1
|
Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari S, Karbasi S. Keratin-containing scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:916-965. [PMID: 38349200 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2311450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, the utilization of bioactive materials has become a routine tool. The goal of tissue engineering is to create new organs and tissues by combining cell biology, materials science, reactor engineering, and clinical research. As part of the growth pattern for primary cells in an organ, backing material is frequently used as a supporting material. A porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffold can provide cells with optimal conditions for proliferating, migrating, differentiating, and functioning as a framework. Optimizing the scaffolds' structure and altering their surface may improve cell adhesion and proliferation. A keratin-based biomaterials platform has been developed as a result of discoveries made over the past century in the extraction, purification, and characterization of keratin proteins from hair and wool fibers. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, intrinsic biological activity, and cellular binding motifs make keratin an attractive biomaterial for tissue engineering scaffolds. Scaffolds for tissue engineering have been developed from extracted keratin proteins because of their capacity to self-assemble and polymerize into intricate 3D structures. In this review article, applications of keratin-based scaffolds in different tissues including bone, skin, nerve, and vascular are explained based on common methods of fabrication such as electrospinning, freeze-drying process, and sponge replication method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agarwal R, Airan P, Sajid M. Numerical and graphical simulation of the non-linear fractional dynamical system of bone mineralization. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:5138-5163. [PMID: 38872530 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to improve our understanding of the complex biological process of bone mineralization by performing mathematical modeling with the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional operator. To obtain a better understanding of Komarova's bone mineralization process, we have thoroughly examined the boundedness, existence, and uniqueness of solutions and stability analysis within this framework. To determine how model parameters affect the behavior of the system, sensitivity analysis was carried out. Furthermore, the fractional Adams-Bashforth method has been used to carry out numerical and graphical simulations. Our work is significant owing to its comparison of fractional- and integer-order models, which provides novel insight into the effectiveness of fractional operators in representing the complex dynamics of bone mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Agarwal
- Department of Mathematics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Pooja Airan
- Department of Mathematics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Mohammad Sajid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Periferakis A, Periferakis AT, Troumpata L, Dragosloveanu S, Timofticiuc IA, Georgatos-Garcia S, Scheau AE, Periferakis K, Caruntu A, Badarau IA, Scheau C, Caruntu C. Use of Biomaterials in 3D Printing as a Solution to Microbial Infections in Arthroplasty and Osseous Reconstruction. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:154. [PMID: 38534839 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of microbial infections in orthopedic prosthetic surgeries is a perennial problem that increases morbidity and mortality, representing one of the major complications of such medical interventions. The emergence of novel technologies, especially 3D printing, represents a promising avenue of development for reducing the risk of such eventualities. There are already a host of biomaterials, suitable for 3D printing, that are being tested for antimicrobial properties when they are coated with bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, or combined with hydrogels with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, such as chitosan and metal nanoparticles, among others. The materials discussed in the context of this paper comprise beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), hydroxyapatite, lithium disilicate glass, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), and zirconia. While the recent research results are promising, further development is required to address the increasing antibiotic resistance exhibited by several common pathogens, the potential for fungal infections, and the potential toxicity of some metal nanoparticles. Other solutions, like the incorporation of phytochemicals, should also be explored. Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) in the development of certain orthopedic implants and the potential use of AI against bacterial infections might represent viable solutions to these problems. Finally, there are some legal considerations associated with the use of biomaterials and the widespread use of 3D printing, which must be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Troumpata
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics, "Foisor" Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iosif-Aliodor Timofticiuc
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Spyrangelos Georgatos-Garcia
- Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT), Tilburg University, 5037 DE Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Corvers Greece IKE, 15124 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P.), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, "Foisor" Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, "Prof. N.C. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guarnera L, Santinelli E, Galossi E, Cristiano A, Fabiani E, Falconi G, Voso MT. Microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia: focus on senescence mechanisms, therapeutic interactions, and future directions. Exp Hematol 2024; 129:104118. [PMID: 37741607 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease with a dismal prognosis, mainly affecting the elderly. In recent years, new drugs have improved life expectancy and quality of life, and a better understanding of the genetic-molecular nature of the disease has shed light on previously unknown aspects of leukemogenesis. In parallel, increasing attention has been attracted to the complex interactions between cells and soluble factors in the bone marrow (BM) environment, collectively known as the microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the central role of the microenvironment in physiologic and pathologic hematopoiesis and the mechanisms of senescence, considered a fundamental protective mechanism against the proliferation of damaged and pretumoral cells. The microenvironment also represents a fertile ground for the development of myeloid malignancies, and the leukemic niche significantly interacts with drugs commonly used in AML treatment. Finally, we focus on the role of the microenvironment in the engraftment and complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the only curative option in a conspicuous proportion of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Santinelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Galossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristiano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fabiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Saint Camillus International, University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Falconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hjazi A, Sukmana BI, Ali SS, Alsaab HO, Gupta J, Ullah MI, Romero-Parra RM, Alawadi AHR, Alazbjee AAA, Mustafa YF. Functional role of circRNAs in osteogenesis: A review. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110455. [PMID: 37290324 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrixes (ECM), as well as the microenvironmental signals, play an essential role in osteogenesis by regulating intercellular pathways. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a newly identified RNA, circular RNA, contributes to the osteogenesis process. Circular RNA (circRNA), the most recently identified RNA, is involved in the regulation of gene expression at transcription to translation levels. The dysregulation of circRNAs has been observed in several tumors and diseases. Also, various studies have shown that circRNAs expression is changed during osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. Therefore, understanding the role of circRNAs in osteogenesis might help the diagnosis as well as treatment of bone diseases such as bone defects and osteoporosis. In this review, circRNA functions and the related pathways in osteogenesis have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayu Indra Sukmana
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Sally Saad Ali
- College of Dentistry, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Pin Code 281406 U.P., India
| | - Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 75471, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed H R Alawadi
- Medical Analysis Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul-41001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kohler JB, da Silva AF, Farias WA, Sampaio BFC, Neves MAS, Lima LG, Lourenço JD, Moreira AR, Barbosa AP, de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério I, Teodoro WR, Dos Santos Lopes FDTQ. Smoking induces increased apoptosis in osteoblasts: changes in bone matrix organic components. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6938. [PMID: 37117332 PMCID: PMC10147676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies demonstrate the impact of smoking on bone tissue fragility and higher incidence of fractures. However, it is not totally understood which physiological mechanisms could be involved in these events. Previously, we showed important changes in bone tissue components in experimental model of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. CS exposure induces worsening in bone mineralization and a decrease in collagen type I deposition, leading to bone fragility. Considering that the majority of clinical studies described bone structural changes by radiographic images, in this study we performed analyses "in situ" using tissue samples from smokers, former smokers and non-smokers to better understand how the increase in inflammatory mediators induced by smoking exposure could interfere in bone cells activity leading bone structural changes. We observed increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in bone tissue homogenates with a concomitant increase in osteoblast apoptosis in smokers and former smokers compared with non-smokers. Histological changes in both smokers and former smokers were characterized by reduction in collagen type I. Only in smokers, it was observed decrease in trabecular area, suggesting increased bone resorption and increase in collagen type V. These results showed that osteoblasts apoptosis in association with increased bone resorption leads bone structural changes in smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Benini Kohler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walleson Alves Farias
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Fialho Carvalho Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Silveiro Neves
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Gregorut Lima
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dias Lourenço
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alyne Riani Moreira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Póvoa Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Walcy Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino Dos Santos Lopes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455-Room 1220, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Veschi EA, Bolean M, da Silva Andrilli LH, Sebinelli HG, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Pikula S, Granjon T, Mebarek S, Magne D, Millán JL, Ramos AP, Buchet R, Bottini M, Ciancaglini P. Mineralization Profile of Annexin A6-Harbouring Proteoliposomes: Shedding Light on the Role of Annexin A6 on Matrix Vesicle-Mediated Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168945. [PMID: 36012211 PMCID: PMC9409191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical machinery involved in matrix vesicles-mediated bone mineralization involves a specific set of lipids, enzymes, and proteins. Annexins, among their many functions, have been described as responsible for the formation and stabilization of the matrix vesicles′ nucleational core. However, the specific role of each member of the annexin family, especially in the presence of type-I collagen, remains to be clarified. To address this issue, in vitro mineralization was carried out using AnxA6 (in solution or associated to the proteoliposomes) in the presence or in the absence of type-I collagen, incubated with either amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) or a phosphatidylserine-calcium phosphate complex (PS–CPLX) as nucleators. Proteoliposomes were composed of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPC:DPPS), and DPPC:Cholesterol:DPPS to mimic the outer and the inner leaflet of the matrix vesicles membrane as well as to investigate the effect of the membrane fluidity. Kinetic parameters of mineralization were calculated from time-dependent turbidity curves of free Annexin A6 (AnxA6) and AnxA6-containing proteoliposomes dispersed in synthetic cartilage lymph. The chemical composition of the minerals formed was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Free AnxA6 and AnxA6-proteoliposomes in the presence of ACP were not able to propagate mineralization; however, poorly crystalline calcium phosphates were formed in the presence of PS–CPLX, supporting the role of annexin-calcium-phosphatidylserine complex in the formation and stabilization of the matrix vesicles’ nucleational core. We found that AnxA6 lacks nucleation propagation capacity when incorporated into liposomes in the presence of PS–CPLX and type-I collagen. This suggests that AnxA6 may interact either with phospholipids, forming a nucleational core, or with type-I collagen, albeit less efficiently, to induce the nucleation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekeveliny Amabile Veschi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Maytê Bolean
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique da Silva Andrilli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Heitor Gobbi Sebinelli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Slawomir Pikula
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thierry Granjon
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - David Magne
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | | | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Rene Buchet
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.C.); Tel.: +55-16-3315-3753 (P.C.); Fax: +55-16-3315-4838 (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.C.); Tel.: +55-16-3315-3753 (P.C.); Fax: +55-16-3315-4838 (P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wawrzyniak A, Balawender K. Structural and Metabolic Changes in Bone. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151946. [PMID: 35953935 PMCID: PMC9367262 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone is an extremely metabolically active tissue that is regenerated and repaired over its lifetime by bone remodeling. Most bone diseases are caused by abnormal restructure processes that undermine bone structure and mechanical strength and trigger clinical symptoms, such as pain, deformity, fracture, and abnormalities of calcium and phosphate homoeostasis. The article examines the main aspects of bone development, anatomy, structure, and the mechanisms of cell and molecular regulation of bone remodeling. Abstract As an essential component of the skeleton, bone tissue provides solid support for the body and protects vital organs. Bone tissue is a reservoir of calcium, phosphate, and other ions that can be released or stored in a controlled manner to provide constant concentration in body fluids. Normally, bone development or osteogenesis occurs through two ossification processes (intra-articular and intra-chondral), but the first produces woven bone, which is quickly replaced by stronger lamellar bone. Contrary to commonly held misconceptions, bone is a relatively dynamic organ that undergoes significant turnover compared to other organs in the body. Bone metabolism is a dynamic process that involves simultaneous bone formation and resorption, controlled by numerous factors. Bone metabolism comprises the key actions. Skeletal mass, structure, and quality are accrued and maintained throughout life, and the anabolic and catabolic actions are mostly balanced due to the tight regulation of the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This activity is also provided by circulating hormones and cytokines. Bone tissue remodeling processes are regulated by various biologically active substances secreted by bone tissue cells, namely RANK, RANKL, MMP-1, MMP-9, or type 1 collagen. Bone-derived factors (BDF) influence bone function and metabolism, and pathophysiological conditions lead to bone dysfunction. This work aims to analyze and evaluate the current literature on various local and systemic factors or immune system interactions that can affect bone metabolism and its impairments.
Collapse
|
9
|
Meroni G, Tsikopoulos A, Tsikopoulos K, Allemanno F, Martino PA, Soares Filipe JF. A Journey into Animal Models of Human Osteomyelitis: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061135. [PMID: 35744653 PMCID: PMC9228829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone characterized by progressive inflammatory destruction and apposition of new bone that can spread via the hematogenous route (hematogenous osteomyelitis (HO)), contiguous spread (contiguous osteomyelitis (CO)), and direct inoculation (osteomyelitis associated with peripheral vascular insufficiency (PVI)). Given the significant financial burden posed by osteomyelitis patient management, the development of new preventive and treatment methods is warranted. To achieve this objective, implementing animal models (AMs) of infection such as rats, mice, rabbits, avians, dogs, sheep, goats, and pigs might be of the essence. This review provides a literature analysis of the AMs developed and used to study osteomyelitis. Historical relevance and clinical applicability were taken into account to choose the best AMs, and some study methods are briefly described. Furthermore, the most significant strengths and limitations of each species as AM are discussed, as no single model incorporates all features of osteomyelitis. HO’s clinical manifestation results in extreme variability between patients due to multiple variables (e.g., age, sex, route of infection, anatomical location, and concomitant diseases) that could alter clinical studies. However, these variables can be controlled and tested through different animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Meroni
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (P.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3428-262-125
| | - Alexios Tsikopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Francesca Allemanno
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Joel Fernando Soares Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blázquez-Carmona P, Sanz-Herrera JA, Mora-Macías J, Morgaz J, Domínguez J, Reina-Romo E. Time-Dependent Collagen Fibered Structure in the Early Distraction Callus: Imaging Characterization and Mathematical Modeling. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:1798-1809. [PMID: 35732853 PMCID: PMC9794544 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a ubiquitous protein present in regenerating bone tissues that experiences multiple biological phenomena during distraction osteogenesis until the deposition of phosphate crystals. This work combines fluorescence techniques and mathematical modeling to shed light on the mechano-structural processes behind the maturation and accommodation-to-mineralization of the callus tissue. Ovine metatarsal bone calluses were analyzed through confocal images at different stages of the early distraction osteogenesis process, quantifying the fiber orientation distribution and mean intensity as fiber density measure. Likewise, a mathematical model based on the experimental data was defined to micromechanically characterize the apparent stiffening of the tissue within the distracted callus. A reorganization of the fibers around the distraction axis and increased fiber density were found as the bone fragments were gradually separated. Given the degree of significance between the mathematical model and previous in vivo data, reorganization, densification, and bundle maturation phenomena seem to explain the apparent mechanical maturation observed in the tissue theoretically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Blázquez-Carmona
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - José A. Sanz-Herrera
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Mora-Macías
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Juan Morgaz
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Nacional IV-A, Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Domínguez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Reina-Romo
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pathmanapan S, Sekar M, Pandurangan AK, Anandasadagopan SK. Fabrication of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Incorporated Coaxial Nanofiber for Evaluating the In Vitro Osteogenic Potential. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:302-322. [PMID: 34762271 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The most important role of tissue engineering is to develop a biomaterial with a property that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) by enhancing the lineage-specific proliferation and differentiation with favorable regeneration property to aid in new tissue formation. Thus, to develop an ideal scaffold for bone repair, we have fabricated a composite nanofiber by the coaxial electrospinning technique. The coaxial electrospun nanofiber contains the core layer, consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blended with oregano extract and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PVA-OE-MSNPs), and the shell layer, consisting of poly-ε-caprolactone blended with collagen and hydroxyapatite (PCL-collagen-HAP). We evaluated the physicochemical properties of the nanofibers using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In vitro biocompatibility, cell adhesion, cell viability, and osteogenic potential were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenlytetrazolium bromide (MTT), calcein AM, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red staining in NIH 3T3/MG-63 cells. The results showed that the nanoparticle-incorporated coaxial nanofiber was observed with bead-free, continuous, and uniform fiber morphology with a mean diameter in the range of 310 ± 125 nm. From the biochemical studies, it is observed that the incorporation of nanofiber with HAP and MSNPs shows good swelling property with ideal porosity, biodegradation, and enhanced biomineralization property. In vitro results showed that the scaffolds with nanoparticles have higher cell adhesion, cell viability, ALP activity, and mineralization potential. Thus, the fabricated nanofiber could be an appropriate implantable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivetha Pathmanapan
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
- Department of Leather Technology, Housed at CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Mythrehi Sekar
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- School of Life Science, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CLRI Campus, Chennai, 600020, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo L, Liang Z, Yang L, Du W, Yu T, Tang H, Li C, Qiu H. The role of natural polymers in bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2021; 338:571-582. [PMID: 34481026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic self-healing organ and a continuous remodeling ensures the restoration of the bone structure and function over time. However, bone remodeling is not able to repair large traumatic injuries. Therefore, surgical interventions and bone substitutes are required. The aim of bone tissue engineering is to repair and regenerate tissues and engineered a bone graft as a bone substitute. To met this goal, several natural or synthetic polymers have been used to develop a biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric construct. Among the polymers, natural polymers have higher biocompatibility, excellent biodegradability, and no toxicity. So far, collagen, chitosan, gelatin, silk fibroin, alginate, cellulose, and starch, alone or in combination, have been widely used in bone tissue engineering. These polymers have been used as scaffolds, hydrogels, and micro-nanospheres. The functionalization of the polymer with growth factors and bioactive glasses increases the potential use of polymers for bone regeneration. As bone is a dynamic highly vascularized tissue, the vascularization of the polymeric scaffolds is vital for successful bone regeneration. Several in vivo and in vitro strategies have been used to vascularize the polymeric scaffolds. In this review, the application of the most commonly used natural polymers is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Daqing, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Wenyan Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China
| | - Huayu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China
| | - Changde Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fosca M, Basoli V, Della Bella E, Russo F, Vadala G, Alini M, Rau JV, Verrier S. Raman spectroscopy in skeletal tissue disorders and tissue engineering: present and prospective. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:949-965. [PMID: 34579558 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common reason of chronic pain and disability representing worldwide an enormous socio-economic burden. In this review, new biomedical application fields for Raman spectroscopy (RS) technique related to skeletal tissues are discussed showing that it can provide a comprehensive profile of tissue composition in situ, in a rapid, label-free, and non-destructive manner. RS can be used as a tool to study tissue alterations associated to aging, pathologies, and disease treatments. The main advantage with respect to currently applied methods in clinics is its ability to provide specific information on molecular composition, which goes beyond other diagnostic tools. Being compatible with water, RS can be performed without pre-treatment on unfixed, hydrated tissue samples, without any labelling and chemical fixation used in histochemical methods. This review provides first the description of basic principles of RS as a biotechnology tool and introduces into the field of currently available RS based techniques, developed to enhance Raman signal. The main spectral processing statistical tools, fingerprint identification and available databases are mentioned. The recent literature has been analysed for such applications of RS as tendon and ligaments, cartilage, bone, and tissue engineered constructs for regenerative medicine. Several cases of proof-of-concept preclinical studies have been described. Finally, advantages, limitations, future perspectives, and challenges for translation of RS into clinical practice have been also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 204549, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Valentina Basoli
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Elena Della Bella
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Fabrizio Russo
- Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 220431, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Vadala
- Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 220431, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 204549, Roma, Lazio, Italy.,I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 68477, Moskva, Moskva, Russian Federation;
| | - Sophie Verrier
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Samal S, Dash P, Dash M. Drug Delivery to the Bone Microenvironment Mediated by Exosomes: An Axiom or Enigma. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3509-3540. [PMID: 34045855 PMCID: PMC8149288 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s307843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of bone-related disorders is causing a burden on the clinical scenario. Even though bone is one of the tissues that possess tremendous regenerative potential, certain bone anomalies need therapeutic intervention through appropriate delivery of a drug. Among several nanosystems and biologics that offer the potential to contribute towards bone healing, the exosomes from the class of extracellular vesicles are outstanding. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles that, apart from the various advantages, are standing out of the crowd for their ability to conduct cellular communication. The internal cargo of the exosomes is leading to its potential use in therapeutics. Exosomes are being unraveled in terms of the mechanism as well as application in targeting various diseases and tissues. Through this review, we have tried to understand and review all that is already established and the gap areas that still exist in utilizing them as drug delivery vehicles targeting the bone. The review highlights the potential of the exosomes towards their contribution to the drug delivery scenario in the bone microenvironment. A comparison of the pros and cons of exosomes with other prevalent drug delivery systems is also done. A section on the patents that have been generated so far from this field is included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Samal
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Pratigyan Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Mamoni Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alsamraae M, Cook LM. Emerging roles for myeloid immune cells in bone metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:413-425. [PMID: 33855680 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, especially bone metastasis, is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, which is associated with long-term pain due to skeletal-related events and poor quality of life. Tumor cells alter the bone microenvironment through aberrant activation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts which induces bone osteolysis and release of growth factors leading to cancer growth. Though this phenomenon has been well characterized, bone-targeted therapies have shown little improvement in patient survival. Recent evidence indicates a growing appreciation for the complex bone environment, in addition to bone-remodeling stromal cells, which includes an abundance of myeloid immune cells that can either protect against or contribute to the progression of the disease within the bone cavity. Additionally, myeloid cells are recruited into primary tumor sites, where they promote development of the pre-metastatic niche and also can regulate tumor progression within the tumor-bone microenvironment through a milieu of complex mechanisms and involving heterogeneous myeloid populations. In this review, we have highlighted the complex roles of myeloid immunity in bone metastasis and hope to bring attention to the potential of novel immunotherapeutic interventions for the elimination of bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massar Alsamraae
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA. .,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wubuli A, Gerlinger C, Reyer H, Oster M, Muráni E, Trakooljul N, Ponsuksili S, Wolf P, Wimmers K. Reduced phosphorus intake throughout gestation and lactation of sows is mitigated by transcriptional adaptations in kidney and intestine. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:626. [PMID: 32917128 PMCID: PMC7488499 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The environmental impact of pig farming need to be reduced, with phosphorus (P) being of particular interest. Specified dietary regimens and management systems contribute to meet environmental concerns and reduce economic constrains. However, pregnant and lactating sows represent vulnerable individuals, whose reproductive potential and metabolic health status relies on adequate supply of macro- and micronutrients. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether sows fed with a dietary P content that is below or above current recommendations are capable to maintain mineral homeostasis during the reproduction cycle and which endogenous mechanisms are retrieved therefore in kidney and jejunum. Nulliparous gilts were fed iso-energetic diets with recommended (M), reduced (L), or high (H) amounts of mineral P supplements throughout gestation and lactation periods. Blood metabolites and hormones referring to the P homeostasis were retrieved prior to term (110 days of gestation) and at weaning (28 days of lactation). Transcriptional responses in kidney cortex and jejunal mucosa were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Results The variable dietary P content neither led to an aberration on fertility traits such as total weaned piglets nor to an effect on the weight pattern throughout gestation and lactation. Serum parameters revealed a maintained P homeostasis as reflected by unaltered inorganic P and calcium levels in L and H fed groups. The serum calcitriol levels were increased in lactating L sows. The endocrine responses to the dietary challenge were reflected at the transcriptional level. L diets led to an increase in CYP27B1 expression in the kidney compared to the H group and to an altered gene expression associated with lipid metabolism in the kidney and immune response in the jejunum. Conclusions Our results suggest that current P requirements for gestating and lactating sows are sufficient and over supplementation of mineral P is not required. Shifts in renal and jejunal expression patterns between L and H groups indicate an affected intermediate metabolism, which long-term relevance needs to be further clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisanjiang Wubuli
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christian Gerlinger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Petra Wolf
- Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. .,Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 7, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ashurbekova K, Ashurbekova K, Botta G, Yurkevich O, Knez M. Vapor phase processing: a novel approach for fabricating functional hybrid materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:342001. [PMID: 32353844 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8edb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Materials science is nowadays facing challenges in optimizing properties of materials which are needed for numerous technological applications and include, but are not limited to, mechanics, electronics, optics, etc. The key issue is that for emerging applications materials are needed which incorporate certain properties from polymers or biopolymers and metals or ceramics at the same time, thus fabrication of functional hybrid materials becomes inevitable. Routes for the synthesis of functional hybrid materials can be manifold. Among the explored routes vapor phase processing is a rather novel approach which opts for compatibility with many existing industrial processes. This topical review summarizes the most important approaches and achievements in the synthesis of functional hybrid materials through vapor phase routes with the goal to fabricate suitable hybrid materials for future mechanical, electronic, optical or biomedical applications. Most of the approaches rely on atomic layer deposition (ALD) and techniques related to this process, including molecular layer deposition (MLD) and vapor phase infiltration (VPI), or variations of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The thus fabricated hybrid materials or nanocomposites often show exceptional physical or chemical properties, which result from synergies of the hybridized materials families. Even though the research in this field is still in its infancy, the initial results encourage further development and promise great application potential in a large variety of applications fields such as flexible electronics, energy conversion or storage, functional textile, and many more.
Collapse
|
18
|
Shridhar A, Amsden BG, Gillies ER, Flynn LE. Investigating the Effects of Tissue-Specific Extracellular Matrix on the Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Within Composite Hydrogel Scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:402. [PMID: 31921807 PMCID: PMC6917659 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While it has been postulated that tissue-specific bioscaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) can direct stem cell differentiation, systematic comparisons of multiple ECM sources are needed to more fully assess the benefits of incorporating tissue-specific ECM in stem cell culture and delivery platforms. To probe the effects of ECM sourced from decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) or decellularized trabecular bone (DTB) on the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), a novel detergent-free decellularization protocol was developed for bovine trabecular bone that complemented our established detergent-free decellularization protocol for human adipose tissue and did not require specialized equipment or prolonged incubation times. Immunohistochemical and biochemical characterization revealed enhanced sulphated glycosaminoglycan content in the DTB, while the DAT contained higher levels of collagen IV, collagen VI and laminin. To generate platforms with similar structural and biomechanical properties to enable assessment of the compositional effects of the ECM on ASC differentiation, micronized DAT and DTB were encapsulated with human ASCs within methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (MCS) hydrogels through UV-initiated crosslinking. High ASC viability (>90%) was observed over 14 days in culture. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the MCS+DAT composites relative to the MCS+DTB composites and MCS controls after 14 days of culture in adipogenic medium. Osteogenic differentiation studies revealed a peak in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity at 7 days in the MCS+DTB group cultured in osteogenic medium, suggesting that the DTB had bioactive effects on osteogenic protein expression. Overall, the current study suggests that tissue-specific ECM sourced from DAT or DTB can act synergistically with soluble differentiation factors to enhance the lineage-specific differentiation of human ASCs within 3-D hydrogel systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Shridhar
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian G. Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Flynn
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Histological Evaluation of the Effects of Growth Factors in a Fibrin Network on Bone Regeneration. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:1078-1084. [PMID: 30839463 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mineralized plasmatic matrix (MPM), comprising a combination of synthetic graft and platelet concentrates, on bone regeneration. METHODS Critical size defects of 6-mm diameter were created on the tibias of 6 male sheep, with the animals subsequently assigned into 2 groups. Of the 5 bone defects generated per animal, 4 were randomly filled with MPM, beta-tricalcium phosphate graft (β-TCP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) + β-TCP, and autogenous graft. One defect was left empty as a control group. Animals were killed at 3 weeks (early healing group) and 6 weeks (late healing group). The specimens underwent histologic and histomorphometric analysis to evaluate new bone formation. RESULTS In both healing periods, new bone formation from autogenous bone was observed significantly more often than from biomaterials or the empty defect. The degree of new bone formation for MPM was significantly higher than that of the control group at all healing periods. In addition, it was significantly higher in both healing periods than that of β-TCP albeit only in the late healing period than that of the PRF + β-TCP combination. In all biomaterial groups, residual graft ratios decreased from early to late healing periods. CONCLUSION The results indicated that MPM, representing growth factors in a fibrin network, increases new bone formation in surgically created defects in sheep tibia as confirmed by histologic assessment.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wilson KR, Kang IH, Baliga U, Xiong Y, Chatterjee S, Moore E, Parthiban B, Thyagarajan K, Borke JL, Mehrotra S, Kirkwood KL, LaRue AC, Ogawa M, Mehrotra M. Hematopoietic Stem Cells as a Novel Source of Dental Tissue Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8026. [PMID: 29795229 PMCID: PMC5966408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While earlier studies have suggested that cells positive for hematopoietic markers can be found in dental tissues, it has yet to be confirmed. To conclusively demonstrate this, we utilized a unique transgenic model in which all hematopoietic cells are green fluorescent protein+ (GFP+). Pulp, periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone (AvB) cell culture analysis demonstrated numerous GFP+ cells, which were also CD45+ (indicating hematopoietic origin) and co-expressed markers of cellular populations in pulp (dentin matrix protein-1, dentin sialophosphoprotein, alpha smooth muscle actin [ASMA], osteocalcin), in PDL (periostin, ASMA, vimentin, osteocalcin) and in AvB (Runx-2, bone sialoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin). Transplantation of clonal population derived from a single GFP+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), into lethally irradiated recipient mice, demonstrated numerous GFP+ cells within dental tissues of recipient mice, which also stained for markers of cell populations in pulp, PDL and AvB (used above), indicating that transplanted HSCs can differentiate into cells in dental tissues. These hematopoietic-derived cells deposited collagen and can differentiate in osteogenic media, indicating that they are functional. Thus, our studies demonstrate, for the first time, that cells in pulp, PDL and AvB can have a hematopoietic origin, thereby opening new avenues of therapy for dental diseases and injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie R Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - In-Hong Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Uday Baliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Shilpak Chatterjee
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Emily Moore
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Beneta Parthiban
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | - James L Borke
- College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Makio Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Meenal Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Collignon AM, Lesieur J, Vacher C, Chaussain C, Rochefort GY. Strategies Developed to Induce, Direct, and Potentiate Bone Healing. Front Physiol 2017; 8:927. [PMID: 29184512 PMCID: PMC5694432 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone exhibits a great ability for endogenous self-healing. Nevertheless, impaired bone regeneration and healing is on the rise due to population aging, increasing incidence of bone trauma and the clinical need for the development of alternative options to autologous bone grafts. Current strategies, including several biomolecules, cellular therapies, biomaterials, and different permutations of these, are now developed to facilitate the vascularization and the engraftment of the constructs, to recreate ultimately a bone tissue with the same properties and characteristics of the native bone. In this review, we browse the existing strategies that are currently developed, using biomolecules, cells and biomaterials, to induce, direct and potentiate bone healing after injury and further discuss the biological processes associated with this repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Margaux Collignon
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France.,Department of Odontology, University Hospitals PNVS, Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Christian Vacher
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France.,Department of Odontology, University Hospitals PNVS, Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gael Y Rochefort
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kälebo P, Strid KG. Bone Mass Determination from Microradiographs by Computer-Assisted Videodensitometry. Acta Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/028418518802900524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium was evaluated as a reference substance in the assessment of rabbit cortical bone by microradiography followed by videodensitometry. Ten dense, cortical-bone specimens from the same tibia diaphysis were microradiographed using prefiltered 27 kV roentgen radiation together with aluminium step wedges and bone simulating phantoms for calibration. Optimally exposed and processed plates were analysed by previously described computer-assisted videodensitometry. For comparison, the specimens were analysed by physico-chemical methods. A strict proportionality was found between the ‘aluminium equivalent mass’ and the ash weight of the specimens. The total random error was low with a coefficient of variation within 1.5 per cent. It was concluded that aluminium is an appropriate reference material in the determination of cortical bone, which it resembles in effective atomic number and thus x-ray attenuation characteristics. The ‘aluminium equivalent mass’ is suitably established as the standard of expressing the results of bone assessment by microradiography.
Collapse
|
23
|
Preparation of collagen/hydroxyapatite/alendronate hybrid hydrogels as potential scaffolds for bone regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
24
|
Komarova SV, Safranek L, Gopalakrishnan J, Ou MJY, McKee MD, Murshed M, Rauch F, Zuhr E. Mathematical model for bone mineralization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:51. [PMID: 26347868 PMCID: PMC4544393 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective bone mineralization has serious clinical manifestations, including deformities and fractures, but the regulation of this extracellular process is not fully understood. We have developed a mathematical model consisting of ordinary differential equations that describe collagen maturation, production and degradation of inhibitors, and mineral nucleation and growth. We examined the roles of individual processes in generating normal and abnormal mineralization patterns characterized using two outcome measures: mineralization lag time and degree of mineralization. Model parameters describing the formation of hydroxyapatite mineral on the nucleating centers most potently affected the degree of mineralization, while the parameters describing inhibitor homeostasis most effectively changed the mineralization lag time. Of interest, a parameter describing the rate of matrix maturation emerged as being capable of counter-intuitively increasing both the mineralization lag time and the degree of mineralization. We validated the accuracy of model predictions using known diseases of bone mineralization such as osteogenesis imperfecta and X-linked hypophosphatemia. The model successfully describes the highly nonlinear mineralization dynamics, which includes an initial lag phase when osteoid is present but no mineralization is evident, then fast primary mineralization, followed by secondary mineralization characterized by a continuous slow increase in bone mineral content. The developed model can potentially predict the function for a mutated protein based on the histology of pathologic bone samples from mineralization disorders of unknown etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Komarova
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lee Safranek
- Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- The Fariborz Maseeh Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Portland State University Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erica Zuhr
- Department of Mathematics, High Point University High Point, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gong B, Morris MD. Raman spectroscopy monitors adverse bone sequelae of cancer radiotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Khanarian NT, Boushell MK, Spalazzi JP, Pleshko N, Boskey AL, Lu HH. FTIR-I compositional mapping of the cartilage-to-bone interface as a function of tissue region and age. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2643-52. [PMID: 24839262 PMCID: PMC4963234 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue-to-bone transitions, such as the osteochondral interface, are complex junctions that connect multiple tissue types and are critical for musculoskeletal function. The osteochondral interface enables pressurization of articular cartilage, facilitates load transfer between cartilage and bone, and serves as a barrier between these two distinct tissues. Presently, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of the matrix and mineral distribution across this multitissue transition. Moreover, age-related changes at the interface with the onset of skeletal maturity are also not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study is to characterize the cartilage-to-bone transition as a function of age, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIR-I) analysis to map region-dependent changes in collagen, proteoglycan, and mineral distribution, as well as collagen organization. Both tissue-dependent and age-related changes were observed, underscoring the role of postnatal physiological loading in matrix remodeling. It was observed that the relative collagen content increased continuously from cartilage to bone, whereas proteoglycan peaked within the deep zone of cartilage. With age, collagen content across the interface increased, accompanied by a higher degree of collagen alignment in both the surface and deep zone cartilage. Interestingly, regardless of age, mineral content increased exponentially across the calcified cartilage interface. These observations reveal new insights into both region- and age-dependent changes across the cartilage-to-bone junction and will serve as critical benchmark parameters for current efforts in integrative cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora T Khanarian
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret K Boushell
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Spalazzi
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adele L Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen H Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Singer LD. The Importance of Immediate Bone Block Autograft to Successfully Restore the Function and Aesthetic of the Anterior Alveolar Process and Teeth. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2014; 41:684-91. [PMID: 24689697 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maxillofacial traumatic injuries can damage the jaw, teeth, and soft tissues of the head and neck region. When these injuries occur, best practice is to reconstruct as comprehensively as is clinically prudent at time of injury. Smart and efficient procedures during the initial surgery can minimize subsequent reconstructive procedures in scope and number, minimize expense, and result in a better final aesthetic and functional outcome. Restoration of anterior alveolar jaw fractures with comminuted or avulsed segments becomes a complex prospect when left untreated after initial trauma or injury and can result in alveolar ridge defects that are difficult, costly, and cumbersome to repair. This case report details one 19-year-old woman who had a traumatic injury in these areas and has a best result outcome because of immediate reconstruction efforts involving a bone block autograft to preserve alveolar process anatomy.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kostik MM, Smirnov AM, Demin GS, Mnuskina MM, Scheplyagina LA, Larionova VI. Genetic polymorphisms of collagen type I α1 chain (COL1A1) gene increase the frequency of low bone mineral density in the subgroup of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. EPMA J 2013; 4:15. [PMID: 23763832 PMCID: PMC3693906 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen type I is one of the key proteins involved in the maturation, development and mineralization of bone. Genetic polymorphisms of collagen type I alpha-1 chain (COL1A1) gene are associated with low bone mineral density and higher risk of fractures in adults and children. We hypothesize that the polymorphic alleles and genotypes of COL1A1 gene influence bone mineralization and metabolism in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS We recruited 196 children with JIA in our study. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteocalcin, Ca, Ca2+ and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were utilized for the assessment of bone metabolism. Molecular testing: Sp1 (rs1800012) and -1997G/T (rs1107946) polymorphisms of COL1A1 gene were detected RFLP. RESULTS No differences in genotype, allele and haplotype distribution of COL1A1 were detected among children with normal and low BMD (LBMD; <-2 standard deviation). The presence of GG genotype of Sp1 increased the incidence of LBMD in Tanner II to III children (odds ratio (OR) = 9.7 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2; 81.7], p = 0.02) as well as GG genotype of -1997G/T increased the frequency of LBMD in Tanner IV to V children (OR = 4.5 [95% CI, 0.9; 22.0], p = 0.048). Tanner I children with -1997GG genotype had lower Ca2+ and osteocalcin and higher Pi compared with carriers of -1997Т allele. Tanner IV to V children with -1997GG genotype had lower BMD and BMD-Z score than carriers of -1997Т. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of the biologic effects of the GG Sp1 and GG of -1997G/T polymorphism of COL1A1 has shown negative effect on BMD and mineral turnover related to pubertal stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail M Kostik
- Hospital Pediatric Department, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Lytovskaya 2, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | | | - Grigory S Demin
- Genetic systems, Ltd, Saint-Petersburg 195027, Russian Federation
| | - Marina M Mnuskina
- Department of biochemistry, Diagnostic Center#1 for adults, Saint-Petersburg, 194354, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa A Scheplyagina
- Moscow scientific and research clinical institute named M.F, Vladimirskiy, Moscow 129110, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina I Larionova
- Department of molecular diagnostics, Turner's Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Saint-Petersburg 196603, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Feng X, Teitelbaum SL. Osteoclasts: New Insights. Bone Res 2013; 1:11-26. [PMID: 26273491 DOI: 10.4248/br201301003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, play a pivotal role in skeletal development and adult bone remodeling. They also participate in the pathogenesis of various bone disorders. Osteoclasts differentiate from cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon stimulation of two essential factors, the monocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activation of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). M-CSF binds to its receptor c-Fms to activate distinct signaling pathways to stimulate the proliferation and survival of osteoclast precursors and the mature cell. RANKL, however, is the primary osteoclast differentiation factor, and promotes osteoclast differentiation mainly through controlling gene expression by activating its receptor, RANK. Osteoclast function depends on polarization of the cell, induced by integrin αvβ3, to form the resorptive machinery characterized by the attachment to the bone matrix and the formation of the bone-apposed ruffled border. Recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanism of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. In particular, c-Fms and RANK signaling have been shown to regulate bone resorption by cross-talking with those activated by integrin αvβ3. This review discusses new advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of osteoclast differentiation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Frohbergh ME, Katsman A, Botta GP, Lazarovici P, Schauer CL, Wegst UGK, Lelkes PI. Electrospun hydroxyapatite-containing chitosan nanofibers crosslinked with genipin for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2012; 33:9167-78. [PMID: 23022346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of large bone defects remains problematic in orthopedic and craniofacial clinical practice. Autografts are limited in supply and are associated with donor site morbidity while other materials show poor integration with the host's own bone. This lack of integration is often due to the absence of periosteum, the outer layer of bone that contains osteoprogenitor cells and is critical for the growth and remodeling of bone tissue. In this study we developed a one-step platform to electrospin nanofibrous scaffolds from chitosan, which also contain hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and are crosslinked with genipin. We hypothesized that the resulting composite scaffolds represent a microenvironment that emulates the physical, mineralized structure and mechanical properties of non-weight bearing bone extracellular matrix while promoting osteoblast differentiation and maturation similar to the periosteum. The ultrastructure and physicochemical properties of the scaffolds were studied using scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic techniques. The average fiber diameters of the electrospun scaffolds were 227 ± 154 nm as spun, and increased to 335 ± 119 nm after crosslinking with genipin. Analysis by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic features of hydroxyapatite in the composite chitosan fibers. The Young's modulus of the composite fibrous scaffolds was 142 ± 13 MPa, which is similar to that of the natural periosteum. Both pure chitosan scaffolds and composite hydroxyapatite-containing chitosan scaffolds supported adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse 7F2 osteoblast-like cells. Expression and enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase, an early osteogenic marker, were higher in cells cultured on the composite scaffolds as compared to pure chitosan scaffolds, reaching a significant, 2.4 fold, difference by day 14 (p < 0.05). Similarly, cells cultured on hydroxyapatite-containing scaffolds had the highest rate of osteonectin mRNA expression over 2 weeks, indicating enhanced osteoinductivity of the composite scaffolds. Our results suggest that crosslinking electrospun hydroxyapatite-containing chitosan with genipin yields bio-composite scaffolds, which combine non-weight-bearing bone mechanical properties with a periosteum-like environment. Such scaffolds will facilitate the proliferation, differentiation and maturation of osteoblast-like cells. We propose that these scaffolds might be useful for the repair and regeneration of maxillofacial defects and injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Frohbergh
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Capitani D, Di Tullio V, Proietti N. Nuclear magnetic resonance to characterize and monitor Cultural Heritage. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 64:29-69. [PMID: 22578316 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Capitani
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory Annalaura Segre, Institute of Chemical Methodologies, CNR Research Area of Rome, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chang X, Han J, Zhao Y, Yan X, Sun S, Cui Y. Increased expression of carbonic anhydrase I in the synovium of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11:279. [PMID: 21143847 PMCID: PMC3012668 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most distinctive features of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is new bone formation and bone resorption at sites of chronic inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that the hyperplasia and inflammation of synovial tissues are significantly related to the pathogenic process of AS. The present study used a proteomic approach to identify novel AS-specific proteins by simultaneously comparing the expression profiles of synovial membranes from patients with AS, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Synovial tissues were collected from the hip joints of patients with AS and knee joints of patients with RA or OA (n = 10 for each disease) during joint replacement surgery. Proteins extracted from the synovial tissues were separated by 2-D electrophoresis (2-DE), and the proteins with significantly increased expression in the AS samples were subjected to MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis. The results were verified using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Levels of the candidate proteins in synovial fluids from knee joints (n = 40 for each disease) were measured using ELISA. Results The proteomic approach revealed significantly increased expression of carbonic anhydrase I (CA1) in the synovial membrane of patients with AS as compared with the RA and OA tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis confirmed the findings described above. The ELISA detected a higher level of CA1 in synovial fluids from patients with AS than those with OA. The mean value of the CA1 level was also higher in AS patients as compared with RA patients. This study also detected increased expression of alpha-1-antitrypsin in the synovial tissues from AS patients, which is in agreement with other reports. Conclusion In vitro experiments by other groups indicated that CA1 catalyzes the generation of HCO3- through the hydration of CO2, which then combines with Ca2+ to form a CaCO3 precipitate. Calcification is an essential step of bone formation. Substantial evidence indicates that carbonic anhydrase also stimulates bone resorption. Hence, overexpression of CA1 in the synovial tissues of AS patients may promote improper calcification and bone resorption in AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chang
- National Laboratory for Bio-Drugs of Ministry of Health, Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jingshi road 18877, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yokoyama M, Atsumi T, Tsuchiya M, Koyama S, Sasaki K. Dynamic changes in bone metabolism in the rat temporomandibular joint after molar extraction using bone scintigraphy. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117:374-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
34
|
Gilsanz V, Perez FJ, Campbell PP, Dorey FJ, Lee DC, Wren TAL. Quantitative CT reference values for vertebral trabecular bone density in children and young adults. Radiology 2008; 250:222-7. [PMID: 19001149 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2493080206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine normative reference values for vertebral trabecular bone density (TBD) obtained by using quantitative computed tomography (CT) in healthy white children, teenagers, and young adults of both sexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data presented in this HIPAA-compliant study are a compilation of data from multiple investigations on the determinants of bone acquisition in healthy children conducted at this institution from 1992 to 2006. The institutional review board for clinical investigations approved the protocols for each of these studies, and written informed consent was provided by all parents and/or participants. Quantitative CT measurements of TBD (in milligrams per cubic centimeter) were obtained at the first, second, and third lumbar vertebrae in 1222 healthy white male and female subjects aged 5-21 years (mean age for male subjects, 15.1 years +/- 3.6 [standard deviation]; range, 5.6-21.9 years; mean age for female subjects, 14.2 years +/- 3.9; range, 5.7-21.6 years; mean age for both sexes, 14.6 years +/- 3.8). Mean and standard deviations for TBD were determined for each age group in 1-year intervals, and Student t tests for unpaired data were performed to compare male subjects with female subjects. RESULTS TBD increased equally during growth in male and female subjects. Although the percentage increase in TBD was similar for both sexes (23.7% [57 of 241] for male subjects, 22.2% [54 of 243] for female subjects), the rise began and reached peak values at an earlier age in female subjects; increases in TBD occurred from 10-15 years of age in female subjects, whereas in male subjects, these increases were not observed until age 12 years and were completed at 17 years. CONCLUSION This study provides reference standards for quantitative CT bone measurements in children and young adults, which may aid in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of pediatric metabolic bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Gilsanz
- Department of Radiology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS 81, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hadfield KD, Rock CF, Inkson CA, Dallas SL, Sudre L, Wallis GA, Boot-Handford RP, Canfield AE. HtrA1 inhibits mineral deposition by osteoblasts: requirement for the protease and PDZ domains. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:5928-38. [PMID: 18156628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709299200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
HtrA1 is a secreted multidomain protein with serine protease activity. In light of increasing evidence implicating this protein in the regulation of skeletal development and pathology, we investigated the role of HtrA1 in osteoblast mineralization and identified domains essential for this activity. We demonstrate increased HtrA1 expression in differentiating 2T3 osteoblasts prior to the appearance of mineralization. HtrA1 is subsequently down-regulated in fully mineralized cultures. The functional role of HtrA1 in matrix calcification was investigated using three complementary approaches. First, we transfected a full-length HtrA1 expression plasmid into 2T3 cells and showed that overexpression of HtrA1 delayed mineralization, reduced expression of Cbfa1 and collagen type I mRNA, and prevented BMP-2-induced mineralization. Second, knocking down HtrA1 expression using short interfering RNA induced mineral deposition by 2T3 cells. Third, by expressing a series of recombinant HtrA1 proteins, we demonstrated that the protease domain and the PDZ domain are essential for the inhibitory effect of HtrA1 on osteoblast mineralization. Finally, we tested whether HtrA1 cleaves specific matrix proteins that are known to regulate osteoblast differentiation, mineralization, and/or BMP-2 activity. Full-length recombinant HtrA1 cleaved recombinant decorin, fibronectin, and matrix Gla protein. Both the protease domain and the PDZ domain were necessary for the cleavage of matrix Gla protein, whereas the PDZ domain was not required for the cleavage of decorin or fibronectin. Type I collagen was not cleaved by recombinant HtrA1. These results suggest that HtrA1 may regulate matrix calcification via the inhibition of BMP-2 signaling, modulating osteoblast gene expression, and/or via the degradation of specific matrix proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Hadfield
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Giannoudis PV, Kanakaris NK, Einhorn TA. Interaction of bone morphogenetic proteins with cells of the osteoclast lineage: review of the existing evidence. Osteoporos Int 2007; 18:1565-81. [PMID: 17694399 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present review evaluates the existing scientific proofs of this supplementary role of the BMPs and summarises its clinical implications. Bone regeneration is a process consisting of bone formation and bone resorption, two different but closely coupling pathways, which in most circumstances proceed simultaneously. Plenty of evidence has also characterised the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as inducing factors of bone formation. However, there is also evidence that these multifunctioning proteins affect bone resorption and the osteoclast homeostasis utilising various pathways. The present review evaluates the existing scientific evidence of this supplementary role of the BMPs, and summarises its clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Giannoudis
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bertran CA, Allegretti LJM, Bertazzo S. Synthesis of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles in Collagen Medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200750710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
38
|
Zoetis T, Tassinari MS, Bagi C, Walthall K, Hurtt ME. Species comparison of postnatal bone growth and development. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART B, DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY 2003; 68:86-110. [PMID: 12866701 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Zoetis
- Millstone Biomedical Associates, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Joschek S, Nies B, Krotz R, Göferich A. Chemical and physicochemical characterization of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics made of natural bone. Biomaterials 2000; 21:1645-58. [PMID: 10905406 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The properties of a porous hydroxyapatite ceramic produced by sintering of bovine bone were investigated by using a number of physicochemical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), mercury intrusion porosimetry, krypton-adsorption, contact angle measurements, wide angle X-ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical atom emissions spectroscopy and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that there are considerable differences between the ceramic and native bone. However, the most important properties with respect to the use of such ceramics as a biomaterial for filling bone defects namely the high porosity (> or = 57 +/- 2%) and the interconnecting pore system are maintained. While macropores with an average diameter of approx. 300 microm contribute 97% to porosity, micropores with an average diameter of 1.3 microm account for only 3% of the total porosity. The surface area was found to be approx. 0.1 m2/g. The contact angles of water (44.6 +/- 15.4 degrees, n = 5) and tetrahydrofurane (10 degrees) allow the processing of the ceramic to a drug carrier by incubation with aqueous or organic drug solutions. The ceramic is highly crystalline with crystal sizes of 1-7 microm and contains crystal bridges. The investigation of its chemical composition revealed small amounts of other inorganic compounds such as Ca4O(PO4)2, NaCaPO4, Ca3(PO4)2, CaO, and MgO. Besides trace amounts of aluminum, iron, magnesium, potassium, silica, sodium, vanadium and zinc it contains probably carbonated apatite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Joschek
- Merck, Biomaterial R & D, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tseng KF, Goldstein SA. Systemic over-secretion of growth hormone in transgenic mice results in a specific pattern of skeletal modeling and adaptation. J Bone Miner Res 1998; 13:706-15. [PMID: 9556071 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.4.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of growth hormone (GH) over-secretion on bone modeling and remodeling in transgenic mice were investigated using systematic and hierarchical methods. The results showed that continual systemic stimulation of GH over-secretion in mice resulted in an initial increase in bone mass, but its bone quality was not comparable with that of the littermate controls. Further continual over-stimulation of GH resulted in an increase in bone resorption leading to thinner cortices with inferior tissue mechanical properties. Three biological mechanisms following GH over-production are formulated to explain the observed results: GH over-secretion stimulated the production of inferior bone matrices, i.e., woven bone and cartilage, in addition to the production of normal lamellar bone; the increased bone formation stimulated by GH was followed by an exaggerated bone resorption process, resulting in cortical tissue with inferior mechanical properties; and a cortical shift occurred following GH over-stimulation that appeared to be caused by the combined effects of GH over-secretion and a variation in mechanical stimuli in the metallothionein-1 growth hormone regulating hormone transgenic mice. An "Optimal Strain Environment" model is proposed to help explain the observed results. From the results of the present and previous studies, we believe that the primary goal of bone adaptation to a biological perturbation, at least in mice, is to ensure proper mechanical function by maintaining structural integrity. In the process of maintaining a targeted whole bone structural integrity, the mechanical integrity of tissue may be sacrificed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K F Tseng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- D A Bushinsky
- Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
A mathematical model is presented for the transport and precipitation of mineral in refilling osteons. One goal of this model was to explain calcification "halos," in which the bone near the haversian canal is more highly mineralized than the more peripheral lamellae, which have been mineralizing longer. It was assumed that the precipitation rate of mineral is proportional to the difference between the local concentration of calcium ions and an equilibrium concentration and that the transport of ions is by either diffusion or some other concentration gradient-dependent process. Transport of ions was assumed to be slowed by the accumulation of mineral in the matrix along the transport path. The model also mimics bone apposition, slowing of apposition during refilling, and mineralization lag time. It was found that simple diffusion cannot account for the transport of calcium ions into mineralizing bone, because the diffusion coefficient is two orders of magnitude too low. If a more rapid concentration gradient-driven means of transport exists, the model demonstrates that osteonal geometry and variable rate of refilling work together to produce calcification halos, as well as the primary and secondary calcification effect reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Martin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sacramento
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mörike M, Schulz M, Brenner RE, Bushart GB, Teller WM, Vetter U. In vitro expression of osteoblastic markers in cells isolated from normal fetal and postnatal human bone and from bone of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. J Cell Physiol 1993; 157:439-44. [PMID: 8253854 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041570302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We studied the expression of osteoblastic markers in cultured cells isolated from the bone of 15 patients with different clinical forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and of seven fetal and postnatal controls. Cultured bone cells of ten OI patients produced abnormal collagen type I. Similar to controls, OI bone cells produced predominantly collagen type I with traces of collagen types III and V. The 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3-stimulated synthesis of osteocalcin, a specific osteoblastic marker protein, was similar in OI bone cells and age-matched controls. Bone cells from fetal controls and from patients with the perinatal lethal OI type II produced less osteocalcin than bone cells from postnatal controls and surviving OI patients. OI bone cells responded to parathyroid hormone (PTH) by increased production of cAMP similar to controls. Bone cells from fetal controls and from OI type II donors showed a decreased response to PTH. Activity of the bone-liver-kidney isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP) was detected in all control and OI bone cells. The expression of all osteoblastic markers was similar in bone cells producing abnormal collagen type I. These observations show that OI bone cells in vitro express a pattern of osteoblastic markers similar to age-matched control bone cells indicating that osteoblastic differentiation is not altered by the underlying defects of collagen type I metabolism in OI bone cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mörike
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wells MD, Posnick JC, Goldstein J, Slate RK, Keeley FW, Thorner PS. Fetal bone gap healing in utero. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993; 51:1235-42; discussion 1243. [PMID: 8229396 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(10)80294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The healing of fetal tibial bone after osteotomy with and without stable fixation has been reported previously. The present study was designed to evaluate fetal bone gap healing using a tibial ostectomy model in fetal sheep. Eighteen time-dated pregnant ewes (20 fetuses, 34 experimental hind limbs) underwent intrauterine surgery at 95 days gestation (term, 145 days). A titanium miniplate was applied to the anterior aspect of the tibia and a longitudinal length of bone approximately 1.5 times its diameter was removed and the incision closed. The pregnancies were then allowed to progress until the ewe was killed at postoperative weeks 1, 2, 4, or 7. Assessments at that time included evaluation of gross morphology, histologic and radiologic appearance, and collagen analysis and hydroxyproline determination of the tissue within and at the borders of the gap. At 7 weeks, seven of nine bone gap specimens exhibited radiographic and histologic evidence of union with woven and lamellar bone. Hydroxyproline concentrations gradually increased within the bone gap over the period of the study. At all intervals, type I collagen composed over 90% of the collagen within the healing bony gap. Histologically and biochemically, the process appears to be similar to postnatal bone healing, albeit occurring at an accelerated rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Wells
- Department of Surgery, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The ability of physical stimuli demonstrated as potently osteogenic in the young adult skeleton were evaluated for their capacity to stimulate new bone formation in the aging skeleton. Using the externally loadable, functionally isolated turkey ulna preparation, the ulnae of 1-year-old (n = 5), and 3-year-old (n = 3) turkeys were subjected to 300 cycles per day of a load regimen generating a high but physiologic level of normal strain (3,000 microstrain). Following 8 weeks of loading, areal properties and histomorphometry were performed on both the experimental and intact control ulnae. Bone cross-sectional areas in the 1-year-old animal increased by 30.2% (+/- 7.8%) as compared with the intact contralateral control ulnae, whereas the areal properties of the older skeleton remained essentially unchanged (-3.3 +/- 7.5%). Renewed bone formation in the experimental ulnae of the 1-year-old animals was characterized by the activation of periosteal bone apposition (4.0 +/- 0.4 microns/day). In comparison, periosteal bone formation in the 3-year-old males was activated in only 1 animal, and this at a significantly attenuated level (less than 0.8 micron/day). The histomorphometric evaluation of intracortical bone remodeling revealed no significant differences between the control and experimental ulnae in either age group. However, osteon mean wall thickness and bone formation sigma were significantly increased in the 3-year-old males (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, these data suggest that a physical signal that is clearly osteogenic in the young adult skeleton is hardly acknowledged in older bone tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C T Rubin
- Department of Orthopaedics, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-8181
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rubin CT, McLeod KJ, Bain SD. Functional strains and cortical bone adaptation: epigenetic assurance of skeletal integrity. J Biomech 1990; 23 Suppl 1:43-54. [PMID: 2081744 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(90)90040-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton's ability to withstand the extremes of physical activity is achieved in large part by its capacity to perceive and respond to small changes in its mechanical environment. Strains generated by functional activity would represent an efficient, epigenetic parameter by which the bone cell population could assess the skeleton's structural effectiveness, and subsequently use this information to influence its morphology. However, contrary to our normal interpretation of Wolff's Law, minimizing strain does not appear to be the paramount goal of adaptation, but rather skeletal morphology interacts with functional activity to generate a certain, perhaps cytologically beneficial, type of strain. Three sections are used to address the epigenetic impact on bone morphology: (a) at the level of the organ, the strains generated by functional activity; (b) at the level of the tissue, osteoregulatory parameters of the strain environment; and (c) at the level of the cell, the mechanisms by which physical information is translated to an adaptive response. Only when we understand the mechanisms and objectives of tissue adaptation in the normal skeleton can our perspective and treatment of functionally influenced skeletal pathologies (e.g. osteopenias, fractures) be enhanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C T Rubin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-8181
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abiodun PO, Olomu N. Alpha2 HS-glycoprotein in children with vitamin D deficiency rickets. Nutr Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(89)80136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
48
|
Kälebo P, Jacobsson M. Recurrent bone regeneration in titanium implants. Experimental model for determining the healing capacity of bone using quantitative microradiography. Biomaterials 1988; 9:295-301. [PMID: 3214653 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(88)90022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An experimental technique for quantitative assessment of bone repair was tested. The recurrent regeneration capacity of cortical bone was analyzed in consecutive 3 wk periods, using an osseointegrated titanium implant, the Bone Harvest Chamber (BHC), in the proximal tibial metaphysis of the rabbit. The BHC is a divisible implant penetrated by a canal into which newly formed bone tissue will grow during a 3 wk healing period. The newly formed bone tissue may easily be collected (harvested) without the animal being killed. After 3 wk, bone tissue can again be harvested, in principle, indefinitely. Intact harvested specimens were quantified by microradiography-videodensitometry, yielding a total specimen mass in mg aluminium equivalent. This unit correlated very well to a specimen dry weight (r = 0.996) and an average mineralized bone density (r = 0.937). The specimens were also examined by correlative histology. Three weeks after implant insertion, the chambers had become integrated in the bone tissue but the average bone mass varied widely, influenced by the surgical insertion trauma. Six weeks after insertion, the greatest average bone mass was found, indicating an intense ongoing osseointegration. The amount of bone regenerated at later harvests was fairly equal, indicating a stabilization of the implant bed to the repeat stimulus, i.e. harvesting. Bone regeneration differed significantly between animals, but also intraindividual variations, i.e. different amounts of bone formed in the same chamber, were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kälebo
- Department of Anatomy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Bockman RS, Boskey AL, Blumenthal NC, Alcock NW, Warrell RP. Gallium increases bone calcium and crystallite perfection of hydroxyapatite. Calcif Tissue Int 1986; 39:376-81. [PMID: 3026592 DOI: 10.1007/bf02555174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gallium, a group IIIa metal, is known to interact with hydroxyapatite as well as the cellular components of bone. In recent studies we have found gallium to be a potent inhibitor of bone resorption that is clinically effective in controlling cancer-related hypercalcemia as well as the accelerated bone resorption associated with bone metastases. To begin to elucidate gallium's mechanism of action we have examined its effects on bone mineral properties. After short-term (14 days) administration to rats, gallium nitrate produced measurable changes in bone mineral properties. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, low levels of gallium were noted to preferentially accumulate in regions of active bone formation, 0.54 +/- .07 microgram/mg bone in the metaphyses versus 0.21 +/- .03 microgram/mg bone in the diaphyses, P less than 0.001. The bones of treated animals had increased calcium content measured spectrophotometrically. Rats injected with radiolabeled calcium during gallium treatment had greater 45-calcium content compared to control animals. By wide-angle X-ray analyses, larger and/or more perfect hydroxyapatite was observed. The combined effects of gallium on bone cell function and bone mineral may explain its clinical efficacy in blocking accelerated bone resorption.
Collapse
|