1
|
Khongkarat P, Sadangrit P, Puthong S, Meemongkolkiat T, Phuwapraisirisan P, Chanchao C. Anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanogenic effects of piperine isolated from Piper nigrum on B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33423. [PMID: 39027450 PMCID: PMC11254712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The essential function of melanin is to protect our skin against harmful environmental factors. However, excessive melanin production can cause undesirable hyperpigmentation issues, such as freckles and melasma. Although several compounds are used to control melanin production by inhibiting tyrosinase (TYR), their efficacy is limited by skin-related adverse effects and cytotoxicity concerns. Consequently, searching for new natural compounds with an effective TYR inhibitor (TYR-I) activity but less harmful effects continues. Plant-based natural extracts are an alternative that are in great demand due to their safety and diverse biological properties. This study assessed ten isolated plant compounds for their TYR-I activities using an in vitro mushroom TYR inhibition assay. Among these compounds, piperine (400 μM) demonstrated the highest TYR-I activity, with a potency of 36.27 ± 1.96 %. Hence, this study examined the effect of piperine on melanogenesis in melanocyte stimulating hormone-treated B16F10 melanoma cells and using kojic acid as a positive reference. Cell viability was evaluated through the standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Measurements of cellular TYR activity and melanin content were performed and related to changes in the transcriptional expression levels of melanogenesis-related genes, assessed via quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase (RT-q)PCR analysis. The results revealed that piperine at a concentration of 44 μM significantly reduced cellular TYR activity by 21.51 ± 2.00 % without causing cytotoxicity. Additionally, at the same concentration, piperine significantly decreased the intracellular melanin content by 37.52 ± 2.53 % through downregulating transcription levels of TYR and TYR-related protein 1 (TRP-1) but not TRP-2. Kojic acid, at a concentration of 1407 μM, induced a significant decrease in the melanin content and cellular TYR activity by suppressing all three melanogenesis-related genes. These findings suggest that piperine has potential as a potent depigmenting agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phanthiwa Khongkarat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ponglada Sadangrit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Songchan Puthong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thitipan Meemongkolkiat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Preecha Phuwapraisirisan
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanpen Chanchao
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang T, Li Y, Guo J, Sun W, Lv Y. Synthetic Polymer Nanoparticles as an Abiotic Artificial Inhibitor of Tyrosinase. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303615. [PMID: 38174888 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An innovative methodology is presented for synthesizing synthetic polymer nanoparticles (TINPs) as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. This inhibition strategy combines the integration of two distinct functionalities, phenol, and phenylboronic acid, within the TINPs structure. The phenyl group mimics the natural monophenol substrate, forming a strong coordination with the catalytic copper ion, significantly inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Additionally, phenylboronic acid interacts with catechol, another tyrosinase substrate, further reducing enzyme efficiency. The shared benzene ring in phenyl and phenylboronic acid enhances binding to tyrosinase's hydrophobic pocket near its copper active site, contributing to potent inhibition. TINPs exhibit exceptional performance, boasting an impressive IC50 value of 3.5×10-8 m and an inhibition constant of 9.8×10-9 m. Validation of the approach is unequivocally demonstrated through the successful inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin production, substantiated in both in vitro and in vivo scenarios. The mechanism of TINP inhibition is elucidated through circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This study introduces a versatile design approach for developing abiotic polymer-based enzyme inhibitors, expanding possibilities in enzyme inhibition research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, National Energy Research and Development Center for Biorefinery, International Joint Bioenergy Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, National Energy Research and Development Center for Biorefinery, International Joint Bioenergy Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weiliang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongqin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, National Energy Research and Development Center for Biorefinery, International Joint Bioenergy Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pham TN, Cazier EA, Gormally E, Lawrence P. Valorization of biomass polyphenols as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103843. [PMID: 38000718 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinases (TYRs; EC 1.14.18.1) catalyze two sequential oxidative reactions of the melanin biosynthesis pathway and play an important role in mammalian pigmentation and enzymatic browning of fruit and vegetables. Inhibition of TYR activity is therefore an attractive target for new drugs and/or food ingredients. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that TYR regulation could be a novel target for treatments of cancer and Parkinson's disease. Biomasses, notably industrial byproducts and biowaste, are good sustainable sources of phytochemicals that may be valorized into bioactive compounds including TYR inhibitors. This review presents potential applications of biomass-derived polyphenols targeting TYR inhibition. Insights into structure-activity relationships of several polyphenols and their glycosides are highlighted. Finally, some remarks and perspectives on research into new TYR inhibitors from biomass waste are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Nhat Pham
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
| | - Elisabeth A Cazier
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France; Nantes Université, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gormally
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
| | - Philip Lawrence
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mermer A, Demirci S. Recent advances in triazoles as tyrosinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115655. [PMID: 37482020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosinase enzyme, which is widely found in microorganisms, animals and plants, has a significant position in melanogenesis, plays an important role in undesirable browning of fruits and vegetables, antibiotic resistance, skin pigment formation, sclerotization of cuticle, neurodegeneration, etc. Therefore, with the wide potential application fields of tyrosinase in food, agriculture, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, which has become the target enzyme for the development of therapeutic agents such as antibrowning, anticancer, antibacterial, skin whitening, insecticides, etc., a large number of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors have been widely reported in recent years. The triazole ring, which has a broad spectrum of biological action, is of increasing interest in the synthesis of new tyrosinase inhibitors. In this review, tyrosinase inhibition effects, structure-activity relationships, enzyme inhibition kinetics and mechanisms of action of 1,2,3- or 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were investigated. The data gathered is anticipated to supply rational guidance and an influential strategy for the development of novel, potent and safe tyrosinase inhibitors for better practical application in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Mermer
- Experimental Medicine Application & Research Center, Validebağ Research Park, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkiye; Department of Biotechnology, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Serpil Demirci
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational High School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wold-McGimsey F, Krosch C, Alarcón-Reverte R, Ravet K, Katz A, Stromberger J, Mason RE, Pearce S. Multi-target genome editing reduces polyphenol oxidase activity in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1247680. [PMID: 37786514 PMCID: PMC10541959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1247680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Polyphenol oxidases (PPO) are dual activity metalloenzymes that catalyse the production of quinones. In plants, PPO activity may contribute to biotic stress resistance and secondary metabolism but is undesirable for food producers because it causes the discolouration and changes in flavour profiles of products during post-harvest processing. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), PPO released from the aleurone layer of the grain during milling results in the discolouration of flour, dough, and end-use products, reducing their value. Loss-of-function mutations in the PPO1 and PPO2 paralogous genes on homoeologous group 2 chromosomes confer reduced PPO activity in the wheat grain. However, limited natural variation and the proximity of these genes complicates the selection of extremely low-PPO wheat varieties by recombination. The goal of the current study was to edit all copies of PPO1 and PPO2 to drive extreme reductions in PPO grain activity in elite wheat varieties. Results A CRISPR/Cas9 construct with one single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting a conserved copper binding domain was used to edit all seven PPO1 and PPO2 genes in the spring wheat cultivar 'Fielder'. Five of the seven edited T1 lines exhibited significant reductions in PPO activity, and T2 lines had PPO activity up to 86.7% lower than wild-type. The same construct was transformed into the elite winter wheat cultivars 'Guardian' and 'Steamboat', which have five PPO1 and PPO2 genes. In these varieties PPO activity was reduced by >90% in both T1 and T2 lines. In all three varieties, dough samples from edited lines exhibited reduced browning. Discussion This study demonstrates that multi-target editing at late stages of variety development could complement selection for beneficial alleles in crop breeding programs by inducing novel variation in loci inaccessible to recombination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Wold-McGimsey
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Caitlynd Krosch
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Rocío Alarcón-Reverte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Ravet
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Andrew Katz
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - John Stromberger
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Richard Esten Mason
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Q, Wang C, Cui Q, Fan Y, Zhang J, Rao G. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Polyphenol Oxidase Gene Family in Olea europaea Provides Insights into the Mechanism of Enzymatic Browning in Olive Fruit. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1661. [PMID: 37759964 PMCID: PMC10525835 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Browning of olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit reduces the sensory and nutritional qualities of olive oil, thereby increasing production costs. Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are the key enzymes that catalyze phenolic substance oxidation and mediate enzymatic browning in olive fruit, but the exact regulatory mechanism remains unclear. The main challenge is the lack of comprehensive information on OePPOs at the genome-wide level. In this study, 18 OePPO genes were identified. Subsequently, we performed a bioinformatic analysis on them. We also analyzed the expression patterns and determined the relationship among browning degree, PPO activity, and expression of OePPOs in the fruits of three olive varieties. Based on our analysis, we identified the four most conserved motifs. OePPOs were classified into two groups, with OePPOs from Group 1 showing only diphenolase activity and OePPOs from Group 2 exhibiting both mono-/diphenolase activities. Seven pairs of gene duplication events were identified, and purifying selection was found to have played a critical role in the evolution of the OePPO gene family. A positive correlation was observed between the browning degree of olive fruit and PPO activity across different olive varieties. Moreover, two important genes were found: OePPO-5 the main effector gene responsible for fruit browning, and OePPO-8, a key gene associated with specialized metabolite synthesis in the olive fruit. In short, our discoveries provide a basis for additional functional studies on OePPO genes and can help elucidate the mechanism of enzymatic browning in olive fruit in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chenhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qizhen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yutong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guodong Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Z, Lu F, Liu Y. A Review of the Mechanism, Properties, and Applications of Hydrogels Prepared by Enzymatic Cross-linking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37390351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels, as biological materials, are widely used in food, tissue engineering, and biomedical applications. Nevertheless, many issues remain in the preparation of hydrogels by physical and chemical methods, such as low bioaffinity, weak mechanical properties, and unstable structures, which also limit their applications in other fields. However, the enzymatic cross-linking method has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and the presence of nontoxic substances. In this review, we evaluated the chemical, physical, and biological methods of preparing hydrogels and introduced three common cross-linking enzymes and their principles for preparing hydrogels. This review introduced the applications and properties of hydrogels prepared by the enzymatic method and also provided some suggestions regarding the current situation and future development of hydrogels prepared by enzymatic cross-linking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anti-Melanogenic Potential of Natural and Synthetic Substances: Application in Zebrafish Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031053. [PMID: 36770722 PMCID: PMC9920495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a biosynthetic pathway for the formation of the pigment melanin in human skin. A key enzyme in the process of pigmentation through melanin is tyrosinase, which catalyzes the first and only limiting step in melanogenesis. Since the discovery of its methanogenic properties, tyrosinase has been the focus of research related to the anti-melanogenesis. In addition to developing more effective and commercially safe inhibitors, more studies are required to better understand the mechanisms involved in the skin depigmentation process. However, in vivo assays are necessary to develop and validate new drugs or molecules for this purpose, and to accomplish this, zebrafish has been identified as a model organism for in vivo application. In addition, such model would allow tracking and studying the depigmenting activity of many bioactive compounds, important to genetics, medicinal chemistry and even the cosmetic industry. Studies have shown the similarity between human and zebrafish genomes, encouraging their use as a model to understand the mechanism of action of a tested compound. Interestingly, zebrafish skin shares many similarities with human skin, suggesting that this model organism is suitable for studying melanogenesis inhibitors. Accordingly, several bioactive compounds reported herein for this model are compared in terms of their molecular structure and possible mode of action in zebrafish embryos. In particular, this article described the main metabolites of Trichoderma fungi, in addition to substances from natural and synthetic sources.
Collapse
|
9
|
Biosensors Based on Phenol Oxidases (Laccase, Tyrosinase, and Their Mixture) for Estimating the Total Phenolic Index in Food-Related Samples. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020291. [PMID: 36836650 PMCID: PMC9964280 DOI: 10.3390/life13020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant phenolic compounds demonstrate bioactive properties in vitro and/or in vivo, which creates demand for their precise determination in life sciences and industry. Measuring the concentration of individual phenolic compounds is a complex task, since approximately 9000 plant phenolic substances have been identified so far. The determination of the total phenolic content (TPC) is less laborious and is used for the qualimetric evaluation of complex multicomponent samples in routine analyses. Biosensors based on phenol oxidases (POs) have been proposed as alternative analytical devices for detecting phenolic compounds; however, their effectiveness in the analysis of food and vegetal matrices has not been addressed in detail. This review describes catalytic properties of laccase and tyrosinase and reports on the enzymatic and bienzymatic sensors based on laccase and tyrosinase for estimating the total phenolic index (TPI) in food-related samples (FRSs). The review presents the classification of biosensors, POs immobilization, the functions of nanomaterials, the biosensing catalytic cycle, interference, validation, and some other aspects related to TPI assessment. Nanomaterials are involved in the processes of immobilization, electron transfer, signal formation, and amplification, and they improve the performance of PO-based biosensors. Possible strategies for reducing interference in PO-based biosensors are discussed, namely the removal of ascorbic acid and the use of highly purified enzymes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang D, Koh E, Lee KA, Chung HS. Chemical constituents from
Betula schmidtii
and their free radical scavenging, tyrosinase inhibitory, and neuroprotective activities. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da‐Hye Wang
- College of Science and Technology Duksung Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Hie Koh
- College of Science and Technology Duksung Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ae Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition Anyang University Anyang Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Sook Chung
- College of Science and Technology Duksung Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Papaemmanouil CD, Peña-García J, Banegas-Luna AJ, Kostagianni AD, Gerothanassis IP, Pérez-Sánchez H, Tzakos AG. ANTIAGE-DB: A Database and Server for the Prediction of Anti-Aging Compounds Targeting Elastase, Hyaluronidase, and Tyrosinase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112268. [PMID: 36421454 PMCID: PMC9686885 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products bear a multivariate biochemical profile with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumoral properties. Along with their natural sources, they have been widely used both as anti-aging and anti-melanogenic agents due to their effective contribution in the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by oxidative stress. Their anti-aging activity is mainly related to their capacity of inhibiting enzymes like Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE), Hyaluronidase (Hyal) and Tyrosinase (Tyr). Herein, we accumulated literature information (covering the period 1965–2020) on the inhibitory activity of natural products and their natural sources towards these enzymes. To navigate this information, we developed a database and server termed ANTIAGE-DB that allows the prediction of the anti-aging potential of target compounds. The server operates in two axes. First a comparison of compounds by shape similarity can be performed against our curated database of natural products whose inhibitory potential has been established in the literature. In addition, inverse virtual screening can be performed for a chosen molecule against the three targeted enzymes. The server is open access, and a detailed report with the prediction results is emailed to the user. ANTIAGE-DB could enable researchers to explore the chemical space of natural based products, but is not limited to, as anti-aging compounds and can predict their anti-aging potential. ANTIAGE-DB is accessed online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina D. Papaemmanouil
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Banegas-Luna
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Androniki D. Kostagianni
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Gerothanassis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
- Correspondence: (H.P.-S.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Andreas G. Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (H.P.-S.); (A.G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao Y, Yuan L, Bai XL, Jiang XX, Zhang Y, Fang Q, Zhang Q, Liao X. Tyrosinase covalently immobilized on carboxyl functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for fishing of the enzyme's ligands from Prunellae Spica. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3635-3645. [PMID: 35852941 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, tyrosinase was immobilized on carboxyl functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles for the first time to be used for fishing of tyrosinase's ligands present in complex plant extract. The immobilized tyrosinase was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analyzer, and atomic force microscopy. The reusability and thermostability of the immobilized tyrosinase were found significantly superior to its free counterpart. Two tyrosinase's ligands, that is, caffeic acid (1) and rosmarinic acid (2), were fished out from extract of the traditional Chinese medicine Prunellae Spica by the immobilized tyrosinase. Compound 1 was found to be an activator of the enzyme with the half maximal effective concentration value of 0.27 ± 0.06 mM, while compound 2 was an inhibitor with the half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 0.14 ± 0.03 mM. Taking advantage of the convenience of magnetic separation and specific extraction ability of ligand fishing, the proposed method exhibited great potential for screening of bioactive compounds from complex matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Jiang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Fang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mughal EU, Ashraf J, Hussein EM, Nazir Y, Alwuthaynani AS, Naeem N, Sadiq A, Alsantali RI, Ahmed SA. Design, Synthesis, and Structural Characterization of Thioflavones and Thioflavonols as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17444-17461. [PMID: 35647459 PMCID: PMC9134403 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To find new potential tyrosinase inhibitors, a diverse range of 2-arylchromone-4-thione derivatives (2a-2p) were designed and synthesized by employing a multistep strategy, and the newly synthesized compounds, for the first time, were screened in vitro for their tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In this context, the newly synthesized compounds (2a-2p) were characterized using a combination of several spectroscopic techniques including Fourier transform infrared, UV-vis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies and electron ionization-mass spectrometry. All the target compounds were potent against tyrosinase as compared to the standard inhibitor kojic acid (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 12.6 ± 0.6 μM). The compounds (2a-2p) produced IC50 values in the range from 1.12 ± 0.04 to 5.68 ± 0.13 μM. Among the synthesized 4-thioflavones and 4-thioflavonols, the compound 2n exhibited excellent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with the lowest IC50 of 1.12 ± 0.04 μM that could be recommended as potential lead candidates to cure tyrosinase-mediated hyperpigmentation in the future. A kinetic study of compound 2n revealed that compound 2n inhibited tyrosinase in a competitive mode. Furthermore, the nontoxic performance of the most beneficial compounds ranging from 1 to 25 g/mL was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test method for A375 human melanoma cells for the highly efficient target compounds (2m, 2n, 2o, and 2p). Moreover, a molecular modeling study was performed against tyrosinase enzyme (2Y9X) to check the binding interactions of the synthesized compounds (2a-2p) against the target protein. Furthermore, quantitative structure-activity relationship studies were conducted based on an antityrosinase assay. The value of the correlation coefficient (R 2) 0.9997 shows that there was a good correlation between (2a-2p) structures and selected properties. The geometry optimization of all complexes was performed by using Gaussian 09. Additionally, a drug-likeness research was used to establish the potent analogues' positive action as a new antityrosinase agent (2n, 2o, and 2p).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamshaid Ashraf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Essam M. Hussein
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz S. Alwuthaynani
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department
of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Reem I. Alsantali
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang L, Qin Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Liu B, Bai M, Tong X, Fang R, Huang X. Inhibitory mechanism of two homoisoflavonoids from Ophiopogon japonicus on tyrosinase activity: insight from spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34343-34354. [PMID: 35497266 PMCID: PMC9042378 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06091k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition mechanism of two homoisoflavonoids from Ophiopogon japonicus including methylophiopogonanone A (MO-A) and methylophiopogonanone B (MO-B) on tyrosinase (Tyr) was studied by multiple spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. The results showed that the two homoisoflavonoids both inhibited Tyr activity via a reversible mixed-inhibition, with a half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of (10.87 ± 0.25) × 10-5 and (18.76 ± 0.14) × 10-5 mol L-1, respectively. The fluorescence quenching and secondary structure change of Tyr caused by MO-A and B are mainly driven by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Molecular docking analysis indicated that phenylmalandioxin in MO-A and methoxy in MO-B could coordinate with a Cu ion in the active center of Tyr, and interacted with amino acid Glu322 to form hydrogen bonding, occupying the catalytic center to block the entry of the substrate and consequently inhibit Tyr activity. This study may provide new perspectives on the inhibition mechanism of MO-A and MO-B on Tyr and serve a scientific basis for screening effective Tyr inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liling Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Yuchuan Qin
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Bentong Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Minge Bai
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Hangzhou 310023 China
| | | | - Ru Fang
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Xubo Huang
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Hangzhou 310023 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Freitas DF, da Rocha IM, Vieira-da-Motta O, de Paula Santos C. The Role of Melanin in the Biology and Ecology of Nematophagous Fungi. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:597-613. [PMID: 34232439 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a heteropolymer formed by the polymerization of phenolic and indolic compounds. It occurs in organisms across all biological kingdoms and has a range different of functions, thus indicating its important evolutionary role. The presence of melanin offers several protective advantages, including against ultraviolet radiation, traumatic damage, oxidative stress, extreme temperatures, and pressure. For many species of fungi, melanin also participates directly in the process of virulence and pathogenicity. These organisms can synthesize melanin in two main ways: using a substrate of endogenous origin, involving 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN); alternatively, in an exogenous manner with the addition of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA or levodopa). As melanin is an amorphous and complex substance, its study requires expensive and inaccessible technologies and analyses are often difficult to perform with conventional biochemical techniques. As such, details about its chemical structure are not yet fully understood, particularly for nematophagous fungi that remain poorly studied. Thus, this review presents an overview of the different types of melanin, with an emphasis on fungi, and discusses the role of melanin in the biology and ecology of nematophagous fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deivid França Freitas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Izabelli Martins da Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Olney Vieira-da-Motta
- Animal Health Laboratory - Infectious Contagious Diseases Sector, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Clóvis de Paula Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A Novel Tyrosinase from Armillaria ostoyae with Comparable Monophenolase and Diphenolase Activities Suffers Substrate Inhibition. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0027521. [PMID: 33741625 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00275-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a bifunctional enzyme mediating the o-hydroxylation and two-electron oxidation of monophenols to o-quinones. The monophenolase activity of tyrosinase is much desired for the industrial synthesis of catechols. However, the generally low ratio of monophenolase/diphenolase activity of tyrosinase limited its utilization in the industry. In this study, a novel tyrosinase from Armillaria ostoyae strain C18/9 (AoTyr) was characterized, and the results showed that the enzyme has an optimal temperature of 25°C and an optimal pH of 6. The enzyme has comparable monophenolase and diphenolase activities and exhibits substrate inhibition in both of the activities. In silico analysis and mutagenesis experiments showed that residues 262 and 266 play important roles in modulating the substrate inhibition and enzymatic activities of AoTyr, and the replacement of D262 with asparagine significantly increased the monophenolase/diphenolase catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km ratios) (1.63-fold) of the enzyme. The results from this study indicated that this novel tyrosinase could be a potential candidate for the industrial biosynthesis of catechols. IMPORTANCE Tyrosinase is able to oxidize various phenolic compounds, and its ability to convert monophenols into diphenols has caught great attention in the research field and industrial applications. However, the utilization of tyrosinase for the industrial synthesis of catechols has been limited due to the fact that the monophenolase activity of most of the known tyrosinases is much lower than the diphenolase activity. In the present study, a novel tyrosinase with comparable monophenolase and diphenolase activities was characterized. The enzyme exhibits substrate inhibition in both monophenolase and diphenolase activities. In silico analysis followed by mutagenesis experiments confirmed the important roles of residues 262 and 266 in the substrate inhibition and activity modulation of the enzyme, and the D262N variant showed an enhanced monophenolase/diphenolase catalytic efficiency ratio compared to the wild-type enzyme.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hariri R, Saeedi M, Akbarzadeh T. Naturally occurring and synthetic peptides: Efficient tyrosinase inhibitors. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3329. [PMID: 33860571 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of melanin pigment, which is the most important photo protective agent against skin photo carcinogenesis. Excess production of melanin causes hyperpigmentation leading to undesired browning in human skin, fruits, and vegetable as well as plant-derived foods. Moreover, the role of tyrosinase in the onset and progression of various diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson diseases has been well documented in the literature. In this respect, tyrosinase inhibitors have been in the center of attention particularly as the efficient skin whitening agents. Among a wide range of compounds possessing anti-tyrosinase activity, peptides both natural and synthetic derivatives have attracted attention due to high potency and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Hariri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saeedi M, Khezri K, Seyed Zakaryaei A, Mohammadamini H. A comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of α-arbutin. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4136-4154. [PMID: 33724594 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic dermatology preparations such as bleaching agents are ingredients with skin-related biological activities for increasing and improving skin beauty. The possibility of controlling skin hyperpigmentation disorders is one of the most important research goals in cosmetic preparations. Recently, cosmetics containing herbal and botanical ingredients have attracted many interests for consumers of cosmetic products because these preparations are found safer than other preparations with synthetic components. However, high-quality trial studies in larger samples are needed to confirm safety and clinical efficacy of phytotherapeutic agents with high therapeutic index. Arbutin (p-hydroxyphenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside) is a bioactive hydrophilic polyphenol with two isomers including alpha-arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl-α-glucopyranoside) and β-arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl-β-glucopyranoside). It is used as a medicinal plant in phytopharmacy. Studies have shown that alpha-arbutin is 10 times more effective than natural arbutin. A comparison of IC50 values showed that α-arbutin (with concentration 2.0 mM) has a more potent inhibitory activity on human tyrosinase against natural arbutin (with higher concentration than 30 mM). A review of recent studies showed that arbutin could be beneficial in treatment of various diseases such as hyperpigmentation disorders, types of cancers, central nervous system disorders, osteoporosis, diabetes, etc. This study was designed to describe the therapeutic efficiencies of arbutin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Saeedi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khezri
- Deputy of Food and Drug Administration, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Peng Z, Wang G, Zeng QH, Li Y, Liu H, Wang JJ, Zhao Y. A systematic review of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors and their structure-activity relationship. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4053-4094. [PMID: 33459057 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1871724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing oxidation enzyme, which is responsible for the production of melanin. This enzyme is widely distributed in microorganisms, animals and plants, and plays an essential role in undesirable browning of fruits and vegetables, antibiotic resistance, skin pigment formation, sclerotization of cuticle, neurodegeneration, etc. Hence, it has been recognized as a therapeutic target for the development of antibrowning agents, antibacterial agents, skin-whitening agents, insecticides, and other therapeutic agents. With great potential application in food, agricultural, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, a large number of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors have been widely reported in recent years. In this review, we systematically summarized the advances of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors in the literatures, including their inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, structure-activity relationship (SAR), inhibition kinetics, and interaction mechanisms with the enzyme. The collected information is expected to provide a rational guidance and effective strategy to develop novel, potent and safe tyrosinase inhibitors for better practical applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiao-Hui Zeng
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li L, Cai Y, Sun X, Du X, Jiang Z, Ni H, Yang Y, Chen F. Tyrosinase inhibition by p-coumaric acid ethyl ester identified from camellia pollen. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:389-400. [PMID: 33473301 PMCID: PMC7802545 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A tyrosinase inhibitor was separated from camellia pollen with the aid of solvent fraction, macroporous adsorptive resin chromatography, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography. The inhibitor was identified to be p-coumaric acid ethyl ester (p-CAEE) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrum. Its inhibitory activity (IC50 = 4.89 μg/ml) was about 10-fold stronger than arbutin (IC50 = 51.54 μg/ml). The p-CAEE inhibited tyrosinase in a noncompetitive model with the K I and K m of 1.83 μg/ml and 0.52 mM, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed the p-CAEE quenched an intrinsic fluorescence tyrosinase. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis showed the p-CAEE did not interact with copper ions of the enzyme. Docking simulation implied the p-CAEE induced a conformational change in the catalytic region and thus changed binding forces of L-tyrosine. Our findings suggest that p-CAEE plays an important role in inhibiting tyrosinase and provides a reference for developing pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and fruit preservation products using pollen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Yuchen Cai
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xiping Du
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Back to Nucleus: Combating with Cadmium Toxicity Using Nrf2 Signaling Pathway as a Promising Therapeutic Target. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:52-62. [PMID: 31786752 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There are concerns about the spread of heavy metals in the environment, and human activities are one of the most important factors in their spread. These agents have the high half-life resulting in their persistence in the environment. So, prevention of their spread is the first step. However, heavy metals are an inevitable part of modern and industrial life and they are applied in different fields. Cadmium is one of the heavy metals which has high carcinogenesis ability. Industrial waste, vehicle emissions, paints, and fertilizers are ways of exposing human to cadmium. This potentially toxic agent harmfully affects the various organs and systems of body such as the liver, kidney, brain, and cardiovascular system. Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathways of cadmium toxicity. So, improving the antioxidant defense system can be considered as a potential target. On the other hand, the Nrf2 signaling pathway involves improving the antioxidant capacity by promoting the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. At the present review, we demonstrate how Nrf2 signaling pathway can be modulated to diminish the cadmium toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Panis F, Rompel A. Identification of the amino acid position controlling the different enzymatic activities in walnut tyrosinase isoenzymes (jrPPO1 and jrPPO2). Sci Rep 2020; 10:10813. [PMID: 32616720 PMCID: PMC7331820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are ubiquitously distributed among plants, bacteria, fungi and animals. They catalyze the hydroxylation of monophenols (monophenolase activity) and the oxidation of o-diphenols (diphenolase activity) to o-quinones. PPOs are commonly present as an isoenzyme family. In walnut (Juglans regia), two different genes (jrPPO1 and jrPPO2) encoding PPOs have been identified. In this study, jrPPO2 was, for the first time, heterologously expressed in E. coli and characterized as a tyrosinase (TYR) by substrate scope assays and kinetic investigations, as it accepted tyramine and L-tyrosine as substrates. Moreover, the substrate acceptance and kinetic parameters (kcat and Km values) towards 16 substrates naturally present in walnut were assessed for jrPPO2 (TYR) and its isoenzyme jrPPO1 (TYR). The two isoenzymes prefer different substrates, as jrPPO1 shows a higher activity towards monophenols, whereas jrPPO2 is more active towards o-diphenols. Molecular docking studies performed herein revealed that the amino acid residue in the position of the 1st activity controller (HisB1 + 1; in jrPPO1 Asn240 and jrPPO2 Gly240) is responsible for the different enzymatic activities. Additionally, interchanging the 1st activity controller residue of the two enzymes in two mutants (jrPPO1-Asn240Gly and jrPPO2-Gly240Asn) proved that the amino acid residue located in this position allows plants to selectively target or dismiss substrates naturally present in walnut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Panis
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivanhoe K. H. Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Green Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Raising the production of phloretin by alleviation of by-product of chalcone synthase in the engineered yeast. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1734-1743. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
25
|
Yuan Y, Jin W, Nazir Y, Fercher C, Blaskovich MA, Cooper MA, Barnard RT, Ziora ZM. Tyrosinase inhibitors as potential antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
26
|
Dzimitrowicz A, Berent S, Motyka A, Jamroz P, Kurcbach K, Sledz W, Pohl P. Comparison of the characteristics of gold nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous plant extracts and natural plant essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
27
|
Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Hassan Khan MT, Munoz-Munoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Garcia-Canovas F, Saboury AA. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:279-309. [PMID: 30734608 PMCID: PMC6327992 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multi-copper enzyme which is widely distributed in different organisms and plays an important role in the melanogenesis and enzymatic browning. Therefore, its inhibitors can be attractive in cosmetics and medicinal industries as depigmentation agents and also in food and agriculture industries as antibrowning compounds. For this purpose, many natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic inhibitors have been developed by different screening methods to date. This review has focused on the tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from all sources and biochemically characterised in the last four decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Asieh Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - J. Munoz-Munoz
- Group of Microbiology, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - F. Garcia-Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. Garcia-Canovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ke Y, Yu K, Zeng W, Lian G. Protective roles of Pyracantha fortuneana extract on acute renal toxicity induced by cadmium chloride in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900706. [PMID: 31531540 PMCID: PMC6746561 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190070000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the protective roles of pyracantha fortune fruit extract (PFE) on acute renal toxicity induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in rats. Methods: Rats were pretreated with PFE and consecutively injected with CdCl2 (6.5 mg/kg) for 5 days. Results: The concentration of Cd, kidney weight, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) production were remarkably increased in CdCl2 group as well as the levels of plasma uric acid, urea, and creatinine (P < 0.001). However, the body weight and glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione peroxidase (GR) levels were markedly reduced by CdCl2 treatment (P < 0.001). Histological manifestations of renal tissue showed severely adverse changes. Moreover, CdCl2 treatment significantly decreased the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression while increased the Bcl-2-Associated X Protein (Bax), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression (P < 0.001). Additionally, the expression of Nrf2/Keap 1 related proteins Keap-1 gained a significant increase (P < 0.001), whereas the Nrf2, HO-1, γ-GCS, GSH-Px and NQO1 expression decreased by CdCl2 treatment (P < 0.05). These rats were pretreated with PFE to improve the changes caused by CdCl2 treatment. Conclusion: PFE could protect the kidney against acute renal toxicity induced by CdCl2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ke
- Graduate student, Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation and writing
| | - Kaihang Yu
- Graduate student, Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Technical procedures, acquisition of data
| | - Weiliang Zeng
- Graduate student, Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Statistical analysis, interpretation of data
| | - Guojun Lian
- Associate Professor, Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation and writing, final approval
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dolinska MB, Wingfield PT, Young KL, Sergeev YV. The TYRP1-mediated protection of human tyrosinase activity does not involve stable interactions of tyrosinase domains. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:753-765. [PMID: 31077632 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinases are melanocyte-specific enzymes involved in melanin biosynthesis. Mutations in their genes cause oculocutaneous albinism associated with reduced or altered pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. Here, the recombinant human intra-melanosomal domains of tyrosinase, TYRtr (19-469), and tyrosinase-related protein 1, TYRP1tr (25-472), were studied in vitro to define their functional relationship. Proteins were expressed or coexpressed in whole Trichoplusia ni larvae and purified. Their associations were studied using gel filtration and sedimentation equilibrium methods. Protection of TYRtr was studied by measuring the kinetics of tyrosinase diphenol oxidase activity in the presence (1:1 and 1:20 molar ratios) or the absence of TYRP1tr for 10 hr under conditions mimicking melanosomal and ER pH values. Our data indicate that TYRtr incubation with excess TYRP1tr protects TYR, increasing its stability over time. However, this mechanism does not appear to involve the formation of stable hetero-oligomeric complexes to maintain the protective function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika B Dolinska
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul T Wingfield
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth L Young
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuri V Sergeev
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Optimization of Bacillus licheniformis MAL tyrosinase: in vitro anticancer activity for brown and black eumelanin. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01657. [PMID: 31111112 PMCID: PMC6512574 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of tyrosinase in catalyzes/stimulates the eumelanin production was studied. Accordingly, bacterial sp. was isolated and identified as Bacillus licheniformis based on 16S rRNA. It could grow and gave monophenolase and diphenolase productivity in medium contained tyrosin and Cu2+ only. The tyrosinase enzymes were optimized by studying different environmental and nutritional factors. The maximum monophenolase and diphenolase productivity were obtained at 60 °C, pH9, Cu2+(0.01g), liver extract (1 g/L) and the oxygen level fixed at 20%. Also, the mannose as a carbon source increased the monophenolase production 6.2 times. For the first time, two types of eumelanin were extracted by hydrochloric acid treatment. The black and brown eumelanin weighed (0.1 g/100 mL and 0.7 g/100 mL respectively) and characterized by using FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy techniques. Their morphological structure and its elemental composition were characterized by SEM and EDAX respectively. The black melanin showed promising anticancer activity towards HEPG-2 and HCT-116 cell lines with IC50 values (6.15, 5.54 μg) compared to Doxorubicin (4.05, 4.45 μg) respectively.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hałdys K, Latajka R. Thiosemicarbazones with tyrosinase inhibitory activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:378-389. [PMID: 31015905 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays an essential role in melanogenesis. Excess production of melanin can be a reason for hyperpigmentation skin disorders in mammals and enzymatic browning in plant-derived foods. Catalyzing the rate-limiting step of melanin synthesis, tyrosinase has become the most studied target for melanogenesis inhibition. Over the past ten years, a number of synthetic thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been reported to possess strong tyrosinase inhibitory properties with IC50 values below 1 μM, placing them among the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors. This review gives an overview of tyrosinase activity and describes tyrosinase-inhibiting thiosemicarbazones in terms of their structure-activity relationships, kinetics of enzyme inhibition and mechanism of action. Results of the studies of thiosemicarbazones as tyrosinase inhibitors from over 20 research articles have been analyzed, compared and summarized in the present paper. Using thiosemicarbazones as tyrosinase inhibitors is a promising approach in developing anti-melanogenetic agents for skin-whitening cosmetics and anti-browning agents for food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hałdys
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology , Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 , Wrocław , Poland .
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology , Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 , Wrocław , Poland .
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen AY, Adamek RN, Dick BL, Credille CV, Morrison CN, Cohen SM. Targeting Metalloenzymes for Therapeutic Intervention. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1323-1455. [PMID: 30192523 PMCID: PMC6405328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to a wide range of essential biological activities, including nucleic acid modification, protein degradation, and many others. The role of metalloenzymes in these processes also makes them central for the progression of many diseases and, as such, makes metalloenzymes attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Increasing awareness of the role metalloenzymes play in disease and their importance as a class of targets has amplified interest in the development of new strategies to develop inhibitors and ultimately useful drugs. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of several drug discovery efforts focused on metalloenzymes and attempt to map out the current landscape of high-value metalloenzyme targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allie Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Rebecca N Adamek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Benjamin L Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Cy V Credille
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Christine N Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
N. Masum M, Yamauchi K, Mitsunaga T. Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Natural and Synthetic Sources as Skin-lightening Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.7831/ras.7.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosei Yamauchi
- The united graduate school of agricultural science, Gifu University
| | - Tohru Mitsunaga
- The united graduate school of agricultural science, Gifu University
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bencharif M, Bensegueni R, Guergouri M, Bensouici C. Synthesis, antioxidant, and anti-tyrosinase activity of some aromatic oximes: an experimental and theoretical study. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_46_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
35
|
Saki N, Akin M, Alici EH, Arabaci G. Partial Purification and Characterization of Polyphenol Oxidase from the Wild Edible Mushroom Lepiota Procera Using Three-Phase Partitioning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2017-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) from the wild edible mushroom Lepiota procera is partially purified and biochemically characterized using three-phase partitioning (TPP), which is an easily applied and effective method. This method includes ammonium sulfate saturation at different concentrations, t-butanol addition (1:1; 1:5), and adjustment of pH. Optimum purification parameters with 20% ammonium sulfate saturation and 1:1 t-butanol conditions led to the highest activity at bottom phase with 8.4 fold purification. Sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed the molecular weight of the purified enzyme to be 35 kDa. The partially purified PPO presented a high level of activity with L-DOPA (Michaelis-Menten constant, Km – 0.12 mM), followed by caffeic acid (0.27 mM) and 4-methylcatechol (0.46 mM) and it is classified as a catecholase type of PPO. The enzyme had peak activity at a temperature of 40 °C and a pH value of 7.0. These results demonstrate a new enzyme source and easy purification method, useful for various industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Saki
- University of KOCAELI, Chemistry, Umuttepe CampusKocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, 41380Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akin
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, 41380Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Esma H. Alici
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54300Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Arabaci
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54300Sakarya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pillaiyar T, Namasivayam V, Manickam M, Jung SH. Inhibitors of Melanogenesis: An Updated Review. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7395-7418. [PMID: 29763564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are pigment molecules that determine the skin, eye, and hair color of the human subject to its amount, quality, and distribution. Melanocytes synthesize melanin and provide epidermal protection from various stimuli, such as harmful ultraviolet radiation, through the complex process called melanogenesis. However, serious dermatological problems occur when there is excessive production of melanin in different parts of the human body. These include freckles, melasma, senile lentigo, pigmented acne scars, and cancer. Therefore, controlling the production of melanin is an important approach for the treatment of pigmentation related disorderes. In this Perspective, we focus on the inhibitors of melanogenesis that directly/indirectly target a key enzyme tyrosinase as well as its associated signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Manoj Manickam
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Montes-Avila J, Ojeda-Ayala M, López-Angulo G, Pío-León JF, Díaz-Camacho SP, Ochoa-Terán A, Delgado-Vargas F. Physicochemical properties and biological activities of melanins from the black-edible fruits Vitex mollis and Randia echinocarpa. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
Rhinocladiella mackenziei accounts for the majority of fungal brain infections in the Middle East, and is restricted to the arid climate zone between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Neurotropic dissemination caused by this fungus has been reported in immunocompromised, but also immunocompetent individuals. If untreated, the infection is fatal. Outside of humans, the environmental niche of R. mackenziei is unknown, and the fungus has been only cultured from brain biopsies. In this paper, we describe the whole-genome resequencing of two R. mackenziei strains from patients in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. We assessed intraspecies variation and genetic signatures to uncover the genomic basis of the pathogenesis, and potential niche adaptations. We found that the duplicated genes (paralogs) are more susceptible to accumulating significant mutations. Comparative genomics with other filamentous ascomycetes revealed a diverse arsenal of genes likely engaged in pathogenicity, such as the degradation of aromatic compounds and iron acquisition. In addition, intracellular accumulation of trehalose and choline suggests possible adaptations to the conditions of an arid climate region. Specifically, protein family contractions were found, including short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) (E-class), and the G-protein β WD-40 repeat. Gene composition and metabolic potential indicate extremotolerance and hydrocarbon assimilation, suggesting a possible environmental habitat of oil-polluted desert soil.
Collapse
|
39
|
Caffeic acid-assisted cross-linking catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase decreases the allergenicity of ovalbumin in a Balb/c mouse model. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:275-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Esmaeili N, Ebrahimzadeh H, Abdi K. Correlation Between Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) Activity and Total Phenolic Contents in Crocus sativus L. Corms During Dormancy and Sprouting Stages. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S519-S524. [PMID: 29142408 PMCID: PMC5669091 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.216333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme and determination of total phenolic contents during dormancy and sprouting stages in Crocus sativus corms were performed. PPO enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A25 and two isoenzymes were obtained on the SDS-PAGE, which corresponded to molecular weights of 70 and 54 kDa. The Km values of the enzyme were 4.87 and 2.12 mM for l-DOPA in dormancy and waking stages, respectively. Also, enzyme showed higher Vmax values of 0.026 (ΔOD.min-1) in dormancy compared with the value of 0.019 (ΔOD.min-1) in waking corms. Results showed an inverse correlation between phenolic contents and PPO activity. Accordingly, it can be concluded that as plant progressed through sprouting stage, in contrast to polyphenol oxidase activity, there was a significant increase in total amount of phenolic compounds, as determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and water and aqueous ethanol extractions. SUMMARY Purification of polyphenol oxidase enzyme using DEAE-Sephadex A25 in Crocus sativus corms.Characterization of polyphenol oxidase enzyme.Comparison of PPO enzyme characteristics in two different physiologic stages of dormancy and sprouting.Determination of phenolic contents.Correlation between phenolic contents and PPO activity during sprouting and dormancy. Abbreviations used: PPO: Polyphenol Oxidase, DEAE-Sephadex: Diethylaminoethyl Sephadex, SDS-PAGE: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate- Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, DOPA: Dihydroxyphenylalanine, PEG: Polyethylene Glycol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hassan Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrou Abdi
- Department of Radiopharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Phenoloxidase activity in humoral plasma, hemocyanin and hemocyanin separated proteins of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:977-985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
42
|
A Novel Enzymatic Biosensor for the Detection of Catechol Using Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanowires. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
43
|
Hunter PJ, Atkinson LD, Vickers L, Lignou S, Oruna-Concha MJ, Pink D, Hand P, Barker G, Wagstaff C, Monaghan JM. Oxidative discolouration in whole-head and cut lettuce: biochemical and environmental influences on a complex phenotype and potential breeding strategies to improve shelf-life. EUPHYTICA: NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF PLANT BREEDING 2017; 213:180. [PMID: 32025042 PMCID: PMC6979504 DOI: 10.1007/s10681-017-1964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce discolouration is a key post-harvest trait. The major enzyme controlling oxidative discolouration has long been considered to be polyphenol oxidase (PPO) however, levels of PPO and subsequent development of discolouration symptoms have not always correlated. The predominance of a latent state of the enzyme in plant tissues combined with substrate activation and contemporaneous suicide inactivation mechanisms are considered as potential explanations for this phenomenon. Leaf tissue physical properties have been associated with subsequent discolouration and these may be influenced by variation in nutrient availability, especially excess nitrogen and head maturity at harvest. Mild calcium and irrigation stress has also been associated with a reduction in subsequent discolouration, although excess irrigation has been linked to increased discolouration potentially through leaf physical properties. These environmental factors, including high temperature and UV light intensities, often have impacts on levels of phenolic compounds linking the environmental responses to the biochemistry of the PPO pathway. Breeding strategies targeting the PAL and PPO pathway biochemistry and environmental response genes are discussed as a more cost-effective method of mitigating oxidative discolouration then either modified atmosphere packaging or post-harvest treatments, although current understanding of the biochemistry means that such programs are likely to be limited in nature and it is likely that they will need to be deployed alongside other methods for the foreseeable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Hunter
- Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB UK
| | | | - Laura Vickers
- Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB UK
| | - Stella Lignou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH UK
| | - Maria Jose Oruna-Concha
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH UK
| | - David Pink
- Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB UK
| | - Paul Hand
- Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB UK
| | - Guy Barker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lineage-specific expansion and loss of tyrosinase genes across platyhelminths and their induction profiles in the carcinogenic oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis. Parasitology 2017; 144:1316-1327. [PMID: 28583212 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201700083x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase provides an essential activity during egg production in diverse platyhelminths by mediating sclerotization of eggshells. In this study, we investigated the genomic and evolutionary features of tyrosinases in parasitic platyhelminths whose genomic information is available. A pair of paralogous tyrosinases was detected in most trematodes, whereas they were lost in cyclophyllidean cestodes. A pseudophyllidean cestode displaying egg biology similar to that of trematodes possessed an orthologous gene. Interestingly, one of the paralogous tyrosinases appeared to have been multiplied into three copies in Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini. In addition, a fifth tyrosinase gene that was minimally transcribed through all developmental stages was further detected in these opisthorchiid genomes. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the tyrosinase gene has undergone duplication at least three times in platyhelminths. The additional opisthorchiid gene arose from the first duplication. A paralogous copy generated from these gene duplications, except for the last one, seemed to be lost in the major neodermatans lineages. In C. sinensis, tyrosinase gene expressions were initiated following sexual maturation and the levels were significantly enhanced by the presence of O2 and bile. Taken together, our data suggest that tyrosinase has evolved lineage-specifically across platyhelminths related to its copy number and induction mechanism.
Collapse
|
45
|
Cespedes CL, Balbontin C, Avila JG, Dominguez M, Alarcon J, Paz C, Burgos V, Ortiz L, Peñaloza-Castro I, Seigler DS, Kubo I. Inhibition on cholinesterase and tyrosinase by alkaloids and phenolics from Aristotelia chilensis leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:984-995. [PMID: 28501487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is reported in this study the effect of isolates from leaves of Aristotelia chilensis as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase enzymes. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the activity of A. chilensis towards different enzymes. In addition to pure compounds, extracts rich in alkaloids and phenolics were tested. The most active F5 inhibited AChE (79.5% and 89.8% at 10.0 and 20.0 μg/mL) and against BChE (89.5% and 97.8% at 10.0 and 20.0 μg/mL), showing a strong mixed-type inhibition against AChE and BChE. F3 (a mixture of flavonoids and phenolics acids), showed IC50 of 90.7 and 59.6 μg/mL of inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE, inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase competitively. Additionally, F3 showed and high potency as tyrosinase inhibitor with IC50 at 8.4 μg/mL. Sample F4 (anthocyanidins and phenolic composition) presented a complex, mixed-type inhibition of tyrosinase with a IC50 of 39.8 μg/mL. The findings in this investigation show that this natural resource has a strong potential for future research in the search of new phytotherapeutic treatments for cholinergic deterioration ailments avoiding the side effects of synthetic drugs. This is the first report as cholinesterases and tyrosinase inhibitors of alkaloids and phenolics from A. chilensis leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Cespedes
- Biochemistry and Phytochemical-Ecology Lab, Department of Basic Science, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Chillan, Chile.
| | - Cristian Balbontin
- Plant Production Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Quilamapu, Chillan, Chile
| | - Jose G Avila
- Laboratorio de Fitoquimica, Unidad UBIPRO-FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Mariana Dominguez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular y Desarrollo, Laboratorio 305-Sur, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Julio Alarcon
- Synthesis and Biotransformation Lab., Department of Basic Science, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Chillan, Chile
| | - Cristian Paz
- Departamento de Química y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 1011, Temuco, Chile
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Química y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 1011, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leandro Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignacio Peñaloza-Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Vegetal, Unidad UBIPRO-FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - David S Seigler
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Isao Kubo
- Natural Products Chemistry Lab., ESPM Department, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ba S, Vinoth Kumar V. Recent developments in the use of tyrosinase and laccase in environmental applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:819-832. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1261081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidy Ba
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra, Sultanate of Oman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
GUL GUVEN R, GUVEN K, MATPAN BEKLER F, ACER O, ALKAN H, DOGRU M. Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from purslane. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
|
49
|
Taranto F, Pasqualone A, Mangini G, Tripodi P, Miazzi MM, Pavan S, Montemurro C. Polyphenol Oxidases in Crops: Biochemical, Physiological and Genetic Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E377. [PMID: 28208645 PMCID: PMC5343912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic browning is a colour reaction occurring in plants, including cereals, fruit and horticultural crops, due to oxidation during postharvest processing and storage. This has a negative impact on the colour, flavour, nutritional properties and shelf life of food products. Browning is usually caused by polyphenol oxidases (PPOs), following cell damage caused by senescence, wounding and the attack of pests and pathogens. Several studies indicated that PPOs play a role in plant immunity, and emerging evidence suggested that PPOs might also be involved in other physiological processes. Genomic investigations ultimately led to the isolation of PPO homologs in several crops, which will be possibly characterized at the functional level in the near future. Here, focusing on the botanic families of Poaceae and Solanaceae, we provide an overview on available scientific literature on PPOs, resulting in useful information on biochemical, physiological and genetic aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Taranto
- SINAGRI S.r.l.-Spin off dell'Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Pasqualone
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Mangini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Tripodi
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per l'orticoltura, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy.
| | - Monica Marilena Miazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pavan
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Montemurro
- SINAGRI S.r.l.-Spin off dell'Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vetchinkina E, Kupryashina M, Gorshkov V, Ageeva M, Gogolev Y, Nikitina V. Alteration in the ultrastructural morphology of mycelial hyphae and the dynamics of transcriptional activity of lytic enzyme genes during basidiomycete morphogenesis. J Microbiol 2017; 55:280-288. [PMID: 28124773 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-6320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The morphogenesis of macromycetes is a complex multilevel process resulting in a set of molecular-genetic, physiological-biochemical, and morphological-ultrastructural changes in the cells. When the xylotrophic basidiomycetes Lentinus edodes, Grifola frondosa, and Ganoderma lucidum were grown on wood waste as the substrate, the ultrastructural morphology of the mycelial hyphal cell walls differed considerably between mycelium and morphostructures. As the macromycetes passed from vegetative to generative development, the expression of the tyr1, tyr2, chi1, chi2, exg1, exg2, and exg3 genes was activated. These genes encode enzymes such as tyrosinase, chitinase, and glucanase, which play essential roles in cell wall growth and morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vetchinkina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences IBPPM RAS, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russian Federation.
| | - Maria Kupryashina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences IBPPM RAS, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/31 Lobachevsky street, Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya street, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Ageeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/31 Lobachevsky street, Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/31 Lobachevsky street, Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya street, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina Nikitina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences IBPPM RAS, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|