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Ebokaiwe AP, Olasehinde O, Chimezie IP, Odobi UR, Nvene C, Faith E. Zinc Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Immunotoxicity by Modulating Splenic Immunosuppressive Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity, Hematological Indices, and CD4 + T Cells via Inhibition of Cadmium Uptake in Male Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1140-1149. [PMID: 37392360 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd)-induced immunotoxicity has become a matter of public health concern owing to its prevalence in the environment consequently, great potential for human exposure. Zinc (Zn) has been known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties. However, the ameliorating influence of Zn against Cd-induced immunotoxicity connecting the IDO pathway is lacking. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to normal drinking water with no metal contaminants (group 1), group 2 received drinking water containing 200 μg/L of Cd, group 3 received drinking water containing 200 μg/L of Zn, and group 4 received Cd and Zn as above in drinking water for 42 days. Cd exposure alone significantly triggered the splenic oxidative-inflammatory stress, increased activities of immunosuppressive tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDO) activities/protein expression, and decreased CD4+ T cell count, and a corresponding increase in the serum kynurenine concentration, as well as alterations in the hematological parameters and histologic structure when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Zn alone did not have any effect relative to the control group while co-exposure significantly (p < 0.05) assuaged the Cd-induced alterations in the studied parameters relative to the control. Cd-induced modifications in IDO 1 protein expression, IDO/TDO activities, oxidative-inflammatory stress, hematological parameters/CD4+ T cell, and histological structure in the spleen of rats within the time course of the investigation were prevented by Zn co-exposure via inhibition of Cd uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azubuike Peter Ebokaiwe
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Iyiagwor P Chimezie
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ushang R Odobi
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chiamaka Nvene
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ekoh Faith
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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2
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Semeniuk-Wojtaś A, Poddębniak-Strama K, Modzelewska M, Baryła M, Dziąg-Dudek E, Syryło T, Górnicka B, Jakieła A, Stec R. Tumour microenvironment as a predictive factor for immunotherapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03376-9. [PMID: 36928373 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) can be divided into two subgroups depending on invasion of the muscular layer: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Its aggressiveness is associated, inter alia, with genetic aberrations like losses of 1p, 6q, 9p, 9q and 13q; gain of 5p; or alterations in the p53 and p16 pathways. Moreover, there are reported metabolic disturbances connected with poor diagnosis-for example, enhanced aerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis or haem catabolism.Currently, the primary way of treatment method is transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) with adjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy for NMIBC or radical cystectomy for MIBC combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. However, intravesical BCG immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are not efficient in every case, so appropriate biomarkers are needed in order to select the proper treatment options. It seems that the success of immunotherapy depends mainly on the tumour microenvironment (TME), which reflects the molecular disturbances in the tumour. TME consists of specific conditions like hypoxia or local acidosis and different populations of immune cells including tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, natural killer cells, neutrophils and B lymphocytes, which are responsible for shaping the response against tumour neoantigens and crucial pathways like the PD-L1/PD-1 axis.In this review, we summarise holistically the impact of the immune system, genetic alterations and metabolic changes that are key factors in immunotherapy success. These findings should enable better understanding of the TME complexity in case of NMIBC and causes of failures of current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomasz Syryło
- Department of General, Active and Oncological Urology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Górnicka
- Pathomorphology Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jakieła
- Oncology Department, 4 Military Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Stec
- Oncology Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Corti C, Nicolò E, Curigliano G. Novel immune targets for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:815-834. [PMID: 34763593 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2006187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To overcome mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to the anti-tumor immune response, novel targets such as ICOS, LAG3, and TIM3 are currently being explored at preclinical and early-phase clinical levels. AREAS COVERED This article examines the landscape of the immune therapeutics investigated in early-phase clinical trials for TNBC. Preclinical rationale is provided for each immune target, predominant expression, and function. Clinical implications and preliminary available trial results are discussed and finally, we reflect on aspects of future expectations and challenges in this field. EXPERT OPINION Several immune strategies have been investigated in TNBC, including co-inhibitory molecules beyond PD1-PD-L1 axis, co-stimulatory checkpoints, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, combination therapies, as well as different routes of administration. Most of approaches showed signs of anti-cancer activity and a good safety profile in early-phase clinical trials. Since IO provided benefit only to a small subgroup of TNBC patients so far, identifying predictive biomarkers is a priority to refine patient-selection. Data from ongoing clinical trials, with the gradually improving interpretation of the breast tumor immune environment, will hopefully refine the role of new immune targets for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Corti
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology (DIPO), University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolò
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology (DIPO), University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology (DIPO), University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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4
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Mazzarella L, Duso BA, Trapani D, Belli C, D'Amico P, Ferraro E, Viale G, Curigliano G. The evolving landscape of ‘next-generation’ immune checkpoint inhibitors: A review. Eur J Cancer 2019; 117:14-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Azeredo R, Machado M, Martos-Sitcha JA, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Moura J, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Afonso A, Mancera JM, Costas B. Dietary Tryptophan Induces Opposite Health-Related Responses in the Senegalese Sole ( Solea senegalensis) Reared at Low or High Stocking Densities With Implications in Disease Resistance. Front Physiol 2019; 10:508. [PMID: 31118899 PMCID: PMC6504696 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High rearing densities are typical conditions of both inland and onshore intensive aquaculture units. Despite obvious drawbacks, this strategy is nonetheless used to increase production profits. Such conditions inflict stress on fish, reducing their ability to cope with disease, bringing producers to adopt therapeutic strategies. In an attempt to overcome deleterious effects of chronic stress, Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, held at low (LD) or high density (HD) were fed tryptophan-supplemented diets with final tryptophan content at two (TRP2) or four times (TRP4) the requirement level, as well as a control and non-supplemented diet (CTRL) for 38 days. Fish were sampled at the end of the feeding trial for evaluation of their immune status, and mortalities were recorded following intra-peritoneal infection with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Blood was collected for analysis of the hematological profile and innate immune parameters in plasma. Pituitary and hypothalamus were sampled for the assessment of neuro-endocrine-related gene expression. During the feeding trial, fish fed TRP4 and held at LD conditions presented higher mortalities, whereas fish kept at HD seemed to benefit from this dietary treatment, as disease resistance increased over that of CTRL-fed fish. In accordance, cortisol level tended to be higher in fish fed both supplemented diets at LD compared to fish fed CTRL, but was lower in fish fed TRP4 than in those fed TRP2 under HD condition. Together with lower mRNA levels of proopiomelanocortin observed with both supplementation levels, these results suggest that higher levels of tryptophan might counteract stress-induced cortisol production, thereby rendering fish better prepared to cope with disease. Data regarding sole immune status showed no clear effects of tryptophan on leucocyte numbers, but TRP4-fed fish displayed inhibited alternative complement activity (ACH50) when held at LD, as opposed to their HD counterparts whose ACH50 was higher than that of CTRL-fed fish. In conclusion, while dietary tryptophan supplementation might have harmful effects in control fish, it might prove to be a promising strategy to overcome chronic stress-induced disease susceptibility in farmed Senegalese sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Machado
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juan A Martos-Sitcha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, Spanish National Research Council, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Joana Moura
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Afonso
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juan M Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Domblides C, Lartigue L, Faustin B. Control of the Antitumor Immune Response by Cancer Metabolism. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020104. [PMID: 30708988 PMCID: PMC6406288 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and immune escape are two major hallmarks of cancer cells. The metabolic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, enabling survival and proliferation, are described for both solid and hematological malignancies. Concurrently, tumor cells have deployed mechanisms to escape immune cell recognition and destruction. Additionally, therapeutic blocking of tumor-mediated immunosuppression has proven to have an unprecedented positive impact in clinical oncology. Increased evidence suggests that cancer metabolism not only plays a crucial role in cancer signaling for sustaining tumorigenesis and survival, but also has wider implications in the regulation of antitumor immune signaling through both the release of signaling molecules and the expression of immune membrane ligands. Here, we review these molecular events to highlight the contribution of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming on the shaping of the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Domblides
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux University Hospital-CHU, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Lydia Lartigue
- Curematch, Inc., 6440 Lusk Bvld, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Benjamin Faustin
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
- Cellomet, CGFB, 146 Rue léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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7
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Jia H, Ren W, Feng Y, Wei T, Guo M, Guo J, Zhao J, Song X, Wang M, Zhao T, Wang H, Feng Z, Tian Z. The enhanced antitumour response of pimozide combined with the IDO inhibitor L‑MT in melanoma. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:949-960. [PMID: 30015838 PMCID: PMC6065445 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most fatal and therapy-resistant types of cancer; therefore, identifying novel therapeutic candidates to improve patient survival is an ongoing effort. Previous studies have revealed that pimozide is not sufficient to treat melanoma; therefore, enhancing the treatment is necessary. Indoleamine 2, 3‑dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive, intracellular rate-limiting enzyme, which contributes to immune tolerance in various tumours, including melanoma, and inhibition of IDO may be considered a novel therapeutic strategy when combined with pimozide. The present study aimed to assess the antitumour activities of pimozide in vitro, and to investigate the effects of pimozide combined with L‑methyl-tryptophan (L‑MT) in vivo. For in vitro analyses, the B16 melanoma cell line was used. Cell cytotoxicity assay, cell viability assay, wound‑healing assay and western blotting were conducted to analyse the effects of pimozide on B16 cells. Furthermore, B16 cell-bearing mice were established as the animal model. Haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labelling staining, western blotting and flow cytometry were performed to determine the effects of monotherapy and pimozide and L‑MT cotreatment on melanoma. The results demonstrated that pimozide exhibited potent antitumour activity via the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Furthermore, the antitumour effects of pimozide were enhanced when combined with L‑MT, not only via regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and migration, but also via immune modulation. Notably, pimozide may regulate tumour immunity through inhibiting the activities of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and Stat5. In conclusion, the present study proposed the use of pimozide in combination with the IDO inhibitor, L‑MT, as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Jia
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Ren
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Feng
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wei
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Research Center for Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
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8
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Alahdal M, Xing Y, Tang T, Liang J. 1-Methyl-D-tryptophan Reduces Tumor CD133 + cells, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κβp65 while Enhances Lymphocytes NF-κβ2, STAT3, and STAT4 Pathways in Murine Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9869. [PMID: 29959375 PMCID: PMC6026162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Methyl-D-tryptophan (1-MT) is extensively utilized in preclinical trials to deplete indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO) activity and kynurenine pathway. Since IDO related signaling pathways aren’t well understood, some clinical reports affirmed IDO inhibiting therapeutic significance. Therefore, we did use direct tumor autologous antigens vaccination and 1-MT without chemotherapy to explore biological mechanisms and immunomodulations of 1-MT that motivate antitumor responses. However, DCs antigen-uptake capability, anti-tumor efficiency, intra-tumor and intracellular cytokines were assessed. Besides, CD133+ cells viability and tumor biomarkers were investigated. Splenocytes responses and their signaling pathways such TLRs 2 to 9, NF-κβ1-2, Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β were dissected. Results evinced that a regimen of 1-MT and TAAs significantly reduced CSC CD133 + viability inside tumor microenvironment, besides increasing tumor cells necrosis and apoptosis. Expression of TGF-β, IDO, RANTES, and PDL-1 was also significantly reduced. Interestingly, 1-MT enhanced lymphocytes TLR2, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 pathways. It motivated lymphocytes’ NF-κβ2, STAT3, and STAT4 pathways, while reduced tumors’ NF-κβp65 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. We found that periphery and intra-tumor Treg cells were significantly decreased. In conclusion, depletion of indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase activity evidenced IDO relation with tumor stem cells proliferation pathways. Furthermore, 1-MT supports immunotherapeutic vaccines susceptibility and tumor specific targeting by reducing tumorgensis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alahdal
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Ability of Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Medical Laboratory department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen
| | - Yun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Ability of Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Ability of Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Ability of Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Azeredo R, Machado M, Guardiola FA, Cerezuela R, Afonso A, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Esteban MA, Costas B. Local immune response of two mucosal surfaces of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, fed tryptophan- or methionine-supplemented diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:76-86. [PMID: 28882794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses relies on an adequate provision of multiple nutrients that sustain the synthesis of key effector molecules. These needs are depicted in the already reported increase of circulating free amino acids in fish under stressful conditions. Since aquaculture and the inherent fish welfare are an emergent call, the immunomodulatory effects of amino acids on gut- and skin-associated lymphoid tissues of the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were studied under unstressed conditions and after an inflammatory insult. To achieve this goal, fish were distributed in duplicate tanks (fifteen fish per tank) and were fed for 14 days with methionine or tryptophan-supplemented diets at 2× dietary requirement level (MET and TRP, respectively) or a control diet meeting the amino acids requirement levels (CTRL). Afterwards, samples of skin and posterior gut were collected from 6 fish per dietary treatment for the assessment of the immune status while the remaining animals were intraperitoneally-injected with inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and subsequently sampled either 4 or 24 h post-injection. The immune status of both mucosal surfaces was poorly affected, although a tryptophan effect was denoted after bacterial inoculation, with several immune-related genes up-regulated in the gut at 4 h post-injection, which seems to suggest a neuroendocrine-immune systems interaction. In contrast, skin mucosal immunity was inhibited by tryptophan dietary supplementation. Regarding methionine, results were often statistically non-significant, though increasing trends were denoted in a few parameters. Overall, dietary methionine did not significantly affect neither gut nor skin immunity, whereas tryptophan supplementation seems to induce modulatory mechanisms that might be tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - F A Guardiola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - R Cerezuela
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Afonso
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - H Peres
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - A Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - M A Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - B Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Azeredo R, Machado M, Afonso A, Fierro-Castro C, Reyes-López FE, Tort L, Gesto M, Conde-Sieira M, Míguez JM, Soengas JL, Kreuz E, Wuertz S, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Costas B. Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses Undertake Different Fates following Tryptophan or Methionine Dietary Treatment: Tales from a Teleost Model. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1226. [PMID: 29021795 PMCID: PMC5623689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine and tryptophan appear to be fundamental in specific cellular pathways involved in the immune response mechanisms, including stimulation of T-regulatory cells by tryptophan metabolites or pro-inflammatory effects upon methionine supplementation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of these amino acids on the inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses in juveniles of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. To achieve this, goal fish were fed for 14 days methionine and tryptophan-supplemented diets (MET and TRP, respectively, 2× dietary requirement level) or a control diet meeting the amino acids requirement levels (CTRL). Fish were sampled for immune status assessment and the remaining fish were challenged with intraperitoneally injected inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and sampled either 4 or 24 h post-injection. Respiratory burst activity, brain monoamines, plasma cortisol, and immune-related gene expression showed distinct and sometimes opposite patterns regarding the effects of dietary amino acids. While neuroendocrine intermediates were not affected by any dietary treatment at the end of the feeding trial, both supplemented diets led to increased levels of plasma cortisol after the inflammatory insult, while brain monoamine content was higher in TRP-fed fish. Peripheral blood respiratory burst was higher in TRP-fed fish injected with the bacteria inoculum but only compared to those fed MET. However, no changes were detected in total antioxidant capacity. Complement factor 3 was upregulated in MET-fed fish but methionine seemed to poorly affect other genes expression patterns. In contrast, fish fed MET showed increased immune cells numbers both before and after immune challenge, suggesting a strong enhancing effect of methionine on immune cells proliferation. Differently, tryptophan effects on inflammatory transcripts suggested an inhibitory mode of action. This, together with a high production of brain monoamine and cortisol levels, suggests that tryptophan might mediate regulatory mechanisms of neuroendocrine and immune systems cooperation. Overall, more studies are needed to ascertain the role of methionine and tryptophan in modulating (stimulate or regulate) fish immune and neuroendocrine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Afonso
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camino Fierro-Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gesto
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Conde-Sieira
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Kreuz
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Wuertz
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Peres
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Molecular Mechanisms of Immunomodulation Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Insight into the Role of ICAM-1. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6516854. [PMID: 28761447 PMCID: PMC5518497 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6516854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) control excessive inflammation and create a microenvironment for tissue repair protecting from chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis. We examined the molecular mechanisms of MSC immunomodulatory function in mixed cultures of human adipose-derived MSC with lymphocytes. Our data show that MSC promote unstimulated lymphocyte survival potentially by an increase in antigen presentation. Under inflammatory conditions, mimicked by stimulation of TCR in lymphocytes, MSC suppress activation and proliferation of stimulated T cells. Immunosuppression is accompanied by downregulation of IL-2Rα that negatively affects the survival of activated T cells. MSC upregulate transcription of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which generate products negatively affecting T cell function. Both MSC and lymphocytes dramatically increase the surface ICAM-1 level in mixed cultures. Antibody-mediated blockage of surface ICAM-1 partially releases MSC-mediated immune suppression in vitro. Our data suggest that MSC have cell-intrinsic molecular programs depending on the inflammatory microenvironment. We speculate that MSC sense soluble factors and respond by surface ICAM-1 upregulation. ICAM-1 is involved in the control of T cell activation leading to immunosuppression or modest stimulation depending on the T cell status. Immunomodulation by MSC ranging from support of naive T cell survival to immunosuppression of activated T cells may affect the tissue microenvironment protecting from aberrant regeneration.
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12
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Sonner JK, Deumelandt K, Ott M, Thomé CM, Rauschenbach KJ, Schulz S, Munteanu B, Mohapatra S, Adam I, Hofer AC, Feuerer M, Opitz CA, Hopf C, Wick W, Platten M. The stress kinase GCN2 does not mediate suppression of antitumor T cell responses by tryptophan catabolism in experimental melanomas. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1240858. [PMID: 28123877 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1240858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism is a key process that shapes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The two rate-limiting enzymes that mediate tryptophan depletion, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), have moved into the focus of research and inhibitors targeting IDO and TDO have entered clinical trials. Local tryptophan depletion is generally viewed as the crucial immunosuppressive mechanism. In T cells, the kinase general control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2) has been identified as a molecular sensor of tryptophan deprivation. GCN2 activation by tryptophan depletion induces apoptosis and mitigates T cell proliferation. Here, we investigated whether GCN2 attenuates tumor rejection in experimental B16 melanoma using T cell-specific Gcn2 knockout mice. Our data demonstrate that GCN2 in T cells did not affect immunity to B16 tumors even when animals were treated with antibodies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4). GCN2-deficient gp100 TCR-transgenic T cells were equally effective as wild-type pmel T cells against gp100-expressing B16 melanomas after adoptive transfer and gp100 peptide vaccination. Even augmentation of tumoral tryptophan metabolism in B16 tumors by lentiviral overexpression of Tdo did not differentially affect GCN2-proficient vs. GCN2-deficient T cells in vivo. Importantly, GCN2 target genes were not upregulated in tumor-infiltrating T cells. MALDI-TOF MS imaging of B16 melanomas demonstrated maintenance of intratumoral tryptophan levels despite high tryptophan turnover, which prohibits a drop in tryptophan sufficient to activate GCN2 in tumor-infiltrating T cells. In conclusion, our results do not suggest that suppression of antitumor immune responses by tryptophan metabolism is driven by local tryptophan depletion and subsequent GCN2-mediated T cell anergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana K Sonner
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Deumelandt
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Ott
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ , Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Sandra Schulz
- Centre for Applied Research "Applied Biomedical Mass Spectrometry" (ABIMAS), Hochschule Mannheim , Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bogdan Munteanu
- Centre for Applied Research "Applied Biomedical Mass Spectrometry" (ABIMAS), Hochschule Mannheim , Mannheim, Germany
| | - Soumya Mohapatra
- Junior Group Brain Cancer Metabolism, DKFZ , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabell Adam
- Junior Group Brain Cancer Metabolism, DKFZ , Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Feuerer
- Research Group Immune Tolerance, DKFZ , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Junior Group Brain Cancer Metabolism, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology and National Center of Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Centre for Applied Research "Applied Biomedical Mass Spectrometry" (ABIMAS), Hochschule Mannheim , Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- DKTK CCU Neurooncology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology and National Center of Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology and National Center of Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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13
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Zumwalt TJ, Goel A. Immunotherapy of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Prevailing Challenges and New Perspectives. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2015; 11:125-140. [PMID: 26441489 PMCID: PMC4591512 DOI: 10.1007/s11888-015-0269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with recurring or metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have strikingly low long-term survival, while conventional treatments such as chemotherapeutic intervention and radiation therapy marginally improve longevity. Although, many factors involving immunosurveillance and immunosuppression were recently validated as important for patient prognosis and care, a multitude of experimental immunotherapies designed to combat unresectable mCRC have, in few cases, successfully mobilized antitumor immune cells against malignancies, nor conclusively or consistently granted protection, complete remission, and/or stable disease from immunotherapy - of which benefit less than 10% of those receiving therapy. After decades of progress, however, new insights into the mechanisms of immunosuppression, tolerance, and mutation profiling established novel therapies that circumvent these immunological barriers. This review underlines the most exciting methods to date that manipulate immune cells to curb mCRC, including adoptive cell therapy, dendritic cell vaccines, and checkpoint inhibitor antibodies - of which hint at effective and enduring protection against disease progression and undetected micrometastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Zumwalt
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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14
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Donovan MJ, Tripathi V, Favila MA, Geraci NS, Lange MC, Ballhorn W, McDowell MA. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) induced by Leishmania infection of human dendritic cells. Parasite Immunol 2013; 34:464-72. [PMID: 22803643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in regulating immunity, establishing immunologically privileged tissue microenvironments and maintaining homoeostasis. It is becoming increasingly clear that one key mechanism that mediates many DC functions is production of the immunomodulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). For pathogens that cause chronic infection, exploitation of host DCs is a solution to establish and persist within a host. Leishmania parasites cause a range of clinical manifestations, all involving chronic infection, and are proficient at avoiding immune responses. We demonstrate here that infection of human myeloid-derived DC with L. major and L. donovani induces IDO expression using a mechanism that involves autocrine or paracrine stimulation with a DC-secreted factor. Leishmania-induced IDO suppresses allogeneic and tetanus toxoid-specific lymphocyte proliferation, an inhibition that is reversed with the IDO inhibitor, 1-methyl tryptophan (1-MT). Furthermore, IDO expression by human DC does not require live Leishmania infection, as parasite lysates also up-regulate IDO mRNA production. Our data suggest that one mechanism Leishmania parasites utilize to circumvent immune clearance may be to promote the induction of IDO among host DC within the infection microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Donovan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656, USA
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15
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Zhou L, Ding L, Yin P, Lu X, Wang X, Niu J, Gao P, Xu G. Serum metabolic profiling study of hepatocellular carcinoma infected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5433-42. [PMID: 22946841 DOI: 10.1021/pr300683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to explore the common and specific metabolic alterations of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Serum profiling data revealed that the two HCC groups shared a mainly similar metabolic profile, providing a basis for investigating their common tumor pathogenesis mechanism and early diagnosis biomarkers. Arachidonic acid as a pro-inflammatory precursor increased significantly in the HCC group compared to the cirrhosis and healthy control. And the lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) with polyunsaturated fatty acid acyl chain with potent anti-inflammatory activity significantly decreased in the HCC and cirrhosis groups compared to those in the healthy control group, which may partly contribute to maintaining chronic inflammation and benefit the initiation and progression of the malignant hepatic tumor. The decreased ratios of polyunsaturated lysoPCs to saturated lysoPCs in HCC groups compared to chronic liver diseases infected with HBV or HCV and healthy control further demonstrated that a malignant liver tumor exerts profound influences independent of virus infection. Especially, serum endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and palmitylethanolamide (PEA) were found significantly elevated in HCC groups compared to healthy control, and in HCC with HCV compared to corresponding chronic liver diseases. AEA, PEA, or their combination showed better sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve for distinguishing HCC from chronic liver diseases, showing they are potential biomarkers to distinguish the HCC from cirrhosis infected with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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16
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Xue ZT, Sjögren HO, Salford LG, Widegren B. An epigenetic mechanism for high, synergistic expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) by combined treatment with zebularine and IFN-γ: potential therapeutic use in autoimmune diseases. Mol Immunol 2012; 51:101-11. [PMID: 22424783 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IDO1 can be induced by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in multiple cell types. We have earlier described that the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine also induces IDO1 in several rat cell clones. We now describe a synergistic induction of IDO1 expression by IFN-γ and zebularine. To elucidate the mechanism of the IDO1 induction we have studied the methylation status in the promoter region of the IDO1 gene from both human monocytic THP-1 cells and H1D2 rat colon cancer cells. Interestingly, the IDO1 promoter is hypermethylated and IFN-γ is shown to induce a significant demethylation. The synergism in effect of zebularine and IFN-γ on IDO1 expression is paralleled by a similar synergistic effect on expression of two other IFN-γ-responsive genes, the transcription factors STAT1 and IRF1 with binding sites in the IDO1 promoter region. The demonstrated synergistic activation of IDO1 expression has implications in relation to therapeutic induction of immunosuppression in autoimmunity and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tian Xue
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Huang G, Zeng Y, Liang P, Zhou C, Zhao S, Huang X, Wu L, He X. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) downregulates the cell surface expression of the CD4 molecule. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10863-10879. [PMID: 23109825 PMCID: PMC3472717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been implicated in preventing the fetus from undergoing maternal T cell-mediated immune responses, yet the mechanism underlying these kinds of IDO-mediated immune responses has not been fully elucidated. Since the CD4 molecule plays a central role in the onset and regulation of antigen-specific immune responses, and T cell is sensitive in the absence of tryptophan, we hypothesize that IDO may reduce cell surface CD4 expression. To test this hypothesis, an adenoviral vector-based construct IDO-EGFP was generated and the effect of IDO-EGFP on CD4 expression was determined on recombinant adenoviral infected C8166 and MT-2 cells, by flow cytometry and/or Western blot analysis. The results revealed a significant downregulation of cell membrane CD4 in pAd-IDOEGFP infected cells when compared to that of mock-infected cells or infection with empty vector pAd-EGFP. Further experiments disclosed that either an addition of tryptophan or IDO inhibitor could partly restore CD4 expression in pAd-IDOEGFP infected C8166 cells. Our findings suggest that downregulation of CD4 by IDO might be one of the mechanisms through which IDO regulates T cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyou Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China; E-Mails: (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (X.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-851-6776988
| | - Yaoying Zeng
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Peiyan Liang
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518000, China; E-Mail:
| | - Congrong Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China; E-Mails: (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuyun Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China; E-Mails: (C.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiuyan Huang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Lingfei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; E-Mail:
| | - Xianhui He
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (X.H.)
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18
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Guo T, Liu XF, Ding XB, Yang FF, Nie YW, An YJ, Guo H. Fat-1 transgenic cattle as a model to study the function of ω-3 fatty acids. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:244. [PMID: 22206437 PMCID: PMC3267699 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to play an important role in health. Enriched with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate expression of a number of genes with such broad functions as cell proliferation, growth and apoptosis and cell signaling and transduction, these effects, seem to regulate coronary artery disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, psychiatric disorders and various cancer. In this context, fat-1 transgenic cattle was designed to convert ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids could form an ideal model to study the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on the above functions. This study focuses on the total genomic difference of gene expression between fat-1 transgenic cattle and wild-type using cDNA microarrays, several genes were found to be overexpressed or suppressed in transgenic cattle relative to wild-type, these discrepancy genes related with lipid metabolism, immunity, inflammation nervous development and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin 300384, China
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Laimer K, Troester B, Kloss F, Schafer G, Obrist P, Perathoner A, Laimer J, Brandacher G, Rasse M, Margreiter R, Amberger A. Expression and prognostic impact of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:352-7. [PMID: 21440489 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) is a negative immune regulator and was found to be a prognostic marker in several tumor entities. In this study, we analysed IDO expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) regarding patient's prognosis. Additionally, expression of IDO like-1 gene (INDOL-1) was analysed. Tumor tissue from 88 patients with OSCC was analysed by immunohistochemistry for IDO expression. The influence of IDO expression on survival was studied by multivariate Cox regression, adjusting for established clinical prognostic parameters. Real time PCR of tumor samples was performed in a subgroup of patients to analyse mRNA expression of IDO and INDOL-1. IDO high-expression was observed in 44.2% of OSCC patients. No significant correlation was found between IDO expression and clinical stage, sex, age, tumor site, tumor size, metastasis or tumor grade. The median overall survival time was 3.1 years for patients with IDO low tumors, compared to 1.36 years for IDO high tumors (P=.028). Subset analysis of patients receiving adjuvant radio-chemotherapy showed a significant difference (P=.0046) in overall survival between IDO low tumors (3.35 years) and IDO high tumors (1.26 years). In contrast, the impact of IDO expression on survival time in patients without adjuvant therapy was not significant (P=.574). Interestingly, INDOL-1 was not expressed in OSCC. IDO high expression represents a significant negative prognostic factor in patients with OSCC, especially in those patients undergoing adjuvant radiochemotherapy. Our data support the suggestion, co-administration of small-molecule IDO inhibitors could represent a promising new strategy to increase the anti-tumor activity of radio-chemotherapy in patients with IDO positive OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Laimer
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
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20
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Kahan BD. Forty years of publication of Transplantation Proceedings--the fourth decade: Globalization of the enterprise. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:3-29. [PMID: 21335147 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry D Kahan
- Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, The University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Abstract
Even though the central nervous system (CNS) was conventionally defined as "immunologically privileged", new discoveries have demonstrated the role of the immune system in neurologic disease and illness, including gliomas. Brain tumor immunotherapy is an exciting and revived area of research, in which neurosurgeons have taken a major position. Despite the ability to induce a tumor-specific systemic immune response, the challenge to effectively eradicate intracranial gliomas remains mainly because of tumor-induced immunoresistance. This article gives an overview of the immunologic responses that occur in the CNS and their potential role in brain tumors. The main cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate tumor escape from natural immune surveillance are also covered in this article. Glioma cells have been shown to diminish the expression of danger signals necessary for immune activation and to increase the concentration of immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment, which results in T-cell anergy or apoptosis. Finally, the authors discuss most of the over-expressed oncogenic signaling pathways that cause tumor tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Albesiano
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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22
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Madec AM, Mallone R, Afonso G, Abou Mrad E, Mesnier A, Eljaafari A, Thivolet C. Mesenchymal stem cells protect NOD mice from diabetes by inducing regulatory T cells. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1391-9. [PMID: 19421731 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Displaying immunomodulatory capacities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as beneficial agents for autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of MSCs to prevent autoimmune diabetes in the NOD mouse model. METHODS Prevention of spontaneous insulitis or of diabetes was evaluated after a single i.v. injection of MSCs in 4-week-old female NOD mice, or following the co-injection of MSCs and diabetogenic T cells in irradiated male NOD recipients, respectively. The frequency of CD4(+)FOXP3(+) cells and Foxp3 mRNA levels in the spleen of male NOD recipients were also quantified. In vivo cell homing was assessed by monitoring 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labelled T cells or MSCs. In vitro, cell proliferation and cytokine production were assessed by adding graded doses of irradiated MSCs to insulin B9-23 peptide-specific T cell lines in the presence of irradiated splenocytes pulsed with the peptide. RESULTS MSCs reduced the capacity of diabetogenic T cells to infiltrate pancreatic islets and to transfer diabetes. This protective effect was not associated with the modification of diabetogenic T cell homing, but correlated with a preferential migration of MSCs to pancreatic lymph nodes. While injection of diabetogenic T cells resulted in a decrease in levels of FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells, this decrease was inhibited by MSC co-transfer. Moreover, MSCs were able to suppress both allogeneic and insulin-specific proliferative responses in vitro. This suppressive effect was associated with the induction of IL10-secreting FOXP3(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION MSCs prevent autoimmune beta cell destruction and subsequent diabetes by inducing regulatory T cells. MSCs may thus offer a novel cell-based approach for the prevention of autoimmune diabetes and for islet cell transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Prediabetic State/immunology
- Prediabetic State/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Madec
- INSERM U870/INRA 1235, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, 165 chemin du Grand-Revoyet, Oullins, France.
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Jeddi-Tehrani M, Abbasi N, Dokouhaki P, Ghasemi J, Rezania S, Ostadkarampour M, Rabbani H, Akhondi M, Tahmasebi Fard Z, Zarnani A. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is expressed in the endometrium of cycling mice throughout the oestrous cycle. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 80:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Zeng J, Cai S, Yi Y, He Y, Wang Z, Jiang G, Li X, Du J. Prevention of Spontaneous Tumor Development in a ret Transgenic Mouse Model by Ret Peptide Vaccination with Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor 1-Methyl Tryptophan. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3963-70. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Milano F, Jorritsma T, Rygiel AM, Bergman JJ, Sondermeijer C, Ten Brinke A, VanHam SM, Krishnadath KK. Expression Pattern of Immune Suppressive Cytokines and Growth Factors in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Reveal a Tumour Immune Escape-promoting Microenvironment. Scand J Immunol 2008; 68:616-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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26
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Mailankot M, Smith D, Howell S, Wang B, Jacobberger JW, Stefan T, Nagaraj RH. Cell cycle arrest by kynurenine in lens epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:5466-75. [PMID: 18676626 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Indolemine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-mediated oxidation of tryptophan produces kynurenines (KYNs), which may play a role in cataract formation. The molecular mechanisms by which KYNs cause cellular changes are poorly understood. The effects of KYNs on mouse lens epithelial cells by overexpression of human IDO were investigated. METHODS Lens epithelial cells (mLECs) derived from human IDO-overexpressing hemizygous transgenic (hemTg) and wild-type (Wt) mice were used. IDO activity was measured by quantifying kynurenine (KYN) by HPLC. KYN-mediated protein modifications were detected by immunocytochemistry and measured by ELISA. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured with commercially available kits. Cell distribution between cell cycle phases was examined with flow cytometric analysis. Immunoprecipitation followed by LC/MS was used to identify kynurenine-modified proteins. RESULTS mLECs derived from hemTg animals exhibited considerable IDO immunoreactivity and enzyme activity, which were barely detectable in Wt mLECs. KYN and KYN-mediated protein modification were detected in hemTg but not in Wt mLECs; the modified proteins were myosin II and alpha/gamma-actin. HemTg mLECs displayed reduced viability and proliferation. Cell cycle analysis of hemTg mLEC cultures showed approximately a twofold increase in cells at G(2)/M or in both phases, relative to Wt mLECs. Blocking IDO activity with 1-methyl-d,l-tryptophan in hemTg mLECs prevented KYN formation, KYN-mediated protein modification, and G(2)/M arrest. CONCLUSIONS Excess IDO activity in mLECs results in KYN production, KYN-mediated modification of myosin II and alpha/gamma-actin, and cell cycle perturbation. Modification of myosin II and gamma-actin by KYN may interfere with cytokinesis, leading to defective epithelial cell division and thus a decreased number of fiber cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Mailankot
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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27
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Ou X, Cai S, Liu P, Zeng J, He Y, Wu X, Du J. Enhancement of dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine potency by indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor, 1-MT. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 134:525-33. [PMID: 17909857 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines are currently being evaluated as novel anti-tumor vaccination strategies, but in some cases, they are demonstrated to have poor clinical efficacies than anticipated. A potential reason is immune tolerance due to the immunosuppressive enzyme, indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). The aim of this study was to determine whether blocking the activity of IDO might improve the anti-tumor efficacy of DC/Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) fusion vaccine applied to the mouse LLC model. METHODS To prepare the DC/LLC fusion vaccine, DCs were fused with LLC using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as described. The IDO expression in the DC/LLC fusion vaccine and in the vaccinated mice was detected by western blot (WB) and/or immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. This fusion vaccine, as a single agent or in combination with 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT, an IDO inhibitor), was administered to LLC mice. The anti-tumor efficacy in different treatment was determined by regular observation of tumor development and the level of splenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, which was examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. RESULTS In the LLC mice, we observed that IDO-positive cells were extensively accumulated in tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). Furthermore, WB and IHC analysis results showed that vaccination with fusion DC/LLC cells alone caused significant up-regulation of IDO in spleens. 1-MT enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy elicited by DC/LLC fusion vaccine via delaying the tumor development and inducing stronger splenic CTL responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate an IDO-mediated immunosuppressive mechanism might be involved in weakening the anti-tumor efficacy elicited by DC/LLC fusion vaccine, and specific inhibition of IDO activity might be required for development of cancer vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/therapy
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Immune Tolerance/physiology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology
- Lymph Nodes/enzymology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives
- Tryptophan/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Ou
- Center of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
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28
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Basu GD, Tinder TL, Bradley JM, Tu T, Hattrup CL, Pockaj BA, Mukherjee P. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor enhances the efficacy of a breast cancer vaccine: role of IDO. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:2391-402. [PMID: 16888001 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.4.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report that administration of celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, in combination with a dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine significantly augments vaccine efficacy in reducing primary tumor burden, preventing metastasis, and increasing survival. This combination treatment was tested in MMTV-PyV MT mice that develop spontaneous mammary gland tumors with metastasis to the lungs and bone marrow. Improved vaccine potency was associated with an increase in tumor-specific CTLs. Enhanced CTL activity was attributed to a significant decrease in levels of tumor-associated IDO, a negative regulator of T cell activity. We present data suggesting that inhibiting COX-2 activity in vivo regulates IDO expression within the tumor microenvironment; this is further corroborated in the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Thus, a novel mechanism of COX-2-induced immunosuppression via regulation of IDO has emerged that may have implications in designing future cancer vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Celecoxib
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/biosynthesis
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Male
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/enzymology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi D Basu
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, and Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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29
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Oliveira JG, Silva NM, Santos AAD, Souza MA, Ferreira GLS, Mineo JR, Ferro EAV. BeWo Trophoblasts are Unable to Control Replication of Toxoplasma gondii, Even in the Presence of Exogenous IFN-γ. Placenta 2006; 27:691-8. [PMID: 16122791 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability of RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii to invade and grow into BeWo cells was investigated in the present study using IFN-gamma, l-tryptophan, or alpha-methyl-tryptophan treatments. HeLa cells were used in the same conditions for comparison purposes. It was demonstrated that BeWo cells are more permissive to T. gondii infection, making them more susceptible to this pathogen when compared to HeLa cells. Infection rates of BeWo cells do not show any significant alteration in different protocols using IFN-gamma. In addition, BeWo treated with l-tryptophan was unable to significantly increase parasite growth. In contrast, HeLa cells treated with IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma plus l-tryptophan are able to impair or increase, respectively, parasite replication, providing evidence that this indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-dependent phenomenon is operant in these cells, whereas it is inactive in BeWo. Therefore, our data support the hypothesis that the immunological mechanisms controlling infection at the maternal-fetal interface are different from those occurring in the periphery. At the same time that operating regulatory mechanisms work inside and outside the cells located at that microenvironment to prevent maternal rejection of the concept, these events might facilitate the progression of infection caused by intracellular pathogens, as T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Oliveira
- Laboratory of Histology and Embriology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil 38400-902
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30
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Rasmusson I. Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:2169-79. [PMID: 16631737 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to suppress activation of T cells both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, this may be a way for the body to maintain homeostasis and inhibit immune activation in distinct compartments, such as the bone marrow and the interface between mother and fetus. MSCs modulate the immune function of the major cell populations involved in alloantigen recognition and elimination, including antigen presenting cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. The molecular mechanism that mediates the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs is not completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Rasmusson
- Division of Clinical Immunology F79, Huddinge University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Fujigaki H, Saito K, Lin F, Fujigaki S, Takahashi K, Martin BM, Chen CY, Masuda J, Kowalak J, Takikawa O, Seishima M, Markey SP. Nitration and inactivation of IDO by peroxynitrite. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:372-9. [PMID: 16365430 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.1.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IDO induction can deplete L-tryptophan in target cells, an effect partially responsible for the antimicrobial activities and antiallogeneic T cell responses of IFN-gamma in human macrophages, dendritic cells, and bone marrow cells. L-tryptophan depletion and NO production are both known to have an antimicrobial effect in macrophages, and the interaction of these two mechanisms is unclear. In this study we found that IDO activity was inhibited by the peroxynitrite generator, 3-(4-morpholinyl)sydnonimine, in PMA-differentiated cytokine-induced THP-1 (acute monocytic leukemia) cells and IFN-gamma-stimulated PBMCs, whereas IDO protein expression was unaffected compared with that in untreated cells. Nitrotyrosine was detected in immunoprecipitated (IP)-IDO from PMA-differentiated cytokine-induced THP-1 cells treated with 3-(4-morpholinyl)sydnonimine, but not from untreated cells. Treatment of IP-IDO and recombinant IDO (rIDO) with peroxynitrite significantly decreased enzyme activity. Nitrotyrosine was detected in both peroxynitrite-treated IP-IDO and rIDO, but not in either untreated IP-IDO or rIDO. Peptide analysis by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated that Tyr15, Tyr345, and Tyr353 in rIDO were nitrated by peroxynitrite. The levels of Tyr nitration and the inhibitory effect of peroxynitrite on IDO activity were significantly reduced in the Tyr15-to-Phe mutant. These results indicate that IDO is nitrated and inactivated by peroxynitrite and that nitration of Tyr15 in IDO protein is the most important factor in the inactivation of IDO.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/chemistry
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/drug effects
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Peroxynitrous Acid/pharmacology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/biosynthesis
- Tyrosine/chemistry
- Tyrosine/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
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32
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Ligam P, Manuelpillai U, Wallace EM, Walker D. Localisation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and kynurenine hydroxylase in the human placenta and decidua: implications for role of the kynurenine pathway in pregnancy. Placenta 2005; 26:498-504. [PMID: 15950064 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been implicated in contributing to immunotolerance in early pregnancy, but the presence in the term placenta of mRNAs for enzymes that produce other biologically active kynurenine end-products suggests other functions for kynurenine pathway metabolites. The aim of this study was to investigate the localisation of two key enzymes - IDO and kynurenine hydroxylase (KYN-OHase) - in first trimester decidua and in the human placenta across pregnancy. Using immunocytochemistry, it was shown that there was strong expression of IDO and KYN-OHase in stromal and glandular epithelial cells of first trimester decidua. In first and second trimester placenta, IDO and KYN-OHase were localised to the syncytiotrophoblast, stroma and macrophages. IDO and KYN-OHase mRNAs were also identified, and the enzymes appear to be functional because kynurenine and 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid (respective products of the activity of these enzyme) were released into the medium when first trimester placental explants were maintained in culture for 48h. In term placenta, both IDO and KYN-OHase immunoreactivities were confined mainly to vascular endothelial cells of villous blood vessels, and to macrophages within the fetal villus, whereas syncytial staining was very weak or absent. The shift of expression of these enzymes away from the syncytiotrophoblast to fetal endothelial cells in terminal villi suggests that the function of the enzymes may change from a role in immunosuppression at the maternal-fetal interface in early pregnancy, to one associated with regulation of fetoplacental blood flow or placental metabolism in late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ligam
- Center for Women's Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Swanson KA, Zheng Y, Heidler KM, Mizobuchi T, Wilkes DS. CDllc+ cells modulate pulmonary immune responses by production of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004; 30:311-8. [PMID: 12959949 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2003-0268oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between antigen-presenting cells and T cells can result in T cell activation or suppression. With the use of RNA analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, mixed leukocyte reactions (MLRs), and animal models, the current study reports that lung interstitial antigen-presenting cells (iAPCs, CDllc+) suppress T cell responses in vitro and in vivo by production of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan to its byproduct, kynurenine. IDO mRNA expression was unique to lung iAPCs, as cells similarly isolated from the liver and spleen did not express IDO constitutively, or in response to interferon-gamma. Lung iAPCs suppressed proliferation of allogeneic T cells, correlating with increased kynurenine levels; and blockade of IDO activity with 1-methyl-DL-tryptohan (1-MT) or addition of exogenous tryptophan recovered T cell proliferation in MLRs. In contrast, liver and splenic iAPCs were potent stimulators of T cells in MLRs, and IDO inhibition had no effect on T cell responses. In vivo studies showed that systemic blockade of IDO resulted in spontaneous proliferation in lung T cells and pulmonary inflammation. Finally, overexpressing IDO in lung transplants abrogated acute allograft rejection, a T cell-mediated disease. Collectively these data show that lung iAPCs contribute to local regulation of cellular immune responses by production of IDO.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- CD11c Antigen/metabolism
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
- Lung/immunology
- Lung Transplantation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Tryptophan/metabolism
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/biosynthesis
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Kena A Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West Tenth Street, OPW 425, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Uyttenhove C, Pilotte L, Théate I, Stroobant V, Colau D, Parmentier N, Boon T, Van den Eynde BJ. Evidence for a tumoral immune resistance mechanism based on tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Nat Med 2003; 9:1269-74. [PMID: 14502282 DOI: 10.1038/nm934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1688] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Accepted: 08/28/2003] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes undergo proliferation arrest when exposed to tryptophan shortage, which can be provoked by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that is expressed in placenta and catalyzes tryptophan degradation. Here we show that most human tumors constitutively express IDO. We also observed that expression of IDO by immunogenic mouse tumor cells prevents their rejection by preimmunized mice. This effect is accompanied by a lack of accumulation of specific T cells at the tumor site and can be partly reverted by systemic treatment of mice with an inhibitor of IDO, in the absence of noticeable toxicity. These results suggest that the efficacy of therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients might be improved by concomitant administration of an IDO inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Uyttenhove
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Cellular Genetics Unit, Université de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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35
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Mellor AL, Baban B, Chandler P, Marshall B, Jhaver K, Hansen A, Koni PA, Iwashima M, Munn DH. Cutting edge: induced indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase expression in dendritic cell subsets suppresses T cell clonal expansion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:1652-5. [PMID: 12902462 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.4.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mice, immunoregulatory APCs express the dendritic cell (DC) marker CD11c, and one or more distinctive markers (CD8alpha, B220, DX5). In this study, we show that expression of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) is selectively induced in specific splenic DC subsets when mice were exposed to the synthetic immunomodulatory reagent CTLA4-Ig. CTLA4-Ig did not induce IDO expression in macrophages or lymphoid cells. Induction of IDO completely blocked clonal expansion of T cells from TCR transgenic mice following adoptive transfer, whereas CTLA4-Ig treatment did not block T cell clonal expansion in IDO-deficient recipients. Thus, IDO expression is an inducible feature of specific subsets of DCs, and provides a potential mechanistic explanation for their T cell regulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Mellor
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Landay A, Chougnet C, Frankel SS, Veronese F, Shearer GM. Antigen-presenting cells in HIV pathogenesis and therapy: summary of the October 17-18, 2002, Think Tank meeting. Clin Immunol 2002; 103:243-8. [PMID: 12173298 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2002.5204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Landay
- Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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