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Yang I, Yu JM, Chung HS, Kim YJ, Roh YK, Choi MK, Park SH, Park YJ, Moon S. Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Mortality in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The National Epidemiologic Survey of Thyroid Cancer in Korea and Meta-Analysis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:140-151. [PMID: 38171210 PMCID: PMC10901652 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Many studies have shown that Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) acts as a protective factor in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), but little is known about its effects on mortality. Therefore, this study was performed to reveal the prognosis of HT on mortality in patients with DTC. METHODS This study included two types of research. RESULTS retrospective cohort study using the National Epidemiologic Survey of Thyroid cancer (NEST) in Korea and meta-analysis study with the NEST data and eight selected studies. RESULTS Of the 4,398 patients with DTC in NEST, 341 patients (7.8%) died during the median follow-up period of 15 years (interquartile range, 12.3 to 15.6). Of these, 91 deaths (2.1%) were related to DTC. HT was associated with a smaller tumor size and less aggressive DTC. In Cox regression analysis after adjusting for age and sex, patients with HT showed a significantly lower risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.96) and DTC-related death (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.77). The analysis with inverse probability of treatment weight data adjusted for age, sex, and year of thyroid cancer registration showed similar association. The meta-analysis showed that patients with HT showed a lower risk of all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR], 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.47) and thyroid cancer-related mortality (RR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.40) in comparison with patients without HT. CONCLUSION This study showed that DTC co-presenting with HT is associated with a low risk of advanced DTC and presents a low risk for all-cause and DTC-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injung Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myung Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Roh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology,Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Genomic Medical Institute Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinje Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
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Zheng J, Li G, Liu W, Deng Y, Xu X. The Expression of Non B Cell-Derived Immunoglobulins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1445:11-36. [PMID: 38967747 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Although V(D)J recombination and immunoglobulin (Ig) production are traditionally recognised to occur only in B lymphocytes and plasma cells, the expression of Igs in non-lymphoid cells, which we call non B cell-derived Igs (non B Igs), has been documented by growing studies. It has been demonstrated that non B-Igs can be widely expressed in most cell types, including, but not limited to, epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, myeloid cells, and cells from immune-privileged sites, such as neurons and spermatogenic cells. In particular, malignant tumour cells express high level of IgG. Moreover, different from B-Igs that mainly localised on the B cell membrane and in the serum and perform immune defence function mainly, non B-Igs have been found to distribute more widely and play critical roles in immune defence, maintaining cell proliferation and survival, and promoting progression. The findings of non B-Igs may provide a wealthier breakthrough point for more therapeutic strategies for a wide range of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Hematologic Disease Laboratory, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - XiaoJun Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Laumont CM, Nelson BH. B cells in the tumor microenvironment: Multi-faceted organizers, regulators, and effectors of anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:466-489. [PMID: 36917951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is rapidly expanding beyond T cell-centric perspectives to include B cells and plasma cells, collectively referred to as TIL-Bs. In many cancers, TIL-Bs carry strong prognostic significance and are emerging as key predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. TIL-Bs can perform multiple functions, including antigen presentation and antibody production, which allow them to focus immune responses on cognate antigen to support both T cell responses and innate mechanisms involving complement, macrophages, and natural killer cells. In the stroma of the most immunologically "hot" tumors, TIL-Bs are prominent components of tertiary lymphoid structures, which resemble lymph nodes structurally and functionally. Additionally, TIL-Bs participate in a variety of other lympho-myeloid aggregates and engage in dynamic interactions with the tumor stroma. Here, we summarize our current understanding of TIL-Bs in human cancer, highlighting the compelling therapeutic opportunities offered by their unique tumor recognition and effector mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline M Laumont
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada.
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Zhao C, Yu Y, Liu J, Lu G, Li T, Gao Y, Zhang J, Guo X. Diversity of complement activation in different thyroid diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108636. [PMID: 35217432 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate complement components expression in both thyroid tissues and serum from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD), and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS C1q, mannose binding lectin (MBL), Bb, C4d, C3d and membrane attack complex (MAC) (C5b-9) deposition and complement regulate proteins (CD46, CD55 and CD59) expression in thyroid tissues from HT, GD, PTC, and control groups were examined by IHC. C1q, MBL, Bb, C4d, C3a, and soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) serum levels in the HT, GD, PTC, and healthy donor (HD) groups were measured by ELISAs. RESULTS MAC deposition was detected in thyroid tissues in the HT, GD and PTC groups, but not the control group. MBL, Bb, C4d, C3d and MAC staining intensities in thyroid tissues were significantly higher in the HT and PTC groups than in the control group (all P < 0.05). The C1q level was higher in HT tissues than in control tissues (both P < 0.05). No complement component had a significant difference in staining intensities between the GD and control groups. CD55 and CD59 expression levels in thyroid tissues were higher in the PTC group than in the HT, GD and control groups (all P < 0.05). Similarly, CD46 levels were higher in HT tissues than in control tissues. Bb, C4d, C3a and sC5b-9 serum levels were significantly increased in HT, GD and PTC patients compared with HDs (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Complement is overactivated in HT and PTC, but not in GD. All the three pathways are activated in HT, and the MBL and alternative complement pathways are activated in PTC. These distinct complement activation profiles may participate in HT, GD and PTC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, No. 89 Dong Gang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jumei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Guizhi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
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Pan J, Ye F, Yu C, Zhu Q, Li J, Zhang Y, Tian H, Yao Y, Zhu M, Shen Y, Zhu F, Wang Y, Zhou X, Guo G, Wu Y. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Landscape and Its Immunological Link With Hashimoto Thyroiditis at Single-Cell Resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758339. [PMID: 34805166 PMCID: PMC8602800 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment heterogeneity of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is poorly characterized. The relationship between PTC and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is also in doubt. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to map the transcriptome landscape of PTC from eight PTC patients, of which three were concurrent with HT. Predicted copy number variation in epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells revealed the distinct molecular signatures of carcinoma cells. Carcinoma cells demonstrated intertumoral heterogeneity based on BRAF V600E mutation or lymph node metastasis, and some altered genes were identified to be correlated with disease-free survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. In addition, transcription factor regulons of follicular epithelial cells unveil the different transcription activation state in PTC patients with or without concurrent HT. The immune cells in tumors exhibited distinct transcriptional states, and the presence of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes was predominantly linked to concurrent HT origin. Trajectory analysis of B cells and plasma cells suggested their migration potential from HT adjacent tissues to tumor tissues. Furthermore, we revealed diverse ligand–receptor pairs between non-immune cells, infiltrating myeloid cells, and lymphocytes. Our results provided a single-cell landscape of human PTC. These data would deepen the understanding of PTC, as well as the immunological link between PTC and HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengxuan Yu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinsheng Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaohui Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hedi Tian
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunjin Yao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Zhu
- Surgical Department, Hangzhou Third Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoji Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Gan XX, Li YY, Li SJ, Mo SS, Feng JH, Shen F, Cai WS, Lai YQ, Xu B. Significance of DMBT1 in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Concurrent With Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:680873. [PMID: 34422633 PMCID: PMC8372325 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.680873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) concurrent with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) was associated with a better clinical prognosis. This study aimed to investigate a potential mRNA gene that affects the development of PTC, which helps PTC concurrent with HT patients have a better prognosis. Material/Methods PTC data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. And the validation data of tissue specimens were collected from Guangzhou First People’s Hospital. The thyroid tissue sections were hybridized with deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1) probes by situ hybridization. Survival rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, and the log-rank test was used to compare group survival rates. Prognosis clinicopathological factors were analyzed by Cox regression. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Gene and Genomic Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Finally, the correlation of deletion in DMBT1 expression with overall immune status, tumor purity, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene expression profile was analyzed. Results HT was significantly associated with sex, tumor foci, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), residual tumor, and tumor stage (T stage). Moreover, PTC concurrent with HT had a lower risk of recurrence versus non-HT groups. A total of 136 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were identified between HT and non-HT groups. Among them, the expression level of DMBT1 in HT groups was statistically higher than that in non-HT groups. A significant association with ETE and recurrence was revealed in the high expression and the low expression of DMBT1. Furthermore, DMBT1 was an independent predictor of survival. The overall immune activity of high expression of DMBT1 was higher than that of the low-expression group. Conclusions The PTC patients with HT had better behavior features and prognosis than those with simple PTC. DMBT1 in PTC-HT patients was a potential possible factor that inhibits tumors. High expression of DMBT1 may improve PTC prognosis by immune-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiong Gan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Yi Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jin Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Sen Mo
- General Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Feng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Song Cai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Qian Lai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou City, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Sakiz D, Sencar ME, Calapkulu M, Unsal IO, Aktas L, Ucan B, Ozbek M, Cakal E. The Effects of Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis on Clinicopathological Factors In Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:1199-1204. [PMID: 34293511 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the impact of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) on clinicopathological parameters, prognostic outcome and initial treatment responses in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS A retrospective review was made of 1409 patients with PTC, comprising 443 pathology proven PTC patients with CLT and 447 PTC patients without CLT. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 58 (8-380) months and the median age at the time of diagnosis was 43 years. The diagnosis age was significantly lower in patients with CLT (42 vs. 45 years, p:0.001). The preoperative TSH level was found to be significantly higher in CLT patients (1.71 mIU/L vs. 1.28 mIU/L, p<0.001). Multifocality, capsular, lymphovascular and perineural invasion were detected at a higher rate in the group with CLT than in the group without CLT (p:0.015, p:0.024, p:0.004, p:0.039, respectively). No difference was found between the two groups in terms of tumor size, bilaterality, extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node metastasis, disease stage and response to treatment (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrated that coexistence of PTC and CLT is very frequent. It was found that patients with PTC and CLT coexistence were diagnosed at an earlier age and the TSH level was higher. Contrary to previous studies, no positive effect of CLT and PTC combination was detected on any clinicopathological factor. In addition, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, which had negative effects on prognosis, was more common in the CLT group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davut Sakiz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mardin State Hospital, Mardin Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Erkam Sencar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Calapkulu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Ozturk Unsal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Aktas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ucan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozbek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erman Cakal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Aydoğan Bİ, Mutlu ABB, Yüksel S, Güllü S, Emral R, Demir Ö, Şahin M, Gedik VT, Çorapçıoğlu D, Sak SD, Erdoğan MF. The Association of Histologically Proven Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis with Clinicopathological Features, Lymph Node Metastasis, and Recurrence Rates of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:280-287. [PMID: 33188468 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-020-09653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) on clinicopathological features and behavior of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is still debated. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the prognosis of DTC on the presence of CLT. A total of 649 total thyroidectomized patients (379 female, 270 male) with DTC, who had follow-up data for at least 36 months were included. Clinical, histopathological data, preoperative thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-ab), thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-ab), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and presence of recurrent/persistent disease (R/PD) were evaluated retrospectively. Presence of CLT was defined by histopathology. Frequency of CLT was 32% (n = 208) among DTC patients. Mean tumor size (maximal diameter) was smaller in CLT group when compared to non-CLTs (p = 0.006). Capsular invasion, vascular invasion, tumor stage, risk groups, and R/PD were negatively associated with CLT (p < 0.01, p = 0.04, p = 0.03, p = 0.02, p < 0.01, respectively). Extrathyroidal extension was more frequent in non-CLT group when compared CLT (p = 0.052). Preoperative TSH level was positively associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and higher in patients with lateral LNM when compared to central LNM (p < 0.01). Central LNM, lateral LNM, stage 4 tumor, and intermediate- and high-risk tumor groups increased the risk of R/PH, 2.5-, 2.9-, 12.7-, 2.3-, and 4.2-fold, respectively. Presence of CLT was independently related with favorable outcomes, as the risk of R/PD was decreased by 0.49-fold. In conclusion, coexistence of CLT was negatively associated with tumor size, capsular invasion, vascular invasion, and tumor stage in DTC. Risk of R/PD was decreased by approximately half in patients with CLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna İmge Aydoğan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Seher Yüksel
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Güllü
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıfat Emral
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgür Demir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vedia Tonyukuk Gedik
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Çorapçıoğlu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Dizbay Sak
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Faik Erdoğan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Jordakieva G, Bianchini R, Reichhold D, Piehslinger J, Groschopf A, Jensen SA, Mearini E, Nocentini G, Crevenna R, Zlabinger GJ, Karagiannis SN, Klaus A, Jensen-Jarolim E. IgG4 induces tolerogenic M2-like macrophages and correlates with disease progression in colon cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1880687. [PMID: 33628623 PMCID: PMC7889146 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1880687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG4 subclass antibodies are expressed in alternative Th2 environments featuring high IL-10 expression, including several solid tumors such as melanoma. To induce tolerance, allergen immunotherapy mediates antibody class switching from pro-inflammatory IgE to anti-inflammatory IgG4. We previously reported that IgG4 drives allergic M2 macrophages toward tolerogenic states. Here we assessed the roles of IgG4 and macrophage activation in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this observer-blinded, case-control study, we analyzed total circulating serum IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 levels in CRC (n = 38) patients with (n = 13, TxNxM1) or without (n = 25, TxNxM0) metastasis, and in healthy donors (n = 21). Primary cultures of circulating monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy controls and CRC patients were further evaluated in their responses to stimulation with IgG1 or IgG4. We found higher absolute serum levels of IgG4 in patients with CRC. IgG4 enabled polarization of macrophages derived from CRC patients and healthy controls into alternatively-activated tolerogenic M2b phenotypes. IgG4-stimulated M2 macrophages were characterized by lower surface CD206, CD163, CD14, and CD11b expression and higher CCL-1, IL-10, and IL-6 production. IgG4 was less potent that IgG1 in triggering antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) of cancer cells. Further, higher z-normalized IgG4/-IgE sera level ratios correlated with the presence of metastasis (p = .0247 and p = .0009, respectively) in CRC patients. High IgG4 in CRC synergizes with macrophages in shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment and impairs anti-cancer effector cell functions. The shift of serum IgG4/IgE ratios toward enhanced tolerance induction in metastatic disease indicates a role for high IgG4 in disease progression and poor prognostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Unit of Comparative Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Division of Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Reichhold
- Department of General Surgery, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Piehslinger
- Department of General Surgery, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Groschopf
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Unit of Comparative Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Division of Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- FH Campus Wien, Department of Health Science, Section of Biomedical Analytics, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian A. Jensen
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ettore Mearini
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Urology Clinic of Perugia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Alexander Klaus
- Department of General Surgery, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Unit of Comparative Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Division of Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Complement System: Promoter or Suppressor of Cancer Progression? Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040057. [PMID: 33113844 PMCID: PMC7709131 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Constituent of innate immunity, complement is present in the tumor microenvironment. The functions of complement include clearance of pathogens and maintenance of homeostasis, and as such could contribute to an anti-tumoral role in the context of certain cancers. However, multiple lines of evidence show that in many cancers, complement has pro-tumoral actions. The large number of complement molecules (over 30), the diversity of their functions (related or not to the complement cascade), and the variety of cancer types make the complement-cancer topic a very complex matter that has just started to be unraveled. With this review we highlight the context-dependent role of complement in cancer. Recent studies revealed that depending of the cancer type, complement can be pro or anti-tumoral and, even for the same type of cancer, different models presented opposite effects. We aim to clarify the current knowledge of the role of complement in human cancers and the insights from mouse models. Using our classification of human cancers based on the prognostic impact of the overexpression of complement genes, we emphasize the strong potential for therapeutic targeting the complement system in selected subgroups of cancer patients.
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11
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Sinha A, Singh V, Tandon R, Mohan Srivastava L. Dichotomy of complement system: Tumorigenesis or destruction. Immunol Lett 2020; 223:89-96. [PMID: 32333965 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Complement system proteins, their regulators and endpoint effector complex significantly promote tumor growth by upregulation of oncogenic growth factors, activation of mitogenic signalling pathways and breakage of normal cell cycle. Contrastingly, complement cascades, initiated by anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies, also play a pivotal role in therapy response. This contradictory role of complement system possibly be a very crucial factor for the outcomes of antibody mediated immunotherapies. Herein, we reviewed the twin role of the complement system in cancer and also the genetic variations in complement system genes. Future studies should be focused on the biomarker discovery for the personalised cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Sinha
- Department of BiochemIstry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi-110060, India; SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi-110044, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Lab Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Kolmet Hospital, New Delhi-110005, India.
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12
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Roumenina LT, Daugan MV, Petitprez F, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Context-dependent roles of complement in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:698-715. [PMID: 31666715 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) highly influences the growth and spread of tumours, thus impacting the patient's clinical outcome. In this context, the complement system plays a major and complex role. It may either act to kill antibody-coated tumour cells, support local chronic inflammation or hamper antitumour T cell responses favouring tumour progression. Recent studies demonstrate that these opposing effects are dependent upon the sites of complement activation, the composition of the TME and the tumour cell sensitivity to complement attack. In this Review, we present the evidence that has so far accrued showing a role for complement activation and its effects on cancer control and clinical outcome under different TME contexts. We also include a new analysis of the publicly available transcriptomic data to provide an overview of the prognostic value of complement gene expression in 30 cancer types. We argue that the interplay of complement components within each cancer type is unique, governed by the properties of the tumour cells and the TME. This concept is of critical importance for the design of efficient therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting complement components and their signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Marie V Daugan
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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13
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Anti-Thyroid Antibodies and TSH as Potential Markers of Thyroid Carcinoma and Aggressive Behavior in Patients with Indeterminate Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology. World J Surg 2019; 44:363-370. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-019-05153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Kong L, Wu Q, Zhao L, Ye J, Li N, Yang H. Identification of messenger and long noncoding RNAs associated with gallbladder cancer via gene expression profile analysis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19377-19387. [PMID: 31498480 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in the progression of gallbladder cancer and explore the potential physiopathologic mechanisms of gallbladder cancer in terms of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). The original lncRNA and mRNA expression profile data (nine gallbladder cancer tissues samples and nine normal gallbladder samples) in GSE76633 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs between gallbladder cancer tissue and normal control were selected and the pathways in which they are involved were analyzed using bioinformatics analyses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were also predicted based on the differentially expressed mRNAs. Finally, the co-expression relation between lncRNA and mRNA was analyzed and the ceRNA network was constructed by combining the lncRNA-miRNA, miRNA-mRNA, and lncRNA-mRNA pairs. Overall, 373 significantly differentially expressed mRNAs and 47 lncRNAs were identified between cancer and normal tissue samples. The upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway, while the downregulated genes were involved in the complement and coagulation cascades. Altogether, 128 co-expression relations between lncRNA and mRNA were obtained. In addition, 196 miRNA-mRNA regulatory relations and 145 miRNA-lncRNA relation pairs were predicted. Finally, the lncRNA-miRNA-gene ceRNA network was constructed by combining the three types of relation pairs, such as XLOC_011309-miR-548c-3p-SPOCK1 and XLOC_012588-miR-765-CEACAM6. mRNAs and lncRNAs may be involved in gallbladder cancer progression via ECM-receptor interaction pathways and the complement and coagulation cascades. Moreover, ceRNAs such as XLOC_011309-miR-548c-3p-SPOCK1 and XLOC_012588-miR-765-CEACAM6 can also be implicated in the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangchao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nengping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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15
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Riihilä P, Viiklepp K, Nissinen L, Farshchian M, Kallajoki M, Kivisaari A, Meri S, Peltonen J, Peltonen S, Kähäri VM. Tumour-cell-derived complement components C1r and C1s promote growth of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:658-670. [PMID: 31049937 PMCID: PMC7065064 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of epidermal keratinocyte‐derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing worldwide. Objectives To study the role of the complement classical pathway components C1q, C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC. Methods The mRNA levels of C1Q subunits and C1R and C1S in cSCC cell lines, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, cSCC tumours in vivo and normal skin were analysed with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The production of C1r and C1s was determined with Western blotting. The expression of C1r and C1s in tissue samples in vivo was analysed with immunohistochemistry and further investigated in human cSCC xenografts by knocking down C1r and C1s. Results Significantly elevated C1R and C1S mRNA levels and production of C1r and C1s were detected in cSCC cells, compared with normal human epidermal keratinocytes. The mRNA levels of C1R and C1S were markedly elevated in cSCC tumours in vivo compared with normal skin. Abundant expression of C1r and C1s by tumour cells was detected in invasive sporadic cSCCs and recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa‐associated cSCCs, whereas the expression of C1r and C1s was lower in cSCC in situ, actinic keratosis and normal skin. Knockdown of C1r and C1s expression in cSCC cells inhibited activation of extracellular signal‐related kinase 1/2 and Akt, promoted apoptosis of cSCC cells and significantly suppressed growth and vascularization of human cSCC xenograft tumours in vivo. Conclusions These results provide evidence for the role of tumour‐cell‐derived C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC and identify them as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in cSCC. What's already known about this topic? The incidences of actinic keratosis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in situ and invasive cSCC are increasing globally. Few specific biomarkers for progression of cSCC have been identified, and no biological markers are in clinical use to predict the aggressiveness of actinic keratosis, cSCC in situ and invasive cSCC.
What does this study add? Our results provide novel evidence for the role of complement classical pathway components C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC.
What is the translational message? Our results identify complement classical pathway components C1r and C1s as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in cSCC.
Linked Comment: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18419. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18821 available online
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Affiliation(s)
- P Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - K Viiklepp
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - L Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - M Farshchian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Kallajoki
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - A Kivisaari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Meri
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Peltonen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - V-M Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
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16
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Comparative transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in renal transplant recipients in everolimus- and tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172494. [PMID: 31238062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To better define the biological impact of immunosuppression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we employed RNASeq analysis to compare the whole transcriptomic profile of a group of renal transplant recipients undergoing maintenance treatment with Everolimus (EVE) with those treated with Tacrolimus (TAC). Then, obtained results were validated by classical biomolecular methodologies. The statistical analysis allowed the identification of four genes discriminating the 2 study groups: Sushi Domain Containing 4 (SUSD4, P = 0.02), T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 1A (TCL1A, P = 0.02), adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E3 (ADGRE3, P = 0.01), Immunoglobulin Heavy Constant Gamma 3 (IGHG3, P = 0.03). All of them were significantly down-regulated in patients treated with EVE compared to TAC. The Area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) of the final model based on these 4 genes was 73.1% demonstrating its good discriminative power. RT-PCR and ELISA validated transcriptomic results. Additionally, an in vitro model confirmed that EVE significantly down-regulates (P<0.001) TCL1A, SUSD4, ADGRE3 and IgHG3 in PBMCs as well as in T cells and monocytes isolated from healthy subjects. Taken together, our data, revealed, for the first time, a new four gene-based transcriptomic fingerprint down-regulated by EVE in PBMCs of renal transplant patients that could improve the available knowledge regarding some of the biological/cellular effects of the mTOR-Is (including their antineoplastic and immune-regulatory properties).
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17
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Lim ES, Shah SG, Waterhouse M, Akker S, Drake W, Plowman N, Berney DM, Richards P, Adams A, Nowosinska E, Brennan C, Druce M. Impact of thyroiditis on 131I uptake during ablative therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:571-578. [PMID: 30965284 PMCID: PMC6499916 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is usually treated by thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine ablation and generally has a good prognosis. It may now be possible to limit the amount of treatment without impacting on efficacy. It is not known whether coexistent thyroiditis impacts on radioiodine uptake or on its potential efficacy, but this could provide a rationale for modification to current therapeutic protocols. DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of radioiodine uptake on imaging after radioiodine ablation for DTC in patients with and without concurrent thyroiditis. All patients with histologically confirmed DTC treated with radioiodine ablation after thyroidectomy in a single centre from 2012 to 2015 were included. The primary outcome assessed was the presence of low or no iodine uptake on post-ablation scan, as reported by a nuclear medicine physician blinded to the presence or absence of thyroiditis. RESULTS One hundred thirty patients with available histopathology results were included. Thyroiditis was identified in 42 post-operative specimens and 15 of these patients had low or no iodine uptake on post-ablation scan, compared to only 2 of 88 patients without thyroiditis (P < 0.0001) with further data analysis dividing the groups by ablation activity received (1100 MBq or 3000 MBq). CONCLUSIONS Concurrent thyroiditis may impair the uptake of radioactive iodine in management of DTC. Given that patients with DTC and thyroiditis already have a good prognosis, adopting a more selective approach to this step in therapy may be indicated. Large, longitudinal studies would be required to determine if omitting radioactive iodine therapy from those patients with concurrent thyroiditis has a measurable impact on mortality from thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie S Lim
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Shanty G Shah
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - Mona Waterhouse
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Scott Akker
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - William Drake
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - Nick Plowman
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Berney
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - Polly Richards
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Ashok Adams
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Ewa Nowosinska
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Carmel Brennan
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Maralyn Druce
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Druce:
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18
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Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Pio R, Lecanda F. Complement in Metastasis: A Comp in the Camp. Front Immunol 2019; 10:669. [PMID: 31001273 PMCID: PMC6457318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system represents a pillar of the innate immune response. This system, critical for host defense against pathogens, encompasses more than 50 soluble, and membrane-bound proteins. Emerging evidence underscores its clinical relevance in tumor progression and its role in metastasis, one of the hallmarks of cancer. The multistep process of metastasis entails the acquisition of advantageous functions required for the formation of secondary tumors. Thus, targeting components of the complement system could impact not only on tumor initiation but also on several crucial steps along tumor dissemination. This novel vulnerability could be concomitantly exploited with current strategies overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression to provide a substantial clinical benefit in the treatment of metastatic disease. In this review, we offer a tour d'horizon on recent advances in this area and their prospective potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Yang R, Huang J, Ma H, Li S, Gao X, Liu Y, Shen J, Liao A. Is complement C1q a potential marker for tumor burden and immunodeficiency in multiple myeloma? Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:1812-1818. [PMID: 30628497 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1543883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) patients are immunodeficient. Complement C1q is an important cofactor of both nonspecific and humoral immunity, and it participates in the immunomodulation of multiple tumors. Thus, this study aimed to determine the risk factors and clinical significance of C1q expression in MM patients. In total, 193 MM patients were examined. The mean value of C1q in the patient group (130.46 ± 36.17 mg/L), was lower than that in the control group (anemia and nonmalignant hematologic disease). C1q dynamically changed with different MM stages and was recovered to normal levels when the disease was in remission; however, it decreased again after disease progression. The risk factors of C1q reduction included Durie-Salmon stage and the immunoglobulin type of the disease. In conclusion, C1q appears to be a useful biomarker of tumor burden and a prognostic factor of disease relapse. C1q is a potential marker of the immunodeficiency status in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Yang
- a Department of Hematology , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jin Huang
- b Department of Radiotherapy , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Huanxin Ma
- a Department of Hematology , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Shiwen Li
- a Department of Hematology , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xin Gao
- a Department of Hematology , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yingshu Liu
- c Department of Laboratory , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jing Shen
- a Department of Hematology , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Aijun Liao
- a Department of Hematology , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
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20
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Song E, Oh HS, Jeon MJ, Chung KW, Hong SJ, Ryu JS, Baek JH, Lee JH, Kim WG, Kim WB, Shong YK, Kim TY. The value of preoperative antithyroidperoxidase antibody as a novel predictor of recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1414-1420. [PMID: 30357831 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The link between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is widely recognized. Considering the strong association between raised antithyroidperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) and CLT, we postulated that the preoperative TPOAb can predict the prognosis of PTC, particularly for recurrence. A total of 2,070 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for classical type PTC with tumor size ≥1 cm and with available data on preoperative TPOAb and TgAb were enrolled to compare disease-free survival (DFS) according to the presence of preoperative TPOAb, TgAb, and coexistent CLT. Patients with positive preoperative TPOAb had a significantly better DFS compared to patients without positive preoperative TPOAb (hazard ratio (HR) 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.94, p = 0.028) while no difference in DFS was found according to preoperative TgAb status. Positive preoperative TPOAb was an independent prognostic factor for structural persistent/recurrent disease after adjustment for major preoperative risk factors such as age, sex, and tumor size (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.99, p = 0.048). Although the coexistence of CLT lowered the risk for structural persistence/recurrence in univariate analysis (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31-0.86, p = 0.012), it was not an independent favorable prognostic factor by multivariate analysis (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.38-1.10, p = 0.106). However, when coexistent CLT was combined with positive preoperative TPOAb, it indicated an independent protective role in structural persistent/recurrent disease (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.98, p = 0.045). Our study clearly showed that presence of preoperative TPOAb can be a novel prognostic factor in predicting structural persistence/recurrence of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ji Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Chung
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suck Joon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Ryu
- Department of Nuclear medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Baek
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Gu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Moon S, Chung HS, Yu JM, Yoo HJ, Park JH, Kim DS, Park YJ. Associations between Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Clinical Outcomes of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2018; 33:473-484. [PMID: 30513562 PMCID: PMC6279904 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2018.33.4.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) development. Other studies, however, have reported a protective role of HT against PTC progression. Through this updated meta-analysis, we aimed to clarify the effects of HT on the progression of PTC. METHODS We searched citation databases, including PubMed and Embase, for relevant studies from inception to September 2017. From these studies, we calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) of clinicopathologic features and the relative risk (RR) of PTC recurrence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Additionally, the Higgins I² statistic was used to test for heterogeneity. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 71 published studies with 44,034 participants, among whom 11,132 had HT. We observed negative associations between PTC with comorbid HT and extrathyroidal extension (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.81), lymph node metastasis (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94), distant metastasis (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.76), and recurrence (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.61). CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis, PTC patients with HT appeared to exhibit more favorable clinicopathologic characteristics and a better prognosis than those without HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinje Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae Myung Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, CM Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Farrokhi Yekta R, Arefi Oskouie A, Rezaei Tavirani M, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Soroush AR. Decreased apolipoprotein A4 and increased complement component 3 as potential markers for papillary thyroid carcinoma: A proteomic study. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:455-462. [PMID: 30058426 DOI: 10.1177/1724600818787752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Thyroid carcinomas have comprised the fastest rising incidence of cancer in the past decade. Currently, the diagnosis of thyroid tumors is performed by the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) method, which still holds some challenges and limitations, mostly in discriminating malignant and benign lesions. Therefore, the development of molecular markers to distinguish between these lesion types are in progress. METHODS: A 2D-PAGE separation of proteins was performed followed by tandem mass spectrometry with the aim of discovering potential serum protein markers for papillary thyroid carcinoma and multinodular goiter. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed the most important pathways involved in the progression of papillary thyroid cancer. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to confirm a part of the results. RESULTS: The significantly altered proteins included C3, C4A, GC, HP, TTR, APOA4, APOH, ORM2, KRT10, AHSG, IGKV3-20, and IGKC. We also confirmed that increased complement component 3 and decreased apolipoprotein A4 occurred in papillary thyroid cancer. Network investigations demonstrated that complement activation cascades and PPAR signaling might play a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that serum proteomics could serve as a viable method for proposing novel potential markers for thyroid tumors. Surely, further research must be performed in larger cohorts to validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Farrokhi Yekta
- 1 Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie
- 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
- 1 Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Mohajeri-Tehrani
- 3 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Soroush
- 4 Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Kochanek DM, Ghouse SM, Karbowniczek MM, Markiewski MM. Complementing Cancer Metastasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1629. [PMID: 30061895 PMCID: PMC6054933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is an effector of innate immunity and a bridge connecting innate immunity and subsequent adaptive immune responses. It is essential for protection against infections and for orchestrating inflammatory responses. Recent studies have also demonstrated contribution of the complement system to several homeostatic processes that are traditionally not considered to be involved in immunity. Thus, complement regulates homeostasis and immunity. However, dysregulation of this system contributes to several pathologies including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Unexpectedly, studies of the last decade have also revealed that complement promotes cancer progression. Since the initial discovery of tumor promoting role of complement, numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated contribution of several complement components to regulation of tumor growth through their direct interactions with the corresponding receptors on tumor cells or through suppression of antitumor immunity. Most of this work, however, focused on a role of complement in regulating growth of primary tumors. Only recently, a few studies showed that complement promotes cancer metastasis through its contribution to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the premetastatic niche. This latter work has shown that complement activation and generation of complement effectors including C5a occur in organs that are target for metastasis prior to arrival of the very first tumor cells. C5a through its interactions with C5a receptor 1 inhibits antitumor immunity by activating and recruiting immunosuppressive cells from the bone marrow to the premetastatic niche and by regulating function and self-renewal of pulmonary tissue-resident alveolar macrophages. These new advancements provide additional evidence for multifaceted functions of complement in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Kochanek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Shanawaz M Ghouse
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Magdalena M Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
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24
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Li L, Yang H, Li Y, Li XD, Zeng TT, Lin SX, Zhu YH, Guan XY. Hypoxia restrains the expression of complement component 9 in tumor-associated macrophages promoting non-small cell lung cancer progression. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:63. [PMID: 29900010 PMCID: PMC5992192 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, including stroma cells, signaling molecules, and the extracellular matrix, critically regulates the growth and survival of cancer cells. Dissecting the active molecules in tumor microenvironment may uncover the key factors that can impact cancer progression. Human NSCLC tumor tissue-conditioned medium (TCM) and adjacent nontumor tissue-conditioned medium (NCM) were used to treat two NSCLC cells LSC1 and LAC1, respectively. Cell growth and foci formation assays were applied to assess the effects of TCM and NCM on cancer cells. The active factors were identified by protein mass spectrometry. Cell growth and foci formation assays showed that 8 of 26 NCM and none of TCM could effectively lead to tumor cell lysis, which was known as tumoricidal activity. And then protein mass spectrometry analysis and functional verifications confirmed that complement component 9 (C9) played a crucial role in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)-mediated tumoricidal activity in vitro. Furthermore, immunofluorescent staining revealed that C9 specifically expressed in most alveolar macrophages (AMs) in adjacent lung tissues and a small fraction of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in NSCLC tissues. Most importantly, the percentage of C9-positive cells in AMs or TAMs was responsible for the tumoricidal activity of NCM and TCM. Herein, we found that high expression of C9 in TAMs was a significant independent prognostic factor (P = 0.029), and associated with beneficial overall survival (P = 0.012) and disease-free survival (P = 0.016) for patients with NSCLC. Finally, we unveiled that hypoxic tumor microenvironment could switch the phenotype of macrophages from M1 to M2 forms, accompanying with the downregulation of C9 in TAMs. Collectively, our findings elucidated a novel role of TAMs expressing C9 in the prognosis of NSCLC patients, which provided a promising strategy in the development of anticancer treatments based on the CDC-mediated tumoricidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, 510060 Guangzhou, China.,3Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Yan Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China.,3Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Ting-Ting Zeng
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Xia Lin
- 4Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China.,5Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Kolev M, Markiewski MM. Targeting complement-mediated immunoregulation for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:85-97. [PMID: 29454575 PMCID: PMC5984681 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complement was initially discovered as an assembly of plasma proteins "complementing" the cytolytic activity of antibodies. However, our current knowledge places this complex system of several plasma proteins, receptors, and regulators in the center of innate immunity as a bridge between the initial innate responses and adaptive immune reactions. Consequently, complement appears to be pivotal for elimination of pathogens, not only as an early response defense, but by directing the subsequent adaptive immune response. The discovery of functional intracellular complement and its roles in cellular metabolism opened novel avenues for research and potential therapeutic implications. The recent studies demonstrating immunoregulatory functions of complement in the tumor microenvironment and the premetastatic niche shifted the paradigm on our understanding of functions of the complement system in regulating immunity. Several complement proteins, through their interaction with cells in the tumor microenvironment and in metastasis-targeted organs, contribute to modulating tumor growth, antitumor immunity, angiogenesis, and therefore, the overall progression of malignancy and, perhaps, responsiveness of cancer to different therapies. Here, we focus on recent progress in our understanding of immunostimulatory vs. immunoregulatory functions of complement and potential applications of these findings to the design of novel therapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, DIR, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States.
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26
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Bareke H, Akbuga J. Complement system's role in cancer and its therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12672. [PMID: 29734524 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a strong candidate for the long-awaited new edition to standard cancer therapies. For an effective immunotherapy, it is imperative to delineate the players of antitumour immune response. As an important innate immune system effector mechanism, complement is highly likely to play a substantial role in cancer immunity. Studies suggest that there may be two different "states of complement" that show opposing effects on cancer cells; a complement profile that has antitumour effects with low expression of membrane-bound complement regulator proteins (mCRPs), lytic membrane attack complex (MAC) concentration and moderate C5a concentration, and a complement profile that has protumour effects with high expression of mCRPs, sublytic MAC and high concentrations of C5a. One of the cancers that urgently require innovative therapeutic approaches is ovarian cancer, and complement has a potential to be a good target for this purpose. A combinatorial approach where the complement cascade is fine-tuned by inhibiting some of its activities while promoting the others can prove to be a fruitful approach. Herein, we will briefly discuss the cancer-immune system interaction and then present a discussion of complement system's role in tumour immunity and its therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bareke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - J Akbuga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Turkey
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27
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Wu CC, Lin JD, Chen JT, Chang CM, Weng HF, Hsueh C, Chien HP, Yu JS. Integrated analysis of fine-needle-aspiration cystic fluid proteome, cancer cell secretome, and public transcriptome datasets for papillary thyroid cancer biomarker discovery. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12079-12100. [PMID: 29552294 PMCID: PMC5844730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (USG/FNA) biopsy are currently used for diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but their detection limit could be improved by combining other biomarkers. To discover novel PTC biomarkers, we herein applied a GeLC-MS/MS strategy to analyze the proteome profiles of serum-abundant-protein-depleted FNA cystic fluid from benign and PTC patients, as well as two PTC cell line secretomes. From them, we identified 346, 488, and 2105 proteins, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed that 191 proteins were detected in the PTC but not the benign cystic fluid samples, and thus may represent potential PTC biomarkers. Among these proteins, 101 were detected in the PTC cell line secretomes, and seven of them (NPC2, CTSC, AGRN, GPNMB, DPP4, ERAP2, and SH3BGRL3) were reported in public PTC transcriptome datasets as having 4681 elevated mRNA expression in PTC. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the elevated expression levels of five proteins (NPC2, CTSC, GPNMB, DPP4, and ERAP2) in PTC versus benign cystic fluids. Immunohistochemical studies from near 100 pairs of PTC tissue and their adjacent non-tumor counterparts further showed that AGRN (n = 98), CTSC (n = 99), ERAP2 (n = 98) and GPNMB (n = 100) were significantly (p < 0.05) overexpressed in PTC and higher expression levels of AGRN and CTSC were also significantly associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of PTC patients. Collectively, our results indicate that an integrated analysis of FNA cystic fluid proteome, cancer cell secretome and tissue transcriptome datasets represents a useful strategy for efficiently discovering novel PTC biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Ting Chen
- Department of Surgery, Department of Medical Research and Development Linkou Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fen Weng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Chien
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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28
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Song E, Jeon MJ, Park S, Kim M, Oh HS, Song DE, Kim WG, Kim WB, Shong YK, Kim TY. Influence of coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis on the extent of cervical lymph node dissection and prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:123-128. [PMID: 28906015 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies did not focus on the differences in the extent of cervical lymph node (LN) dissection according to coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its clinical impact. We aimed to determine whether extensive cervical LN dissection is responsible for favourable clinical outcomes in PTC patients with HT and whether the coexistence of HT itself has an independent protective effect regardless of LN status. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS 1369 patients with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection. MEASUREMENTS Metastatic LN ratio, defined as number of metastatic LNs divided by number of removed LNs, was used to evaluate the extent of LN dissection as well as the status of LN metastasis. Disease-free survival and dynamic risk stratification were compared for clinical outcomes. RESULTS Presence of HT did not lower the risk of cervical LN metastasis (61.6% in patients with HT vs 65.1% in patients without HT, P = .292). Patients with HT had significantly larger numbers of removed LNs than patients without HT (11 vs 8, respectively, P < .001). Accordingly, metastatic LN ratio was smaller in patients with HT (P = .002), which was independently associated with structural persistent/recurrent disease (hazard ratio [HR] 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-4.16, P = .004). HT itself was negatively associated with structural persistent/recurrent disease after adjustment for other clinicopathological factors (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.87, P = .020). CONCLUSIONS Coexistence of HT itself is an independent factor associated with favourable outcome in PTC patients, regardless of the extent of LN dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ji Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suyeon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Eun Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Gu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Pio R. Complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a: Emerging roles in cancer progression and treatment. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:153-163. [PMID: 29155219 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the role of complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in cancer provide new opportunities for the development of innovative biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. These two complement activation products can maintain chronic inflammation, promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment, induce angiogenesis, and increase the motility and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Still, the diverse heterogeneity of responses mediated by these peptides poses a challenge both to our understanding of the role played by these molecules in cancer progression and to the development of effective treatments. This review attempts to summarize the evidence surrounding the involvement of anaphylatoxins in the biological contexts associated with tumor progression. We also describe the recent developments that support the inhibition of anaphylatoxins, or their cognate receptors C3aR and C5aR1, as a treatment option for maximizing the clinical efficacy of current immunotherapies that target the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain.
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30
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Berraondo P, Minute L, Ajona D, Corrales L, Melero I, Pio R. Innate immune mediators in cancer: between defense and resistance. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:290-306. [PMID: 27782320 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and evasion of the antitumor effector immune response are two of the emerging hallmarks required for oncogenesis and cancer progression. The innate immune system not only plays a critical role in perpetuating these tumor-promoting hallmarks but also in developing antitumor adaptive immune responses. Thus, understanding the dual role of the innate system in cancer immunology is required for the design of combined immunotherapy strategies able to tackle established tumors. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the role of cell populations and soluble components of the innate immune system in cancer, with a focus on complement, the adapter molecule Stimulator of Interferon Genes, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Berraondo
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luna Minute
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Melero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain. .,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. .,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Analysis of the interplay between methylation and expression reveals its potential role in cancer aetiology. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 17:53-68. [PMID: 27819121 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With ongoing developments in technology, changes in DNA methylation levels have become prevalent to study cancer biology. Previous studies report that DNA methylation affects gene expression in a direct manner, most probably by blocking gene regulatory regions. In this study, we have studied the interplay between methylation and expression to improve our knowledge of cancer aetiology. For this purpose, we have investigated which genomic regions are of higher importance; hence, first exon, 5'UTR and 200 bp near the transcription start sites are proposed as being more crucial compared to other genomic regions. Furthermore, we have searched for a valid methylation level change threshold, and as a result, 25 % methylation change in previously determined genomic regions showed the highest inverse correlation with expression data. As a final step, we have examined the commonly affected genes and pathways by integrating methylation and expression information. Remarkably, the GPR115 gene and ErbB signalling pathway were found to be significantly altered for all cancer types in our analysis. Overall, combining methylation and expression information and identifying commonly affected genes and pathways in a variety of cancer types revealed new insights of cancer disease mechanisms. Moreover, compared to previous methylation-based studies, we have identified more important genomic regions and have defined a methylation change threshold level in order to obtain more reliable results. In addition to the novel analysis framework that involves the analysis of four different cancer types, our study exposes essential information regarding the contribution of methylation changes and its impact on cancer disease biology, which may facilitate the identification of new drug targets.
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Yang SW, Kang SH, Kim KR, Choi IH, Chang HS, Oh YL, Hong SW. Do Helper T Cell Subtypes in Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Play a Role in the Antitumor Effect? J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 50:377-84. [PMID: 27681413 PMCID: PMC5042902 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.07.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is frequently accompanied by lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT). Some reports claim that Hashimoto's thyroiditis (the clinical form of LT) enhances the likelihood of PTC; however, others suggest that LT has antitumor activity. This study was aimed to find out the relationship between the patterns of helper T cell (Th) cytokines in thyroid tissue of PTC with or without LT and the clinicopathological manifestation of PTC. METHODS Fresh surgical samples of PTC with (13 cases) or without (10 cases) LT were used. The prognostic parameters (tumor size, extra-thyroidal extension of PTC, and lymph node metastasis) were analyzed. The mRNA levels of two subtypes of Th cytokines, Th1 (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interferon γ [IFN-γ ], and interleukin [IL] 2) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10), were analyzed. Because most PTC cases were microcarcinomas and recent cases without clinical follow-up, negative or faint p27 immunoreactivity was used as a surrogate marker for lymph node metastasis. RESULTS PTC with LT cases showed significantly higher expression of TNF-α (p = .043), IFN-γ (p < .010), IL-4 (p = .015) than those without LT cases. Although the data were not statistically significant, all analyzed cytokines (except for IL-4) were highly expressed in the cases with higher expression of p27 surrogate marker. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that mixed Th1 (TNF-α, IFN-γ , and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-10) immunity might play a role in the antitumor effect in terms of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Woo Yang
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung Rae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Hong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hang Seok Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Won Hong
- Department of Pathology, Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kourtzelis I, Rafail S. The dual role of complement in cancer and its implication in anti-tumor therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:265. [PMID: 27563652 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.06.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been linked to the initiation of carcinogenesis, as well as the advancement of established tumors. The polarization of the tumor inflammatory microenvironment can contribute to either the control, or the progression of the disease. The emerging participation of members of the complement cascade in several hallmarks of cancer, renders it a potential target for anti-tumor treatment. Moreover, the presence of complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) in most types of tumor cells is known to impede anti-tumor therapies. This review focuses on our current knowledge of complement's potential involvement in shaping the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and its role on the regulation of angiogenesis and hypoxia. Furthermore, we discuss approaches using complement-based therapies as an adjuvant in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stavros Rafail
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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Towner LD, Wheat RA, Hughes TR, Morgan BP. Complement Membrane Attack and Tumorigenesis: A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14927-38. [PMID: 27226542 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor development driven by inflammation is now an established phenomenon, but the role that complement plays remains uncertain. Recent evidence has suggested that various components of the complement (C) cascade may influence tumor development in disparate ways; however, little attention has been paid to that of the membrane attack complex (MAC). This is despite abundant evidence documenting the effects of this complex on cell behavior, including cell activation, protection from/induction of apoptosis, release of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and ECM components and regulators, and the triggering of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Here we present a novel approach to this issue by using global gene expression studies in conjunction with a systems biology analysis. Using network analysis of MAC-responsive expression changes, we demonstrate a cluster of co-regulated genes known to have impact in the extracellular space and on the supporting stroma and with well characterized tumor-promoting roles. Network analysis highlighted the central role for EGF receptor activation in mediating the observed responses to MAC exposure. Overall, the study sheds light on the mechanisms by which sublytic MAC causes tumor cell responses and exposes a gene expression signature that implicates MAC as a driver of tumor progression. These findings have implications for understanding of the roles of complement and the MAC in tumor development and progression, which in turn will inform future therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence D Towner
- From the Complement Biology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Wheat
- From the Complement Biology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- From the Complement Biology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - B Paul Morgan
- From the Complement Biology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
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Mamidi S, Höne S, Kirschfink M. The complement system in cancer: Ambivalence between tumour destruction and promotion. Immunobiology 2015; 222:45-54. [PMID: 26686908 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Constituting a part of the innate immune system, the complement system consists of over 50 proteins either acting as part of a 3-branch activation cascade, a well-differentiated regulatory system in fluid phase or on each tissue, or as receptors translating the activation signal to multiple cellular effector functions. Complement serves as first line of defence against infections from bacteria, viruses and parasites by orchestrating the immune response through opsonisation, recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection and direct cell lysis. Complement is generally recognised as a protective mechanism against the formation of tumours in humans, but is often limited by various resistance mechanisms interfering with its cytotoxic action, now considered as a great barrier of successful antibody-based immunotherapy. However, recent studies also indicate a pro-tumourigenic potential of complement in certain cancers and under certain conditions. In this review, we present recent findings on the possible dual role of complement in destroying cancer, especially if resistance mechanisms are blocked, but also under certain inflammatory conditions-promoting tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Höne
- Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Downs-Canner S, Magge D, Ravindranathan R, O'Malley ME, Francis L, Liu Z, Sheng Guo Z, Obermajer N, Bartlett DL. Complement Inhibition: A Novel Form of Immunotherapy for Colon Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23:655-62. [PMID: 26289805 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement is a central part of both the innate and adaptive immune response and its activation has traditionally been considered part of the immunosurveillance response against cancer. Its pro-inflammatory role and its contribution to the development of many illnesses associated with inflammatory states implicate complement in carcinogenesis. METHODS We evaluated the role of three protein inhibitors of complement-cobra venom factor, humanized cobra venom factor, and recombinant staphylococcus aureus superantigen-like protein 7-in the setting of a transplantable murine colon cancer model. Outcomes were evaluated by monitoring tumor growth, and flow cytometry, ELISPOT, and quantitative real-time PCR were used to determine the impact of complement inhibition on the host immune response. RESULTS Complement inhibitors were effective at depleting complement component C3 in tumor bearing mice and this was temporally correlated with a decreased rate of tumor growth during the establishment of tumors. Treatment with cobra venom factor resulted in increased CD8(+) T cells as a percentage of tumor-infiltrating cells as well as a reduced immunosuppressive environment evidenced by decreased myeloid derived suppressor cells in splenocytes of treated mice. Complement inhibition resulted in increased expression of the chemoattractive cytokines CCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11. DISCUSSION Complement depletion represents a promising mode of immunotherapy in cancer by its ability to impair tumor growth by increasing the host's effective immune response to tumor and diminishing the immunosuppressive effect created by the tumor microenvironment and ultimately could be utilized as a component of combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Downs-Canner
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepa Magge
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roshni Ravindranathan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark E O'Malley
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lily Francis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Z Sheng Guo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natasa Obermajer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Khan MA, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Complement and macrophage crosstalk during process of angiogenesis in tumor progression. J Biomed Sci 2015. [PMID: 26198107 PMCID: PMC4511526 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system, which contains some of the most potent pro-inflammatory mediators in the tissue including the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are the vital parts of innate immunity. Complement activation seems to play a more critical role in tumor development, but little attention has been given to the angiogenic balance of the activated complement mediators and macrophage polarization during tumor progression. The tumor growth mainly supported by the infiltration of M2- tumor-associated macrophages, and high levels of C3a and C5a, whereas M1-macrophages contribute to immune-mediated tumor suppression. Macrophages express a cognate receptors for both C3a and C5a on their cell surface, and specific binding of C3a and C5a affects the functional modulation and angiogenic properties. Activation of complement mediators induce angiogenesis, favors an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and activate cancer-associated signaling pathways to assist chronic inflammation. In this review manuscript, we highlighted the specific roles of complement activation and macrophage polarization during uncontrolled angiogenesis in tumor progression, and therefore blocking of complement mediators would be an alternative therapeutic option for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Afzal Khan
- Department Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - A M Assiri
- Department Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - D C Broering
- Organ Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
The observation that a subset of cancer patients show evidence for spontaneous CD8+ T cell priming against tumor-associated antigens has generated renewed interest in the innate immune pathways that might serve as a bridge to an adaptive immune response to tumors. Manipulation of this endogenous T cell response with therapeutic intent-for example, using blocking antibodies inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1) interactions-is showing impressive clinical results. As such, understanding the innate immune mechanisms that enable this T cell response has important clinical relevance. Defined innate immune interactions in the cancer context include recognition by innate cell populations (NK cells, NKT cells, and γδ T cells) and also by dendritic cells and macrophages in response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recent evidence has indicated that the major DAMP driving host antitumor immune responses is tumor-derived DNA, sensed by the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway and driving type I IFN production. A deeper knowledge of the clinically relevant innate immune pathways involved in the recognition of tumors is leading toward new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Lee MS, Jones T, Song DY, Jang JH, Jung JU, Gao SJ. Exploitation of the complement system by oncogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus for cell survival and persistent infection. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004412. [PMID: 25254972 PMCID: PMC4177982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During evolution, herpesviruses have developed numerous, and often very ingenious, strategies to counteract efficient host immunity. Specifically, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) eludes host immunity by undergoing a dormant stage, called latency wherein it expresses a minimal number of viral proteins to evade host immune activation. Here, we show that during latency, KSHV hijacks the complement pathway to promote cell survival. We detected strong deposition of complement membrane attack complex C5b-9 and the complement component C3 activated product C3b on Kaposi's sarcoma spindle tumor cells, and on human endothelial cells latently infected by KSHV, TIME-KSHV and TIVE-LTC, but not on their respective uninfected control cells, TIME and TIVE. We further showed that complement activation in latently KSHV-infected cells was mediated by the alternative complement pathway through down-regulation of cell surface complement regulatory proteins CD55 and CD59. Interestingly, complement activation caused minimal cell death but promoted the survival of latently KSHV-infected cells grown in medium depleted of growth factors. We found that complement activation increased STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation (Y705) of KSHV-infected cells, which was required for the enhanced cell survival. Furthermore, overexpression of either CD55 or CD59 in latently KSHV-infected cells was sufficient to inhibit complement activation, prevent STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation and abolish the enhanced survival of cells cultured in growth factor-depleted condition. Together, these results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which an oncogenic virus subverts and exploits the host innate immune system to promote viral persistent infection. The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system. Pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to evade host immune responses including attack of the complement system. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma and a subset of multicentric Castleman's disease. KSHV encodes a number of viral proteins to counter host immune responses during productive lytic replication. On the other hand, KSHV utilizes latency as a default replication program during which it expresses a minimal number of proteins to evade host immune detection. Thus, the complement system is expected to be silent during KSHV latency. In this study, we have found that the complement system is unexpectedly activated in latently KSHV-infected endothelial cells and in KS tumor cells wherein KSHV downregulates the expression of CD55 and CD59 complement regulatory proteins. More interestingly, most of latently KSHV-infected cells not only are resistant to complement-mediated cell killing, but also acquire survival advantage by inducing STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which an oncogenic virus exploits the host innate immune system to promote viral persistent infection.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Complement C3b/genetics
- Complement C3b/metabolism
- Complement C5b/genetics
- Complement C5b/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/virology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/physiology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/virology
- Humans
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/virology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/immunology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- Virus Latency
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiffany Jones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dae-Yong Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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LIN KAILONG, HE SIYI, HE LUHANG, CHEN JUNYIN, CHENG XIAOMING, ZHANG GUOQIANG, ZHU BO. Complement component 3 is a prognostic factor of non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:811-7. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Pio R, Corrales L, Lambris JD. The role of complement in tumor growth. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 772:229-62. [PMID: 24272362 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5915-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complement is a central part of the immune system that has developed as a first defense against non-self cells. Neoplastic transformation is accompanied by an increased capacity of the malignant cells to activate complement. In fact, clinical data demonstrate complement activation in cancer patients. On the basis of the use of protective mechanisms by malignant cells, complement activation has traditionally been considered part of the body's immunosurveillance against cancer. Inhibitory mechanisms of complement activation allow cancer cells to escape from complement-mediated elimination and hamper the clinical efficacy of monoclonal antibody-based cancer immunotherapies. To overcome this limitation, many strategies have been developed with the goal of improving complement-mediated effector mechanisms. However, significant work in recent years has identified new and surprising roles for complement activation within the tumor microenvironment. Recent reports suggest that complement elements can promote tumor growth in the context of chronic inflammation. This chapter reviews the data describing the role of complement activation in cancer immunity, which offers insights that may aid the development of more effective therapeutic approaches to control cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pio
- Oncology Division (CIMA), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (School of Science), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,
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Pio R, Ajona D, Lambris JD. Complement inhibition in cancer therapy. Semin Immunol 2013; 25:54-64. [PMID: 23706991 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades, complement has been recognized as an effector arm of the immune system that contributes to the destruction of tumor cells. In fact, many therapeutic strategies have been proposed that are based on the intensification of complement-mediated responses against tumors. However, recent studies have challenged this paradigm by demonstrating a tumor-promoting role for complement. Cancer cells seem to be able to establish a convenient balance between complement activation and inhibition, taking advantage of complement initiation without suffering its deleterious effects. Complement activation may support chronic inflammation, promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment, induce angiogenesis, and activate cancer-related signaling pathways. In this context, inhibition of complement activation would be a therapeutic option for treating cancer. This concept is relatively new and deserves closer attention. In this article, we summarize the mechanisms of complement activation on cancer cells, the cancer-promoting effect of complement initiation, and the rationale behind the use of complement inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pio
- Oncology Division, Center for Applied Medical Research-CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. rpio.@unav.es
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Mäkelä K, Helén P, Haapasalo H, Paavonen T. Complement activation in astrocytomas: deposition of C4d and patient outcome. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:565. [PMID: 23199209 PMCID: PMC3517746 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C4d is a cleavage product of complement component C4 and is considered to serve as a marker for the site of complement activation. In this study C4d staining of grade I-IV astrocytic tumors was studied to explore if there is an association between complement activation and the grade of tumor, or patient survival. METHODS Tissue micro-array samples of 102 astrocytomas were stained immunohistochemically. The material consisted of 9 pilocytic astrocytomas and 93 grade II-IV astrocytomas, of which 67 were primary resections and 26 recurrent tumors. The intensity of C4d staining as well as extent of C4d and CD34 staining were evaluated. The intensity of C4d staining was scored semiquantitatively. The extent of the staining was counted morphometrically with a point counting grid yielding a percent of C4d and CD34 positive area of the sample. RESULTS The intensity and extent of C4d staining increased in grade II-IV diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma tumors in line with the malignancy grade (p = 0.034 and p = 0.016, respectively, Kruskal-Wallis test). However, C4d positive tumor area percentages were higher in grade I pilocytic astrocytomas than in grade II-IV diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas (p = 0.041, Mann-Whitney test). There was a significant correlation between CD34 positive and C4d positive endothelial area fraction in diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas (p < 0.001, Pearson correlation). In these tumors, the increasing intensity of C4d staining was also associated with worsened patient outcome (p = 0.014, log-rank test). CONCLUSION The worsening of patient outcome and malignant progression of tumor cells seem to be connected to microenvironmental changes evoked by chronically activated complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Mäkelä
- Department of Pathology, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Biokatu 6, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Pauli Helén
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Department of Pathology, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Liu L, Li W, Li Z, Kirschfink M. Sublytic complement protects prostate cancer cells from tumour necrosis factor-α-induced cell death. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 169:100-8. [PMID: 22774984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical component of tumour progression. Although complement and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α potentially exert significant anti-tumour effects, both mediators may also promote tumour progression. It has been demonstrated that sublytic complement confers resistance on tumour cells not only against lytic complement, but also other danger molecules such as perforin. In low concentrations, TNF promotes survival of malignant cells rather than exerting cytotoxic activity. In this study, we tested if sublytic complement is able to interfere with TNF-mediated tumour cell killing. Our results demonstrate that either subcytotoxic concentrations of TNF or sublytic complement rescue prostate carcinoma cells (DU145) from TNF-α-mediated cell death. Upon pretreatment with low-dose TNF-α, but not upon pre-exposure to sublytic complement, TNF resistance was associated with the down-regulation of TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1) expression. Complement-induced protection against TNF-mediated apoptosis accompanied the induction of anti-apoptotic proteins [B cell leukaemia/lymphoma (Bcl)-2 and Bcl-xL] at an early stage followed by inhibition of the TNF-induced decrease in the amount of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Cell protection also accompanied the inhibition of caspase-8 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 cleavage and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Our data extend our current view on the induction of tumour cell resistance against cytotoxic mediators supporting the role of the tumour microenvironment in mediating protection against the anti-cancer immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Jeong JS, Kim HK, Lee CR, Park S, Park JH, Kang SW, Jeong JJ, Nam KH, Chung WY, Park CS. Coexistence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma: clinical manifestation and prognostic outcome. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27:883-9. [PMID: 22876054 PMCID: PMC3410235 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.8.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of coexisting chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to evaluate the influence on prognosis. A total of 1,357 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for PTC were included. The clinicopathological characteristics were identified. Patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (n = 597) were studied to evaluate the influence of coexistent CLT on prognosis. Among the total 1,357 patients, 359 (26.5%) had coexistent CLT. In the CLT group, the prevalence of females was higher than in the control group without CLT (P < 0.001). Mean tumor size and mean age in the patients with CLT were smaller than without CLT (P = 0.040, P = 0.047, respectively). Extrathyroidal extension in the patients with CLT was significantly lower than without CLT (P = 0.016). Among the subset of 597 patients, disease-free survival rate in the patients with CLT was significantly higher than without CLT (P = 0.042). However, the multivariate analysis did not reveal a negative association between CLT coexistence and recurrence. Patients with CLT display a greater female preponderance, smaller size, younger and lower extrathyroidal extension. CLT is not a significant independent negative predictive factor for recurrence, although presence of CLT indicates a reduced risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Soo Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seulkee Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kang
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ju Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hyun Nam
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Youn Chung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheong Soo Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Complement-induced protection: an explanation for the limitations of cell-based tumour immunotherapies. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90:869-71. [PMID: 22777521 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Complement is involved in the inflammatory response and clearance of infected or altered cells. It is therefore unexpected that complement-deficient animals are less susceptible to carcinogen-induced tumours and more readily control growth of injected tumour cell lines than their wild-type counterparts, implying that complement promotes tumour development and progression. Conversely, natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T cells are known to limit progression of the same tumours. Previous studies indicate that sublytic levels of the complement membrane attack complex protect cells against further attack by lytic doses of complement and other pore-formers such as perforin. We hypothesise that inefficient attack by complement in vivo allows tumour cells to avoid lysis by both NK cells and antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, thereby promoting tumour outgrowth. Complement could thus be limiting the efficacy of NK and T cell-targeted cancer therapies, and the inclusion of complement inhibitors could optimise these immunotherapeutic regimes.
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Qiu Y, Korteweg C, Chen Z, Li J, Luo J, Huang G, Gu J. Immunoglobulin G expression and its colocalization with complement proteins in papillary thyroid cancer. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:36-45. [PMID: 21909078 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Except for the well-known immunoglobulin G (IgG) producing cell types, ie, mature B lymphocytes and plasma cells, various non-lymphoid cell types, including human cancer cells, neurons, and some specified epithelial cells, have been found to express IgG. In this study, we detected the expression of the heavy chain of IgG (IgGγ) and kappa light chain (Igκ) in papillary thyroid cancer cells. Using in situ hybridization, we detected the constant region of human IgG1 (IGHG1) in papillary thyroid cancer cells. With laser capture microdissection followed by RT-PCR, mRNA transcripts of IGHG1, Igκ, recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1), RAG2, and activation-induced cytidine deaminase genes were successfully amplified from isolated papillary thyroid cancer cells. We further confirmed IgG protein expression with immunohistochemistry and found that none of the IgG receptors was expressed in papillary thyroid cancer. Differences in the level of IgGγ expression between tumor size, between papillary thyroid cancer and normal thyroid tissue, as well as between papillary thyroid cancer with and without lymph node metastasis were significant. Taken together, these results indicate that IgG is produced by papillary thyroid cancer cells and that it might be positively related to the growth and metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that IgGγ colocalized with complement proteins in the same cancer cells, which could indicate that immune complexes were formed. Such immune complexes might consist of IgG synthesized by the host against tumor surface antigens and locally produced anti-idiotypic IgG with specificity for the variable region of these 'primary' antibodies. The cancer cells might thus escape the host tumor-antigen-specific immune responses, hence promoting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Kolev M, Towner L, Donev R. Complement in cancer and cancer immunotherapy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:407-19. [PMID: 21960413 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase of interest in the use of biological or immune-based therapies for patients with malignancies. This has been informed by the deeper understanding of the crosstalk between the host immune system and malignant tumours, as well as the potential advantages of immunotherapy-high specificity and less toxicity compared to standard approaches. The particular emphasis of this article is on the role of the complement system in tumour growth and antibody-based cancer immunotherapy. The functional consequences from overexpression of complement regulators by tumours and the development of strategies for overcoming this are discussed in detail. This review discusses these issues with a view to inspiring the development of new agents that could be useful for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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Cunha LL, Ferreira RC, Marcello MA, Vassallo J, Ward LS. Clinical and pathological implications of concurrent autoimmune thyroid disorders and papillary thyroid cancer. J Thyroid Res 2011; 2011:387062. [PMID: 21403889 PMCID: PMC3043285 DOI: 10.4061/2011/387062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooccurrences of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and thyroid cancer (DTC) have been repeatedly reported. Both CLT and DTC, mainly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), share some epidemiological and molecular features. In fact, thyroid lymphocytic inflammatory reaction has been observed in association with PTC at variable frequency, although the precise relationship between the two diseases is still debated. It also remains a matter of debate whether the association with a CLT or even an autoimmune disorder could influence the prognosis of PTC. A better understanding about clinical implications of autoimmunity in concurrent thyroid cancer could raise new insights of thyroid cancer immunotherapy. In addition, elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in autoimmune disease and concurrent cancer allowed us to identify new therapeutic strategies against thyroid cancer. The objective of this article was to review recent literature on the association of these disorders and its potential significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Cunha
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), 126 Tessalia Vieira de Camargo St., Cidade Universitária, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, 13083-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Jeong DH, Kim HK, Prince AEB, Lee DS, Kim YN, Han J, Kim KT. Plasma proteomic analysis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. J Gynecol Oncol 2008; 19:173-80. [PMID: 19471570 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2008.19.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare plasma protein expression between patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix and normal controls. METHODS Plasma samples from patients with benign gynecological disease (normal cervix, n=6) and cervical cancer (SCC, n=6) were subjected to plasma proteomic analysis using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS). Western blotting and immunoturbidimetric assay were performed to validate the results of 2-DE. RESULTS Eight proteins showed differential expression between controls and SCC patients; six (ceruloplasmin, complement C3, afamin precursor, alpha-1-B-glycoprotein, transferrin, alpha-fibrinogen precursor) were up-regulated, while two (chain A, crystal structure of antithrombin and apolipoprotein A-IV precursor) were down-regulated in the plasma of SCC patients. Western blotting analysis revealed significant elevation of ceruloplasmin, complement C3, afamin, and alpha-1-B-glycoprotein in the plasma of SCC patients in comparison to controls. Immunoturbidimetric assay of a larger group confirmed the results of 2-DE and Western blotting, and showed that ceruloplasmin and complement C3 were significantly elevated in the plasma of SCC patients in comparison with controls and patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the uterine cervix. CONCLUSION Plasma protein expression determined using 2-DE and MALDI-MS will give a chance to identify tumor-specific biomarkers for SCC of the cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hoon Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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