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Suchi PD, Shaikh MAA, Saha B, Moniruzzaman M, Hossain MK, Parvin A, Parvin A. Comprehensive index analysis approach for ecological and human health risk assessment of a tributary river in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32542. [PMID: 39040280 PMCID: PMC11260973 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the water quality of the Turag River, an important tributary river in Dhaka, Bangladesh in terms of physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal contamination to assess the potential risks to both ecological systems and human health. The majority of the water samples complied with the acceptable limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) for various parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), except total hardness (TH). The sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), nitrate (NO3 -), and sulfate (SO4 2-) levels in the water samples were found to be within acceptable ranges for most cases. Moreover, heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg) were analyzed and their mean concentrations (μg/L) were found in the order of Fe (244.72 ± 214.35) > Mn (28.93 ± 29.64) > Zn (22.97 ± 10.93) > Cu (8.28 ± 5.99) > Hg (8.23 ± 6.58) > As (1.34 ± 0.39) > Ni (1.20 ± 0.38) > Cr (0.67 ± 0.85) > Pb (0.61 ± 0.72) > Se (0.42 ± 0.48) > Cd (0.13 ± 0.09) which were within the acceptable limit, except Hg. The cumulative effect of all heavy metals was assessed through the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), contamination degree (Cd), and nemerow pollution index (PN). The mean value of HPI (682.38 ± 525.68) crossed the critical index value of 100, indicating an elevated level of pollution. The mean value of Cd (8.763 ± 6.48) indicates a low-moderate-significant level of contamination due to an elevated level of Hg, and for the PN it was found 174.27 ± 146.66, indicating a high level of pollution due to high level of Fe. Ecological risk index (ERI) indicated low levels of risk for Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, As, Se, Cu, and Zn but a significantly high risk for Hg. The water was classified as good to excellent based on its physicochemical properties (pH, EC, TDS, COD, DO, F-, Cl-, NO3 -, and SO4 2-) while it was deemed poor to unsuitable for heavy metals according to the water quality index (WQI). Among the carcinogenic constituents, As poses the greatest carcinogenic risk, particularly for children. The mean value of Cr, Mn, and As in the HQingestion for adult and child, and Cd, Hg for child exceeded the threshold value established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), while the HQdermal values remained below the maximum limit for all heavy metals. The value of HI at all locations exceeds the threshold of 1, as specified by USEPA. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis revealed that the presence of heavy metals in the Turag River was mainly attributed to anthropogenic sources, including industrial effluent discharge from neighboring industries, domestic wastewater, and agricultural runoff containing agrochemicals from the surrounding lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dey Suchi
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Badhan Saha
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamal Hossain
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Parvin
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Parvin
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
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Koski L, Berntsson E, Vikström M, Wärmländer SKTS, Roos PM. Metal ratios as possible biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127163. [PMID: 37004478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with unknown aetiology. Metals have been suspected to contribute to ALS pathogenesis since mid-19th century, yet studies on measured metal concentrations in ALS patients have often yielded conflicting results, with large individual variation in measured values. Calculating metal concentration ratios can unveil possible synergistic effects of neurotoxic metals in ALS pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate if ratios of different metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma, respectively, differ between ALS patients and healthy controls. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma were collected from 17 ALS patients and 10 controls. Samples were analysed for 22 metals by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS), and all possible 231 metal ratios calculated in each body fluid. RESULTS Fifty-three metal ratios were significantly elevated in ALS cases as compared to controls (p < 0.05); five in blood plasma, and 48 in CSF. The finding of fewer elevated ratios in blood plasma may indicate specific transport of metals into the central nervous system. The elevated metal ratios in CSF include Cd/Se (p = 0.031), and 16 ratios with magnesium, such as Mn/Mg (p = 0.005) and Al/Mg (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Metal ratios may be used as biomarkers in ALS diagnosis and as guidelines for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassi Koski
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elina Berntsson
- Chemistry Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Max Vikström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, St. Göran Hospital University Unit, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abdelrazek F, Salama DA, Alharthi A, Asiri SA, Khodeer DM, Qarmush MM, Mobasher MA, Ibrahim M. Glycine Betaine Relieves Lead-Induced Hepatic and Renal Toxicity in Albino Rats. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050271. [PMID: 35622684 PMCID: PMC9147203 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a widespread and nondegradable environmental pollutant and affects several organs through oxidative mechanisms. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant protective effect of glycine betaine (GB) against Pb-induced renal and hepatic injury. Male albino rats (n = 45) were divided into three groups: G1 untreated control, G2 Pb-acetate (50 mg/kg/day), and G3 Pb-acetate (50 mg/kg/day) plus GB (250 mg/kg/day) administered for 6 weeks. For G3, Pb-acetate was administered first and followed by GB at least 4 h after. Pb-acetate treatment (G2) resulted in a significant decrease in renal function, including elevated creatinine and urea levels by 17.4% and 23.7%, respectively, and nonsignificant changes in serum uric acid levels. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphates (ALP) activities were significantly increased with Pb treatment by 37.6%, 59.3%, and 55.1%, respectively. Lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased by 7.8 times after 6 weeks of Pb-acetate treatment. The level of reduced glutathione (GSH-R) significantly declined after Pb-acetate treatment. Pb-acetate treatment also reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) by 74.1%, 85.0%, and 40.8%, respectively. Treatment of Pb-intoxicated rats with GB resulted in a significant reduction in creatinine, urea, ALT, AST, and lipid peroxidation, as well as a significant increase in the level of GSH-R and in the activities of ALP, SOD, GST, and GSH-PX. The molecular interaction between GB and GSH-PX indicated that the activation of GSH-PX in Pb-intoxicated rats was not the result of GB binding to the catalytic site of GSH-PX. The affinity of GB to bind to the catalytic site of GSH-PX is lower than that of H2O2. Thus, GB significantly mitigates Pb-induced renal and liver injury through the activation of antioxidant enzymes and the prevention of Pb-induced oxidative damage in the kidney and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Abdelrazek
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (F.A.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Dawlat A. Salama
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (F.A.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Afaf Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed A. Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dina M. Khodeer
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.M.K.); (M.I.); Tel.: +20-100-93345855 (D.M.K.)
| | - Moath M. Qarmush
- Urology Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maysa A. Mobasher
- Department of Pathology, Biochemistry Division, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 41412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mervat Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (F.A.); (D.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.K.); (M.I.); Tel.: +20-100-93345855 (D.M.K.)
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Neuwirth LS, Emenike BU, Cruz GB, Cabañas E, Vasquez MA, Joseph JN, Ayaz Z, Mian M, Ali MM, Clarke EG, Barrera ED, Hameed N, Rubi S, Dacius TF, Skeen JC, Bonitto JR, Khairi EB, Iqbal A, Ahmed I, Jose TJ, Lynch KP, Alivira A, Mathew N, Kaur S, Masood S, Tranquilee B, Thiruverkadu V. Taurine-Derived Compounds Produce Anxiolytic Effects in Rats Following Developmental Lead Exposure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:445-460. [PMID: 35882818 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) is a developmental neurotoxicant that disrupts the GABA-shift and subsequently causes alterations in the brain's excitation-to-inhibition (E/I) balance. Taurine is a well-established neuroprotective and inhibitory compound for regulating brain excitability. Since mechanistically taurine can facilitate neuronal inhibition through the GABA-AR, the present study examined the anxiolytic potential of taurine derivatives. Treatment groups consisted of the following developmental Pb2+-exposures: Control (0 ppm) and Perinatal (150 ppm or 1,000 ppm lead acetate in the drinking water). Rats were scheduled for behavioral tests between postnatal days (PND) 36-45 with random drug assignments to either saline, taurine, or taurine-derived compound (TD-101, TD-102, or TD-103) to assess the rats' responsivity to each drug in mitigating the developmental Pb2+-exposure and anxiety-like behaviors through the GABAergic system. Long-Evans hooded rats were assessed using an open field (OF) test for preliminary locomotor assessment. Twenty-four hours later, the same rats were exposed to the elevated plus maze (EPM) and were given an i.p. injection of 43 mg/Kg of the saline, taurine, or TD drugs 15 min prior to testing. Each rat was tested using the triple-blind random assignment method for each drug condition. The OF data revealed that Control female rats had increased locomotor activity over Control male rats, and the Pb2+-exposed males and females had increased locomotor activity when compared to the Control male and female rats. However, in the EPM, the Control female rats exhibited more anxiety-like behaviors over Control male rats, and the Pb2+-exposed male and female rats showed selective responsivity to TD drugs when compared to taurine. For Pb2+-exposed males, TD-101 showed consistent recovery of anxiety-like behaviors similar to that of taurine regardless of Pb2+ dose, whereas in Pb2+-exposed females TD-101 and TD-103 showed greater anxiolytic responses in the EPM. The results from the present psychopharmacological study suggests that taurine and its derivatives are interesting drug candidates to explore sex-specific mechanisms and actions of taurine and the associated GABAergic receptor properties by which these compounds alleviate anxiety as a potential behavioral pharmacotherapy for neurodevelopmental Pb2+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S Neuwirth
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA.
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA.
| | - Bright U Emenike
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - George B Cruz
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Ericka Cabañas
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Michelle A Vasquez
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Jewel N Joseph
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Zaid Ayaz
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Mohammed Mian
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed M Ali
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Evan G Clarke
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Eddy D Barrera
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Nimra Hameed
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Rubi
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Teddy F Dacius
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Jourvonn C Skeen
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Jalen R Bonitto
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Eric B Khairi
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Asma Iqbal
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Isra Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Tokunbo J Jose
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten P Lynch
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Amber Alivira
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Neena Mathew
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Sukhpreet Kaur
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Sidrah Masood
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Bettina Tranquilee
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Veni Thiruverkadu
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
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Dey M, Akter A, Islam S, Chandra Dey S, Choudhury TR, Fatema KJ, Begum BA. Assessment of contamination level, pollution risk and source apportionment of heavy metals in the Halda River water, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08625. [PMID: 34988319 PMCID: PMC8695248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the level of heavy metal pollution in the Halda River, the only natural breeding source of carps in Bangladesh. Water was collected from 12 different sampling points along the Halda River. Water at various locations was found satisfactory in terms of the assessed physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids). The presence of various cations and anions was also studied using ion chromatography. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify various heavy metals in the collected water samples. Among the heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Cu, and As concentration exceeded the safe limit suggested by WHO. The calculated heavy metal pollution index and metal index were found higher than the critical index value. The single-factor assessment (P i) and Nemerow's multi-factor index (P N) of heavy metals was calculated to find out the degree of pollution in the Halda River. The maximum values of P i (Cd), P i (Pb), P i (As), P i (Cu), and P i (Cr) were determined to be 26.67, 260.00, 17.00, 208.76 and 2.80 respectively. The maximum value of P N was found to be 289.04. The discharge of effluents from various large and small industries near the Halda River is considered to be the major source of the identified heavy metals. Multivariate statistical analysis such as principal component analysis, Pearson correlation matrix and cluster analysis revealed that most of the heavy metals originated from different anthropogenic sources. Multivariate analysis also showed that Co, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, NH4+, NO3- mainly came from artificial sources whereas Fe, Ca, As mainly originated from natural sources. Arsenic (As) also came from artificial sources with Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Dey
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Akter
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikat Chandra Dey
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tasrina Rabia Choudhury
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Konica Jannat Fatema
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Bilkis Ara Begum
- Atmospheric and Environmental Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Montazerifar F, Karajibani M, Lashkaripour M, Sayyad Mollashahi M, Niazi AA, Soltan Mohammadi M, Rahimi Helari S. Blood Lead Levels, Hemoglobin, and Liver Enzymes in Opium-Dependent Addicts. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:3. [PMID: 34084300 PMCID: PMC8106272 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_303_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opium addiction, as a major health problem, has been reported in Middle East countries. Recently, contaminated opium has been reported as a probable source of lead poisoning. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate blood lead levels (BLL), liver enzymes, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in opium-dependent addicts with healthy controls. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 75 opium-addicted men (case group) referred to Zahedan Baharan Hospital were evaluated. A group of 75 nonaddicted men were selected as a control group. BLL, Hb, and liver enzymes levels were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. Results The case group had elevated BLL compared to the controls (19.1 ± 1.6 vs. 9.1 ± 0.4; P < 0.0001). Hb concentrations were significantly lower in the patients compared to the controls (13.3 ± 1.6 vs. 15.1 ± 1.3; P < 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between BLL and opium addict duration in the case group (r = 0.52, P < 0.0001). Conclusions Due to the contamination of opium to lead, it seems that opiate addicts are at risk of lead poisoning. Thus, it is recommended that the blood lead level is frequently monitored to control the adverse effects of poisoning and prevent lead accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Montazerifar
- Department of Nutrition, Pregnancy Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mansour Karajibani
- Department of Nutrition, Health Promotion Research Center, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Maryam Lashkaripour
- Department of Psychiatric, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Manijeh Sayyad Mollashahi
- Department of Psychiatric, Baharan Psychiatric Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Niazi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Moghgan Soltan Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, Student Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rahimi Helari
- Department of Nutrition, Student Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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(Ascorb)ing Pb Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121311. [PMID: 33371438 PMCID: PMC7767447 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) neurotoxicity is a major concern, particularly in children. Developmental exposure to Pb can alter neurodevelopmental trajectory and has permanent neuropathological consequences, including an increased vulnerability to further stressors. Ascorbic acid is among most researched antioxidant nutrients and has a special role in maintaining redox homeostasis in physiological and physio-pathological brain states. Furthermore, because of its capacity to chelate metal ions, ascorbic acid may particularly serve as a potent therapeutic agent in Pb poisoning. The present review first discusses the major consequences of Pb exposure in children and then proceeds to present evidence from human and animal studies for ascorbic acid as an efficient ameliorative supplemental nutrient in Pb poisoning, with a particular focus on developmental Pb neurotoxicity. In doing so, it is hoped that there is a revitalization for further research on understanding the brain functions of this essential, safe, and readily available vitamin in physiological states, as well to justify and establish it as an effective neuroprotective and modulatory factor in the pathologies of the nervous system, including developmental neuropathologies.
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Ahmad F, Haque S, Ravinayagam V, Ahmad A, Kamli MR, Barreto GE, Ghulam Md Ashraf. Developmental lead (Pb)-induced deficits in redox and bioenergetic status of cerebellar synapses are ameliorated by ascorbate supplementation. Toxicology 2020; 440:152492. [PMID: 32407874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity induced by exposure to heavy metal lead (Pb) is a concern of utmost importance particularly for countries with industrial-based economies. The developing brain is especially sensitive to exposure to even minute quantities of Pb which can alter neurodevelopmental trajectory with irreversible effects on motor, emotive-social and cognitive attributes even into later adulthood. Chemical synapses form the major pathway of inter-neuronal communications and are prime candidates for higher order brain (motor, memory and behavior) functions and determine the resistance/susceptibility for neurological disorders, including neuropsychopathologies. The synaptic pathways and mechanisms underlying Pb-mediated alterations in neuronal signaling and plasticity are not completely understood. Employing a biochemically isolated synaptosomal fraction which is enriched in synaptic terminals and synaptic mitochondria, this study aimed to analyze the alterations in bioenergetic and redox/antioxidant status of cerebellar synapses induced by developmental exposure to Pb (0.2 %). Moreover, we test the efficacy of vitamin C (ascorbate; 500 mg/kg body weight), a neuroprotective and neuromodulatory antioxidant, in mitigation of Pb-induced neuronal deficits. Our results implicate redox and bioenergetic disruptions as an underlying feature of the synaptic dysfunction observed in developmental Pb neurotoxicity, potentially contributing to consequent deficits in motor, behavioral and psychological attributes of the organisms. In addition, we establish ascorbate as a key ingredient for therapeutic approach against Pb induced neurotoxicity, particularly for early-life exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijaya Ravinayagam
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Department of Nano-medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Soltaninejad K, Shadnia S. Lead Poisoning in Opium Abuser in Iran: A Systematic Review. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:3. [PMID: 29416839 PMCID: PMC5787876 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_22_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse and its consequences are major health hazards in the world. Opium addiction is a common form of substance abuse in Iran. Adulteration of illegal substances in the process of production and distribution of the drug in black market with many types of materials have been reported. One of the main goals of the adulteration of illegal substances is cutting of the substance for deal and increase of the weight for more benefit. However, adding of adulterating agents to illegal drugs could be considered as a cause of nonspecific and rare toxicity during substance abuse. Although the presence of lead in street-level heroin, marijuana, and amphetamines has been reported from some countries previously, recently, several reports suggested lead poisoning in Iranian opium addicts. Adulteration of opium with lead is a new source of lead poisoning in Iran in which the opium abuse is frequent and it could be a new health problem in the future. In this regard, evaluation of blood lead level would be important for early diagnosis of lead poisoning in opium addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Soltaninejad
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Shadnia
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Excellent Center of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital Poison Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Ahmad F, Salahuddin M, Alsamman K, AlMulla AA, Salama KF. Developmental lead (Pb)-induced deficits in hippocampal protein translation at the synapses are ameliorated by ascorbate supplementation. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:3289-3298. [PMID: 30568451 PMCID: PMC6276627 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s174083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is a persistent environmental neurotoxin and its exposure even in minute quantities has been known to induce neuronal defects. The immature brain is singularly sensitive to Pb neurotoxicity, and its exposure during development has permanent detrimental effects on the brain developmental trajectory and neuronal signaling and plasticity, culminating into compromises in the cognitive and behavioral attributes which persists even later in adulthood. Several molecular pathways have been implicated in the Pb-mediated disruption of neuronal signaling, including elevated oxidative stress, alterations in neurotransmitter biology, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nevertheless, the neuronal targets and biochemical pathways underlying these Pb-mediated alterations in synaptic development and function have not been completely deduced. In this respect, recent studies have shown that synaptic signaling and its maintenance and plasticity are critically dependent on localized de novo protein translation at the synaptic terminals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study hence aimed to assess the alterations in the synapse-specific translation induced by developmental Pb exposure. To this end, in vitro protein translation rate was analyzed in the hippocampal synaptoneurosomal fractions of rat pups pre- and postnatally exposed to Pb using a puromycin incorporation assay. Moreover, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of ascorbic acid supplementation against Pb-induced deficits in synapse-localized protein translation. RESULTS We observed a significant loss in the rates of de novo protein translation in synaptoneurosomes of Pb-exposed pups compared to age-matched control pups. Interestingly, ascorbate supplementation lead to an appreciable recovery in Pb-induced translational deficits. Moreover, the deficit in activity-dependent synaptic protein translation was found to correlate significantly with the increase in the blood Pb levels. CONCLUSION Dysregulation of synapse-localized de novo protein translation is a potentially critical determinant of Pb-induced synaptic dysfunction and the consequent deficits in behavioral, social, and psychological attributes of the organisms. In addition, our study establishes ascorbate supplementation as a key ameliorative agent against Pb-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- School of Life Science, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Vandulur, Chennai 600048, India,
| | - Mohammad Salahuddin
- Animal House Department, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldoon Alsamman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A AlMulla
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled F Salama
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Kim JH, Kang JC. Toxic effects on bioaccumulation and hematological parameters of juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegelii exposed to dietary lead (Pb) and ascorbic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 176:131-140. [PMID: 28260654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii (mean length 11.3 ± 1.2 cm, and mean weight 32.5 ± 4.1 g) were exposed for four weeks to dietary lead (Pb2+) at 0, 120, and 240 mg/L and ascorbic acid (AsA) at 100, 200, and 400 mg/L. The exposure concentrations and duration of significant Pb-induced accumulations in specific tissues of S. schlegelii were assessed. High levels of ascorbic acid significantly attenuated accumulations following exposure to dietary Pb. Dietary Pb exposure caused a significant increase in blood Pb concentrations, whereas red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were significantly decreased. Notable changes were also observed in plasma calcium, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT). The growth performance of S. schlegelii was significantly decreased. High doses AsA supplemention were effective in attenuating the changes brought about by dietary Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Kim
- West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon 22383, South Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.
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12
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Jin X, Liu CP, Teng XH, Fu J. Effects of Dietary Selenium Against Lead Toxicity Are Related to the Ion Profile in Chicken Muscle. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:496-503. [PMID: 26743866 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Complex antagonistic interactions between Selenium (Se) and heavy metals have been reported in previous studies. However, little is known regarding the effects of Se on lead (Pb)-induced toxicity and the ion profile in the muscles of chickens. In this present study, we fed chickens either Se or Pb or both Se and Pb supplement and later analyzed the concentrations of 26 ions in chicken muscle tissues. We determined that a Se- and Pb-containing diets significantly affected microelements in chicken muscle. Treatment with Se increased the content of Se but resulted in a reduced concentration of Cu, As, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Ba. Treatment with Pb increased concentrations of Ni while reducing those of B, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mo. Moreover, Se also reduced the concentration of Pb, Zn, Co, Fe, V, and Cr, which in contrast were induced by Pb. Additionally, we also found that synergistic and antagonistic interactions existed between Se and Pb supplementation. Our findings suggested that Se can exert a negative effect on Pb in chicken muscle tissues and may be related to changes in ion profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Peng Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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Grattan J, Huxley S, Abu Karaki L, Toland H, Gilbertson D, Pyatt B, al Saad Z. ‘Death... more desirable than life’? The human skeletal record and toxicological implications of ancient copper mining and smelting in Wadi Faynan, southwestern Jordan. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 18:297-307. [PMID: 14992467 DOI: 10.1191/0748233702th153oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal material from 36 people, dating from the early Christian era, who lived by or worked in the notorious Roman copper mines of Phaeno, were analysed to determine their exposure to copper and lead. We demonstrate that many of the bones analysed had a substantially higher concentration of these cations than modern individuals exposed to metals through industrial processes. Health, toxicological and environmental implications of these data are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Grattan
- The Institute of Geography and Earth Science, The University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK.
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14
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Kim HC, Jang TW, Chae HJ, Choi WJ, Ha MN, Ye BJ, Kim BG, Jeon MJ, Kim SY, Hong YS. Evaluation and management of lead exposure. Ann Occup Environ Med 2015; 27:30. [PMID: 26677413 PMCID: PMC4681084 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-015-0085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead, which is widely used in industry, is a common element found in low concentrations in the Earth's crust. Implementations to reduce environmental lead concentrations have resulted in a considerable reduction of lead levels in the environment (air) and a sustained reduction in the blood lead levels of the average citizen. However, people are still being exposed to lead through a variety of routes in everyday commodities. Lead causes health problems such as toxicity of the liver, kidneys, hematopoietic system, and nervous system. Having a carcinogenic risk as well, the IARC classifies inorganic lead compounds as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). Occupational lead poisonings have decreased due to the efforts to reduce the lead concentrations in the working environment. In contrast, health hazards associated with long-term environmental exposure to low concentrations of lead have been reported steadily. In particular, chronic exposure to low concentrations of lead has been reported to induce cognitive behavioral disturbances in children. It is almost impossible to remove lead completely from the human body, and it is not easy to treat health hazards due to lead exposure. Therefore, reduction and prevention of lead exposure are very important. We reviewed the toxicity and health hazards, monitoring and evaluation, and management of lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Cheol Kim
- />Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-Ro, Jung-Gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Jang
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul South Korea
| | - Hong-Jae Chae
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, KS Hospital, 220, Wangbeodeul-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Won-Jun Choi
- />Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Na Ha
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do South Korea
| | - Byeong-Jin Ye
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, 26, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Gwon Kim
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Man-Joong Jeon
- />Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Young-Nam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeong Kim
- />Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, InJe University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young-Seoub Hong
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea
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15
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Afridi HI, Talpur FN, Kazi TG, Brabazon D. Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their effect on the essential elemental status in the biological samples of Irish smoker rheumatoid arthritis consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:157. [PMID: 25736830 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking interferes with the metal homeostasis of the human body, which plays a crucial role for maintaining the health. A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. In the present study, the relationship between toxic element (TE) exposure via cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis incidence in population living in Dublin, Ireland, is investigated. The trace {zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se)} and toxic elements arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were determined in biological (scalp hair and blood) samples of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, who are smokers living in Dublin, Ireland. These results were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy, nonsmoker controls. The different brands of cigarette (filler tobacco, filter, and ash) consumed by the studied population were also analyzed for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb. The concentrations of trace and TEs in biological samples and different components of cigarette were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked using certified reference materials. The recovery of all the studied elements was found to be in the range of 96.4-99.8% in certified reference materials. The filler tobacco of different branded cigarettes contains Hg, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the ranges of 9.55-12.4 ng, 0.432-0.727 μg, 1.70-2.12 μg, and 0.378-1.16 μg/cigarette, respectively. The results of this study showed that the mean values of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair and blood samples of rheumatoid arthritis patients as compare to healthy controls, while Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se concentrations were found to be lower in rheumatoid arthritis patients, the difference was significant in the case of smoker patients (p<0.001). The levels of four toxic elements were 2-3-folds higher in scalp hair and blood samples of nonrheumatoid arthritis smoker subjects as compared to nonsmoker controls. The high exposure of toxic metals as a result of cigarette smoking may be synergistic with risk factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan,
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16
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Ali Z, Kazi AG, Malik RN, Naz M, Khan T, Hayat A, Kazi AM. Heavy Metal Built-Up in Agricultural Soils of Pakistan: Sources, Ecological Consequences, and Possible Remediation Measures. SOIL BIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14526-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Rendón-Ramírez AL, Maldonado-Vega M, Quintanar-Escorza MA, Hernández G, Arévalo-Rivas BI, Zentella-Dehesa A, Calderón-Salinas JV. Effect of vitamin E and C supplementation on oxidative damage and total antioxidant capacity in lead-exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:45-54. [PMID: 24560336 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The molecular response of the antioxidant system and the effects of antioxidant supplementation against oxidative insult in lead-exposed workers has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, antioxidants (vitamin E 400 IU+vitamin C 1g/daily) were supplemented for one year to 15 workers exposed to lead (73 μg of lead/dl of blood) and the results were compared with those on 19 non-lead exposed workers (6.7 μg of lead/dl). Lead intoxication was accompanied by a high oxidative damage and an increment in the erythrocyte antioxidant response due to increased activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Antioxidant supplementations decreased significantly the oxidative damage as well as the total antioxidant capacity induced by lead intoxication with reduction of the antioxidant enzyme activities. We conclude that antioxidant supplementation is effective in reducing oxidative damage and induces modifications in the physiopathological status of the antioxidant response in lead-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gerardo Hernández
- Section of Methodology of Science, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados IPN, México, DF, Mexico
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18
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Pandey P, Patel DK, Khan AH, Barman SC, Murthy RC, Kisku GC. Temporal distribution of fine particulates (PM₂.₅:PM₁₀), potentially toxic metals, PAHs and Metal-bound carcinogenic risk in the population of Lucknow City, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:730-45. [PMID: 23445416 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.744613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous fine particulates can readily be bound to toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and are considered to be a great threat to human health. The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of air pollution risks to public health by determining four crucial parameters- inhalable particulates, metals in particulates and PAHs which are associated with PM₁₀ in the air environment of Lucknow, India during 2007-09. The values of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ ranged between 102.3-240.5 and 28.0-196.9 μg/m³ whilst the average PM₁₀ was 1.7 times and PM was 1.5 times higher than their respective NAAQS of 100 and 60 μg/m³ respectively. The estimated relative death rate and hospital admissions for each increase in the PM₁₀ levels of 10 μg/m³ ranged from 1.5-8% and from 3.9-8.0% (as per APHEA2 1990) respectively in persons > 65 yrs. Among the locations; AQ, AQ and AQ (with diversified activities and heavy traffic) recorded higher concentrations of both the particulate fractions than the AQ (residential area with low traffic). The average concentrations of Fe, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd in PM₁₀ were 219.4, 40.6, 35.1, 27.3, 22.2 and 16.2 ng/m³ and that in PM₂.₅ were 54.3, 33.9, 38.5, 29.4, 8.4, and 1.17 ng/m³ respectively Regression analysis revealed that correlation of metals with PM₂.₅ was stronger than PM. The ratio of metals adsorbed on surface of particles (PM₂.₅:PM₁₀) reveals that PM₂.₅ has more affinity for Ni, Cu and Pb and PM₁₀ for Cd, Fe and Cr. Health risk due to carcinogenic metals bound to respirable particulates was predicted by estimating excess cancer risk (ECR). The highest ECR value was estimated for Cr, 266.70 × 10⁻⁶, which was associated with PM10 and 100.92 × 10⁻⁶ which was associated with PM₂.₅, whereas lead has the lowest ECR value. Amongst PAHs, benzo(a)pyrene (51.96 ± 19.71 ng/m) was maximum in PM₁₀ samples. Maximum concentrations of PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, metals and PAHs were detected during winter, and the lowest was during monsoon. The higher prevalence of diseases among the population may be due to high concentration of particulates coated with toxic metals and PAHs present in air environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pandey
- Environmental Monitoring Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, India
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Coats D, Shelton-Dodge K, Ou K, Khun V, Seab S, Sok K, Prou C, Tortorelli S, Moyer TP, Cooper LE, Begley TP, Enders F, Fischer PR, Topazian M. Thiamine deficiency in Cambodian infants with and without beriberi. J Pediatr 2012; 161:843-7. [PMID: 22703952 PMCID: PMC6040653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that heavy metal toxicity and consumption of thiaminase-containing foods predispose to symptomatic thiamine deficiency. STUDY DESIGN In a case-control study, thiamine diphosphate (TDP) blood concentrations were measured in 27 infants diagnosed with beriberi at a rural clinic, as well as their mothers and healthy Cambodian and American controls. Blood and urine levels of lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and thallium were measured. Local food samples were analyzed for thiaminase activity. RESULTS Mean TDP level among cases and Cambodian controls was 48 and 56 nmol/L, respectively (P = .08) and was 132 nmol/L in American controls (P < .0001 compared with both Cambodian groups). Mean TDP level of mothers of cases and Cambodian controls was 57 and 57 nmol/L (P = .92), and was 126 nmol/L in American mothers (P < .0001 compared with both Cambodian groups). Cases (but not controls) had lower blood TDP levels than their mothers (P = .02). Infant TDP level decreased with infant age and was positively associated with maternal TDP level. Specific diagnostic criteria for beriberi did not correlate with TDP level. There was no correlation between heavy metal levels and either TDP level or case/control status. No thiaminase activity was observed in food samples. CONCLUSIONS Thiamine deficiency is endemic among infants and nursing mothers in rural southeastern Cambodia and is often clinically inapparent. Neither heavy metal toxicity nor consumption of thiaminase-containing foods account for thiamine deficiency in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Coats
- Eastern Mennonite Mission, Prey Veng, Cambodia
| | | | - Kevanna Ou
- National Maternal and Child Health Center, National Nutrition Program
| | - Vannara Khun
- University of Health Science, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sommon Seab
- Svai Chrum Clinic, Mesang District, Prey Veng, Cambodia
| | - Kimsan Sok
- Life University, Sihanoukville, Cambodia
| | - Chiva Prou
- Life University, Sihanoukville, Cambodia
| | - Silvia Tortorelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Thomas P. Moyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lisa E. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Tadhg P. Begley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Felicity Enders
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Philip R. Fischer
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark Topazian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Brabazon D, Naher S. Interaction between zinc, cadmium, and lead in scalp hair samples of Pakistani and Irish smokers rheumatoid arthritis subjects in relation to controls. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:139-47. [PMID: 22351104 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with cigarette smoking. The aim of our study was to assess the trace essential and toxic metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), in scalp hair samples of 32 Irish and 46 Pakistani smokers and non-smokers RA male patients with age range 42-56 years. For comparison purpose, the scalp hair samples of 27 Irish and 55 Pakistani non-RA male subjects of the same age group were collected. The concentrations of trace and toxic elements were measured by inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology was checked using certified reference materials and using conventional wet acid digestion method on the same certified reference materials (CRMs). The recovery of all studied elements was found to be in the range of 97.5-99.7% of certified reference values of CRMs. The results of this study showed that the mean values of Cd and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair samples of both smoker and non-smoker RA patients than in referents (P < 0.001), whereas the concentration of Zn was lower in the scalp hair samples of smokers and non-smokers rheumatoid arthritis patients. The deficiency of Zn and the high exposure of Cd and Pb as a result of cigarette smoking may be synergistic risk factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Imran Afridi
- Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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21
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Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Brabazon D, Naher S. Association between essential trace and toxic elements in scalp hair samples of smokers rheumatoid arthritis subjects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 412-413:93-100. [PMID: 22033362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been increased among people who possess habit of tobacco smoking. In the present study, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were determined in scalp hair samples of smokers and nonsmokers RA patients, residents of Dublin, Ireland. For comparison purposes scalp hair samples of age and sex matched healthy smokers and nonsmokers were also analyzed. The concentrations of understudied elements were measured by inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer, prior to microwave assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of methodology was checked using certified reference material (NCS ZC 81002b) and by the conventional wet acid digestion method on the same certified reference material and on real samples. The mean hair Zn, Cu and Mn contents were significantly lower in smokers and nonsmokers RA patients as compared to healthy individuals (p=0.01-0.001). Whereas the concentrations of Cd and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair samples of RA patients of both group (p<0.001). The referent smokers have high level of Cd and Pb in their scalp hair samples as compared to those had not smoking tobacco (p<0.01). The ratio of Cd and Pb to Zn, Cu and Mn in scalp hair samples was also calculated. The Cd/Zn ratio was higher in smoker RA patients with related to nonsmoker RA and referents. This study is compelling evidence in support of positive associations between toxic elements, cigarette smoking, deficiency of essential trace elements and risk of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Imran Afridi
- Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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22
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Light and electron microscopic study of the toxic effect of prolonged lead exposure on the seminiferous tubules of albino rats and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:734-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chaiwong S, Sthiannopkao S, Kim K, Chuenchoojit S, Poopatpiboon K, Poodendean C, Supanpaiboon W. Urinary cadmium level in children between nine to fifteen years old in three Sub-districts of Tak Province in Thailand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Company R, Serafim A, Lopes B, Cravo A, Shepherd TJ, Pearson G, Bebianno MJ. Using biochemical and isotope geochemistry to understand the environmental and public health implications of lead pollution in the lower Guadiana River, Iberia: a freshwater bivalve study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 405:109-119. [PMID: 18722647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a natural component of aquatic ecosystems with no known biological role and is highly toxic. Its toxicity stems from its ability to mimic biologically important metals and to produce membrane damage through lipid peroxidation (LPO). Most lead poisoning symptoms are thought to occur by interfering with an essential enzyme, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), the activity of which is markedly inhibited by lead. The purpose of this work was to study the levels and effects of lead pollution (responses of ALAD and oxidative stress biomarker LPO) in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea along the lower Guadiana River (Portugal and Spain); a major river system impacted by historic mining pollution and more recent anthropogenic inputs. The results show that the enzymatic activity of ALAD is negatively correlated with the total Pb concentration of the whole tissue suggesting that ALAD has considerable potential as a biomarker of lead exposure in C. fluminea. To identify the sources of lead to which bivalves have been exposed, high precision (206)Pb/(204)Pb, (207)Pb/(204)Pb, (208)Pb/(204)/Pb ratios for C. fluminea confirm that historical mining activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt are the dominant source of lead pollution in the lower Guadiana River. The isotope patterns however exhibit marked seasonal and geographic variation in response to rainfall and river water management. Locally, other anthropogenic sources of lead have been detected in C. fluminea close to population centres, thus adding to its versatility as a freshwater bio-indicator. Overall, the study highlights the value of natural ecosystems as monitors of water quality and their importance for public health assessment and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Company
- CIMA, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Tariq SA. Role of ascorbic acid in scavenging free radicals and lead toxicity from biosystems. Mol Biotechnol 2007; 37:62-5. [PMID: 17914166 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-007-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals are reactive species that are responsible for damaging normal cells and creating diseases in humans. Antioxidants from natural resources or as supplements can scavenge these radicals. A MedLine search indicates that vitamin C is the most investigated antioxidant responsible for the elimination of free radicals. Its chelating property for the removal of neurotoxic lead, which creates oxidative stress in the human biosystem, was investigated and results indicate its great potential as a lead-detoxifying agent.
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Ahamed M, Siddiqui MKJ. Low level lead exposure and oxidative stress: Current opinions. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 383:57-64. [PMID: 17573057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lead continues to pose a serious threat to the health of many children as well as adults. Concern about lead exposure as a significant public health problem has increased as evidence has mounted regarding adverse health effects at successively lower levels. This issue is complicated by the fact that there is no demonstrated biological function of lead in human. Lead potentially induces oxidative stress and evidence is accumulating to support the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of lead toxicity. Lead is capable of inducing oxidative damage to brain, heart, kidneys, and reproductive organs. The mechanisms for lead-induced oxidative stress include the effects of lead on membranes, DNA, and antioxidant defense systems of cells. Recent epidemiological and toxicological studies have reported that lead exposure causes several diseases including hypertension, kidney disease, neurodegenerative disease and cognitive impairment. Although all these diseases include components of oxidative stress, the relevance of oxidative stress to lead-related diseases with low lead exposure has been criticized because most of the mechanistic studies have been conducted at moderate to higher dose levels. The association between low level lead exposure and oxidative stress has not been explored systematically. The present review focuses on mechanisms for lead-induced oxidative stress and relevance of oxidative stress to lead-related human disease with low lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahamed
- Analytical Toxicology, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P.O. Box-80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226 001, India
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Pan B, Pan B, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Chen J. Preparation and preliminary assessment of polymer-supported zirconium phosphate for selective lead removal from contaminated water. WATER RESEARCH 2006; 40:2938-46. [PMID: 16844183 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, polymer-supported zirconium phosphate (ZrP-CP) was prepared for selective removal of lead from the contaminated water. ZrP-CP was characterized using nitrogen adsorption technique, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Lead sorption on ZrP-CP was found to be pH dependent due to the ion- exchange mechanism. Also, ZrP-CP was proved to be more selective than the polystyrene strong-acid cation exchanger D-001 to remove lead ion from water, where other competing cations such as Na(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) ions coexist at high concentrations. Generally, lead sorption isotherms on ZrP-CP can be divided into two distinct regions at different load levels, and isotherms at both regions can be well elucidated by Langmuir model. The distribution coefficients (K(d)) and binding constants (B(L)) obtained experimentally indicated that stronger sorption affinity of ZrP-CP towards the lead ion occurs at a relatively lower load level. Also, lead sorption onto ZrP-CP was found to be an endothermic and entropy-driven process. High selectivity of ZrP-CP towards the lead ion was possibly attributed to the crystal state of zirconium phosphate and a specific interaction between orthophosphate and lead ion. Fixed-bed column runs showed that lead sorption on ZrP-CP could result in a conspicuous decrease of this toxic metal from 0.5 mg/L to below 0.01 mg/L, which is recommended as the standard of drinking water by WHO (the treatment technique standard set by US EPA is 0.015 mg/L). Also, the spent sorbent can be readily regenerated for reuse by dilute HNO(3) or HCl solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingcai Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Liang J, Shan G, Wang Y, Shi Q. Impacts of ascorbic acid and thiamine supplementation at different concentrations on lead toxicity in testis. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 370:82-8. [PMID: 16513100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2005] [Revised: 01/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutant that may have toxic effects on the male reproductive system. We explored the mechanism and examine the impacts of combined administration of ascorbic acid and thiamine at different levels on apoptosis in the testes of lead-exposed mice. METHODS Seventy-five male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (15 mice/group): control, lead-treated and vitamin-treated group (low, middle and high dose) with ascorbic acid (140, 420, 1260 mg/kg) and thiamine (10, 30, 90 mg/kg ) by oral gavage daily. All lead-exposed animals received 0.2% lead acetate in drinking water. DNA damage of testicular cells was assessed by SCGE; the levels of TGFbeta1 and caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry; apoptotic cell was determined by TUNEL. RESULTS Compared with control group, the expressions of TGFbeta1 and caspase-3, apoptotic index (AI) and DNA damage were increased significantly in lead-exposed group (P<0.05). After intervention of low and middle doses vitamin, the incidence of DNA damage and the number of apoptotic cells in testis were obviously lower than the lead-exposed group (P<0.05) and the impaired tissues were ameliorative. However, simultaneous supplementation of ascorbic acid and thiamine at the highest dose promoted testicular cell apoptosis via increased expressions of TGFbeta1 and caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS The combination treatment with thiamine and ascorbic acid at lower doses effectively inhibited testicular cells from apoptosis by lead acetate, but higher doses could aggravate the testicular lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, DongHu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.
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Ademuyiwa O, Ugbaja RN, Ojo DA, Owoigbe AO, Adeokun SE. Reversal of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) inhibition and reduction of erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels by Vitamin C in occupational lead exposure in Abeokuta, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2005; 20:404-411. [PMID: 21783619 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2004] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the toxic effects of lead during occupational exposure to this metal, the activity of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and the concentrations of erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EPP) were determined in blood of various artisans in Abeokuta, Nigeria and these were related to blood lead levels. ALAD activity in the artisans was inhibited to varying extents. ALAD activity was inhibited to the tune of 77% in petrol station attendants while the lowest inhibition of 36% was obtained in the welders. EPP was also significantly increased in the artisans (p<0.001). The highest EPP level of 241.57±89.27μg/100ml of red blood cell was observed in upholsterers. A significant (p<0.001) negative correlation was observed between ALAD activity and blood lead levels on one hand (r=-0.631) and between ALAD activity and EPP on the other hand (r=-0.461). Administration of a daily dose of 500mg ascorbic acid for 2 weeks reversed the lead-induced inhibition of ALAD. Increased EPP levels observed in the artisans also responded positively to the ascorbic acid supplementation. A significant reduction (p<0.001) in blood lead was also observed in the artisans at the end of the 2-week ascorbic acid therapy. Our findings indicate that ascorbic acid may offer more advantages over the conventional agents for the treatment of lead poisoning, especially in cases where the subjects cannot be removed from the source of lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ademuyiwa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Silva ALOD, Barrocas PR, Jacob SDC, Moreira JC. Dietary intake and health effects of selected toxic elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202005000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have being contributing to the spread of toxic chemicals into the environment, including several toxic metals and metalloids, increasing the levels of human exposure to many of them. Contaminated food is an important route of human exposure and may represent a serious threat to human health. This mini review covers the health effects caused by toxic metals, especially Cd, Hg, Pb and As, the most relevant toxic elements from a human health point of view.
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Pyatt FB, Pyatt AJ, Walker C, Sheen T, Grattan JP. The heavy metal content of skeletons from an ancient metalliferous polluted area in southern Jordan with particular reference to bioaccumulation and human health. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2005; 60:295-300. [PMID: 15590007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Accepted: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers pollution/toxicological science in an archaeological context. Copper mining was an important activity in southern Jordan, especially during the Bronze Age, Nabatean, Roman, and Byzantine periods, and the environmental legacy of such intensive mining and smelting activities exists today in the form of massive, ancient spoil and smelting tips. The environment was heavily polluted by copper, lead, and other cations during these early periods and the effects of such pollutants continue into modern times. Samples of goat, sheep, and Bronze Age and Byzantine skeletons have been analyzed and high metal loads, from uptake by diverse processes, are reported. Emphasis is placed on the importance of sampling procedure and sample location, bioaccumulation, and the partitioning of such elements. Implications of such pollutants in terms of environmental and human health in ancient and modern times are discussed. Teeth are found to provide excellent vehicles for the monitoring of pollution in both ancient and recent times. Bronze Age skeletons exhibited chemical fingerprints different from those of the Byzantine period.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Pyatt
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, College of Science and Technology, The Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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Suzuki TM, Llosa Tanco MA, Pacheco Tanaka DA, Hayashi H, Takahashi Y. Simple detection of trace Pb2+ by enrichment on cerium phosphate membrane filter coupled with color signaling. Analyst 2005; 130:1537-42. [PMID: 16222377 DOI: 10.1039/b508416d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Pb(2+) selective membrane filter was fabricated from the fibrous CeO(H(2)PO(4))(2).2H(2)O (CeP) crystals by blending with cellulose fiber. Enrichment of ppb level of Pb(2+) was achieved simply by filtration of aqueous sample solution through the membrane filter. Pb(2+) was strongly retained on the membrane filter by accommodation into the interlayer gallery of a CeP crystal. Visual detection of the enriched Pb(2+) was achieved by subsequent color signaling as PbS deposit upon treatment of the membrane filter with 3% Na(2)S solution. The analytical procedure and sample treatment conditions were optimized with respect to pH of the sample solution, filtration rate and masking of interfering ions. Detection of 20 ppb of Pb(2+) was not interfered by the presence of 1000-fold of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and up to 100-fold of Fe(3+)and Cu(2+) by masking with 1 x 10(-3) mol dm(-3) of iminodiacetic acid (IDA). Most anions including phosphate (20 000 times) did not interfere with the determination of Pb(2+). The present simple method was applied to the determination of Pb(2+) in real samples like mine valley water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshishige M Suzuki
- Research Center for Compact Chemical Process, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sendai 983-8551, Japan
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Onunkwor B, Dosumu O, Odukoya OO, Arowolo T, Ademuyiwa O. Biomarkers of lead exposure in petrol station attendants and auto-mechanics in Abeokuta, Nigeria: effect of 2-week ascorbic acid supplementation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2004; 17:169-176. [PMID: 21782728 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 04/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid in chronic lead poisoning, petrol station attendants and auto-mechanics in Abeokuta, Nigeria, who have been shown to be occupationally exposed to lead and university students (serving as control), were supplemented daily with 500mg ascorbic acid for 2 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected from the subjects before and after ascorbic acid regimen and analysed for lead and biochemical effects associated with lead toxicity. The 2-week ascorbic acid supplementation resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in blood lead in the occupationally exposed subjects. The reduction in blood lead amounted to 57% in male petrol station attendants, 50% in female petrol station attendants and 44% in the auto-mechanics. Urinary excretion of lead increased remarkably in the occupationally exposed subjects (P < 0.05). The biochemical effects associated with the toxic effects of lead also responded positively to the ascorbic acid regimen. Plasma and urine aminolevulinic acid (ALA) were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by as much as 55% and 57% respectively. Plasma calcium also increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the subjects. Decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and hemoglobin observed in the occupationally exposed subjects were reversed by ascorbic acid. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities were not affected. Our findings indicate that ascorbic acid may be useful as an economical and convenient prophylactic agent for lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Onunkwor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Suzuki TM, Kobayashi S, Pacheco Tanaka DA, Llosa Tanco MA, Nagase T, Onodera Y. Separation and concentration of trace Pb(II) by the porous resin loaded with α-zirconium phosphate crystals. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2003.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Varnai VM, Piasek M, Blanusa M, Juresa D, Sarić M, Kostial K. Ascorbic Acid Supplementation Does Not Improve Efficacy of meso
-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Treatment in Lead-Exposed Suckling Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 93:180-5. [PMID: 14629742 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2003.930405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was suggested that ascorbic acid as a natural chelating agent can influence lead toxicokinetics and improve chelating properties of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in adult rats. In this paper potential benefits of ascorbic acid supplementation, alone or combined with DMSA, in decreasing lead retention in suckling rats were evaluated. Such data in young mammals are not available. L-Ascorbic acid (daily dose 650 mg/kg b.wt.) and/or DMSA (daily dose 91 mg/kg b.wt.) were administered orally to suckling Wistar rats either during ongoing 8-day oral lead exposure (as acetate; daily dose 2 mg lead/kg b.wt.) or after 3-day lead exposure (total dose 12 mg lead/kg b.wt.). Lead concentrations were analysed in the carcass (skeleton), liver, kidneys and brain by atomic absorption spectrometry. By ascorbic acid supplementation lead retention was not reduced under either lead exposure condition. Lead concentration was even increased in the carcass. Treatment with DMSA under both exposure conditions significantly reduced lead in all analysed tissues. Combined treatment with ascorbic acid and DMSA during ongoing lead exposure was substantially less effective than DMSA treatment alone, and did not affect DMSA efficacy when administered after lead exposure. It was concluded that ascorbic acid administered either during or after lead exposure in suckling rats has no beneficial effect on either lead retention or DMSA chelation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda Marija Varnai
- Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
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