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Li X, Liu Y, Qi Y, Wu Y, Wang M, Gao J, Su Q, Ma J, Qin L. Maternal Serum Polyols and Its Link to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1858-1865. [PMID: 38189482 PMCID: PMC11180503 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sugar alcohols (also called polyols) are regarded as a "healthy" sugar substitute. One of the possible reasons for their safe use in pregnant women is their natural origin and the presence of polyols in maternal and fetal samples during normal human gestation. But little is known about the association between circulating sugar alcohols levels and maternal metabolic disorders during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to detect the concentration of the polyols in participants with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to investigate the association between maternal serum levels of polyols and GDM, as well as newborn outcomes. METHODS A nested population-based case-control study was conducted in 109 women with and without GDM. Maternal concentrations of serum erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol in the fasting state were quantified using a time of flight mass spectrometry system. RESULT In women with GDM, serum concentrations of erythritol and sorbitol were higher, but serum concentrations of xylitol were lower than those in women without GDM. Per 1-SD increment of Box-Cox-transformed concentrations of erythritol and sorbitol were associated with the increased odds of GDM by 43% and 155% (95% CI 1.07-1.92 and 95% CI 1.77-3.69), while decreased odds were found for xylitol by 25% (95% CI 0.57-1.00). Additionally, per 1-SD increase of Box-Cox-transformed concentrations of serum sorbitol was associated with a 52% increased odds of large for gestational age newborns controlling for possible confounders (95% CI 1.00-2.30). CONCLUSION Maternal circulating sugar alcohols levels during pregnancy were significantly associated with GDM. These findings provide the potential roles of polyols on maternal metabolic health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yicheng Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Health & Medicine Sciences (Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital), Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pujiang Community Health Service Center, Minhang District, Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Health & Medicine Sciences (Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital), Shanghai 202150, China
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Wu YF, Salamanca E, Chen IW, Su JN, Chen YC, Wang SY, Sun YS, Teng NC, Chang WJ. Xylitol-Containing Chewing Gum Reduces Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Bacteria in Dental Plaque—Microbiome Investigation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:882636. [PMID: 35634392 PMCID: PMC9131035 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.882636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDental caries and periodontal disease remain the most prevalent oral health problems in the world. Chewing xylitol gum may help reduce the risk of caries and periodontitis for dental health benefits. However, little evidence has shown healthy food estimation by sequencing 16S rDNA in oral microbial communities. This study investigated the clinical effect of xylitol chewing gum on dental plaque accumulation and microbiota composition using the PacBio full-length sequencing platform in 24 young adults (N = 24). The participants were randomly assigned to xylitol chewing gum and control (no chewing gum) groups. Participants in the chewing gum group chewed ten pieces of gum (a total of 6.2 g xylitol/day). Dental plaque from all teeth was collected for weighing, measuring the pH value, and analysis of microbial communities at the beginning (baseline, M0) and end of the 2-week (effect, M1) study period.ResultsThe results suggested a 20% reduction in dental plaque accumulation (p < 0.05) among participants chewing xylitol gum for 2 weeks, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes (a type of pathogenic bacteria associated with caries) decreased by 10.26% (p < 0.05) and that of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria (two types of pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis) decreased by 6.32% (p < 0.001) and 1.66% (p < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria was increased by 9.24% (p < 0.001), which has been proven to have a higher proportion in dental plaque of healthy adults. However, the dental plaque pH value stayed in a healthy range for the two groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, chewing xylitol gum would benefit cariogenic and periodontal bacterial reduction in the oral cavity, which could help to prevent the diseases related to these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eisner Salamanca
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ning Su
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin Yu Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sui Sun
- School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chia Teng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation and Center of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Nai-Chia Teng,
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Wei-Jen Chang,
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Imbery CA, Dieterle F, Ottka C, Weber C, Schlotterbeck G, Müller E, Lohi H, Giger U. Metabolomic serum abnormalities in dogs with hepatopathies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5329. [PMID: 35351920 PMCID: PMC8964695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatopathies can cause major metabolic abnormalities in humans and animals. This study examined differences in serum metabolomic parameters and patterns in left-over serum samples from dogs with either congenital portosystemic shunts (cPSS, n = 24) or high serum liver enzyme activities (HLEA, n = 25) compared to control dogs (n = 64). A validated targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy platform was used to assess 123 parameters. Principal component analysis of the serum metabolome demonstrated distinct clustering among individuals in each group, with the cluster of HLEA being broader compared to the other groups, presumably due to the wider spectrum of hepatic diseases represented in these samples. While younger and older adult control dogs had very similar metabolomic patterns and clusters, there were changes in many metabolites in the hepatopathy groups. Higher phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations, lower branched-chained amino acids (BCAAs) concentrations, and altered fatty acid parameters were seen in cPSS dogs compared to controls. In contrast, dogs with HLEA had increased concentrations of BCAAs, phenylalanine, and various lipoproteins. Machine learning based solely on the metabolomics data showed excellent group classification, potentially identifying a novel tool to differentiate hepatopathies. The observed changes in metabolic parameters could provide invaluable insight into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of hepatopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin A Imbery
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688, Bad Kissingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Dieterle
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ottka
- PetMeta Labs Oy, 00300, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Corinna Weber
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Götz Schlotterbeck
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | - Hannes Lohi
- PetMeta Labs Oy, 00300, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urs Giger
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Section of Medical Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Muneeswaran G, Patel SKS, Kondaveeti S, Shanmugam R, Gopinath K, Kumar V, Kim SY, Lee JK, Kalia VC, Kim IW. Biotin and Zn 2+ Increase Xylitol Production by Candida tropicalis. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:331-337. [PMID: 34294999 PMCID: PMC8263835 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the medium requirements to increase the production of xylitol by using Candida tropicalis (CT) have been investigated. The technique of single addition or omission of medium components was applied to determine the nutritional requirements. The addition of amino acids such as Asp, Glu, Gln, Asn, Thr, and Gly had no significant effect on CT growth. However, in the absence of other metal ions, there was a higher concentration of cell growth and xylitol production when only Zn2+ was present in the medium. The analysis of various vitamins unveiled that biotin and thiamine were the only vitamins required for the growth of CT. Surprisingly, when only biotin was present in the medium as a vitamin, there was less growth of CT than when the medium was complete, but the amount of xylitol released was significantly higher. Overall, this study will increase the xylitol production using the single omission or addtion technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusamy Muneeswaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay K. S. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanath Kondaveeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Ramasamy Shanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Krishnasamy Gopinath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Shin-Ansan University, Ansan, 15435 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - In-Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Wang D, Wang J, Li K, Heng C, Jiang L, Cai C, Zhan X. Effects of different stocking densities on tracheal barrier function and its metabolic changes in finishing broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6307-6316. [PMID: 33248546 PMCID: PMC7704944 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of various stocking densities on the tracheal barrier and plasma metabolic profiles of finishing broilers. We randomly assigned 1,440 Lingnan Yellow feathered broilers (age 22 d) to 5 different stocking density groups (8 m-2, 10 m-2, 12 m-2, 14 m-2, and 16 m-2). Each of these consisted of 3 replicates. The interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 concentrations were substantially higher in the 16 m-2 treatment group than they were in the 8 m-2 and 10 m-2 treatment groups (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, IL-4 did not significantly differ among the 5 treatments (P > 0.05). The tracheal mucosae of the birds in the 16 m-2 group (high stocking density, HSD) were considerably thicker than those for the birds in the 10 m-2 group (control, CSD). Relative to CSD, the claudin1 expression level was lower, and the muc2 and caspase3 expression levels were higher for HSD. Compared with CSD, 10 metabolites were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), and 7 were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) in HSD. Most of these putative diagnostic biomarkers were implicated in matter biosynthesis and energy metabolism. A metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the most relevant and critical biomarkers were pentose and glucuronate interconversions and the pentose phosphate pathway. Activation of the aforementioned pathways may partially counteract the adverse effects of the stress induced by high stocking density. This work helped improve our understanding of the harmful effects of high stocking density on the tracheal barrier and identified 2 metabolic pathways that might be associated with high stocking density-induced metabolic disorders in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dianchun Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangshui Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chianning Heng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhao Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuan Zhan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Ahuja V, Macho M, Ewe D, Singh M, Saha S, Saurav K. Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism. Foods 2020; 9:E1592. [PMID: 33147854 PMCID: PMC7693686 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylitol is a white crystalline, amorphous sugar alcohol and low-calorie sweetener. Xylitol prevents demineralization of teeth and bones, otitis media infection, respiratory tract infections, inflammation and cancer progression. NADPH generated in xylitol metabolism aid in the treatment of glucose-6-phosphate deficiency-associated hemolytic anemia. Moreover, it has a negligible effect on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels due to its unique metabolism. Its diverse applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and polymer industries fueled its market growth and made it one of the top 12 bio-products. Recently, xylitol has also been used as a drug carrier due to its high permeability and non-toxic nature. However, it become a challenge to fulfil the rapidly increasing market demand of xylitol. Xylitol is present in fruit and vegetables, but at very low concentrations, which is not adequate to satisfy the consumer demand. With the passage of time, other methods including chemical catalysis, microbial and enzymatic biotransformation, have also been developed for its large-scale production. Nevertheless, large scale production still suffers from high cost of production. In this review, we summarize some alternative approaches and recent advancements that significantly improve the yield and lower the cost of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Ahuja
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India;
| | - Markéta Macho
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology—Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (D.E.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Ewe
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology—Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (D.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Manoj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, India;
| | - Subhasish Saha
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology—Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (D.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Kumar Saurav
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology—Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (D.E.); (S.S.)
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Akgül Ö, Topaloğlu Ak A, Zorlu S, Öner Özdaş D, Uslu M, Çayirgan D. Effects of short-term xylitol chewing gum on pro-inflammatory cytokines and Streptococcus mutans: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13623. [PMID: 32729244 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries is an infectious disease with predominantly of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans (S mutans). Xylitol is considered as one of the effective agents that can limit this dental infection. In this randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we aimed to evaluate the potential reflection of short-term xylitol consumption on pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) and S mutans counts by ELISA and qPCR (Quantitative real-time PCR), respectively. METHODS In this study, 154 participants were assigned to two groups, control and xylitol. Dental examination, saliva and swab samples were done at baseline and at 3-week for clinical and microbiological assessment. RESULTS In xylitol group at the end of 3-week, gingival and plaque index scores were significantly decreased with respect to baseline values (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively). The salivary concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were statistically declined at 3-week, more so than those at baseline in xylitol group (P < .001). S mutans expression was reduced about fivefold at 3-week use of xylitol and it was a statistically significant difference compared to baseline (P < .001). CONCLUSION Intriguingly, even short-term consumption of xylitol might play a favourable role in maintaining the oral health status, possibly as a result of decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the counts of S mutans. Nonetheless, this investigation warrants further endorsement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özer Akgül
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Topaloğlu Ak
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Zorlu
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Öner Özdaş
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melisa Uslu
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilara Çayirgan
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Silva CFFSD, Silva FERD, Pauna HF, Hurtado JGGM, Santos MC. Symptom assessment after nasal irrigation with xylitol in the postoperative period of endonasal endoscopic surgery. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 88:243-250. [PMID: 32694076 PMCID: PMC9422543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses that requires multifactorial treatment. Xylitol can be employed with nasal irrigation and can provide better control of the disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the effects of nasal lavage with saline solution compared to nasal lavage with a xylitol solution. METHODS Fifty-two patients, divided into two groups (n = 26 in the "Xylitol" group and n = 26 in the "Saline solution" group) answered questionnaires validated in Portuguese (NOSE and SNOT-22) about their nasal symptoms and general symptoms, before and after endonasal endoscopic surgery and after a period of 30 days of nasal irrigation. RESULTS The "Xylitol" group showed significant improvement in pain relief and nasal symptom reduction after surgery and nasal irrigation with xylitol solution (p < 0.001). The "Saline solution" group also showed symptom improvement, but on a smaller scale. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the xylitol solution can be useful in the postoperative period after endonasal endoscopic surgery, because it leads to a greater reduction in nasal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrique Furlan Pauna
- Instituto Paranaense de Otorrinolaringologia (IPO), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Marco Cesar Santos
- Instituto Paranaense de Otorrinolaringologia (IPO), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Atzmüller D, Ullmann N, Zwirzitz A. Identification of genes involved in xylose metabolism of Meyerozyma guilliermondii and their genetic engineering for increased xylitol production. AMB Express 2020; 10:78. [PMID: 32314068 PMCID: PMC7171046 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meyerozyma guilliermondii, a non-conventional yeast that naturally assimilates xylose, is considered as a candidate for biotechnological production of the sugar alternative xylitol. Because the genes of the xylose metabolism were yet unknown, all efforts published so far to increase the xylitol yield of this yeast are limited to fermentation optimization. Hence, this study aimed to genetically engineer this organism for the first time with the objective to increase xylitol production. Therefore, the previously uncharacterized genes of M. guilliermondii ATCC 6260 encoding for xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) were identified by pathway investigations and sequence similarity analysis. Cloning and overexpression of the putative XR as well as knockout of the putative XDH genes generated strains with about threefold increased xylitol yield. Strains that combined both genetic modifications displayed fivefold increase in overall xylitol yield. Enzymatic activity assays with lysates of XR overexpressing and XDH knockout strains underlined the presumed functions of the respective genes. Furthermore, growth evaluation of the engineered strains on xylose as sole carbon source provides insights into xylose metabolism and its utilization for cell growth.![]()
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Food and Food Products on the Italian Market for Ketogenic Dietary Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051104. [PMID: 31108981 PMCID: PMC6566354 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is the first line intervention for glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, and is recommended for refractory epilepsy. It is a normo-caloric, high-fat, adequate-protein, and low-carbohydrate diet aimed at switching the brain metabolism from glucose dependence to the utilization of ketone bodies. Several variants of KD are currently available. Depending on the variant, KDs require the almost total exclusion, or a limited consumption of carbohydrates. Thus, there is total avoidance, or a limited consumption of cereal-based foods, and a reduction in fruit and vegetable intake. KDs, especially the more restrictive variants, are characterized by low variability, palatability, and tolerability, as well as by side-effects, like gastrointestinal disorders, nephrolithiasis, growth retardation, hyperlipidemia, and mineral and vitamin deficiency. In recent years, in an effort to improve the quality of life of patients on KDs, food companies have started to develop, and commercialize, several food products specific for such patients. This review summarizes the foods themselves, including sweeteners, and food products currently available for the ketogenic dietary treatment of neurological diseases. It describes the nutritional characteristics and gives indications for the use of the different products, taking into account their metabolic and health effects.
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Lawrence YA, Bishop MA, Honneffer JB, Cook AK, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Lidbury JA. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of serum from dogs with chronic hepatic disease. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1344-1352. [PMID: 30891842 PMCID: PMC6524095 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatopathies present a diagnostic challenge, with different diseases being associated with similar clinical and laboratory findings. Characterization of dogs with chronic hepatopathies can be difficult and require costly diagnostic procedures such as acquisition of a liver biopsy specimen. Noninvasive and inexpensive biomarkers that reliably characterize chronic hepatopathies such as chronic hepatitis or a congenital portosystemic vascular anomaly may decrease the need for costly or invasive diagnostic testing and guide novel therapeutic interventions. Objective To investigate differences in the serum metabolome among healthy dogs, dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts, and dogs with chronic hepatitis. Animals Stored serum samples from 12 healthy dogs, 10 dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts, and 6 dogs with chronic hepatitis were analyzed. Methods The serum metabolome was analyzed with an untargeted metabolomics approach using gas chromatography–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Results Principal component analysis and heat dendrogram plots of the metabolomics data showed clustering among individuals in each group. Random forest analysis showed differences in the abundance of various metabolites including increased aromatic amino acids and xylitol in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. Based on the univariate statistics, 50 metabolites were significantly different among groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The serum metabolome varies among healthy dogs, dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts, and dogs with chronic hepatitis. Statistical analysis identified several metabolites that differentiated healthy dogs from dogs with vascular or parenchymal liver disease. Further targeted assessment of these metabolites is needed to confirm their diagnostic reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Lawrence
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Micah A Bishop
- Wave Veterinary Internal Medicine of Southwest Florida, Naples, Florida
| | - Julia B Honneffer
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Audrey K Cook
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Aline Rodrigues-Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Combined ultrafiltration and electrodeionization techniques for microbial xylitol purification. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yewale T, Panchwagh S, Sawale S, Jain R, Dhamole PB. Xylitol production from non-detoxified and non-sterile lignocellulosic hydrolysate using low-cost industrial media components. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:68. [PMID: 28452022 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilized Candida tropicalis cells in freeze dried calcium alginate beads were used for production of xylitol from lignocellulosic waste like corn cob hydrolysate without any detoxification and sterilization of media. Media components for xylitol fermentation were screened by statistical methods. Urea, KH2PO4 and initial pH were identified as significant variables by Plackett-Burman (PB) design. Significant medium components were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Predicted xylitol yield by RSM model and experimental yield was 0.87 and 0.79 g/g, respectively. Optimized conditions (urea 1.5 g/L, KH2PO4 1.9 g/L, xylose 55 g/L, pH 6.7) enhanced xylitol yield by 32% and xylose consumption by twofold over those of basal media. In addition, the immobilized cells were reused five times at shake flask level with optimized medium without affecting the xylitol productivity and yield. Xylitol production was successfully scaled up to 7.5 L stirred tank reactor using optimized media. Thus, the optimized condition with non-detoxified pentose hydrolysate from corn cob lignocellulosic waste with minimal nutrients without any sterilization opens up the scope for commercialization of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyaso Yewale
- Praj Matrix R & D Center, Division of Praj Industries Ltd., 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Shruti Panchwagh
- Praj Matrix R & D Center, Division of Praj Industries Ltd., 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
| | - Shaileshkumar Sawale
- Praj Matrix R & D Center, Division of Praj Industries Ltd., 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
| | - Rishi Jain
- Praj Matrix R & D Center, Division of Praj Industries Ltd., 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Pradip B Dhamole
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
- Chemical Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, South Ambazari Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India.
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Mäkinen KK. Gastrointestinal Disturbances Associated with the Consumption of Sugar Alcohols with Special Consideration of Xylitol: Scientific Review and Instructions for Dentists and Other Health-Care Professionals. Int J Dent 2016; 2016:5967907. [PMID: 27840639 PMCID: PMC5093271 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5967907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar alcohols (polyols) are used in food manufacturing and in medical tests and examinations. d-Glucitol (sorbitol) and d-mannitol were previously the most common alditols used for these purposes. After the 1960s, xylitol became a common ingredient in noncariogenic confectioneries, oral hygiene products, and diabetic food. Erythritol, a polyol of the tetritol type, can be regarded as the sweetener of the "next generation." The disaccharide polyols maltitol, lactitol, and isomalt have also been used in food manufacturing and in medical tests. Consumption of pentitol- and hexitol-type polyols and disaccharide polyols may cause gastrointestinal disturbances at least in unaccustomed subjects. The occurrence of disturbances depends on consumer properties and on the molecular size and configuration of the polyol molecule. Adaptation may take place as a result of enzyme induction in the intestinal flora. Some of the literature on xylitol has been difficult to access by health-care professionals and will be reviewed here. Research and clinical field experience have found no pathology in polyol-associated osmotic diarrhea-the intestinal mucosa having normal basic structure, except in extreme instances. Xylitol is better tolerated than hexitols or the disaccharide polyols. Erythritol, owing to its smaller molecular weight and configuration that differ from other alditols, normally avoids the gastrointestinal reactions encountered with other polyols. This review will also touch upon the FODMAPs diet concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauko K. Mäkinen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland
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15
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Bioconversion of Birch Wood Hemicellulose Hydrolyzate to Xylitol. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:947-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Albuquerque TLD, da Silva IJ, de Macedo GR, Rocha MVP. Biotechnological production of xylitol from lignocellulosic wastes: A review. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Sun Q, Xing Y, Xiong L. Effect of xylitol on wheat dough properties and bread characteristics. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao Shandong Province 266109 China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Grain Reserve and Control; Lishui Bureau of Commerce; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 211200 China
| | - Liu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao Shandong Province 266109 China
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Rafiqul ISM, Sakinah AMM. Processes for the Production of Xylitol—A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2012.714434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Rafiqul I, Mimi Sakinah A. Kinetic studies on acid hydrolysis of Meranti wood sawdust for xylose production. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Peng F, Ren JL, Xu F, Sun RC. Chemicals from Hemicelluloses: A Review. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2011-1067.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li Ren
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wei J, Yuan Q, Wang T, Wang L. Purification and crystallization of xylitol from fermentation broth of corncob hydrolysates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-009-0295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Sakakibara Y, Saha BC, Taylor P. Microbial production of xylitol from l-arabinose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:506-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Sampaio FC, de Faria JT, Coimbra JSR, Lopes Passos FM, Converti A, Minin LA. Xylose reductase activity in Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-170 cultivated in semi-synthetic medium and cotton husk hemicellulose hydrolyzate. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 32:747-54. [PMID: 19184115 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-009-0299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To develop a new enzymatic xylose-to-xylitol conversion, deeper knowledge on the regulation of xylose reductase (XR) is needed. To this purpose, a new strain of Debaryomyces hansenii (UFV-170), which proved a promising xylitol producer, was cultivated in semi-synthetic media containing different carbon sources, specifically three aldo-hexoses (D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose), a keto-hexose (D-fructose), a keto-pentose (D-xylose), three aldo-pentoses (D-arabinose, L-arabinose and D-ribose), three disaccharides (maltose, lactose and sucrose) and a pentitol (xylitol). The best substrate was lactose on which cell concentration reached about 20 g l(-1) dry weight (DW), while the highest specific growth rates (0.58-0.61 h(-1)) were detected on lactose, D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose. The highest specific activity of XR (0.24 U mg(-1)) was obtained in raw extracts of cells grown on D-xylose and harvested in the stationary growth phase. When grown on cotton husk hemicellulose hydrolyzates, cells exhibited XR activities five to seven times higher than on semi-synthetic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Coelho Sampaio
- Food Technology Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36571-000, Brazil
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Liaw WC, Chen CS, Chang WS, Chen KP. Xylitol Production from Rice Straw Hemicellulose Hydrolyzate by Polyacrylic Hydrogel Thin Films with Immobilized Candida subtropicalis WF79. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 105:97-105. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.105.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Optimization of the pretreatment of rice straw hemicellulosic hydrolyzates for microbial production of xylitol. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Vidal-valverde C, Olmedilla B, Martin-villa C. Reliable Separation of Xylitol from Some Carbohydrates and Polyols by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918408068852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Marton JM, Felipe MGA, Almeida e Silva JB, Pessoa Júnior A. Evaluation of the activated charcoals and adsorption conditions used in the treatment of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate for xylitol production. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322006000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Marton
- School of Chemical Engineering at Lorena, Brazil
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Durairaj L, Neelakantan S, Launspach J, Watt JL, Allaman MM, Kearney WR, Veng-Pedersen P, Zabner J. Bronchoscopic assessment of airway retention time of aerosolized xylitol. Respir Res 2006; 7:27. [PMID: 16483382 PMCID: PMC1386668 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human airway surface liquid (ASL) has abundant antimicrobial peptides whose potency increases as the salt concentration decreases. Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar that has the ability to lower ASL salt concentration, potentially enhancing innate immunity. Xylitol was detected for 8 hours in the ASL after application in airway epithelium in vitro. We tested the airway retention time of aerosolized iso-osmotic xylitol in healthy volunteers. Methods After a screening spirometry, volunteers received 10 ml of nebulized 5% xylitol. Bronchoscopy was done at 20 minutes (n = 6), 90 minutes (n = 6), and 3 hours (n = 5) after nebulization and ASL was collected using microsampling probes, followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Xylitol concentration was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and corrected for dilution using urea concentration. Results All subjects tolerated nebulization and bronchoscopy well. Mean ASL volume recovered from the probes was 49 ± 23 μl. The mean ASL xylitol concentration at 20, 90, and 180 minutes was 1.6 ± 1.9 μg/μl, 0.6 ± 0.6 μg/μl, and 0.1 ± 0.1 μg/μl, respectively. Corresponding BAL concentration corrected for dilution was consistently lower at all time points. The terminal half-life of aerosolized xylitol obtained by the probes was 45 minutes with a mean residence time of 65 minutes in ASL. Corresponding BAL values were 36 and 50 minutes, respectively. Conclusion After a single dose nebulization, xylitol was detected in ASL for 3 hours, which was shorter than our in vitro measurement. The microsampling probe performed superior to BAL when sampling bronchial ASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Durairaj
- Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Srividya Neelakantan
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Janice Launspach
- Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Janet L Watt
- Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - William R Kearney
- Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Veng-Pedersen
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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De Faveri D, Torre P, Perego P, Converti A. Optimization of xylitol recovery by crystallization from synthetic solutions using response surface methodology. J FOOD ENG 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0260-8774(03)00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Response surface methodology for xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolyzate using controlled vacuum evaporation process variables. Process Biochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Latif F, Rajoka MI. Production of ethanol and xylitol from corn cobs by yeasts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2001; 77:57-63. [PMID: 11211076 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis were used separately and as co-culture for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of 5-20% (w/v) dry corn cobs. A maximal ethanol concentration of 27, 23, 21 g/l (w/v) from 200 g/l (w/v) dry corn cobs was obtained by S. cerevisiae, C. tropicalis and the co-culture, respectively, after 96 h of fermentation. However, theoretical yields of 82%, 71% and 63% were observed from 50 g/l dry corn cobs for the above cultures, respectively. Maximal xylitol concentration of 21, 20 and 15 g/l from 200 g/l (w/v) dry corn cobs was obtained by C. tropicalis, co-culture, and S. cerevisiae, respectively. Maximum theoretical yields of 79.0%, 77.0% and 58% were observed from 50 g/l of corn cobs, respectively. The volumetric productivities for ethanol and xylitol increased with the increase in substrate concentration, whereas, yield decreased. Glycerol and acetic acid were formed as minor by-products. S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis resulted in better product yields (0.42 and 0.36 g/g) for ethanol and (0.52 and 0.71 g/g) for xylitol, respectively, whereas, the co-culture showed moderate level of ethanol (0.32 g/g) and almost maximal levels of xylitol (0.69 g/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Latif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Roberto IC, Sato S, de Mancilha IM. Effect of inoculum level of xylitol production from rice straw hemicellulose hydrolysate by Candida guilliermondii. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 1996; 16:348-50. [PMID: 8987492 DOI: 10.1007/bf01570113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of inoculum level on xylitol production by Candida guilliermondii was evaluated in a rice straw hemicellulose hydrolysate. High initial cell density did not show a positive effect in this bioconversion since increasing the initial cell density from 0.67 g L-1 to 2.41 g L-1 decreased both the rate of xylose utilization and xylitol accumulation. The maximum xylitol yield (0.71 g g-1) and volumetric productivity (0.56 g L-1 h-1) were reached with an inoculum level of 0.9 g L-1. These results show that under appropriate inoculum conditions rice straw hemicellulose hydrolysate can be converted into xylitol by the yeast C. guilliermondii with efficiency values as high as 77% of the theoretical maximum.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Roberto
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering of Lorena, SP, Brazil
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Meyrial V, Delgenes JP, Moletta R, Navarro JM. Xylitol production from D-xylose byCandida guillermondii: Fermentation behaviour. Biotechnol Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01041485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Martin
- Hershey Foods Corporation, Technical Center, Pennsylvania 17033
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Sestoft L. An evaluation of biochemical aspects of intravenous fructose, sorbitol and xylitol administration in man. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 1985; 82:19-29. [PMID: 3904297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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