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Shebani A, Mustafa AM, Elshwekh H, Hmmier A, Alhudiri IM. Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Premarital Screening Programs Among Students at the University of Tripoli, Libya. Cureus 2024; 16:e64274. [PMID: 39130983 PMCID: PMC11315591 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increase in hereditary disease in Arab countries due to the high rates of consanguineous marriages, research on community awareness of premarital screening (PMS) for disease carriers is still scarce. AIM To investigate knowledge and attitudes toward genetic PMS programs among university students in Libya. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 421 Libyan students aged 18-25 years at the University of Tripoli. RESULTS Most of the participants (79%, n=316) agreed that a PMS program is important and expressed willingness to have PMS programs if they were advised to do so. Two-thirds of participants (67%, n=268) had heard of PMS programs, of whom (27.2%, n=73) heard of them from social media. CONCLUSION Most of the university students had good knowledge of PMS but poor knowledge of the hereditary disease targeted by PMS. Most of them had a positive attitude toward PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Shebani
- Genetic Engineering, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, LBY
| | - Ariej M Mustafa
- Genetic Engineering, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, LBY
| | - Halla Elshwekh
- Genetic Engineering, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, LBY
| | - Abduladim Hmmier
- Genetic Engineering, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, LBY
| | - Inas M Alhudiri
- Genetic Engineering, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, LBY
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2
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Cabrera AP, Monickaraj F, Rangasamy S, Hobbs S, McGuire P, Das A. Do Genomic Factors Play a Role in Diabetic Retinopathy? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010216. [PMID: 31947513 PMCID: PMC7019561 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is strong clinical evidence that the control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid level can prevent and slow down the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) as shown by landmark clinical trials, it has been shown that these factors only account for 10% of the risk for developing this disease. This suggests that other factors, such as genetics, may play a role in the development and progression of DR. Clinical evidence shows that some diabetics, despite the long duration of their diabetes (25 years or more) do not show any sign of DR or show minimal non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Similarly, not all diabetics develop proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). So far, linkage analysis, candidate gene studies, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not produced any statistically significant results. We recently initiated a genomics study, the Diabetic Retinopathy Genetics (DRGen) Study, to examine the contribution of rare and common variants in the development of different phenotypes of DR, as well as their responsiveness to anti-VEGF treatment in diabetic macular edema (DME). Our preliminary findings reveal a novel set of genetic variants involved in the angiogenesis and inflammatory pathways that contribute to DR progression or protection. Further investigation of variants can help to develop novel biomarkers and lead to new therapeutic targets in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P. Cabrera
- Department of Surgery/Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (A.P.C.); (F.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Finny Monickaraj
- Department of Surgery/Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (A.P.C.); (F.M.); (S.H.)
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - Sam Hobbs
- Department of Surgery/Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (A.P.C.); (F.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Paul McGuire
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Arup Das
- Department of Surgery/Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (A.P.C.); (F.M.); (S.H.)
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Correspondance:
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3
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Abstract
This commentary reviews the concept of experience-dependent epigenetic modifications in the CNS as a core mechanism underlying individuality and individuation at the behavioral level. I use the term individuation to refer to the underlying neurobiological processes that result in individuality, with the discussion focusing on individuality of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral repertoire. The review describes recent work supporting the concept of neuroepigenetic mechanisms underlying individuation, possible roles of transgenerational effects, and implications for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Sweatt
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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4
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Lavoie-Charland E, Bérubé JC, Boulet LP, Bossé Y. Asthma susceptibility variants are more strongly associated with clinically similar subgroups. J Asthma 2016; 53:907-13. [PMID: 27058054 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2016.1165699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reproducibly associated with asthma. This study evaluated whether GWAS-nominated SNPs are more strongly associated with asthma patients sharing the same clinical characteristics in order to refine the role of recently identified genes. METHODS Analyses were performed in unrelated French Canadian subjects (566 cases and 416 controls) with data collected on lung function, blood cell counts, atopy, disease history and medication. Previously defined asthma subgroups were used for analysis: 1) older patients with low atopy and low lung function, 2) high atopy, 3) young non-smoking women and 4) high smoking history. Allele frequencies of 68 GWAS-nominated SNPs were compared between controls and cases or controls and subgroups of cases defined by cluster analysis. RESULTS Twelve GWAS-nominated SNPs demonstrated evidence of replication (p value < 0.05) for association with asthma. In phenotypically similar asthma patients, rs10197862, located in IL1RL1/IL18R1, was the most strongly associated SNP with the high atopy subgroup (p = 0.0009). SNPs located at the IL33 and the STARD3/PGAP3 loci were also associated with the high atopy subgroup. Two SNPs, rs1544791 (PDE4D) and rs3806932 (TSLP), were more strongly associated with the high smoking history subgroup than with asthma or any other subgroups. All 10 SNPs that replicated for asthma per se and within subgroups had lower p values in subgroups. Moreover, 12 SNPs were only replicated in a subgroup. CONCLUSION This study shows that the majority of GWAS-nominated SNPs are more strongly associated with homogeneous subgroups of asthma than broadly defined asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis-Philippe Boulet
- a Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- a Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Québec , Canada.,b Department of Molecular Medicine , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
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5
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Abstract
A genetic contribution to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well established. However, the specific genes responsible for enhanced risk or host differences in susceptibility to smoke exposure remain poorly understood. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive literature overview on the genetics of COPD, highlight the most promising findings during the last few years, and ultimately provide an updated COPD gene list. Candidate gene studies on COPD and related phenotypes indexed in PubMed before January 5, 2012 are tabulated. An exhaustive list of publications for any given gene was looked for. This well-documented COPD candidate-gene list is expected to serve many purposes for future replication studies and meta-analyses as well as for reanalyzing collected genomic data in the field. In addition, this review summarizes recent genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies on COPD, lung function, and related complications. Assembling resources, integrative genomic approaches, and large sample sizes of well-phenotyped subjects is part of the path forward to elucidate the genetic basis of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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6
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Huang SY, Lin MT, Lin WW, Huang CC, Shy MJ, Lu RB. Association of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) polymorphisms and clinical subgroups of major depressive disorders in the Han Chinese population. World J Biol Psychiatry 2010; 10:544-51. [PMID: 19224413 DOI: 10.1080/15622970701816506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that an MAOA abnormality may be an important factor in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Various polymorphisms of the MAOA gene have been investigated for possible associations with mood disorders, but results have been inconsistent. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether polymorphisms of the MAOA gene are associated with MDD or alternatively with different clinical subgroups of MDD. A total of 590 Han Chinese subjects in Taiwan (312 controls and 278 MDD patients) were recruited. Among the males, there were no associations with MAOA polymorphisms. Among the females, an association was found between MAOA polymorphisms and severe MDD (P=0.041 for uVNTR and 0.017 for EcoRV (rs1137070), respectively). However, in analyses of haplotype frequencies and multiple logistic regression, MAOA polymorphisms were not associated with either MDD or its subgroups. The results suggest that MAOA polymorphisms do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of MDD or its subgroups. However, a potential role for a minor association with some specific subgroups and with different ethnic samples needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, ROC.
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7
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De Coster PJ, Marks LA, Martens LC, Huysseune A. Dental agenesis: genetic and clinical perspectives. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 38:1-17. [PMID: 18771513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dental agenesis is the most common developmental anomaly in humans and is frequently associated with several other oral abnormalities. Whereas the incidence of missing teeth may vary considerably depending on dentition, gender, and demographic or geographic profiles, distinct patterns of agenesis have been detected in the permanent dentition. These frequently involve the last teeth of a class to develop (I2, P2, M3) suggesting a possible link with evolutionary trends. Hypodontia can either occur as an isolated condition (non-syndromic hypodontia) involving one (80% of cases), a few (less than 10%) or many teeth (less than 1%), or can be associated with a systemic condition or syndrome (syndromic hypodontia), essentially reflecting the genetically and phenotypically heterogeneity of the condition. Based on our present knowledge of genes and transcription factors that are involved in tooth development, it is assumed that different phenotypic forms are caused by different genes involving different interacting molecular pathways, providing an explanation not only for the wide variety in agenesis patterns but also for associations of dental agenesis with other oral anomalies. At present, the list of genes involved in human non-syndromic hypodontia includes not only those encoding a signaling molecule (TGFA) and transcription factors (MSX1 and PAX9) that play critical roles during early craniofacial development, but also genes coding for a protein involved in canonical Wnt signaling (AXIN2), and a transmembrane receptor of fibroblast growth factors (FGFR1). Our objective was to review the current literature on the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for selective dental agenesis in humans and to present a detailed overview of syndromes with hypodontia and their causative genes. These new perspectives and future challenges in the field of identification of possible candidate genes involved in dental agenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J De Coster
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, Paecamed Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Sahin-Yilmaz A, Pinto JM, de Tineo M, Elwany S, Naclerio RM. Familial aggregation of nasal conditioning capacity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 103:1078-81. [PMID: 17641214 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00299.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies on nasal conditioning, we observed a large variability among individuals to condition inspired air. Although we previously investigated various physiological parameters (age, sex, nasal mucosal temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and nasal volume) that might underlie these differences, we have been unable to explain this variability. Many proteins and molecules, which are under genetic control and could affect nasal conditioning, are involved in water transport,. In this study, we hypothesized that familial factors may contribute to the differences in nasal conditioning capacity (NCC). We performed a prospective study of 47 sibling pairs. Cold dry air was delivered to the nose, and the total water gradient (TWG) was calculated to determine the NCC. We found a highly significant intraclass correlation of 0.53 (P < 0.0001) between sibling pairs for the TWG. These results suggest that there is a familial basis for nasal conditioning and a large enough genetic component to search for genes explaining the observed correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Sahin-Yilmaz
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 1035, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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9
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Gu CC, Hunt SC, Kardia S, Turner ST, Chakravarti A, Schork N, Olshen R, Curb D, Jaquish C, Boerwinkle E, Rao DC. An investigation of genome-wide associations of hypertension with microsatellite markers in the family blood pressure program (FBPP). Hum Genet 2007; 121:577-90. [PMID: 17372766 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP) has data on 387 microsatellite markers in 13,524 subjects from four major ethnic groups. We investigated genetic association with hypertension of the linkage markers. Family-based methods were used to test association of the 387 loci with resting blood pressures (BPs) [systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and the hypertension status (HT). We applied a vote-counting approach to pool results across the three correlated traits, network samples, and ethnic groups to refine the selection of susceptibility loci. The association analyses captured signals missed by previous linkage scans. We found 71 loci associated with at least one of the three traits in at least one of the four ethnic groups at the significance level of 0.01. After validation across multiple samples and related traits, we identified by vote-counting 21 candidate loci for hypertension. Two loci, D3S2459 and D10S1412 confirmed findings in Network-specific linkage scans (GENOA and SAPPHIRe). Many of the candidate loci were reported by others in linkage to BPs, body weight, heart disease, and diabetes. We also observed frequent presence of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in autoimmune and neurological disorders (e.g., NOD2). The vote-counting method of pooling results recognizes the potential that a gene may be involved in varying ways among different samples, which we believe is responsible for identifying genes in the less explored inflammatory pathways to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Charles Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8067, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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10
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Warren JW, Jackson TL, Langenberg P, Meyers DJ, Xu J. Prevalence of interstitial cystitis in first-degree relatives of patients with interstitial cystitis. Urology 2004; 63:17-21. [PMID: 14751339 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2003.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare, in a pilot study, the prevalence of interstitial cystitis (IC) among first-degree relatives of patients with IC with the prevalence of IC in the general population. Often the first evidence that a disease may have a genetic susceptibility is the demonstration of family aggregation of the disease. METHODS Members of the Interstitial Cystitis Association (ICA) were mailed a survey inquiring about the prevalence of the disease or consistent symptoms in first-degree family members (parents, siblings, and/or children). The same survey instrument was used in telephone interviews of a randomly selected sample of nonrespondents to determine the degree of responder bias. RESULTS Of 2581 respondents to the mail-in survey, 101 (3.9%) reported 107 first-degree relatives with IC. The subsequent telephone interviews with 346 randomly selected nonrespondents revealed little selection bias in the mail-in survey. These measurements, plus data-based assumptions of proportions of those self-reporting IC who actually met the hydrodistension requirements for the diagnosis of IC, suggest that women, 31 to 73 years old who were first-degree relatives of patients with IC, themselves had a prevalence of IC of 995/100,000. A comparison of this with the number approximating the prevalence in the general population of American women of this age (60/100,000) indicates a risk ratio for IC in adult female first-degree relatives of 17. CONCLUSIONS Adult female first-degree relatives of patients with IC may have a prevalence of IC 17 times that found in the general population. This, together with previously reported evidence showing a greater concordance of IC among monozygotic than dizygotic twins, suggests, but does not prove, a genetic susceptibility to IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Warren
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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11
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Rousseau F, Laflamme N. [Human molecular genetics: from monogenic to polygenic or complex disorders]. Med Sci (Paris) 2003; 19:950-4. [PMID: 14613005 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20031910950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human molecular genetics has successfully identified the genes involved in several monogenic disorders. It now aims at pinpointing the genetic determinants of polygenic or complex traits with a strong genetic component. This constitutes a new challenge. We discuss the methodological and practical aspects of identifying such genes as well as the challenges facing physicians that will have to use efficiently these new diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Rousseau
- Unité de recherche en génétique humaine et moléculaire, Centre de recherche de l'hôpital St-François-d'Assise du CHUQ, Université Laval, 10, rue de l'Espinay, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada
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12
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Huang QY, Shen H, Deng HY, Conway T, Davies KM, Li JL, Recker RR, Deng HW. Linkage and association of the CA repeat polymorphism of the IL6 gene, obesity-related phenotypes, and bone mineral density (BMD) in two independent Caucasian populations. J Hum Genet 2003; 48:430-437. [PMID: 12898289 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2003] [Accepted: 06/23/2003] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors play an important role in osteoporosis and obesity, two serious public health problems in the world. We investigated the relationships between obesity-related phenotypes, bone mineral density (BMD) and the CA repeat polymorphism of the IL6 gene in two large independent samples using the quantitative transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT). The first sample consisted of 1,816 individuals from 79 multigenerational pedigrees. Each pedigree was identified through a proband with BMD Z-scores </=-1.28 at the hip or spine. The second sample was a randomly ascertained set of 636 individuals from 157 nuclear families. Ten alleles containing 9-18 CA repeats were identified in our Caucasian populations. For body mass index (BMI), fat mass and percentage fat mass (PFM), highly significant (P<0.01) or significant (P<0.05) results were found for linkage in our sample of nuclear families and for association in the multigenerational pedigrees. We also observed weak evidence for linkage (P=0.069) with spine BMD and for association with hip BMD in the sample of multigenerational pedigrees. Our results suggest that genetic variation in or near the IL6 locus may be involved in the etiology of obesity and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yang Huang
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, 601 N. 30th St., Suite 6787, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30th St., Suite 6787, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 410081, ChangSha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, 601 N. 30th St., Suite 6787, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30th St., Suite 6787, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - Hong-Yi Deng
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, 601 N. 30th St., Suite 6787, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - Theresa Conway
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, 601 N. 30th St., Suite 6787, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - K Michael Davies
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, 601 N. 30th St., Suite 6787, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - Jin-Long Li
- Center for Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208009, New Haven, CT, 06520-8009, USA
| | - Robert R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, 601 N. 30th St., Suite 6787, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, 601 N. 30th St., Suite 6787, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30th St., Suite 6787, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 410081, ChangSha, Hunan, P.R. China.
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Breban M, Said-Nahal R, Hugot JP, Miceli-Richard C. Familial and genetic aspects of spondyloarthropathy. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2003; 29:575-94. [PMID: 12951869 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-857x(03)00029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Predisposition to SpA is largely determined by genetic factors including HLA-B27 and other as yet unknown genes that might be tracked by a positional cloning approach. Analysis performed on a large cohort of SpA multiplex families revealed that the different articular and extra-articular inflammatory manifestations comprising the SpA spectrum were linked together, implying that they were determined by a shared set of factors, including HLA-B27. The variety of phenotypes appeared to be related to ubiquitous and secondary factors. Hence, SpA appeared to be more homogenous than previously thought and should be regarded as a unique disease. This conclusion also implies that genetic studies should be performed on the whole group. Such an approach allowed identification of HLA-DR4 as a gene contributing to SpA predisposition independently of linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B27. A significant role for CARD15/NOD2 gene in predisposition to SpA was ruled out, in agreement with the hypothesis that the inflammatory bowel disease in SpA is determined by factors different than those responsible for isolated Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Breban
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 9 avenue Charles de Graulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, Paris, France.
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Wills S, Ronkainen A, van der Voet M, Kuivaniemi H, Helin K, Leinonen E, Frösen J, Niemela M, Jääskeläinen J, Hernesniemi J, Tromp G. Familial intracranial aneurysms: an analysis of 346 multiplex Finnish families. Stroke 2003; 34:1370-4. [PMID: 12750547 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000072822.35605.8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Genetic risk factors are considered important in the development, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms; however, few have been identified. We analyzed intracranial aneurysm families with at least 2 affected persons and determined relationships between affected persons and assessed the inheritance patterns of aneurysms. METHODS Families with > or =2 members with verified diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms were recruited from Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland. Families with a diagnosis of other heritable disorders that have associated intracranial aneurysms, such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, were excluded. RESULTS We identified 346 Finnish multiplex families with 160 (46.2%) male and 186 (53.8%) female index cases. There were a total of 937 aneurysm cases, with an average of 2.7 cases per family. The majority of the families had only 2 affected relatives (n=206; 59.5%), although there were families with up to 6 (n=10), 7 (n=1), 8 (n=1), or 10 (n=2) affected persons. The affected relatives of the index cases included 108 sisters, 116 brothers, 105 parents, 30 children, 15 grandparents, 102 aunts or uncles, and 64 cousins. Of the 937 affected persons, 569 (60.7%) were alive and available for genetic analysis. Inheritance patterns consistent with autosomal recessiveness were observed in 198 (57.2%), autosomal dominance in 126 (36.4%), and autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance in 19 (5.5%) of the families. CONCLUSIONS The collection is the most extensive published to date and extends previous observations of familial aggregation that are consistent with a major gene effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Wills
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield Ave, Detroit, Mich 48201, USA
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Herbon N, Werner M, Braig C, Gohlke H, Dütsch G, Illig T, Altmüller J, Hampe J, Lantermann A, Schreiber S, Bonifacio E, Ziegler A, Schwab S, Wildenauer D, van den Boom D, Braun A, Knapp M, Reitmeir P, Wjst M. High-resolution SNP scan of chromosome 6p21 in pooled samples from patients with complex diseases. Genomics 2003; 81:510-8. [PMID: 12706109 DOI: 10.1016/s0888-7543(02)00035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We apply a high-throughput protocol of chip-based mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight; MALDI-TOF) as a method of screening for differences in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies. Using pooled DNA from individuals with asthma, Crohn's disease (CD), schizophrenia, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and controls, we selected 534 SNPs from an initial set of 1435 SNPs spanning a 25-Mb region on chromosome 6p21. The standard deviations of measurements of time of flight at different dots, from different PCRs, and from different pools indicate reliable results on each analysis step. In 90% of the disease-control comparisons we found allelic differences of <10%. Of the T1D samples, which served as a positive control, 10 SNPs with significant differences were observed after taking into account multiple testing. Of these 10 SNPs, 5 are located between DQB1 and DRB1, confirming the known association with the DR3 and DR4 haplotypes whereas two additional SNPs also reproduced known associations of T1D with DOB and LTA. In the CD pool also, two earlier described associations were found with SNPs close to DRB1 and MICA. Additional associations were found in the schizophrenia and asthma pools. They should be confirmed in individual samples or can be used to develop further quality criteria for accepting true differences between pools. The determination of SNP allele frequencies in pooled DNA appears to be of value in assigning further genotyping priorities also in large linkage regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Herbon
- Institut für Epidemiologie, GSF Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Vieira AR. Oral clefts and syndromic forms of tooth agenesis as models for genetics of isolated tooth agenesis. J Dent Res 2003; 82:162-5. [PMID: 12598542 DOI: 10.1177/154405910308200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects responsible for tooth agenesis are only now beginning to be uncovered. MSX1 and PAX9 have been associated with tooth agenesis in mice and humans, but interestingly for humans, these genes are associated with specific missing teeth. Mouse models also show that specific genes contribute to the development of specific types of teeth. A precise description of the phenotype specifying which teeth are missing has become fundamental. Mendelian segregation can be identified in families with tooth agenesis, but heterogenous or multiple genes may be responsible for the development of specific types of teeth agenesis in humans. Data from animal models are still very complex, and the human embryology is still poorly understood. Oral clefts and syndromic forms of tooth agenesis may be the best models for isolated tooth agenesis. In the future, a precise description of the missing teeth in syndromes involving tooth agenesis may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Vieira
- Department of Pediatrics ML 2182, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Ge D, Yang W, Huang J, Yao C, Xu X, Gan W, Zhao J, Liu D, Wang X, Duan X, Hui R, Shen Y, Yao Z, Qiang B, Gu D. Linkage analysis of 2q14-q23 and 5q32 with blood pressure quantitative traits in Chinese sib pairs. J Hypertens 2003; 21:305-10. [PMID: 12569260 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200302000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several genome-wide scans recently accomplished in the ethnic Chinese revealed a number of candidate loci possibly contributing to essential hypertension, and some appeared to be replicable in 2q14-q23 and 5q32. The current study aimed to examine the linkage of qualitative and blood pressure quantitative traits in essential hypertension with these genomic regions in a large sample of Chinese hypertensive families. METHODS We performed a genetic analysis on 148 randomly ascertained families containing 328 affected sib pairs, grouped into two geographically distinct subsets. Five highly informative microsatellite markers (D2S151, D2S142, D5S2090, D5S413 and D5S2013) were genotyped, and linkage analyses were performed with different genetic models. RESULTS We did not observe consistent evidence for excess allele sharing identity by descent in either of the qualitative or the quantitative test. However, higher LOD scores were found at D5S2013 in North Group subset with Haseman-Elston and maximum likelihood (ML) variance (no dominance variance, NDV) algorithms. With the ML (NDV) algorithm, the LOD was 1.410 for diastolic blood pressure at this locus, although this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide no evidence to support a significant linkage of 2q14-q23 or 5q32 with essential hypertension or blood pressure quantitative traits in the ethnic Chinese, and indicate the aetiologic diversity and complexity of hypertension. Previous reports implied 2q14-q23 or beta 2- adrenergic receptor gene potentially linked to essential hypertension in the ethnic Chinese. To replicate these results and perform quantitative linkage analysis, we genotyped members of 148 hypertensive families with five highly informative microsatellite markers. We observed no evidence of excess allele sharing identity by descent in sib pairs, revealing a lack of linkage between 2q14-q23 or 5q32 (chromosome region harboring the gene encoding beta 2 adrenergic receptor) and hypertension in our study sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Ge
- Division of Population Genetics and Prevention, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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18
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Abstract
The modern generalization of sedentary life and caloric abundance has created new physiological conditions capable of changing the level of expression of a number of genes involved in fuel metabolism and body weight regulation. It is likely that the genetic variants or alleles of these genes have in the past participated in the adaptation of human physiology to its evolutionary constraints. The nature and prevalence of polymorphisms responsible for the quantitative variation of complex metabolic traits may have been different among human populations, depending on their environment and ancestral genetic background. These polymorphisms could likely explain differences in disease susceptibility and prevalence among groups of humans. From complex traits to potentially complex alleles, understanding the molecular genetic basis underlying quantitative variation will continue to be a growing concern among geneticists dealing with obesity and type 2 diabetes, the main fuel disorders of the modern era. Genomics and genetic epidemiology now allow high-level linkage and association studies to be designed. But the pooling of large trans-geographic cohorts may in fact increase the genetic heterogeneity of studied traits and dilute genotype-phenotype associations. In this article, we underscore the importance of selecting the traits to be subjected to quantitative genetic analysis. Although this is not possible for most other multifactorial diseases, obesity and type 2 diabetes can be subjected to a pregenetic dissection of complexity into simpler quantitative traits (QTs). This dissection is based on the pathogenic mechanisms, and the time course of the traits, and the individuals' age, within the predisease period rather than on descriptive parameters after disease diagnosis. We defend that this approach of phenotypes may ease future associations to be established between QTs of intermediate complexity and genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bougnères
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Unité 561 INSERM, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Paris, France.
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19
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Hoit BD, Kiatchoosakun S, Restivo J, Kirkpatrick D, Olszens K, Shao H, Pao YH, Nadeau JH. Naturally occurring variation in cardiovascular traits among inbred mouse strains. Genomics 2002; 79:679-85. [PMID: 11991717 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2002.6754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize genetic variation in complex cardiovascular traits in two commonly used inbred mouse strains. We performed echocardiography, graded treadmill exercise, tail cuff plethysmography, and telemetry (heart rate, activity, temperature) in age- ( approximately 9 weeks) and sex-matched A/J and C57BL/6J (B6) inbred mice. B6 mice had significantly larger end-diastolic dimension (3.31+/-0.42 mm versus 2.83+/-0.31 mm) and left ventricle mass (46.2+/-14.1 versus 32.7+/-11.5 g) than A/J mice. This relative hypertrophy was eccentric (relative wall thickness ratios: 0.30+/-0.01 versus 0.32+/-0.01) and was not associated with a difference in systolic blood pressure (122.0+/-13.2 versus 123.1+/-20.8 mmHg). Left ventricle fractional shortening (39.1+/-6.2 versus 47.1+/-6.9%) and heart rate (433+/-55 versus 524+/-45 beats per minute) were significantly lower in B6 versus A/J, respectively, resulting in similar resting echocardiographic cardiac indices (0.58+/-0.19 versus 0.50+/-0.17 ml/min/g). Maximum exercise time on a treadmill was significantly greater in B6 than in A/J mice (9.6+/-3.4 versus 4.4+/-1.9 minutes). Telemetry showed that body temperature was generally greater and heart rate lower in B6 than A/J; the relation with activity was more complex. These data suggest that relative to A/J, B6 mice have a phenotype characteristic of the "athlete's heart," that is, eccentric, physiologic hypertrophy, slower heart rates, and increased exercise endurance. This systematic characterization of functionally related cardiovascular traits in A/J and C57BL/6J mice revealed numerous differences whose genetic bases can be dissected with recombinant inbred, recombinant congenic, and chromosome substitution strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Hoit
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, MS 5038, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5038, USA.
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20
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Province MA. Searching for the mountains of the moon: genome scans for atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2002; 4:169-75. [PMID: 11931713 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-002-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several research groups have begun mounting large, ambitious family studies to map genes for atherosclerosis, heart disease, and their major risk factors using whole genome linkage and/or disequilibrium scans. Some of the problems, pitfalls, and challenges of this exciting effort are examined and illustrated with lessons from an earlier mapping problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Province
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, Box 8067, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Genetic mapping in analysis of medical disease is performed under several assumptions and (experimental) conditions, which are made about the data in general and the disease in particular. Here we discuss these conditions, what they mean, and what kind of deleterious effects they might have on the analysis. We also illustrate how to proceed and what kind of possibilities the statistical analysis may provide to medical scientists.
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Feitosa MF, Krieger H. O futuro da epidemiologia genética de características complexas. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232002000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A epidemiologia genética evoluiu de um enfoque em estudos sobre doenças mendelianas raras para a análise genética de características complexas. Com o advento de informações sobre a completa seqüência de genes ao longo do genoma humano e de outros organismos, o interesse da epidemiologia genética em desvendar a natureza dos fatores que influenciam essas características se tornou primordial. São apresentados os principais métodos empregados no estudo de doenças complexas bem como suas principais vantagens e desvantagens. Discute-se a importância na determinação da amostra e o uso de fenótipos e marcadores genéticos apropriados. Como exemplo das estratégias citadas tomamos o estudo de índice de massa corporal (BMI) para ilustrar um fator genético principal localizado no cromossomo 7. Em uma discussão sobre tendências no estudo de ligação, embora reconhecendo que famílias e genealogias continuarão sendo o foco principal das amostras, discute-se alguns novos e eficientes tipos de amostragem (como por exemplo, controles não-relacionados) em que amostras de conjunto de DNA serão universalmente empregadas. O reconhecimento da heterogeneidade genética entre estudos e sua interpretação será uma das mais importantes características no futuro das análises de características complexas.
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Altmüller J, Palmer LJ, Fischer G, Scherb H, Wjst M. Genomewide scans of complex human diseases: true linkage is hard to find. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69:936-50. [PMID: 11565063 PMCID: PMC1274370 DOI: 10.1086/324069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2001] [Accepted: 08/27/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many "complex" human diseases, which involve multiple genetic and environmental determinants, have increased in incidence during the past 2 decades. During the same time period, considerable effort and expense have been expended in whole-genome screens aimed at detection of genetic loci contributing to the susceptibility to complex human diseases. However, the success of positional cloning attempts based on whole-genome screens has been limited, and many of the fundamental questions relating to the genetic epidemiology of complex human disease remain unanswered. Both to review the success of the positional cloning paradigm as applied to complex human disease and to investigate the characteristics of the whole-genome scans undertaken to date, we created a database of 101 studies of complex human disease, which were found by a systematic Medline search (current as of December 2000). We compared these studies, concerning 31 different human complex diseases, with regard to design, methods, and results. The "significance" categorizations proposed by Lander and Kruglyak were used as criteria for the "success" of a study. Most (66.3% [n=67]) of the studies did not show "significant" linkage when the criteria of Lander and Kruglyak (1995) were used, and the results of studies of the same disease were often inconsistent. Our analyses suggest that no single study design consistently produces more-significant results. Multivariate analysis suggests that the only factors independently associated with increased study success are (a) an increase in the number of individuals studied and (b) study of a sample drawn from only one ethnic group. Positional cloning based on whole-genome screens in complex human disease has proved more difficult than originally had been envisioned; detection of linkage and positional cloning of specific disease-susceptibility loci remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Altmüller
- Institute of Epidemiology, GSF [corrected] National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Westphal V, Peterson S, Patterson M, Tournay A, Blumenthal A, Treacy EP, Freeze HH. Functional significance of PMM2 mutations in mildly affected patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation Ia. Genet Med 2001; 3:393-8. [PMID: 11715002 DOI: 10.1097/00125817-200111000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) result from mutations in N-glycan biosynthesis. Mutations in phosphomannomutase (PMM2) cause CDG-Ia. Here, we report four clinically mild patients and their mutations in PMM2. METHODS Analysis of the PMM2 cDNA and gene revealed the mutations affecting the glycosylation efficiency. RESULTS The patients have 30% to 50% normal PMM activity in fibroblasts due to different mutations in PMM2, and we studied the effect of each mutation on the PMM activity in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. CONCLUSIONS Each patient carried a severe mutation that decreased the PMM activity to less than 10% as well as a relatively mild mutation. A new mutation, deletion of base 24, changed the reading frame. The C9Y, C241S, and L32R mutations showed 27% to 45% activity when expressed in the eukaryotic expression system, and the more severe D148N was shown to be thermolabile.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Westphal
- The Burnham Institute, Glycobiology Program, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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