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Gaddis N, Mathur R, Marks J, Zhou L, Quach B, Waldrop A, Levran O, Agrawal A, Randesi M, Adelson M, Jeffries PW, Martin NG, Degenhardt L, Montgomery GW, Wetherill L, Lai D, Bucholz K, Foroud T, Porjesz B, Runarsdottir V, Tyrfingsson T, Einarsson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Webb BT, Crist RC, Kranzler HR, Sherva R, Zhou H, Hulse G, Wildenauer D, Kelty E, Attia J, Holliday EG, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Schwab SG, Maher BS, Gruza R, Kreek MJ, Nelson EC, Thorgeirsson T, Stefansson K, Berrettini WH, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Bierut L, Hancock DB, Johnson EO. Multi-trait genome-wide association study of opioid addiction: OPRM1 and beyond. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16873. [PMID: 36207451 PMCID: PMC9546890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid addiction (OA) is moderately heritable, yet only rs1799971, the A118G variant in OPRM1, has been identified as a genome-wide significant association with OA and independently replicated. We applied genomic structural equation modeling to conduct a GWAS of the new Genetics of Opioid Addiction Consortium (GENOA) data together with published studies (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Million Veteran Program, and Partners Health), comprising 23,367 cases and effective sample size of 88,114 individuals of European ancestry. Genetic correlations among the various OA phenotypes were uniformly high (rg > 0.9). We observed the strongest evidence to date for OPRM1: lead SNP rs9478500 (p = 2.56 × 10-9). Gene-based analyses identified novel genome-wide significant associations with PPP6C and FURIN. Variants within these loci appear to be pleiotropic for addiction and related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Gaddis
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ravi Mathur
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jesse Marks
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Linran Zhou
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Bryan Quach
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alex Waldrop
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Orna Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Randesi
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Adelson
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment and Research, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Paul W Jeffries
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bradley Todd Webb
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Genome Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gary Hulse
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dieter Wildenauer
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Erin Kelty
- School of Population and Global Health, Population and Public Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Sibylle G Schwab
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Gruza
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reyjavik, Iceland
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Genetics, & Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Laura Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Eric Otto Johnson
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Hancock DB, Levy JL, Gaddis NC, Glasheen C, Saccone NL, Page GP, Hulse G, Wildenauer D, Kelty E, Schwab S, Degenhardt L, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Attia J, Holliday EG, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Bierut LJ, Nelson EC, Kral A, Johnson EO. Cis-Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Reveals Replicable Associations with Heroin Addiction in OPRM1. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:474-84. [PMID: 25744370 PMCID: PMC4519434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No opioid receptor, mu 1 (OPRM1) gene polymorphisms, including the functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1799971, have been conclusively associated with heroin/other opioid addiction, despite their biological plausibility. We used evidence of polymorphisms altering OPRM1 expression in normal human brain tissue to nominate and then test associations with heroin addiction. METHODS We tested 103 OPRM1 SNPs for association with OPRM1 messenger RNA expression in prefrontal cortex from 224 European Americans and African Americans of the BrainCloud cohort. We then tested the 16 putative cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) SNPs for association with heroin addiction in the Urban Health Study and two replication cohorts, totaling 16,729 European Americans, African Americans, and Australians of European ancestry. RESULTS Four putative cis-eQTL SNPs were significantly associated with heroin addiction in the Urban Health Study (smallest p = 8.9 × 10(-5)): rs9478495, rs3778150, rs9384169, and rs562859. Rs3778150, located in OPRM1 intron 1, was significantly replicated (p = 6.3 × 10(-5)). Meta-analysis across all case-control cohorts resulted in p = 4.3 × 10(-8): the rs3778150-C allele (frequency = 16%-19%) being associated with increased heroin addiction risk. Importantly, the functional SNP allele rs1799971-A was associated with heroin addiction only in the presence of rs3778150-C (p = 1.48 × 10(-6) for rs1799971-A/rs3778150-C and p = .79 for rs1799971-A/rs3778150-T haplotypes). Lastly, replication was observed for six other intron 1 SNPs that had prior suggestive associations with heroin addiction (smallest p = 2.7 × 10(-8) for rs3823010). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that common OPRM1 intron 1 SNPs have replicable associations with heroin addiction. The haplotype structure of rs3778150 and nearby SNPs may underlie the inconsistent associations between rs1799971 and heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana B. Hancock
- Behavioral Health Epidemiology Program, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Joshua L. Levy
- Research Computing Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Nathan C. Gaddis
- Research Computing Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Cristie Glasheen
- Behavioral Health Epidemiology Program, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Nancy L. Saccone
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Grier P. Page
- Center for Public Health Genomics, RTI International, Atlanta, GA
| | - Gary Hulse
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dieter Wildenauer
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erin Kelty
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sibylle Schwab
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany,Faculty of Science, Medicine, and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Public Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- Center for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Division of Genetics, Hunter Area Pathology Service, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Alex Kral
- Urban Health Program, Research Triangle Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eric O. Johnson
- Behavioral Health Epidemiology Program, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Almeida OP, Schwab SG, Lautenschlager NT, Morar B, Greenop KR, Flicker L, Wildenauer D. KIBRA genetic polymorphism influences episodic memory in later life, but does not increase the risk of mild cognitive impairment. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:1672-6. [PMID: 18194457 PMCID: PMC3918083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A common T-->C polymorphism of the KIBRA gene has been recently associated with worse performance on tests of episodic memory. This should aimed to determine whether older adults with the KIBRA CC genotype (1) have worse episodic memory than T-allele carriers and, (2) are more likely to express the phenotype of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our Cross-sectional investigation of 312 adults aged 50-89 years free of dementia included genotyping of the KIBRA rs17070145 gene and the assessment of episodic memory to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Participants were considered to have MCI if their memory scores were 1.5 standard deviations below the mean norm for the population. 138/312 participants carried the KIBRA CC genotype. Their immediate and delayed recall scores were significantly lower than the scores of carriers of the T allele (P < 0.05; adjusted for age, gender and pre-morbid IQ), although the effect size of the CC genotype was weak (0.2). Amongst our volunteers, 133 had MCI, of whom 63 (47.4%) had the CC genotype. There was no association between KIBRA genotype and MCI phenotype (TT/CT versus CC; adjusted odds ratio = 1.70, 95%CI = 0.74, 3.90). We concluded that the KIBRA T-->C polymorphism contributes to modulate episodic memory amongst community-dwelling older adults free of dementia, but plays no obvious role in the phenotypic expression of MCI. Future studies should aim to clarify the long term implications of this polymorphism on cognitive function and to identify other genes involved in the modulation of memory that might confer greater risk of MCI in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Almeida
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Australia.
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4
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Hranilovic D, Stefulj J, Schwab S, Borrmann-Hassenbach M, Albus M, Jernej B, Wildenauer D. Serotonin transporter promoter and intron 2 polymorphisms: relationship between allelic variants and gene expression. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 55:1090-4. [PMID: 15158428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Revised: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two polymorphic regions of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene: a 44 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and a 17 bp variable number of tandem repeats in second intron (VNTR-2), seem to modulate the gene's transcription in allele-dependent manner. METHODS We have earlier demonstrated association with 5-HTT gene in families multiply affected by schizophrenia. Here, we investigated separate and combined effects of VNTR-2 and 5-HTTLPR on the rate of peripheral 5-HTT transcription in a sample of offspring from those families. Relative 5-HTT mRNA levels were determined in 53 permanent lymphoblast cell lines by semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using beta-actin as reference. RESULTS Since the low-expressing alleles (short [S], 10) appeared to act dominantly, genotypes were grouped as "high-expressing" (long [L]/L, 12/12) versus "low-expressing" (S, 10). At both loci, nonsignificant differences in 5-HTT mRNA levels ( approximately 30%) were observed between "high"- and "low-expressing" genotypes. In order to search for the potential combined effect of 5-HTTLPR and VNTR-2, levels of 5-HTT mRNA were compared among three groups of samples having "low-expressing" genotype at none, one, or both loci. Increase in number of "low-expressing" genotypes significantly reduced relative 5-HTT gene expression (p <.02). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate weak individual influence, but possible combined effect, of 5-HTTLPR and VNTR-2 polymorphisms on 5-HTT gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Hranilovic
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Rohrmeier T, Putzhammer A, Sartor H, Knapp M, Albus M, Borrmann-Hassenbach M, Lichtermann D, Wildenauer D, Schwab S, Maier W, Klein HE, Eichhammer P. [No association of 141C-ins/del polymorphism in the D2 dopamine receptor gene in schizophrenia]. Psychiatr Prax 2003; 30 Suppl 2:S212-5. [PMID: 14509080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a putative functional polymorphism (-141C Ins/Del) in the 5'-flanking region of the dopamine D2 receptor was found. An association of the Ins allele with schizophrenia has been described in a Japanese sample. In the present study this association was examined in a German schizophrenia patient population. In a family based approach 190 German family trios were analyzed for the -141C Ins/Del genotype. Using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) we found no evidence for an association of the Ins allele with schizophrenia (TDT = 0.152, P = 0.696). In parallel, we performed an independent case control study with 268 schizophrenic patients and 244 controls. Again, we did not detect an overrepresentation of the Ins allele in patients (P = 0.124). Thus, our data do not support the hypothesis that the -141C Ins variant plays a major role in predisposition to schizophrenia. To confirm our conclusion further preferentially family based studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rohrmeier
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universität Regensburg am Bezirksklinikum, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg.
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6
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Herbon N, Werner M, Braig C, Gohlke H, Dütsch G, Illig T, Altmüller J, Hampe J, Lantermann A, Schreiber S, Bonifacio E, Ziegler A, Schwab S, Wildenauer D, van den Boom D, Braun A, Knapp M, Reitmeir P, Wjst M. High-resolution SNP scan of chromosome 6p21 in pooled samples from patients with complex diseases. Genomics 2003; 81:510-8. [PMID: 12706109 DOI: 10.1016/s0888-7543(02)00035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We apply a high-throughput protocol of chip-based mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight; MALDI-TOF) as a method of screening for differences in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies. Using pooled DNA from individuals with asthma, Crohn's disease (CD), schizophrenia, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and controls, we selected 534 SNPs from an initial set of 1435 SNPs spanning a 25-Mb region on chromosome 6p21. The standard deviations of measurements of time of flight at different dots, from different PCRs, and from different pools indicate reliable results on each analysis step. In 90% of the disease-control comparisons we found allelic differences of <10%. Of the T1D samples, which served as a positive control, 10 SNPs with significant differences were observed after taking into account multiple testing. Of these 10 SNPs, 5 are located between DQB1 and DRB1, confirming the known association with the DR3 and DR4 haplotypes whereas two additional SNPs also reproduced known associations of T1D with DOB and LTA. In the CD pool also, two earlier described associations were found with SNPs close to DRB1 and MICA. Additional associations were found in the schizophrenia and asthma pools. They should be confirmed in individual samples or can be used to develop further quality criteria for accepting true differences between pools. The determination of SNP allele frequencies in pooled DNA appears to be of value in assigning further genotyping priorities also in large linkage regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Herbon
- Institut für Epidemiologie, GSF Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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7
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Rohrmeier T, Putzhammer A, Sartor H, Knapp M, Albus M, Borrmann-Hassenbach M, Lichtermann D, Wildenauer D, Schwab S, Maier W, Klein HE, Eichhammer P. [No Association of the - 141C Ins/Del Polymorphism of the Dopamine D2 Receptor with Schizophrenia]. Psychiatr Prax 2003; 30:212-215. [PMID: 13130378 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a putative functional polymorphism (- 141C Ins/Del) in the 5'-flanking region of the dopamine D (2) receptor was found. An association of the Ins allele with schizophrenia has been described in a Japanese sample. In the present study this association was examined in a German schizophrenia patient population. In a family based approach 190 German family trios were analyzed for the - 141C Ins/Del genotype. Using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) we found no evidence for an association of the Ins allele with schizophrenia (TDT = 0.152, P = 0.696). In parallel, we performed an independent case control study with 268 schizophrenic patients and 244 controls. Again, we did not detect an overrepresentation of the Ins allele in patients (P = 0.124). Thus, our data do not support the hypothesis that the - 141C Ins variant plays a major role in predisposition to schizophrenia. To confirm our conclusion further preferentially family based studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rohrmeier
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universität Regensburg am Bezirksklinikum.
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8
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Kremer I, Rietschel M, Dobrusin M, Mujaheed M, Murad I, Blanaru M, Bannoura I, Müller DJ, Schulze TG, Reshef A, Gathas S, Schwab S, Wildenauer D, Bachner-Melman R, Belmaker RH, Maier W, Ebstein RP. No association between the dopamine D3 receptor Bal I polymorphism and schizophrenia in a family-based study of a Palestinian Arab population. Am J Med Genet 2000; 96:778-80. [PMID: 11121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Several recent meta-analyses appear to show a weak but significant effect of both forms of the gly/ser DRD3 polymorphism in conferring risk for schizophrenia. Since most studies have employed the artifact-prone case-control design, we thought it worthwhile to examine the role of this polymorphism using a robust family-based strategy in an ethnic group not previously systematically studied in psychiatric genetics, Palestinian Arabs. We failed to obtain any evidence in 129 Palestinian triads, using the haplotype relative risk (allele frequency: Pearson chi-square = 0.009, P > 0.1, df = 1, n = 258 alleles) or transmission disequilibrium test design (chi-square = 0.38, P > 0.1, n = 86 families) for association/linkage (or increased homozygosity) of the DRD3 Bal I polymorphism to schizophrenia in our sample. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:778-780, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kremer
- Department of Psychiatry, Emek Hospital, Afula, Israel
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9
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Maier W, Rietschel M, Lichtermann D, Müller D, Schulze T, Schwab S, Wildenauer D. S07.03 Current status of the search for genes contributing to schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(00)93957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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10
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DeLisi LE, Craddock NJ, Detera-Wadleigh S, Foroud T, Gejman P, Kennedy JL, Lendon C, Macciardi F, McKeon P, Mynett-Johnson L, Nurnberger JI, Paterson A, Schwab S, Van Broeckhoven C, Wildenauer D, Crow TJ. Update on chromosomal locations for psychiatric disorders: report of the interim meeting of chromosome workshop chairpersons from the VIIth World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics, Monterey, California, October 14-18, 1999. Am J Med Genet 2000; 96:434-49. [PMID: 10898931 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20000612)96:3<434::aid-ajmg40>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L E DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Abstract
Two intronic polymorphisms of the human alpha subunit of the olfactory G-protein (G(olf)) are described. They were detected with single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) methods and confirmed by sequencing both strands. These single base pair (bp) substitutions occur in introns 3 (an A/G at 35 bp 3' from the exon 3/intron 3 5' splice site) and 10 (an T/G at 7 bp 5' from the 3' splice site). Both polymorphisms are relatively common, with minor allele frequencies of 31% (intron 3) and 16% (intron 10). The intron 3 variant shows no linkage disequilibrium with an intron 5 (CA)n microsatellite located approximately 50 kb 3' from the intron 3 variant, among a small group of German individuals with schizophrenia. The intron 3 variant is interesting because it may create an 'in-frame' cryptic splice site which, if activated, would add 12 residues to exon 3. The intron 10 variant is interesting because a purine is substituted for a pyrimidine in the 'polypyrimidine' tract of the 3' splice site, a single base substitution of the type which has been associated with aberrant splicing in the androgen receptor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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Holinski-Feder E, Reyniers E, Uhrig S, Golla A, Wauters J, Kroisel P, Bossuyt P, Rost I, Jedele K, Zierler H, Schwab S, Wildenauer D, Speicher MR, Willems PJ, Meitinger T, Kooy RF. Familial mental retardation syndrome ATR-16 due to an inherited cryptic subtelomeric translocation, t(3;16)(q29;p13.3). Am J Hum Genet 2000; 66:16-25. [PMID: 10631133 PMCID: PMC1288322 DOI: 10.1086/302703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for genetic causes of mental retardation, we have studied a five-generation family that includes 10 individuals in generations IV and V who are affected with mild-to-moderate mental retardation and mild, nonspecific dysmorphic features. The disease is inherited in a seemingly autosomal dominant fashion with reduced penetrance. The pedigree is unusual because of (1) its size and (2) the fact that individuals with the disease appear only in the last two generations, which is suggestive of anticipation. Standard clinical and laboratory screening protocols and extended cytogenetic analysis, including the use of high-resolution karyotyping and multiplex FISH (M-FISH), could not reveal the cause of the mental retardation. Therefore, a whole-genome scan was performed, by linkage analysis, with microsatellite markers. The phenotype was linked to chromosome 16p13.3, and, unexpectedly, a deletion of a part of 16pter was demonstrated in patients, similar to the deletion observed in patients with ATR-16 syndrome. Subsequent FISH analysis demonstrated that patients inherited a duplication of terminal 3q in addition to the deletion of 16p. FISH analysis of obligate carriers revealed that a balanced translocation between the terminal parts of 16p and 3q segregated in this family. This case reinforces the role of cryptic (cytogenetically invisible) subtelomeric translocations in mental retardation, which is estimated by others to be implicated in 5%-10% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Holinski-Feder
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Edwin Reyniers
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Sabine Uhrig
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Astrid Golla
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Jan Wauters
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Peter Kroisel
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Paul Bossuyt
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Imma Rost
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Kerry Jedele
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Hannelore Zierler
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Sieglinde Schwab
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Dieter Wildenauer
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Michael R. Speicher
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Patrick J. Willems
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - R. Frank Kooy
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Munich, Munich; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp; Department of Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
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13
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Kremer I, Rietschel M, Dobrusin M, Mujaheed M, Murad I, Blanaru M, Bannoura I, M�ller D, Schulze T, Reshef A, Gathas S, Schwab S, Wildenauer D, Bachner-Melman R, Belmaker R, Maier W, Ebstein R. No association between the dopamine D3 receptorBal I polymorphism and schizophrenia in a family-based study of a Palestinian Arab population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20001204)96:6<778::aid-ajmg16>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Craddock N, Lendon C, Cichon S, Culverhouse R, Detera-Wadleigh S, Devon R, Faraone S, Foroud T, Gejman P, Leonard S, McInnis M, Owen MJ, Riley B, Armstrong C, Barden N, van Broeckhoven C, Ewald H, Folstein S, Gerhard D, Goldman D, Gurling H, Kelsoe J, Levinson D, Muir W, Philippe A, Pulver A, Wildenauer D. Chromosome workshop: Chromosomes 11, 14, and 15. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990618)88:3<244::aid-ajmg7>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Schroers R, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, Albus M, Maier W, Schwab S, Wildenauer D, Fimmers R, Propping P, Dewald G. Investigation of complement C4B deficiency in schizophrenia. Hum Hered 1997; 47:279-82. [PMID: 9358016 DOI: 10.1159/000154424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that autoimmune mechanisms might contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Important factors involved in immune responses in man include the human leukocyte antigens and components of the complement system. In the present study we attempted to confirm a positive association between a homozygous deficiency in complement factor C4B and schizophrenia as previously reported. We also determined parental genotypes in a subset of our schizophrenic patients to test the hypothesis of a genetic mechanism depending on the mother's genotype. C4B deficiency was found in similar frequency among patients (n = 176) and controls (n = 145). There was also no increased frequency of C4B deficiency in the mothers of schizophrenic patients. Our study does not support a widespread or consistent association between a deficiency in complement component C4B and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schroers
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
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16
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Dann J, DeLisi LE, Devoto M, Laval S, Nancarrow DJ, Shields G, Smith A, Loftus J, Peterson P, Vita A, Comazzi M, Invernizzi G, Levinson DF, Wildenauer D, Mowry BJ, Collier D, Powell J, Crowe RR, Andreasen NC, Silverman JM, Mohs RC, Murray RM, Walters MK, Lennon DP, Crow TJ. A linkage study of schizophrenia to markers within Xp11 near the MAOB gene. Psychiatry Res 1997; 70:131-43. [PMID: 9211575 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(97)03138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A sex chromosome locus for psychosis has been considered on the basis of some sex differences in genetic risk and expression of illness, and an association with X-chromosome anomalies. Previous molecular genetic studies produced weak evidence for linkage of schizophrenia to the proximal short arm of the X-chromosome, while some other regions were not ruled out. Here we report an attempt to expand the Xp findings in: (i) a multicenter collaboration focusing on 92 families with a maternal pattern of inheritance (Study I), and (ii) an independent sample of 34 families unselected for parental mode of transmission (Study II). In the multicenter study, a parametric analysis resulted in positive lod scores (highest of 1.97 for dominant and 1.19 for recessive inheritance at a theta of 0.20) for locus DXS7, with scores below 0.50 for other markers in this region (MAOB, DXS228, and ARAF1). Significant allele sharing among affected sibling pairs was present at DXS7. In the second study, positive lod scores were observed at MAOB (highest of 2.16 at a theta of 0.05 for dominant and 1.64 at a theta of 0.00 for recessive models) and ALAS2 (the highest of 1.36 at a theta of 0.05 for a recessive model), with significant allele sharing (P = 0.003 and 0.01, respectively) at these two loci. These five markers are mapped within a small region of Xp11. Thus, although substantial regions of the X-chromosome have been investigated without evidence for linkage being found, a locus predisposing to schizophrenia in the proximal short arm of the X-chromosome is not excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dann
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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17
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O'Donovan MC, Guy C, Craddock N, Bowen T, McKeon P, Macedo A, Maier W, Wildenauer D, Aschauer HN, Sorbi S, Feldman E, Mynett-Johnson L, Claffey E, Nacmias B, Valente J, Dourado A, Grassi E, Lenzinger E, Heiden AM, Moorhead S, Harrison D, Williams J, McGuffin P, Owen MJ. Confirmation of association between expanded CAG/CTG repeats and both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 1996; 26:1145-1153. [PMID: 8931160 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291700035868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that expanded CAG/CTG repeats contribute to the genetic aetiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, the nature of this contribution is uncertain and difficult to predict from other known trinucleotide repeat diseases that display much simpler patterns of inheritance. We have sought to replicate and extend earlier findings using Repeat Expansion Detection in an enlarged sample of 152 patients with schizophrenia, 143 patients with bipolar disorder, and 160 controls. We have also examined DNA from the parents of 62 probands with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Our results confirm our earlier, preliminary findings of an association between expanded trinucleotide repeats and both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, our data do not support the hypothesis that trinucleotide repeat expansion can alone explain the complex patterns of inheritance of the functional psychoses neither can this mechanism fully explain apparent anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C O'Donovan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff
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18
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Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Stöber G, Schroers R, Albus M, Maier W, Rietschel M, Körner J, Weigelt B, Franzek E, Wildenauer D, Fimmers R, Propping P. Systematic screening for mutations in the 5'-regulatory region of the human dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) gene in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Am J Med Genet 1996; 67:424-8. [PMID: 8837716 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<424::aid-ajmg21>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A possible dysregulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission has been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. In the present study we systematically searched for the presence of mutations in the 5'-flanking region of the dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) gene. This region has previously been shown to contain a functional promoter [Minowa et al., 1992: Proc Natl Acad Sci 89:3045-3049; Minowa et al., 1993: J Biol Chem 268:23544-23551]. We investigated 119 unrelated individuals (including 36 schizophrenic patients, 38 bipolar affective patients, and 45 healthy controls) using single-strand conformation analysis (SSCA). Eleven overlapping PCR fragments covered 2,189 bp of DNA sequence. We identified six single base substitutions: -2218T/C, -2102C/A, -2030T/C, -1992G/A, -1251G/C, and -800T/C. None of the mutations was found to be located in regions which have important influence on the level of transcriptional activity. Allele frequencies were similar in patients and controls, indicating that genetic variation in the 5'-regulatory region of the DRD1 gene is unlikely to play a frequent, major role in the genetic predisposition to either schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
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19
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Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Albus M, Maier W, Minges J, Bondy B, Körner J, Hemmer S, Fimmers R, Möller HJ, Wildenauer D, Propping P. Dopamine D3 receptor Gly9/Ser9 polymorphism and schizophrenia: no increased frequency of homozygosity in German familial cases. Schizophr Res 1996; 20:181-6. [PMID: 8794508 DOI: 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances in the dopaminergic transmission have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. Recently, an association of schizophrenia with increased homozygosity of a Gly9/Ser9 polymorphism in the dopamine D3 receptor gene (DRD3) has been reported (Crocq et al., 1992; Mant et al., 1994). This finding reflected a departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the genotype distribution observed in schizophrenic patients. The effect was found to be at its strongest in patients with a high familial loading. In the present study, we tried to replicate this finding in a sample of 146 German patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia. All patients had a positive family history of major psychiatric disorder including 70 patients with a family history of schizophrenia. Given our sample size, we have a power of 99.8% to detect 2. deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the reported magnitude. However, we found no evidence of an excess of homozygosity in our schizophrenic patients. This seems to indicate that homozygosity for the Gly9/Ser9 polymorphism at the DRD3 locus is unlikely to confer susceptibility to schizophrenia in the German population. This held true whether the psychiatric diagnoses in the affected relatives of the patient samples was established by the family history or family interview method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rietschel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
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20
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Deckert J, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, Wildenauer D, Bondy B, Ertl MA, Knapp M, Schofield PR, Albus M, Maier W, Propping P. Human adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) gene: systematic mutation screening in patients with schizophrenia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 1996; 103:1447-55. [PMID: 9029412 DOI: 10.1007/bf01271259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest an involvement of adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) mediated adenosinergic neuromodulation in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. We therefore performed a systematic mutation scan of the complete coding region of the human A2aAR gene in a sample of 42 schizophrenic patients. We detected one rare naturally occurring receptor variant (Gly-340-Ser) and two silent mutations (405C/T and 1083C/T). To our knowledge the Gly-340-Ser substitution is the first naturally occurring molecular variant of the A2aAR identified. Determining the frequency of the three variants in 42 unrelated healthy controls, we observed a significant trend towards an overrepresentation of the 1083T variant in patients when compared to controls (p = 0.041). This trend was followed up in a large independent replication sample. However, we were not able to confirm the original trend in the second sample (p = 0.367). The Ser-340 variant was found in a single schizophrenic individual. Investigation of the patient's family revealed independent segregation between the Ser-340 variant and psychiatric illness. Our data suggest that genetically determined structural variation of the A2aAR does not play a major role in the development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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21
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Maier W, Hallmayer J, Zill P, Bondy B, Lichtermann D, Ackenheil M, Minges J, Wildenauer D. Linkage analysis between pericentrometric markers on chromosome 18 and bipolar disorder: a replication test. Psychiatry Res 1995; 59:7-15. [PMID: 8771215 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(95)02799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Replication was attempted of a recent report on linkage between bipolar affective disorder and pericentrometric loci on chromosome 18. Linkage to these markers was excluded in a sample of five extended multiplex families using lod-score and affected-pedigree-member methods. In one family, however, the lod score exceeded 1.0. Although the proposed susceptibility genes are unlikely to have a major impact on the occurrence of bipolar disorder, they might modify the genetic risk in a minority of familial cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
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22
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Mulcrone J, Whatley SA, Marchbanks R, Wildenauer D, Altmark D, Daoud H, Gur E, Ebstein RP, Lerer B. Genetic linkage analysis of schizophrenia using chromosome 11q13-24 markers in Israeli pedigrees. Am J Med Genet 1995; 60:103-8. [PMID: 7485242 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320600204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It is generally agreed that there is a genetic component in the etiology of schizophrenia which may be tested by the application of linkage analysis to multiply-affected families. One genetic region of interest is the long arm of chromosome 11 because of previously reported associations of genetic variation in this region with schizophrenia, and because of the fact that it contains the locus for the dopamine D2 receptor gene. In this study we have examined the segregation of schizophrenia with microsatellite dinucleotide repeat DNA markers along chromosome 11q in 5 Israeli families multiply-affected for schizophrenia. The hypothesis of linkage under genetic homogeneity of causation was tested under a number of genetic models. Linkage analysis provided no evidence for significant causal mutations within the region bounded by INT and D11S420 on chromosome 11q. It is still possible, however, that a gene of major effect exists in this region, either with low penetrance or with heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mulcrone
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Maier W, Schwab S, Hallmayer J, Ertl MA, Minges J, Ackenheil M, Lichtermann D, Wildenauer D. Absence of linkage between schizophrenia and the dopamine D4 receptor gene. Psychiatry Res 1994; 53:77-86. [PMID: 7991733 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D4 receptor gene and the closely placed tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) receptor gene are important candidate genes for schizophrenia; both are located on the short arm of chromosome 11. Multipoint linkage analyses excluded linkage of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder to both candidate genes in a sample of 15 multiplex and systematically recruited families. This result was not dependent on the definition of the affection status and on the specification of the mode of transmission (insofar as it is monogenic) of the disease. There was no evidence for a subgroup of families being linked. This result does not preclude the possibility that the D4 receptor gene or the TH gene has only a nonmajor effect on the genetic etiology of schizophrenia or that families in other populations are linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Germany
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24
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Nöthen MM, Wildenauer D, Cichon S, Albus M, Maier W, Minges J, Lichtermann D, Bondy B, Rietschel M, Körner J. Dopamine D2 receptor molecular variant and schizophrenia. Lancet 1994; 343:1301-2. [PMID: 7910313 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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25
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Hallmayer J, Maier W, Ackenheil M, Ertl MA, Schmidt S, Minges J, Lichtermann D, Wildenauer D. Evidence against linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 5q11-q13 markers in systematically ascertained families. Biol Psychiatry 1992; 31:83-94. [PMID: 1543800 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90008-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ten pedigrees systematically ascertained in Germany were tested for linkage to chromosome 5q11-q13. In order to replicate the previous report by Sherrington et al (1988), families with a bipolar family member were omitted from the lod score calculations, all diagnoses were based upon Research Diagnostic Criteria, and four different models of the affection status were calculated, including the model for which Sherrington et al calculated the highest lod scores. None of the families investigated showed a positive lod score. Using multipoint linkage analyses, we were able to exclude the region for which a positive linkage has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Single fiber analyses were performed in normal and diseased muscle by means of a high-resolution microphotometric method. We investigated the activity distribution of a mitochondrial marker enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase, within single muscle fibers. We differentiated between the central and the subsarcolemmal region. Both normal muscle fibers, and ragged-red fibers from patients with a mitochondrial myopathy showed significantly higher succinate dehydrogenase activities in the subsarcolemmal region. Since the fibers' supply of oxygen is accomplished by diffusion from capillaries located close to the sarcoplasmic membrane our results are of functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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27
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Wildenauer D, Bondy B, Welter D, Ackenheil M. The Phospholipid Composition of Lymphocytes in Schizophrenic Patients: Effect of Treatment with Neuroleptics. Pharmacopsychiatry 1986. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1017206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Wildenauer D, Weger N. Reactions of the trifunctional nitrogen mustard tris(2-chloroethyl)-amine (HN3) with human erythrocyte membranes in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:2761-9. [PMID: 497026 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Gerber GE, Gray CP, Wildenauer D, Khorana HG. Orientation of bacteriorhodopsin in Halobacterium halobium as studied by selective proteolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1977; 74:5426-30. [PMID: 271965 PMCID: PMC431748 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The orientation of bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium has been studied by proteolytic degradation of purple membrane sheets, reconstituted vesicles, and whole cells, with the following results: (i) Bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane sheets is cleaved at a single site by Pronase or trypsin; a polypeptide segment of about 15 amino acids is lost from the carboxyl end. Carboxypeptidase A sequentially releases amino acids from the carboxyl end; the tetrapeptide sequence -Ala-Ala-Thr-Ser(COOH) was tentatively deduced for this terminus. (ii) The apomembrane, which lacks retinal, undergoes a second cleavage with trypsin releasing a fragment of approximately 6300 molecular weight from the amino terminus. (iii) Vesicles reconstituted from the purple membrane sheets and synthetic lecithins, in which the direction of proton pumping is opposite to that in the whole cells, have the carboxyl terminus of bacteriorhodopsin accessible to proteolysis. (iv) In envelope vesicles, which largely pump protons in the same direction as the whole cells, the carboxyl terminus is largely protected against proteolysis. (v) Treatment of whole cells with proteinase K hydrolyzes the cell wall proteins but has no effect on acteriorhodopsin. However, the same treatment after lysis of the cells results in degradation of the hydrophilic region at the carboxyl terminus. The results show that the carboxyl terminus as well as the additional cleavage site near the amino terminus observed in apomembrane are on the cytoplasmic side of the purple membrane.
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Abstract
Bacteriorhodopsin, the protein of the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium, was freed to the extent of 90-95% from the natural membrane lipids without loss of function. The residual lipid corresponded to less than 1 mol/mol of bacteriorhodopsin. Delipidation was achieved by treatment of the purple membrane with a mixture of the detergent dimethyldodecylamine oxide and sodium chloride. The detergent was removed by dialysis or by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Analysis of the lipids removed and those still bound to bacteriorhodopsin was facilitated by the use of purple membrane preparations labelled with 35S, 32P, or 14C. The composition of the residual lipids associated with bacteriorhodopsin was similar to that of the total lipid in the purple membrane.
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Wildenauer D, Gross HJ, Riesner D. Enzymatic methylations: III. Cadaverine-induced conformational changes of E. coli tRNA fMet as evidenced by the availability of a specific adenosine and a specific cytidine residue for methylation. Nucleic Acids Res 1974; 1:1165-82. [PMID: 4616226 PMCID: PMC344338 DOI: 10.1093/nar/1.9.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A partially purified tRNA methylase fraction from rat liver, containing m(2)G- m(1)A- and m(5)C-methylase, was used to study the influence of Mg(++) and of the biogenic polyamine cadaverine on the enzymatic methylation of E.coli tRNA(fMet)in vitro. In presence of 1 or 10 mM Mg(++), guanosine no. 27 was methylated to m(2)G. In 1 mM Mg(++) plus 30 mM cadaverine, guanosine in position 27 and adenosine in position 59 were methylated. In presence of 30 mM cadaverine alone tRNA(fMet) accepted three methyl groups: in addition to guanosine no. 27 and adenosine no. 59 cytidine no. 49 was methylated. In order to correlate tRNA(fMet) tertiary structure changes with the methylation patterns, differentiated melting curves of tRNA(fMet) were measured under the methylation conditions. It was shown that the thermodynamic stability of tRNA(fMet) tertiary structure is different in presence of Mg(++), or Mg(++) plus cadaverine, or cadaverine alone. From the differentiated melting curves and from the methylation experiments one can conclude that at 37 degrees in the presence of Mg(++) tRNA(fMet) has a compact structure with the extra loop and the TpsiC-loop protected by tertiary structure interactions. In Mg(++) plus cadaverine, the TpsiC-loop is available, while the extra loop is yet engaged in teritary structure (G-15: C-49) interactions. In cadaverine alone, the TpsiC-loop and the extra loop are free; hence under these conditions the open tRNA(fMet) clover leaf may be the substrate for methylation. In general, cadaverine destabilizes tRNA tertiary structure in the presence of Mg(++), and stabilizes tRNA(fMet) tertiary structure in the absence of Mg(++). This may be explained by a competition of cadaverine with Mg(++) for specific binding sites on the tRNA. On the basis of these experiments a possible role of biogenic polyamines in vivo may be discussed: as essential components of procaryotic and eucaryotic ribosomes they may together with ribosomal factors facilitate tRNA-ribosome binding during protein biosynthesis by opening the tRNA tertiary structure, thus making the tRNA's TpsiC-loop available for interaction with the complementary sequence of the ribosomal 5S RNA.
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Wildenauer D, Gross HJ. Methyldeficient mammalian 4s RNA: evidence for L-ethionine-induced inhibition of N6-dimethyladenosine synthesis in rat liver tRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1974; 1:279-88. [PMID: 4414662 PMCID: PMC343346 DOI: 10.1093/nar/1.2.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide composition of 4s RNA from livers of rats fed with a diet containing 0.3% D-ethionine was found to be identical with that from untreated animals. In contrast, one single modified nucleotide was absent in 4s RNA from livers of rats fed with a 0.3% L-ethionine diet. The minor nucleo=tide was also absent in liver 4s RNA from rats fed with a 0.3% L-ethionine diet followed by ten days of normal food. It was identified after dephosphorylation by ultraviolet absorption spectra, cochromatography with authentic material and mass spectra as N(6)-dimethyladenosine. It is concluded that S-adenosylethionine, the primary product of L-ethionine in the liver, causes strong and selective inhibition of the specific RNA-methylase responsible for adenosine to N(6)-dimethyl=adenosine methylation in rat liver 4s RNA. Compared to the strong inhibition of N(6)-dimethyladenosine formation described here, L-ethionine-dependent ethylation of liver 4s RNA is far less efficient. The quantitation of l-methyladenosine, ribothymidine and 3'-terminal adenosine in this 4s RNA as well as its aminoacid acceptor activity is typical for tRNA; hence it may be concluded that N(6)-dimethyladenosine is a component of rat liver tRNA. This may demonstrate the first evidence for the existence of specifically methyl-deficient mammalian tRNA. A possible correlation between the activity of L-ethionine as a liver carcinogen and its ability to induce the formation of methyl-deficient tRNA by selectively inhibiting the synthesis of N(6)-dimethyladenosine on the tRNA level in the same organ is discussed.
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Gross HJ, Wildenauer D. Enzymatic methylations. II. In vitro inhibition of tRNA and protein methylation by nicotinamide and isonicotinic acid hydrazide: activation of a s-adenosylmethionine-splitting enzyme in rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 48:58-64. [PMID: 4261254 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gross HJ, Wildenauer D. Enzymatic methylations. I. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide: an inhibitor of tRNA and protein methylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 47:1215-20. [PMID: 4555252 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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