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SoRelle ED, Haynes LE, Willard KA, Chang B, Ch’ng J, Christofk H, Luftig MA. Epstein-Barr virus reactivation induces divergent abortive, reprogrammed, and host shutoff states by lytic progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.14.598975. [PMID: 38915538 PMCID: PMC11195279 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.598975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Viral infection leads to heterogeneous cellular outcomes ranging from refractory to abortive and fully productive states. Single cell transcriptomics enables a high resolution view of these distinct post-infection states. Here, we have interrogated the host-pathogen dynamics following reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). While benign in most people, EBV is responsible for infectious mononucleosis, up to 2% of human cancers, and is a trigger for the development of multiple sclerosis. Following latency establishment in B cells, EBV reactivates and is shed in saliva to enable infection of new hosts. Beyond its importance for transmission, the lytic cycle is also implicated in EBV-associated oncogenesis. Conversely, induction of lytic reactivation in latent EBV-positive tumors presents a novel therapeutic opportunity. Therefore, defining the dynamics and heterogeneity of EBV lytic reactivation is a high priority to better understand pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. In this study, we applied single-cell techniques to analyze diverse fate trajectories during lytic reactivation in two B cell models. Consistent with prior work, we find that cell cycle and MYC expression correlate with cells refractory to lytic reactivation. We further found that lytic induction yields a continuum from abortive to complete reactivation. Abortive lytic cells upregulate NFκB and IRF3 pathway target genes, while cells that proceed through the full lytic cycle exhibit unexpected expression of genes associated with cellular reprogramming. Distinct subpopulations of lytic cells further displayed variable profiles for transcripts known to escape virus-mediated host shutoff. These data reveal previously unknown and promiscuous outcomes of lytic reactivation with broad implications for viral replication and EBV-associated oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott D. SoRelle
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Virology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lauren E. Haynes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Virology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katherine A. Willard
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Virology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Beth Chang
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James Ch’ng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heather Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Micah A. Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Virology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Inge MM, Miller R, Hook H, Bray D, Keenan JL, Zhao R, Gilmore TD, Siggers T. Rapid profiling of transcription factor-cofactor interaction networks reveals principles of epigenetic regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588333. [PMID: 38617258 PMCID: PMC11014505 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factor (TF)-cofactor (COF) interactions define dynamic, cell-specific networks that govern gene expression; however, these networks are understudied due to a lack of methods for high-throughput profiling of DNA-bound TF-COF complexes. Here we describe the Cofactor Recruitment (CoRec) method for rapid profiling of cell-specific TF-COF complexes. We define a lysine acetyltransferase (KAT)-TF network in resting and stimulated T cells. We find promiscuous recruitment of KATs for many TFs and that 35% of KAT-TF interactions are condition specific. KAT-TF interactions identify NF-κB as a primary regulator of acutely induced H3K27ac. Finally, we find that heterotypic clustering of CBP/P300-recruiting TFs is a strong predictor of total promoter H3K27ac. Our data supports clustering of TF sites that broadly recruit KATs as a mechanism for widespread co-occurring histone acetylation marks. CoRec can be readily applied to different cell systems and provides a powerful approach to define TF-COF networks impacting chromatin state and gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- MM Inge
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - R Miller
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - H Hook
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Bray
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JL Keenan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Zhao
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - TD Gilmore
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Siggers
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Yoon H, Rutter JC, Li YD, Ebert BL. Induced protein degradation for therapeutics: past, present, and future. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175265. [PMID: 38165043 PMCID: PMC10760958 DOI: 10.1172/jci175265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of induced protein degradation by small molecules has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy that is particularly effective in targeting proteins previously considered "undruggable." Thalidomide analogs, employed in the treatment of multiple myeloma, stand as prime examples. These compounds serve as molecular glues, redirecting the CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase to degrade myeloma-dependency factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3. The clinical success of thalidomide analogs demonstrates the therapeutic potential of induced protein degradation. Beyond molecular glue degraders, several additional modalities to trigger protein degradation have been developed and are currently under clinical evaluation. These include heterobifunctional degraders, polymerization-induced degradation, ligand-dependent degradation of nuclear hormone receptors, disruption of protein interactions, and various other strategies. In this Review, we will provide a concise overview of various degradation modalities, their clinical applications, and potential future directions in the field of protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojong Yoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justine C. Rutter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yen-Der Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Konstantakopoulou C, Verykokakis M. Key Functions of the Transcription Factor BCL6 During T-Cell Differentiation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:79-94. [PMID: 39017840 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
T lymphocytes consist of several subtypes with distinct functions that help to coordinate an immune response. They are generated within the thymus through a sequential developmental pathway that produces subsets with diverse antigen specificities and functions. Naïve T cells populate peripheral lymphoid organs and are activated upon foreign antigen encounter. While most T cells die soon after activation, a memory population survives and is able to quickly respond to secondary challenges, thus providing long-term immunity to the host. Although cell identity is largely stable and is instructed by cell-specific transcriptional programs, cells may change their transcriptional profiles to be able to adapt to new functionalities. Central to these dynamic processes are transcription factors, which control cell fate decisions, through direct regulation of gene expression. In this book chapter, we review the functions of the transcription factor B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), which directs the fate of several lymphocyte subsets, including helper, cytotoxic, and innate-like T cells, but can also be involved in lymphomagenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chara Konstantakopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
- Department of Antibody Research Materials, Genmab B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mihalis Verykokakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece.
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Tabatabai A, Arora A, Höfmann S, Jauch M, von Tresckow B, Hansen J, Flümann R, Jachimowicz RD, Klein S, Reinhardt HC, Knittel G. Mouse models of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1313371. [PMID: 38124747 PMCID: PMC10731046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1313371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a genetically highly heterogeneous disease. Yet, to date, the vast majority of patients receive standardized frontline chemo-immune-therapy consisting of an anthracycline backbone. Using these regimens, approximately 65% of patients can be cured, whereas the remaining 35% of patients will face relapsed or refractory disease, which, even in the era of CAR-T cells, is difficult to treat. To systematically tackle this high medical need, it is important to design, generate and deploy suitable in vivo model systems that capture disease biology, heterogeneity and drug response. Recently published, large comprehensive genomic characterization studies, which defined molecular sub-groups of DLBCL, provide an ideal framework for the generation of autochthonous mouse models, as well as an ideal benchmark for cell line-derived or patient-derived mouse models of DLBCL. Here we discuss the current state of the art in the field of mouse modelling of human DLBCL, with a particular focus on disease biology and genetically defined molecular vulnerabilities, as well as potential targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areya Tabatabai
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aastha Arora
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Höfmann
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Jauch
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Hansen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Flümann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ron D. Jachimowicz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gero Knittel
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Deng J, Pan T, Liu Z, McCarthy C, Vicencio JM, Cao L, Alfano G, Suwaidan AA, Yin M, Beatson R, Ng T. The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1877-1892. [PMID: 37794178 PMCID: PMC10703902 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is commonly considered a master regulator of cellular oxidation, regulating the expression and function of Thioredoxin (Trx). Recent work has identified that TXNIP has a far wider range of additional roles: from regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, to cell cycle arrest and inflammation. Its expression is increased by stressors commonly found in neoplastic cells and the wider tumor microenvironment (TME), and, as such, TXNIP has been extensively studied in cancers. In this review, we evaluate the current literature regarding the regulation and the function of TXNIP, highlighting its emerging role in modulating signaling between different cell types within the TME. We then assess current and future translational opportunities and the associated challenges in this area. An improved understanding of the functions and mechanisms of TXNIP in cancers may enhance its suitability as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Pan
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Giovanna Alfano
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ali Abdulnabi Suwaidan
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne 9 Building, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, UK.
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7
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Carreras J. The pathobiology of follicular lymphoma. J Clin Exp Hematop 2023; 63:152-163. [PMID: 37518274 PMCID: PMC10628832 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma is one of the most frequent lymphomas. Histologically, it is characterized by a follicular (nodular) growth pattern of centrocytes and centroblasts; mixed with variable immune microenvironment cells. Clinically, it is characterized by diffuse lymphadenopathy, bone marrow involvement, and splenomegaly. It is biologically and clinically heterogeneous. In most patients it is indolent, but others have a more aggressive evolution with relapses; and transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Tumorigenesis includes an asymptomatic preclinical phase in which premalignant B-lymphocytes with the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation acquire additional genetic alterations in the germinal centers, and clonal evolution occurs, although not all the cells progress to the tumor stage. This manuscript reviews the pathobiology and clinicopathological characteristics of follicular lymphoma. It includes a description of the physiology of the germinal center, the genetic alterations of BCL2 and BCL6, the mutational profile, the immune checkpoint, precision medicine, and highlights in the lymphoma classification. In addition, a comment and review on artificial intelligence and machine (deep) learning are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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8
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Zafar A, Ng HP, Chan ER, Dunwoodie SL, Mahabeleshwar GH. Myeloid-CITED2 Deficiency Exacerbates Diet-Induced Obesity and Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Response. Cells 2023; 12:2136. [PMID: 37681868 PMCID: PMC10486650 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the principal component of the innate immune system that are found in all tissues and play an essential role in development, homeostasis, tissue repair, and immunity. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that transcriptionally dynamic pro-inflammatory macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. However, cell-intrinsic mechanisms must exist that bridle uncontrolled pro-inflammatory macrophage activation in metabolic organs and disease pathogenesis. In this study, we show that CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with glutamic acid/aspartic acid-rich carboxyl-terminal domain 2 (CITED2) is an essential negative regulator of pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and inflammatory disease pathogenesis. Our in vivo studies show that myeloid-CITED2 deficiency significantly elevates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced expansion of adipose tissue volume, obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Moreover, myeloid-CITED2 deficiency also substantially augments HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation and adverse remodeling of adipocytes. Our integrated transcriptomics and gene set enrichment analyses show that CITED2 deficiency curtails BCL6 signaling and broadly elevates BCL6-repressive gene target expression in macrophages. Using complementary gain- and loss-of-function studies, we found that CITED2 deficiency attenuates, and CITED2 overexpression elevates, inducible BCL6 expression in macrophages. At the molecular level, our analyses show that CITED2 promotes BCL6 expression by restraining STAT5 activation in macrophages. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT5 fully reversed elevated pro-inflammatory gene target expression in CITED2-deficient macrophages. Overall, our findings highlight that CITED2 restrains inflammation by promoting BCL6 expression in macrophages, and limits diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Zafar
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hang Pong Ng
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - E. Ricky Chan
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sally L. Dunwoodie
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ganapati H. Mahabeleshwar
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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9
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Li Y, Zhu L, Ko CJ, Yang JY, Wang H, Manyam G, Wang J, Cheng X, Zhao S, Jie Z. TRAF3-EWSR1 signaling axis acts as a checkpoint on germinal center responses. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221483. [PMID: 37097293 PMCID: PMC10130905 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of germinal centers (GCs) is crucial for humoral immunity and vaccine efficacy. Constant stimulation through microbiota drives the formation of constitutive GCs in Peyer's patches (PPs), which generate B cells that produce antibodies against gut antigens derived from commensal bacteria and infectious pathogens. However, the molecular mechanism that regulates this persistent process is poorly understood. We report that Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1 (EWSR1) is a brake to constitutive GC generation and immunoglobulin G (IgG) production in PPs, vaccination-induced GC formation, and IgG responses. Mechanistically, EWSR1 suppresses Bcl6 upregulation after antigen encounter, thereby negatively regulating induced GC B cell generation and IgG production. We further showed that tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 3 serves as a negative regulator of EWSR1. These results established that the TRAF3-EWSR1 signaling axis acts as a checkpoint for Bcl6 expression and GC responses, indicating that this axis is a therapeutic target to tune GC responses and humoral immunity in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Zhu
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chun-Jung Ko
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hongjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shuli Zhao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuliang Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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10
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Jeon Y, Chow SH, Stuart I, Weir A, Yeung AT, Hale C, Sridhar S, Dougan G, Vince JE, Naderer T. FBXO11 governs macrophage cell death and inflammation in response to bacterial toxins. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201735. [PMID: 36977592 PMCID: PMC10053445 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes severe infections such as pneumonia and sepsis depending on the pore-forming toxin Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). PVL kills and induces inflammation in macrophages and other myeloid cells by interacting with the human cell surface receptor, complement 5a receptor 1 (C5aR1). C5aR1 expression is tighly regulated and may thus modulate PVL activity, although the mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen and identified F-box protein 11 (FBXO11), an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex member, to promote PVL toxicity. Genetic deletion of FBXO11 reduced the expression of C5aR1 at the mRNA level, whereas ectopic expression of C5aR1 in FBXO11-/- macrophages, or priming with LPS, restored C5aR1 expression and thereby PVL toxicity. In addition to promoting PVL-mediated killing, FBXO11 dampens secretion of IL-1β after NLRP3 activation in response to bacterial toxins by reducing mRNA levels in a BCL-6-dependent and BCL-6-independent manner. Overall, these findings highlight that FBXO11 regulates C5aR1 and IL-1β expression and controls macrophage cell death and inflammation following PVL exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusun Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Seong H Chow
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Isabella Stuart
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ashley Weir
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amy Ty Yeung
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Hale
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sushmita Sridhar
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thomas Naderer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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11
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Zhang M, Xu T, Tong D, Li S, Yu X, Liu B, Jiang L, Liu K. Research advances in endometriosis-related signaling pathways: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114909. [PMID: 37210898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM) is characterized by the existence of endometrial mucosa outside the uterine cavity, which causesinfertility, persistent aches, and a decline in women's quality of life. Both hormone therapies and nonhormone therapies, such as NSAIDs, are ineffective, generic categories of EM drugs. Endometriosis is a benign gynecological condition, yet it shares a number of features with cancer cells, including immune evasion, survival, adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis. Several endometriosis-related signaling pathways are comprehensively reviewed in this article, including E2, NF-κB, MAPK, ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, YAP, Wnt/β-catenin, Rho/ROCK, TGF-β, VEGF, NO, iron, cytokines and chemokines. To find and develop novel medications for the treatment of EM, it is essential to implicitly determine the molecular pathways that are disordered during EM development. Additionally, research on the shared pathways between EM and tumors can provide hypotheses or suggestions for endometriosis therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Deming Tong
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Siman Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Boya Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Kuiran Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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12
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Martínez-Martín S, Beaulieu ME, Soucek L. Targeting MYC-driven lymphoma: lessons learned and future directions. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:205-222. [PMID: 37457123 PMCID: PMC10344726 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
MYC plays a central role in tumorigenesis by orchestrating cell proliferation, growth and survival, among other transformation mechanisms. In particular, MYC has often been associated with lymphomagenesis. In fact, MYC overexpressing lymphomas such as high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) and double expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), are considered addicted to MYC. In such a context, MYC targeting therapies are of special interest, as MYC withdrawal is expected to result in tumor regression. However, whether high MYC levels are always predictive of increased sensitivity to these approaches is not clear yet. Even though no MYC inhibitor has received regulatory approval to date, substantial efforts have been made to investigate avenues to render MYC a druggable target. Here, we summarize the different classes of molecules currently under development, which mostly target MYC indirectly in aggressive B-cell lymphomas, paying special attention to subtypes with MYC/BCL2 or BCL6 translocations or overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Eve Beaulieu
- Peptomyc S.L., Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Laura Soucek
- Peptomyc S.L., Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Preclinical & Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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13
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Chen Q, Liu H, Luling N, Reinke J, Dent AL. Evidence that High-Affinity IgE Can Develop in the Germinal Center in the Absence of an IgG1-Switched Intermediate. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:905-915. [PMID: 36779803 PMCID: PMC10038918 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity allergen-specific IgE is essential for the severe allergic anaphylaxis response. High-affinity Abs are formed by successive rounds of selection of Ag-specific B cells in the germinal center (GC); however, several studies have shown that IgE+ GC B cells are impaired in their ability to undergo selection in the GC. A pathway, known as the "indirect switching pathway" for IgE, has been described whereby Ag-specific B cells initially switch to the IgG1 isotype and undergo affinity selection in the GC, with a secondary switch to the IgE isotype after affinity selection. In previous work, using a food allergy model in mice, we investigated how high-affinity IgE develops in the GC, but we did not test the indirect switching model. In this study, we analyzed the importance of the indirect switching pathway by constructing IgG1-cre Bcl6-fl/fl mice. In these mice, once B cells switch to IgG1, they delete Bcl6 and thus cannot enter or persist in the GC. When we tested IgG1-cre Bcl6-fl/fl mice with our food allergy model, we found that, as expected, IgG1 Abs had decreased affinity, but unexpectedly, the affinity of IgE for allergen was unchanged. IgG1-cre Bcl6-fl/fl mice underwent anaphylaxis in response to allergen, consistent with the formation of high-affinity IgE. Thus, in a food allergy response, high-affinity IgE can be efficiently formed in the absence of indirect switching to IgG1, either by direct selection of IgE+ GC B cells or indirect selection of IgM+ GC B cells that later switch to IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Noelle Luling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Julia Reinke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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14
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Melnik BC, Stadler R, Weiskirchen R, Leitzmann C, Schmitz G. Potential Pathogenic Impact of Cow’s Milk Consumption and Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076102. [PMID: 37047075 PMCID: PMC10094152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports an association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. This narrative review intends to elucidate the potential impact of milk-related agents, predominantly milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) and their microRNAs (miRs) in lymphomagenesis. Upregulation of PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling is a common feature of DLBCL. Increased expression of B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and suppression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1)/PR domain-containing protein 1 (PRDM1) are crucial pathological deviations in DLBCL. Translational evidence indicates that during the breastfeeding period, human MDE miRs support B cell proliferation via epigenetic upregulation of BCL6 (via miR-148a-3p-mediated suppression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and miR-155-5p/miR-29b-5p-mediated suppression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) and suppression of BLIMP1 (via MDE let-7-5p/miR-125b-5p-targeting of PRDM1). After weaning with the physiological termination of MDE miR signaling, the infant’s BCL6 expression and B cell proliferation declines, whereas BLIMP1-mediated B cell maturation for adequate own antibody production rises. Because human and bovine MDE miRs share identical nucleotide sequences, the consumption of pasteurized cow’s milk in adults with the continued transfer of bioactive bovine MDE miRs may de-differentiate B cells back to the neonatal “proliferation-dominated” B cell phenotype maintaining an increased BLC6/BLIMP1 ratio. Persistent milk-induced epigenetic dysregulation of BCL6 and BLIMP1 expression may thus represent a novel driving mechanism in B cell lymphomagenesis. Bovine MDEs and their miR cargo have to be considered potential pathogens that should be removed from the human food chain.
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15
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Vlasevska S, Garcia-Ibanez L, Duval R, Holmes A, Jahan R, Cai B, Kim A, Mo T, Basso K, Soni R, Bhagat G, Dalla-Favera R, Pasqualucci L. KMT2D acetylation by CREBBP reveals a cooperative functional interaction at enhancers in normal and malignant germinal center B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218330120. [PMID: 36893259 PMCID: PMC10089214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218330120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous inactivating mutations of the KMT2D methyltransferase and the CREBBP acetyltransferase are among the most common genetic alterations in B cell lymphoma and co-occur in 40 to 60% of follicular lymphoma (FL) and 30% of EZB/C3 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases, suggesting they may be coselected. Here, we show that combined germinal center (GC)-specific haploinsufficiency of Crebbp and Kmt2d synergizes in vivo to promote the expansion of abnormally polarized GCs, a common preneoplastic event. These enzymes form a biochemical complex on select enhancers/superenhancers that are critical for the delivery of immune signals in the GC light zone and are only corrupted upon dual Crebbp/Kmt2d loss, both in mouse GC B cells and in human DLBCL. Moreover, CREBBP directly acetylates KMT2D in GC-derived B cells, and, consistently, its inactivation by FL/DLBCL-associated mutations abrogates its ability to catalyze KMT2D acetylation. Genetic and pharmacologic loss of CREBBP and the consequent decrease in KMT2D acetylation lead to reduced levels of H3K4me1, supporting a role for this posttranslational modification in modulating KMT2D activity. Our data identify a direct biochemical and functional interaction between CREBBP and KMT2D in the GC, with implications for their role as tumor suppressors in FL/DLBCL and for the development of precision medicine approaches targeting enhancer defects induced by their combined loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Vlasevska
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | | | - Romain Duval
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Antony B. Holmes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Bowen Cai
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Andrew Kim
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Tongwei Mo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Katia Basso
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Rajesh K. Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Riccardo Dalla-Favera
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
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16
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Verstegen NJM, Pollastro S, Unger PPA, Marsman C, Elias G, Jorritsma T, Streutker M, Bassler K, Haendler K, Rispens T, Schultze JL, ten Brinke A, Beyer M, van Ham SM. Single-cell analysis reveals dynamics of human B cell differentiation and identifies novel B and antibody-secreting cell intermediates. eLife 2023; 12:83578. [PMID: 36861964 PMCID: PMC10005767 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) is a key process to generate protective humoral immunity. A detailed understanding of the cues controlling ASC differentiation is important to devise strategies to modulate antibody formation. Here, we dissected differentiation trajectories of human naive B cells into ASCs using single-cell RNA sequencing. By comparing transcriptomes of B cells at different stages of differentiation from an in vitro model with ex vivo B cells and ASCs, we uncovered a novel pre-ASC population present ex vivo in lymphoid tissues. For the first time, a germinal-center-like population is identified in vitro from human naive B cells and possibly progresses into a memory B cell population through an alternative route of differentiation, thus recapitulating in vivo human GC reactions. Our work allows further detailed characterization of human B cell differentiation into ASCs or memory B cells in both healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels JM Verstegen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Sabrina Pollastro
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Peter-Paul A Unger
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Casper Marsman
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - George Elias
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Tineke Jorritsma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marij Streutker
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Kevin Bassler
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Kristian Haendler
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of BonnBonnGermany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of BonnBonnGermany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Anja ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marc Beyer
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of BonnBonnGermany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of BonnBonnGermany
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
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17
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Qureshi QUA, Audas TE, Morin RD, Coyle KM. Emerging roles for heterogeneous ribonuclear proteins in normal and malignant B cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:160-171. [PMID: 36745874 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are among the most abundantly expressed RNA binding proteins in the cell and play major roles in all facets of RNA metabolism. hnRNPs are increasingly appreciated as essential for mammalian B cell development by regulating the carefully ordered expression of specific genes. Due to this tight regulation of the hnRNP-RNA network, it is no surprise that a growing number of genes encoding hnRNPs have been causally associated with the onset or progression of many cancers, including B cell neoplasms. Here we discuss our current understanding of hnRNP-driven regulation in normal, perturbed, and malignant B cells, and the most recent and emerging therapeutic innovations aimed at targeting the hnRNP-RNA network in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurat Ul Ain Qureshi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy E Audas
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Krysta M Coyle
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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18
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Betzler AC, Ushmorov A, Brunner C. The transcriptional program during germinal center reaction - a close view at GC B cells, Tfh cells and Tfr cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125503. [PMID: 36817488 PMCID: PMC9936310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) reaction is a key process during an adaptive immune response to T cell specific antigens. GCs are specialized structures within secondary lymphoid organs, in which B cell proliferation, somatic hypermutation and antibody affinity maturation occur. As a result, high affinity antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells are generated. An effective GC response needs interaction between multiple cell types. Besides reticular cells and follicular dendritic cells, particularly B cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells as well as T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are a key player during the GC reaction. Whereas Tfh cells provide help to GC B cells in selection processes, Tfr cells, a specialized subset of regulatory T cells (Tregs), are able to suppress the GC reaction maintaining the balance between immune activation and tolerance. The formation and function of GCs is regulated by a complex network of signals and molecules at multiple levels. In this review, we highlight recent developments in GC biology by focusing on the transcriptional program regulating the GC reaction. This review focuses on the transcriptional co-activator BOB.1/OBF.1, whose important role for GC B, Tfh and Tfr cell differentiation became increasingly clear in recent years. Moreover, we outline how deregulation of the GC transcriptional program can drive lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexey Ushmorov
- Ulm University, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany,*Correspondence: Cornelia Brunner,
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19
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Xiang J, Shen J, Zhang L, Tang B. Identification and validation of senescence-related genes in circulating endothelial cells of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1057985. [PMID: 36582740 PMCID: PMC9792765 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1057985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main clinical cause of death and cardiovascular disease and thus has high rates of morbidity and mortality. The increase in cardiovascular disease with aging is partly the result of vascular endothelial cell senescence and associated vascular dysfunction. This study was performed to identify potential key cellular senescence-related genes (SRGs) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of AMI using bioinformatics. Methods Using the CellAge database, we identified cellular SRGs. GSE66360 and GSE48060 for AMI patients and healthy controls and GSE19322 for mice were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GSE66360 dataset was divided into a training set and a validation set. The GSE48060 dataset was used as another validation set. The GSE19322 dataset was used to explore the evolution of the screened diagnostic markers in the dynamic process of AMI. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of AMI were identified from the GSE66360 training set. Differentially expressed senescence-related genes (DESRGs) selected from SRGs and DEGs were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Hub genes in DESRGs were selected based on degree, and diagnostic genes were further screened by gene expression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, a miRNA-gene network of diagnostic genes was constructed and targeted drug prediction was performed. Results A total of 520 DEGs were screened from the GSE66360 training set, and 279 SRGs were identified from the CellAge database. The overlapping DEGs and SRGs constituted 14 DESRGs, including 4 senescence suppressor genes and 10 senescence inducible genes. The top 10 hub genes, including FOS, MMP9, CEBPB, CDKN1A, CXCL1, ETS2, BCL6, SGK1, ZFP36, and IGFBP3, were screened. Furthermore, three diagnostic genes were identified: MMP9, ETS2, and BCL6. The ROC analysis showed that the respective area under the curves (AUCs) of MMP9, ETS2, and BCL6 were 0.786, 0.848, and 0.852 in the GSE66360 validation set and 0.708, 0.791, and 0.727 in the GSE48060 dataset. In the GSE19322 dataset, MMP9 (AUC, 0.888) and ETS2 (AUC, 0.929) had very high diagnostic values in the early stage of AMI. Finally, based on these three diagnostic genes, we found that drugs such as acetylcysteine and genistein may be targeted for the treatment of age-related AMI. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that cellular SRGs might play an important role in AMI. MMP9, ETS2, and BCL6 have potential as specific biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Ling Zhang,
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,*Correspondence: Baopeng Tang,
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20
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Garcia B, Dong F, Casadei E, Rességuier J, Ma J, Cain KD, Castrillo PA, Xu Z, Salinas I. A Novel Organized Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Teleosts That Expresses Molecular Markers Characteristic of Mammalian Germinal Centers. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2215-2226. [PMID: 36426979 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nasal immunity is an ancient and conserved arm of the mucosal immune system in vertebrates. In teleost fish, we previously reported the presence of a nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) characterized by scattered immune cells located in the trout olfactory lamellae. This diffuse NALT mounts innate and adaptive immune responses to nasal infection or vaccination. In mammals, lymphoid structures such as adenoids and tonsils support affinity maturation of the adaptive immune response in the nasopharyngeal cavity. These structures, known as organized NALT (O-NALT), have not been identified in teleost fish to date, but their evolutionary forerunners exist in sarcopterygian fish. In this study, we report that the rainbow trout nasal cavity is lined with a lymphoepithelium that extends from the most dorsal opening of the nares to the ventral nasal cavity. Within the nasal lymphoepithelium we found lymphocyte aggregates called O-NALT in this study that are composed of ∼ 56% CD4+, 24% IgM+, 16% CD8α+, and 4% IgT+ lymphocytes and that have high constitutive aicda mRNA expression. Intranasal (i.n.) vaccination with live attenuated infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus triggers expansions of B and T cells and aicda expression in response to primary i.n. vaccination. IgM+ B cells undergo proliferation and apoptosis within O-NALT upon prime but not boost i.n. vaccination. Our results suggest that novel mucosal microenvironments such as O-NALT may be involved in the affinity maturation of the adaptive immune response in early vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Garcia
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Fen Dong
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.,Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Elisa Casadei
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Julien Rességuier
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; and
| | - Kenneth D Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; and
| | - Pedro A Castrillo
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.,Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Irene Salinas
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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21
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Crouch S, Painter D, Barrans SL, Roman E, Beer PA, Cooke SL, Glover P, Van Hoppe SJ, Webster N, Lacy SE, Ruiz C, Campbell PJ, Hodson DJ, Patmore R, Burton C, Smith A, Tooze RM. Molecular subclusters of follicular lymphoma: a report from the United Kingdom's Haematological Malignancy Research Network. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5716-5731. [PMID: 35363872 PMCID: PMC9619185 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is morphologically and clinically diverse, with mutations in epigenetic regulators alongside t(14;18) identified as disease-initiating events. Identification of additional mutational entities confirms this cancer's heterogeneity, but whether mutational data can be resolved into mechanistically distinct subsets remains an open question. Targeted sequencing was applied to an unselected population-based FL cohort (n = 548) with full clinical follow-up (n = 538), which included 96 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) transformations. We investigated whether molecular subclusters of FL can be identified and whether mutational data provide predictive information relating to transformation. DNA extracted from FL samples was sequenced with a 293-gene panel representing genes frequently mutated in DLBCL and FL. Three clusters were resolved using mutational data alone, independent of translocation status: FL_aSHM, with high burden of aberrant somatic hypermutation (aSHM) targets; FL_STAT6, with high STAT6 & CREBBP mutation and low aSHM; and FL_Com, with the absence of features of other subtypes and enriched KMT2D mutation. Analysis of mutation signatures demonstrated differential enrichment of predicted mutation signatures between subgroups and a dominant preference in the FL_aSHM subgroup for G(C>T)T and G(C>T)C transitions consistent with previously defined aSHM-like patterns. Of transformed cases with paired samples, 17 of 26 had evidence of branching evolution. Poorer overall survival (OS) in the aSHM group (P = .04) was associated with older age; however, overall tumor genetics provided limited information to predict individual patient risk. Our approach identifies 3 molecular subclusters of FL linked to differences in underlying mechanistic pathways. These clusters, which may be further resolved by the inclusion of translocation status and wider mutation profiles, have implications for understanding pathogenesis as well as improving treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Crouch
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Painter
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon L. Barrans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eve Roman
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A. Beer
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna L. Cooke
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Glover
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Suzan J.L. Van Hoppe
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola Webster
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart E. Lacy
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Camilo Ruiz
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel J. Hodson
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Russell Patmore
- Queen’s Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Burton
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Smith
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben M. Tooze
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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22
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Almohaisen FLJ, Heidary S, Sobah ML, Ward AC, Liongue C. B cell lymphoma 6A regulates immune development and function in zebrafish. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887278. [PMID: 36389136 PMCID: PMC9650189 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL6A is a transcriptional repressor implicated in the development and survival of B and T lymphoctyes, which is also highly expressed in many non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, such as diffuse large B cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Roles in other cell types, including macrophages and non-hematopoietic cells, have also been suggested but require further investigation. This study sought to identify and characterize zebrafish BCL6A and investigate its role in immune cell development and function, with a focus on early macrophages. Bioinformatics analysis identified a homologue for BCL6A (bcl6aa), as well as an additional fish-specific duplicate (bcl6ab) and a homologue for the closely-related BCL6B (bcl6b). The human BCL6A and zebrafish Bcl6aa proteins were highly conserved across the constituent BTB/POZ, PEST and zinc finger domains. Expression of bcl6aa during early zebrafish embryogenesis was observed in the lateral plate mesoderm, a site of early myeloid cell development, with later expression seen in the brain, eye and thymus. Homozygous bcl6aa mutants developed normally until around 14 days post fertilization (dpf), after which their subsequent growth and maturation was severely impacted along with their relative survival, with heterozygous bcl6aa mutants showing an intermediate phenotype. Analysis of immune cell development revealed significantly decreased lymphoid and macrophage cells in both homozygous and heterozygous bcl6aa mutants, being exacerbated in homozygous mutants. In contrast, the number of neutrophils was unaffected. Only the homozygous bcl6aa mutants showed decreased macrophage mobility in response to wounding and reduced ability to contain bacterial infection. Collectively, this suggests strong conservation of BCL6A across evolution, including a role in macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq L. J. Almohaisen
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Southern Technical University, Basra, Iraq
| | | | | | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Clifford Liongue,
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23
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Chudakov DB, Konovalova MV, Kashirina EI, Kotsareva OD, Shevchenko MA, Tsaregorodtseva DS, Fattakhova GV. DEPs Induce Local Ige Class Switching Independent of Their Ability to Stimulate iBALT de Novo Formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13063. [PMID: 36293642 PMCID: PMC9603618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are leading to a general increase in atopic diseases worldwide. However, it is still unknown whether DEPs induce systemic B-cell IgE class switching in secondary lymphoid organs or locally in the lungs in inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT). The aim of this work was to identify the exact site of DEP-mediated B-cell IgE class switching and pro-allergic antibody production. METHODS We immunized BALB/c mice with different OVA doses (0.3 and 30 µg) intranasally in the presence and absence of two types of DEPs, SRM1650B and SRM2786. We used low (30 µg) and high (150 µg) DEP doses. RESULTS Only a high DEP dose induced IgE production, regardless of the particle type. Local IgE class switching was stimulated upon treatment with both types of particles with both low and high OVA doses. Despite the similar ability of the two standard DEPs to stimulate IgE production, their ability to induce iBALT formation and growth was markedly different upon co-administration with low OVA doses. CONCLUSIONS DEP-induced local IgE class switching takes place in preexisting iBALTs independent of de novo iBALT formation, at least in the case of SRM1650B co-administered with low OVA doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Borisovich Chudakov
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mariya Vladimirovna Konovalova
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elena Igorevna Kashirina
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Dmitrievna Kotsareva
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Marina Alexandrovna Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Daria Sergeevna Tsaregorodtseva
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 1194535, Russia
| | - Gulnar Vaisovna Fattakhova
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
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24
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SoRelle ED, Reinoso-Vizcaino NM, Horn GQ, Luftig MA. Epstein-Barr virus perpetuates B cell germinal center dynamics and generation of autoimmune-associated phenotypes in vitro. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001145. [PMID: 36248899 PMCID: PMC9554744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human B cells encompass functionally diverse lineages and phenotypic states that contribute to protective as well as pathogenic responses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) provides a unique lens for studying heterogeneous B cell responses, given its adaptation to manipulate intrinsic cell programming. EBV promotes the activation, proliferation, and eventual outgrowth of host B cells as immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) in vitro, which provide a foundational model of viral latency and lymphomagenesis. Although cellular responses and outcomes of infection can vary significantly within populations, investigations that capture genome-wide perspectives of this variation at single-cell resolution are in nascent stages. We have recently used single-cell approaches to identify EBV-mediated B cell heterogeneity in de novo infection and within LCLs, underscoring the dynamic and complex qualities of latent infection rather than a singular, static infection state. Here, we expand upon these findings with functional characterizations of EBV-induced dynamic phenotypes that mimic B cell immune responses. We found that distinct subpopulations isolated from LCLs could completely reconstitute the full phenotypic spectrum of their parental lines. In conjunction with conserved patterns of cell state diversity identified within scRNA-seq data, these data support a model in which EBV continuously drives recurrent B cell entry, progression through, and egress from the Germinal Center (GC) reaction. This "perpetual GC" also generates tangent cell fate trajectories including terminal plasmablast differentiation, which constitutes a replicative cul-de-sac for EBV from which lytic reactivation provides escape. Furthermore, we found that both established EBV latency and de novo infection support the development of cells with features of atypical memory B cells, which have been broadly associated with autoimmune disorders. Treatment of LCLs with TLR7 agonist or IL-21 was sufficient to generate an increased frequency of IgD-/CD27-/CD23-/CD38+/CD138+ plasmablasts. Separately, de novo EBV infection led to the development of CXCR3+/CD11c+/FCRL4+ B cells within days, providing evidence for possible T cell-independent origins of a recently described EBV-associated neuroinvasive CXCR3+ B cell subset in patients with multiple sclerosis. Collectively, this work reveals unexpected virus-driven complexity across infected cell populations and highlights potential roles of EBV in mediating or priming foundational aspects of virus-associated immune cell dysfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott D. SoRelle
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Gillian Q. Horn
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Micah A. Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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25
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Yurttaş NÖ, Eşkazan AE. Clinical Application of Biomarkers for Hematologic Malignancies. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant advancements have been made in the
molecular mechanisms, diagnostic methods, prognostication, and treatment options in
hematologic malignancies. As the treatment landscape continues to expand,
personalized treatment is much more important.
With the development of new technologies, more sensitive evaluation of residual
disease using flow cytometry and next generation sequencing is possible nowadays.
Although some conventional biomarkers preserve their significance, novel potential
biomarkers accurately detect the mutational landscape of different cancers, and also,
serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, which can be used in evaluating therapy
responses and relapses. It is likely that we will be able to offer a more targeted and
risk-adapted therapeutic approach to patients with hematologic malignancies guided by
these potential biomarkers. This chapter summarizes the biomarkers used (or proposed
to be used) in the diagnosis and/or monitoring of hematologic neoplasms.;
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgül Özgür Yurttaş
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine,
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emre Eşkazan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine,
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Hino C, Pham B, Gray AL, Wang J, Castillo DR, Akhtari M, Liu Y. Clinicopathologic Features and Treatment of CD10-Positive Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610588. [PMID: 36091937 PMCID: PMC9454308 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma characterized by the translocation t(11;14) (q13;32) and overexpression of CCND1. MCL is immunophenotypically identified as CD20+, CD5+, CyclinD1+, CD43+, CD10−, BCL6−, and CD23−. It is often distinguished from B cell lymphomas of germinal center cell origin by the absence of CD10 expression. Here we report the unique clinicopathologic features of a patient with CD10+ MCL with gastrointestinal involvement and review current literature identifying this unique immunophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Bryan Pham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Austin L. Gray
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Dan Ran Castillo
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Mojtaba Akhtari
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yan Liu,
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27
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Vitamin K2 Improves Osteogenic Differentiation by Inhibiting STAT1 via the Bcl-6 and IL-6/JAK in C3H10 T1/2 Clone 8 Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142934. [PMID: 35889891 PMCID: PMC9316273 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic activity of vitamin K2 (VK2), a small molecular nutrient, has been suggested. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which VK2 promotes osteogenic differentiation. The effects of VK2 on osteogenic differentiation indicators were determined in C3H10 T1/2 clone 8 cells. The RNA-seq analysis was used to explore the hypothesis that VK2 promotes osteogenic differentiation. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) assay and plasmid transfection assay were used to determine the potential role of VK2 in the modulation of Bcl-6/STAT axis and IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling pathway. VK2 significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), and RUNX2 abundance, and RUNX2 protein expression. RNA-seq analysis showed that there were 314 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated and 1348 DEGs downregulated by VK2. PPI analysis determined the top 10 hub genes upregulated or downregulated by VK2. Overexpression of Bcl-6 increased osteogenic differentiation and decreased expression of STAT1. Administration with VK2 restored the inhibition by siBcl-6 in osteogenic differentiation. Knockdown of IL-6 decreased the mRNA levels of genes associated with the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and increased markers of osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, treatment with VK2 improved inhibition in osteogenic differentiation and decreased enhancement of JAK/STAT signaling pathway related genes by overexpression of IL-6. Our study suggests that VK2 could improve osteogenic differentiation via the Bcl-6/STAT axis and IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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28
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Chen Y, Li C, Wang N, Wu Z, Zhang J, Yan J, Wei Y, Peng Q, Qi J. Identification of LINC00654-NINL Regulatory Axis in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma In Silico Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:883301. [PMID: 35719990 PMCID: PMC9204339 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-mRNA regulation network plays an important role in the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This study uses bioinformatics to find an innovative regulation axis in DLBCL that will provide a positive reference for defining the mechanism of disease progression. Methods Batch Cox regression was used to screen prognosis-related lncRNAs, and a random forest model was used to identify hub lncRNA. The clinical value of the lncRNA was evaluated and Spearman correlation analysis was used to predict the candidate target genes. Gene Oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were used to define the biological function of the lncRNA. A batch Cox regression model, expression validation, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to select the best downstream target genes. The expression and prognostic value validation of this gene was conducted using public data. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore potential mechanisms for this gene in DLBCL. Results LINC00654 was identified as the hub lncRNA and 1443 mRNAs were selected as downstream target genes of the lncRNA. The target genes were enriched in the regulation of GTPase and Notch signaling pathways. After validation, the ninein-like (NINL) gene was selected as the potential target of LINC00654 and the LINC00654-NINL axis was constructed. Patients with better responses to therapy were shown to have high NINL gene expression (p-value = 0.036). NINL also had high expression in the DB cell line and low expression in the OCILY3 cell line. Survival analysis showed that high NINL expression was a risk factor for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) within older patients and those with advanced-stage cancer. GSEA results showed that NINL may be involved in neutrophil-mediated immunity and NF-κB signaling. Conclusion This study identified a novel LncRNA00654-NINL regulatory axis in DLBCL, which could provide a favorable reference for exploring the possible mechanisms of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchu Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, WuHu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nana Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, WuHu, China
| | - Zhenghao Wu
- Department of Clinical and Surgery, Moscow State First Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jiawei Yan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, WuHu, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, WuHu, China
| | - Qunlong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, WuHu, China
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29
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Gao Y, Zamisch M, Vacchio M, Chopp L, Ciucci T, Paine EL, Lyons GC, Nie J, Xiao Q, Zvezdova E, Love PE, Vinson CR, Jenkins LM, Bosselut R. NuRD complex recruitment to Thpok mediates CD4 + T cell lineage differentiation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn5917. [PMID: 35687698 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn5917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although BTB-zinc finger (BTB-ZF) transcription factors control the differentiation of multiple hematopoietic and immune lineages, how they function is poorly understood. The BTB-ZF factor Thpok controls intrathymic CD4+ T cell development and the expression of most CD4+ and CD8+ lineage genes. Here, we identify the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex as a critical Thpok cofactor. Using mass spectrometry and coimmunoprecipitation in primary T cells, we show that Thpok binds NuRD components independently of DNA association. We locate three amino acid residues within the Thpok BTB domain that are required for both NuRD binding and Thpok functions. Conversely, a chimeric protein merging the NuRD component Mta2 to a BTB-less version of Thpok supports CD4+ T cell development, indicating that NuRD recruitment recapitulates the functions of the Thpok BTB domain. We found that NuRD mediates Thpok repression of CD8+ lineage genes, including the transcription factor Runx3, but is dispensable for Cd4 expression. We show that these functions cannot be performed by the BTB domain of the Thpok-related factor Bcl6, which fails to bind NuRD. Thus, cofactor binding critically contributes to the functional specificity of BTB-ZF factors, which control the differentiation of most hematopoietic subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Gao
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Zamisch
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie Vacchio
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elliott L Paine
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gaelyn C Lyons
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jia Nie
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qi Xiao
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ekaterina Zvezdova
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul E Love
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles R Vinson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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30
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Hu Q, Xu T, Zhang W, Huang C. Bach2 regulates B cell survival to maintain germinal centers and promote B cell memory. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 618:86-92. [PMID: 35716600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Bach2 serves as a crucial regulator of the germinal center (GC) reaction, which is required for production of high-affinity antibodies and establishment of long-lived B cell memory. However, the stage at which Bach2 controls the GC programs and the precise mechanism underlying these processes remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that genetic ablation of Bach2 in GC B cells of mice impairs their survival and maintenance, and memory B cell formation. These defects can be rescued by enforced expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2. As expected, Bach2-deficient GC B cells are defective in antibody affinity maturation, but have normal somatic hyper mutation and class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes. Mechanistically, Bach2 controls the GC programs by directly repressing pro-apoptotic gene Bim and a set of genes involved in cell stress response and metabolic processes. Thus, our work reveals the precise roles of Bach2 in the GC biology, and demonstrates that Bach2 acts as a crucial survival regulator of GC B cells, providing a key mechanism underlying GC B maintenance and B cell memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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31
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Louwen F, Kreis NN, Ritter A, Friemel A, Solbach C, Yuan J. BCL6, a key oncogene, in the placenta, pre-eclampsia and endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:890-909. [PMID: 35640966 PMCID: PMC9629482 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key oncogene B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) drives malignant progression by promoting proliferation, overriding DNA damage checkpoints and blocking cell terminal differentiation. However, its functions in the placenta and the endometrium remain to be defined. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Recent studies provide evidence that BCL6 may play various roles in the human placenta and the endometrium. Deregulated BCL6 might be related to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) as well as endometriosis. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the pathophysiological role of BCL6 in these two reproductive organs, discuss related molecular mechanisms, and underline associated research perspectives. SEARCH METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed for human, animal and cellular studies published until October 2021 in the following areas: BCL6 in the placenta, in PE and in endometriosis, in combination with its functions in proliferation, fusion, migration, invasion, differentiation, stem/progenitor cell maintenance and lineage commitment. OUTCOMES The data demonstrate that BCL6 is important in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and invasion of trophoblastic cells. BCL6 may have critical roles in stem/progenitor cell survival and differentiation in the placenta and the endometrium. BCL6 is aberrantly upregulated in pre-eclamptic placentas and endometriotic lesions through various mechanisms, including changes in gene transcription and mRNA translation as well as post-transcriptional/translational modifications. Importantly, increased endometrial BCL6 is considered to be a non-invasive diagnostic marker for endometriosis and a predictor for poor outcomes of IVF. These data highlight that BCL6 is crucial for placental development and endometrium homeostasis, and its upregulation is associated with the pathogenesis of PE, endometriosis and infertility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The lesson learned from studies of the key oncogene BCL6 reinforces the notion that numerous signaling pathways and regulators are shared by tumors and reproductive organs. Their alteration may promote the progression of malignancies as well as the development of gestational and reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Louwen
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Ritter
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Lombard‐Vadnais F, Lacombe J, Chabot‐Roy G, Ferron M, Lesage S. OCA‐B does not act as a transcriptional coactivator in T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:338-351. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Lombard‐Vadnais
- Immunologie‐oncologie Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Montréal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Julie Lacombe
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal Montréal QC H2W 1R7 Canada
| | - Geneviève Chabot‐Roy
- Immunologie‐oncologie Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Montréal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal Montréal QC H2W 1R7 Canada
- Département de médecine Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunologie‐oncologie Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Montréal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
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Gordon MJ, Westin JR. Fitting double-hit lymphoma into the aggressive lymphoma spectrum: a square peg in a round hole? Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1034-1044. [PMID: 34842019 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2008383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements or both, commonly called double-hit lymphoma (DHL), is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that is molecularly distinct from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and is associated with poor outcomes. Recent advances in the molecular classification of DLBCL have identified distinct subsets, including genetic signatures which correlate with DHL and survival. DHL with concomitant TP53 mutation appears to be associated with a very poor prognosis. Standard chemo-immunotherapy is not an effective treatment for these patients and personalized, innovative strategies are needed. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the subclassification of DLBCL, with a focus on DHL. We also incorporate early, promising clinical trial data using CAR T and targeted therapies. Rationally designed clinical trials for DLBCL are needed to advance the care of patients with DHL and other adverse risk DLBCL subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J Gordon
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason R Westin
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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34
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Graney PL, Zhong Z, Post S, Brito I, Singh A. Engineering early memory B-cell-like phenotype in hydrogel-based immune organoids. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1435-1447. [PMID: 35388946 PMCID: PMC9214626 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Memory B cells originate in response to antigenic stimulation in B-cell follicles of secondary lymphoid organs where naive B cells undergo maturation within a subanatomical microenvironment, the germinal centers. The understanding of memory B-cell immunology and its regulation is based primarily on sophisticated experiments that involve mouse models. To date, limited evidence exists on whether memory B cells can be successfully engineered ex vivo, specifically using biomaterials-based platforms that support the growth and differentiation of B cells. Here, we report the characterization of a recently reported maleimide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels as immune organoids towards the development of early memory B-cell phenotype and germinal center-like B cells. We demonstrate that the use of interleukin 9 (IL9), IL21, and bacterial antigen presentation as outer membrane-bound fragments drives the conversion of naive, primary murine B cells to early memory phenotype in ex vivo immune organoids. These findings describe the induction of early memory B-cell-like phenotype in immune organoids and highlight the potential of synthetic organoids as a platform for the future development of antigen-specific bona fide memory B cells for the study of the immune system and generation of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Graney
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Zhong
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Post
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ilana Brito
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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35
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Fu H, Shen J, Zhou H, Zhang F, Li H, Ma Z, Huang W, Chen L, Chen Y, Liu T. Mutation profiling of circulating tumor DNA identifies distinct mutation patterns in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2022; 108:298-309. [PMID: 34997652 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is emerging as a versatile biomarker for noninvasive genotyping and response monitoring in specific B-cell lymphomas; however, few studies have been conducted to explore ctDNA-based mutation profiling across non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and genomic changes after initiation of chemotherapy. METHODS A targeted sequencing of 362 genes was performed to detect the mutation profiles in paired blood and tissue samples from 42 NHL patients. Genomic alterations were explored in 11 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients using paired blood samples collected pre- and post-R-CHOP chemotherapy. RESULTS The frequencies of PIM1, MYD88, MYC, ZNF292, JAK, and MAF mutations were higher in aggressive than in indolent B-cell lymphoma and NK/T subtypes. Tumor mutation burden in blood samples was higher in aggressive than in indolent B-cell lymphomas and higher in patients who progressed than in those who responded to treatments. Our data also revealed significant enhance of concordance index through integrating mutated genes that were significantly associated with prognosis into International Prognostic Index-based prognostic model. Moreover, acquisition of mutations such as PCLO_p.L1220Tfs*3 was associated with resistance to R-CHOP in DLBCL patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrated distinct mutation patterns across various NHL subtypes and suggested the association of genomic alterations in ctDNA with treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Fu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianzhen Shen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Research and Development Division, Oriomics Biotech Inc, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Research and Development Division, Oriomics Biotech Inc, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanling Huang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lushan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, China
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36
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Pei H, Guo W, Peng Y, Xiong H, Chen Y. Targeting key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation for cancer therapy: Current strategies and future prospective. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1607-1660. [PMID: 35312190 DOI: 10.1002/med.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation play convergent roles in cellular homeostasis, and their dysfunction mediates aberrant gene expressions that underline the hallmarks of tumorigenesis. As tumor progression is dependent on such abnormal regulation of transcription, it is important to discover novel chemical entities as antitumor drugs that target key tumor-associated proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. Despite most key proteins (especially transcription factors) involved in transcriptional regulation are historically recognized as undruggable targets, multiple targeting approaches at diverse levels of transcriptional regulation, such as epigenetic intervention, inhibition of DNA-binding of transcriptional factors, and inhibition of the protein-protein interactions (PPIs), have been established in preclinically or clinically studies. In addition, several new approaches have recently been described, such as targeting proteasomal degradation and eliciting synthetic lethality. This review will emphasize on accentuating these developing therapeutic approaches and provide a thorough conspectus of the drug development to target key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and their impact on future oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Pei
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikai Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yangrui Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Xiong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Liu X, Zhao Y, Qi H. T-independent antigen induces humoral memory through germinal centers. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212958. [PMID: 35019947 PMCID: PMC8759593 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T-dependent humoral responses generate long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells (PCs) predominantly through germinal center (GC) reaction. In human and mouse, memory B cells and long-lived PCs are also generated during immune responses to T-independent antigen, including bacterial polysaccharides, although the underlying mechanism for such T-independent humoral memory is not clear. While T-independent antigen can induce GCs, they are transient and thought to be nonproductive. Unexpectedly, by genetic fate-mapping, we find that these GCs actually output memory B cells and PCs. Using a conditional BCL6 deletion approach, we show memory B cells and PCs fail to last when T-independent GCs are precluded, suggesting that the GC experience per se is important for programming longevity of T-independent memory B cells and PCs. Consistent with the fact that infants cannot mount long-lived humoral memory to T-independent antigen, B cells from young animals intrinsically fail to form T-independent GCs. Our results suggest that T-independent GCs support humoral memory, and GC induction may be key to effective vaccines with T-independent antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongshan Zhao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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38
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Chen W, Liu H, Wang P, Li G. Clinical and biological features of mantle cell lymphoma patients with co-expression of CD10 and BCL-6: a retrospective study. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:4786-4793. [PMID: 35116331 PMCID: PMC8798977 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with co-expression of CD10 and BCL-6 was scarcely reported, and its biological features were largely remained unknown. Thus, this study aimed to describe the clinical and biological features, as well as outcome of MCL patients with co-expression of CD10 and BCL-6. Methods A total of 104 cases of MCL who were admitted to our hospital between January 2011 and October 2018 were recruited. Those patients were diagnosed according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, in compliance with the results of cytomorphology and immunohistochemical analysis. Patients were followed up through telephone interviews, medical records. Differences in age, gender, leukocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, beta-2 microglobulin (β2-MG) level and results of immunohistochemistry were analyzed. Then the event-free survival (EFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Results The results showed that, in total, 5 patients had superficial lymph node enlargement, 2 patients suffered from abdominal discomfort, and 1 patient’s red blood cell (RBC) count was abnormal at the time of diagnosis. All patients were in stage IV, 75% had bone marrow involvement, and 75% and 100% of patients had elevated levels of LDH and β2-MG, respectively. Three classic genes and five variants were involved in the 8 patients. MCL patients with the co-expression of CD10 and BCL-6 had higher Ki-67 index, white blood cell (WBC) count, LDH level, and β2-MG level than those of without co-expression of CD10 and BCL-6 (P=0.025, 0.038, 0.015, and 0.021, respectively). Besides, MCL patients with CD10 and BCL-6 co-expression had shorter OS and EFS (χ2=6.401 and 5.975; P=0.011 and 0.015, respectively), indicating patients’ susceptibility to get complex karyotype and TP53 abnormality. Conclusions MCL patients with co-expression of CD10 and BCL-6 were more likely to have bone marrow involvement, higher Ki-67 index, increased WBC count, and elevated levels of LDH and β2-MG at the time of diagnosis, then might has complex cytogenetic and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzi Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hangmin Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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The Central Role of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in EBV-Mediated Oncogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030611. [PMID: 35158879 PMCID: PMC8833352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first discovered human tumor virus, which contributes to the oncogenesis of many human cancers. The ubiquitin–proteasome system is a key player during EBV-mediated oncogenesis and has been developed as a crucial therapeutic target for treatment. In this review, we briefly describe how EBV antigens can modulate the ubiquitin–proteasome system for targeted protein degradation and how they are regulated in the EBV life cycle to mediate oncogenesis. Additionally, the developed proteasome inhibitors are discussed for the treatment of EBV-associated cancers. Abstract Deregulation of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays a critical role in the development of numerous human cancers. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), the first known human tumor virus, has evolved distinct molecular mechanisms to manipulate the ubiquitin–proteasome system, facilitate its successful infection, and drive opportunistic cancers. The interactions of EBV antigens with the ubiquitin–proteasome system can lead to oncogenesis through the targeting of cellular factors involved in proliferation. Recent studies highlight the central role of the ubiquitin–proteasome system in EBV infection. This review will summarize the versatile strategies in EBV-mediated oncogenesis that contribute to the development of specific therapeutic approaches to treat EBV-associated malignancies.
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40
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Shiraz AK, Panther EJ, Reilly CM. Altered Germinal-Center Metabolism in B Cells in Autoimmunity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010040. [PMID: 35050162 PMCID: PMC8780703 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes play an important role in the pathophysiology of many autoimmune disorders by producing autoantibodies, secreting cytokines, and presenting antigens. B cells undergo extreme physiological changes as they develop and differentiate. Aberrant function in tolerogenic checkpoints and the metabolic state of B cells might be the contributing factors to the dysfunctionality of autoimmune B cells. Understanding B-cell metabolism in autoimmunity is important as it can give rise to new treatments. Recent investigations have revealed that alterations in metabolism occur in the activation of B cells. Several reports have suggested that germinal center (GC) B cells of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have altered metabolic function. GCs are unique microenvironments in which the delicate and complex process of B-cell affinity maturation occurs through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switching recombination (CSR) and where Bcl6 tightly regulates B-cell differentiation into memory B-cells or plasma cells. GC B cells rely heavily on glucose, fatty acids, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for their energy requirements. However, the complicated association between GC B cells and their metabolism is still not clearly understood. Here, we review several studies of B-cell metabolism, highlighting the significant transformations that occur in GC progression, and suggest possible approaches that may be investigated to more precisely target aberrant B-cell metabolism in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton K. Shiraz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.K.S.); (C.M.R.); Tel.: +1-540-231-9365 (C.M.R.)
| | - Eric J. Panther
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Christopher M. Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Correspondence: (A.K.S.); (C.M.R.); Tel.: +1-540-231-9365 (C.M.R.)
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41
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Heinrichs M, Ashour D, Siegel J, Büchner L, Wedekind G, Heinze KG, Arampatzi P, Saliba AE, Cochain C, Hofmann U, Frantz S, Campos Ramos G. The healing myocardium mobilizes a distinct B-cell subset through a CXCL13-CXCR5-dependent mechanism. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2664-2676. [PMID: 34048536 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies have revealed that B cells and antibodies can influence inflammation and remodelling following a myocardial infarction (MI) and culminating in heart failure-but the mechanisms underlying these observations remain elusive. We therefore conducted in mice a deep phenotyping of the post-MI B-cell responses in infarcted hearts and mediastinal lymph nodes, which drain the myocardium. Thereby, we sought to dissect the mechanisms controlling B-cell mobilization and activity in situ. METHODS AND RESULTS Histological, flow cytometry, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses revealed a rapid accumulation of diverse B-cell subsets in infarcted murine hearts, paralleled by mild clonal expansion of germinal centre B cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes. The repertoire of cardiac B cells was largely polyclonal and showed no sign of antigen-driven clonal expansion. Instead, it included a distinct subset exclusively found in the heart, herein termed 'heart-associated B cells' (hB) that expressed high levels of Cd69 as an activation marker, C-C-chemokine receptor type 7 (Ccr7), CXC-chemokine receptor type 5 (Cxcr5), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfb1). This distinct signature was not shared with any other cell population in the healing myocardium. Moreover, we detected a myocardial gradient of CXC-motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13, the ligand of CXCR5) on Days 1 and 5 post-MI. When compared with wild-type controls, mice treated with a neutralizing CXCL13-specific antibody as well as CXCR5-deficient mice showed reduced post-MI infiltration of B cells and reduced local Tgfb1 expression but no differences in contractile function nor myocardial morphology were observed between groups. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that polyclonal B cells showing no sign of antigen-specificity readily infiltrate the heart after MI via the CXCL13-CXCR5 axis and contribute to local TGF-ß1 production. The local B-cell responses are paralleled by mild antigen-driven germinal centre reactions in the mediastinal lymph nodes that might ultimately lead to the production of specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Heinrichs
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - DiyaaElDin Ashour
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Siegel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lotte Büchner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Wedekind
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Centre for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Panagiota Arampatzi
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clement Cochain
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Campos Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
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42
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Zacharchenko T, Kalverda AP, Wright SC. Structural basis of Apt48 inhibition of the BCL6 BTB domain. Structure 2021; 30:396-407.e3. [PMID: 34774129 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a transcriptional repressor that is deregulated in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and the peptide aptamer, Apt48, inhibits BCL6 by an unknown mechanism. We report the crystal structure of BCL6 in complex with an Apt48 peptide, and show that Apt48 binds to a therapeutically uncharacterized region at the bottom of the BCL6 BTB domain. We show that the corepressor binding site of the BTB domain may be divided conceptually into two low-affinity, peptide-binding regions. An upper region, the lateral groove, binds peptides in robust three-dimensional conformations, whereas a lower binding site is permissive to less-specific interactions. We show that, even with little sequence specificity, the interactions of the lower region are required for the high-affinity binding of the SMRT corepressor and other peptides to the BTB domain. This has relevance for the design of new BCL6 inhibitors and for understanding the evolution of corepressor interactions with the BTB domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zacharchenko
- School of Biology and the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Arnout P Kalverda
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephanie C Wright
- School of Biology and the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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43
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Frequent mutations of FBXO11 highlight BCL6 as a therapeutic target in Burkitt lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5239-5257. [PMID: 34625792 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of BCL6 in B cell lymphoma can be deregulated by chromosomal translocations, somatic mutations in the promoter regulatory regions or reduced proteasome-mediated degradation. FBXO11 was recently identified as a ubiquitin ligase involved in the degradation of BCL6 and is frequently inactivated in lymphoma or other tumors. Here, we show that FBXO11 mutations are found in 23% of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) patients. FBXO11 mutations impaired BCL6 degradation and the deletion of FBXO11 protein completely stabilized BCL6 levels in human BL cell lines. Conditional deletion of either one or two copies of the FBXO11 gene in mice cooperated with oncogenic MYC and accelerated B cell lymphoma onset, providing experimental evidence that FBXO11 is a haplo-insufficient oncosuppressor in B cell lymphoma. In WT and FBXO11-deficient BL mouse and human cell lines, targeting BCL6 via specific degrader or inhibitors partially impaired lymphoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of MYC by the Omomyc mini-protein blocked cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, effects further increased by combined BCL6 targeting. Thus, by validating the functional role of FBXO11 mutations in BL we further highlight the key role of BCL6 in BL biology and provide evidence that innovative therapeutic approaches such as BCL6 degraders and direct MYC inhibition could be exploited as a targeted therapy for BL.
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44
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Sansone AM, Hisrich BV, Young RB, Abel WF, Bowens Z, Blair BB, Funkhouser AT, Schammel DP, Green LJ, Lessey BA, Blenda AV. Evaluation of BCL6 and SIRT1 as Non-Invasive Diagnostic Markers of Endometriosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1350-1360. [PMID: 34698105 PMCID: PMC8929102 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterus and is often associated with severe pelvic pain and infertility. Our study explored the utilization of B-Cell Lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as potential biomarkers in serum, plasma, urine, and cervical mucus for a non-invasive diagnostic test for endometriosis. BCL6 was chosen based on its previously reported elevated expression in endometrial biopsies, and SIRT1 is co-expressed and upregulated in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. (2) Methods: BCL6 and SIRT1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) in samples from 20 women with endometriosis (ten with stages I/II and ten with stages III/IV) and ten women without endometriosis. (3) Results: Levels of SIRT1 in sera showed a statistically significant elevation in advanced stages III/IV compared to controls and stages I/II. No significant differences were found in other bodily fluids for SIRT1 or any bodily fluids tested for BCL6. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest some potential of SIRT1 expression within serum as a predictor of advanced asymptomatic stages of endometriosis. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and H-SCORE values for the elevated BCL6 (and potentially SIRT1) levels in endometrial biopsy samples seems to have higher diagnostic potential based on the previously published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Sansone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Brooke V. Hisrich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - R. Brandt Young
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - William F. Abel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Zachary Bowens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prisma Health Upstate, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (Z.B.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Bailey B. Blair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Avery T. Funkhouser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - David P. Schammel
- Pathology Associates of Greenville, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA;
| | - Lisa J. Green
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prisma Health Upstate, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (Z.B.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Bruce A. Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University Baptist Hospital, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Anna V. Blenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
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45
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Metabolic Swifts Govern Normal and Malignant B Cell Lymphopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158269. [PMID: 34361035 PMCID: PMC8347747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are an indispensable part of the human immune system. They are the effective mediators of adaptive immunity and memory. To accomplish specificity against an antigen, and to establish the related immunologic memory, B cells differentiate through a complicated and strenuous training program that is characterized by multiple drastic genomic modifications. In order to avoid malignant transformation, these events are tightly regulated by multiple checkpoints, the vast majority of them involving bioenergetic alterations. Despite this stringent control program, B cell malignancies are amongst the top ten most common worldwide. In an effort to better understand malignant pathobiology, in this review, we summarize the metabolic swifts that govern normal B cell lymphopoiesis. We also review the existent knowledge regarding malignant metabolism as a means to unravel new research goals and/or therapeutic targets.
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46
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Wishnie AJ, Chwat-Edelstein T, Attaway M, Vuong BQ. BCR Affinity Influences T-B Interactions and B Cell Development in Secondary Lymphoid Organs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703918. [PMID: 34381455 PMCID: PMC8350505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells produce high-affinity immunoglobulins (Igs), or antibodies, to eliminate foreign pathogens. Mature, naïve B cells expressing an antigen-specific cell surface Ig, or B cell receptor (BCR), are directed toward either an extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) response upon antigen binding. B cell interactions with CD4+ pre-T follicular helper (pre-Tfh) cells at the T-B border and effector Tfh cells in the B cell follicle and GC control B cell development in response to antigen. Here, we review recent studies demonstrating the role of B cell receptor (BCR) affinity in modulating T-B interactions and the subsequent differentiation of B cells in the EF and GC response. Overall, these studies demonstrate that B cells expressing high affinity BCRs preferentially differentiate into antibody secreting cells (ASCs) while those expressing low affinity BCRs undergo further affinity maturation or differentiate into memory B cells (MBCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec J Wishnie
- Biology PhD Program, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tzippora Chwat-Edelstein
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Macaulay Honors College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Attaway
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bao Q Vuong
- Biology PhD Program, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
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47
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van Schoonhoven A, Huylebroeck D, Hendriks RW, Stadhouders R. 3D genome organization during lymphocyte development and activation. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 19:71-82. [PMID: 31819944 PMCID: PMC7115705 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes have a complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture comprising A/B compartments, topologically associating domains and promoter-enhancer interactions. At all these levels, the 3D genome has functional consequences for gene transcription and therefore for cellular identity. The development and activation of lymphocytes involves strict control of gene expression by transcription factors (TFs) operating in a three-dimensionally organized chromatin landscape. As lymphocytes are indispensable for tissue homeostasis and pathogen defense, and aberrant lymphocyte activity is involved in a wide range of human morbidities, acquiring an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control lymphocyte identity is highly relevant. Here we review current knowledge of the interplay between 3D genome organization and transcriptional control during B and T lymphocyte development and antigen-dependent activation, placing special emphasis on the role of TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne van Schoonhoven
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology,Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology,Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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48
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Mossadegh-Keller N, Brisou G, Beyou A, Nadel B, Roulland S. Human B Lymphomas Reveal Their Secrets Through Genetic Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683597. [PMID: 34335584 PMCID: PMC8323519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are cancers deriving from lymphocytes, arising preferentially in secondary lymphoid organs, and represent the 6th cancer worldwide and the most frequent blood cancer. The majority of B cell Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) develop from germinal center (GC) experienced mature B cells. GCs are transient structures that form in lymphoid organs in response to antigen exposure of naive B cells, and where B cell receptor (BCR) affinity maturation occurs to promote B cell differentiation into memory B and plasma cells producing high-affinity antibodies. Genomic instability associated with the somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR) processes during GC transit enhance susceptibility to malignant transformation. Most B cell differentiation steps in the GC are at the origin of frequent B cell malignant entities, namely Follicular Lymphoma (FL) and GCB diffuse large B cell lymphomas (GCB-DLBCL). Over the past decade, large sequencing efforts have provided a great boost in the identification of candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressors involved in FL and DLBCL oncogenesis. Mouse models have been instrumental to accurately mimic in vivo lymphoma-specific mutations and interrogate their normal function in the GC context and their oncogenic function leading to lymphoma onset. The limited access of biopsies during the initiating steps of the disease, the cellular and (epi)genetic heterogeneity of individual tumors across and within patients linked to perturbed dynamics of GC ecosystems make the development of genetically engineered mouse models crucial to decipher lymphomagenesis and disease progression and eventually to test the effects of novel targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of some of the important genetically engineered mouse models that have been developed to recapitulate lymphoma-associated (epi)genetic alterations of two frequent GC-derived lymphoma entities: FL and GCB-DLCBL and describe how those mouse models have improved our knowledge of the molecular processes supporting GC B cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Brisou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Alicia Beyou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Nadel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
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49
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Scholes NS, Mayor-Ruiz C, Winter GE. Identification and selectivity profiling of small-molecule degraders via multi-omics approaches. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1048-1060. [PMID: 33811812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic modality of targeted protein degradation promises to overcome limitations of traditional pharmacology. Small-molecule degraders recruit disease-causing proteins to E3 ubiquitin ligases, prompting their ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. The discovery, mechanistic elucidation, and selectivity profiling of novel degraders are often conducted in cellular systems. This highlights the need for unbiased multi-omics strategies that inform on the functionally involved components. Here, we review how proteomics and functional genomics can be integrated to identify and mechanistically understand degraders, their target selectivity as well as putative resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S Scholes
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Mayor-Ruiz
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; IRB Barcelona - Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georg E Winter
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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50
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Santos FDS, Maubrigades LR, Gonçalves VS, Alves Ferreira MR, Brasil CL, Cunha RC, Conceição FR, Leite FPL. Immunomodulatory effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 T and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in sheep vaccinated with Clostridium chauvoei. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 237:110272. [PMID: 34029878 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Clostridium chauvoei is the causative agent of blackleg in livestock, and vaccination is the most effective means of prevention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis and Saccharomyces boulardii on the immune response to a C. chauvoei vaccine in sheep. Sheep were vaccinated subcutaneously on day 0 and received a booster dose on day 21, with 2 mL of a commercial vaccine formulated with inactivated C. chauvoei bacterin adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. Probiotics were orally administered B. toyonensis (3 × 108 cfu) and S. boulardii (3 × 108 cfu) over five days prior to the first and second doses of the vaccine. Sheep supplemented with B. toyonensis and S. boulardii showed significantly higher specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 titers (P<0.05), with approximately 24- and 14-fold increases in total IgG levels, respectively, than the nonsupplemented group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the supplemented group had increased mRNA transcription levels of the IFN-γ, IL2, and Bcl6 genes. These results demonstrate an adjuvant effect of short-term supplementation with B. toyonensis and S. boulardii on the immune response against the C. chauvoei vaccine in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Denis Souza Santos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Reichert Maubrigades
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Alves Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Litchina Brasil
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil.
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