1
|
Zhu X, Wang H, Li Y, Rao D, Wang F, Gao Y, Zhong W, Zhao Y, Wu S, Chen X, Qiu H, Zhang W, Xia Z. A Novel 10-Base Pair Deletion in the First Exon of GmHY2a Promotes Hypocotyl Elongation, Induces Early Maturation, and Impairs Photosynthetic Performance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6483. [PMID: 38928189 PMCID: PMC11203641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants photoreceptors perceive changes in light quality and intensity and thereby regulate plant vegetative growth and reproductive development. By screening a γ irradiation-induced mutant library of the soybean (Glycine max) cultivar "Dongsheng 7", we identified Gmeny, a mutant with elongated nodes, yellowed leaves, decreased chlorophyll contents, altered photosynthetic performance, and early maturation. An analysis of bulked DNA and RNA data sampled from a population segregating for Gmeny, using the BVF-IGV pipeline established in our laboratory, identified a 10 bp deletion in the first exon of the candidate gene Glyma.02G304700. The causative mutation was verified by a variation analysis of over 500 genes in the candidate gene region and an association analysis, performed using two populations segregating for Gmeny. Glyma.02G304700 (GmHY2a) is a homolog of AtHY2a in Arabidopsis thaliana, which encodes a PΦB synthase involved in the biosynthesis of phytochrome. A transcriptome analysis of Gmeny using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed changes in multiple functional pathways, including photosynthesis, gibberellic acid (GA) signaling, and flowering time, which may explain the observed mutant phenotypes. Further studies on the function of GmHY2a and its homologs will help us to understand its profound regulatory effects on photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, and flowering time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuzhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Demin Rao
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 132102, China; (D.R.); (H.Q.); (W.Z.)
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weiyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shihao Wu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 132102, China; (D.R.); (H.Q.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 132102, China; (D.R.); (H.Q.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhengjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chien YC, Yoon GM. Subcellular dynamics of ethylene signaling drive plant plasticity to growth and stress: Spatiotemporal control of ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2400043. [PMID: 38571390 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Volatile compounds, such as nitric oxide and ethylene gas, play a vital role as signaling molecules in organisms. Ethylene is a plant hormone that regulates a wide range of plant growth, development, and responses to stress and is perceived by a family of ethylene receptors that localize in the endoplasmic reticulum. Constitutive Triple Response 1 (CTR1), a Raf-like protein kinase and a key negative regulator for ethylene responses, tethers to the ethylene receptors, but undergoes nuclear translocation upon activation of ethylene signaling. This ER-to-nucleus trafficking transforms CTR1 into a positive regulator for ethylene responses, significantly enhancing stress resilience to drought and salinity. The nuclear trafficking of CTR1 demonstrates that the spatiotemporal control of ethylene signaling is essential for stress adaptation. Understanding the mechanisms governing the spatiotemporal control of ethylene signaling elements is crucial for unraveling the system-level regulatory mechanisms that collectively fine-tune ethylene responses to optimize plant growth, development, and stress adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chi Chien
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Gyeong Mee Yoon
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng H, Zheng T, Peng X, Tang Q, Xu H, Chen M. Transcriptomic and Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Detached Lycium ruthenicum Leaves Reveals Mechanisms of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Induction through Light Quality and Sucrose Treatments. Metabolites 2023; 13:1004. [PMID: 37755284 PMCID: PMC10535117 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Light quality and sucrose-induced osmotic stress are known to cause anthocyanin synthesis in detached Lycium ruthenicum leaves. To identify the mechanisms by which the kind of light quality and sucrose concentration are induced, here, we conducted transcriptome sequencing in detached L. ruthenicum leaves treated with different qualities of light and sucrose concentrations. Leaves treated with blue light or sucrose showed a significantly increased total anthocyanins content compared to those treated with white light. Delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside production were differentially regulated by the BL(-S), BL(+S), and WL(+S) treatments. The structural genes CHS, CHI, F3'H, F3'5'H, ANS, and UFGT were significantly up-regulated in leaves treated with blue light or sucrose. Leaves treated with blue light additionally showed up-regulation of the light photoreceptors CRY1, PIF3, COP1, and HY5. The anthocyanin-related genes NCED1, PYR/PYL, PP2C, SnRK2, and ABI5 were significantly up-regulated in leaves treated with sucrose, promoting adaptability to sucrose osmotic stress. Co-expression and cis-regulatory analyses suggested that HY5 and ABI5 could regulate LrMYB44 and LrMYB48 through binding to the G-box element and ABRE element, respectively, inducing anthocyanin synthesis in response to blue light or sucrose treatment. Candidate genes responsive to blue light or sucrose osmotic stress in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were validated through quantitative reverse transcription PCR. These findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms by which blue light and sucrose-induced osmotic stress regulate anthocyanin synthesis, providing valuable target genes for the future improvement in anthocyanin production in L. ruthenicum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (X.P.); (Q.T.); (H.X.); (M.C.)
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (X.P.); (Q.T.); (H.X.); (M.C.)
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (X.P.); (Q.T.); (H.X.); (M.C.)
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Qi Tang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (X.P.); (Q.T.); (H.X.); (M.C.)
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (X.P.); (Q.T.); (H.X.); (M.C.)
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (X.P.); (Q.T.); (H.X.); (M.C.)
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong 723001, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Darko E, Hamow KA, Marček T, Dernovics M, Ahres M, Galiba G. Modulated Light Dependence of Growth, Flowering, and the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Chilli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:801656. [PMID: 35392509 PMCID: PMC8981241 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chili is widely used as a food additive and a flavouring and colouring agent and also has great importance in health preservation and therapy due to the abundant presence of many bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and capsaicinoids. Most of these secondary metabolites are strong antioxidants. In the present study, the effect of light intensity and spectral composition was studied on the growth, flowering, and yield of chilli together with the accumulation of secondary metabolites in the fruit. Two light intensities (300 and 500 μmol m-2 s-1) were applied in different spectral compositions. A broad white LED spectrum with and without FR application and with blue LED supplement was compared to blue and red LED lightings in different (80/20 and 95/5%) blue/red ratios. High light intensity increased the harvest index (fruit yield vs. biomass production) and reduced the flowering time of the plants. The amount of secondary metabolites in the fruit varied both by light intensity and spectral compositions; phenolic content and the radical scavenging activity were stimulated, whereas capsaicin accumulation was suppressed by blue light. The red colour of the fruit (provided by carotenoids) was inversely correlated with the absolute amount of blue, green, and far-red light. Based on the results, a schematic model was created, representing light-dependent metabolic changes in chilli. The results indicated that the accumulation of secondary metabolites could be modified by the adjustment of light intensity and spectral composition; however, different types of metabolites required different light environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darko
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Kamirán A. Hamow
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tihana Marček
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mihály Dernovics
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Ahres
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galiba
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Georgicon Faculty, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kelly G, Brandsma D, Egbaria A, Stein O, Doron-Faigenboim A, Lugassi N, Belausov E, Zemach H, Shaya F, Carmi N, Sade N, Granot D. Guard cells control hypocotyl elongation through HXK1, HY5, and PIF4. Commun Biol 2021; 4:765. [PMID: 34155329 PMCID: PMC8217561 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypocotyls of germinating seedlings elongate in a search for light to enable autotrophic sugar production. Upon exposure to light, photoreceptors that are activated by blue and red light halt elongation by preventing the degradation of the hypocotyl-elongation inhibitor HY5 and by inhibiting the activity of the elongation-promoting transcription factors PIFs. The question of how sugar affects hypocotyl elongation and which cell types stimulate and stop that elongation remains unresolved. We found that overexpression of a sugar sensor, Arabidopsis hexokinase 1 (HXK1), in guard cells promotes hypocotyl elongation under white and blue light through PIF4. Furthermore, expression of PIF4 in guard cells is sufficient to promote hypocotyl elongation in the light, while expression of HY5 in guard cells is sufficient to inhibit the elongation of the hy5 mutant and the elongation stimulated by HXK1. HY5 exits the guard cells and inhibits hypocotyl elongation, but is degraded in the dark. We also show that the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by guard cells' HY5 involves auto-activation of HY5 expression in other tissues. It appears that guard cells are capable of coordinating hypocotyl elongation and that sugar and HXK1 have the opposite effect of light on hypocotyl elongation, converging at PIF4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Danja Brandsma
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Stein
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nitsan Lugassi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Hanita Zemach
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Felix Shaya
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu DB, Gao SQ, Ma YN, Wang XT, Feng L, Li LC, Xu ZS, Chen YF, Chen M, Ma YZ. The G-Protein β Subunit AGB1 Promotes Hypocotyl Elongation through Inhibiting Transcription Activation Function of BBX21 in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1206-1223. [PMID: 28827171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypocotyl development in Arabidopsis thaliana is regulated by light and endogenous hormonal cues, making it an ideal model to study the interplay between light and endogenous growth regulators. BBX21, a B-box (BBX)-like zinc-finger transcription factor, integrates light and abscisic acid signals to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. Heterotrimeric G-proteins are pivotal regulators of plant development. The short hypocotyl phenotype of the G-protein β-subunit (AGB1) mutant (agb1-2) has been previously identified, but the precise role of AGB1 in hypocotyl elongation remains enigmatic. Here, we show that AGB1 directly interacts with BBX21, and the short hypocotyl phenotype of agb1-2 is partially suppressed in agb1-2bbx21-1 double mutant. BBX21 functions in the downstream of AGB1 and overexpression of BBX21 in agb1-2 causes a more pronounced reduction in hypocotyl length, indicating that AGB1 plays an oppositional role in relation to BBX21 during hypocotyl development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the C-terminal region of BBX21 is important for both its intracellular localization and its transcriptional activation activity that is inhibited by interaction with AGB1. ChIP assays showed that BBX21 specifically associates with its own promoter and with those of BBX22, HY5, and GA2ox1. which is not altered in agb1-2. These data suggest that the AGB1-BBX21 interaction only affects the transcriptional activation activity of BBX21 but has no effect on its DNA binding ability. Taken together, our data demonstrate that AGB1 positively promotes hypocotyl elongation through repressing BBX21 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bei Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, PR China
| | - Shi-Qing Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lu Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lian-Cheng Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao-Feng Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sivakumar D, Jifon J, Soundy P. Spectral quality of photo-selective shade nettings improves antioxidants and overall quality in selected fresh produce after postharvest storage. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1298124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johan Jifon
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University System, Weslaco, Texas, USA
| | - Puffy Soundy
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kavakli IH, Baris I, Tardu M, Gül Ş, Öner H, Çal S, Bulut S, Yarparvar D, Berkel Ç, Ustaoğlu P, Aydın C. The Photolyase/Cryptochrome Family of Proteins as DNA Repair Enzymes and Transcriptional Repressors. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:93-103. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Baris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tardu
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Şeref Gül
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Haşimcan Öner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sibel Çal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Selma Bulut
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Darya Yarparvar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Çağlar Berkel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Pınar Ustaoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Cihan Aydın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Istanbul Medeniyet University; Uskudar Istanbul
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song MF, Zhang S, Hou P, Shang HZ, Gu HK, Li JJ, Xiao Y, Guo L, Su L, Gao JW, Yang JP. Ectopic expression of a phytochrome B gene from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) in Arabidopsis thaliana promotes seedling de-etiolation, dwarfing in mature plants, and delayed flowering. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 87:633-43. [PMID: 25724426 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome B (phyB) is an essential red light receptor that predominantly mediates seedling de-etiolation, shade-avoidance response, and flowering time. In this study, we isolate a full-length cDNA of PHYB, designated BrPHYB, from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), and we find that BrphyB protein has high amino acid sequence similarity and the closest evolutionary relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana phyB (i.e., AtphyB). Quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR results indicate that the BrPHYB gene is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues under all light conditions. Constitutive expression of the BrPHYB gene in A. thaliana significantly enhances seedling de-etiolation under red- and white-light conditions, and causes dwarf stature in mature plants. Unexpectedly, overexpression of BrPHYB in transgenic A. thaliana resulted in reduced expression of gibberellins biosynthesis genes and delayed flowering under short-day conditions, whereas AtPHYB overexpression caused enhanced expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T and earlier flowering. Our results suggest that BrphyB might play an important role in regulating the development of Chinese cabbage. BrphyB and AtphyB have conserved functions during de-etiolation and vegetative plant growth and divergent functions in the regulation of flowering time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Song
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smet D, Žádníková P, Vandenbussche F, Benková E, Van Der Straeten D. Dynamic infrared imaging analysis of apical hook development in Arabidopsis: the case of brassinosteroids. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:1398-1411. [PMID: 24611517 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Germination of Arabidopsis seeds in darkness induces apical hook development, based on a tightly regulated differential growth coordinated by a multiple hormone cross-talk. Here, we endeavoured to clarify the function of brassinosteroids (BRs) and cross-talk with ethylene in hook development. An automated infrared imaging system was developed to study the kinetics of hook development in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. To ascertain the photomorphogenic control of hook opening, the system was equipped with an automatic light dimmer. We demonstrate that ethylene and BRs are indispensable for hook formation and maintenance. Ethylene regulation of hook formation functions partly through BRs, with BR feedback inhibition of ethylene action. Conversely, BR-mediated extension of hook maintenance functions partly through ethylene. Furthermore, we revealed that a short light pulse is sufficient to induce rapid hook opening. Our dynamic infrared imaging system allows high-resolution, kinetic imaging of up to 112 seedlings in a single experimental run. At this high throughput, it is ideally suited to rapidly gain insight in pathway networks. We demonstrate that BRs and ethylene cooperatively regulate apical hook development in a phase-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that light is a predominant regulator of hook opening, inhibiting ethylene- and BR-mediated postponement of hook opening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dajo Smet
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Physiology, Ghent University, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Petra Žádníková
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Physiology, Ghent University, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Genomics and Proteomics of Plant Systems, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xie X, Kagawa T, Takano M. The phytochrome B/phytochrome C heterodimer is necessary for phytochrome C-mediated responses in rice seedlings. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97264. [PMID: 24853557 PMCID: PMC4031084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PhyC levels have been observed to be markedly lower in phyB mutants than in Arabidopsis or rice wild type etiolated seedlings, but the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been fully elucidated. Results In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which phyB affects the protein concentration and photo-sensing abilities of phyC and demonstrated that rice phyC exists predominantly as phyB/phyC heterodimers in etiolated seedlings. PHYC-GFP protein was detected when expressed in phyA phyC mutants, but not in phyA phyB mutants, suggesting that phyC requires phyB for its photo-sensing abilities. Interestingly, when a mutant PHYB gene that has no chromophore binding site, PHYB(C364A), was introduced into phyB mutants, the phyC level was restored. Moreover, when PHYB(C364A) was introduced into phyA phyB mutants, the seedlings exhibited de-etiolation under both far-red light (FR) and red light (R) conditions, while the phyA phyB mutants were blind to both FR and R. These results are the first direct evidence that phyC is responsible for regulating seedling de-etiolation under both FR and R. These findings also suggest that phyB is indispensable for the expression and function of phyC, which depends on the formation of phyB/phyC heterodimers. Significance The present report clearly demonstrates the similarities and differences in the properties of phyC between Arabidopsis and rice and will advance our understanding of phytochrome functions in monocots and dicots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Xie
- Photobiology and Photosynthesis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Takatoshi Kagawa
- Photobiology and Photosynthesis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Takano
- Photobiology and Photosynthesis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fox AR, Soto GC, Jones AM, Casal JJ, Muschietti JP, Mazzella MA. cry1 and GPA1 signaling genetically interact in hook opening and anthocyanin synthesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 80:315-24. [PMID: 22855128 PMCID: PMC4871592 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While studying blue light-independent effects of cryptochrome 1 (cry1) photoreceptor, we observed premature opening of the hook in cry1 mutants grown in complete darkness, a phenotype that resembles the one described for the heterotrimeric G-protein α subunit (GPA1) null mutant gpa1. Both cry1 and gpa1 also showed reduced accumulation of anthocyanin under blue light. These convergent gpa1 and cry1 phenotypes required the presence of sucrose in the growth media and were not additive in the cry1 gpa1 double mutant, suggesting context-dependent signaling convergence between cry1 and GPA1 signaling pathways. Both, gpa1 and cry1 mutants showed reduced GTP-binding activity. The cry1 mutant showed wild-type levels of GPA1 mRNA or GPA1 protein. However, an anti-transducin antibody (AS/7) typically used for plant Gα proteins, recognized a 54 kDa band in the wild type but not in gpa1 and cry1 mutants. We propose a model where cry1-mediated post-translational modification of GPA1 alters its GTP-binding activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Fox
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Hector Torres, (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela C. Soto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Hector Torres, (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Departments of Biology and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jorge J. Casal
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundacion Instituto Leloir, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge P. Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Hector Torres, (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A. Mazzella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Hector Torres, (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sakai T, Haga K. Molecular genetic analysis of phototropism in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:1517-34. [PMID: 22864452 PMCID: PMC3439871 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant life is strongly dependent on the environment, and plants regulate their growth and development in response to many different environmental stimuli. One of the regulatory mechanisms involved in these responses is phototropism, which allows plants to change their growth direction in response to the location of the light source. Since the study of phototropism by Darwin, many physiological studies of this phenomenon have been published. Recently, molecular genetic analyses of Arabidopsis have begun to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this response system, including phototropin blue light photoreceptors, phototropin signaling components, auxin transporters, auxin action mechanisms and others. This review highlights some of the recent progress that has been made in further elucidating the phototropic response, with particular emphasis on mutant phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chao D, Lin H. The tricks plants use to reach appropriate light. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 53:916-26. [PMID: 20821290 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-010-4047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The perception of ambient light signals that produce a relevant response to ensure exposure to appropriate levels of light energy is vital for plants. In response to this, intricate molecular mechanisms to mediate light signaling have evolved in plants. Among the responses induced by light, seedling extension is a determining event for plant survival in darkness, especially in the initial stage of plant growth. Here we review previous studies and recent progress towards an understanding of light signaling that regulates seedling elongation. We focus on the three regions of the sunlight spectrum that primarily control seedling elongation, namely red/far-red light, blue/UV-A light and UV-B light, and summarize the four signaling pathways that correspond to the three effective spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DaiYin Chao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu G, Cameron JN, Ljung K, Spalding EP. A role for ABCB19-mediated polar auxin transport in seedling photomorphogenesis mediated by cryptochrome 1 and phytochrome B. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 62:179-91. [PMID: 20088903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
During seedling establishment, blue and red light suppress hypocotyl growth through the cryptochrome 1 (cry1) and phytochrome B (phyB) photosensory pathways, respectively. How these photosensory pathways integrate with growth control mechanisms to achieve the appropriate degree of stem elongation was investigated by combining cry1 and phyB photoreceptor mutations with genetic manipulations of a multidrug resistance-like membrane protein known as ABCB19 that influenced auxin distribution within the plant, as evidenced by a combination of reporter gene assays and direct auxin measurements. Auxin signaling and ABCB19 protein levels, hypocotyl growth rates, and apical hook opening were measured in mutant and wild-type seedlings exposed to a range of red and blue light conditions. Ectopic/overexpression of ABCB19 (B19OE) greatly increased auxin in the hypocotyl, which reduced the sensitivity of hypocotyl growth specifically to blue light in long-term assays and red light in high-resolution, short-term assays. Loss of ABCB19 partially suppressed the cry1 hypocotyl growth phenotype in blue light. Hypocotyl growth of B19OE seedlings in red light was very similar to phyB mutants. Altered auxin distribution in B19OE seedlings also affected the opening of the apical hook. The cry1 and phyB photoreceptor mutations both increased ABCB19 protein levels at the plasma membrane, as measured by confocal microscopy. The B19OE plant proved to be a useful tool for determining aspects of the mechanism by which light, acting through cry1 or phyB, influences the auxin transport process to control hypocotyl growth during de-etiolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Wu
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pedmale UV, Celaya RB, Liscum E. Phototropism: mechanism and outcomes. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2010; 8:e0125. [PMID: 22303252 PMCID: PMC3244944 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a wide variety of responses that allow them to adapt to the variable environmental conditions in which they find themselves growing. One such response is the phototropic response - the bending of a plant organ toward (stems and leaves) or away from (roots) a directional blue light source. Phototropism is one of several photoresponses of plants that afford mechanisms to alter their growth and development to changes in light intensity, quality and direction. Over recent decades much has been learned about the genetic, molecular and cell biological components involved in sensing and responding to phototropic stimuli. Many of these advances have been made through the utilization of Arabidopsis as a model for phototropic studies. Here we discuss such advances, as well as studies in other plant species where appropriate to the discussion of work in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ullas V. Pedmale
- Division of Biological Sciences and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - R. Brandon Celaya
- Division of Biological Sciences and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California — Los Angeles, 3206 Life Science Bldg, 621 Charles E Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Emmanuel Liscum
- Division of Biological Sciences and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bordowitz JR, Montgomery BL. Photoregulation of cellular morphology during complementary chromatic adaptation requires sensor-kinase-class protein RcaE in Fremyella diplosiphon. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:4069-74. [PMID: 18390655 PMCID: PMC2395048 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00018-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We used wild-type UTEX481; SF33, a shortened-filament mutant strain that shows normal complementary chromatic adaptation pigmentation responses; and FdBk14, an RcaE-deficient strain that lacks light-dependent pigmentation responses, to investigate the molecular basis of the photoregulation of cellular morphology in the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. Detailed microscopic and biochemical analyses indicate that RcaE is required for the photoregulation of cell and filament morphologies of F. diplosiphon in response to red and green light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Bordowitz
- Department of Energy - Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 106 Plant Biology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gubler F, Hughes T, Waterhouse P, Jacobsen J. Regulation of dormancy in barley by blue light and after-ripening: effects on abscisic acid and gibberellin metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 147:886-96. [PMID: 18408047 PMCID: PMC2409010 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.115469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
White light strongly promotes dormancy in freshly harvested cereal grains, whereas dark and after-ripening have the opposite effect. We have analyzed the interaction of light and after-ripening on abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) metabolism genes and dormancy in barley (Hordeum vulgare 'Betzes'). Analysis of gene expression in imbibed barley grains shows that different ABA metabolism genes are targeted by white light and after-ripening. Of the genes examined, white light promotes the expression of an ABA biosynthetic gene, HvNCED1, in embryos. Consistent with this result, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays show that dormant grains imbibed under white light have higher embryo ABA content than grains imbibed in the dark. After-ripening has no effect on expression of ABA biosynthesis genes, but promotes expression of an ABA catabolism gene (HvABA8'OH1), a GA biosynthetic gene (HvGA3ox2), and a GA catabolic gene (HvGA2ox3) following imbibition. Blue light mimics the effects of white light on germination, ABA levels, and expression of GA and ABA metabolism genes. Red and far-red light have no effect on germination, ABA levels, or HvNCED1. RNA interference experiments in transgenic barley plants support a role of HvABA8'OH1 in dormancy release. Reduced HvABA8'OH1 expression in transgenic HvABA8'OH1 RNAi grains results in higher levels of ABA and increased dormancy compared to nontransgenic grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gubler
- Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Paul LK, Khurana JP. Phytochrome-mediated light signaling in plants: emerging trends. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 14:9-22. [PMID: 23572870 PMCID: PMC3550659 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-008-0002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes maximally absorb in the red and far-red region of the solar spectrum and play a key role in regulating plant growth and development. Our understanding of the phytochrome-mediated light perception and signal transduction has improved dramatically during the past decade. However, some recent findings challenge a few of the well-accepted earlier models regarding phytochrome structure and function. Identification of a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase 2A (FyPP) and a type 5 protein phosphatases (PAPP5), and the phytochrome-mediated phosphorylation of phytochrome interacting factor 3 (PIF3), auxin inducible genes (Aux/IAA) and cryptochromes have opened new vistas in phytochrome biology. Importantly, the significance of proteolysis and chromatin-remodeling pathways in phytochrome signaling is becoming more apparent. The emerging concept of phytochrome as a master regulator in orchestrating downstream signaling components has become more convincing with the advent of global expression profiling of genes. Upcoming data also provide fresh insights into the nuclear localization, speckle formation, nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning and organ-specificity aspects of phytochromes. This article highlights recent advances in phytochrome biology with emphasis on the elucidation of novel components of light signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laju K. Paul
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Jitendra P. Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021 India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen X, Lin WH, Wang Y, Luan S, Xue HW. An inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase functions in PHOTOTROPIN1 signaling in Arabidopis by altering cytosolic Ca2+. THE PLANT CELL 2008; 20:353-66. [PMID: 18252844 PMCID: PMC2276452 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.052670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5PTase) is a key enzyme in the phosphatidylinositol metabolic pathway, which plays critical roles in a number of cellular processes in plants. Our previous work implicated the role of 5PTase13, which encodes a WD40-containing type II 5PTase, in hormone-mediated cotyledon vein development. Here, we show that 5PTase13 is also involved in blue light responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with that in darkness, the expression of 5PTase13 was suppressed by blue light irradiation, and disruption of the gene resulted in shortened hypocotyls and expanded cotyledons. Genetic analysis showed that 5PTase13 acted independently from CRYPTOCHROME1 and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 but interacted functionally with PHOTOTROPIN1 (PHOT1). The expression level of 5PTase13 was significantly enhanced in phot1 single or phot1 phot2 double mutants under blue light, and suppression of 5PTase13 expression rescued the elongated hypocotyls in the phot1 or phot1 phot2 mutants. Further analysis showed that the blue light-induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ was inhibited in the phot1 mutant but enhanced in the 5pt13 mutant, suggesting that 5PTase13 antagonizes PHOT1-mediated effects on calcium signaling under blue light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science-University of California Berkeley Center of Molecular Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20032 Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang ZY, Chen Z, Gu H, Qu LJ. Constitutive expression of CIR1 (RVE2) affects several circadian-regulated processes and seed germination in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 51:512-25. [PMID: 17587236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are endogenous auto-regulatory mechanisms that allow organisms, from bacteria to humans, to advantageously time a wide range of activities within 24 h environmental cycles. Here we report the identification and characterization of an MYB-related gene, designated Circadian 1 (CIR1), that is involved in circadian regulation in Arabidopsis. Expression of CIR1 is transiently induced by light and oscillates with a circadian rhythm. The rhythmic expression of CIR1 is controlled by the central oscillator. Constitutive expression of CIR1 resulted in a shorter period length for the rhythms of four central oscillator components, and much lower amplitude for the rhythms of central oscillator components CCA1 and LHY. Furthermore, CIR1 over-expression severely affected the circadian rhythms of its own RNA and those of the slave oscillator EPR1 and effector genes Lhcb and CAT3. Plants that constitutively expressed CIR1 displayed delayed flowering, longer hypocotyls and reduced seed germination in the dark. These results suggest that CIR1 is possibly part of a regulatory feedback loop that controls a subset of the circadian outputs and modulates the central oscillator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Zhang
- National Laboratory for Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Su YS, Lagarias JC. Light-independent phytochrome signaling mediated by dominant GAF domain tyrosine mutants of Arabidopsis phytochromes in transgenic plants. THE PLANT CELL 2007; 19:2124-39. [PMID: 17660358 PMCID: PMC1955707 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.051516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The photoreversibility of plant phytochromes enables continuous surveillance of the ambient light environment. Through expression of profluorescent, photoinsensitive Tyr-to-His mutant alleles of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome B (PHYB(Y276H)) and Arabidopsis phytochrome A (PHYA(Y242H)) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, we demonstrate that photoconversion is not a prerequisite for phytochrome signaling. PHYB(Y276H)-expressing plants exhibit chromophore-dependent constitutive photomorphogenesis, light-independent phyB(Y276H) nuclear localization, constitutive activation of genes normally repressed in darkness, and light-insensitive seed germination. Fluence rate analyses of transgenic plants expressing PHYB(Y276H), PHYA(Y242H), and other Y(GAF) mutant alleles of PHYB demonstrate that a range of altered light-signaling activities are associated with mutation of this residue. We conclude that the universally conserved GAF domain Tyr residue, with which the bilin chromophore is intimately associated, performs a critical role in coupling light perception to signal transduction by plant phytochromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-shin Su
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pedmale UV, Liscum E. Regulation of Phototropic Signaling in Arabidopsis via Phosphorylation State Changes in the Phototropin 1-interacting Protein NPH3. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:19992-20001. [PMID: 17493935 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702551200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototropism, or the directional growth (curvature) of various organs toward or away from incident light, represents a ubiquitous adaptive response within the plant kingdom. This response is initiated through the sensing of directional blue light (BL) by a small family of photoreceptors known as the phototropins. Of the two phototropins present in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, phot1 (phototropin 1) is the dominant receptor controlling phototropism. Absorption of BL by the sensory portion of phot1 leads, as in other plant phototropins, to activation of a C-terminal serine/threonine protein kinase domain, which is tightly coupled with phototropic responsiveness. Of the five phot1-interacting proteins identified to date, only one, NPH3 (non-phototropic hypocotyl 3), is essential for all phot1-dependent phototropic responses, yet little is known about how phot1 signals through NPH3. Here, we show that, in dark-grown seedlings, NPH3 exists as a phosphorylated protein and that BL stimulates its dephosphorylation. phot1 is necessary for this response and appears to regulate the activity of a type 1 protein phosphatase that catalyzes the reaction. The abrogation of both BL-dependent dephosphorylation of NPH3 and development of phototropic curvatures by protein phosphatase inhibitors further suggests that this post-translational modification represents a crucial event in phot1-dependent phototropism. Given that NPH3 may represent a core component of a CUL3-based ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3), we hypothesize that the phosphorylation state of NPH3 determines the functional status of such an E3 and that differential regulation of this E3 is required for normal phototropic responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ullas V Pedmale
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Moran N. Osmoregulation of leaf motor cells. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:2337-47. [PMID: 17434488 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
"Osmotic Motors"--the best-documented explanation for plant leaf movements--frequently reside in specialized motor leaf organs, pulvini. The movements result from dissimilar volume and turgor changes in two oppositely positioned parts of the pulvinus. This Osmotic Motor is powered by a plasma membrane proton ATPase, which drives KCl fluxes and, consequently, water, across the pulvinus into swelling cells and out of shrinking cells. Light signals and signals from the endogenous biological clock converge on the channels through which these fluxes occur. These channels and their regulatory pathways in the pulvinus are the topic of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nava Moran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barneche F, Winter V, Crèvecœur M, Rochaix JD. ATAB2 is a novel factor in the signalling pathway of light-controlled synthesis of photosystem proteins. EMBO J 2006; 25:5907-18. [PMID: 17139246 PMCID: PMC1698907 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastid translational control depends to a large extent on the light conditions, and is presumably mediated by nucleus-encoded proteins acting on organelle gene expression. However, the molecular mechanisms of light signalling involved in translation are still poorly understood. We investigated the role of the Arabidopsis ortholog of Tab2, a nuclear gene specifically required for translation of the PsaB photosystem I subunit in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas. Inactivation of ATAB2 strongly affects Arabidopsis development and thylakoid membrane biogenesis and leads to an albino phenotype. Moreover the rate of synthesis of the photosystem reaction center subunits is decreased and the association of their mRNAs with polysomes is affected. ATAB2 is a chloroplast A/U-rich RNA-binding protein that presumably functions as an activator of translation with at least two targets, one for each photosystem. During early seedling development, ATAB2 blue-light induction is lowered in photoreceptor mutants, notably in those lacking cryptochromes. Considering its role in protein synthesis and its photoreceptor-mediated expression, ATAB2 represents a novel factor in the signalling pathway of light-controlled translation of photosystem proteins during early plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédy Barneche
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Winter
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michèle Crèvecœur
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 22 379 6187; Fax: +41 22 379 6868; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Canamero RC, Bakrim N, Bouly JP, Garay A, Dudkin EE, Habricot Y, Ahmad M. Cryptochrome photoreceptors cry1 and cry2 antagonistically regulate primary root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2006; 224:995-1003. [PMID: 16703358 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors controlling multiple aspects of plant growth and development. They are flavoproteins with significant homology to photolyases, but instead of repairing DNA they function by transducing blue light energy into a signal that can be recognized by the cellular signaling machinery. Here we report the effect of cry1 and cry2 blue light receptors on primary root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, through analysis of both cryptochrome-mutant and cryptochrome-overexpressing lines. Cry1 mutant seedlings show reduced root elongation in blue light while overexpressing seedlings show significantly increased elongation as compared to wild type controls. By contrast, the cry2 mutation has the opposite effect on root elongation growth as does cry1, demonstrating that cry1 and cry2 act antagonistically in this response pathway. The site of cryptochrome signal perception is within the shoot, and the inhibitor of auxin transport, 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid, abolishes the differential effect of cryptochromes on root growth, suggesting the blue-light signal is transmitted from the shoot to the root by a mechanism that involves auxin. Primary root elongation in blue light may thereby involve interaction between cryptochrome and auxin signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto C Canamero
- Université de Paris VI, PCMP, Casier 156, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|