1
|
Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song J, Cheng X, Zhou C, Huang S, Zhao W, Zong Z, Yang L. Targeting the "tumor microenvironment": RNA-binding proteins in the spotlight in colorectal cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111876. [PMID: 38493688 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and has the second highest mortality rate among cancers. The development of CRC involves both genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, and recent research has focused on exploring the ex-transcriptome, particularly post-transcriptional modifications. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging epigenetic regulators that play crucial roles in post-transcriptional events. Dysregulation of RBPs can result in aberrant expression of downstream target genes, thereby affecting the progression of colorectal tumors and the prognosis of patients. Recent studies have shown that RBPs can influence CRC pathogenesis and progression by regulating various components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although previous research on RBPs has primarily focused on their direct regulation of colorectal tumor development, their involvement in the remodeling of the TME has not been systematically reported. This review aims to highlight the significant role of RBPs in the intricate interactions within the CRC tumor microenvironment, including tumor immune microenvironment, inflammatory microenvironment, extracellular matrix, tumor vasculature, and CRC cancer stem cells. We also highlight several compounds under investigation for RBP-TME-based treatment of CRC, including small molecule inhibitors such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs, agonists, gene manipulation, and tumor vaccines. The insights gained from this review may lead to the development of RBP-based targeted novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the TME, potentially inhibiting the progression and metastasis of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, China
| | - Chulin Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- The 3rd Clinical Department of China Medical University, 10159 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China.
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kiss T, Mir Y, Stefancsik G, Ganbat G, Askarova A, Monostori E, Dulka K, Szebeni GJ, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Csiszár A, Legradi A. Galectin-1 as a marker for microglia activation in the aging brain. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148517. [PMID: 37557976 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Microglia cells, the immune cells residing in the brain, express immune regulatory molecules that have a central role in the manifestation of age-related brain characteristics. Our hypothesis suggests that galectin-1, an anti-inflammatory member of the beta-galactoside-binding lectin family, regulates microglia and neuroinflammation in the aging brain. Through our in-silico analysis, we discovered a subcluster of microglia in the aged mouse brain that exhibited increased expression of galectin-1 mRNA. In our Western blotting experiments, we observed a decrease in galectin-1 protein content in our rat primary cortical cultures over time. Additionally, we found that the presence of lipopolysaccharide, an immune activator, significantly increased the expression of galectin-1 protein in microglial cells. Utilizing flow cytometry, we determined that a portion of the galectin-1 protein was localized on the surface of the microglial cells. As cultivation time increased, we observed a decrease in the expression of activation-coupled molecules in microglial cells, indicating cellular exhaustion. In our mixed rat primary cortical cell cultures, we noted a transition of amoeboid microglial cells labeled with OX42(CD11b/c) to a ramified, branched phenotype during extended cultivation, accompanied by a complete disappearance of galectin-1 expression. By analyzing the transcriptome of a distinct microglial subpopulation in an animal model of aging, we established a correlation between chronological aging and galectin-1 expression. Furthermore, our in vitro study demonstrated that galectin-1 expression is associated with the functional activation state of microglial cells exhibiting specific amoeboid morphological characteristics. Based on our findings, we identify galectin-1 as a marker for microglia activation in the context of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kiss
- Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Yaqub Mir
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Computational Sciences, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Stefancsik
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gantulga Ganbat
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aruzhan Askarova
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva Monostori
- Lymphocyte Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karolina Dulka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gabor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, ELKH, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, ELKH, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Anna Csiszár
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Adam Legradi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gedaj A, Zukowska D, Porebska N, Pozniak M, Krzyscik M, Czyrek A, Krowarsch D, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opalinski L. Short report galectins use N-glycans of FGFs to capture growth factors at the cell surface and fine-tune their signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:122. [PMID: 37231412 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) constitute complex signaling hubs that are crucial for the development and homeostasis of the human body. Most of FGFs are released by cells using the conventional secretory pathway and are N-glycosylated, yet the role of FGFs glycosylation is largely unknown. Here, we identify N-glycans of FGFs as binding sites for a specific set of extracellular lectins, galectins - 1, -3, -7 and - 8. We demonstrate that galectins attract N-glycosylated FGF4 to the cell surface, forming a reservoir of the growth factor in the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, we show that distinct galectins differentially modulate FGF4 signaling and FGF4-dependent cellular processes. Using engineered variants of galectins with altered valency we demonstrate that multivalency of galectins is critical for the adjustment of FGF4 activity. Summarizing, our data reveal a novel regulatory module within FGF signaling, in which the glyco-code in FGFs provides previously unanticipated information differentially deciphered by multivalent galectins, affecting signal transduction and cell physiology. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gedaj
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Zukowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Porebska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Pozniak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Krzyscik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czyrek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Krowarsch
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Opalinski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matteucci C, Nepravishta R, Argaw-Denboba A, Mandaliti W, Giovinazzo A, Petrone V, Balestrieri E, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, Pica F, Paci M, Garaci E. Thymosin α1 interacts with Galectin-1 modulating the β-galactosides affinity and inducing alteration in the biological activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110113. [PMID: 37028279 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of mechanism of action of Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) and the basis of the pleiotropic effect in health and disease, is one of the main focus of our ongoing research. Tα1 is a thymic peptide that demonstrates a peculiar ability to restore homeostasis in different physiological and pathological conditions (i.e., infections, cancer, immunodeficiency, vaccination, and aging) acting as multitasking protein depending on the host state of inflammation or immune dysfunction. However, few are the information about mechanisms of action mediated by specific Tα1-target protein interaction that could explain its pleiotropic effect. We investigated the interaction of Tα1 with Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a protein belonging to an oligosaccharide binding protein family involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes, including immunoregulation, infections, cancer progression and aggressiveness. Using molecular and cellular methodological approaches, we demonstrated the interaction between these two proteins. Tα1 specifically inhibited the hemagglutination activity of Gal-1, the Gal-1 dependent in vitro formation of endothelial cell tubular structures, and the migration of cancer cells in wound healing assay. Physico-chemical methods revealed the details of the molecular interaction of Tα1 with Gal-1. Hence, the study allowed the identification of the not known until now specific interaction between Tα1 and Gal-1, and unraveled a novel mechanism of action of Tα1 that could support understanding of its pleiotropic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ayele Argaw-Denboba
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL, Monterotondo, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Walter Mandaliti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giovinazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Vita Petrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Emanuela Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesca Pica
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- IRCCS San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome 00163, Italy; Medical and Experimental BioImaging Center, MEBIC Consortium, Rome 00166, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Oliveira PSS, Cardoso PRG, de Paula Silva SK, Duarte ALBP, da Rosa MM, de Melo Rêgo MJB, Pereira MC, da Rocha Pitta I, da Rocha Pitta MG. High serum levels of galectins 1 and 4 in osteoarthritis patients. Clin Biochem 2023; 116:11-15. [PMID: 36858300 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immunostaining of galectins is associated with cartilage damage, the serum levels of these lectins in osteoarthritis (OA) are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we evaluate the concentrations of galectins-1, 3, 4, and 7 in patients with osteoarthritis and correlate them with clinical parameters. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 60 osteoarthritis patients and 43 healthy volunteers, who had serum samples collected for galectins titration by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS Our finds showed that the median values of gal-1 and 4 serum levels in patients were statistically higher (13,990 and 969.1 pg/mL, respectively) than in healthy controls (1,798 and 519.5 pg/mL) with p < 0.001. Further, gal-1 expressed higher levels in patients who had joint edema at the time of collection with a median value of 14,970 pg/mL. CONCLUSION Surprisingly, galectin-4 appears to be involved in the osteoarthritis inflammation process as the well-known galectin-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutic Approaches (LINAT), Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ramon Gualberto Cardoso
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutic Approaches (LINAT), Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Simão Kalebe de Paula Silva
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutic Approaches (LINAT), Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Melgarejo da Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutic Approaches (LINAT), Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutic Approaches (LINAT), Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Michelly Cristiny Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutic Approaches (LINAT), Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutic Approaches (LINAT), Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutic Approaches (LINAT), Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cadamuro F, Nicotra F, Russo L. 3D printed tissue models: From hydrogels to biomedical applications. J Control Release 2023; 354:726-745. [PMID: 36682728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of new advanced constructs resembling structural and functional properties of human organs and tissues requires a deep knowledge of the morphological and biochemical properties of the extracellular matrices (ECM), and the capacity to reproduce them. Manufacturing technologies like 3D printing and bioprinting represent valuable tools for this purpose. This review will describe how morphological and biochemical properties of ECM change in different tissues, organs, healthy and pathological states, and how ECM mimics with the required properties can be generated by 3D printing and bioprinting. The review describes and classifies the polymeric materials of natural and synthetic origin exploited to generate the hydrogels acting as "inks" in the 3D printing process, with particular emphasis on their functionalization allowing crosslinking and conjugation with signaling molecules to develop bio-responsive and bio-instructive ECM mimics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cadamuro
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Galectins—Potential Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911012. [PMID: 36232314 PMCID: PMC9569834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in medicine have increased the longevity of humans, resulting in a higher incidence of chronic diseases. Due to the rise in the elderly population, age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent. The available treatment options only provide symptomatic relief and do not cure the underlying cause of the disease. Therefore, it has become imperative to discover new markers and therapies to modulate the course of disease progression and develop better treatment options for the affected individuals. Growing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation is a common factor and one of the main inducers of neuronal damage and degeneration. Galectins (Gals) are a class of β-galactoside-binding proteins (lectins) ubiquitously expressed in almost all vital organs. Gals modulate various cellular responses and regulate significant biological functions, including immune response, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell growth, through their interaction with glycoproteins and glycolipids. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the Gal superfamily, with Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-9 in prime focus. Their roles have been described in modulating neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative processes. In this review, we discuss the role of Gals in the causation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. We describe the role of Gals in microglia and astrocyte modulation, along with their pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. In addition, we discuss the potential use of Gals as a novel therapeutic target for neuroinflammation and restoring tissue damage in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Peltanová B, Holcová Polanská H, Raudenská M, Balvan J, Navrátil J, Vičar T, Gumulec J, Čechová B, Kräter M, Guck J, Kalfeřt D, Grega M, Plzák J, Betka J, Masařík M. mRNA Subtype of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Significantly Affects Key Characteristics of Head and Neck Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2286. [PMID: 35565415 PMCID: PMC9102192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) belong among severe and highly complex malignant diseases showing a high level of heterogeneity and consequently also a variance in therapeutic response, regardless of clinical stage. Our study implies that the progression of HNSCC may be supported by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and the heterogeneity of this disease may lie in the level of cooperation between CAFs and epithelial cancer cells, as communication between CAFs and epithelial cancer cells seems to be a key factor for the sustained growth of the tumour mass. In this study, we investigated how CAFs derived from tumours of different mRNA subtypes influence the proliferation of cancer cells and their metabolic and biomechanical reprogramming. We also investigated the clinicopathological significance of the expression of these metabolism-related genes in tissue samples of HNSCC patients to identify a possible gene signature typical for HNSCC progression. We found that the right kind of cooperation between cancer cells and CAFs is needed for tumour growth and progression, and only specific mRNA subtypes can support the growth of primary cancer cells or metastases. Specifically, during coculture, cancer cell colony supporting effect and effect of CAFs on cell stiffness of cancer cells are driven by the mRNA subtype of the tumour from which the CAFs are derived. The degree of colony-forming support is reflected in cancer cell glycolysis levels and lactate shuttle-related transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Peltanová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.B.); (J.N.); (J.G.); (B.Č.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Hana Holcová Polanská
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.B.); (J.N.); (J.G.); (B.Č.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Martina Raudenská
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.B.); (J.N.); (J.G.); (B.Č.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.B.); (J.N.); (J.G.); (B.Č.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Navrátil
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.B.); (J.N.); (J.G.); (B.Č.)
| | - Tomáš Vičar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jaromír Gumulec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.B.); (J.N.); (J.G.); (B.Č.)
| | - Barbora Čechová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.B.); (J.N.); (J.G.); (B.Č.)
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (J.G.)
| | - David Kalfeřt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (J.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marek Grega
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Plzák
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (J.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jan Betka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (J.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Michal Masařík
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.B.); (J.N.); (J.G.); (B.Č.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaminker JD, Timoshenko AV. Expression, Regulation, and Functions of the Galectin-16 Gene in Human Cells and Tissues. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1909. [PMID: 34944551 PMCID: PMC8699332 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins comprise a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins, which regulate a variety of key biological processes including cell growth, differentiation, survival, and death. This paper aims to address the current knowledge on the unique properties, regulation, and expression of the galectin-16 gene (LGALS16) in human cells and tissues. To date, there are limited studies on this galectin, with most focusing on its tissue specificity to the placenta. Here, we report the expression and 8-Br-cAMP-induced upregulation of LGALS16 in two placental cell lines (BeWo and JEG-3) in the context of trophoblastic differentiation. In addition, we provide the results of a bioinformatics search for LGALS16 using datasets available at GEO, Human Protein Atlas, and prediction tools for relevant transcription factors and miRNAs. Our findings indicate that LGALS16 is detected by microarrays in diverse human cells/tissues and alters expression in association with cancer, diabetes, and brain diseases. Molecular mechanisms of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of LGALS16 are also discussed based on the available bioinformatics resources.
Collapse
|
10
|
Panebianco CJ, Dave A, Charytonowicz D, Sebra R, Iatridis JC. Single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas of bovine caudal intervertebral discs: Discovery of heterogeneous cell populations with distinct roles in homeostasis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21919. [PMID: 34591994 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101149r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Back and neck pain are significant healthcare burdens that are commonly associated with pathologies of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The poor understanding of the cellular heterogeneity within the IVD makes it difficult to develop regenerative IVD therapies. To address this gap, we developed an atlas of bovine (Bos taurus) caudal IVDs using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Unsupervised clustering resolved 15 unique clusters, which we grouped into the following annotated partitions: nucleus pulposus (NP), outer annulus fibrosus (oAF), inner AF (iAF), notochord, muscle, endothelial, and immune cells. Analyzing the pooled gene expression profiles of the NP, oAF, and iAF partitions allowed us to identify novel markers for NP (CP, S100B, H2AC18, SNORC, CRELD2, PDIA4, DNAJC3, CHCHD7, and RCN2), oAF (IGFBP6, CTSK, LGALS1, and CCN3), and iAF (MGP, COMP, SPP1, GSN, SOD2, DCN, FN1, TIMP3, WDR73, and GAL) cells. Network analysis on subpopulations of NP and oAF cells determined that clusters NP1, NP2, NP4, and oAF1 displayed gene expression profiles consistent with cell survival, suggesting these clusters may uniquely support viability under the physiological stresses of the IVD. Clusters NP3, NP5, oAF2, and oAF3 expressed various extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes, suggesting their role in maintaining IVD structure. Lastly, transcriptional entropy and pseudotime analyses found that clusters NP3 and NP1 had the most stem-like gene expression signatures of the NP partition, implying these clusters may contain IVD progenitor cells. Overall, results highlight cell type diversity within the IVD, and these novel cell phenotypes may enhance our understanding of IVD development, homeostasis, degeneration, and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Panebianco
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arpit Dave
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Charytonowicz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - James C Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kremsreiter SM, Kroell ASH, Weinberger K, Boehm H. Glycan-Lectin Interactions in Cancer and Viral Infections and How to Disrupt Them. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10577. [PMID: 34638920 PMCID: PMC8508825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions play an essential role in different cellular processes. One of their main functions is involvement in the immune response to pathogens or inflammation. However, cancer cells and viruses have adapted to avail themselves of these interactions. By displaying specific glycosylation structures, they are able to bind to lectins, thus promoting pathogenesis. While glycan-lectin interactions promote tumor progression, metastasis, and/or chemoresistance in cancer, in viral infections they are important for viral entry, release, and/or immune escape. For several years now, a growing number of investigations have been devoted to clarifying the role of glycan-lectin interactions in cancer and viral infections. Various overviews have already summarized and highlighted their findings. In this review, we consider the interactions of the lectins MGL, DC-SIGN, selectins, and galectins in both cancer and viral infections together. A possible transfer of ways to target and disrupt them might lead to new therapeutic approaches in different pathological backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maria Kremsreiter
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Ann-Sophie Helene Kroell
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Weinberger
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Heike Boehm
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Perez SJLP, Fu CW, Li WS. Sialyltransferase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer Metastasis: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:5673. [PMID: 34577144 PMCID: PMC8470674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Potent, cell-permeable, and subtype-selective sialyltransferase inhibitors represent an attractive family of substances that can potentially be used for the clinical treatment of cancer metastasis. These substances operate by specifically inhibiting sialyltransferase-mediated hypersialylation of cell surface glycoproteins or glycolipids, which then blocks the sialic acid recognition pathway and leads to deterioration of cell motility and invasion. A vast amount of evidence for the in vitro and in vivo effects of sialyltransferase inhibition or knockdown on tumor progression and tumor cell metastasis or colonization has been accumulated over the past decades. In this regard, this review comprehensively discusses the results of studies that have led to the recent discovery and development of sialyltransferase inhibitors, their potential biomedical applications in the treatment of cancer metastasis, and their current limitations and future opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ser John Lynon P. Perez
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.J.L.P.P.); (C.-W.F.)
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Fu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.J.L.P.P.); (C.-W.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shan Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.J.L.P.P.); (C.-W.F.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Unraveling How Tumor-Derived Galectins Contribute to Anti-Cancer Immunity Failure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184529. [PMID: 34572756 PMCID: PMC8469970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review compiles our current knowledge of one of the main pathways activated by tumors to escape immune attack. Indeed, it integrates the current understanding of how tumor-derived circulating galectins affect the elicitation of effective anti-tumor immunity. It focuses on several relevant topics: which are the main galectins produced by tumors, how soluble galectins circulate throughout biological liquids (taking a body-settled gradient concentration into account), the conditions required for the galectins’ functions to be accomplished at the tumor and tumor-distant sites, and how the physicochemical properties of the microenvironment in each tissue determine their functions. These are no mere semantic definitions as they define which functions can be performed in said tissues instead. Finally, we discuss the promising future of galectins as targets in cancer immunotherapy and some outstanding questions in the field. Abstract Current data indicates that anti-tumor T cell-mediated immunity correlates with a better prognosis in cancer patients. However, it has widely been demonstrated that tumor cells negatively manage immune attack by activating several immune-suppressive mechanisms. It is, therefore, essential to fully understand how lymphocytes are activated in a tumor microenvironment and, above all, how to prevent these cells from becoming dysfunctional. Tumors produce galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 as one of the major molecular mechanisms to evade immune control of tumor development. These galectins impact different steps in the establishment of the anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we carry out a critical dissection on the mechanisms through which tumor-derived galectins can influence the production and the functionality of anti-tumor T lymphocytes. This knowledge may help us design more effective immunotherapies to treat human cancers.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sethi A, Sanam S, Alvala R, Alvala M. An updated patent review of galectin-1 and galectin-3 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:709-721. [PMID: 33749494 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1903430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galectins are ubiquitous in nature. They have established themselves as a protein family of high therapeutic potential and play a role in a wide variety of diseases like cancer, fibrosis, and Alzheimer's. Within the galectin family, galectin- 1 and galectin- 3 have been widely studied and their roles and functions have now been well established. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the important advancements in the development of galectin-1 & 3 inhibitors. All patents filed detailing the divergent strategies to inhibit galectin-1 & 3 from 2016 to present have been covered and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Over the past couple of decades, distinct galectin inhibitors have been synthesized, reported and studied. Among all, the mono and disaccharide-based antagonists have been found to be considerably successful. However, the cumbersome synthetic route followed to develop this class of inhibitors, in addition to complexity involved in making selective modifications within these molecules has posed a significant challenge. Recently, there have been numerous reports on heterocyclic-based galectin inhibitors. If these are established as potent galectin inhibitors, their ease of synthesis and tunability could overcome the potential drawbacks of carbohydrate-based inhibitors and could thus be exploited to develop efficient and highly specific galectin inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaftaab Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Swetha Sanam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Ravi Alvala
- G Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India.,Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li W, Sancho A, Chung WL, Vinik Y, Groll J, Zick Y, Medalia O, Bershadsky AD, Geiger B. Differential cellular responses to adhesive interactions with galectin-8- and fibronectin-coated substrates. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252221. [PMID: 33722978 PMCID: PMC8106957 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the cellular response to extracellular matrices (ECMs) that consist of multiple adhesive ligands are still poorly understood. Here, we address this topic by monitoring specific cellular responses to two different extracellular adhesion molecules - the main integrin ligand fibronectin and galectin-8, a lectin that binds β-galactoside residues - as well as to mixtures of the two proteins. Compared with cell spreading on fibronectin, cell spreading on galectin-8-coated substrates resulted in increased projected cell area, more-pronounced extension of filopodia and, yet, the inability to form focal adhesions and stress fibers. These differences can be partially reversed by experimental manipulations of small G-proteins of the Rho family and their downstream targets, such as formins, the Arp2/3 complex and Rho kinase. We also show that the physical adhesion of cells to galectin-8 was stronger than adhesion to fibronectin. Notably, galectin-8 and fibronectin differently regulate cell spreading and focal adhesion formation, yet act synergistically to upregulate the number and length of filopodia. The physiological significance of the coherent cellular response to a molecularly complex matrix is discussed. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Li
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ana Sancho
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Wen-Lu Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Yehiel Zick
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Alexander D. Bershadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sethi A, Sasikala K, Jakkula P, Gadde D, Sanam S, Qureshi IA, Talla V, Alvala M. Design, synthesis and computational studies involving Indole-Coumarin hybrids as galectin-1 inhibitors. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
17
|
Adhikara IM, Yagi K, Mayasari DS, Suzuki Y, Ikeda K, Ryanto GRT, Sasaki N, Rikitake Y, Nadanaka S, Kitagawa H, Miyata O, Igarashi M, Hirata KI, Emoto N. Chondroitin Sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2 Impacts Foam Cell Formation and Atherosclerosis by Altering Macrophage Glycosaminoglycan Chain. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1076-1091. [PMID: 33504177 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are the primary constituents of the macrophage glycosaminoglycan and extracellular microenvironment. To examine their potential role in atherogenesis, we investigated the biological importance of one of the chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis gene, ChGn-2 (chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2), in macrophage foam cell formation. Approach and Results: ChGn-2-deficient mice showed decreased and shortened glycosaminoglycans. ChGn-2-/-/LDLr-/- (low-density lipoprotein receptor) mice generated less atherosclerotic plaque after being fed with Western diet despite exhibiting a metabolic phenotype similar to that of the ChGn-2+/+/LDLr-/- littermates. We demonstrated that in macrophages, ChGn-2 expression was upregulated in the presence of oxLDL (oxidized LDL), and glycosaminoglycan was substantially increased. Foam cell formation was significantly altered by ChGn-2 in both mouse peritoneal macrophages and the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Mechanistically, ChGn-2 enhanced oxLDL binding on the cell surface, and as a consequence, CD36-an important macrophage membrane scavenger receptor-was differentially regulated. CONCLUSIONS ChGn-2 alteration on macrophages conceivably influences LDL accumulation and subsequently accelerates plaque formation. These results collectively suggest that ChGn-2 is a novel therapeutic target amenable to clinical translation in the future. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imam Manggalya Adhikara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science (I.M.A., K.Y., D.S.M., Y.S., K.I., G.R.T.R., N.E.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (I.M.A., D.S.M., Y.S., G.R.T.R., K.-i.H., N.E.)
| | - Keiko Yagi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science (I.M.A., K.Y., D.S.M., Y.S., K.I., G.R.T.R., N.E.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Dyah Samti Mayasari
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science (I.M.A., K.Y., D.S.M., Y.S., K.I., G.R.T.R., N.E.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (I.M.A., D.S.M., Y.S., G.R.T.R., K.-i.H., N.E.)
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science (I.M.A., K.Y., D.S.M., Y.S., K.I., G.R.T.R., N.E.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (I.M.A., D.S.M., Y.S., G.R.T.R., K.-i.H., N.E.)
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science (I.M.A., K.Y., D.S.M., Y.S., K.I., G.R.T.R., N.E.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Gusty Rizky Teguh Ryanto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science (I.M.A., K.Y., D.S.M., Y.S., K.I., G.R.T.R., N.E.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (I.M.A., D.S.M., Y.S., G.R.T.R., K.-i.H., N.E.)
| | - Naoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics (N.S., Y.R.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics (N.S., Y.R.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Satomi Nadanaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry (S.N., H.K.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry (S.N., H.K.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Okiko Miyata
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (O.M.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan (M.I.)
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (I.M.A., D.S.M., Y.S., G.R.T.R., K.-i.H., N.E.)
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science (I.M.A., K.Y., D.S.M., Y.S., K.I., G.R.T.R., N.E.), Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (I.M.A., D.S.M., Y.S., G.R.T.R., K.-i.H., N.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Moar P, Tandon R. Galectin-9 as a biomarker of disease severity. Cell Immunol 2021; 361:104287. [PMID: 33494007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside binding lectin known for its immunomodulatory role in various microbial infections. Gal-9 is expressed in all organ systems and localized in the nucleus, cell surface, cytoplasm and the extracellular matrix. It mediates host-pathogen interactions and regulates cell signalling via binding to its receptors. Gal-9 is involved in many physiological functions such as cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, communication and death. However, recent studies have emphasized on the elevated levels of Gal-9 in autoimmune disorders, viral infections, parasitic invasion, cancer, acute liver failure, atopic dermatitis, chronic kidney disease, type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and benign infertility-related gynecological disorders. In this paper we have reviewed the potential of Gal-9 as a reliable, sensitive and non-invasive biomarker of disease severity. Tracking changes in Gal-9 levels and its implementation as a biomarker in clinical practice will be an important tool to monitor disease activity and facilitate personalized treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Moar
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
FitzGerald FG, Rodriguez Benavente MC, Garcia C, Rivero Y, Singh Y, Wang H, Fields GB, Cudic M. TF-containing MUC1 glycopeptides fail to entice Galectin-1 recognition of tumor-associated Thomsen-Freidenreich (TF) antigen (CD176) in solution. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:657-666. [PMID: 33001366 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Mucin-1 (MUC1) glycosylation with the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) tumor-associated antigen (CD176) is a hallmark of epithelial carcinoma progression and poor patient prognosis. Recognition of TF by glycan-binding proteins, such as galectins, enables the pathological repercussions of this glycan presentation, yet the underlying binding specificities of different members of the galectin family is a matter of continual investigation. While Galectin-3 (Gal-3) recognition of TF has been well-documented at both the cellular and molecular level, Galectin-1 (Gal-1) recognition of TF has only truly been alluded to in cell-based platforms. Immunohistochemical analyses have purported Gal-1 binding to TF on MUC1 at the cell surface, however binding at the molecular level was inconclusive. We hypothesize that glycan scaffold (MUC1's tandem repeat peptide sequence) and/or multivalency play a role in the binding recognition of TF antigen by Gal-1. In this study we have developed a method for large-scale expression of Gal-1 and its histidine-tagged analog for use in binding studies by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and development of an analytical method based on AlphaScreen technology to screen for Gal-1 inhibitors. Surprisingly, neither glycan scaffold or multivalent presentation of TF antigen on the scaffold was able to entice Gal-1 recognition to the level of affinity expected for functional significance. Future evaluations of the Gal-1/TF binding interaction in order to draw connections between immunohistochemical data and analytical measurements are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forrest G FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Maria C Rodriguez Benavente
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 120 E Green St, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Camelia Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Yaima Rivero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - YashoNandini Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yüksel RN, Göverti D, Kahve AC, Çakmak IB, Yücel Ç, Göka E. Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia and their Unaffected Siblings. Psychiatr Q 2020; 91:715-725. [PMID: 32157549 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many hypothesis suggest that inflammation plays an important role in schizophrenia. Galectins can regulate inflammatory response in central nervous system. The relation between galectins and neuropsyhchiatric diseases and schizophrenia is unclear. The present study compared levels of Gal-1 and Gal-3 of patients with schizophrenia to that of first-degree relatives without the disease and healthy controls in order to evaluate any possible association. Sixty-two patients with schizophrenia, fifty-five unaffected siblings and fifty-eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls enrolled. Serum Gal-1, Gal-3 and CRP levels were measured. PANNS and CGI-S were used to evaluate the severity of disease. There was a statistically significant difference in serum Gal-1 levels among the patient, sibling, and control groups. There were no statistically significant correlations between serum CRP and serum Gal-1 or Gal-3 levels. Gal-1 values were significantly higher in the unaffected siblings compared to both the patient group and the healthy control group. Gal-3 levels were elevated in the sibling group relative to the patient group. In the literature, the relationship between galectins and schizophrenia is very limited and appears to be a new field of study. Future studies are needed to evaluate the protective roles of galectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Nazik Yüksel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Science, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Diğdem Göverti
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Psychiatric Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Aybeniz Civan Kahve
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Science, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Işık Batuhan Çakmak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Science, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Yücel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Science, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Göka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Science, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Luis J, Eastlake K, Khaw PT, Limb GA. Galectins and their involvement in ocular disease and development. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108120. [PMID: 32565112 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate binding proteins with high affinity to ß-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. Understanding of the functions of galectins has grown steadily over the past decade, as a result of substantial advancements in the field of glycobiology. Galectins have been shown to be versatile molecules that participate in a range of important biological systems, including inflammation, neovascularisation and fibrosis. These processes are of particular importance in ocular tissues, where a major theme of recent research has been to divert diseases away from pathways which result in loss of function into pathways of repair and regeneration. This review summarises our current understanding of galectins in the context important ocular diseases, followed by an update on current clinical studies and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Luis
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom.
| | - Karen Eastlake
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Peng T Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - G Astrid Limb
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Blois SM, Verlohren S, Wu G, Clark G, Dell A, Haslam SM, Barrientos G. Role of galectin-glycan circuits in reproduction: from healthy pregnancy to preterm birth (PTB). Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:469-486. [PMID: 32601855 PMCID: PMC7508936 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, fulfill key roles in pregnancy including blastocyst implantation, maternal-fetal immune tolerance, placental development, and maternal vascular expansion, thereby establishing a healthy environment for the growing fetus. In this review, we comprehensively present the function of galectins in shaping cellular circuits that characterize a healthy pregnancy. We describe the current understanding of galectins in term and preterm labor and discuss how the galectin-glycan circuits contribute to key immunological pathways sustaining maternal tolerance and preventing microbial infections. A deeper understanding of the glycoimmune pathways regulating early events in preterm birth could offer the broader translational potential for the treatment of this devastating syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, AG GlycoImmunology, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Verlohren
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Clark
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Galectins in the Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Galectin-1. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1259:17-38. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43093-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
24
|
Nicolas J, Magli S, Rabbachin L, Sampaolesi S, Nicotra F, Russo L. 3D Extracellular Matrix Mimics: Fundamental Concepts and Role of Materials Chemistry to Influence Stem Cell Fate. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1968-1994. [PMID: 32227919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic 3D extracellular matrices (ECMs) find application in cell studies, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While cells cultured in a monolayer may exhibit unnatural behavior and develop very different phenotypes and genotypes than in vivo, great efforts in materials chemistry have been devoted to reproducing in vitro behavior in in vivo cell microenvironments. This requires fine-tuning the biochemical and structural actors in synthetic ECMs. This review will present the fundamentals of the ECM, cover the chemical and structural features of the scaffolds used to generate ECM mimics, discuss the nature of the signaling biomolecules required and exploited to generate bioresponsive cell microenvironments able to induce a specific cell fate, and highlight the synthetic strategies involved in creating functional 3D ECM mimics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sofia Magli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Rabbachin
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Sampaolesi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
García Caballero G, Kaltner H, Kutzner TJ, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Schmidt S, Sinowatz F, Gabius HJ. How galectins have become multifunctional proteins. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:509-539. [PMID: 31922250 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Having identified glycans of cellular glycoconjugates as versatile molecular messages, their recognition by sugar receptors (lectins) is a fundamental mechanism within the flow of biological information. This type of molecular interplay is increasingly revealed to be involved in a wide range of (patho)physiological processes. To do so, it is a vital prerequisite that a lectin (and its expression) can develop more than a single skill, that is the general ability to bind glycans. By studying the example of vertebrate galectins as a model, a total of five relevant characteristics is disclosed: i) access to intra- and extracellular sites, ii) fine-tuned gene regulation (with evidence for co-regulation of counterreceptors) including the existence of variants due to alternative splicing or single nucleotide polymorphisms, iii) specificity to distinct glycans from the glycome with different molecular meaning, iv) binding capacity also to peptide motifs at different sites on the protein and v) diversity of modular architecture. They combine to endow these lectins with the capacity to serve as multi-purpose tools. Underscoring the arising broad-scale significance of tissue lectins, their numbers in terms of known families and group members have steadily grown by respective research that therefore unveiled a well-stocked toolbox. The generation of a network of (ga)lectins by evolutionary diversification affords the opportunity for additive/synergistic or antagonistic interplay in situ, an emerging aspect of (ga)lectin functionality. It warrants close scrutiny. The realization of the enormous potential of combinatorial permutations using the five listed features gives further efforts to understand the rules of functional glycomics/lectinomics a clear direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peixoto A, Relvas-Santos M, Azevedo R, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Protein Glycosylation and Tumor Microenvironment Alterations Driving Cancer Hallmarks. Front Oncol 2019; 9:380. [PMID: 31157165 PMCID: PMC6530332 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have disclosed a plethora of alterations in protein glycosylation that decisively impact in all stages of disease and ultimately contribute to more aggressive cell phenotypes. The biosynthesis of cancer-associated glycans and its reflection in the glycoproteome is driven by microenvironmental cues and these events act synergistically toward disease evolution. Such intricate crosstalk provides the molecular foundations for the activation of relevant oncogenic pathways and leads to functional alterations driving invasion and disease dissemination. However, it also provides an important source of relevant glyco(neo)epitopes holding tremendous potential for clinical intervention. Therefore, we highlight the transversal nature of glycans throughout the currently accepted cancer hallmarks, with emphasis on the crosstalk between glycans and the tumor microenvironment stromal components. Focus is also set on the pressing need to include glycans and glycoconjugates in comprehensive panomics models envisaging molecular-based precision medicine capable of improving patient care. We foresee that this may provide the necessary rationale for more comprehensive studies and molecular-based intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Relvas-Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Azevedo
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pivotal role of innate myeloid cells in cerebral post-ischemic sterile inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:523-538. [PMID: 30206661 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play a multifaceted role in regulating both disability and recovery after ischemic brain injury. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, resident microglia elicit rapid inflammatory responses by the ischemic milieu. After disruption of the blood-brain barrier, peripheral-derived neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes infiltrate into the ischemic brain. These infiltrating myeloid cells are activated by the endogenous alarming molecules released from dying brain cells. Inflammation after ischemic stroke thus typically consists of sterile inflammation triggered by innate immunity, which exacerbates the pathologies of ischemic stroke and worsens neurological prognosis. Infiltrating immune cells sustain the post-ischemic inflammation for several days; after this period, however, these cells take on a repairing function, phagocytosing inflammatory mediators and cellular debris. This time-specific polarization of immune cells in the ischemic brain is a potential novel therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the phase-dependent role of innate myeloid cells in ischemic stroke and discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of their inflammatory or repairing polarization from a therapeutic perspective.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kishor C, Ross RL, Blanchard H. Lactulose as a novel template for anticancer drug development targeting galectins. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1801-1808. [PMID: 29888844 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins), which characteristically bind β-galactosides. Galectins play a role in tumour progression through involvement in proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune evasion and drug resistance. There is need for inhibitors (antagonists) that are specific for distinct galectins and that can interfere with galectin-carbohydrate interactions during cancer progression. Here, we propose that lactulose, a non-digestible galactose-fructose disaccharide, presents a novel inhibitor scaffold for design of inhibitors against galectins. Thermodynamic evaluation displays binding affinity of lactulose against the galectin-1 and galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Crystal structures of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in complex with lactulose reveal for the first time the molecular basis of the galectin-lactulose interactions. Molecular modelling was implemented to propose novel lactulose derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kishor
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Renee L Ross
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
de Oliveira RM, Ornelas Ricart CA, Araujo Martins AM. Use of Mass Spectrometry to Screen Glycan Early Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2018; 7:328. [PMID: 29379771 PMCID: PMC5775512 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Association between altered glycosylation patterns and poor prognosis in cancer points glycans as potential specific tumor markers. Most proteins are glycosylated and functionally arranged on cell surface and extracellular matrix, mediating interactions and cellular signaling. Thereby, aberrant glycans may be considered a pathological phenotype at least as important as changes in protein expression for cancer and other complex diseases. As most serum glycoproteins have hepatic origin, liver disease phenotypes, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), may present altered glycan profile and display important modifications. One of the prominent obstacles in HCC is the diagnostic in advanced stages when patients have several liver dysfunctions, limiting treatment options and life expectancy. The characterization of glycomic profiles in pathological conditions by means of mass spectrometry (MS) may lead to the discovery of early diagnostic markers using non-invasive approaches. MS is a powerful analytical technique capable of elucidating many glycobiological issues and overcome limitations of the serological markers currently applied in clinical practice. Therefore, MS-based glycomics of tumor biomarkers is a promising tool to increase early detection and monitoring of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Andre Ornelas Ricart
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Aline Maria Araujo Martins
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,University Hospital Walter Cantídeo, Surgery Department, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gordon-Alonso M, Hirsch T, Wildmann C, van der Bruggen P. Galectin-3 captures interferon-gamma in the tumor matrix reducing chemokine gradient production and T-cell tumor infiltration. Nat Commun 2017; 8:793. [PMID: 28986561 PMCID: PMC5630615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of T cells in tumors predicts overall survival for cancer patients. However, why most tumors are poorly infiltrated by T cells is barely understood. T-cell recruitment towards the tumor requires a chemokine gradient of the critical IFNγ-induced chemokines CXCL9/10/11. Here, we describe how tumors can abolish IFNγ-induced chemokines, thereby reducing T-cell attraction. This mechanism requires extracellular galectin-3, a lectin secreted by tumors. Galectins bind the glycans of glycoproteins and form lattices by oligomerization. We demonstrate that galectin-3 binds the glycans of the extracellular matrix and those decorating IFNγ. In mice bearing human tumors, galectin-3 reduces IFNγ diffusion through the tumor matrix. Galectin antagonists increase intratumoral IFNγ diffusion, CXCL9 gradient and tumor recruitment of adoptively transferred human CD8+ T cells specific for a tumor antigen. Transfer of T cells reduces tumor growth only if galectin antagonists are injected. Considering that most human cytokines are glycosylated, galectin secretion could be a general strategy for tumor immune evasion. Most tumours are poorly infiltrated by T cells. Here the authors show that galectin-3 secreted by tumours binds both glycosylated IFNγ and glycoproteins of the tumour extracellular matrix, thus avoiding IFNγ diffusion and the formation of an IFNγ-induced chemokine gradient required for T cell infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gordon-Alonso
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. .,WELBIO, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Thibault Hirsch
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Wildmann
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre van der Bruggen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. .,WELBIO, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alfadda AA, Masood A, Al-Naami MY, Chaurand P, Benabdelkamel H. A Proteomics Based Approach Reveals Differential Regulation of Visceral Adipose Tissue Proteins between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Patients. Mol Cells 2017; 40:685-695. [PMID: 28927258 PMCID: PMC5638776 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the metabolic disorders that constitute metabolic syndrome are a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Nonetheless, the changes in the proteins and the underlying molecular pathways involved in the relevant pathogenesis are poorly understood. In this study a proteomic analysis of the visceral adipose tissue isolated from metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese patients was used to identify presence of altered pathway(s) leading to metabolic dysfunction. Samples were obtained from 18 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and were subdivided into two groups based on the presence or absence of comorbidities as defined by the International Diabetes Federation. Two dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was carried out. A total of 28 proteins were identified with a statistically significant difference in abundance and a 1.5-fold change (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05) between the groups. 11 proteins showed increased abundance while 17 proteins were decreased in the metabolically unhealthy obese compared to the healthy obese. The differentially expressed proteins belonged broadly to three functional categories: (i) protein and lipid metabolism (ii) cytoskeleton and (iii) regulation of other metabolic processes. Network analysis by Ingenuity pathway analysis identified the NFκB, IRK/MAPK and PKC as the nodes with the highest connections within the connectivity map. The top network pathway identified in our protein data set related to cellular movement, hematological system development and function, and immune cell trafficking. The VAT proteome between the two groups differed substantially between the groups which could potentially be the reason for metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assim A. Alfadda
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University,
Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University,
Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Pierre Chaurand
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal,
Canada
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University,
Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hornung Á, Monostori É, Kovács L. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the light of the regulatory effects of galectin-1 on T-cell function. Lupus 2017; 26:339-347. [PMID: 28100106 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316686846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is an endogenous immunoregulatory lectin-type protein. Its most important effects are the inhibition of the differentiation and cytokine production of Th1 and Th17 cells, and the induction of apoptosis of activated T-cells. Galectin-1 has been identified as a key molecule in antitumor immune surveillance, and data are accumulating about the pathogenic role of its deficiency, and the beneficial effects of its administration in various autoimmune disease models. Initial animal and human studies strongly suggest deficiencies in both galectin-1 production and responsiveness in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T-cells. Since lupus features widespread abnormalities in T-cell activation, differentiation and viability, in this review the authors wished to highlight potential points in T-cell signalling processes that may be influenced by galectin-1. These points include GM-1 ganglioside-mediated lipid raft aggregation, early activation signalling steps involving p56Lck, the exchange of the CD3 ζ-ZAP-70 to the FcRγ-Syk pathway, defective mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation, impaired regulatory T-cell function, the failure to suppress the activity of interleukin 17 (IL-17) producing T-cells, and decreased suppression of the PI3K-mTOR pathway by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). These findings place galectin-1 into the group of potential pathogenic molecules in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Á Hornung
- 1 Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,2 Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - É Monostori
- 1 Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Kovács
- 2 Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shen KH, Li CF, Chien LH, Huang CH, Su CC, Liao AC, Wu TF. Role of galectin-1 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma cell invasion through the JNK pathway. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1390-1398. [PMID: 27440446 PMCID: PMC5084672 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human galectin-1 is a member of the galectin family, proteins with conserved carbohydrate-recognition domains that bind galactoside. Galectin-1 is highly expressed in various tumors and participates in various oncogenic processes. However, detailed descriptions of the function of galectin-1 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma have not been reported. Our previous cohort investigation showed that galectin-1 is associated with tumor invasiveness and is a possible independent prognostic marker of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma. The present study aimed to clarify the relevance of galectin-1 expression level to tumor progression and invasion. In order to decipher a mechanism for the contribution of galectin-1 to the malignant behavior of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma, two bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and J82) were established with knockdown of galectin-1 expression by shRNA. Bladder cancer cells with LGALS1 gene silencing showed reduced cell proliferation, lower invasive capability, and lower clonogenicity. Extensive signaling pathway studies indicated that galectin-1 participated in bladder cancer cell invasion by mediating the activity of MMP9 through the Ras-Rac1-MEKK4-JNK-AP1 signaling pathway. Our functional analyses of galectin-1 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma provided novel insights into the critical role of galectin-1 in tumor progression and invasion. These results revealed that silencing the galectin-1-mediated MAPK signaling pathway presented a novel strategy for bladder cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hung Shen
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hsiang Chien
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Cheng Su
- Department of Urology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Alex C Liao
- Department of Urology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Feng Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Regulation of eosinophilia and allergic airway inflammation by the glycan-binding protein galectin-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4837-46. [PMID: 27457925 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601958113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a glycan-binding protein with broad antiinflammatory activities, functions as a proresolving mediator in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, its role in allergic airway inflammation has not yet been elucidated. We evaluated the effects of Gal-1 on eosinophil function and its role in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Allergen exposure resulted in airway recruitment of Gal-1-expressing inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, as well as increased Gal-1 in extracellular spaces in the lungs. In vitro, extracellular Gal-1 exerted divergent effects on eosinophils that were N-glycan- and dose-dependent. At concentrations ≤0.25 µM, Gal-1 increased eosinophil adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, caused redistribution of integrin CD49d to the periphery and cell clustering, but inhibited ERK(1/2) activation and eotaxin-1-induced migration. Exposure to concentrations ≥1 µM resulted in ERK(1/2)-dependent apoptosis and disruption of the F-actin cytoskeleton. At lower concentrations, Gal-1 did not alter expression of adhesion molecules (CD49d, CD18, CD11a, CD11b, L-selectin) or of the chemokine receptor CCR3, but decreased CD49d and CCR3 was observed in eosinophils treated with higher concentrations of this lectin. In vivo, allergen-challenged Gal-1-deficient mice exhibited increased recruitment of eosinophils and CD3(+) T lymphocytes in the airways as well as elevated peripheral blood and bone marrow eosinophils relative to corresponding WT mice. Further, these mice had an increased propensity to develop airway hyperresponsiveness and displayed significantly elevated levels of TNF-α in lung tissue. This study suggests that Gal-1 can limit eosinophil recruitment to allergic airways and suppresses airway inflammation by inhibiting cell migration and promoting eosinophil apoptosis.
Collapse
|
35
|
Thiemann S, Baum LG. Galectins and Immune Responses—Just How Do They Do Those Things They Do? Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 34:243-64. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thiemann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; ,
| | - Linda G. Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; ,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Blanchard H, Bum-Erdene K, Bohari MH, Yu X. Galectin-1 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:537-54. [PMID: 26950805 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1163338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galectins have affinity for β-galactosides. Human galectin-1 is ubiquitously expressed in the body and its expression level can be a marker in disease. Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gives potential for treatment of inflammatory disorders and anti-cancer therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review discusses progress in galectin-1 inhibitor discovery and development. Patent applications pertaining to galectin-1 inhibitors are categorised as monovalent- and multivalent-carbohydrate-based inhibitors, peptides- and peptidomimetics. Furthermore, the potential of galectin-1 protein as a therapeutic is discussed along with consideration of the unique challenges that galectin-1 presents, including its monomer-dimer equilibrium and oxidized and reduced forms, with regard to delivering an intact protein to a pathologically relevant site. EXPERT OPINION Significant evidence implicates galectin-1's involvement in cancer progression, inflammation, and host-pathogen interactions. Conserved sequence similarity of the carbohydrate-binding sites of different galectins makes design of specific antagonists (blocking agents/inhibitors of function) difficult. Key challenges pertaining to the therapeutic use of galectin-1 are its monomer-dimer equilibrium, its redox state, and delivery of intact galectin-1 to the desired site. Developing modified forms of galectin-1 has resulted in increased stability and functional potency. Gene and protein therapy approaches that deliver the protein toward the target are under exploration as is exploitation of different inhibitor scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Blanchard
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
| | - Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
| | | | - Xing Yu
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Preconcentration-enhanced immunosensing for whole human cancer cell lysate based on a nanofluidic preconcentrator. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-016-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
38
|
Simonson OE, Mougiakakos D, Heldring N, Bassi G, Johansson HJ, Dalén M, Jitschin R, Rodin S, Corbascio M, El Andaloussi S, Wiklander OPB, Nordin JZ, Skog J, Romain C, Koestler T, Hellgren-Johansson L, Schiller P, Joachimsson PO, Hägglund H, Mattsson M, Lehtiö J, Faridani OR, Sandberg R, Korsgren O, Krampera M, Weiss DJ, Grinnemo KH, Le Blanc K. In Vivo Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Two Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1199-213. [PMID: 26285659 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been investigated as a treatment for various inflammatory diseases because of their immunomodulatory and reparative properties. However, many basic questions concerning their mechanisms of action after systemic infusion remain unanswered. We performed a detailed analysis of the immunomodulatory properties and proteomic profile of MSCs systemically administered to two patients with severe refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on a compassionate use basis and attempted to correlate these with in vivo anti-inflammatory actions. Both patients received 2×10(6) cells per kilogram, and each subsequently improved with resolution of respiratory, hemodynamic, and multiorgan failure. In parallel, a decrease was seen in multiple pulmonary and systemic markers of inflammation, including epithelial apoptosis, alveolar-capillary fluid leakage, and proinflammatory cytokines, microRNAs, and chemokines. In vitro studies of the MSCs demonstrated a broad anti-inflammatory capacity, including suppression of T-cell responses and induction of regulatory phenotypes in T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. Some of these in vitro potency assessments correlated with, and were relevant to, the observed in vivo actions. These experiences highlight both the mechanistic information that can be gained from clinical experience and the value of correlating in vitro potency assessments with clinical effects. The findings also suggest, but do not prove, a beneficial effect of lung protective strategies using adoptively transferred MSCs in ARDS. Appropriate randomized clinical trials are required to further assess any potential clinical efficacy and investigate the effects on in vivo inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE This article describes the cases of two patients with severe refractory adult respiratory syndrome (ARDS) who failed to improve after both standard life support measures, including mechanical ventilation, and additional measures, including extracorporeal ventilation (i.e., in a heart-lung machine). Unlike acute forms of ARDS (such in the current NIH-sponsored study of mesenchymal stromal cells in ARDS), recovery does not generally occur in such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Simonson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nina Heldring
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Henrik J Johansson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Magnus Dalén
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Regina Jitschin
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Matthias Corbascio
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Johan Skog
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Charlotte Romain
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Tina Koestler
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Laila Hellgren-Johansson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Petter Schiller
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Per-Olof Joachimsson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Hans Hägglund
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Mattias Mattsson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Omid R Faridani
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Rickard Sandberg
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diseases of Aging, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA; Exosome Diagnostics Inc., New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology, and Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden; Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Thiemann S, Man JH, Chang MH, Lee B, Baum LG. Galectin-1 regulates tissue exit of specific dendritic cell populations. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26216879 PMCID: PMC4566239 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, dendritic cells emigrate from inflamed tissue across the lymphatic endothelium into the lymphatic vasculature and travel to regional lymph nodes to initiate immune responses. However, the processes that regulate dendritic cell tissue egress and migration across the lymphatic endothelium are not well defined. The mammalian lectin galectin-1 is highly expressed by vascular endothelial cells in inflamed tissue and has been shown to regulate immune cell tissue entry into inflamed tissue. Here, we show that galectin-1 is also highly expressed by human lymphatic endothelial cells, and deposition of galectin-1 in extracellular matrix selectively regulates migration of specific human dendritic cell subsets. The presence of galectin-1 inhibits migration of immunogenic dendritic cells through the extracellular matrix and across lymphatic endothelial cells, but it has no effect on migration of tolerogenic dendritic cells. The major galectin-1 counter-receptor on both dendritic cell populations is the cell surface mucin CD43; differential core 2 O-glycosylation of CD43 between immunogenic dendritic cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells appears to contribute to the differential effect of galectin-1 on migration. Binding of galectin-1 to immunogenic dendritic cells reduces phosphorylation and activity of the protein-tyrosine kinase Pyk2, an effect that may also contribute to reduced migration of this subset. In a murine lymphedema model, galectin-1(-/-) animals had increased numbers of migratory dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes, specifically dendritic cells with an immunogenic phenotype. These findings define a novel role for galectin-1 in inhibiting tissue emigration of immunogenic, but not tolerogenic, dendritic cells, providing an additional mechanism by which galectin-1 can dampen immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thiemann
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Jeanette H Man
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Margaret H Chang
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and
| | - Benhur Lee
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and the Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Linda G Baum
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
During the past decade, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor immunity has provided the appropriate framework for the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Under this complex scenario, galectins have emerged as promising molecular targets for cancer therapy responsible of creating immunosuppressive microenvironments at sites of tumor growth and metastasis. Galectins, expressed in tumor, stromal, and endothelial cells, contribute to thwart the development of immune responses by favoring the expansion of T regulatory cells and contributing to their immunosuppressive activity, driving the differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells, limiting T cell viability, and maintaining T cell anergy. The emerging data promise a future scenario in which the selective blockade of individual members of the galectin family, either alone or in combination with other therapeutic regimens, will contribute to halt tumor progression by counteracting tumor-immune escape. Here we describe a selection of methods used to investigate the role of galectin-1 in tumor-immune escape.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lu J, Gu J. Significance of β-Galactoside α2,6 Sialyltranferase 1 in Cancers. Molecules 2015; 20:7509-27. [PMID: 25919275 PMCID: PMC6272632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glycosylation is a common feature of cancer cells. It takes a variety of forms, which includes loss of expression or excessive expression of some structures, the accumulation of precursors, the appearance of novel structures, etc. Notably, these changes in glycan structure do not occur as a random consequence of disorder biology. Only a limited subset of oligosaccharides is found frequently enriched on the tumor cell surface and implicated in different tumor phenotypes. Among these, altered sialylation has long been associated with metastatic cell behaviors such as invasion and enhanced cell survival and accumulating evidence points to the alteration occurring in the sialic acid linkage to other sugars, which normally exists in three main configurations: α2,3, α2,6, and α2,8, catalyzed by a group of sialyltransferases. The aberrant expression of all three configurations has been described in cancer progression. However, the increased α2,6 sialylation catalyzed by β-galactoside α2,6 sialyltranferase 1 (ST6Gal I) is frequently observed in many types of the cancers. In this review, we describe the findings on the role of ST6Gal I in cancer progression, and highlight in particular the knowledge of how ST6Gal I-mediated α2,6 sialylated glycans or sialylated carrier proteins regulate cell signaling to promote the malignant phenotype of human carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jishun Lu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Argüeso P, Mauris J, Uchino Y. Galectin-3 as a regulator of the epithelial junction: Implications to wound repair and cancer. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1026505. [PMID: 26451339 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1026505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are closely connected to each other and to the extracellular matrix by a set of adhesive contacts that provide tissues with unique barrier properties and play a prominent role in cell morphology, tissue physiology, and cell signaling. This review highlights advances made in understanding the contributions of galectin-3, a carbohydrate-binding protein with affinity toward β-galactosides, as a modulator of epithelial junction assembly and function. The interactions of galectin-3 within adhesive structures are discussed in relation to wound healing and tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Department of Ophthalmology ; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Jerome Mauris
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Department of Ophthalmology ; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Yuichi Uchino
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Department of Ophthalmology ; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Thiemann S, Man JH, Baum LG. Assessing the roles of galectins in regulating dendritic cell migration through extracellular matrix and across lymphatic endothelial cells. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1207:215-29. [PMID: 25253143 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1396-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte migration from the bloodstream into tissues, and from tissues to lymph nodes, depends on expression of specific adhesion and signaling molecules by vascular endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells. Tissue damage and microbial infection induce vascular endothelial cells to up-regulate expression of adhesion molecules to facilitate entry of several leukocyte populations from blood into tissues. Many of these cells then leave inflamed tissue and migrate to regional lymph nodes. A critical population that emigrates from inflamed tissue is dendritic cells. Dendritic cells in tissue have to migrate through extracellular matrix and across a layer of lymphatic endothelial cells to enter the lymphatic vasculature. Little is known about the adhesion molecules expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells or the processes required for the critical step of dendritic cell exit from tissues, specifically migration through the extracellular matrix and basal-to-apical migration across the lymphatic endothelial cell layer into lymphatic vasculature.Members of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins are expressed in both vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells. Dynamic changes in galectin expression during inflammation are known to regulate leukocyte tissue entry during inflammation. However, the roles of galectin family members expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells in leukocyte tissue exit remain to be explored.Here, we describe an in vitro transmigration assay that mimics dendritic cell tissue exit in the presence and absence of galectin protein. Fluorescently labeled human dendritic cell migration through extracellular matrix and across human lymphatic endothelial cells is examined in the presence and absence of recombinant human galectin protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thiemann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gene expression associated with intersterility in Heterobasidion. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 73:104-19. [PMID: 25459536 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intersterility (IS) is thought to prevent mating compatibility between homokaryons that belong to different species. Although IS in Heterobasidion is regulated by the genes located at the IS loci, it is not yet known how the IS genes influence sexual compatibility and heterokaryon formation. To increase our understanding of the molecular events underlying IS, we studied mRNA abundance changes during IS compatible and incompatible interactions over time. The clustering of the transcripts into expression profiles, followed by the application of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment pathway analysis of each of the clusters, allowed inference of biological processes participating in IS. These analyses identified events involved in mating and sexual development (i.e., linked with IS compatibility), which included processes associated with cell-cell adhesion and recognition, cell cycle control and signal transduction. We also identified events potentially involved in overriding mating between individuals belonging to different species (i.e., linked with IS incompatibility), which included reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, responses to stress (especially to oxidative stress), signal transduction and metabolic biosynthesis. Our findings thus enabled detection and characterization of gene expression changes associated with IS in Heterobasidion, as well as identification of important processes and pathways associated with this phenomenon. Overall, the results of this study increase current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underpinning IS in Heterobasidion and allowed for the establishment of a vital baseline for further studies.
Collapse
|
45
|
Wu TF, Li CF, Chien LH, Shen KH, Huang HY, Su CC, Liao AC. Galectin-1 dysregulation independently predicts disease specific survival in bladder urothelial carcinoma. J Urol 2014; 193:1002-8. [PMID: 25284818 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Galectin-1 is highly expressed in various tumors and participates in various oncogenic processes. Our previous proteomics investigation demonstrated that galectin-1 is up-regulated in high compared to nonhigh grade lesions. Thus, in the current cohort study we clarified the correlation of galectin-1 over expression with various clinicopathological features and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected 185 cases of consecutively treated primary localized bladder urothelial carcinoma for study. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed in all patients followed by radical cystectomy in those with T2 to T4 tumors. Pathological slides were examined to determine cytoplasmic galectin-1 immuno-expression and correlate galectin-1 dysregulation with various clinicopathological factors and disease specific survival. RESULTS Positive galectin-1 immuno-expression in tumors was significantly linked to pT status (p = 0.0295), histological grade (p = 0.037), vascular invasion (p = 0.0287) and nodal status (p = 0.0012). Galectin-1 over expression in tumors significantly predicted disease specific survival at the univariate (p = 0.0002) and multivariate levels (p = 0.03, HR 2.438, 95% CI 1.090-5.451). In situ hybridization indicated that the LGALS1 gene was amplified in 43 specimens in an independent cohort of 56 snap frozen tumor specimens. Association analysis showed that an increased LGALS1 mRNA level was linked to bladder urothelial carcinoma invasiveness (p = 0.016) and LGALS1 gene amplification was significantly associated the amount of GAL-1 protein in tumors (p <0.0001). On the univariate level gene amplification was also closely linked to disease specific survival (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that galectin-1 over expression is a possible independent factor for bladder cancer prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Feng Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lan-Hsiang Chien
- Department of Urology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kun-Hung Shen
- Department of Urology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hsuan-Ying Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Cheng Su
- Department of Urology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Alex C Liao
- Department of Urology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Petropolis DB, Faust DM, Deep Jhingan G, Guillen N. A new human 3D-liver model unravels the role of galectins in liver infection by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004381. [PMID: 25211477 PMCID: PMC4161482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of human parasitic diseases depend on the availability of appropriate in vivo animal models and ex vivo experimental systems, and are particularly difficult for pathogens whose exclusive natural hosts are humans, such as Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite responsible for amoebiasis. This common infectious human disease affects the intestine and liver. In the liver sinusoids E. histolytica crosses the endothelium and penetrates into the parenchyma, with the concomitant initiation of inflammatory foci and subsequent abscess formation. Studying factors responsible for human liver infection is hampered by the complexity of the hepatic environment and by the restrictions inherent to the use of human samples. Therefore, we built a human 3D-liver in vitro model composed of cultured liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes in a 3D collagen-I matrix sandwich. We determined the presence of important hepatic markers and demonstrated that the cell layers function as a biological barrier. E. histolytica invasion was assessed using wild-type strains and amoebae with altered virulence or different adhesive properties. We showed for the first time the dependence of endothelium crossing upon amoebic Gal/GalNAc lectin. The 3D-liver model enabled the molecular analysis of human cell responses, suggesting for the first time a crucial role of human galectins in parasite adhesion to the endothelial cells, which was confirmed by siRNA knockdown of galectin-1. Levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including galectin-1 and -3, were highly increased upon contact of E. histolytica with the 3D-liver model. The presence of galectin-1 and -3 in the extracellular medium stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine release, suggesting a further role for human galectins in the onset of the hepatic inflammatory response. These new findings are relevant for a better understanding of human liver infection by E. histolytica. The study of liver infection is based on animal models, but the animal physiology does not always reflect the reality of the human host. This is particularly true for pathogens whose exclusive natural hosts are humans, such as Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite responsible for amoebiasis. Here, we constructed an experimental human 3D-liver model able to reproduce the first steps of amoebic hepatic infection (barrier crossing, tissue migration and pro-inflammatory reaction). Using this 3D-liver model we were able to decipher the first stages of hepatic invasion by E. histolytica and to unravel the role played by galectin-1 and galectin-3 during amoebic hepatic adhesion and pro-inflammatory reaction. Moreover, the model enables analysis usually not possible with in vivo samples, such as the quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines released inside the tissue microenvironment. Our 3D-liver model has the potential to bridge the gap between animal models and the reality of the human host for the study of amoebic infection and other infectious diseases of the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora B Petropolis
- Institut Pasteur, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, Paris, France; INSERM U786, Paris, France
| | - Daniela M Faust
- Institut Pasteur, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, Paris, France; INSERM U786, Paris, France
| | - Gagan Deep Jhingan
- National Institute of Immunology, Signal Transduction Lab-1 Department, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nancy Guillen
- Institut Pasteur, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, Paris, France; INSERM U786, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aiming at the sweet side of cancer: Aberrant glycosylation as possible target for personalized-medicine. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
48
|
Mirandola L, Nguyen DD, Rahman RL, Grizzi F, Yuefei Y, Figueroa JA, Jenkins MR, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M. Anti-galectin-3 therapy: a new chance for multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer? Int Rev Immunol 2014; 33:417-27. [PMID: 24801755 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.911855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the role of Galectins in the molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer, with a special focus on Glectin-3. Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy worldwide. Because the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma is still incompletely understood, there is no ultimately effective cure, and this cancer results fatal. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide. Due to the lack of screening techniques for early detection, patients are mostly diagnosed with advanced disease, which results ultimately fatal. Multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer have different biologies, but they share a strong dependence on adhesion with extracellular matrix and other cells. Galectin-3 plays a key role in regulating such adhesive abilities of tumor cells. Here we discuss the outcomes and possible mechanism of action of a truncated, dominant negative form of Galectin-3, Galectin-3C, in these malignancies. Overall, we report that Galectin-3C is a promising new compound for effective adjuvant therapies in advanced, refractory multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mirandola
- 1Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tang D, Zhang J, Yuan Z, Gao J, Wang S, Ye N, Li P, Gao S, Miao Y, Wang D, Jiang K. Pancreatic satellite cells derived galectin-1 increase the progression and less survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90476. [PMID: 24595374 PMCID: PMC3942444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-1, a member of carbohydrate-binding proteins with a polyvalent function on tumor progression, was found strongly expressed in pancreatic satellite cells (PSCs), which partner in crime with cancer cells and promote the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We evaluated the effects of PSCs derived Galectin-1 on the progression of PDAC, as well as the tumor establishment and development in mouse xenografts. METHODS The relationship between immunohistochemistry staining intensity of Galectin-1 and clinicopathologic variables were assessed in 66 PDAC tissues, 18 chronic pancreatitis tissues and 10 normal controls. The roles of PSCs isolated from PDAC and normal pancreas on the proliferative activity, MMP2 and MMP9 expression, and the invasion of CFPAC-1 in the co-cultured system, as well as on the tumor establishment and development in mouse xenografts by mixed implanting with CFPAC-1 subcutaneously were evaluated. RESULTS Galectin-1 expression was gradually increased from normal pancreas (negative), chronic pancreatitis (weak) to PDAC (strong), in which Galectin-1 expression was also increased from well, moderately to poorly differentiated PDAC. Galectin-1 staining intensity of pancreatic cancer tissue was associated with increase in tumor size, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion and differentiation and UICC stage, and served as the independent prognostic indicator of poor survival of pancreatic cancer. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that TGF-β1 upregulated Galectin-1 expression in PSCs, which could further promotes the proliferative activity, MMP2 and MMP9 expression, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, as well as the tumor establishment and growth. CONCLUSION Galectin-1 expression in stromal cells of pancreatic cancer suggests that this protein plays a role in the promotion of cancer cells invasion and metastasis and provides a therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingqiu Zhang
- Department of Digestive System, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongxu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui no. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nianyuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Digestive System, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (DW); (KJ)
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (DW); (KJ)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit striking changes in cell surface glycosylation as a consequence of dysregulated glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. In particular, an increase in the expression of certain sialylated glycans is a prominent feature of many transformed cells. Altered sialylation has long been associated with metastatic cell behaviors including invasion and enhanced cell survival; however, there is limited information regarding the molecular details of how distinct sialylated structures or sialylated carrier proteins regulate cell signaling to control responses such as adhesion/migration or resistance to specific apoptotic pathways. The goal of this review is to highlight selected examples of sialylated glycans for which there is some knowledge of molecular mechanisms linking aberrant sialylation to critical processes involved in metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schultz
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 982A 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|