1
|
Bess SN, Igoe MJ, Denison AC, Muldoon TJ. Autofluorescence imaging of endogenous metabolic cofactors in response to cytokine stimulation of classically activated macrophages. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:22. [PMID: 37957679 PMCID: PMC10644562 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are one of the most prevalent subsets of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment and perform a range of functions depending on the cytokines and chemokines released by surrounding cells and tissues. Recent research has revealed that macrophages can exhibit a spectrum of phenotypes, making them highly plastic due to their ability to alter their physiology in response to environmental cues. Recent advances in examining heterogeneous macrophage populations include optical metabolic imaging, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), and multiphoton microscopy. However, the method of detection for these systems is reliant upon the coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD, which can be affected by factors other than cytoplasmic metabolic changes. In this study, we seek to validate these optical measures of metabolism by comparing optical results to more standard methods of evaluating cellular metabolism, such as extracellular flux assays and the presence of metabolic intermediates. METHODS Here, we used autofluorescence imaging of endogenous metabolic co-factors via multiphoton microscopy and FLIM in conjunction with oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate through Seahorse extracellular flux assays to detect changes in cellular metabolism in quiescent and classically activated macrophages in response to cytokine stimulation. RESULTS Based on our Seahorse XFP flux analysis, M0 and M1 macrophages exhibit comparable trends in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Autofluorescence imaging of M0 and M1 macrophages was not only able to show acute changes in the optical redox ratio from pre-differentiation (0 hours) to 72 hours post-cytokine differentiation (M0: 0.320 to 0.258 and M1: 0.316 to 0.386), mean NADH lifetime (M0: 1.272 ns to 1.379 ns and M1: 1.265 ns to 1.206 ns), and A1/A2 ratio (M0: 3.452 to ~ 4 and M1: 3.537 to 4.529) but could also detect heterogeneity within each macrophage population. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings of this study suggest that autofluorescence metabolic imaging could be a reliable technique for longitudinal tracking of immune cell metabolism during activation post-cytokine stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby N Bess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Matthew J Igoe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Abby C Denison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Timothy J Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva Couto P, Molina SA, O'Sullivan D, O'Neill L, Lyness AM, Rafiq QA. Understanding the impact of bioactive coating materials for human mesenchymal stromal cells and implications for manufacturing. Biotechnol Lett 2023:10.1007/s10529-023-03369-9. [PMID: 37227598 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive materials interact with cells and modulate their characteristics which enable the generation of cell-based products with desired specifications. However, their evaluation and impact are often overlooked when establishing a cell therapy manufacturing process. In this study, we investigated the role of different surfaces for tissue culture including, untreated polystyrene surface, uncoated Cyclic Olefin Polymer (COP) and COP coated with collagen and recombinant fibronectin. It was observed that human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) expanded on COP-coated plates with different bioactive materials resulted in improved cell growth kinetics compared to traditional polystyrene plates and non-coated COP plates. The doubling time obtained was 2.78 and 3.02 days for hMSC seeded in COP plates coated with collagen type I and recombinant fibronectin respectively, and 4.64 days for cells plated in standard polystyrene treated plates. Metabolite analysis reinforced the findings of the growth kinetic studies, specifically that cells cultured on COP plates coated with collagen I and fibronectin exhibited improved growth as evidenced by a higher lactate production rate (9.38 × 105 and 9.67 × 105 pmol/cell/day, respectively) compared to cells from the polystyrene group (5.86 × 105 pmol/cell/day). This study demonstrated that COP is an effective alternative to polystyrene-treated plates when coated with bioactive materials such as collagen and fibronectin, however COP-treated plates without additional coatings were found not to be sufficient to support cell growth. These findings demonstrate the key role biomaterials play in the cell manufacturing process and the importance of optimising this selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silva Couto
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Samuel A Molina
- Applied Research & Technology Scouting R&D, West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc., Exton, PA, USA
| | - Denis O'Sullivan
- TheraDep, Questum, Ballingarrane, Clonmel, Co., Tipperary, Ireland
| | - Liam O'Neill
- TheraDep, Questum, Ballingarrane, Clonmel, Co., Tipperary, Ireland
| | - Alexander M Lyness
- Applied Research & Technology Scouting R&D, West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc., Exton, PA, USA
| | - Qasim A Rafiq
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sifat AE, Nozohouri S, Archie SR, Chowdhury EA, Abbruscato TJ. Brain Energy Metabolism in Ischemic Stroke: Effects of Smoking and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158512. [PMID: 35955647 PMCID: PMC9369264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of energy metabolism in the brain is crucial for maintaining brain activity in physiological and different pathophysiological conditions. Ischemic stroke has a complex pathophysiology which includes perturbations in the brain energy metabolism processes which can contribute to worsening of brain injury and stroke outcome. Smoking and diabetes are common risk factors and comorbid conditions for ischemic stroke which have also been associated with disruptions in brain energy metabolism. Simultaneous presence of these conditions may further alter energy metabolism in the brain leading to a poor clinical prognosis after an ischemic stroke event. In this review, we discuss the possible effects of smoking and/or diabetes on brain glucose utilization and mitochondrial energy metabolism which, when present concurrently, may exacerbate energy metabolism in the ischemic brain. More research is needed to investigate brain glucose utilization and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in ischemic stroke in the presence of smoking and/or diabetes, which would provide further insights on the pathophysiology of these comorbid conditions and facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Garrett LR, Niccoli T. Frontotemporal Dementia and Glucose Metabolism. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:812222. [PMID: 35281504 PMCID: PMC8906510 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.812222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), hallmarked by antero-temporal degeneration in the human brain, is the second most common early onset dementia. FTD is a diverse disease with three main clinical presentations, four different identified proteinopathies and many disease-associated genes. The exact pathophysiology of FTD remains to be elucidated. One common characteristic all forms of FTD share is the dysregulation of glucose metabolism in patients’ brains. The brain consumes around 20% of the body’s energy supply and predominantly utilizes glucose as a fuel. Glucose metabolism dysregulation could therefore be extremely detrimental for neuronal health. Research into the association between glucose metabolism and dementias has recently gained interest in Alzheimer’s disease. FTD also presents with glucose metabolism dysregulation, however, this remains largely an unexplored area. A better understanding of the link between FTD and glucose metabolism may yield further insight into FTD pathophysiology and aid the development of novel therapeutics. Here we review our current understanding of FTD and glucose metabolism in the brain and discuss the evidence of impaired glucose metabolism in FTD. Lastly, we review research potentially suggesting a causal relationship between FTD proteinopathies and impaired glucose metabolism in FTD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mantripragada VP, Kaplevatsky R, Bova WA, Boehm C, Obuchowski NA, Midura RJ, Muschler GF. Influence of Glucose Concentration on Colony-Forming Efficiency and Biological Performance of Primary Human Tissue-Derived Progenitor Cells. Cartilage 2021; 13:95S-106S. [PMID: 32100548 PMCID: PMC8804831 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520906605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose concentrations used in current cell culture methods are a significant departure from physiological glucose levels. The study focuses on comparing the effects of glucose concentrations on primary human progenitors (connective tissue progenitors [CTPs]) used for cartilage repair. DESIGN Cartilage- (Outerbridge grade 1, 2, 3; superficial and deep zone cartilage), infrapatellar fatpad-, synovium-, and periosteum-derived cells were obtained from 63 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and cultured simultaneously in fresh chondrogenic media containing 25 mM glucose (HGL) or 5 mM glucose (NGL) for pairwise comparison. Automated ASTM-based quantitative image analysis was used to determine colony-forming efficiency (CFE), effective proliferation rates (EPR), and sulfated-proteoglycan (GAG-ECM) staining of the CTPs across tissue sources. RESULTS HGL resulted in increased cell cultures with CFE = 0 compared with NGL in all tissue sources (P = 0.049). The CFE in NGL was higher than HGL for superficial cartilage (P < 0.001), and contrary for synovium-derived CTPs (P = 0.046) when CFE > 0. EPR of the CTPs did not differ between the media in the 6-day assay time period (P = 0.082). The GAG-ECM area of the CTPs and their progeny was increased in presence of HGL (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION Glucose concentration is critical to progenitor's physiology and should be taken into account in the setting of protocols for clinical or in vitro cell expansion strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata P. Mantripragada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,Venkata P. Mantripragada, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid
Avenue, ND3-30, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | | | - Wes A. Bova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia Boehm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nancy A. Obuchowski
- Department of Quantitative Health
Science, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald J. Midura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George F. Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andor N, Altrock PM, Jain N, Gomes AP. Tipping cancer cells over the edge: the context-dependent cost of high ploidy. Cancer Res 2021; 82:741-748. [PMID: 34785577 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tetraploidy is an aneuploidy-permissive condition that can fuel tumorgenesis. The tip-over hypothesis of cytotoxic therapy-sensitivity proposes that therapy is effective if it pushes a cell's aneuploidy above a viable tipping point. But elevated aneuploidy alone may not account for this tipping point. Tissue micro-environments (TMEs) that lack sufficient resources to support tetraploid cells can explain the fitness cost of aneuploidy. Raw materials needed to generate deoxynucleotides, the building blocks of DNA, are candidate rate-limiting factors for the evolution of high-ploidy cancer cells. Understanding the resource cost of high ploidy is key to uncover its therapeutic vulnerabilities across tissue sites with versatile energy supplies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Andor
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center
| | - Philipp M Altrock
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology
| | | | - Ana P Gomes
- Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Comparison of Pluripotency, Differentiation, and Mitochondrial Metabolism Capacity in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Formation of Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5540877. [PMID: 34337022 PMCID: PMC8294966 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5540877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are valuable candidates in tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapy. Traditionally, MSCs derived from various tissues have been successfully expanded in vitro using adherent culture plates commonly called as monolayer two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Recently, many studies demonstrated that stemness and multilineage differentiation potential could be enhanced to greater extent when MSCs are cultured as suspended aggregates by means of three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques. However, there are limited reports on changed mitochondrial metabolism on 3D spheroid formation of MSCs. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the stemness, differentiation potential, and mitochondrial metabolism capacity of 3D dental pulp-derived MSC (DPSC) spheroids in comparison to monolayer cultured DPSCs. We isolated dental pulp-derived MSCs (DPSCs) and successfully developed a 3D culture system which facilitated the formation of MSC spheroids. The cell aggregation was observed after 2 hours, and spheroids were formed after 24 hours and remained in shape for 72 hours. After spheroid formation, the levels of pluripotent markers increased along with enhancement in adipogenic and osteogenic potential compared to 2D cultured control cells. However, decreased proliferative capacity, cell cycle arrest, and elevated apoptosis rate were observed with the time course of the 3D culture except for the initial 24-hour aggregation. Furthermore, oxygen consumption rates of living cells decreased with the time course of the aggregation except for the initial 24 hours. Overall, our study indicated that the short-term 3D culture of MSCs could be a suitable alternative to culture the cells.
Collapse
|
8
|
ROS and metabolomics-mediated autophagy in rat's testicular tissue alter after exercise training; Evidence for exercise intensity and outcomes. Life Sci 2021; 277:119585. [PMID: 33957169 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative damage and altered metabolic reactions are suspected to initiate the autophagy. The exercise training significantly impacts testicular antioxidant and metabolic potentials. However, the underlying mechanism(s) that the exercise-induced alterations can affect the autophagy markers remained unknown. This study explored the effect of exercise training on antioxidant and metabolic statuses of testicular tissue and uncovered the possible cross-link between these statuses and autophagy-inducers expression. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were divided into sedentary control, low (LICT), moderate (MICT), and high (HICT) intensity continuous training groups. Following 8 weeks of training, the testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), glutathione (GSH), and NADP+/NADPH as oxidative biomarkers along with intracytoplasmic carbohydrate and lipid droplet patterns, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and lactate as metabolic elements were assessed. Finally, the autophagy-inducers expression and sperm count were examined. KEY FINDINGS With no significant impact on the oxidative biomarkers and metabolic elements, the LICT and MICT groups exhibited statistically unremarkable (p < 0.05) impacts on spermatogenesis differentiation, spermiogenesis ratio, and sperm count while increased the autophagy-inducers expression. Reversely, the HICT group, simultaneous with suppressing the antioxidant biomarkers (TAC↓, GSH↓, TOS↑, NADP+/NADPH↑), significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the testicular LDH activity and lactate level, changed the intracytoplasmic carbohydrate and lipid droplet's pattern, and amplified the classical autophagy-inducers p62, Beclin-1, autophagy-related gene (ATG)-7, and light chain 3 (LC3)-II/I expression. SIGNIFICANCE The autophagy-inducers overexpression has occurred after HICT induction, most probably to eliminate the oxidative damage cargoes, while increased to maintain the metabolic homeostasis in the LICT and MICT groups.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mitochondrial metabolism assessment of lycaon-dog fetuses in interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer. Theriogenology 2021; 165:18-27. [PMID: 33611171 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is considered the prominent method in preserving endangered animals. However, the development rate of iSCNT embryos is low, and there are limited studies on the molecular mechanism of the iSCNT process. This study evaluated the developmental potential of interspecies lycaon (Lycaon pictus)-dog embryos and assessed the mitochondrial content and metabolism of the produced cloned lycaon-dog fetus. Of 678 collected oocytes, 516 were subjected to nuclear transfer, and 419 reconstructed embryos with male lycaon fibroblasts were transferred into 27 surrogates. Of 720 oocytes, 568 were subjected to nuclear transfer and 469 reconstructed embryos with female lycaon fibroblasts were transferred into 31 surrogates. Two recipients who received female reconstructed embryos were identified as pregnant at 30 days. However, fetal retardation with no cardiac activity was observed at 46 days. Microsatellite analysis confirmed that the cloned lycaon-dog fetus was genetically identical to the lycaon donor cell, whereas mitochondrial sequencing analysis revealed that oocyte donor dogs transmitted their mtDNA. We assessed the oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial content of the aborted lycaon-dog fetus to shed some light on the aborted fetus's cellular metabolism. The oxygen consumption rates in the lycaon-dog fetal fibroblasts were lower than those in adult dog, lycaon and cloned dog fetal fibroblasts. Furthermore, lycaon-dog fetal fibroblasts showed decreased proportions of live and active mitochondria compared with other groups. Overall, we hypothesized that nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibility affects pyruvate metabolism and that these processes cause intrauterine fetal death.
Collapse
|
10
|
Karamahmutoglu H, Altay A, Vural S, Elitas M. Quantitative Investigation into the influence of intravenous fluids on human immune and cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11792. [PMID: 32678120 PMCID: PMC7366617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of intravenous fluids (IVF) has been investigated clinically through the assessment of post-treatment reactions. However, the responses to IVF vary from patient-to-patient. It is important to understand the response of IVF treatment to be able to provide optimal IVF care. Herein, we investigated the impact of commonly used IVFs, Dextrose, NaCl and Ringer on different human cancer (HepG2 (liver hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma)) and immune cell lines (U937 (lymphoma) monocyte and macrophages). The effect of IVF exposure on single cells was characterized using hemocytometer, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Quantitative data on the viability and morphology of the cells were obtained. Our results emphasize that different IVFs demonstrate important differences in how they influence distinct cell lines. Particularly, we observed that the lactated ringer and dextrose solutions altered the viability and nuclear size of cancer and immune cells differently. Our findings present valuable information to the knowledge of cellular-level IVF effects for further investigations in IVF usage on diverse patient populations and support the importance and necessity of developing optimal diluents not only for drug stability but also for patient benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Karamahmutoglu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Alara Altay
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Sumeyra Vural
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Meltem Elitas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mansur RB, Lee Y, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. What is bipolar disorder? A disease model of dysregulated energy expenditure. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:529-545. [PMID: 32305381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding and management of bipolar disorder (BD) have been slow to emerge. Despite notable recent developments in neurosciences, our conceptualization of the nature of this mental disorder has not meaningfully progressed. One of the key reasons for this scenario is the continuing lack of a comprehensive disease model. Within the increasing complexity of modern research methods, there is a clear need for an overarching theoretical framework, in which findings are assimilated and predictions are generated. In this review and hypothesis article, we propose such a framework, one in which dysregulated energy expenditure is a primary, sufficient cause for BD. Our proposed model is centered on the disruption of the molecular and cellular network regulating energy production and expenditure, as well its potential secondary adaptations and compensatory mechanisms. We also focus on the putative longitudinal progression of this pathological process, considering its most likely periods for onset, such as critical periods that challenges energy homeostasis (e.g. neurodevelopment, social isolation), and the resulting short and long-term phenotypical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Kingston General Hospital, Providence Care Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sadeghi N, Erfani-Majd N, Tavalaee M, Tabandeh MR, Drevet JR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Signs of ROS-Associated Autophagy in Testis and Sperm in a Rat Model of Varicocele. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5140383. [PMID: 32351674 PMCID: PMC7174931 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5140383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since autophagy was suspected to occur in the pathological situation of varicocele (VCL), we have attempted to confirm it here using a surgical model of varicocele-induced rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups (varicocele/sham/control) and analyzed two months after the induction of varicocele. Testicular tissue sections and epididymal mature sperm were then monitored for classic features of varicocele, including disturbance of spermatogenesis, impaired testicular carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis, decreased sperm count, increased sperm nuclear immaturity and DNA damage, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. At the same time, we evaluated the Atg7 protein content and LC3-II/LC3-1 protein ratio in testis and mature sperm cells, two typical markers of early and late cellular autophagy, respectively. We report here that testis and mature sperm show higher signs of autophagy in the varicocele group than in the control and sham groups, probably to try to mitigate the consequences of VCL on the testis and germ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Sadeghi
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Naeem Erfani-Majd
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad R. Tabandeh
- Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Joël R. Drevet
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, CRBC Building, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mohammad H. Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dubey SK, Lakshmi KK, Krishna KV, Agrawal M, Singhvi G, Saha RN, Saraf S, Saraf S, Shukla R, Alexander A. Insulin mediated novel therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2020; 249:117540. [PMID: 32165212 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is one of the leading causes of death in the USA, along with cancer and cardiac disorders. AD is characterized by various neurological factors like amyloid plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, acetylcholine deficiency, etc. Together, impaired insulin signaling in the brain is also observed as essential factor to be considered in AD pathophysiology. Hence, currently researchers focused on studying the effect of brain insulin metabolism and relation of diabetes with AD. Based on the investigations, AD is also considered as type 3 or brain diabetes. Besides the traditional view of correlating AD with aging, a better understanding of various pathological factors and effects of other physical ailments is necessary to develop a promising therapeutic approach. There is a vast scope of studying the relation of systemic insulin level, insulin signaling, its neuroprotective potency and effect of diabetes on AD progression. The present work describes worldwide status of AD and its relation with diabetes mellitus and insulin metabolism; pathophysiology of AD; different metabolic pathways associating insulin metabolism with AD; insulin receptor and signaling in the brain; glucose metabolism; insulin resistance; and various preclinical and clinical studies reported insulin-based therapies to treat AD via systemic route and through direct intranasal delivery to the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - K K Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490 024, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayana Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R), New Transit Campus, Bijnor Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup-781125, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Almahmoud S, Jin W, Geng L, Wang J, Wang X, Vennerstrom JL, Zhong HA. Ligand-based design of GLUT inhibitors as potential antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115395. [PMID: 32113844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transporters (GLUTs) regulate glucose uptake and are often overexpressed in several human tumors. To identify new chemotypes targeting GLUT1, we built a pharmacophore model and searched against a NCI compound database. Sixteen hit molecules with good docking scores were screened for GLUT1 inhibition and antiproliferative activities. From these, we identified that compounds 2, 5, 6 and 13 inhibited the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and that the IC50s of 2 and 6 are<10 µM concentration in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line. Lead compound 13 (NSC295720) was a GLUT1 inhibitor. Docking studies show that GLUT1 residues Phe291, Phe379, Glu380, Trp388, and Trp412 were important for inhibitor binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Almahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12(th) Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Liying Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12(th) Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12(th) Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Jonathan L Vennerstrom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park DW, Jeon H, So R, Kang SC. Centella asiatica extract prevents visual impairment by promoting the production of rhodopsin in the retina. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:203-217. [PMID: 32528628 PMCID: PMC7263902 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Centella asiatica, also known as Gotu kola, is a tropical medicinal plant native to Madagascar, Southeast Asia, and South Africa. It is well known to have biological activities, including wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of extracts of C. asiatica against age-related eye degeneration and to examine their physiological activities. MATERIALS/METHODS To determine the effects of CA-HE50 (C. asiatica 50% EtOH extract) on retinal pigment cells, we assessed the cytotoxicity of CoCl2 and oxidized-A2E in ARPE-19 cells and observed the protective effects of CA-HE50 against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced retinal damage in C57BL/6 mice. In particular, we measured factors related to apoptosis and anti-oxidation and the protein levels of rhodopsin/opsin. We also measured glucose uptake to characterize glucose metabolism, a major factor in cell protection. RESULTS Induction of cytotoxicity with CoCl2 and oxidized-A2E inhibited decreases in the viability of ARPE-19 cells when CA-HE50 was administered, and promoted glucose uptake under normal conditions (P < 0.05). In addition, CA-HE50 inhibited degeneration/apoptosis of the retina in the context of MNU-induced toxicity (P < 0.05). In particular, CA-HE50 at 200 mg/kg inhibited the cleavage of pro-caspase-3 and pro-poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase and maintained the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 similar to normal control levels. Rhodopsin/opsin expression was maintained at a higher level than in normal controls. CONCLUSION A series of experiments confirmed that CA-HE50 was effective for inhibiting or preventing age-related eye damage/degeneration. Based on these results, we believe it is worthwhile to develop drugs or functional foods related to age-related eye degeneration using CA-HE50.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hyelin Jeon
- Research Institute, Genencell Co. Ltd., Yongin 16950, Korea.,BioMedical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Rina So
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.,BioMedical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mitochondrial dysfunction is the cause of one of the earliest changes seen on magnetic resonance imaging in Charcot neuroarthopathy - Oedema of the small muscles in the foot. Med Hypotheses 2019; 134:109439. [PMID: 31644972 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis laid out in this thesis states that the early changes seen on an MR imaging in those with early Charcot neuroarthopathy may be due to mitochondrial dysfunction. In a Charcot foot, there is movement between bones. In an attempt to prevent this movement, the small muscles of the foot contract continuously when the foot is weight bearing. This contraction takes energy in the form of ATP. However, the reduction of glucose transport into the muscle cells due to insulin resistance / insufficiency, leads to reduction in the ATP producing capacity of the mitochondria. The ATP depletion affects the cell membrane gradient leading to mitochondrial and cellular swelling. These early cellular changes could then be picked up with MR imaging as muscle oedema.
Collapse
|
17
|
Malekpour-Dehkordi Z, Teimourian S, Nourbakhsh M, Naghiaee Y, Sharifi R, Mohiti-Ardakani J. Metformin reduces fibrosis factors in insulin resistant and hypertrophied adipocyte via integrin/ERK, collagen VI, apoptosis, and necrosis reduction. Life Sci 2019; 233:116682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
18
|
Malekpour-Dehkordi Z, Mohiti-Ardakani J, Nourbakhsh M, Teimourian S, Naghiaee Y, Hemati M, Jafary F. Gene expression profile evaluation of integrins in 3T3-L1 cells differentiated to adipocyte, insulin resistant and hypertrophied cells. Gene 2019; 710:406-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
19
|
Singh K, Lee ME, Entezari M, Jung CH, Kim Y, Park Y, Fioretti JD, Huh WK, Park HO, Kang PJ. Genome-Wide Studies of Rho5-Interacting Proteins That Are Involved in Oxidant-Induced Cell Death in Budding Yeast. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:921-931. [PMID: 30670610 PMCID: PMC6404601 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases play critical roles in cell proliferation and cell death in many species. As in animal cells, cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergo regulated cell death under various physiological conditions and upon exposure to external stress. The Rho5 GTPase is necessary for oxidant-induced cell death, and cells expressing a constitutively active GTP-locked Rho5 are hypersensitive to oxidants. Yet how Rho5 regulates yeast cell death has been poorly understood. To identify genes that are involved in the Rho5-mediated cell death program, we performed two complementary genome-wide screens: one screen for oxidant-resistant deletion mutants and another screen for Rho5-associated proteins. Functional enrichment and interaction network analysis revealed enrichment for genes in pathways related to metabolism, transport, and plasma membrane organization. In particular, we find that ATG21, which is known to be involved in the CVT (Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting) pathway and mitophagy, is necessary for cell death induced by oxidants. Cells lacking Atg21 exhibit little cell death upon exposure to oxidants even when the GTP-locked Rho5 is expressed. Moreover, Atg21 interacts with Rho5 preferentially in its GTP-bound state, suggesting that Atg21 is a downstream target of Rho5 in oxidant-induced cell death. Given the high degree of conservation of Rho GTPases and autophagy from yeast to human, this study may provide insight into regulated cell death in eukaryotes in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komudi Singh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mid Eum Lee
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Maryam Entezari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hun Jung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Yeonsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jack D Fioretti
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hay-Oak Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Pil Jung Kang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Descovi SN, Zanella R, Prestes OD, de Matos AF, da Silva AS, Baldisserotto B, Gris A, Mendes RE. Disturbance of energetic homeostasis and oxidative damage provoked by trichlorfon as relevant toxicological mechanisms using silver catfish as experimental model. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 299:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
Shukla SK, Mulder SE, Singh PK. Hypoxia-Mediated In Vivo Tumor Glucose Uptake Measurement and Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1742:107-113. [PMID: 29330794 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7665-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most solid tumors are hypoxic in nature due to the limited supply of oxygen to internal tissues. Hypoxia plays an important role in metabolic adaptations of tumors that contribute significantly to cancer pathogenesis. Among the several metabolic alterations induced by hypoxia, hypoxia-mediated increased glucose uptake serves as the hallmark of metabolic reprogramming. Hypoxia-mediated stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) transcription factor leads to altered expression of several glycolytic genes and glucose transporters, which results in increased glucose uptake by tumor cells. Here we describe an easy and simple way of measuring the hypoxia-mediated tumor glucose uptake in vivo. The method is based on fluorescent imaging probe, RediJect 2-DG, which is a nonradioactive fluorescent-tagged glucose molecule. We have discussed orthotopic tumor implantation of HIF-1α knockdown and control pancreatic cancer cells and glucose uptake measurement in vivo by using IVIS imaging system along with reagent preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra K Shukla
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Scott E Mulder
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sperling S, Aung T, Martin S, Rohde V, Ninkovic M. Riluzole: a potential therapeutic intervention in human brain tumor stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96697-96709. [PMID: 29228563 PMCID: PMC5722515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A small subpopulation of tumor stem-like cells has the capacity to initiate tumors and mediate radio- and chemoresistance in diverse cancers hence also in glioblastoma (GBM). It has been reported that this capacity of tumor initiation in the brain is mainly dependent on the body's nutrient supply. This population of so-called brain tumor initiating or brain tumor stem-like cells (BTSCs) is able to extract nutrients like glucose with a higher affinity. Riluzole, a drug approved for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), was reported to possess anticancer properties, affecting the glutamate metabolism. We report that riluzole treatment inhibits the growth of brain tumor stem-like cells enriched cultures isolated from two human glioblastomas. The effects of riluzole on these cells were associated with an inhibition of a poor prognostic indicator: glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). A decrease in GLUT3 is associated with a decrease in the p-Akt/HIF1α pathway. Further, downregulation of the DNA (Cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene that causes hypermethylation of various tumor-suppressor genes and leads to a poor prognosis in GBM, was detected. Two hallmarks of cancer cells-proliferation and cell death-were positively influenced by riluzole treatment. Finally, we observed that riluzole reduced the tumor growth in in vivo CAM assay, suggesting it could be a possible synergistic drug for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swetlana Sperling
- The Translational Neurooncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thiha Aung
- Center of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Veit Rohde
- The Translational Neurooncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Milena Ninkovic
- The Translational Neurooncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Häuslein I, Cantet F, Reschke S, Chen F, Bonazzi M, Eisenreich W. Multiple Substrate Usage of Coxiella burnetii to Feed a Bipartite Metabolic Network. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:285. [PMID: 28706879 PMCID: PMC5489692 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Coxiella burnetii causes Q-fever and is classified as a category B bio-weapon. Exploiting the development of the axenic growth medium ACCM-2, we have now used 13C-labeling experiments and isotopolog profiling to investigate the highly diverse metabolic network of C. burnetii. To this aim, C. burnetii RSA 439 NMII was cultured in ACCM-2 containing 5 mM of either [U-13C3]serine, [U-13C6]glucose, or [U-13C3]glycerol until the late-logarithmic phase. GC/MS-based isotopolog profiling of protein-derived amino acids, methanol-soluble polar metabolites, fatty acids, and cell wall components (e.g., diaminopimelate and sugars) from the labeled bacteria revealed differential incorporation rates and isotopolog profiles. These data served to decipher the diverse usages of the labeled substrates and the relative carbon fluxes into the core metabolism of the pathogen. Whereas, de novo biosynthesis from any of these substrates could not be found for histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline and valine, the other amino acids and metabolites under study acquired 13C-label at specific rates depending on the nature of the tracer compound. Glucose was directly used for cell wall biosynthesis, but was also converted into pyruvate (and its downstream metabolites) through the glycolytic pathway or into erythrose 4-phosphate (e.g., for the biosynthesis of tyrosine) via the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Glycerol efficiently served as a gluconeogenetic substrate and could also be used via phosphoenolpyruvate and diaminopimelate as a major carbon source for cell wall biosynthesis. In contrast, exogenous serine was mainly utilized in downstream metabolic processes, e.g., via acetyl-CoA in a complete citrate cycle with fluxes in the oxidative direction and as a carbon feed for fatty acid biosynthesis. In summary, the data reflect multiple and differential substrate usages by C. burnetii in a bipartite-type metabolic network, resembling the overall topology of the related pathogen Legionella pneumophila. These strategies could benefit the metabolic capacities of the pathogens also as a trait to adapt for replication under intracellular conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Häuslein
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität MünchenGarching, Germany
| | - Franck Cantet
- IRIM-UMR 9004, Infectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMontpellier, France
| | - Sarah Reschke
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität MünchenGarching, Germany
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität MünchenGarching, Germany
| | - Matteo Bonazzi
- IRIM-UMR 9004, Infectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMontpellier, France
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität MünchenGarching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Häuslein I, Manske C, Goebel W, Eisenreich W, Hilbi H. Pathway analysis using13C-glycerol and other carbon tracers reveals a bipartite metabolism ofLegionella pneumophila. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:229-46. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Häuslein
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Christian Manske
- Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Werner Goebel
- Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität; Munich Germany
| | | | - Hubert Hilbi
- Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität; Munich Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich; Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schisler JC, Grevengoed TJ, Pascual F, Cooper DE, Ellis JM, Paul DS, Willis MS, Patterson C, Jia W, Coleman RA. Cardiac energy dependence on glucose increases metabolites related to glutathione and activates metabolic genes controlled by mechanistic target of rapamycin. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:jah3872. [PMID: 25713290 PMCID: PMC4345858 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Long chain acyl‐CoA synthetases (ACSL) catalyze long‐chain fatty acids (FA) conversion to acyl‐CoAs. Temporal ACSL1 inactivation in mouse hearts (Acsl1H−/−) impaired FA oxidation and dramatically increased glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and mTOR activation, resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. We used unbiased metabolomics and gene expression analyses to elucidate the cardiac cellular response to increased glucose use in a genetic model of inactivated FA oxidation. Methods and Results Metabolomics analysis identified 60 metabolites altered in Acsl1H−/− hearts, including 6 related to glucose metabolism and 11 to cysteine and glutathione pathways. Concurrently, global cardiac transcriptional analysis revealed differential expression of 568 genes in Acsl1H−/− hearts, a subset of which we hypothesized were targets of mTOR; subsequently, we measured the transcriptional response of several genes after chronic mTOR inhibition via rapamycin treatment during the period in which cardiac hypertrophy develops. Hearts from Acsl1H−/− mice increased expression of several Hif1α‐responsive glycolytic genes regulated by mTOR; additionally, expression of Scl7a5, Gsta1/2, Gdf15, and amino acid‐responsive genes, Fgf21, Asns, Trib3, Mthfd2, were strikingly increased by mTOR activation. Conclusions The switch from FA to glucose use causes mTOR‐dependent alterations in cardiac metabolism. We identified cardiac mTOR‐regulated genes not previously identified in other cellular models, suggesting heart‐specific mTOR signaling. Increased glucose use also changed glutathione‐related pathways and compensation by mTOR. The hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and metabolic changes that occur within the heart when glucose supplants FA as a major energy source suggest that substrate switching to glucose is not entirely benign.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Schisler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (J.C.S., C.P.)
| | - Trisha J Grevengoed
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Florencia Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - David S Paul
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.S.W.)
| | - Cam Patterson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (J.C.S., C.P.)
| | - Wei Jia
- Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC (W.J.)
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alvarez JV, Belka GK, Pan TC, Chen CC, Blankemeyer E, Alavi A, Karp JS, Chodosh LA. Oncogene pathway activation in mammary tumors dictates FDG-PET uptake. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7583-98. [PMID: 25239452 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased glucose utilization is a hallmark of human cancer that is used to image tumors clinically. In this widely used application, glucose uptake by tumors is monitored by positron emission tomography of the labeled glucose analogue 2[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Despite its widespread clinical use, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that determine FDG uptake--and that underlie the heterogeneity observed across cancers-remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared FDG uptake in mammary tumors driven by the Akt1, c-MYC, HER2/neu, Wnt1, or H-Ras oncogenes in genetically engineered mice, correlating it to tumor growth, cell proliferation, and expression levels of gene involved in key steps of glycolytic metabolism. We found that FDG uptake by tumors was dictated principally by the driver oncogene and was not independently associated with tumor growth or cellular proliferation. Oncogene downregulation resulted in a rapid decrease in FDG uptake, preceding effects on tumor regression, irrespective of the baseline level of uptake. FDG uptake correlated positively with expression of hexokinase-2 (HK2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) and associated negatively with PFK-2b expression and p-AMPK. The correlation between HK2 and FDG uptake was independent of all variables tested, including the initiating oncogene, suggesting that HK2 is an independent predictor of FDG uptake. In contrast, expression of Glut1 was correlated with FDG uptake only in tumors driven by Akt or HER2/neu. Together, these results demonstrate that the oncogenic pathway activated within a tumor is a primary determinant of its FDG uptake, mediated by key glycolytic enzymes, and provide a framework to interpret effects on this key parameter in clinical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James V Alvarez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - George K Belka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tien-Chi Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chien-Chung Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Blankemeyer
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel S Karp
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Glucose metabolism is inhibited by caspases upon the induction of apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1406. [PMID: 25188516 PMCID: PMC4540195 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly proliferating cells, such as cancer cells, have adopted aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation to supply their energy demand; this phenomenon is known as ‘the Warburg effect'. It is now widely accepted that during apoptosis the loss of energy production, orchestrated by caspases, contributes to the dismantling of the dying cell. However, how this loss of energy production occurs is still only partially known. In the present work, we established that during apoptosis the level of cellular ATP decreased in a caspase-dependent manner. We demonstrated that this decrease in ATP content was independent of any caspase modification of glucose uptake, ATP consumption or reactive oxygen species production but was dependent on a caspase-dependent inhibition of glycolysis. We found that the activity of the two glycolysis-limiting enzymes, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase, were affected by caspases, whereas the activity of phosphoglycerate kinase was not, suggesting specificity of the effect. Finally, using a metabolomic analysis, we observed that caspases led to a decrease in several key metabolites, including phosphoserine, which is a major regulator of pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme activity. Thus, we have established that during apoptosis, caspases can shut down the main energy production pathway in cancer cells, leading to the impairment in the activity of the two enzymes controlling limiting steps of glycolysis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Cao Y, Rathmell JC, Macintyre AN. Metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis correlates with greater proliferative ability and resistance to metabolic inhibition in CD8 versus CD4 T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104104. [PMID: 25090630 PMCID: PMC4121309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes (T cells) undergo metabolic reprogramming after activation to provide energy and biosynthetic materials for growth, proliferation and differentiation. Distinct T cell subsets, however, adopt metabolic programs specific to support their needs. As CD4 T cells coordinate adaptive immune responses while CD8 T cells become cytotoxic effectors, we compared activation-induced proliferation and metabolic reprogramming of these subsets. Resting CD4 and CD8 T cells were metabolically similar and used a predominantly oxidative metabolism. Following activation CD8 T cells proliferated more rapidly. Stimulation led both CD4 and CD8 T cells to sharply increase glucose metabolism and adopt aerobic glycolysis as a primary metabolic program. Activated CD4 T cells, however, remained more oxidative and had greater maximal respiratory capacity than activated CD8 T cells. CD4 T cells were also associated with greater levels of ROS and increased mitochondrial content, irrespective of the activation context. CD8 cells were better able, however, to oxidize glutamine as an alternative fuel source. The more glycolytic metabolism of activated CD8 T cells correlated with increased capacity for growth and proliferation, along with reduced sensitivity of cell growth to metabolic inhibition. These specific metabolic programs may promote greater growth and proliferation of CD8 T cells and enhance survival in diverse nutrient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Sarah W. Stedman Center for Nutrition and Metabolism, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Sarah W. Stedman Center for Nutrition and Metabolism, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Andrew N. Macintyre
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Sarah W. Stedman Center for Nutrition and Metabolism, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fumarola C, Caffarra C, La Monica S, Galetti M, Alfieri RR, Cavazzoni A, Galvani E, Generali D, Petronini PG, Bonelli MA. Effects of sorafenib on energy metabolism in breast cancer cells: role of AMPK-mTORC1 signaling. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 141:67-78. [PMID: 23963659 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Sorafenib inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. These effects were neither correlated with modulation of MAPK and AKT pathways nor dependent on the ERα status. Sorafenib promoted an early perturbation of mitochondrial function, inducing a deep depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, associated with drop of intracellular ATP levels and increase of ROS generation. As a response to this stress condition, the energy sensor AMPK was rapidly activated in all the cell lines analyzed. In MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells, AMPK enhanced glucose uptake by up-regulating the expression of GLUT-1 glucose transporter, as also demonstrated by AMPKα1 RNA interference, and stimulated aerobic glycolysis thus increasing lactate production. Moreover, the GLUT-1 inhibitor fasentin blocked sorafenib-induced glucose uptake and potentiated its cytotoxic activity in SKBR3 cells. Persistent activation of AMPK by sorafenib finally led to the impairment of glucose metabolism both in MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells as well as in the highly glycolytic MDA-MB-231 cells, resulting in cell death. This previously unrecognized long-term effect of sorafenib was mediated by AMPK-dependent inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway. Suppression of mTORC1 activity was sufficient for sorafenib to hinder glucose utilization in breast cancer cells, as demonstrated by the observation that the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin induced a comparable down-regulation of GLUT-1 expression and glucose uptake. The key role of AMPK-dependent inhibition of mTORC1 in sorafenib mechanisms of action was confirmed by AMPKα1 silencing, which restored mTORC1 activity conferring a significant protection from cell death. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms driving sorafenib anti-tumoral activity in breast cancer, and supports the need for going on with clinical trials aimed at proving the efficacy of sorafenib for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fumarola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, Parma 43125, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Changes in metabolic processes play a critical role in the survival or death of cells subjected to various stresses. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress on cellular metabolism. A major difficulty in studying metabolic responses to ER stress is that ER stress normally leads to apoptosis and metabolic changes observed in dying cells may be misleading. Therefore we have used IL-3 (interleukin 3)-dependent Bak-/-Bax-/- haemopoietic cells which do not die in the presence of the ER-stress-inducing drug tunicamycin. Tunicamycin-treated Bak-/-Bax-/- cells remain viable, but cease growth, arresting in G1-phase and undergoing autophagy in the absence of apoptosis. In these cells, we used NMR-based SIRM (stable isotope-resolved metabolomics) to determine the metabolic effects of tunicamycin. Glucose was found to be the major carbon source for energy production and anabolic metabolism. Following tunicamycin exposure, glucose uptake and lactate production are greatly reduced. Decreased 13C labelling in several cellular metabolites suggests that mitochondrial function in cells undergoing ER stress is compromised. Consistent with this, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption and cellular ATP levels are much lower compared with untreated cells. Importantly, the effects of tunicamycin on cellular metabolic processes may be related to a reduction in cell-surface GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1) levels which, in turn, may reflect decreased Akt signalling. These results suggest that ER stress exerts profound effects on several central metabolic processes which may help to explain cell death arising from ER stress in normal cells.
Collapse
|
31
|
He S, Kato K, Jiang J, Wahl DR, Mineishi S, Fisher EM, Murasko DM, Glick GD, Zhang Y. Characterization of the metabolic phenotype of rapamycin-treated CD8+ T cells with augmented ability to generate long-lasting memory cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20107. [PMID: 21611151 PMCID: PMC3096660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular metabolism plays a critical role in regulating T cell responses and the development of memory T cells with long-term protections. However, the metabolic phenotype of antigen-activated T cells that are responsible for the generation of long-lived memory cells has not been characterized. Design and Methods Using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) peptide gp33-specific CD8+ T cells derived from T cell receptor transgenic mice, we characterized the metabolic phenotype of proliferating T cells that were activated and expanded in vitro in the presence or absence of rapamycin, and determined the capability of these rapamycin-treated T cells to generate long-lived memory cells in vivo. Results Antigen-activated CD8+ T cells treated with rapamycin gave rise to 5-fold more long-lived memory T cells in vivo than untreated control T cells. In contrast to that control T cells only increased glycolysis, rapamycin-treated T cells upregulated both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These rapamycin-treated T cells had greater ability than control T cells to survive withdrawal of either glucose or growth factors. Inhibition of OXPHOS by oligomycin significantly reduced the ability of rapamycin-treated T cells to survive growth factor withdrawal. This effect of OXPHOS inhibition was accompanied with mitochondrial hyperpolarization and elevation of reactive oxygen species that are known to be toxic to cells. Conclusions Our findings indicate that these rapamycin-treated T cells may represent a unique cell model for identifying nutrients and signals critical to regulating metabolism in both effector and memory T cells, and for the development of new methods to improve the efficacy of adoptive T cell cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jiu Jiang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Wahl
- Chemical Biology Doctoral Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shin Mineishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Fisher
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Murasko
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gary D. Glick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gatza E, Wahl DR, Opipari AW, Sundberg TB, Reddy P, Liu C, Glick GD, Ferrara JLM. Manipulating the bioenergetics of alloreactive T cells causes their selective apoptosis and arrests graft-versus-host disease. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:67ra8. [PMID: 21270339 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by glycolysis and by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Despite the importance of having sufficient ATP available for the energy-dependent processes involved in immune activation, little is known about the metabolic adaptations that occur in vivo to meet the increased demand for ATP in activated and proliferating lymphocytes. We found that bone marrow (BM) cells proliferating after BM transplantation (BMT) increased aerobic glycolysis but not OXPHOS, whereas T cells proliferating in response to alloantigens during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) increased both aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS. Metabolomic analysis of alloreactive T cells showed an accumulation of acylcarnitines consistent with changes in fatty acid oxidation. Alloreactive T cells also exhibited a hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increased superoxide production, and decreased amounts of antioxidants, whereas proliferating BM cells did not. Bz-423, a small-molecule inhibitor of the mitochondrial F(1)F(0) adenosine triphosphate synthase (F(1)F(0)-ATPase), selectively increased superoxide and induced the apoptosis of alloreactive T cells, which arrested established GVHD in several BMT models without affecting hematopoietic engraftment or lymphocyte reconstitution. These findings challenge the current paradigm that activated T cells meet their increased demands for ATP through aerobic glycolysis, and identify the possibility that bioenergetic and redox characteristics can be selectively exploited as a therapeutic strategy for immune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gatza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|