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Guo J, Yang Z, Wang J, Liang N, Shi Y, Zhong J, Zhang X, Hu Y, Nashun B. Oral exposure to phenanthrene during gestation disorders endocrine and spermatogenesis in F1 adult male mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116566. [PMID: 38850701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe), a typical low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of three benzene rings, is one of the most abundant PAHs detected in daily diets. Pregnant women and infants are at great risk of Phe exposure. In the present study, Phe was administered to pregnant mice at a dose of 0, 60, or 600 μg/kg body weight six times, and the F1 male mice showed significant reproductive disorders: the testicular weight and testis somatic index were significantly reduced; the levels of serum testosterone, GnRH and SHBG were increased, while the FSH levels were reduced; histological analysis showed that the amount of Sertoli cells and primary spermatocytes in seminiferous tubules was increased, while the amount of secondary spermatocytes and spermatids were decreased in Phe groups. The protein levels of PCNA and androgen receptor were reduced. Differently expressed genes in the testis screened by RNA sequence were enriched in antioxidant capacity, reproduction et al.. Further biochemical tests confirmed that the antioxidant capacity in the F1 testis was significantly inhibited by treatment with Phe during pregnancy. Those results suggested that gestational Phe exposure disordered hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) hormones on the one hand, and on the other hand reduced testicular antioxidant capacity and further arrested cell cycle in F1 adult male mice, which co-caused the inhibition of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Hohhot, China.
| | - Zongxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Nan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yunshu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiameng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Buhe Nashun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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Defeudis G, Mazzilli R, Gianfrilli D, Lenzi A, Isidori AM. The CATCH checklist to investigate adult-onset hypogonadism. Andrology 2018; 6:665-679. [PMID: 29888533 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult-onset hypogonadism is a syndrome often underdiagnosed, undertreated, or incompletely explored. There are various reasons for this: firstly, undefined age range of men in whom testosterone levels should be investigated and then no definitive serum cutoff point for the diagnosis of hypogonadism; and finally, variable and non-specific signs and symptoms; men and physicians do not pay adequate attention to sexual health. All these factors make the diagnostic criteria for hypogonadism controversial. The evaluation of the clinical features and causes of this syndrome, its link with age, the role of testosterone and other hormone levels, and the presence of any comorbidities are all useful factors in the investigation of this population. The purpose of this manuscript, after an accurate analysis of current literature, is to facilitate the diagnosis of hypogonadism in men through the use of the CATCH acronym and a checklist to offer a practical diagnostic tool for daily clinical practice. A narrative review of the relevant literature regarding the diagnosis of late-onset hypogonadism or adult-onset hypogonadism was performed. PubMed database was used to retrieve articles published on this topic. A useful new acronym CATCH (Clinical features [symptoms] and Causes, Age, Testosterone level, Comorbidities, and Hormones) and a practical checklist to facilitate the evaluation of hypogonadism in aging men were used. The evaluation of the clinical features and causes of hypogonadism, the link with age, the role of Testosterone and other hormones, and the evaluation of comorbidities are important in investigating adult-onset hypogonadism. The CATCH checklist could be helpful for clinicians for an early diagnosis of both hypogonadism and associated comorbidities. We suggest the use of this acronym to advocate the investigation of declining testosterone in aging men.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Defeudis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Mazzilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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3
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van Esdonk MJ, Burggraaf J, van der Graaf PH, Stevens J. A two-step deconvolution-analysis-informed population pharmacodynamic modeling approach for drugs targeting pulsatile endogenous compounds. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2017; 44:389-400. [PMID: 28497294 PMCID: PMC5514197 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-017-9526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacodynamic modeling of pulsatile endogenous compounds (e.g. growth hormone [GH]) is currently limited to the identification of a low number of pulses. Commonly used pharmacodynamic models are not able to capture the complexity of pulsatile secretion and therefore non-compartmental analyses are performed to extract summary statistics (mean, AUC, Cmax). The aim of this study was to develop a new quantification method that deals with highly variable pulsatile data by using a deconvolution-analysis-informed population pharmacodynamic modeling approach. Pulse frequency and pulse times were obtained by deconvolution analysis of 24 h GH profiles. The estimated pulse times then informed a non-linear mixed effects population pharmacodynamic model in NONMEM V7.3. The population parameter estimates were used to perform simulations that show agonistic and antagonistic drug effects on the secretion of GH. Additionally, a clinical trial simulation shows the application of this method in the quantification of a hypothetical drug effect that inhibits GH secretion. The GH profiles were modeled using a turnover compartment in which the baseline secretion, kout, pulse secretion width, amount at time point 0 and pulse amplitude were estimated as population parameters. Population parameters were estimated with low relative standard errors (ranging from 2 to 5%). Total body water (%) was identified as a covariate for pulse amplitude, baseline secretion and the pulse secretion width following a power relationship. Simulations visualized multiple gradients of a hypothetical drug that influenced the endogenous secretion of GH. The established model was able to fit and quantify the highly variable individual 24 h GH profiles over time. This pharmacodynamic model can be used to quantify drug effects that target other endogenous pulsatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel J van Esdonk
- Division of Pharmacology, Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Division of Pharmacology, Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Piet H van der Graaf
- Division of Pharmacology, Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Certara QSP, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jasper Stevens
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Meda P. Gap junction proteins are key drivers of endocrine function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:124-140. [PMID: 28284720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that the main secretory cells of exocrine and endocrine glands are connected by gap junctions, made by a variety of connexin species that ensure their electrical and metabolic coupling. Experiments in culture systems and animal models have since provided increasing evidence that connexin signaling contributes to control the biosynthesis and release of secretory products, as well as to the life and death of secretory cells. More recently, genetic studies have further provided the first lines of evidence that connexins also control the function of human glands, which are central to the pathogenesis of major endocrine diseases. Here, we summarize the recent information gathered on connexin signaling in these systems, since the last reviews on the topic, with particular regard to the pancreatic beta cells which produce insulin, and the renal cells which produce renin. These cells are keys to the development of various forms of diabetes and hypertension, respectively, and combine to account for the exploding, worldwide prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland.
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5
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Keenan DM, Veldhuis JD. Pulsatility of Hypothalamo-Pituitary Hormones: A Challenge in Quantification. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 31:34-50. [PMID: 26674550 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00027.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine systems control many of the most fundamental physiological processes, e.g., reproduction, growth, adaptations to stress, and metabolism. Each such system involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and a specific target gland or organ. In the quantification of the interactions among these components, biostatistical modeling has played an important role. In the present article, five key challenges to an understanding of the interactions of these systems are illustrated and discussed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Keenan
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Johannes D Veldhuis
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Clinical Translational Science Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Pereira AM. Long-term effects of treatment of pituitary adenomas. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 124:361-71. [PMID: 25248599 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59602-4.00024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas can be treated effectively in the vast majority of cases. After successful treatment for pituitary disease, many patients still report reduced quality of life in the presence of persistent morbidity and (slightly) increased mortality. At present, there is an increasing awareness that in many cases long-term remission of functioning or nonfunctioning adenomas does not equal cure. The causes are most probably multifactorial. Hypopituitarism, intrinsic imperfections of surgical or endocrine replacement therapy, but also persistent effects of treatment and of previous hormone excess on the central nervous system all affect long-term morbidity, general well-being, and mortality. This implies that treatment goals for patients with pituitary adenomas will shift from long-term cure to long-term care. Further research is therefore needed to get more insight into each of these factors of influence, such as the extent of reversibility of hormone excess syndromes on cardiovascular risk and behavior. The fact that coping strategies, despite long-term remission, are altered and illness perceptions are affected strongly suggests that long-term care should incorporate self-management interventions that might help to improve quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Endocrinology and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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7
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Hodson DJ, Legros C, Desarménien MG, Guérineau NC. Roles of connexins and pannexins in (neuro)endocrine physiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2911-28. [PMID: 26084873 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To ensure appropriate secretion in response to demand, (neuro)endocrine tissues liberate massive quantities of hormones, which act to coordinate and synchronize biological signals in distant secretory and nonsecretory cell populations. Intercellular communication plays a central role in this control. With regard to molecular identity, junctional cell-cell communication is supported by connexin-based gap junctions. In addition, connexin hemichannels, the structural precursors of gap junctions, as well as pannexin channels have recently emerged as possible modulators of the secretory process. This review focuses on the expression of connexins and pannexins in various (neuro)endocrine tissues, including the adrenal cortex and medulla, the anterior pituitary, the endocrine hypothalamus and the pineal, thyroid and parathyroid glands. Upon a physiological or pathological stimulus, junctional intercellular coupling can be acutely modulated or persistently remodeled, thus offering multiple regulatory possibilities. The functional roles of gap junction-mediated intercellular communication in endocrine physiology as well as the involvement of connexin/pannexin-related hemichannels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hodson
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Oberlander JG, Penatti CAA, Porter DM, Henderson LP. The Buzz about anabolic androgenic steroids: electrophysiological effects in excitable tissues. Neuroendocrinology 2012; 96:141-51. [PMID: 22576754 PMCID: PMC3488447 DOI: 10.1159/000339123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) comprise a large and growing class of synthetic androgens used clinically to promote tissue-building in individuals suffering from genetic disorders, injuries, and diseases. Despite these beneficial therapeutic applications, the predominant use of AAS is illicit: these steroids are self-administered to promote athletic performance and body image. Hand in hand with the desired anabolic actions of the AAS are untoward effects on the brain and behavior. While the signaling routes by which the AAS impose both beneficial and harmful actions may be quite diverse, key endpoints are likely to include ligand-gated and voltage-dependent ion channels that govern the activity of electrically excitable tissues. Here, we review the known effects of AAS on molecular targets that play critical roles in controlling electrical activity, with a specific focus on the effects of AAS on neurotransmission mediated by GABA(A) receptors in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Oberlander
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Carlos A. A. Penatti
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP 01504-000 Brasil
| | - Donna M. Porter
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Leslie P. Henderson
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
- To Whom Correspondence Should be Addressed:
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Abstract
The endocrinology of the aging male is complex, with multiple hormones along the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis interacting with one another in feedback. As men age, there is a small and progressive (not precipitous, as in women) decline in several sex hormones, in particular testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone, and related increases in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin. The importance of these changes is wide-ranging because of the ubiquitous role of sex hormones in male physiology. This chapter discusses the endocrinology of the aging male. We provide an overview of the regulation of the HPT axis with an emphasis on the changes that occur with aging and the measurement of gonadal steroids, including hormone pulsatility, within-subject and circadian variations. The difficulties of assessing the symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism are highlighted. There is a comprehensive discussion of the epidemiology of sex hormone changes, including their age associations, prevalence of symptomatic hypogonadism, secular changes, risk factors, and the association of sex hormones with outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre B. Araujo
- Director, Epidemiology, New England Research Institutes, Inc., 9 Galen Street, Watertown, MA 02472, Tel: 617.923.7747 x452, Fax: 617.673.9509,
| | - Gary A. Wittert
- Head, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Principal Research Scientist, New England Research Institutes, Inc., Phone: +61 882225502, Fax: +61 882233870,
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