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Chiriboga L, Callis GM, Wang Y, Chlipala E. Guide for collecting and reporting metadata on protocol variables and parameters from slide-based histotechnology assays to enhance reproducibility. J Histotechnol 2022; 45:132-147. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2022.2134022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYULH Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas, MO, USA
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2
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Means to Quantify Vascular Cell File Numbers in Different Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2382:155-179. [PMID: 34705239 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1744-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Oriented cell divisions are crucial throughout plant development to define the final size and shape of organs and tissues. As most of the tissues in mature roots and stems are derived from vascular tissues, studying cell proliferation in the vascular cell lineage is of great importance. Although perturbations of vascular development are often visible already at the whole plant macroscopic phenotype level, a more detailed characterization of the vascular anatomy, cellular organization, and differentiation status of specific vascular cell types can provide insights into which pathway or developmental program is affected. In particular, defects in the frequency or orientation of cell divisions can be reliably identified from the number of vascular cell files. Here, we provide a detailed description of the different clearing, staining, and imaging techniques that allow precise phenotypic analysis of vascular tissues in different organs of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana throughout development, including the quantification of cell file numbers, differentiation status of vascular cell types, and expression of reporter genes.
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Jezierska M, Miernik A, Sojka J, Student S, Śliwińska MA, Gross V, Poprawa I. Oogenesis in the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris Gąsiorek, Stec, Morek & Michalczyk, 2018 (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae). Micron 2021; 150:103126. [PMID: 34399159 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tardigrades are small, globally widespred invertebrates that need at least a thin layer of water to be active. There are gonochoric, hermaphroditic, and parthenogenetic species among them. The main aim of this study was to analyze the structure of the ovary, the structure of female germ cell clusters, and the course of oogenesis in the parthenogenetic species Hypsibius exemplaris, which in 2007 was recognized as a model organism. The material was analyzed using light and confocal microscopy as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used. Our study showed that in the meroistic-polytrophic ovary of the examined species, branched germ cell clusters are formed in which one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the remaining cells become trophocytes. Vitellogenesis is of the mixed type: the first part of the yolk is synthesized by the oocyte (autosynthesis); the second part is synthesized by trophocytes and transported to the oocyte by cytoplasmic bridges; and the third part is synthesized outside the ovary (in storage cells) and transported to the oocyte by endocytosis. At the end of oogenesis, the trophocytes die by apoptosis. Parthenogenetic female of H. exemplaris lays from one to a dozen smooth eggs into exuviae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jezierska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Department of Pathomorphology and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Miernik
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Sojka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Biotechnology Centre, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata A Śliwińska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Ludwika Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vladimir Gross
- University of Kassel, Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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Late-Onset Inflammation in Asian Rhinoplasty Using Alloplastic Implants. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:670-678. [PMID: 32100083 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset inflammation is a rare complication that may occur several months to years after undergoing an uneventful rhinoplasty using alloplastic implants and an uneventful postoperative course. Studies to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of late-onset inflammation related to implants used in rhinoplasty are limited. The purpose of the study was to analyze differences between non-healthy capsules (NHC) with late-onset inflammation and healthy capsules (HC) without inflammation as controls to determine the possible cause of the inflammation. METHODS Between April 2009 and May 2018, 39 patients who underwent rhinoplasty with alloplastic implants underwent histological studies. Twenty-one patients in the NHC group showed late-onset inflammation, while 18 patients in the HC group did not display late-onset inflammation. Capsules around the alloplastic implants were harvested, and histological studies using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, colloidal iron, and CD31 staining were performed and compared between the NHC and HC groups. RESULTS In hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining, edematous granulation tissues, inflammatory cellular contents, and a disorganized collagen layer were increased in the NHC group compared to the HC group. The colloidal iron staining revealed mucin deposition in the NHC group. CD31-positive cells were observed lining the capsule in both groups; however, the lining cells were damaged in the NHC group. CONCLUSION Granulation tissues, inflammatory reaction, collagen degeneration, mucin deposition, and endothelial lining cell damage were greater in the NHC group compared to the HC group. Damaged capsules may play a crucial role in late-onset inflammation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Ahmed RB, Urbisz AZ, Świątek P. An ultrastructural study of the ovary cord organization and oogenesis in the amphibian leech Batracobdella algira (Annelida, Clitellata, Hirudinida). PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:191-207. [PMID: 33033944 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reveals the ovary micromorphology and the course of oogenesis in the leech Batracobdella algira (Glossiphoniidae). Using light, fluorescence, and electron microscopies, the paired ovaries were analyzed. At the beginning of the breeding season, the ovaries were small, but as oogenesis progressed, they increased in size significantly, broadened, and elongated. A single convoluted ovary cord was located inside each ovary. The ovary cord was composed of numerous germ cells gathered into syncytial groups, which are called germ-line cysts. During oogenesis, the clustering germ cells differentiated into two functional categories, i.e., nurse cells and oocytes, and therefore, this oogenesis was recognized as being meroistic. As a rule, each clustering germ cell had one connection in the form of a broad cytoplasmic channel (intercellular bridge) that connected it to the cytophore. There was a synchrony in the development of the clustering germ cells in the whole ovary cord. In the immature leeches, the ovary cords contained undifferentiated germ cells exclusively, from which, previtellogenic oocytes and nurse cells differentiated as the breeding season progressed. Only the oocytes grew considerably, gathered nutritive material, and protruded at the ovary cord surface. The vitellogenic oocytes subsequently detached from the cord and filled tightly the ovary sac, while the nurse cells and the cytophore degenerated. Ripe eggs were finally deposited into the cocoons. A comparison of the ovary structure and oogenesis revealed that almost all of the features that are described in the studied species were similar to those that are known from other representatives of Glossiphoniidae, which indicates their evolutionary conservatism within this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ben Ahmed
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR18ES41 Ecologie, Biologie et Physiologie des organismes aquatiques, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Anna Z Urbisz
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR18ES41 Ecologie, Biologie et Physiologie des organismes aquatiques, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa, 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa, 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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Sonakowska-Czajka L, Śróbka J, Ostróżka A, Rost-Roszkowska M. Postembryonic development and differentiation of the midgut in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda) larvae. J Morphol 2020; 282:48-65. [PMID: 33074574 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neocaridina davidi is a freshwater shrimp that originates from Taiwan and is commonly bred all over the word. Like all decapods, which develop indirectly, this species has pelagic larvae that may differ entirely in their morphology and habits from adult specimens. To fill a gap of knowledge about the developmental biology of freshwater shrimps we decided to document the 3D-localization of the midgut inside the body cavity of larval stages of N. davidi using X-ray microtomography, and to describe all structural and ultrastructural changes of the midgut epithelium (intestine and hepatopancreas) which occur during postembryonic development of N. davidi using light and transmission electron microscopy. We laid emphasis on stem cell functioning and cell death processes connected with differentiation. Our study revealed that while the intestine in both larval stages of N. davidi has the form of a fully developed organ, which resembles that of adult specimens, the hepatopancreas undergoes elongation and differentiation. E-cells, which are midgut stem cells, due to their proliferation and differentiation are responsible for the above-mentioned processes. Our study revealed that apoptosis is a common process in both larval stages of N. davidi in the intestine and proximal region of the hepatopancreas. In zoea III, autophagy as a survival factor is activated in order to protect cells against their death. However, when there are too many autophagic structures in epithelial cells, necrosis as passive cell death is activated. The presence of all types of cell death in the midgut in the zoea III stage confirms that this part of the digestive tract is fully developed and functional. Here, we present the first description of apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis in the digestive system of larval stages of Malacostraca and present the first description of their hepatopancreas elongation and differentiation due to midgut stem cell functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Sonakowska-Czajka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Śróbka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Ostróżka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Katowice, Poland
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Manskikh VN, Sheval EV. An adaptation of Twort's method for polychromatic staining of epoxy-embedded semithin sections. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 153:121-127. [PMID: 31848702 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy-embedded semithin sections are useful for the analysis of cell and tissue organization, as well as for the processing of samples for transmission electron microscopy. Because only a very limited number of staining protocols have been developed for epoxy-embedded sections; semithin sections are used infrequently compared to conventional paraffin sections. Here, we describe a simple and reproducible polychromatic protocol for the routine staining of epoxy-embedded semithin sections by adapting Twort's staining method (mixture of neutral red and fast green FCF). The method can be used for the visualization of cellular organization as well as for the detection of elastic and collagen fibers. The proposed protocol demonstrated the best results for samples fixed for transmission electron microscopy, which suggests, as we demonstrated here, that this staining protocol can also be used for correlative light and electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy N Manskikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, France.
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8
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Rost-Roszkowska M, Janelt K, Poprawa I. Ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium in three species of Macrobiotidae (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Parachela). Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Three species of Macrobiotidae, Macrobiotus polonicus, Macrobiotus diversus and Macrobiotus pallarii, were selected for analysis of the fine structure of the midgut epithelium. They are gonochoric and carnivorous species that live in wet terrestrial and freshwater environments. The ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium of the investigated Macrobiotidae species was analysed in both males and females. Their digestive system is composed of fore- and hindguts that are covered by a cuticle, and the middle region, termed the midgut. It is lined with a simple epithelium that is formed by digestive cells that have a distinct brush border. Crescent-shaped cells that form an anterior ring in the border between the fore- and midgut were detected. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium of the examined species differs slightly depending on sex. The digestive cells of the posterior segment of the intestine contain numerous lipid droplets, which are the reserve material. We concluded that the digestive cells of the Macrobiotidae midgut are responsible for its intracellular digestion owing to endocytosis. They also participate in the extracellular digestion owing to merocrine secretion (exocytosis). However, the midgut is not the main organ that accumulates reserve material. Additionally, the midgut epithelium does not participate in oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rost-Roszkowska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Katowice, Poland
| | - K Janelt
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Katowice, Poland
| | - I Poprawa
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Katowice, Poland
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9
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Kamińska K, Lipovšek S, Kaszuba F, Rost-Roszkowska M. Ultrastructure of the fat body in the soil centipedes Lithobius forficatus (Lithobiidae) and Geophilus flavus (Geophilidae) according to their seasonal rhythms. ZOOL ANZ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Czerneková M, Janelt K, Student S, Jönsson KI, Poprawa I. A comparative ultrastructure study of storage cells in the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer in the hydrated state and after desiccation and heating stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201430. [PMID: 30096140 PMCID: PMC6086413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades represent an invertebrate phylum with no circulatory or respiratory system. Their body cavity is filled with free storage cells of the coelomocyte-type, which are responsible for important physiological functions. We report a study comparing the ultrastructure of storage cells in anhydrobiotic and hydrated specimens of the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer. We also analysed the effect of temperature stress on storage cell structure. Firstly, we verified two types of ultrastructurally different storage cells, which differ in cellular organelle complexity, amount and content of reserve material and connection to oogenetic stage. Type I cells were found to differ ultrastructurally depending on the oogenetic stage of the animal. The main function of these cells is energy storage. Storage cells of Type I were also observed in the single male that was found among the analysed specimens. The second cell type, Type II, found only in females, represents young undifferentiated cells, possibly stem cells. The two types of cells also differ with respect to the presence of nucleolar vacuoles, which are related to oogenetic stages and to changes in nucleolic activity during oogenesis. Secondly, this study revealed that storage cells are not ultrastructurally affected by six months of desiccation or by heating following this desiccation period. However, heating of the desiccated animals (tuns) tended to reduce animal survival, indicating that long-term desiccation makes these animals more vulnerable to heat stress. We confirmed the degradative pathways during the rehydration process after desiccation and heat stress. Our study is the first to document two ultrastructurally different types of storage cells in tardigrades and reveals new perspectives for further studies of tardigrade storage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Czerneková
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Janelt
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Gliwice, Poland
| | - K. Ingemar Jönsson
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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11
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Rost-Roszkowska MM, Kszuk-Jendrysik M, Marchewka A, Poprawa I. Fine structure of the midgut epithelium in the millipede Telodeinopus aoutii (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) with special emphasis on epithelial regeneration. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:43-55. [PMID: 28612274 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The midgut of millipedes is composed of a simple epithelium that rests on a basal lamina, which is surrounded by visceral muscles and hepatic cells. As the material for our studies, we chose Telodeinopus aoutii (Demange, 1971) (Kenyan millipede) (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida), which lives in the rain forests of Central Africa. This commonly reared species is easy to obtain from local breeders and easy to culture in the laboratory. During our studies, we used transmission and scanning electron microscopes and light and fluorescent microscopes. The midgut epithelium of the species examined here shares similarities to the structure of the millipedes analyzed to date. The midgut epithelium is composed of three types of cells-digestive, secretory, and regenerative cells. Evidence of three types of secretion have been observed in the midgut epithelium: merocrine, apocrine, and microapocrine secretion. The regenerative cells of the midgut epithelium in millipedes fulfill the role of midgut stem cells because of their main functions: self-renewal (the ability to divide mitotically and to maintain in an undifferentiated state) and potency (ability to differentiate into digestive cells). We also confirmed that spot desmosomes are common intercellular junctions between the regenerative and digestive cells in millipedes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rost-Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - M Kszuk-Jendrysik
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Marchewka
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - I Poprawa
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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12
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Hyra M, Rost-Roszkowska MM, Student S, Włodarczyk A, Deperas M, Janelt K, Poprawa I. Body cavity cells of Parachela during their active life. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hyra
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Bankowa 9 Katowice 40-007 Poland
| | | | - Sebastian Student
- Institute of Automatic Control; Silesian University of Technology; Akademicka 16 Gliwice 44-100 Poland
| | - Agnieszka Włodarczyk
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Bankowa 9 Katowice 40-007 Poland
| | - Marcin Deperas
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Bankowa 9 Katowice 40-007 Poland
| | - Kamil Janelt
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Bankowa 9 Katowice 40-007 Poland
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Bankowa 9 Katowice 40-007 Poland
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13
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Hyra M, Poprawa I, Włodarczyk A, Student S, Sonakowska L, Kszuk-Jendrysik M, Rost-Roszkowska MM. Ultrastructural changes in the midgut epithelium ofHypsibius dujardini(Doyère, 1840) (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) in relation to oogenesis. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hyra
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Bankowa 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Bankowa 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Agnieszka Włodarczyk
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Bankowa 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Institute of Automatic Control; Silesian University of Technology; Akademicka 16 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Lidia Sonakowska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Bankowa 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Michalina Kszuk-Jendrysik
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Bankowa 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
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14
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Kamińska K, Włodarczyk A, Sonakowska L, Ostróżka A, Marchewka A, Rost-Roszkowska M. Ultrastructure of the salivary glands in Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda, Lithobiidae) according to seasonal and circadian rhythms. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2016; 45:536-551. [PMID: 27671869 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The salivary glands (mandibular epidermal glands) of adult males and females of Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) were isolated during spring, summer and autumn. In addition, the organs were isolated at different times of the day - at about 12:00 (noon) and about 00:00 (midnight). The ultrastructure of these organs depending on seasonal and circadian rhythms was analyzed using transmission and scanning electron microscopy and histochemical methods. The paired salivary glands of L. forficatus are situated in the vicinity of the foregut and they are formed by numerous acini that are surrounded by the fat body, hemocytes and tracheolae. The salivary glands are composed of a terminal acinar component and a system of tubular ducts that are lined with a cuticle. The glandular part is composed of secretory epithelial cells that are at various stages of their secretory activity. The saliva that is produced by the secretory cells of the acini is secreted into the salivary ducts, which are lined with a simple epithelium that is based on the non-cellular basal lamina. The ultrastructural variations suggest that salivary glands function differently depending on seasonal rhythms and prepare the animal for overwintering. Therefore, the salivary glands of the centipedes that were analyzed participate in the accumulation of proteins, lipids and polysaccharides during the spring, summer and autumn. Subtle differences in the ultrastructure of the secretory cells of the salivary glands during the circadian cycle must be related to the physiological reactions of the organism. The salivary ducts showed no differences in the specimens that were analyzed during the day/night cycle or during the seasonal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kamińska
- University of Silesia, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - A Włodarczyk
- University of Silesia, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - L Sonakowska
- University of Silesia, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - A Ostróżka
- University of Silesia, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - A Marchewka
- University of Silesia, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - M Rost-Roszkowska
- University of Silesia, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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15
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Brubacher JL, Vieira AP, Newmark PA. Preparation of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea for high-resolution histology and transmission electron microscopy. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:661-73. [PMID: 24556788 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea is an emerging model species in fields such as stem cell biology, regeneration and evolutionary biology. Excellent molecular tools have been developed for S. mediterranea, but ultrastructural techniques have received far less attention. Processing specimens for histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is notoriously idiosyncratic for particular species or specimen types. Unfortunately, however, most methods for S. mediterranea described in the literature lack numerous essential details, and those few that do provide them rely on specialized equipment that may not be readily available. Here we present an optimized protocol for ultrastructural preparation of S. mediterranea. The protocol can be completed in 6 d, much of which is 'hands-off' time. To aid with troubleshooting, we also illustrate the major effects of seemingly minor variations in fixative, buffer concentration and dehydration steps. This procedure will be useful for all planarian researchers, particularly those with relatively little experience in tissue processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Brubacher
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Canadian Mennonite University, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ana P Vieira
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Phillip A Newmark
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Xiang Y, Yang ZW. Detachment of methacrylate-embedded sections from microscope slides can be prevented by heating on hotplate. Histol Histopathol 2014. [DOI: 10.7243/2055-091x-1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Alves A, Therin M. New Glycol Methacrylate Embedding Procedure for Enzyme and Immunohistochemical Assessment of Tissue Response to Biomaterials. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1997.20.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chappard D, Alexandre C, Montheard JP. Polymerization of Methacrylates: “Bubble-Hole” Artifact Reconsidered with Bone Morphometry. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1992.15.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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19
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Gerrits PO, van Goor H. Immunohistochemistry On Glycol Methacrylate Embedded Tissues: Possibilities and Limitations. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1988.11.4.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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20
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Gilloteaux J, Ott DW, Oldham-Ott CK. The gallbladder of the electric ray Torpedo marmorata Risso displays excrescent cholecystocytes with merocrine and apocrine-like secretions. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 296:79-95. [PMID: 23175285 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The gallbladder of Torpedo marmorata exhibits a mucosal surface layer of simple columnar epithelium with very tall cholecystocytes. The apical domain of each cell has few microvilli, but many mucous vesicles that are secreted by exocytosis at the cell apices. The apical regions may also elongate and undergo self-excision while shedding mucus and cell debris into the gallbladder lumen in a manner similar to that described in mammals as a result of sex steroid treatment to induce gallstones and to that found in the cholecystitis associated with cholelithiasis. Numerous small mitochondria, spherical to elongated, are distributed throughout the cells, while the nuclei are often located in the lower third of each cell. In the lower part of the cholecystocytes, large and very densely contrasted lysosomes can be found. All cells are tightly joined by junctional complexes, including long, highly contrasted desmosomes. The fibromuscular layer is made of a loose stroma with a limited muscular component and a poor blood supply. Large diameter blood vessels can only be found in the subserosal layer. It is hypothesized that the obligatorily carnivorous diet of this ureotelic fish has resulted in the evolution of a gallbladder ultrastructure resembling that found in cholecystitis but without the associated cholelithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gilloteaux
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George's International School of Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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21
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Świątek P, Urbisz AZ, Strużyński W, Płachno BJ, Bielecki A, Cios S, Salonen E, Klag J. Ovary architecture of two branchiobdellid species and Acanthobdella peledina (Annelida, Clitellata). ZOOL ANZ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Gilloteaux J, Ott DW, Oldham-Ott CK. The gallbladder of Uranoscopus scaber L. (teleost perciform fish) is lined by specialized cholecystocytes. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:1890-903. [PMID: 21965085 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The gallbladder of Uranoscopus exhibits a mucosal surface layer of simple columnar epithelium composed of specialized cholecystocytes. The apices show storage and mucous secretions, typical microvilli, and very apical projections extending deep into the luminal contents. Many organelles and heterogeneous vesicles of diverse size fill the cytoplasm, including neutral mucins, mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomal bodies, and lipid-rich deposits with cholesterol inclusions. The fibromuscular layer shows little blood supply and contains scattered lymph-like walls with minute cholesterol inclusions. The remaining muscular, subserosal, and serosal or adventitial layers of this species do not show any histologic differences to those of other vertebrates. It was unexpected to find cholesterol inclusions in the fatty deposits of the cholecystocytes, similar to those noted in human cholesterolosis and in some forms of hypercholesterolemia, in this teleostean. In addition, aggregations of mitochondria and anomalous mitochondrial morphologies were found that resemble oncocytoma-like changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gilloteaux
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George's International School of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Gerrits PO, Horobin RW, Stokroos I. The effects of glycol methacrylate as a dehydrating agent on the dimensional changes of liver tissue. J Microsc 2011; 165:273-80. [PMID: 1373449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1992.tb01485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dimensional changes of liver sections during the course of processing with glycol methacrylate (GMA) or with ethanol are described. Tissue processing with ethanol served as a control. During prolonged processing steps (24 h each), linear shrinkage of tissue specimens dehydrated with GMA at room temperature was 13.2%. Subsequent infiltration with GMA resulted in trivial swelling, and polymerization in slight shrinkage (2.3%). In comparison, processing with cold GMA resulted in shrinkage during dehydration (about 10.8%), a slight swelling in pure GMA, followed by shrinkage during polymerization (2.2%). Short routine processing schedules resulted in similar shrinkage/swelling patterns, although precise values differed slightly. In all experiments, ethanolic dehydration resulted in smaller dimensional tissue changes than did GMA dehydration. The dimensional changes of tissue sections during stretching on water, mounting and drying compensated for the major part of the shrinkage manifested during processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Gerrits
- Department of Anatomy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rost-Roszkowska MM, Poprawa I, Wójtowicz M, Kaczmarek L. Ultrastructural changes of the midgut epithelium in Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer Thulin, 1928 (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) during oogenesis. PROTOPLASMA 2011; 248:405-14. [PMID: 20661605 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The midgut epithelium of Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer (Eutardigrada) is composed of columnar digestive cells. At its anterior end, a group of cells with cytoplasm which differs from the cytoplasm of digestive cells is present. Probably, those cells respond to crescent-like cells (midgut regenerative cells) described for some tardigrade species. Their mitotic divisions have not been observed. We analyzed the ultrastructure of midgut digestive cells in relation to five different stages of oogenesis (previtellogenesis, beginning of the vitellogenesis, vitellogenesis--early choriogenesis, vitellogenesis--middle choriogenesis, late choriogenesis). In the midgut epithelium cells, the gradual accumulation of glycogen granules, lipid droplets and structures of varying electron density occurs. During vitellogenesis and choriogenesis, in the cytoplasm of midgut cells we observed the increasing number of organelles which are responsible for the intensive synthesis of lipids, proteins and saccharides such as cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes. At the end of oogenesis, autophagy also intensifies in midgut epithelial cells, which is probably caused by the great amount of reserve material. Midgut epithelium of analyzed species takes part in the yolk precursor synthesis.
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Relucenti M, Heyn R, Petruzziello L, Pugliese G, Taurino M, Familiari G. Detecting microcalcifications in atherosclerotic plaques by a simple trichromic staining method for epoxy embedded carotid endarterectomies. Eur J Histochem 2010; 54:e33. [PMID: 20819772 PMCID: PMC3167311 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2010.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques have a high probability of undergoing rapid progression to stenosis, becoming responsible of acute coronary syndrome or stroke. Microcalcifications may act as enhancers of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. Considering that calcifications with a diameter smalller than 10 µm in paraffin embedded tissue are rather difficult to detect, our aim was to analyze microcalcifications on semithin sections from epoxy resin embedded samples of carotid endarterectomies using an original trichromic stain (methylene blue-azur B - basic fuchsine - alizarin red). We have compared samples stained either with our method, methylene blue-azur B alone or with Von Kossa staining, and methylene blue-azur B -basic fuchsine alone or with Von Kossa staining. Our method resulted to be simple and fast (ca. 2 min), it gives a sharp general contrast for all structures and allows to easy identify collagen and elastin. In addition, gray-green colour associated to intracellular lipid droplets evidences foam cells, which are particularly abundant in endarterectomies samples. Mast cells and their metachromatic granules are also well recognized. Calcifications over 0,5 µm are clearly recognizable. In conclusion, microcalcifications are clearly distinguished from the extracellular matrix in spite of their reduced dimensions. Methylene blue-azur B-basic fuchsine-alizarin red method is easy to use, reproducible, and is particularly suitable for the identification of microcalcifications in the morphological analysis of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Relucenti
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy Pietro M. Motta, Department of Human Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, via Alfonso Borelli 50, Rome, Italy.
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Rhyne BN, Pirone JR, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. The Use of Enzyme Histochemistry in Detecting Cutaneous Toxicity of Three Topically Applied Jet Fuel Mdttures. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 12:17-34. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510209167933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Monteiro-Riviere NA, Inman AO. CHARACTERIZATION OF SULFUR MUSTARD–INDUCED TOXICITY BY ENZYME HISTOCHEMISTRY IN PORCINE SKIN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10517230050083366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chapman JA, Leigh CM, Breed WG. The zona pellucida of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): its morphogenesis and thickness. J Anat 2007; 209:393-400. [PMID: 16928207 PMCID: PMC2100332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the ultrastructural organization of the koala oocyte and the thickness of the surrounding extracellular coat, the zona pellucida, has been determined to ascertain whether there is coevolution of the morphology of the female gamete with that of the highly divergent male gamete that is found in this marsupial species. Ovaries from several adult koalas were obtained and prepared for transmission electron microscopy. Oocytes in large tertiary follicles were somewhat smaller than those of most other marsupials, although their ultrastructural organization appeared similar and included many yolk vesicles. The zona pellucida surrounding the oocytes in tertiary follicles was approximately 8 microm thick and thus is of similar thickness to that of some eutherian mammals but at least twice as thick as that of most marsupial species so far studied. The results indicate that the koala oocyte is unusually small for a marsupial species whereas the zona pellucida is, by contrast, much thicker. How this relates to sperm-egg interaction at the time of fertilization has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Chapman
- Discipline of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia.
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Poprawa I. The ovary structure, previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages in parthenogenetic species Dactylobiotus dispar (Murray, 1907) (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada). Tissue Cell 2005; 37:385-92. [PMID: 16125743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive system of Dactylobiotus dispar consists of the ovary and the oviduct that opens into the rectum. The sack-like ovary is filled with the developing oocytes, which are assisted by the trophocytes. In D. dispar, the mixed vitellogenesis takes place. One part of the yolk material is produced inside the oocyte (autosynthesis), the second part is absorbed by micropinocytosis while the third part is synthesized in the trophocytes and is transported to the oocytes through the cytoplasmatic bridges. Moreover, rRNA, lipids and mitochondria are transfered from the trophocytes to the oocytes. The histochemical researches show that the reserve material accumulated in the oocytes contains proteins, polysaccharides and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Poprawa
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Silesian University, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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Bosshardt DD, Degen T, Lang NP. Sequence of protein expression of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin at the developing interface between repair cementum and dentin in human deciduous teeth. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 320:399-407. [PMID: 15846504 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-1106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental periodontal regeneration studies have revealed the weak binding of repair cementum to the root surface, whereas attachment of cementum to dentin preconditioned by odontoclasts appears to be superior. The aim of this study has been, therefore, to analyze the structural and partial biochemical nature of the interface that develops between resorbed dentin and repair cementum by using human deciduous teeth as a model. Aldehyde-fixed and decalcified tooth samples were embedded in acrylic or epoxy resins and sectioned for light and transmission electron microscopy. Antibodies against bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), two noncollagenous proteins accumulating at hard tissue interfaces in bone and teeth, were used for protein A-gold immunocytochemistry. Light microscopy revealed a gradually increasing staining intensity of the external dentin matrix starting after the withdrawal of the odontoclast. Labeling for both BSP and OPN was first detected among the exposed collagen fibrils and in the intratubular dentin matrix when odontoclasts had withdrawn but mesenchymal cells were present. Subsequently, collagen fibrils of the repair cementum were deposited concomitantly with the appearance of labeling for BSP and OPN over the intratubular, intertubular, and peritubular dentin matrix. Labeled mineralization foci indicated the advancing mineralization front, and the collagenous repair matrix became integrated in an electron-dense organic material that showed labeling for BSP and OPN. Thus, no distinct planar interfacial matrix layer lies between the resorbed dentin and the repair cementum. The results suggest that odontoclasts precondition the dentin matrix such that the repair cementum becomes firmly attached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Berne, Switzerland.
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Bosshardt DD, Sculean A, Windisch P, Pjetursson BE, Lang NP. Effects of enamel matrix proteins on tissue formation along the roots of human teeth. J Periodontal Res 2005; 40:158-67. [PMID: 15733151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enamel matrix-derived proteins (EMD) are thought to trigger the formation of acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC), while other reports indicate that EMD may have osteogenic potential. The aim of the present study was to characterize the tissues developing on the root surface following application of EMD. METHODS Twelve human periodontitis-affected teeth, scheduled for extraction, were treated with EMD. Two to 6 weeks later, the teeth were extracted, demineralized and processed for embedding in acrylic and epoxy resins. New tissue formation was analysed by light and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS New tissue formation on the root was observed in the notch and on both scaled and unscaled root surfaces distant of the notch area in six defects. The newly formed tissues on the root were thick, collagenous, devoid of extrinsic fibres, and had an irregular surface contour. The presence of electron-dense, organic material in the collagenous matrix indicated at least partial mineralization. Embedded cells were numerous and the cells on the matrix surface were very large in size. Abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and a prominent Golgi complex were evident. The presence of a split between the treated root surfaces and the newly formed tissue was a common observation, as was the presence of bacteria and host cells in the interfacial gap. CONCLUSION Following treatment with EMD, a bone-like tissue resembling cellular intrinsic fibre cementum may develop on the root surfaces, instead of AEFC. Furthermore, EMD may both induce de novo formation of a mineralized connective tissue on scaled root surfaces and stimulate matrix deposition on old native cementum. Interfacial bonding appeared to be weak after 6 weeks of healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Many efforts have been made to develop reliable methods for the quantification of immunohistochemical reaction products. Most of the corresponding studies have dealt with problems related to the development of adequate hardware and software, while fewer investigations have focused on variables of histotechnical or immunohistochemical methods. The present paper summarizes findings and experience obtained over many years in this latter field, and a total of 14 corresponding parameters were considered. The studies were performed with methods well established in the author's laboratory; namely immunohistochemistry for various pancreatic hormones and chromogranin A applying the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method on serial semithin sections from the mammalian endocrine pancreas. Optical densities of immunoreactivities were determined using an appropriate measuring program by the interactive image analysis system IBAS. All parameters investigated were found to influence densities of immunoreactivities, and those with major significance were: 1) the thickness of histologic sections; 2) the dilution range of the antisera used as first layers; 3) the type or composition of the buffers used for dilution of the antisera and of the chromogen di-aminobenzidine or as the rinsing solution. All these variables could be standardized in appropriate ways. It was not possible, however, to prevent batch-to-batch (inter-assay) variations. Finally, the results of the present investigations served to increase the efficiency of immunohistochemical staining by the applied methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Grube
- Department of Microscopical Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Rościszewska E. Structure of the ovaries in larvae and mature females of euholognathan stoneflies (Plecoptera). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6395.2001.00090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rhyne B, Pirone J, Riviere J, Monteiro-Riviere N. THE USE OF ENZYME HISTOCHEMISTRY IN DETECTING CUTANEOUS TOXICITY OF THREE TOPICALLY APPLIED JET FUEL MIXTURES. Toxicol Mech Methods 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/1537-650291895748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mueller M, Wacker K, Hickey WF, Ringelstein EB, Kiefer R. Co-localization of multiple antigens and specific DNA. A novel method using methyl methacrylate-embedded semithin serial sections and catalyzed reporter deposition. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2000; 157:1829-38. [PMID: 11106556 PMCID: PMC1885787 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Co-localization of proteins and nucleic acid sequences by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry is frequently difficult as the process necessary to detect the target structure of one technique may negatively affect the target of the other. Morphological impairment may also limit the application of the two techniques on sensitive tissue. To overcome these problems we developed a method to perform in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry on semithin sections of methyl methacrylate-embedded tissue. Microwave-stimulated antigen retrieval, signal amplification by catalyzed reporter deposition, and fluorescent dyes were used for both techniques, yielding high sensitivity and excellent morphological preservation compared to conventional paraffin sections. Co-localization of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry signals with high morphological resolution was achieved on single sections as well as on adjacent multiple serial sections, using computerized image processing. The latter allowed for the co-localization of multiple antigens and a specific DNA sequence at the same tissue level. The method was successfully applied to radiation bone marrow chimeric rats created by transplanting wild-type Lewis rat bone marrow into TK-tsa transgenic Lewis rats, in an attempt to trace and characterize TK-tsa transgenic cells. It also proved useful in the co-localization of multiple antigens in peripheral nerve biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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Frederiks WM, Bosch KS. Quantitative aspects of enzyme histochemistry on sections of freeze-substituted glycol methacrylate-embedded rat liver. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1993; 100:297-302. [PMID: 8276644 DOI: 10.1007/bf00270050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-substituted rat liver embedded in glycol methacrylate (GMA) has been used to demonstrate the activities of several enzymes. The following enzymes could be detected in GMA-sections by the indicated histochemical procedure(s): 5'-nucleotidase (lead salt, cerium-diaminobenzidine), alkaline phosphatase (indoxyl-tetrazolium salt), catalase (diaminobenzidine), acid phosphatase (diazonium salt), lactate dehydrogenase (tetrazolium salt) and glutamate dehydrogenase (tetrazolium salt). The activities of all these enzymes were dramatically decreased compared with the activities demonstrated in unfixed cryostat sections, with the exception of catalase. The activities of the following enzymes could not be detected in GMA-sections: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (tetrazolium salt), xanthine oxidoreductase (tetrazolium salt), D-amino acid oxidase (cerium-diaminobenzidine-cobalt-hydrogen peroxide) and glucose-6-phosphatase (cerium-diaminobenzidine). The possible role of restricted penetration of reagents into the resin was studied by measuring cytophotometrically the enzyme activities in GMA-sections of 3 and 6 microns in thickness. For all the enzymes that could be detected, the 6 microns:3 microns ratio varied from 1.4 to 2.7. An eventual retarded penetration of reagents into the resin was investigated by measuring cytophotometrically the amount of final reaction product during incubation for acid phosphatase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities. In both cases linear relationships without a lag phase were found for the specific enzyme activities with incubation time. Chemical denaturation of proteins or masking of active sites in proteins due to embedding in the resin monomer may be considered to be the main cause of decreased enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Frederiks
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Scala C, Preda P, Cenacchi G, Martinelli GN, Manara GC, Pasquinelli G. A new polychrome stain and simultaneous methods of histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings performed on semithin sections of Bioacryl-embedded human tissues. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1993; 25:670-7. [PMID: 7693625 DOI: 10.1007/bf00157881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new polychrome stain and simultaneous methods of histological, histochemical and immunocytochemical staining performed on sections from human tissues embedded in the new hydrophilic resin Bioacryl. The polychrome stain involves the sequential use of Harris' Haematoxylin, silver methenamine, Light Green and Eosin or Safranin dyes and provides a highly specific visualization of the overall cytological tissue architecture. When histochemical, immunocytochemical, and polychrome stains are performed together on the same section, crisp images are obtained, yielding simultaneous data of histochemical and immunological reactivities with clear tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scala
- Istituto di Microscopia Elettronica Clinica, Università di Bologna, Italy
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Uhr G, Giebel J, Schwenk M. Combined lectin binding and PAS/alcian blue staining in glycol methacrylate sections. Biotech Histochem 1993; 68:240-5. [PMID: 8218578 DOI: 10.3109/10520299309104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of cryofixation and paraffin and glycol methacrylate embedding showed that lectin binding was essentially independent of the embedding medium. Fluorescence intensity increased in the following order: glycol methacrylate, paraffin and cryostat sections. The optical resolution increased in the reverse order. Semi-thin glycol methacrylate sections provided satisfactory fluorescence intensities and the best resolution of all embedding techniques applied. Furthermore the lectin treated sections can be stained further using routine histological or specific histochemical methods. The potassium hydroxide/alcian blue/periodic acid-phenylhydrazine-Schiff method was used successfully to demonstrate sulfated and nonsulfated sialomucins. Lectins combined with mucin histochemistry allowed visualization of specific sugar residues in the same glycol methacrylate plastic section.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Uhr
- Institute of Zoology, Veterinary School of Hanover, Germany
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King JR, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Characterization of lewisite toxicity in isolated perfused skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1992; 116:189-201. [PMID: 1412463 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(92)90298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lewisite (L) is a potent organic arsenical that causes rapid onset of pain and severe vesication on contact with epithelial tissues. The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) is an in vitro model that has shown potential as a model for cutaneous vesicant research. The objective of this study was to characterize IPPSF responses after topical exposure to six concentrations of L ranging from 0.07 to 5.0 mg/ml (n = 4/treatment plus controls). Biochemical markers of viability (glucose utilization (CGU) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release), vascular resistance (VR), venous arsenic flux, and morphological parameters (light and electron microscopy) were evaluated. In addition, lewisite lesions were characterized at 1, 3, 5, and 8 hr after exposure (n = 4/time plus controls) using these morphological parameters, as well as enzyme histochemistry. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions caused by L exposure were dose related. Mild decreases in CGU were noted with the higher concentrations of L, while generally increased responses in LDH release and VR were seen. Marked increases in LDH activity were noted in the blister fluid of IPPSFs treated with 5.0 mg/ml of L. Also, significant cutaneous arsenic flux was noted at the 5.0 mg/ml dose of L. The formation of gross blisters, the location and characterization of epidermal-dermal junction separation, and the time course of lesion production paralleled the description of L-induced lesions in humans. The sensitivity of the IPPSF to L exposure and the similarity of lesions to those described for humans suggests that this model provides a relevant in vitro model with which to study mechanisms of chemical vesication and arsenic toxicity, as well as protective and therapeutic intervention for vesicant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R King
- Cutaneous Pharmacology and Toxicology Center, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27606
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41
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Murray GI. Enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry with freeze-dried or freeze-substituted resin-embedded tissue. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1992; 24:399-408. [PMID: 1506233 DOI: 10.1007/bf01089102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-drying or freeze-substitution, combined with low-temperature resin-embedding, represents a new approach to the optimum preservation of tissue for enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. This method, which avoids tissue fixation, combines excellent tissue morphology with the preservation of enzyme activity and immunoreactivity and allows high-resolution enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical studies to be performed. The activity of a wide range of enzymes can be demonstrated in sections of freeze-dried or freeze-substituted resin-embedded tissue. Enzymes are retained in situ with high activity, accurate localization and no diffusion. Immunohistochemical studies can also be performed on resin sections, and antigens--especially labile antigens--are immobilized in situ without denaturation and can be demonstrated with high sensitivity and accurately localized. This method allows the localization and distribution of enzymes and antigens to be studied in relation to excellent histological and cytological detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Murray
- Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, UK
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42
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Rościszewska E. Ultrastructural and histochemical studies of the egg capsules of Perla marginata (Panzer, 1799) and Dinocras cephalotes (Curtis, 1827) (Plecoptera : Perlidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(91)90009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Femenia F, Alogninouwa T, Perre J, Parodi AL. Etude Histologique, du Ganglion Lymphatique du Bovin, Avant et Après Stimulation Antigénique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1990.tb00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Brewer DB, Murray GI. Semi-thin? semi-thick? J Pathol 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/path.1711580316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
A novel technique combining the freeze drying and embedding in glycol methacrylate at low temperature of tissue permitted the histochemical demonstration of a variety of enzymes, showing maintenance of enzyme activity, accurate enzyme localisation without apparent diffusion, and excellent morphological detail. The results obtained with this new approach were superior to standard techniques used for both enzyme histochemical and morphological studies. Moreover, blocks of the embedded tissue were stored for at least one year at room temperature without loss of enzyme activity. This method should find a wide range of applications in histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Murray
- Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
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Barrow BJ, Ortiz-Reyes R, O'Riordan MA, Pretlow TP. In situ localization of enzymes and mucin in normal rat colon embedded in plastic. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1989; 21:289-95. [PMID: 2476420 DOI: 10.1007/bf01757182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several enzymes were investigated histochemically in the colons of normal male F344 rats in order to understand the function of different types of cells in this tissue. Serial methacrylate-embedded sections (2-4 microns) allowed the precise localizations of several enzymes including acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (hexosaminidase), alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and 5'-nucleotidase. Sites reactive with periodic acid-Schiff were also localized. Gradients of enzyme activity were observed between caecum and rectum and/or from the luminal surfaces to the bases of the crypts for hexosaminidase, esterase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. To our knowledge this is the first histochemical demonstration of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in normal rat colonic epithelial cells. The utilization of the methacrylate-embedding technique has revealed previously undescribed gradients of enzyme activity and has allowed the localization of enzyme activities not previously reported in normal rat colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Barrow
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Biliński SM, Larink O. Fine structure of the egg envelope and the supporting stalk in the dipliran Campodea (Apterygota : Campodeidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(89)90027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Körner T, Rath FW. Enzyme histochemical investigation of ITO's cells in semithin sections of human liver biopsy specimens. Acta Histochem 1989; 85:73-7. [PMID: 2523630 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-1281(89)80101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human liver specimens obtained by needle biopsy were embedded into glycolmethacrylate and enzyme histochemical investigations were carried out on semithin sections. By this method, we could demonstrate an activity of acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) by azo-coupling as well as by metal precipitation methods, of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) by metal precipitation method, and of ATPases (EC 3.6.1.3 and EC 3.6.1.4) in ITO's cells. Special aspects of the application of enzyme histochemical methods to resin-embedded liver tissue are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Körner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, GDR
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50
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Biliński SM. Formation and function of accessory nuclei in the oocytes of the bird louse, Eomenacanthus stramineus (Insecta, Mallophaga). I. Ultrastructural and histochemical studies. Chromosoma 1989; 97:321-6. [PMID: 2468458 DOI: 10.1007/bf00371973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the oocytes of Eomenacanthus stramineus accessory nuclei arise by budding from the nuclear envelope. It is suggested that microtubules and the thick layer of the nuclear lamina are involved in this process. Newly formed accessory nuclei contain aggregations of fibrillogranular material. These aggregations are slightly Feulgen positive, RNA negative and stain positively with the Ag-NOR method. During later developmental stages one dense, RNA-positive inclusion appears in each accessory nucleus. These inclusions consist of an Ag-NOR-positive cortical layer and an Ag-NOR-negative core. The function of accessory nuclei in the species investigated is discussed in the light of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Biliński
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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