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Kotlarz K, Mielczarek M, Biecek P, Wojdak-Maksymiec K, Suchocki T, Topolski P, Jagusiak W, Szyda J. An Explainable Deep Learning Classifier of Bovine Mastitis Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Data-Circumventing the p >> n Problem. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4715. [PMID: 38731932 PMCID: PMC11083318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The serious drawback underlying the biological annotation of whole-genome sequence data is the p >> n problem, which means that the number of polymorphic variants (p) is much larger than the number of available phenotypic records (n). We propose a way to circumvent the problem by combining a LASSO logistic regression with deep learning to classify cows as susceptible or resistant to mastitis, based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. Among several architectures, the one with 204,642 SNPs was selected as the best. This architecture was composed of two layers with, respectively, 7 and 46 units per layer implementing respective drop-out rates of 0.210 and 0.358. The classification of the test data resulted in AUC = 0.750, accuracy = 0.650, sensitivity = 0.600, and specificity = 0.700. Significant SNPs were selected based on the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP). As a final result, one GO term related to the biological process and thirteen GO terms related to molecular function were significantly enriched in the gene set that corresponded to the significant SNPs. Our findings revealed that the optimal approach can correctly predict susceptibility or resistance status for approximately 65% of cows. Genes marked by the most significant SNPs are related to the immune response and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kotlarz
- Biostatistics Group, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 7, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
- University Cancer Diagnostic Center, Poznan University of Medical Science, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magda Mielczarek
- Biostatistics Group, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 7, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
- University Cancer Diagnostic Center, Poznan University of Medical Science, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wojdak-Maksymiec
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Aleja Piastow 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Suchocki
- Biostatistics Group, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 7, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
- University Cancer Diagnostic Center, Poznan University of Medical Science, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Topolski
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (P.T.); (W.J.)
| | - Wojciech Jagusiak
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (P.T.); (W.J.)
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Szyda
- Biostatistics Group, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 7, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
- University Cancer Diagnostic Center, Poznan University of Medical Science, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
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2
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Huang M, Chow CH, Gurdita A, Harada H, Pham Truong VQB, Eide S, Sun HS, Feng ZP, Monnier PP, Wallace VA, Sugita S. SNAP-25, but not SNAP-23, is essential for photoreceptor development, survival, and function in mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:34. [PMID: 38182732 PMCID: PMC10770054 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
SNARE-mediated vesicular transport is thought to play roles in photoreceptor glutamate exocytosis and photopigment delivery. However, the functions of Synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP) isoforms in photoreceptors are unknown. Here, we revisit the expression of SNAP-23 and SNAP-25 and generate photoreceptor-specific knockout mice to investigate their roles. Although we find that SNAP-23 shows weak mRNA expression in photoreceptors, SNAP-23 removal does not affect retinal morphology or vision. SNAP-25 mRNA is developmentally regulated and undergoes mRNA trafficking to photoreceptor inner segments at postnatal day 9 (P9). SNAP-25 knockout photoreceptors develop normally until P9 but degenerate by P14 resulting in severe retinal thinning. Photoreceptor loss in SNAP-25 knockout mice is associated with abolished electroretinograms and vision loss. We find mistrafficked photopigments, enlarged synaptic vesicles, and abnormal synaptic ribbons which potentially underlie photoreceptor degeneration. Our results conclude that SNAP-25, but not SNAP-23, mediates photopigment delivery and synaptic functioning required for photoreceptor development, survival, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Huang
- Division of Experimental & Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chun Hin Chow
- Division of Experimental & Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Akshay Gurdita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Hidekiyo Harada
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Victor Q B Pham Truong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Sarah Eide
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philippe P Monnier
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A9, Canada
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A9, Canada
| | - Shuzo Sugita
- Division of Experimental & Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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3
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Huang LS, Anas M, Xu J, Zhou B, Toth PT, Krishnan Y, Di A, Malik AB. Endosomal trafficking of two-pore K + efflux channel TWIK2 to plasmalemma mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory injury. eLife 2023; 12:e83842. [PMID: 37158595 PMCID: PMC10202452 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium efflux via the two-pore K+ channel TWIK2 is a requisite step for the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, however, it remains unclear how K+ efflux is activated in response to select cues. Here, we report that during homeostasis, TWIK2 resides in endosomal compartments. TWIK2 is transported by endosomal fusion to the plasmalemma in response to increased extracellular ATP resulting in the extrusion of K+. We showed that ATP-induced endosomal TWIK2 plasmalemma translocation is regulated by Rab11a. Deleting Rab11a or ATP-ligated purinergic receptor P2X7 each prevented endosomal fusion with the plasmalemma and K+ efflux as well as NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Adoptive transfer of Rab11a-depleted macrophages into mouse lungs prevented NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory lung injury. We conclude that Rab11a-mediated endosomal trafficking in macrophages thus regulates TWIK2 localization and activity at the cell surface and the downstream activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Results show that endosomal trafficking of TWIK2 to the plasmalemma is a potential therapeutic target in acute or chronic inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shuang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mohammad Anas
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Jingsong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Bisheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Peter T Toth
- Fluorescence Imaging Core, The University of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Anke Di
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
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4
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Wang H, Zhu Y, Liu H, Liang T, Wei Y. Advances in Drug Discovery Targeting Lysosomal Membrane Proteins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040601. [PMID: 37111358 PMCID: PMC10145713 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells and are responsible for various cellular functions, including endocytic degradation, extracellular secretion, and signal transduction. There are dozens of proteins localized to the lysosomal membrane that control the transport of ions and substances across the membrane and are integral to lysosomal function. Mutations or aberrant expression of these proteins trigger a variety of disorders, making them attractive targets for drug development for lysosomal disorder-related diseases. However, breakthroughs in R&D still await a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and processes of how abnormalities in these membrane proteins induce related diseases. In this article, we summarize the current progress, challenges, and prospects for developing therapeutics targeting lysosomal membrane proteins for the treatment of lysosomal-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yidong Zhu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Huiyan Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Tianxiang Liang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510095, China
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5
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An Updated View of the Importance of Vesicular Trafficking and Transport and Their Role in Immune-Mediated Diseases: Potential Therapeutic Interventions. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060552. [PMID: 35736259 PMCID: PMC9230090 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular trafficking is the set of processes of distributing different macromolecules by the cell. This process is highly regulated in cells, involving a system of organelles (endomembranous system), among which are a great variety of vesicles that can be secreted from the cell, giving rise to different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be captured by other cells to modulate their function. The cells of the immune system are especially sensitive to this cellular traffic, producing and releasing different classes of EVs, especially in disease states. There is growing interest in this field due to the therapeutic and translational possibilities it offers. Different ways of taking advantage of the understanding of cell trafficking and EVs are being investigated, and their use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets is being investigated. The objective of this review is to collect the latest results and knowledge in this area with a specific focus on immune-mediated diseases. Although some promising results have been obtained, further knowledge is still needed, at both the basic and translational levels, to understand and modulate cellular traffic and EVs for better clinical management of these patients.
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6
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Bouhamdani N, Comeau D, Turcotte S. A Compendium of Information on the Lysosome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:798262. [PMID: 34977038 PMCID: PMC8714965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.798262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, lysosomes were considered as mere waste bags for cellular constituents. Thankfully, studies carried out in the past 15 years were brimming with elegant and crucial breakthroughs in lysosome research, uncovering their complex roles as nutrient sensors and characterizing them as crucial multifaceted signaling organelles. This review presents the scientific knowledge on lysosome physiology and functions, starting with their discovery and reviewing up to date ground-breaking discoveries highlighting their heterogeneous functions as well as pending questions that remain to be answered. We also review the roles of lysosomes in anti-cancer drug resistance and how they undergo a series of molecular and functional changes during malignant transformation which lead to tumor aggression, angiogenesis, and metastases. Finally, we discuss the strategy of targeting lysosomes in cancer which could lead to the development of new and effective targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouhamdani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Dr. Georges-L. Dumont University Hospital Centre, Clinical Research Sector, Vitalité Health Network, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Dominique Comeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Sandra Turcotte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
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7
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Li J, Kumari T, Barazia A, Jha V, Jeong SY, Olson A, Kim M, Lee BK, Manickam V, Song Z, Clemens R, Razani B, Kim J, Dinauer MC, Cho J. Neutrophil DREAM promotes neutrophil recruitment in vascular inflammation. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211083. [PMID: 34751735 PMCID: PMC8719643 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between neutrophils and endothelial cells is critical for the pathogenesis of vascular inflammation. However, the regulation of neutrophil adhesive function remains not fully understood. Intravital microscopy demonstrates that neutrophil DREAM promotes neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation induced by TNF-α but not MIP-2 or fMLP. We observe that neutrophil DREAM represses expression of A20, a negative regulator of NF-κB activity, and enhances expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) after TNF-α stimulation. Studies using genetic and pharmacologic approaches reveal that DREAM deficiency and IKKβ inhibition significantly diminish the ligand-binding activity of β2 integrins in TNF-α-stimulated neutrophils or neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. Neutrophil DREAM promotes degranulation through IKKβ-mediated SNAP-23 phosphorylation. Using sickle cell disease mice lacking DREAM, we show that hematopoietic DREAM promotes vaso-occlusive events in microvessels following TNF-α challenge. Our study provides evidence that targeting DREAM might be a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce excessive neutrophil recruitment in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tripti Kumari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew Barazia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Vishwanath Jha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Si-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Amber Olson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mijeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Vijayprakash Manickam
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Zhimin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Regina Clemens
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Babak Razani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Mary C. Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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8
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Chen H, Wang L, Wang S, Li J, Li Z, Lin Y, Wang X, Huang X. Construction of Hybrid Bi‐microcompartments with Exocytosis‐Inspired Behavior toward Fast Temperature‐Modulated Transportation of Living Organisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Shengliang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Junbo Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Youping Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
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9
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Chen H, Wang L, Wang S, Li J, Li Z, Lin Y, Wang X, Huang X. Construction of Hybrid Bi-microcompartments with Exocytosis-Inspired Behavior toward Fast Temperature-Modulated Transportation of Living Organisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20795-20802. [PMID: 33908155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the unique characteristics of living cells, the creation of life-inspired functional ensembles is a rapidly expanding research topic, enabling transformative applications in various disciplines. Herein, we report a facile method for the fabrication of phospholipid and block copolymer hybrid bi-microcompartments via spontaneous asymmetric assembly at the water/tributyrin interface, whereby the temperature-mediated dewetting of the inner microcompartments allowed for exocytosis to occur in the constructed system. The exocytosis location and commencement time could be controlled by the buoyancy of the inner microcompartment and temperature, respectively. Furthermore, the constructed bi-microcompartments showed excellent biocompatibility and a universal loading capacity toward cargoes of widely ranging sizes; thus, the proliferation and temperature-programmed transportation of living organisms was achieved. Our results highlight opportunities for the development of complex mesoscale dynamic ensembles with life-inspired behaviors and provide a novel platform for on-demand transport of various living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shengliang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Junbo Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Youping Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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10
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Fettrelet T, Gigon L, Karaulov A, Yousefi S, Simon HU. The Enigma of Eosinophil Degranulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137091. [PMID: 34209362 PMCID: PMC8268949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are specialized white blood cells, which are involved in the pathology of diverse allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases. Eosinophils are traditionally known as cytotoxic effector cells but have been suggested to additionally play a role in immunomodulation and maintenance of homeostasis. The exact role of these granule-containing leukocytes in health and diseases is still a matter of debate. Degranulation is one of the key effector functions of eosinophils in response to diverse stimuli. The different degranulation patterns occurring in eosinophils (piecemeal degranulation, exocytosis and cytolysis) have been extensively studied in the last few years. However, the exact mechanism of the diverse degranulation types remains unknown and is still under investigation. In this review, we focus on recent findings and highlight the diversity of stimulation and methods used to evaluate eosinophil degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Fettrelet
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lea Gigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, D-16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-3281
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11
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Lysosomal Functions in Glia Associated with Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030400. [PMID: 33803137 PMCID: PMC7999372 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain various acidic digestive enzymes. Despite their small size, they have multiple functions. Lysosomes remove or recycle unnecessary cell parts. They repair damaged cellular membranes by exocytosis. Lysosomes also sense cellular energy status and transmit signals to the nucleus. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system and have an active role in homeostatic support for neurons. In response to dynamic cues, glia use lysosomal pathways for the secretion and uptake of regulatory molecules, which affect the physiology of neighboring neurons. Therefore, functional aberration of glial lysosomes can trigger neuronal degeneration. Here, we review lysosomal functions in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia, with emphasis on neurodegeneration.
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Machado ER, Annunziata I, van de Vlekkert D, Grosveld GC, d’Azzo A. Lysosomes and Cancer Progression: A Malignant Liaison. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642494. [PMID: 33718382 PMCID: PMC7952443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During primary tumorigenesis isolated cancer cells may undergo genetic or epigenetic changes that render them responsive to additional intrinsic or extrinsic cues, so that they enter a transitional state and eventually acquire an aggressive, metastatic phenotype. Among these changes is the alteration of the cell metabolic/catabolic machinery that creates the most permissive conditions for invasion, dissemination, and survival. The lysosomal system has emerged as a crucial player in this malignant transformation, making this system a potential therapeutic target in cancer. By virtue of their ubiquitous distribution in mammalian cells, their multifaced activities that control catabolic and anabolic processes, and their interplay with other organelles and the plasma membrane (PM), lysosomes function as platforms for inter- and intracellular communication. This is due to their capacity to adapt and sense nutrient availability, to spatially segregate specific functions depending on their position, to fuse with other compartments and with the PM, and to engage in membrane contact sites (MCS) with other organelles. Here we review the latest advances in our understanding of the role of the lysosomal system in cancer progression. We focus on how changes in lysosomal nutrient sensing, as well as lysosomal positioning, exocytosis, and fusion perturb the communication between tumor cells themselves and between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Finally, we describe the potential impact of MCS between lysosomes and other organelles in propelling cancer growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda R. Machado
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | | | - Gerard C. Grosveld
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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K 2P2.1 (TREK-1) potassium channel activation protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22011. [PMID: 33319831 PMCID: PMC7738539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
No targeted therapies exist to counteract Hyperoxia (HO)-induced Acute Lung Injury (HALI). We previously found that HO downregulates alveolar K2P2.1 (TREK-1) K+ channels, which results in worsening lung injury. This decrease in TREK-1 levels leaves a subset of channels amendable to pharmacological intervention. Therefore, we hypothesized that TREK-1 activation protects against HALI. We treated HO-exposed mice and primary alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) with the novel TREK-1 activators ML335 and BL1249, and quantified physiological, histological, and biochemical lung injury markers. We determined the effects of these drugs on epithelial TREK-1 currents, plasma membrane potential (Em), and intracellular Ca2+ (iCa) concentrations using fluorometric assays, and blocked voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaV) as a downstream mechanism of cytokine secretion. Once-daily, intra-tracheal injections of HO-exposed mice with ML335 or BL1249 improved lung compliance, histological lung injury scores, broncho-alveolar lavage protein levels and cell counts, and IL-6 and IP-10 concentrations. TREK-1 activation also decreased IL-6, IP-10, and CCL-2 secretion from primary AECs. Mechanistically, ML335 and BL1249 induced TREK-1 currents in AECs, counteracted HO-induced cell depolarization, and lowered iCa2+ concentrations. In addition, CCL-2 secretion was decreased after L-type CaV inhibition. Therefore, Em stabilization with TREK-1 activators may represent a novel approach to counteract HALI.
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14
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Sano A, Sano H, Iwanaga T, Tohda Y. Functional role of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C in regulating leukotriene synthesis and degranulation in human eosinophils. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173353. [PMID: 32707189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) regulate both eosinophil degranulation and leukotriene (LT) synthesis via PI-PLC-mediated calcium influx and cPLA2 activation. Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) likely plays a key role in cellular signaling, including the eosinophilic allergic inflammatory response. This study examined the role of PC-PLC in eosinophil LT synthesis and degranulation using tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609), a PC-specific PLC inhibitor. D609 inhibited N-formyl-met-leu-phe + cytochalasin B (fMLP/B)-induced arachidonic acid (AA) release and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) secretion. However, at concentrations that blocked both AA release and LTC4 secretion, D609 had no significant inhibitory effect on stimulated cPLA2 activity. D609 also partially blocked fMLP/B-induced calcium influx, indicating that inhibition of AA release and LTC4 secretion by D609 is due to inhibition of calcium-mediated cPLA2 translocation to intracellular membranes, not inhibition of cPLA2 activity. In addition, D609 inhibited fMLP/B-stimulated eosinophil peroxidase release, indicating that PC-PLC regulates fMLP/B-induced eosinophil degranulation by increasing the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Overall, our results showed that PC-PLC is critical for fMLP/B-stimulated eosinophil LT synthesis and degranulation. In addition, degranulation requires calcium influx, while PC-PLC regulates LTC4 synthesis through calcium-mediated cPLA2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohnohigashi Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohnohigashi Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwanaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohnohigashi Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuji Tohda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohnohigashi Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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15
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Almas S, Fayad N, Srivastava O, Siddique M, Touret N, Lacy P. Cytokine trafficking of IL-9 and IL-13 through TfnRc + vesicles in activated human eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:753-762. [PMID: 32911568 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ma0820-320rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are granulocytes that are elevated in lung mucosa in approximately half of patients with allergic asthma. These highly granulated cells can synthesize and secrete many cytokines, including IL-9 and IL-13. We hypothesized that IL-9 and IL-13 are found as preformed mediators in crystalloid granules and secreted using distinct trafficking pathways. Human eosinophils were purified from peripheral venous blood, adhered to coverslips, and stimulated with platelet activating factor (PAF). Cells were immunolabeled with antibodies to IL-9 or IL-13 and colocalized with markers for secretory organelles, using CD63 for crystalloid granules and transferrin receptor (TfnRc) for vesicles. Fixed cells were imaged using super-resolution microscopy and quantified by colocalization using Pearson's correlation coefficient. IL-9 immunofluorescence increased in a time-dependent manner to PAF, whereas colocalization of IL-9 and CD63 significantly increased from 0.52 to 0.67 after 5 min PAF. Colocalization of IL-9 with TfnRc significantly increased at 60 min of stimulation with PAF (0.54 at 0 min to 0.60 at 60 min). IL-13 showed lower colocalization with CD63 (0.55) than TfnRc (0.63) in unstimulated cells. Upon PAF stimulation, IL-13 intensity transiently decreased at 5 and 60 min, whereas colocalization of IL-13 with CD63 decreased throughout stimulation to 0.43. While colocalization of IL-13 with TfnRc transiently increased to 0.66 at 5 min PAF, it returned to near baseline levels (0.64) after 15 min PAF. Our results suggest that IL-9 and IL-13 are stored in crystalloid granules as well as endosomal structures, and that IL-9 is primarily trafficked to the cell surface via TfnRc+ endosome-like vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Almas
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nawell Fayad
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ojas Srivastava
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mujtaba Siddique
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicolas Touret
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paige Lacy
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Sun W, Tian BX, Wang SH, Liu PJ, Wang YC. The function of SEC22B and its role in human diseases. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:303-312. [PMID: 32748571 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins are a large protein complex that is involved in the membrane fusion in vesicle trafficking, cell growth, cytokinesis, membrane repair, and synaptic transmission. As one of the SNARE proteins, SEC22B functions in membrane fusion of vesicle trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, antigen cross-presentation, secretory autophagy, and other biological processes. However, apart from not being SNARE proteins, there is little knowledge known about its two homologs (SEC22A and SEC22C). SEC22B alterations have been reported in many human diseases, especially, many mutations of SEC22B in human cancers have been detected. In this review, we will introduce the specific functions of SEC22B, and summarize the researches about SEC22B in human cancers and other diseases. These findings have laid the foundation for further studies to clarify the exact mechanism of SEC22B in the pathological process and to seek new therapeutic targets and better treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bi-Xia Tian
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Hong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei-Jun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao-Chun Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Lysosomal Exocytosis, Exosome Release and Secretory Autophagy: The Autophagic- and Endo-Lysosomal Systems Go Extracellular. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072576. [PMID: 32276321 PMCID: PMC7178086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond the consolidated role in degrading and recycling cellular waste, the autophagic- and endo-lysosomal systems play a crucial role in extracellular release pathways. Lysosomal exocytosis is a process leading to the secretion of lysosomal content upon lysosome fusion with plasma membrane and is an important mechanism of cellular clearance, necessary to maintain cell fitness. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles originating from the inward budding of the membrane of late endosomes, which may not fuse with lysosomes but be released extracellularly upon exocytosis. In addition to garbage disposal tools, they are now considered a cell-to-cell communication mechanism. Autophagy is a cellular process leading to sequestration of cytosolic cargoes for their degradation within lysosomes. However, the autophagic machinery is also involved in unconventional protein secretion and autophagy-dependent secretion, which are fundamental mechanisms for toxic protein disposal, immune signalling and pathogen surveillance. These cellular processes underline the crosstalk between the autophagic and the endosomal system and indicate an intersection between degradative and secretory functions. Further, they suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying fusion, either with lysosomes or plasma membrane, are key determinants to maintain cell homeostasis upon stressing stimuli. When they fail, the accumulation of undigested substrates leads to pathological consequences, as indicated by the involvement of autophagic and lysosomal alteration in human diseases, namely lysosomal storage disorders, age-related neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge on the functional role of extracellular release pathways involving lysosomes and the autophagic- and endo-lysosomal systems, evaluating their implication in health and disease.
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18
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Grozdanovic MM, Doyle CB, Liu L, Maybruck BT, Kwatia MA, Thiyagarajan N, Acharya KR, Ackerman SJ. Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 interacts with cationic ribonucleases and is required for eosinophil granulogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:377-389.e10. [PMID: 31982451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein is a member of the Galectin superfamily and is also known as galectin-10 (Gal-10). CLC/Gal-10 forms the distinctive hexagonal bipyramidal crystals that are considered hallmarks of eosinophil participation in allergic responses and related inflammatory reactions; however, the glycan-containing ligands of CLC/Gal-10, its cellular function(s), and its role(s) in allergic diseases are unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the binding partners of CLC/Gal-10 and elucidate its role in eosinophil biology. METHODS Intracellular binding partners were determined by ligand blotting with CLC/Gal-10, followed by coimmunoprecipitation and coaffinity purifications. The role of CLC/Gal-10 in eosinophil function was determined by using enzyme activity assays, confocal microscopy, and short hairpin RNA knockout of CLC/Gal-10 expression in human CD34+ cord blood hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to eosinophils. RESULTS CLC/Gal-10 interacts with both human eosinophil granule cationic ribonucleases (RNases), namely, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (RNS2) and eosinophil cationic protein (RNS3), and with murine eosinophil-associated RNases. The interaction is independent of glycosylation and is not inhibitory toward endoRNase activity. Activation of eosinophils with INF-γ induces the rapid colocalization of CLC/Gal-10 with eosinophil-derived neurotoxin/RNS2 and CD63. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of CLC/Gal-10 in human cord blood-derived CD34+ progenitor cells impairs eosinophil granulogenesis. CONCLUSIONS CLC/Gal-10 functions as a carrier for the sequestration and vesicular transport of the potent eosinophil granule cationic RNases during both differentiation and degranulation, enabling their intracellular packaging and extracellular functions in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Grozdanovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Christine B Doyle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Brian T Maybruck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Mark A Kwatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Nethaji Thiyagarajan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
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19
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Lipidomic profiling analysis of the phospholipid molecules in SCAP-induced lipid droplet formation in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 149:106420. [PMID: 31953015 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytoplasm plays an important role in energy balance, membrane synthesis and cell signal transduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the profile of phospholipids after SCAP-induced LD formation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). A shRNA-SCAP vector and a SCAP/SREBP vector were used to knock down and overexpress the SCAP gene in BMECs prior to evaluating the effects on LDs using Western blotting, real-time PCR, LD staining and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average LD diameter was determined following oil red O staining. The overexpression of SCAP increased the abundance of SCD, ACACA and FASN genes and nuclear SREBP1a. In contrast, knocking down SCAP decreased the abundance of the nuclear SREBP1a protein and downregulated the abundance of target genes. Lipid droplet staining revealed that knocking down SCAP reduced LD formation and average LD diameter. In contrast, overexpression of SCAP increased the formation and size of the LDs. The results from an analysis of cellular lipids revealed that phospholipids are the predominant species in the profile of cell lipids. phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are important for determining the size of LDs. The LD formation induced by SCAP gene overexpression and knockdown underscored the role of phospholipids involved in lipid droplet formation and fusion.
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20
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Sacramento JF, Olea E, Ribeiro MJ, Prieto-Lloret J, Melo BF, Gonzalez C, Martins FO, Monteiro EC, Conde SV. Contribution of adenosine and ATP to the carotid body chemosensory activity in ageing. J Physiol 2019; 597:4991-5008. [PMID: 31426127 DOI: 10.1113/jp274179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Adenosine and ATP are excitatory neurotransmitters involved in the carotid body (CB) response to hypoxia. During ageing the CB exhibits a decline in its functionality, demonstrated by decreased hypoxic responses. In aged rats (20-24 months old) there is a decrease in: basal and hypoxic release of adenosine and ATP from the CB; expression of adenosine and ATP receptors in the petrosal ganglion; carotid sinus nerve (CSN) activity in response to hypoxia; and ventilatory responses to ischaemic hypoxia. There is also an increase in SNAP25, ENT1 and CD73 expression. It is concluded that, although CSN activity and ventilatory responses to hypoxia decrease with age, adjustments in purinergic metabolism in the CB in aged animals are present aiming to maintain the contribution of adenosine and ATP. The possible significance of the findings in the context of ageing and in CB-associated pathologies is considered. ABSTRACT During ageing the carotid body (CB) exhibits a decline in its functionality. Here we investigated the effect of ageing on functional CB characteristics as well as the contribution of adenosine and ATP to CB chemosensory activity. Experiments were performed in 3-month-old and 20- to 24-month-old male Wistar rats. Ageing decreased: the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immune-positive cells, but not type II cells or nestin-positive cells in the CB; the expression of P2X2 and A2A receptors in the petrosal ganglion; and the basal and hypoxic release of adenosine and ATP from the CB. Ageing increased ecto-nucleotidase (CD73) immune-positive cells and the expression of synaptosome associated protein 25 (SNAP25) and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) in the CB. Additionally, ageing did not modify basal carotid sinus nerve (CSN) activity or the activity in response to hypercapnia, but decreased CSN activity in hypoxia. The contribution of adenosine and ATP to stimuli-evoked CSN chemosensory activity in aged animals followed the same pattern of 3-month-old animals. Bilateral common carotid occlusions during 5, 10 and 15 s increased ventilation proportionally to the duration of ischaemia, an effect decreased by ageing. ATP contributed around 50% to ischaemic-ventilatory responses in young and aged rats; the contribution of adenosine was dependent on the intensity of ischaemia, being maximal in ischaemias of 5 s (50%) and much smaller in 15 s ischaemias. Our results demonstrate that both ATP and adenosine contribute to CB chemosensory activity in ageing. Though CB responses to hypoxia, but not to hypercapnia, decrease with age, the relative contribution of both ATP and adenosine for CB activity is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F Sacramento
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Olea
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria J Ribeiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jesus Prieto-Lloret
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Bernardete F Melo
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constancio Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fatima O Martins
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emilia C Monteiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvia V Conde
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
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Drescher D, Büchner T, Guttmann P, Werner S, Schneider G, Kneipp J. X-ray tomography shows the varying three-dimensional morphology of gold nanoaggregates in the cellular ultrastructure. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2937-2945. [PMID: 36133586 PMCID: PMC9418343 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00198k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The processing of nanoparticles inside eukaryotic cells is a key step in many wanted and unwanted nano-bio-interactions. In order to understand the effects and functions of the intracellular aggregates that are formed, their properties and their interaction with the biological matrix must be characterized. High quality synchrotron soft X-ray tomography (SXT) data were obtained from cells containing gold nanoparticles that are commonly applied as tools for optical probing or drug delivery. 3D volume rendering of both cellular organelles and the nanoparticle aggregates of different sizes in the intact cells of two cell lines reveals variation in localization, size, shape and density of the intracellular gold nanoaggregates. The dependence of such variation on incubation time and cell type, as well as on the influence of pre-aggregation of primary nanoparticles is shown. The SXT results provide a detailed picture of intracellular aggregation and will improve the design of safe and efficient nanoparticle platforms for biomedical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Drescher
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Tina Büchner
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Guttmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Research Group X-ray Microscopy Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Stephan Werner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Research Group X-ray Microscopy Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Gerd Schneider
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Research Group X-ray Microscopy Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Albert-Einstein-Str. 5-9 12489 Berlin Germany
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22
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Mansfield KM, Gilmore TD. Innate immunity and cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae mutualism. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:199-209. [PMID: 30268783 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, hydra, jellyfish) is one the most distantly related animal phyla to humans, and yet cnidarians harbor many of the same cellular pathways involved in innate immunity in mammals. In addition to its role in pathogen recognition, the innate immune system has a role in managing beneficial microbes and supporting mutualistic microbial symbioses. Some corals and sea anemones undergo mutualistic symbioses with photosynthetic algae in the family Symbiodiniaceae. These symbioses can be disrupted by anthropogenic disturbances of ocean environments, which can have devastating consequences for the health of coral reef ecosystems. Several studies of cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis have implicated proteins in the host immune system as playing a role in both symbiont tolerance and loss of symbiosis (i.e., bleaching). In this review, we critically evaluate current knowledge about the role of host immunity in the regulation of symbiosis in cnidarians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas D Gilmore
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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23
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Bostanci N, Bao K, Li X, Maekawa T, Grossmann J, Panse C, Briones RA, Resuello RRG, Tuplano JV, Garcia CAG, Reis ES, Lambris JD, Hajishengallis G. Gingival Exudatome Dynamics Implicate Inhibition of the Alternative Complement Pathway in the Protective Action of the C3 Inhibitor Cp40 in Nonhuman Primate Periodontitis. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3153-3175. [PMID: 30111112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease associated with dysbiosis. Although complement inhibition has been successfully used to treat periodontitis in animal models, studies globally analyzing inflamed tissue proteins to glean insight into possible mechanisms of action are missing. Using quantitative shotgun proteomics, we aimed to investigate differences in composition of inflammatory gingival tissue exudate ("gingival crevicular fluid"; GCF), before and after local administration of an inhibitor of the central complement component, C3, in nonhuman primates. The C3 inhibitor, Cp40 (also known as AMY-101) was administered locally in the maxillary gingival tissue of cynomolgus monkeys with established periodontitis, either once a week (1×-treatment; n = 5 animals) or three times per week (3×-treatment; n = 10 animals), for 6 weeks followed by another 6 weeks of observation in the absence of treatment. 45 GCF samples were processed for FASP digestion and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Data were processed using the ProgenesisQI software. The statistical significance of differences between the groups was determined by RM-ANOVA, and a protein expression change was considered as a true regulation at >2-fold and p < 0.05. The human orthologues were subjected to Gene Ontology analyses using PANTHER. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009502. 573 proteins with >2 peptides were longitudinally quantified. Both 3× and 1× administration of Cp40 resulted in significant down-regulation of dozens of proteins during the 6-week course of treatment as compared to baseline. Following drug withdrawal at 6 weeks, more than 50% of the down-regulated proteins showed increased levels at week 12. The top scored pathway was "complement activation, alternative pathway", and several proteins involved in this pathway were down-regulated at 6 weeks. We mapped the proteomic fingerprint changes in local tissue exudate of cynomolgus monkey periodontitis in response to C3 inhibition and identified the alternative pathway of complement activation and leukocyte degranulation as main targets, which are thus likely to play significant roles in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Label-free quantitative proteomics strategies utilizing GCF are powerful tools for the identification of treatment targets and providing insights into disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Centre Zurich , University of Zurich/ETH Zurich , 8006 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Christian Panse
- Functional Genomics Centre Zurich , University of Zurich/ETH Zurich , 8006 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Ruel A Briones
- Manila Central University , College of Dentistry , Caloocan City , 1400 Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - Ranillo R G Resuello
- Simian Conservation Breeding and Research Center (SICONBREC) , Makati City , 1213 Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - Joel V Tuplano
- Simian Conservation Breeding and Research Center (SICONBREC) , Makati City , 1213 Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - Cristina A G Garcia
- Manila Central University , College of Dentistry , Caloocan City , 1400 Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7-mediated eosinophil degranulation promotes allergic airway inflammation in mice. Commun Biol 2018; 1:83. [PMID: 30271964 PMCID: PMC6123774 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil degranulation is a determining factor in allergy-mediated airway pathology. Receptor-mediated degranulation in eosinophils requires vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP-7), a principal component of the SNARE fusion machinery. The specific contribution of eosinophil degranulation to allergen-induced airway responses remains poorly understood. We generated mice with VAMP-7 gene deficiency exclusively in eosinophils (eoCRE/V7) from a cross using eosinophil-specific Cre recombinase-expressing mice crossed with VAMP-7f/f mice. Eosinophils from eoCRE/V7 mice showed deficient degranulation responses in vitro, and responses continued to be decreased following ex vivo intratracheal adoptive transfer of eoCRE/V7 eosinophils into IL-5/hE2/EPX−/− mice. Consistent with diminished degranulation responses, reduced airway hyperresponsiveness was observed in ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged eoCRE/V7 mice following methacholine inhalation. Therefore, VAMP-7 mediates eosinophil degranulation both in vitro and ex vivo, and this event augments airway hyperresponsiveness. Lian Willetts et al. demonstrate that vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP 7), a principal component of the membrane fusion machinery, promotes eosinophil degranulation in allergic airway inflammation. This study suggests VAMP7 as a therapeutic target for ameliorating asthma.
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25
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Rigoni A, Colombo MP, Pucillo C. Mast cells, basophils and eosinophils: From allergy to cancer. Semin Immunol 2018; 35:29-34. [PMID: 29428698 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Basophils, eosinophils and mast cells were first recognized by Paul Ehrlich in the late 19th century. These cells have common, but non-redundant roles, in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and in the protection against parasites. Nevertheless, in virtue of their shared-adeptness to produce a huge variety of immunological mediators and express membrane-bound receptors, they are able to interact with immune and non-immune components of the tissue microenvironment, contributing to the regulation of tissue homeostasis and immune response while participating to further deregulation of tissues transforming into neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rigoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - C Pucillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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26
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Kzhyshkowska J, Gratchev A, Goerdt S. Human Chitinases and Chitinase-Like Proteins as Indicators for Inflammation and Cancer. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190700200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Glyco_18 domain-containing proteins constitute a family of chitinases and chitinase-like proteins. Chitotriosidase and AMCase are true enzymes which hydrolyse chitin and have a C-terminal chitin-binding domain. YKL-40, YKL-39, SI-CLP and murine YM1/2 proteins possess solely Glyco_18 domain and do not have the hydrolytic activity. The major sources of Glyco_18 containing proteins are macrophages, neutrophils, epithelial cells, chondrocytes, synovial cells, and cancer cells. Both macrophages and neutrophils use the regulated secretory mechanism for the release of Glyco_18 containing proteins. Glyco_18 containing proteins are established biomarkers for human diseases. Chitotriosidase is overproduced by lipid-laden macrophages and is a major marker for the inherited lysosomal storage Gaucher disease. AMCase and murine lectin YM1 are upregulated in Th2-environment, and enzymatic activity of AMCase contributes to asthma pathogenesis. YKL proteins act as soluble mediators for the cell proliferation and migration, and are also involved in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Chitotriosidase and YKL-40 reflect the macrophage activation in atherosclerotic plaques. Serum level of YKL-40 is a diagnostic and prognostic marker for numerous types of solid tumors. YKL-39 is a marker for the activation of chondrocytes and the progression of the osteoarthritis in human. Recently identified SI-CLP is upregulated by Th2 cytokine IL-4 as well as by glucocorticoids. This unique feature of SI-CLP makes it an attractive candidate for the examination of individual sensitivity of patients to glucocorticoid treatment and prediction of side effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Human chitinases and chitinase-like proteins are found in tissues and circulation, and can be detected by non-invasive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
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Prashar A, Schnettger L, Bernard EM, Gutierrez MG. Rab GTPases in Immunity and Inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:435. [PMID: 29034219 PMCID: PMC5627064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Strict spatiotemporal control of trafficking events between organelles is critical for maintaining homeostasis and directing cellular responses. This regulation is particularly important in immune cells for mounting specialized immune defenses. By controlling the formation, transport and fusion of intracellular organelles, Rab GTPases serve as master regulators of membrane trafficking. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Rab GTPases regulate immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maximiliano G. Gutierrez
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Li WH. Probes for monitoring regulated exocytosis. Cell Calcium 2017; 64:65-71. [PMID: 28089267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated secretion is a fundamental cellular process that serves diverse functions in neurobiology, endocrinology, immunology, and numerous other aspects of animal physiology. In response to environmental or biological cues, cells release contents of secretory granules into an extracellular medium to communicate with or impact neighboring or distant cells through paracrine or endocrine signaling. To investigate mechanisms governing stimulus-secretion coupling, to better understand how cells maintain or regulate their secretory activity, and to characterize secretion defects in human diseases, probes for tracking various exocytotic events at the cellular or sub-cellular level have been developed over the years. This review summarizes different strategies and recent progress in developing optical probes for monitoring regulated secretion in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hong Li
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States.
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29
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Celik MÖ, Labuz D, Henning K, Busch-Dienstfertig M, Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Kieffer BL, Zimmer A, Machelska H. Leukocyte opioid receptors mediate analgesia via Ca(2+)-regulated release of opioid peptides. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:227-242. [PMID: 27139929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are the most powerful analgesics. As pain is driven by sensory transmission and opioid receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins, according to the classical concept, opioids alleviate pain by activating receptors on neurons and blocking the release of excitatory mediators (e.g., substance P). Here we show that analgesia can be mediated by opioid receptors in immune cells. We propose that activation of leukocyte opioid receptors leads to the secretion of opioid peptides Met-enkephalin, β-endorphin and dynorphin A (1-17), which subsequently act at local neuronal receptors, to relieve pain. In a mouse model of neuropathic pain induced by a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, exogenous agonists of δ-, μ- and κ-opioid receptors injected at the damaged nerve infiltrated by opioid peptide- and receptor-expressing leukocytes, produced analgesia, as assessed with von Frey filaments. The analgesia was attenuated by pharmacological or genetic inactivation of opioid peptides, and by leukocyte depletion. This decrease in analgesia was restored by the transfer of wild-type, but not opioid receptor-lacking leukocytes. Ex vivo, exogenous opioids triggered secretion of opioid peptides from wild-type immune cells isolated from damaged nerves, which was diminished by blockade of Gαi/o or Gβγ (but not Gαs) proteins, by chelator of intracellular (but not extracellular) Ca(2+), by blockers of phospholipase C (PLC) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors, and was partially attenuated by protein kinase C inhibitor. Similarly, the leukocyte depletion-induced decrease in exogenous opioid analgesia was re-established by transfer of immune cells ex vivo pretreated with extracellular Ca(2+) chelator, but was unaltered by leukocytes pretreated with intracellular Ca(2+) chelator or blockers of Gαi/o and Gβγ proteins. Thus, both ex vivo opioid peptide release and in vivo analgesia were mediated by leukocyte opioid receptors coupled to the Gαi/o-Gβγ protein-PLC-IP3 receptors-intracellular Ca(2+) pathway. Our findings suggest that opioid receptors in immune cells are important targets for the control of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Ö Celik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dominika Labuz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Karen Henning
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Melanie Busch-Dienstfertig
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Claire Gaveriaux-Ruff
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Halina Machelska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Shim J, Kennedy RH, Weatherly LM, Hutchinson LM, Pelletier JH, Hashmi HN, Blais K, Velez A, Gosse JA. Arsenic inhibits mast cell degranulation via suppression of early tyrosine phosphorylation events. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1446-59. [PMID: 27018130 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic is a global health concern. We previously documented an inhibitory effect of inorganic Arsenite on IgE-mediated degranulation of RBL-2H3 mast cells (Hutchinson et al., 2011; J. Appl. Toxicol. 31: 231-241). Mast cells are tissue-resident cells that are positioned at the host-environment interface, thereby serving vital roles in many physiological processes and disease states, in addition to their well-known roles in allergy and asthma. Upon activation, mast cells secrete several mediators from cytoplasmic granules, in degranulation. The present study is an investigation of Arsenite's molecular target(s) in the degranulation pathway. Here, we report that arsenic does not affect degranulation stimulated by either the Ca(2) (+) ionophore A23187 or thapsigargin, which both bypass early signaling events. Arsenic also does not alter degranulation initiated by another non-IgE-mediated mast cell stimulant, the G-protein activator compound 48/80. However, arsenic inhibits Ca(2) (+) influx into antigen-activated mast cells. These results indicate that the target of arsenic in the degranulation pathway is upstream of the Ca(2) (+) influx. Phospho-Syk and phospho-p85 phosphoinositide 3-kinase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays data show that arsenic inhibits early phosphorylation events. Taken together, this evidence indicates that the mechanism underlying arsenic inhibition of mast cell degranulation occurs at the early tyrosine phosphorylation steps in the degranulation pathway. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Shim
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Rachel H Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Lisa M Weatherly
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Lee M Hutchinson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Jonathan H Pelletier
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Hina N Hashmi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Kayla Blais
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Alejandro Velez
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Julie A Gosse
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.
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31
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Abstract
A multitude of physiological processes regulated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling are accomplished by the participation of active rearrangements of the cytoskeleton. In general, it is common that a cross talk occurs among networks of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in order to reach specific cell responses. In particular, actin-cytoskeleton dynamics regulate processes such as cell shape, cell division, cell motility, and cell polarization, among others. This chapter describes the current knowledge about the regulation of actin-cytoskeleton dynamic by diverse GPCR signaling pathways, and also includes some protocols combining immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy for the visualization of the different rearrangements of the actin-cytoskeleton. We report how both the S1P-GPCR/G12/13/Rho/ROCK and glucagon-GPCR/Gs/cAMP axes induce differential actin-cytoskeleton rearrangements in epithelial cells. We also show that specific actin-binding molecules, like phalloidin and LifeAct, are very useful to analyze F-actin reorganization by confocal microscopy, and also that both molecules show similar results in fixed cells, whereas the anti-actin antibody is useful to detect both the G- and F-actin, as well as their compartmentalization. Thus, it is highly recommended to utilize different approaches to investigate the regulation of actin dynamics by GPCR signaling, with the aim to get a better picture of the phenomenon under study.
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Current status and future directions of botulinum neurotoxins for targeting pain processing. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4519-63. [PMID: 26556371 PMCID: PMC4663519 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) A1 and B1, given locally into peripheral tissues such as skin, muscles, and joints, alter nociceptive processing otherwise initiated by inflammation or nerve injury in animal models and humans. Recent data indicate that such locally delivered BoNTs exert not only local action on sensory afferent terminals but undergo transport to central afferent cell bodies (dorsal root ganglia) and spinal dorsal horn terminals, where they cleave SNAREs and block transmitter release. Increasing evidence supports the possibility of a trans-synaptic movement to alter postsynaptic function in neuronal and possibly non-neuronal (glial) cells. The vast majority of these studies have been conducted on BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1, the only two pharmaceutically developed variants. However, now over 40 different subtypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been identified. By combining our existing and rapidly growing understanding of BoNT/A1 and /B1 in altering nociceptive processing with explorations of the specific characteristics of the various toxins from this family, we may be able to discover or design novel, effective, and long-lasting pain therapeutics. This review will focus on our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms whereby BoNTs alter pain processing, and future directions in the development of these agents as pain therapeutics.
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Exosome secretion by eosinophils: A possible role in asthma pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:1603-13. [PMID: 25617225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils secrete several granules that are involved in the propagation of inflammatory responses in patients with pathologies such as asthma. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that some of these granules are exosomes, which, when transferred to the recipient cells, could modulate asthma progression. METHODS Eosinophils were purified from peripheral blood and cultured with or without IFN-γ or eotaxin. Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in eosinophils were studied by using fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry. Exosome secretion was measured and exosome characterization was performed with TEM, Western blotting, and NanoSight analysis. RESULTS Generation of MVBs in eosinophils was confirmed by using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and corroborated by means of TEM. Having established that eosinophils contain MVBs, our aim was to demonstrate that eosinophils secrete exosomes. To do this, we purified exosomes from culture medium of eosinophils and characterized them. Using Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that eosinophils secreted exosomes and that the discharge of exosomes to extracellular media increases after IFN-γ stimulation. We measured exosome size and quantified exosome production from healthy and asthmatic subjects using nanotracking analysis. We found that exosome production was augmented in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION Our findings are the first to demonstrate that eosinophils contain functional MVBs and secrete exosomes and that their secretion is increased in asthmatic patients. Thus exosomes might play an important role in the progression of asthma and eventually be considered a biomarker.
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The L-type voltage-gated calcium channel modulates microglial pro-inflammatory activity. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 64:104-15. [PMID: 25497271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Under pathological conditions, microglia, the resident CNS immune cells, become reactive and release pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic factors. We investigated whether this phenotypic switch includes changes in the expression of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) in a rat model of N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration. Double immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy evidenced that activated microglia express the L-type VGCC. We then analyzed whether BV2 microglia express functional L-type VGCC, and investigated the latter's role in microglial cytokine release and phagocytic capacity. Activated BV2 microglia express the CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 subunits of the L-type VGCC determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Depolarization with KCl induced a Ca2+ entry facilitated by Bay k8644 and partially blocked with nifedipine, which also reduced TNF-α and NO release by 40%. However, no nifedipine effect on BV2 microglia viability or phagocytic capacity was observed. Our results suggest that in CNS inflammatory processes, the L-type VGCC plays a specific role in the control of microglial secretory activity.
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35
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Nigorikawa K, Hazeki K, Guo Y, Hazeki O. Involvement of class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase α-isoform in antigen-induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111698. [PMID: 25357130 PMCID: PMC4214793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present findings that suggest that PI3K-C2α, a member of the class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subfamily, regulates the process of FcεRI-triggered degranulation. RBL-2H3 cells were transfected with shRNA targeting PI3K-C2α. The knockdown impaired the FcεRI-induced release of a lysosome enzyme, β-hexosaminidase, without affecting the intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. The release of mRFP-tagged neuropeptide-Y, a reporter for the regulated exocytosis, was also decreased in the PI3K-C2α-deficient cells. The release was increased significantly by the expression of the siRNA-resistant version of PI3K-C2α. In wild-type cells, FcεRI stimulation induced the formation of large vesicles, which were associated with CD63, a marker protein of secretory granules. On the vesicles, the existence of PI3K-C2α and PtdIns(3,4)P2 was observed. These results indicated that PI3K-C2α and its product PtdIns(3,4)P2 may play roles in the secretory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Nigorikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaoru Hazeki
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ying Guo
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Hazeki
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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36
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Park JS, Heo JS, Chang HS, Choi IS, Kim MK, Lee JU, Park BL, Shin HD, Park CS. Association analysis of member RAS oncogene family gene polymorphisms with aspirin intolerance in asthmatic patients. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:155-61. [PMID: 24555545 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Member RAS oncogene family (RAB1A), a member of the RAS oncogene family, cycles between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound forms regulating vesicle transport in exocytosis. Thus, functional alterations of the RAB1A gene may contribute to aspirin intolerance in asthmatic sufferers. To investigate the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RAB1A gene and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), asthmatics (n=1197) were categorized into AERD and aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA). All subjects were diagnosed as asthma on the basis of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. AERD was defined as asthmatics showing 15% or greater decreases in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) or naso-ocular reactions by the oral acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) challenge (OAC) test. In total, eight SNPs were genotyped. Logistic regression analysis identified that the minor allele frequency of +14444 T>G and +41170 C>G was significantly higher in the AERD group (n=181) than in the ATA group (n=1016) (p=0.0003-0.03). Linear regression analysis revealed a strong association between the SNPs and the aspirin-induced decrease in FEV(1) (p=0.0004-0.004). The RAB1A gene may play a role in the development of AERD in asthmatics and the genetic polymorphisms of the gene have the potential to be used as an indicator of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Sook Park
- 1 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital , Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Boddul SV, Meng J, Dolly JO, Wang J. SNAP-23 and VAMP-3 contribute to the release of IL-6 and TNFα from a human synovial sarcoma cell line. FEBS J 2013; 281:750-65. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay V. Boddul
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics; Dublin City University; Ireland
| | - Jianghui Meng
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics; Dublin City University; Ireland
| | - James Oliver Dolly
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics; Dublin City University; Ireland
| | - Jiafu Wang
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics; Dublin City University; Ireland
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Pallis FR, Conran N, Fertrin KY, Olalla Saad ST, Costa FF, Franco-Penteado CF. Hydroxycarbamide reduces eosinophil adhesion and degranulation in sickle cell anaemia patients. Br J Haematol 2013; 164:286-95. [PMID: 24383847 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, leucocyte and red cell adhesion to the endothelium contribute to the pathogenesis of sickle cell anaemia. Neutrophils appear to be important for vaso-occlusion, however, eosinophils may also participate in this phenomenon. The role of eosinophils in the pathophysiology of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and the effect of hydroxycarbamide (HC) therapy on the functional properties of these cells are not understood. Patients with SCA and those on HC therapy (SCAHC) were included in the study. SCAHC individuals presented significantly lower absolute numbers of eosinophils than SCA. Furthermore, SCAHC eosinophils demonstrated significantly lower adhesive properties, compared to SCA eosinophils. SCA and SCAHC eosinophils presented greater spontaneous migration when compared with control eosinophils. Baseline eosinophil peroxidase and reactive oxygen species release was higher for SCA individuals than for control individuals, as were plasma levels of eosinophil derived neurotoxin. SCAHC eosinophil degranulation was lower than that of SCA eosinophil degranulation. Eotaxin-1 and RANTES levels were higher in the plasma of SCA and SCAHC individuals, when compared with controls. These data suggest that eosinophils exist in an activated state in SCA and indicate that these cells play a role in the vaso-occlusive process. The exact mechanism by which HC may alter SCA eosinophil properties is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Rubia Pallis
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Centre - Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue (INCTS), UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim JD, Willetts L, Ochkur S, Srivastava N, Hamburg R, Shayeganpour A, Seabra MC, Lee JJ, Moqbel R, Lacy P. An essential role for Rab27a GTPase in eosinophil exocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:1265-74. [PMID: 23986549 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0812431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil degranulation has been implicated in inflammatory processes associated with allergic asthma. Rab27a, a Rab-related GTPase, is a regulatory intracellular signaling molecule expressed in human eosinophils. We postulated that Rab27a regulates eosinophil degranulation. We investigated the role of Rab27a in eosinophil degranulation within the context of airway inflammation. Rab27a expression and localization in eosinophils were investigated by using subcellular fractionation combined with Western blot analysis, and the results were confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis of Rab27a and the granule membrane marker CD63. To determine the function of eosinophil Rab27a, we used Ashen mice, a strain of Rab27a-deficient animals. Ashen eosinophils were tested for degranulation in response to PAF and calcium ionophore by measuring released EPX activity. Airway EPX release was also determined by intratracheal injection of eosinophils into mice lacking EPX. Rab27a immunoreactivity colocalized with eosinophil crystalloid granules, as determined by subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence analysis. PAF induced eosinophil degranulation in correlation with redistribution of Rab27a(+) structures, some of which colocalized with CD63(+) crystalloid granules at the cell membrane. Eosinophils from mice had significantly reduced EPX release compared with normal WT eosinophils, both in vitro and in vivo. In mouse models, Ashen mice demonstrated reduced EPX release in BAL fluid. These findings suggest that Rab27a has a key role in eosinophil degranulation. Furthermore, these findings have implications for Rab27a-dependent eosinophil degranulation in airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dongil Kim
- 2.559 HMRC, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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Signals from the lysosome: a control centre for cellular clearance and energy metabolism. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:283-96. [PMID: 23609508 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1148] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, lysosomes were considered merely to be cellular 'incinerators' involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular waste. However, now there is compelling evidence indicating that lysosomes have a much broader function and that they are involved in fundamental processes such as secretion, plasma membrane repair, signalling and energy metabolism. Furthermore, the essential role of lysosomes in autophagic pathways puts these organelles at the crossroads of several cellular processes, with significant implications for health and disease. The identification of a master regulator, transcription factor EB (TFEB), that regulates lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy has revealed how the lysosome adapts to environmental cues, such as starvation, and targeting TFEB may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for modulating lysosomal function in human disease.
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Abstract
LDs (lipid droplets) are metabolically highly active intracellular organelles. The lipid and protein profiles of LDs are cell-type-specific, and they undergo dynamic variation upon changes in the physiological state of a cell. It is well known that the main function of the LDs in adipocytes is to ensure energy supply and to maintain lipid homoeostasis in the body. In contrast, LDs in inflammatory cells have been implicated in eicosanoid biosynthesis, particularly under inflammatory conditions, thereby enabling them to regulate immune responses. Human mast cells are potent effector cells of the innate immune system, and the triacylglycerol (triglyceride) stores of their cytoplasmic LDs have been shown to contain large amounts of arachidonic acid, the main precursor of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge about the formation and function of LDs in inflammatory cells with specific emphasis on arachidonic acid and eicosanoid metabolism. On the basis of findings reported previously and our new observations, we propose a model in which lipolysis of LD-triacylglycerols provides arachidonic acid for lipid mediator generation in human mast cells.
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Wu Z, MacNeil AJ, Berman JN, Lin TJ. Syntaxin binding protein 1 is not required for allergic inflammation via IgE-mediated mast cell activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58560. [PMID: 23484036 PMCID: PMC3590206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in both innate and acquired immunity. When activated by IgE-dependent FcεRI cross-linking, mast cells rapidly initiate a signaling cascade and undergo an extensive release of their granule contents, including inflammatory mediators. Some SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion factor attachment protein receptor) proteins and SM (Sec1/Munc18) family proteins are involved in mast cell degranulation. However, the function of syntaxin binding protein 1 (STXBP1), a member of SM family, in mast cell degranulation is currently unknown. In this study, we examined the role of STXBP1 in IgE-dependent mast cell activation. Liver-derived mast cells (LMCs) from wild-type and STXBP1-deficient mice were cultured in vitro for the study of mast cell maturation, degranulation, cytokine and chemokine production, as well as MAPK, IκB-NFκB, and NFAT signaling pathways. In addition, in vivo models of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and late-phase IgE-dependent inflammation were conducted in mast cell deficient W(sh) mice that had been reconstituted with wild-type or STXBP1-deficient mast cells. Our findings indicate that STXBP1 is not required for any of these important functional mechanisms in mast cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that STXBP1 is dispensable during IgE-mediated mast cell activation and in IgE-dependent allergic inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengli Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jason N. Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Melo RCN, Liu L, Xenakis JJ, Spencer LA. Eosinophil-derived cytokines in health and disease: unraveling novel mechanisms of selective secretion. Allergy 2013; 68:274-84. [PMID: 23347072 DOI: 10.1111/all.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, our understanding of eosinophils has evolved from that of categorically destructive effector cells to include active participation in immune modulation, tissue repair processes, and normal organ development, in both health and disease. At the core of their newly appreciated functions is the capacity of eosinophils to synthesize, store within intracellular granules, and very rapidly secrete a highly diverse repertoire of cytokines. Mechanisms governing the selective secretion of preformed cytokines from eosinophils are attractive therapeutic targets and may well be more broadly applicable to other immune cells. Here, we discuss recent advances in deciphering pathways of cytokine secretion, both from intact eosinophils and from tissue-deposited cell-free eosinophil granules, extruded from eosinophils undergoing a lytic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Liu
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
| | - J. J. Xenakis
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
| | - L. A. Spencer
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
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Jung YS, Lee SK, Ok CY, Cho EJ, Park JS, Choi YW, Bae YS. Role of CXCR2 on the immune modulating activity of α-iso-cubebenol a natural compound isolated from the Schisandra chinensis fruit. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:433-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Schwingshackl A, Teng B, Ghosh M, Lim KG, Tigyi G, Narayanan D, Jaggar JH, Waters CM. Regulation of interleukin-6 secretion by the two-pore-domain potassium channel Trek-1 in alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 304:L276-86. [PMID: 23275623 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00299.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently proposed a role for the two-pore-domain K(+) (K2P) channel Trek-1 in the regulation of cytokine release from mouse alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) by demonstrating decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion from Trek-1-deficient cells, but the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms by which Trek-1 decreases IL-6 secretion. We hypothesized that Trek-1 regulates tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced IL-6 release via NF-κB-, p38-, and PKC-dependent pathways. We found that Trek-1 deficiency decreased IL-6 secretion from mouse and human AECs at both transcriptional and translational levels. While NF-κB/p65 phosphorylation was unchanged, p38 phosphorylation was decreased in Trek-1-deficient cells, and pharmacological inhibition of p38 decreased IL-6 secretion in control but not Trek-1-deficient cells. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of PKC also decreased IL-6 release, and we found decreased phosphorylation of the isoforms PKC/PKDμ (Ser(744/748)), PKCθ, PKCδ, PKCα/βII, and PKCζ/λ, but not PKC/PKDμ (Ser(916)) in Trek-1-deficient AECs. Phosphorylation of PKCθ, a Ca(2+)-independent isoform, was intact in control cells but impaired in Trek-1-deficient cells. Furthermore, TNF-α did not elevate the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in control or Trek-1-deficient cells, and removal of extracellular Ca(2+) did not impair IL-6 release. In summary, we report the expression of Trek-1 in human AECs and propose that Trek-1 deficiency may alter both IL-6 translation and transcription in AECs without affecting Ca(2+) signaling. The results of this study identify Trek-1 as a new potential target for the development of novel treatment strategies against acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schwingshackl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
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Abstract
Intracellular membrane trafficking along endocytic and secretory transport pathways plays a critical role in diverse cellular functions including both developmental and pathological processes. Briefly, proteins and lipids destined for transport to distinct locations are collectively assembled into vesicles and delivered to their target site by vesicular fusion. SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor) proteins are required for these events, during which v-SNAREs (vesicle SNAREs) interact with t-SNAREs (target SNAREs) to allow transfer of cargo from donor vesicle to target membrane. Recently, the t-SNARE family member, syntaxin-6, has been shown to play an important role in the transport of proteins that are key to diverse cellular dynamic processes. In this paper, we briefly discuss the specific role of SNAREs in various mammalian cell types and comprehensively review the various roles of the Golgi- and endosome-localized t-SNARE, syntaxin-6, in membrane trafficking during physiological as well as pathological conditions.
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Abstract
Mast cell function and dysregulation is important in the development and progression of allergic and autoimmune disease. Identifying novel proteins involved in mast cell function and disease progression is the first step in the design of new therapeutic strategies. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are a family of proteins demonstrated to mediate the transport and fusion of secretory vesicles to the membrane in mast cells, leading to the subsequent release of the vesicle cargo through an exocytotic mechanism. The functional role[s] of specific SNARE family member complexes in mast cell degranulation has not been fully elucidated. Here, we review recent and historical data on the expression, formation and localization of various SNARE proteins and their complexes in murine and human mast cells. We summarize the functional data identifying the key SNARE family members that appear to participate in mast cell degranulation. Furthermore, we discuss the utilization of RNA interference (RNAi) methods to validate SNARE function and the use of siRNA as a therapeutic approach to the treatment of inflammatory disease. These studies provide an overview of the specific SNARE proteins and complexes that serve as novel targets for the development of new therapies to treat allergic and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Woska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA.
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Lima PDA, Croy BA, Degaki KY, Tayade C, Yamada ÁT. Heterogeneity in composition of mouse uterine natural killer cell granules. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:195-204. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0312136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Poduri A, Bahl A, Talwar KK, Khullar M. Proteomic analysis of circulating human monocytes in coronary artery disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 360:181-8. [PMID: 21938407 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes play an important role in inflammation and atherosclerosis; however, the molecular details underlying these diverse functions are not completely understood. Proteomic analysis of monocytes can provide new insights into their biological role in coronary artery disease (CAD). Twenty angiographically confirmed male, CAD patients (≥50% stenosis) attending cardiology clinic of Nehru Hospital, PGIMER, Chandigarh, and who were not receiving any lipid lowering therapy and 20 TMT negative subjects who served as controls were enrolled in the study. Circulating monocytes isolated from overnight fasting blood samples were analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis (pH 4-7), and differentially expressed protein spots were subjected to mass spectrometry and identification of proteins. We observed 333 ± 40 protein spots in monocytes from patients and 312 ± 20 in controls; out of which 63 protein spots showed altered intensity in CAD patients. Thirteen spots showed fivefold increased and two protein spots showed fivefold decreased expression in CAD group as compared to control group, respectively. Two proteins showing decreased expression in monocytes from CAD patients were identified as: (i) glutathione transferase and (ii) heat shock protein 70 KDa. Proteins showing increased expression in CAD patients were identified as: (i) vimentin, (ii) mannose binding lectin receptor protein, and (iii) S100A8 calcium-binding protein. The results of our study offer identification of several proteins in monocytes which can provide new perspectives in role of monocytes in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Poduri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Holden NJ, Savage COS, Young SP, Wakelam MJ, Harper L, Williams JM. A dual role for diacylglycerol kinase generated phosphatidic acid in autoantibody-induced neutrophil exocytosis. Mol Med 2011; 17:1242-52. [PMID: 21833457 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated release of neutrophil azurophilic granules causes increased tissue damage and amplified inflammation during autoimmune disease. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of small vessel vasculitis and promote adhesion and exocytosis in neutrophils. ANCAs activate specific signal transduction pathways in neutrophils that have the potential to be modulated therapeutically to prevent neutrophil activation by ANCAs. We have investigated a role for diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) and its downstream product phosphatidic acid (PA) in ANCA-induced neutrophil exocytosis. Neutrophils incubated with the DGK inhibitor R59022, before treatment with ANCAs, exhibited a reduced capacity to release their azurophilic granules, demonstrated by a component release assay and flow cytometry. PA restored azurophilic granule release in DGK-inhibited neutrophils. Confocal microscopy revealed that R59022 did not inhibit translocation of granules, indicating a role for DGK during the process of granule fusion at the plasma membrane. In investigating possible mechanisms by which PA promotes neutrophil exocytosis, we demonstrated that exocytosis can only be restored in R59022-treated cells through simultaneous modulation of membrane fusion and increasing cytosolic calcium. PA and its associated pathways may represent viable drug targets to reduce tissue injury associated with ANCA-associated vasculitic diseases and other neutrophilic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Holden
- Renal Immunobiology, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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