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Zhong J, Qiu M, Meng Y, Wang P, Chen S, Wang L. Single-cell multi-omics sequencing reveals the immunological disturbance underlying STAT3-V637M Hyper-IgE syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110624. [PMID: 37480751 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by, among others, the excessive production of IgE and repetitive bacterial/fungal infections. Mutations in STAT3, a transcription factor that orchestrates immune responses, may cause HIES, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we used multi-omic approaches to comprehensively decipher the immune disturbance in a male HIES patient harboring STAT3-V637M. In his peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) we found significant clonal expansion of CD8 T cells (with increased CD8 subunits expression, potentially enhancing responsiveness to MHC I molecules), but not in his CD4 T cells and B cells. Although his B cells exhibited a higher potential in producing immunoglobulin, elevated SPIC binding might bias the products toward IgE isotype. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including CTLA4, LAG3, were overexpressed in his PBMC-CD4 T cells, accompanied by reduced CD28 and IL6ST (gp130) expression. In his CD4 T cells, integrative analyses predicted upstream transcription factors (including ETV6, KLF13, and RORA) for LAG3, IL6ST, and CD28, respectively. The down-regulation of phagocytosis and nitric oxide synthesis-related genes in his PBMC-monocytes seem to be the culprit of his disseminated bacterial/fungal infection. Counterintuitively, in his PBMC we predicted increased STAT3 binding in both naïve and mature CD4 compartments, although this was not observed in most of his PBMC. In his bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), we found two macrophage subtypes with anti-bacterial properties, which were identified by CXCL8/S100A8/S100A9, or SOD2, respectively. Together, we described how the immune cell landscape was disturbed in STAT3-V637M HIES, providing a resource for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Zhong
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Minzhi Qiu
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Quality Control, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Peizhong Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang Q, Boisson B, Béziat V, Puel A, Casanova JL. Human hyper-IgE syndrome: singular or plural? Mamm Genome 2018; 29:603-617. [PMID: 30094507 PMCID: PMC6317873 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spectacular progress has been made in the characterization of human hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) over the last 50 years. HIES is a primary immunodeficiency defined as an association of atopy in a context of very high serum IgE levels, characteristic bacterial and fungal diseases, low-level clinical and biological inflammation, and various non-hematopoietic developmental manifestations. Somewhat arbitrarily, three disorders were successively put forward as the underlying cause of HIES: autosomal dominant (AD) STAT3 deficiency, the only disorder corresponding to the original definition of HIES, and autosomal recessive (AR) DOCK8 and PGM3 deficiencies, in which atopy and high serum IgE levels occur in a context of manifestations not seen in patients with typical HIES. Indeed, these three disorders disrupt different molecular pathways, affect different cell types, and underlie different clinical phenotypes. Surprisingly, several other inherited inborn errors of immunity in which serum IgE levels are high, sometimes almost as high as those in HIES patients, are not considered to belong to the HIES group of diseases. Studies of HIES have been further complicated by the lack of a high serum IgE phenotype in all mouse models of the disease other than two Stat3 mutant strains. The study of infections in mutant mice has helped elucidate only some forms of HIES and infection. Mouse models of these conditions have also been used to study non-hematopoietic phenotypes for STAT3 deficiency, tissue-specific immunity for DOCK8 deficiency, and cell lineage maturation for PGM3 deficiency. We review here the history of the field of HIES since the first clinical description of this condition in 1966, together with the three disorders commonly referred to as HIES, focusing, in particular, on their mouse models. We propose the restriction of the term "HIES" to patients with an AD STAT3-deficiency phenotype, including the most recently described AR ZNF341 deficiency, thus excluding AR DOCK8 and PGM3 deficiencies from the definition of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Cognasse F, Chavarin P, Acquart S, Sabido O, Beniguel L, Genin C, Richard Y, Garraud O. Differential Downstream Effects of Cd40 Ligation Mediated by Membrane or Soluble CD40L and Agonistic Ab: A Study on Purified Human B Cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:65-74. [PMID: 15698512 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the addition of various cytokines, the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) system can act as a T-helper cell surrogate to permit B lymphocytes to produce large amounts of polyclonal Ig. In the present study, we tested six CD40-CD40L stimulation models: (i, ii) soluble agonistic 89 and G28.5 mAbs; (iii, iv) ‘89’ and ‘G28.5’ bound via their Fc fragments on CDw32-transfected mouse fibroblasts; (v) purified, soluble, trimeric human CD40L molecules (sCD40L); and (vi) human CD40L expressed by a CD40L-transfected mouse fibroblastic cell line (LCD40L). Target B cells consisted of purified blood and tonsillar CD19+ lymphocytes cultured in the presence of CD40 stimuli and IL-2 and IL-10, added at the onset of each B cell culture. A) There was differential expression of CD69, CD80 and CD86 exposure to sCD40L and LCD40L was ensued by the strongest % MFI changes over control. B) In blood B cells, mAbs and sCD40L induced IgA, IgM and IgG production almost equally well; LCD40L proved less efficient. In contrast, in tonsil B cells, LCD40L induced significantly more IgA, IgG 1, IgG3and IgM production than other signals. Using certain CD40/CD40L stimuli to model in vitro Ig production, a system used regularly in many laboratories, may affect the interpretation based on the cell type and on the CD40/CD40L system used.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cognasse
- GIMAP-EA 3064, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Saint-Etienne, France
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Kim YH, Yang X, Yamashita S, Kumazoe M, Huang Y, Nakahara K, Won YS, Murata M, Lin IC, Tachibana H. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose increases a population of T regulatory cells and inhibits IgE production in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kim YH, Yang X, Yamashita S, Kumazoe M, Huang Y, Nakahara K, Won YS, Murata M, Lin IC, Tachibana H. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose increases a population of T regulatory cells and inhibits IgE production in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sundin M, Tesi B, Sund Böhme M, Bryceson YT, Pütsep K, Chiang SC, Thunberg S, Winiarski J, Wikström AC. Novel STAT3 mutation causing hyper-IgE syndrome: studies of the clinical course and immunopathology. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:469-77. [PMID: 24627079 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reporting a clinical case with a novel mutation in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene resulting in autosomal dominant hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (AD-HIES). Here we also had the opportunity to perform in-depth immunologic investigations to further understand the immunopathology of this primary immunodeficiency. METHODS The patient, a baby boy, was clinically assessed according to the scoring system developed by Grimbacher et al. and STAT3 was investigated by DNA sequencing. Immunologic work-up consisted of lymphocyte phenotyping and proliferation assays, measurement of soluble mediators and routine investigations. RESULTS According to the Grimbacher score the patient was likely to have AD-HIES and a novel heterozygous STAT3 mutation (c.1110-3C>A), causing a splice error, was identified. Lymphocyte phenotyping revealed decreased numbers of interleukin (IL)-17 producing T-helper lymphocytes and aberrant B-lymphocyte subsets. Proliferative in vitro lymphocyte responses against C. albicans, staphylococcal enterotoxins and pokeweed mitogen were supernormal at presentation, whereas only the elevated response to pokeweed mitogen persisted. The soluble mediators IL-5, -10, -12, -13, -15 and granulocyte colony stimulatory factor were elevated in serum. CONCLUSION A novel heterozygous STAT3 mutation causing defective splicing of exon 12 was identified. Lymphocyte phenotyping revealed deranged subpopulations. Despite the clinical picture with severe C. albicans and staphylococcal infections, the patient's lymphocytes mounted responses to these pathogens. The hypereosinophilia and high immunoglobulin E levels might partly be explained by elevated IL-5 and -13 as a result of lack of negative feedback from defective STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sundin
- Hematology/Immunology/SCT Section, Astrid Lindgren Children's, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden,
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Ozcan E, Notarangelo LD, Geha RS. Primary immune deficiencies with aberrant IgE production. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 122:1054-62; quiz 1063-4. [PMID: 19084106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IgE antibodies play a central role in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases and in host immunity against parasitic infections. IgE has potent activities on mast cells and basophils. IgE class switching is a very tightly controlled process, and serum IgE levels are very low compared with other immunoglobulin isotypes. Transcription factors that activate or inhibit the IgE gene promoter, as well as T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines are important in the regulation of IgE levels. Hyper-IgE syndrome; Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome; immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX); Omenn syndrome; and atypical complete DiGeorge syndrome are primary immune deficiencies that are associated with elevated serum IgE levels. Increased IgE levels in IPEX, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and Omenn syndrome are likely related to increased T(H)2 cytokine production caused by decreased a number or function of CD4(+)CD25(+)forkhead box protein P3(+) regulatory T cells. The link between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 mutations and elevated serum IgE levels in hyper-IgE syndrome is unclear. Insight into IgE regulation provided by the study of primary immune deficiencies with elevated IgE has important implications for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ozcan
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) mitral valve acute bacterial endocarditis (ABE) in a patient with Job's syndrome (hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome) successfully treated with linezolid and high-dose daptomycin. Heart Lung 2008; 37:72-5. [PMID: 18206530 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Job's syndrome (hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome) is a congenitally acquired primary immune deficiency. The primary host defense defect in Job's syndrome is impaired phagocytosis. Accordingly, patients with Job's syndrome have difficulties eradicating staphylococcal infections. A continuous, high-grade Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with a cardiac valve vegetation is the hallmark of S. aureus acute bacterial endocarditis (ABE). ABE may be caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We report a case of Job's syndrome MRSA mitral valve ABE. Presumably because of impaired phagocytic function, his MRSA ABE was complicated by extensive metastatic septic complications manifested as brain abscess, multiple epidural abscesses, and multifocal vertebral osteomyelitis. The patient did not respond to 5 days of appropriately dosed linezolid and daptomycin and remained bacteremic because abscess drainage was not an option in this case and the continuous, high-grade MRSA bacteremia continued despite appropriate therapy. High-dose daptomycin (12 mg/kg intravenously every 24 hours) was given, and his MRSA bacteremia was rapidly terminated. Because daptomycin does not cross the blood-brain barrier in therapeutic concentrations, linezolid was used to treat the brain abscess. The extensiveness of infection in this case is remarkable and is probably related to impaired phagocytic function from Job's syndrome. High-dose daptomycin therapy rapidly cleared the bacteremia and cured the endocarditis and epidural abscesses/vertebral osteomyelitis. The patient was treated with 8 weeks of high-dose daptomycin therapy with no adverse effects. If MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus bacteremias are unresponsive to usually effective antistaphylococcal agents, and surgical drainage of abscesses and removal of infected devices are not clinically possible, then a prolonged, high dose of daptomycin is a therapeutic alternative in such situations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of MRSA mitral valve ABE complicated by extensive epidural abscesses and vertebral osteomyelitis in a patient with Job's syndrome.
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Abstract
The approach to the patient with genetic immunodeficiency is multidisciplinary, and requires close interaction between the primary care physician, immunologist, and other specialists. Dermatologists may play a key role in both the diagnosis of immunodeficiency based on recurrent infection or specific cutaneous abnormalities and in the management of cutaneous complications. The availability of bone marrow and stem cell transplantation has been life-saving for many affected children. The underlying genetic basis is now known for most forms of immunodeficiency, which has facilitated confirmation of patient diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis. Gene therapy has already been initiated for severe combined immunodeficiency, and will certainly play a growing role in therapy of this group of disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Abrams
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Cognasse F, Osselaer JC, Garraud O. [Platelets cytokines and their effects on platelet transfusion]. Transfus Clin Biol 2007; 14:69-78. [PMID: 17499538 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have long been confined to haemostasis only. However, novel functions for platelets have been identified recently. Those non-nucleated cells indeed participate to inflammation and also they produce and release numerous factors with known immunomodulatory functions. Among those factors are cytokines and chemokines and the like, such as soluble CD40-Ligand (CD154), which are key molecules in that they bridge innate and adaptative immunity; sCD40L is active on T cells, B cells, monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells and endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. This means that when a platelet concentrate is transfused to a recipient, a huge amount of cytokines and chemokines is also infused. In this state of the art review, we will present arguments on the role of platelet secretory products in modulating cellular parameters of immunity, and--very likely--in altering functions of those immune cells upon encounters while infusing platelets in blood recipients. We aimed at summarizing data that have been made available on the issue of cytokines/chemokines released by stored platelets prior to delivery. We will focus on the suspected role of the CD40/CD40L tandem in postplatelet transfusion reactions or incidents. We will present recent data on the role of pathogen inactivators on the docking and/or release of cytokines/chemokines by platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cognasse
- EFS Auvergne-Loire, and GIMAP-EA3064, faculté de médecine, université de Saint-Etienne, 15 rue Ambroise-Paré, 42023 Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France
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Cognasse F, Acquart S, Beniguel L, Sabido O, Chavarin P, Genin C, Garraud O. Differential production of immunoglobulin classes and subclasses by mucosal-type human B-lymphocytes exposed in vitro to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005; 43:22-31. [PMID: 15653438 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2005.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As B-lymphocytes play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity, we aimed to examine the effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on purified tonsil-originating CD19+ B-cells, representing mucosal B-cells. We screened various K-type ODNs, reactive with human B-cells, and tested for the production of immunoglobulins in vitro. Using one CpG-ODN, DSP30, we observed that it could upregulate not only Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) mRNA expression in activated B-cells, but also the early expression of CD69 followed by the sequential expression of CD80, CD86 and the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway. Furthermore, mRNA expression of certain B-cell-derived cytokines was influenced by exposure to DSP30, with a strong upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and downregulation of IL1-beta. Stimulation of B-cells, co-stimulated with IL-2, IL-10 and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) with different CpG-ODNs, had differing effects on the terminal differentiation in vitro of B-cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. TLR9 is involved in innate immunity and the recognition of bound CpG DNA from invading bacterial pathogens. As tonsillar B-cells are mucosal-type B-lymphocytes, this study suggests that CpG-ODNs show promise as mucosal adjuvants in modulating the local production of immunoglobulins of certain classes and subclasses, a crucial issue in vaccine perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- GIMAP-EA 3064, Université de Saint-Etienne, Faculté de Médecine, Saint-Etienne, France and EFS Auvergne-Loire, Saint-Etienne, France
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Abstract
In this review, selected immunodeficiency disorders are presented in which the cutaneous signs are distinctive and contribute to the diagnosis of the condition. Among these cutaneous abnormalities are alopecia, cutaneous granulomas, cutaneous infections, atopic-like or seborrheic-like dermatitis, petechiae or purpura, silvery pigmentation, poor wound healing, and telangiectasias. Immunodeficiency should be considered in children with a history of infections that are recurrent, respond poorly to antibiotics, are of increased duration and severity, and/or result from unusual organisms. In addition to their high risk of infection, patients with immunodeficiency disorders have a risk of the development of malignancy that is 10,000 times higher than that of healthy age-matched controls. The underlying molecular basis for most genetic immunodeficiencies is now understood, allowing improved genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Paller
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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Hernandez-Trujillo VP, Nguyen WT, Belleau JT, Jeng M, Conley ME, Lew DB. Cow's milk allergy in a patient with hyper-IgE syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 92:469-74. [PMID: 15104201 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both hyper-IgE syndrome and food allergies can result in the early onset of skin rash, eosinophilia, and markedly elevated serum IgE. Occasionally, it can be difficult to distinguish the 2 disorders. Most patients with hyper-IgE syndrome do not have food allergy. OBJECTIVE To describe a child with cow's milk allergy associated with hyper-IgE syndrome manifesting as failure to thrive (FTT). METHODS Epicutaneous skin prick test to cow's milk, CAP radioallergosorbent test, atopy patch tests, and double-blind, placebo-controlled milk challenge (DBPCMC) were performed. RESULTS During initial presentation at 3 weeks of age, the circulating eosinophil count increased from 13,800/mm3 to 44,254/mm3 within 2 weeks while taking cephalexin. Despite treatment, he had worsening rash and FTT at 10 weeks of age with an IgE level of 8,454 U/mL. After changing from an infant milk formula with whey protein to an amino acid-based formula in combination with oral antibiotic treatment, his rash and growth velocity improved markedly within 2 months. IgE decreased to 2,747 U/mL. He remained clinically well for 12 months. He subsequently developed additional food and inhalant allergies with an increase in IgE to 12,150 U/mL. Cow's milk allergy was confirmed by epicutaneous skin prick test, atopy patch test, and DBPCMC. CONCLUSIONS Traditional prophylactic antistaphylococcal antibiotics, in combination with Neocate formula, were effective in treating the early skin manifestations of hyper-IgE syndrome and FTT in this infant. Cow's milk protein allergy should be considered in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome and FTT.
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Martínez AM, Montoya CJ, Rugeles MT, Franco JL, Patiño PJ. Abnormal expression of CD54 in mixed reactions of mononuclear cells from hyper-IgE syndrome patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:159-65. [PMID: 15250469 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to infections associated with heterogeneous immunologic and non-immunologic abnormalities. Most patients consistently exhibit defective antigen-induced-T cell activation, that could be partly due to altered costimulation involving accessory molecules; however, the expression of these molecules has never been documented in HIES. Therefore, we investigated the expression of CD11a, CD28, CD40, CD54, CD80, CD86, and CD154 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six patients and six healthy controls by flow cytometry after autologous and mixed allogeneic reactions. Only the allogeneic stimuli induced significant proliferative responses and interleukin 2 and interferon gamma production in both groups. Most accessory, molecules showed similar expression between patients and controls with the exception of CD54, being expressed at lower levels in HIES patients regardless of the type of stimulus used. Decreased expression of CD54 could partly explain the deficient T cell activation to specific recall antigens in HIES patients, and might be responsible for their higher susceptibility to infections with defined types of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano M Martínez
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Biogénesis, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51D #62-29, Medellín, Colombia
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Vásquez C, Martín Mateos MA, Giner MT, Sierra JI, Plaza AM, Díaz P, Jiménez-Feijoo R. Otomastoiditis candidiásica y síndrome de hiper Ig E. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2004; 32:82-5. [PMID: 15087095 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0546(04)79232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PATIENT A 5-year-old girl presented with chronic otorrhea, cervical adenopathies and cellulitis of the knee. In addition to these lesions, physical examination revealed eczema on the scalp, neck, perineal and umbilical regions and the persistence of deciduous teeth with adult teeth (double dental arch). Complementary investigations showed the following concentrations: IgE 23969 UI/l, IgD 440 U/L, IgG 23000 mg/L, and IgA 4220 mg/L. Intradermal skin testing to Candida was negative and the results of the remaining immunological studies were normal. Computerized axial tomography revealed bilateral otomastoiditis. Candida albicans was isolated from ear secretion cultures. The definitive diagnosis was hyper IgE syndrome. The patient responded favorably to antibiotic and antifungal therapy and is currently undergoing period outpatient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vásquez
- Sección de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Unidad Integrada de Pediatría, Hospital Clinic- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, España
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Abstract
Job's syndrome is a rare immune disorder characterized by atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, elevated serum IgE-levels, repeated occurrence of skin and respiratory tract infections, and skeletal abnormalities. We report on a 12-year-old boy with Job's syndrome from Gujarat State, India. He disclosed the characteristic face, eczematous skin reactions and skin and lung infections. Long-term chemoprophylaxis was realized with oral penicillins that dramatically improved the course of his disease. Other treatment options are discussed but not all meet the needs of developing countries.
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Tahzib MN, Schuval SJ. A 12-year-old girl with asthma, pneumonia, and pneumatoceles. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003; 90:480-4. [PMID: 12775128 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munirih N Tahzib
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Schneider Children's Hospital of Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Long Island Campus of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA.
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Ohga S, Nomura A, Ihara K, Takahata Y, Suga N, Akeda H, Shibata R, Okamura J, Kinukawa N, Hara T. Cytokine imbalance in hyper-IgE syndrome: reduced expression of transforming growth factor beta and interferon gamma genes in circulating activated T cells. Br J Haematol 2003; 121:324-31. [PMID: 12694256 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by recurrent infections and marked immunoglobulin (Ig)E elevation. To assess the proper T-cell defects of HIES, the cytokine profile of naturally activated T cells was compared between HIES, atopic dermatitis and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Intracellular flow cytometric analysis after in vitro stimulation showed no difference in the proportion of interferon (IFN)gamma- or interleukin 4 (IL-4)-producing T cells among these diseases. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the cytokine genes was performed using circulating highly fractionated HLA-DR+ and HLA-DR- T cells. The IFNgamma/IL-4 or IFNgamma/IL-10 ratios were lower in HLA-DR+ T cells of HIES than in CGD (P = 0.0106, 0.0445), but did not differ between HIES and atopy. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta)/IL-4 ratio in HLA-DR+ T cells of HIES was lower than that of atopy (0.0106) or CGD (0.0062). The TGFbeta/IL-4 ratio in HLA-DR- T cells of HIES was also lower than that of atopy (0.0285). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified TGFbeta/IL-4 ratios in HLA-DR+ (0.0001) or HLA-DR- (0.0086) T cells as the most powerful parameters to distinguish HIES from atopy and/or CGD. Serum IgE levels negatively correlated with IFNgamma/IL-4 (0.0108), IFNgamma/IL-10 (0.0254), or TGFbeta/IL-4 (0.0163) ratios in HLA-DR+, but not HLA-DR-, T cells. These results suggested that the in vivo activated T cells of HIES did not sufficiently express the IFNgamma and TGFbeta genes, which could affect IL-4-dependent IgE production. The reduced TGFbeta expression may involve the indigenous T-cell defects of HIES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grimbacher
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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DiazGranados C, Franco C, Steinberg J. A Long‐Suffering Patient with New Abdominal Pain. Clin Infect Dis 2002. [DOI: 10.1086/339956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Chehimi J, Elder M, Greene J, Noroski L, Stiehm ER, Winkelstein JA, Sullivan KE. Cytokine and chemokine dysregulation in hyper-IgE syndrome. Clin Immunol 2001; 100:49-56. [PMID: 11414745 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2001.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyper-IgE syndrome is characterized by severe recurrent staphylococcal infections, eczema, bone abnormalities, and markedly elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE). The genetic basis is not known and the central immunologic defect is largely undefined. Reduced neutrophil chemotaxis is often described, and variable T cell defects have been demonstrated in some patients. It has been hypothesized that hyper-IgE is associated with a Th1/Th2 imbalance. We wished to characterize cytokine and chemokine imbalances that might reflect the underlying disease process or reflect ongoing pathologic processes. Nine patients with hyper-IgE syndrome and six controls were studied. Radioimmunoassays, flow cytometry, and gene array analyses were performed to characterize cytokine and chemokine production. Hyper-IgE patients express more IL-12, while ENA-78, MCP-3, and eotaxin are markedly underexpressed. Underexpression of a set of chemokines could explain a number of features of hyper-IgE syndrome and may offer a new paradigm for the understanding of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chehimi
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Abstract
Rare hereditary deficiencies have been described which affect each functional stage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. They almost invariably lead to recurrent acute infection. Among the abnormalities involving adhesion and motility, the following can be noted: the Buckley syndrome; and leucocyte type 1 and 2 adhesion deficiencies, respectively caused by a deficiency in membrane expression of beta 2 integrin CD11/CD18, and sialyl lewis X. Granulation system abnormalities include relatively non-symptomatic myeloperoxidase deficiency, specific granulation deficiency or the Chediak-Higashi syndrome with the presence of giant lysosomal granulations. Chronic or familial septic granulomatosis constitutes the main disease described due to the oxidative PMN burst connected with the functional impairment of one of the constituents of NADPH oxidase (with an incidence of one in 5.10(6) to one in 10(6) births) The transmission is X-linked, or autosomal recessive depending on the mutation. The antenatal detection of the X-linked component, gp91 phox, can be made in suspected carrier mothers. In addition to the standard treatment (Bactrim and Itraconazole), bone marrow transplantation may also be carried out, and in future gene therapy may be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chollet-Martin
- Service d'hématologie et d'immunologie biologiques et Inserm U479, CHU Bichat-Claude-Bernard, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
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Saini SS, Klion AD, Holland SM, Hamilton RG, Bochner BS, Macglashan DW. The relationship between serum IgE and surface levels of FcepsilonR on human leukocytes in various diseases: correlation of expression with FcepsilonRI on basophils but not on monocytes or eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:514-20. [PMID: 10984372 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.108431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of receptors for IgE (FcepsilonR) have been mainly studied on mast cells and blood basophils in the context of allergic disease. Some reports have noted limited expression of FcepsilonR on other leukocytes, including blood monocytes and eosinophils in certain patients. An association between human blood basophil expression of FcepsilonRIalpha and serum IgE has been noted among allergic subjects. OBJECTIVE Recent evidence supports regulation of FcepsilonRIalpha by free IgE on both mast cells and basophils. We hypothesized that this relationship would exist across an extremely wide range of IgE levels for human basophils, irrespective of underlying disease. We further examined whether a similar relationship existed between serum IgE and FcepsilonRIalpha or FcepsilonRII (CD23) expression on monocytes and eosinophils in these same subjects. METHODS Blood was obtained from nonallergic subjects (n = 3) and subjects with allergic asthma (n = 5), atopic dermatitis (n = 3), hypereosinophilic syndromes (n = 7), hyper-IgE syndrome (n = 6), helminth infestation (n = 6), or IgE myeloma (n = 1). Levels of serum IgE were determined by using RIA and ranged from 3 to 4.7 mg/mL. Levels of cell surface FcepsilonRIalpha, FcepsilonRII, and IgE were measured by using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. RESULTS Basophil surface IgE density and FcepsilonRIalpha expression correlated with serum IgE levels (r = 0. 67 and r = 0.46, respectively; P <.01; n = 31) regardless of the disease state. In contrast, monocyte FcepsilonRIalpha expression did not correlate with serum IgE (r = 0.09, P >.5, n = 29), and low-level eosinophil FcepsilonRIalpha expression was only detected in a single asthmatic subject. CD23 expression was not detected on basophils or eosinophils, except for the eosinophils from the donor with IgE myeloma. CD23 was present on monocytes from some donors but did not correlate with serum IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS In a variety of disease states, FcepsilonRIalpha expression by basophils, but not monocytes or eosinophils, correlated with serum IgE levels across a 6-log range of IgE. These data support the concept of in vivo regulation of FcepsilonRIalpha on basophils by serum IgE and further demonstrate that this is independent of allergic disease per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Saini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of primary immunodeficiency disorders are reviewed, with particular emphasis on how these provide insights to the normal host's handling of particular microbes. Also reviewed are a number of reports on series of patients with these disorders, documenting the incidence and nature of the infective complications that occur and the effectiveness of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Graham Davies
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Erlewyn-Lajeunesse MD. Hyperimmunoglobulin-E syndrome with recurrent infection: a review of current opinion and treatment. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2000; 11:133-41. [PMID: 10981522 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2000.00091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperimmunoglobulin E (hyper-IgE) syndrome with recurrent infection is a rare idiopathic primary immunodeficiency. It consists of a severe dermatitis with recurrent abscess formation, respiratory tract infections and very high titres of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). Hyper-IgE syndrome is also associated with skeletal abnormalities. Variability of presentation makes it easy to confuse the diagnosis with that of severe atopy or other rare immunodeficiencies. The aim of this article is to review the literature in order to consider the clinical findings, etiology and treatment of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Erlewyn-Lajeunesse
- Allergy and Inflammation Sciences Division (Child Health), School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK.
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Gennery AR, Flood TJ, Abinun M, Cant AJ. Bone marrow transplantation does not correct the hyper IgE syndrome. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:1303-5. [PMID: 10871737 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Congenital immunodeficiency in hyper IgE syndrome is characterised by a markedly raised IgE level, recurrent staphylococcal skin infection and pneumatoceles. Standard treatments include anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. We report a severely affected patient in whom successful bone marrow transplantation was followed by reappearance of the immunodeficiency. We conclude that bone marrow transplantation does not cure the immunological features of the hyper IgE syndrome. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 1303-1305.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Gennery
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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