1
|
Bose K, Espinoza HM, Louey S, Jonker SS. Sensitivity and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response and apoptosis in the perinatal sheep heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H1-H11. [PMID: 38700493 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00043.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Although the unfolded protein response (UPR) contributes to survival by removing misfolded proteins, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress also activates proapoptotic pathways. Changed sensitivity to normal developmental stimuli may underlie observed cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the healthy perinatal heart. We determined in vitro sensitivity to thapsigargin in sheep cardiomyocytes from four perinatal ages. In utero cardiac activation of ER stress and apoptotic pathways was determined at these same ages. Thapsigargin-induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2A) was decreased by 72% between 135 and 143 dGA (P = 0.0096) and remained low at 1 dPN (P = 0.0080). Conversely, thapsigargin-induced caspase cleavage was highest around the time of birth: cleaved caspase 3 was highest at 1 dPN (3.8-fold vs. 135 dGA, P = 0.0380; 7.8-fold vs. 5 dPN, P = 0.0118), cleaved caspase 7 and cleaved caspase 12 both increased between 135 and 143 dGA (25-fold and 6.9-fold respectively, both P < 0.0001) and remained elevated at 1 dPN. Induced apoptosis, measured by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, was highest around the time of birth (P < 0.0001). There were changes in myocardial ER stress pathway components in utero. Glucose (78 kDa)-regulated protein (GRP78) protein levels were high in the fetus and declined after birth (P < 0.0001). EIF2A phosphorylation was profoundly depressed at 1 dPN (vs. 143 dGA, P = 0.0113). In conclusion, there is dynamic regulation of ER proteostasis, ER stress, and apoptosis cascade in the perinatal heart. Apoptotic signaling is more readily activated in fetal cardiomyocytes near birth, leading to widespread caspase cleavage in the newborn heart. These pathways are important for the regulation of normal maturation in the healthy perinatal heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardiomyocyte apoptosis occurs even in the healthy, normally developing perinatal myocardium. As cardiomyocyte number is a critical contributor to heart health, the sensitivity of cardiomyocytes to endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to apoptosis is an important consideration. This study suggests that the heart has less robust protective mechanisms in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress immediately before and after birth, and that more cardiomyocyte death can be induced by stress in this period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Bose
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Herbert M Espinoza
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sonnet S Jonker
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salgado JCS, Alnoch RC, Polizeli MDLTDM, Ward RJ. Microenzymes: Is There Anybody Out There? Protein J 2024; 43:393-404. [PMID: 38507106 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Biological macromolecules are found in different shapes and sizes. Among these, enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions and are essential in all organisms, but is there a limit size for them to function properly? Large enzymes such as catalases have hundreds of kDa and are formed by multiple subunits, whereas most enzymes are smaller, with molecular weights of 20-60 kDa. Enzymes smaller than 10 kDa could be called microenzymes and the present literature review brings together evidence of their occurrence in nature. Additionally, bioactive peptides could be a natural source for novel microenzymes hidden in larger peptides and molecular downsizing could be useful to engineer artificial enzymes with low molecular weight improving their stability and heterologous expression. An integrative approach is crucial to discover and determine the amino acid sequences of novel microenzymes, together with their genomic identification and their biochemical biological and evolutionary functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Santos Salgado
- Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Robson Carlos Alnoch
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard John Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang CH, Lai YJ, Chen LN, Hung YH, Tu HY, Cheng CJ. Label-Free Three-Dimensional Morphological Characterization of Cell Death Using Holographic Tomography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3435. [PMID: 38894226 PMCID: PMC11174527 DOI: 10.3390/s24113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a novel label-free approach for characterizing cell death states, eliminating the need for complex molecular labeling that may yield artificial or ambiguous results due to technical limitations in microscope resolution. The proposed holographic tomography technique offers a label-free avenue for capturing precise three-dimensional (3D) refractive index morphologies of cells and directly analyzing cellular parameters like area, height, volume, and nucleus/cytoplasm ratio within the 3D cellular model. We showcase holographic tomography results illustrating various cell death types and elucidate distinctive refractive index correlations with specific cell morphologies complemented by biochemical assays to verify cell death states. These findings hold promise for advancing in situ single cell state identification and diagnosis applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan; (L.-N.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Li-Nian Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan; (L.-N.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan; (L.-N.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Han-Yen Tu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
| | - Chau-Jern Cheng
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zi G, Chen J, Peng Y, Wang Y, Peng B. Hyperthermia and cisplatin combination therapy promotes caspase-8 accumulation and activation to enhance apoptosis and pyroptosis in cancer cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2325489. [PMID: 38632954 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2325489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthermia can play a synergistic role with chemotherapy in combination therapy. Although the association between caspase activation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis have been published for both cisplatin (CDDP) and hyperthermia therapies independently, the interactions between these molecular pathways in combination therapy are unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the possible interactions between caspase 8 activation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in combination therapy. METHODS Cells were treated with CDDP (15 µg/ml), followed by hyperthermia at optimized temperature (42.5 °C) in water-bath. After combination therapy, cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8, and cell death was analyzed by Annexin-V-FITC/PI and caspases activation. Immuno-staining and co-immuno-precipitation were used to examine the interaction between p62 and caspase-8. Pyroptosis was investigated by western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. E3 ligase Cullin 3 was knockdown by siRNA. In addition, caspase-8 activation was modulated by CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing or pharmacological inhibition. RESULTS Combination therapy promoted K63-linked polyubiquitination of caspase-8 and cellular accumulation of caspase-8. In turn, polyubiquitinated caspase-8 interacted with p62 and led to the activation of caspase-3. Knockdown of the E3 ligase Cullin 3 by siRNA reduced caspase-8 polyubiquitination and activation. In addition, combination therapy induced release of the pore-forming N-terminus from gasdermins and promoted pyroptosis along with caspase-8 accumulation and activation. Knockdown of caspase-8 by CRISPR/Cas9 based gene editing reduced the sensitivity of tumor cells to apoptosis and pyroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study presented a novel mechanism in which hyperthermia synergized with chemotherapy in promoting apoptosis and pyroptosis in a caspase-8 dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zi
- College of Pharmacy, DaLi University, Dali, Yunan Province , China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, DaLi University, Dali, Yunan Province , China
| | | | - Yue Wang
- College of Pharmacy, DaLi University, Dali, Yunan Province , China
| | - Baowei Peng
- College of Pharmacy, DaLi University, Dali, Yunan Province , China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rich AL, Lin P, Gamazon ER, Zinkel SS. The broad impact of cell death genes on the human disease phenome. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:251. [PMID: 38589365 PMCID: PMC11002008 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cell death mediated by genetically defined signaling pathways influences the health and dynamics of all tissues, however the tissue specificity of cell death pathways and the relationships between these pathways and human disease are not well understood. We analyzed the expression profiles of an array of 44 cell death genes involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis cell death pathways across 49 human tissues from GTEx, to elucidate the landscape of cell death gene expression across human tissues, and the relationship between tissue-specific genetically determined expression and the human phenome. We uncovered unique cell death gene expression profiles across tissue types, suggesting there are physiologically distinct cell death programs in different tissues. Using summary statistics-based transcriptome wide association studies (TWAS) on human traits in the UK Biobank (n ~ 500,000), we evaluated 513 traits encompassing ICD-10 defined diagnoses and laboratory-derived traits. Our analysis revealed hundreds of significant (FDR < 0.05) associations between genetically regulated cell death gene expression and an array of human phenotypes encompassing both clinical diagnoses and hematologic parameters, which were independently validated in another large-scale DNA biobank (BioVU) at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (n = 94,474) with matching phenotypes. Cell death genes were highly enriched for significant associations with blood traits versus non-cell-death genes, with apoptosis-associated genes enriched for leukocyte and platelet traits. Our findings are also concordant with independently published studies (e.g. associations between BCL2L11/BIM expression and platelet & lymphocyte counts). Overall, these results suggest that cell death genes play distinct roles in their contribution to human phenotypes, and that cell death genes influence a diverse array of human traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Rich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Phillip Lin
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Sandra S Zinkel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Le T, Ferling I, Qiu L, Nabaile C, Assunção L, Roskelley CD, Grinstein S, Freeman SA. Redistribution of the glycocalyx exposes phagocytic determinants on apoptotic cells. Dev Cell 2024; 59:853-868.e7. [PMID: 38359833 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Phagocytes remove dead and dying cells by engaging "eat-me" ligands such as phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) on the surface of apoptotic targets. However, PtdSer is obscured by the bulky exofacial glycocalyx, which also exposes ligands that activate "don't-eat-me" receptors such as Siglecs. Clearly, unshielding the juxtamembrane "eat-me" ligands is required for the successful engulfment of apoptotic cells, but the mechanisms underlying this process have not been described. Using human and murine cells, we find that apoptosis-induced retraction and weakening of the cytoskeleton that anchors transmembrane proteins cause an inhomogeneous redistribution of the glycocalyx: actin-depleted blebs emerge, lacking the glycocalyx, while the rest of the apoptotic cell body retains sufficient actin to tether the glycocalyx in place. Thus, apoptotic blebs can be engaged by phagocytes and are targeted for engulfment. Therefore, in cells with an elaborate glycocalyx, such as mucinous cancer cells, this "don't-come-close-to-me" barrier must be removed to enable clearance by phagocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trieu Le
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Iuliia Ferling
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Lanhui Qiu
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Clement Nabaile
- Department of Learning and Research in Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Leonardo Assunção
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barreda D, Grinstein S, Freeman SA. Target lysis by cholesterol extraction is a rate limiting step in the resolution of phagolysosomes. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151382. [PMID: 38171214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing phagocytic activity of macrophages necessitates an extraordinary capacity to digest and resolve incoming material. While the initial steps leading to the formation of a terminal phagolysosome are well studied, much less is known about the later stages of this process, namely the degradation and resolution of the phagolysosomal contents. We report that the degradation of targets such as splenocytes and erythrocytes by phagolysosomes occurs in a stepwise fashion, requiring lysis of their plasmalemmal bilayer as an essential initial step. This is achieved by the direct extraction of cholesterol facilitated by Niemann-Pick protein type C2 (NPC2), which in turn hands off cholesterol to NPC1 for export from the phagolysosome. The removal of cholesterol ulimately destabilizes and permeabilizes the membrane of the phagocytic target, allowing access of hydrolases to its internal compartments. In contrast, we found that saposins, which activate the hydrolysis of sphingolipids, are required for lysosomal tubulation, yet are dispensable for the resolution of targets by macrophages. The extraction of cholesterol by NPC2 is therefore envisaged as rate-limiting in the clearance of membrane-bound targets such as apoptotic cells. Selective cholesterol removal appears to be a primary mechanism that enables professional phagocytes to distinguish the target membrane from the phagolysosomal membrane and may be conserved in the resolution of autolysosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dante Barreda
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kandouz M. Cell Death, by Any Other Name…. Cells 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38391938 PMCID: PMC10886887 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies trying to understand cell death, this ultimate biological process, can be traced back to a century ago. Yet, unlike many other fashionable research interests, research on cell death is more alive than ever. New modes of cell death are discovered in specific contexts, as are new molecular pathways. But what is "cell death", really? This question has not found a definitive answer yet. Nevertheless, part of the answer is irreversibility, whereby cells can no longer recover from stress or injury. Here, we identify the most distinctive features of different modes of cell death, focusing on the executive final stages. In addition to the final stages, these modes can differ in their triggering stimulus, thus referring to the initial stages. Within this framework, we use a few illustrative examples to examine how intercellular communication factors in the demise of cells. First, we discuss the interplay between cell-cell communication and cell death during a few steps in the early development of multicellular organisms. Next, we will discuss this interplay in a fully developed and functional tissue, the gut, which is among the most rapidly renewing tissues in the body and, therefore, makes extensive use of cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss how the balance between cell death and communication is modified during a pathological condition, i.e., colon tumorigenesis, and how it could shed light on resistance to cancer therapy. Finally, we briefly review data on the role of cell-cell communication modes in the propagation of cell death signals and how this has been considered as a potential therapeutic approach. Far from vainly trying to provide a comprehensive review, we launch an invitation to ponder over the significance of cell death diversity and how it provides multiple opportunities for the contribution of various modes of intercellular communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. Exploring Patterns of Human Mortality and Aging: A Reliability Theory Viewpoint. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:341-355. [PMID: 38622100 PMCID: PMC11090256 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The most important manifestation of aging is an increased risk of death with advancing age, a mortality pattern characterized by empirical regularities known as mortality laws. We highlight three significant ones: the Gompertz law, compensation effect of mortality (CEM), and late-life mortality deceleration and describe new developments in this area. It is predicted that CEM should result in declining relative variability of mortality at older ages. The quiescent phase hypothesis of negligible actuarial aging at younger adult ages is tested and refuted by analyzing mortality of the most recent birth cohorts. To comprehend the aging mechanisms, it is crucial to explain the observed empirical mortality patterns. As an illustrative example of data-directed modeling and the insights it provides, we briefly describe two different reliability models applied to human mortality patterns. The explanation of aging using a reliability theory approach aligns with evolutionary theories of aging, including idea of chronic phenoptosis. This alignment stems from their focus on elucidating the process of organismal deterioration itself, rather than addressing the reasons why organisms are not designed for perpetual existence. This article is a part of a special issue of the journal that commemorates the legacy of the eminent Russian scientist Vladimir Petrovich Skulachev (1935-2023) and his bold ideas about evolution of biological aging and phenoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Gavrilov
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109028, Russia
| | - Natalia S Gavrilova
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109028, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang X, Arjsri P, Srisawad K, Yodkeeree S, Dejkriengkraikul P. Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Traditional Thai Medicinal Plants: A Focus on Dracaena loureiri and Its Effects on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:290. [PMID: 38256842 PMCID: PMC10820207 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is renowned for its aggressive and highly metastatic nature. In recent years, there has been a surge in interest regarding the therapeutic potential of traditional medicinal plants. Dracaena loureirin (D. loureirin), Ficus racemosa Linn. (F. racemosa), and Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr. (H. perforata) are prominent traditional medicinal herbs in Thailand, recognized for their diverse biological activities, including antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, their prospective anti-cancer properties against NSCLC remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer attributes of ethanolic extracts obtained from D. loureiri (DLEE), F. racemosa (FREE), and H. perforata (HPEE) against the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay results revealed that only DLEE exhibited cytotoxic effects on A549 cells, whereas FREE and HPEE showed no such cytotoxicity. To elucidate the anti-cancer mechanisms of DLEE, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were performed. The findings demonstrated that DLEE inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in A549 cells through the downregulation of key cell cycle regulator proteins, including cyclin D1, CDK-2, and CDK-4. Furthermore, DLEE treatment facilitated apoptosis in A549 cells by suppressing anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and survivin) and enhancing apoptotic proteins (cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP-1). In summary, our study provides novel insights into the significant anti-cancer properties of DLEE against A549 cells. This work represents the first report suggesting that DLEE has the capability to impede the growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells through the induction of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (X.H.); (P.A.); (K.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Punnida Arjsri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (X.H.); (P.A.); (K.S.); (S.Y.)
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Srisawad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (X.H.); (P.A.); (K.S.); (S.Y.)
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (X.H.); (P.A.); (K.S.); (S.Y.)
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (X.H.); (P.A.); (K.S.); (S.Y.)
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tao J, Xue C, Cao M, Ye J, Sun Y, Chen H, Guan Y, Zhang W, Zhang W, Yao Y. Protein disulfide isomerase family member 4 promotes triple-negative breast cancer tumorigenesis and radiotherapy resistance through JNK pathway. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:1. [PMID: 38167446 PMCID: PMC10759449 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite radiotherapy ability to significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, acquired resistance to radiotherapy poses a serious clinical challenge. Protein disulfide isomerase exists in endoplasmic reticulum and plays an important role in promoting protein folding and post-translational modification. However, little is known about the role of protein disulfide isomerase family member 4 (PDIA4) in TNBC, especially in the context of radiotherapy resistance. METHODS We detected the presence of PDIA4 in TNBC tissues and paracancerous tissues, then examined the proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells with/without radiotherapy. As part of the validation process, xenograft tumor mouse model was used. Mass spectrometry and western blot analysis were used to identify PDIA4-mediated molecular signaling pathway. RESULTS Based on paired clinical specimens of TNBC patients, we found that PDIA4 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. In vitro, PDIA4 knockdown not only increased apoptosis of tumor cells with/without radiotherapy, but also decreased the ability of proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of PDIA4 induced the opposite effects on apoptosis and proliferation. According to Co-IP/MS results, PDIA4 prevented Tax1 binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) degradation by binding to TAX1BP1, which inhibited c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Moreover, PDIA4 knockdown suppressed tumor growth xenograft model in vivo, which was accompanied by an increase in apoptosis and promoted tumor growth inhibition after radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that PDIA4 is an oncoprotein that promotes TNBC progression, and targeted therapy may represent a new and effective anti-tumor strategy, especially for patients with radiotherapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Tao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Cailin Xue
- Division of Hepatobilliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiahui Ye
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yulu Sun
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yinan Guan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yongzhong Yao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu MX, He FJ, Zhu F, Du YZ. The regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) during the apoptosis of Cotesia chilonis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1328167. [PMID: 38192740 PMCID: PMC10773855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1328167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are crucial components of apoptosis that perform vital roles in the regulation of caspase activity in organisms. In this study, two IAPs genes were identified from Cotesia chilonis, the dominant parasitic wasp of Chilo suppressalis. CcIAP1 gene is a typical IAP and contains two BIR domains and a RING domain, whereas CcIAP gene is an atypical IAP1 only containing two BIR domains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CcIAP1 and CcIAP were grouped with other Hymenopteran IAPs and IAP1 in C. suppressalis. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that CcIAP1 and CcIAP genes were both highly induced at -6°C and 30°C, and expression was highest at the third instar stage. The expression of CcIAP1 and CcIAP genes were significantly induced during parasitism of C. suppressalis, and the 7-d time point resulted in the highest expression levels for both genes, in which was an advanced stage of larval development of C. chilonis. RNAi experiments showed that CcIAP1 gene was the key IAP in the regulation of apoptosis of C. chilonis and its host. In conclusion, CcIAP1 and CcIAP correlate with the development of C. chilonis and their responses to temperature stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Plant Protection and Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Jing He
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Plant Protection and Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Duan N, Hu X, Qiu H, Zhou R, Li Y, Lu W, Zhu Y, Shen S, Wu W, Yang F, Liu N. Targeting the E2F1/Rb/HDAC1 axis with the small molecule HR488B effectively inhibits colorectal cancer growth. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:801. [PMID: 38062013 PMCID: PMC10703885 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer worldwide, remains highly lethal as the disease only becomes symptomatic at an advanced stage. Growing evidence suggests that histone deacetylases (HDACs), a group of epigenetic enzymes overexpressed in precancerous lesions of CRC, may represent promising molecular targets for CRC treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have gradually become powerful anti-cancer agents targeting epigenetic modulation and have been widely used in the clinical treatment of hematologic malignancies, while only few studies on the benefit of HDACis in the treatment of CRC. In the present study, we designed a series of small-molecule Thiazole-based HDACis, among which HR488B bound to HDAC1 with a high affinity and exerted effective anti-CRC activity both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we revealed that HR488B specifically suppressed the growth of CRC cells by inducing cell cycle G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis via causing mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and DNA damage accumulation. Importantly, we noticed that HR488B significantly decreased the expression of the E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), which was crucial for the inhibitory effect of HR488B on CRC. Mechanistically, HR488B obviously decreased the phosphorylation level of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), and subsequently prevented the release of E2F1 from the E2F1/Rb/HDAC1 complex, which ultimately suppressed the growth of CRC cells. Overall, our study suggests that HR488B, a novel and efficient HDAC1 inhibitor, may be a potential candidate for CRC therapy in the future. Furthermore, targeting the E2F1/Rb/HDAC1 axis with HR488B provides a promising therapeutic avenue for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namin Duan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiran Qiu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuru Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxia Lu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yamin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lingang Special Area, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lingang Special Area, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, P.R. China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lingang Special Area, Shanghai, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yan L, Geng Q, Cao Z, Liu B, Li L, Lu P, Lin L, Wei L, Tan Y, He X, Li L, Zhao N, Lu C. Insights into DNMT1 and programmed cell death in diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115753. [PMID: 37871559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) is the predominant member of the DNMT family and the most abundant DNMT in various cell types. It functions as a maintenance DNMT and is involved in various diseases, including cancer and nervous system diseases. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental mechanism that regulates cell proliferation and maintains the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. DNMT1 plays a regulatory role in various types of PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and others. DNMT1 is closely associated with the development of various diseases by regulating key genes and pathways involved in PCD, including caspase 3/7 activities in apoptosis, Beclin 1, LC3, and some autophagy-related proteins in autophagy, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in ferroptosis, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1-receptor-interacting protein kinase 3-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL) in necroptosis. Our study summarizes the regulatory relationship between DNMT1 and different types of PCD in various diseases and discusses the potential of DNMT1 as a common regulatory hub in multiple types of PCD, offering a perspective for therapeutic approaches in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Geng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lini Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liwang JK, Kronman FA, Minteer JA, Wu YT, Vanselow DJ, Ben-Simon Y, Taormina M, Parmaksiz D, Way SW, Zeng H, Tasic B, Ng L, Kim Y. epDevAtlas: Mapping GABAergic cells and microglia in postnatal mouse brains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.24.568585. [PMID: 38045330 PMCID: PMC10690281 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.24.568585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
During development, brain regions follow encoded growth trajectories. Compared to classical brain growth charts, high-definition growth charts could quantify regional volumetric growth and constituent cell types, improving our understanding of typical and pathological brain development. Here, we create high-resolution 3D atlases of the early postnatal mouse brain, using Allen CCFv3 anatomical labels, at postnatal days (P) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14, and determine the volumetric growth of different brain regions. We utilize 11 different cell type-specific transgenic animals to validate and refine anatomical labels. Moreover, we reveal region-specific density changes in γ-aminobutyric acid-producing (GABAergic), cortical layer-specific cell types, and microglia as key players in shaping early postnatal brain development. We find contrasting changes in GABAergic neuronal densities between cortical and striatal areas, stabilizing at P12. Moreover, somatostatin-expressing cortical interneurons undergo regionally distinct density reductions, while vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurons show no significant changes. Remarkably, microglia transition from high density in white matter tracks to gray matter at P10, and show selective density increases in sensory processing areas that correlate with the emergence of individual sensory modalities. Lastly, we create an open-access web-visualization ( https://kimlab.io/brain-map/epDevAtlas ) for cell-type growth charts and developmental atlases for all postnatal time points.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mohammad-Rafiei F, Moadab F, Mahmoudi A, Navashenaq JG, Gheibihayat SM. Efferocytosis: a double-edged sword in microbial immunity. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:370. [PMID: 37925389 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Efferocytosis is characterized as the rapid and efficient process by which dying or dead cells are removed. This type of clearance is initiated via "find-me" signals, and then, carries on by "eat-me" and "don't-eat-me" ones. Efferocytosis has a critical role to play in tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. However, some evidence suggests it as a double-edged sword in microbial immunity. In other words, some pathogens have degraded efferocytosis by employing efferocytic mechanisms to bypass innate immune detection and promote infection, despite the function of this process for the control and clearance of pathogens. In this review, the efferocytosis mechanisms from the recognition of dying cells to phagocytic engulfment are initially presented, and then, its diverse roles in inflammation and immunity are highlighted. In this case, much focus is also laid on some bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), Influenza A virus (IAV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Leishmania, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammad-Rafiei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moadab
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hao M, Han X, Yao Z, Zhang H, Zhao M, Peng M, Wang K, Shan Q, Sang X, Wu X, Wang L, Lv Q, Yang Q, Bao Y, Kuang H, Zhang H, Cao G. The pathogenesis of organ fibrosis: Focus on necroptosis. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2862-2879. [PMID: 36111431 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common process of tissue repair response to multiple injuries in all chronic progressive diseases, which features with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Fibrosis can occur in all organs and tends to be nonreversible with the progress of the disease. Different cells types in different organs are involved in the occurrence and development of fibrosis, that is, hepatic stellate cells, pancreatic stellate cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Various types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and necroptosis, are closely related to organ fibrosis. Among these programmed cell death types, necroptosis, an emerging regulated cell death type, is regarded as a huge potential target to ameliorate organ fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the role of necroptosis signalling in organ fibrosis and collate the small molecule compounds targeting necroptosis. In addition, we discuss the potential challenges, opportunities and open questions in using necroptosis signalling as a potential target for antifibrotic therapies. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouhui Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yini Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haodan Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang H, Jin B, Liu L, Li H, Zheng X, Li M, He R, Wang K. Glutathione Might Attenuate Arsenic-Induced Liver Injury by Modulating the Foxa2-XIAP Axis to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5201-5212. [PMID: 36689145 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (AS) is a metalloid element that widely exists and can cause different degrees of liver damage. The molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced liver injury has yet to be fully elucidated. Clinically, glutathione (GSH) is often used as an antidote for heavy metal poisoning and hepatoprotective drugs. However, the hepatoprotective effect of glutathione remains unknown in arsenic-induced liver injury. The regulatory relationship between Foxa2 and XIAP may play an important role in mitochondrial survival and death. Therefore, we took Foxa2-XIAP as the axis to explore the protective mechanism of GSH. In this study, we first established a mouse model of chronic arsenic exposure and examined liver function as reflected by quantitative parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Also, redox parameters in the liver were measured, including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosin, and glutathione peroxidase. RT-qPCR and western-blotting were used to detect the levels of related genes and proteins, such as Foxa2, XIAP, Smac, Bax, Bcl2, Caspase9, and Caspase3. Subsequently, GSH was administered at the same time as high arsenic exposure, and changes in the above parameters were observed. After a comprehensive analysis of the above results, we demonstrate that GSH treatment alleviates arsenic-induced oxidative stress and inhibits the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, which can be regulated through the Foxa2 and XIAP axis. The present study would be helpful in elucidating the molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced liver injury and identifying a new potential therapeutic target. And we also provided new theoretical support for glutathione in the treatment of liver damage caused by arsenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, (23618504)150081, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Baiming Jin
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Lele Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, (23618504)150081, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, (23618504)150081, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiujuan Zheng
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, (23618504)150081, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingqi Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, (23618504)150081, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Rui He
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, (23618504)150081, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, (23618504)150081, Harbin, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang LY, Liu XJ, Li QQ, Zhu Y, Ren HL, Song JN, Zeng J, Mei J, Tian HX, Rong DC, Zhang SH. The romantic history of signaling pathway discovery in cell death: an updated review. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04873-2. [PMID: 37851176 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms. Processes such as embryonic development, organ formation, tissue growth, organismal immunity, and drug response are accompanied by cell death. In recent years with the development of electron microscopy as well as biological techniques, especially the discovery of novel death modes such as ferroptosis, cuprotosis, alkaliptosis, oxeiptosis, and disulfidptosis, researchers have been promoted to have a deeper understanding of cell death modes. In this systematic review, we examined the current understanding of modes of cell death, including the recently discovered novel death modes. Our analysis highlights the common and unique pathways of these death modes, as well as their impact on surrounding cells and the organism as a whole. Our aim was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on cell death, with a focus on identifying gaps in our knowledge and opportunities for future investigation. We also presented a new insight for macroscopic intracellular survival patterns, namely that intracellular molecular homeostasis is central to the balance of different cell death modes, and this viewpoint can be well justified by the signaling crosstalk of different death modes. These concepts can facilitate the future research about cell death in clinical diagnosis, drug development, and therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Yun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jian Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Li Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Nan Song
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xiang Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ding-Chao Rong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feuerwerker S, Cockrell RC, An G. Characterizing the Crosstalk Between Programmed Cell Death Pathways in Cytokine Storm With an Agent-Based Model. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:725-733. [PMID: 37824803 PMCID: PMC10615089 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing recognition of extensive crosstalk between programmed cell death pathways (PCDPs), such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, resulting in a highly redundant system responsive to a breadth of potential pathogens. However, because pyroptosis and necroptosis propagate inflammation, these redundancies also present challenges for therapeutic control of dysregulated hyperinflammation seen in cytokine storm (CS) generated organ dysfunction. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the conversion of existing knowledge regarding apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis into a computational model can enhance our understanding of the crosstalk between PCDPs via simulation experiments of microbe interactions and experimental interventions. Materials and Methods: Literature regarding apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis was reviewed and transposed into an agent-based model, the programmed cell death agent-based model (PCDABM). Computational experiments were performed to simulate the activation of various PCDPs as seen by differing microbes, specifically: influenza A virus (IAV), enteropathic Escherichia coli (EPEC), and Salmonella enterica (SE). The potential protective value of PCDP crosstalk was evaluated by silencing either pyroptosis, necroptosis, or both. Computational experiments were also performed simulating the effect of potential therapies blocking tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1. Results: The PCDABM was implemented in the agent-based modeling toolkit NetLogo. Computational experiments of infection with IAV, EPEC, and SE reproduced cross-activation of PCDPs with effective microbial clearance. Simulations of anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 did not reduce the aggregated amount of inflammation-generated system damage, the surrogate for CS-generated tissue damage. Conclusions: Redundancies have evolved in host PCDPs to maintain protection against a wide range of pathogens. However, these redundancies also challenge attempts at dampening the pathogenic hyperinflammatory state of CS using therapeutic immunomodulation. Integrative simulation models such as the PCDABM can aid in identifying potentially targetable inflection points to mitigate CS while maintaining effective host defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Feuerwerker
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - R. Chase Cockrell
- Department of Surgical Research, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Gary An
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chimata AV, Darnell H, Raj A, Kango-Singh M, Singh A. Transcriptional pausing factor M1BP regulates cellular homeostasis by suppressing autophagy and apoptosis in Drosophila eye. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:2252307. [PMID: 37746026 PMCID: PMC10512699 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2252307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
During organogenesis cellular homeostasis plays a crucial role in patterning and growth. The role of promoter proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II, which regulates transcription of several developmental genes by GAGA factor or Motif 1 Binding Protein (M1BP), has not been fully understood in cellular homeostasis. Earlier, we reported that M1BP, a functional homolog of ZKSCAN3, regulates wingless and caspase-dependent cell death (apoptosis) in the Drosophila eye. Further, blocking apoptosis does not fully rescue the M1BPRNAi phenotype of reduced eye. Therefore, we looked for other possible mechanism(s). In a forward genetic screen, members of the Jun-amino-terminal-(NH2)-Kinase (JNK) pathway were identified. Downregulation of M1BP ectopically induces JNK, a pro-death pathway known to activate both apoptosis and caspase-independent (autophagy) cell death. Activation of JNK pathway components can enhance M1BPRNAi phenotype and vice-versa. Downregulation of M1BP ectopically induced JNK signaling, which leads to apoptosis and autophagy. Apoptosis and autophagy are regulated independently by their genetic circuitry. Here, we found that blocking either apoptosis or autophagy alone rescues the reduced eye phenotype of M1BP downregulation; whereas, blocking both apoptosis and autophagy together significantly rescues the M1BP reduced eye phenotype to near wild-type in nearly 85% progeny. This data suggests that the cellular homeostasis response demonstrated by two independent cell death mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy, can be regulated by a common transcriptional pausing mechanism orchestrated by M1BP. Since these fundamental processes are conserved in higher organisms, this novel functional link between M1BP and regulation of both apoptosis and autophagy can be extrapolated to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Darnell
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Akanksha Raj
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Integrative Science and Engineering (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration & Engineering (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Integrative Science and Engineering (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huai B, Liang M, Lin J, Tong P, Bai M, He H, Liang X, Chen J, Wu H. Involvement of Vacuolar Processing Enzyme CgVPE1 in Vacuole Rupture in the Programmed Cell Death during the Development of the Secretory Cavity in Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11681. [PMID: 37511439 PMCID: PMC10380461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) with caspase-1-like activity are closely associated with vacuole rupture. The destruction of vacuoles is one of the characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. However, whether VPE is involved in the vacuole destruction of cells during secretory cavity formation in Citrus plants remains unclear. This research identified a CgVPE1 gene that encoded the VPE and utilized cytology and molecular biology techniques to explore its temporal and spatial expression characteristics during the PCD process of secretory cavity cells in the Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' fruit. The results showed that CgVPE1 is an enzyme with VPE and caspase-1-like activity that can self-cleave into a mature enzyme in an acidic environment. CgVPE1 is specifically expressed in the epithelial cells of secretory cavities. In addition, it mainly accumulates in vacuoles before it is ruptured in the secretory cavity cells. The spatial and temporal immunolocalization of CgVPE1 showed a strong relationship with the change in vacuole structure during PCD in secretory cavity cells. In addition, the change in the two types of VPE proteins from proenzymes to mature enzymes was closely related to the change in CgVPE1 localization. Our results indicate that CgVPE1 plays a vital role in PCD, causing vacuole rupture in cells during the development of the secretory cavity in C. grandis 'Tomentosa' fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Minjian Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Panpan Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mei Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hanjun He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiezhong Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Czerwonka AE, Sawadro MK, Brożek J, Babczyńska AI. Immunostimulation of Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Araneae: Theridiidae) in juvenile and adult stages. Immunity reactions to injury with foreign body and Bacillus subtilis infection. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15337. [PMID: 37483985 PMCID: PMC10358339 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the immune potential of spiders, in the present study juvenile and adult females of Parasteatoda tepidariorum were exposed to Bacillus subtilis infection, injury by a nylon monofilament and a combination of both. The expression level of selected immune-related genes: defensin 1 (PtDEF1), lysozyme 1 (PtLYS1), lysozyme C (PtLYSC), lysozyme M1 (PtLYSM1), autophagy-related protein 101 (PtATG101), dynamin (PtDYN) and heat shock proteins (HSP70) (PtHSPB, PtHSPB2A, PtHSPB2B), production of lysozyme and HSP70 proteins, and hemocytes viability were measured. The obtained results indicated expression of the lysozyme, autophagy-related protein and HSP70 genes in both ontogenetic stages of P. tepidariorum. It has been also shown that the simultaneous action of mechanical and biological factors causes higher level of lysozyme and HSP70, cell apoptosis intensity and lower level of hemocytes viability than in the case of exposure to a single immunostimulant. Moreover, mature females showed stronger early immune responses compared to juveniles.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rich A, Lin P, Gamazon E, Zinkel S. The broad impact of cell death genes on the human disease phenome. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.11.23291256. [PMID: 37398182 PMCID: PMC10312822 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.11.23291256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic, necroptotic, and pyroptotic cell death pathways are attractive and druggable targets for many human diseases, however the tissue specificity of these pathways and the relationship between these pathways and human disease is poorly characterized. Understanding the impact of modulating cell death gene expression on the human phenome could inform clinical investigation of cell death pathway-modulating therapeutics in human disorders by identifying novel trait associations and by detecting tissue-specific side effect profiles. We analyzed the expression profiles of an array of 44 cell death genes across somatic tissues in GTEx v8 and investigated the relationship between tissue-specific genetically determined expression of 44 cell death genes and the human phenome using summary statistics-based transcriptome wide association studies (TWAS) on human traits in the UK Biobank V3 (n ~500,000). We evaluated 513 traits encompassing ICD-10 defined diagnoses and hematologic traits (blood count labs). Our analysis revealed hundreds of significant (FDR<0.05) associations between cell death gene expression and diverse human phenotypes, which were independently validated in another large-scale biobank. Cell death genes were highly enriched for significant associations with blood traits versus non-cell-death genes, with apoptosis-associated genes enriched for leukocyte and platelet traits and necroptosis gene associations enriched for erythroid traits (e.g., Reticulocyte count, FDR=0.004). This suggests that immunogenic cell death pathways play an important role in regulating erythropoiesis and reinforces the paradigm that apoptosis pathway genes are critical for white blood cell and platelet development. Of functionally analogous genes, for instance pro-survival BCL2 family members, trait/direction-of-effect relationships were heterogeneous across blood traits. Overall, these results suggest that even functionally similar and/or orthologous cell death genes play distinct roles in their contribution to human phenotypes, and that cell death genes influence a diverse array of human traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Rich
- Molecular Pathology & Immunology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University
| | - Phillip Lin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Eric Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Sandra Zinkel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lv Y, Wu M, Wang Z, Wang J. Ferroptosis: From regulation of lipid peroxidation to the treatment of diseases. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:827-851. [PMID: 36459356 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death mainly manifested by iron-dependent lipid peroxide accumulation. The leading cause of ferroptosis is the imbalance of intracellular oxidative systems (e.g., LOXs, POR, ROS) and antioxidant systems (e.g., GSH/GPx4, CoQ10/FSP1, BH4/GCH1), which is regulated by a complex network. In the past decade, this metabolic network has been continuously refined, and the links with various pathophysiological processes have been gradually established. Apoptosis has been regarded as the only form of regulated cell death for a long time, and the application of chemotherapeutic drugs to induce apoptosis of cancer cells is the mainstream method. However, studies have reported that cancer cells' key features are resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapeutics. For high proliferation, cancer cells often have very active lipid metabolism and iron metabolism, which pave the way for ferroptosis. Interestingly, researchers found that drug-resistant or highly aggressive cancer cells are more prone to ferroptosis. Therefore, ferroptosis may be a potential strategy to eliminate cancer cells. In addition, links between ferroptosis and other diseases, such as neurological disorders and ischemia-reperfusion injury, have also been found. Understanding these diseases from the perspective of ferroptosis may provide new insights into clinical treatment. Herein, the metabolic processes in ferroptosis are reviewed, and the potential mechanisms and targets of ferroptosis in different diseases are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Meiying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Junqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Akarsu SA, Güngör İH, Cihangiroğlu AÇ, Acısu TC, Koca RH, Türk G, Sönmez M, Gür S. Effect of sulforaphane on long-term storage of rabbit semen. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230001. [PMID: 37293253 PMCID: PMC10247182 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on rabbit semen cryopreservation. Semen collected from animals was divided into 5 equal volumes as Control, SFN 5 µM, SFN 10 µM, SFN 25 µM and SFN 50 µM groups. Afterwards, semen analyzes were performed. According to our results, there was no statistical difference between the groups at 4°C. However after freezing thawing, the highest total motility, progressive motility and rapid spermatozoa rate was seen in the 10 µM SFN group, while the lowest was observed in the 50 µM SFN group (P<0.05). Static sperm ratio was highest in the 50 µM group, while the lowest was observed in the 10 µM SFN group. When flow cytometry results examined the rate of acrosomal damaged and dead sperm was the lowest in the 10 µM SFN group, a statistical difference was observed between the control group (P<0.05). The highest rate of sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential was seen in the 5 µM SFN and 10 µM SFN groups. Apoptosis and ROS rates were found to be lower in the experimental groups compared to the control groups (P<0.05). As a result, SFN supplementation at a dose of 10 µM increased the quality of sperm in the freezing and thawing processes of rabbit semen. In conclusion, 10 µM SFN improved the quality of cryopreservation of rabbit semen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Ali Akarsu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Halil Güngör
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Çakır Cihangiroğlu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Tutku Can Acısu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Recep Hakkı Koca
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Gaffari Türk
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sönmez
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Seyfettin Gür
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun L, Zhou Y, Wang C, Nie Y, Xu A, Wu L. Multi-generation reproductive toxicity of RDX and the involved signal pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115074. [PMID: 37257349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most frequently used explosives, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) can cause persistent pollution in the environment, leading to the potential ecological threat crossing the generations. In this study, we employed Caenorhabditis elegans to explore the toxic effects of RDX on the parental and offspring worms and the involved signaling pathways. Exposure up to 1000 ng/mL of RDX produced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, germ cell apoptosis, and decrease in eggs laid. Various mutants were used to demonstrate the RDX-induced apoptosis signaling pathway, and the metabolism of RDX in the nematodes was found related to cytochrome P450 and GST through RNA sequencing. Exposure of parental worms to RDX produced significant reproductive toxicity in F1 and F2, but was recovered in F3 and F4. The transgenerational effects were associated with the decreased expression of met-2, spr-5, and set-2. Our findings revealed the signaling pathways related to the reproductive toxicity caused by RDX in C. elegans and their future generations, which provided the basis for further exploration of the ecological risks of energetic compounds in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Sun
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - An Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tuncer M, Alcan S. Pyroptosis: a new therapeutic strategy in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08482-6. [PMID: 37243815 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death pathways play important roles in a wide variety of physiological processes. Although it has similarities with apoptosis pyroptosis is a different type of programmed cell death. Pyroptosis can be triggered by different molecules originating from the cells or their environment. Once a pyroptotic pathway is started, it is followed by different molecular steps, and, it ends with the disruption of cell membrane integrity and the onset of inflammatory processes. In addition to the role of pyroptosis in the host's innate immunity against pathogens, uncontrolled pyroptosis can lead to increased inflammation and lead various diseases. The contradictory role of pyroptosis-related molecular changes in the pathogenesis of cancer has attracted attention lately. Excessive or decreased expression of molecules involved in pyroptotic pathways is associated with various cancers. There are ongoing studies on the use of different treatment methods for cancer in combination with new therapies targeting pyroptosis. The potential beneficial effects or side-effect profiles of these protocols targeting pyroptosis still need to be investigated. This will provide us with more efficient and safer options to treat cancer. This review aims to overview the main pathways and mechanisms of pyroptosis and to discuss its role in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Tuncer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye-Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Simay Alcan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye-Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arjsri P, Mapoung S, Semmarath W, Srisawad K, Tuntiwechapikul W, Yodkeeree S, Dejkriengkraikul P. Pyrogallol from Spirogyra neglecta Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via Modulating Akt/GSK-3 β/ β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076452. [PMID: 37047425 PMCID: PMC10094533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced form of prostate cancer associated with poor survival rates. The high proliferation and metastasis rates have made CRPC one of the most challenging types of cancer for medical practitioners and researchers. In this study, the anti-cancer properties and inhibition of CRPC progression by S. neglecta extract and its active constituents were determined using two CRPC cell lines, DU145 and PC3. The ethyl acetate fraction of S. neglecta (SnEA) was obtained using a solvent-partitioned extraction technique. The active constituents of SnEA were then determined using the HPLC technique, which showed that SnEA mainly contained syringic acid, pyrogallol, and p-coumaric acid phenolic compounds. After the determination of cytotoxic properties using the SRB assay, it was found that pyrogallol, but not the other two major compounds of SnEA, displayed promising anti-cancer properties in both CRPC cell lines. SnEA and pyrogallol were then further investigated for their anti-proliferation and apoptotic induction properties using propidium iodide and Annexin V staining. The results showed that SnEA and pyrogallol inhibited both DU145 and PC3 cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and significantly decreased the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK-2, and CDK-4, p < 0.001). SnEA and pyrogallol treatments also promoted apoptosis in both types of CRPC cells through significantly downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins (survivin, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl, p < 0.001) and upregulating apoptotic proteins (cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP-1, p < 0.001). Mechanistic study demonstrated that SnEA and pyrogallol inactivated the Akt signaling pathway leading to enhancement of the active form of GSK-3β in CRPC cell lines. Therefore, the phosphorylation of β-catenin was increased, which caused degradation of the protein, resulting in a downregulation of β-catenin (unphosphorylated form) transcriptional factor activity. The current results reflect the potential impact of S. neglecta extract and pyrogallol on the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punnida Arjsri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sariya Mapoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Warathit Semmarath
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Srisawad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wirote Tuntiwechapikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Waguia Kontchou C, Häcker G. Role of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during bacterial infection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 374:83-127. [PMID: 36858657 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the initial 'powerhouse' view, mitochondria have numerous functions in their mammalian cell and contribute to many physiological processes, and many of these we understand only partially. The control of apoptosis by mitochondria is firmly established. Many questions remain however how this function is embedded into physiology, and how other signaling pathways regulate mitochondrial apoptosis; the interplay of bacteria with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is one such example. The outer mitochondrial membrane regulates both import into mitochondria and the release of intermembrane, and in some situations also matrix components from mitochondria, and these mitochondrial components can have signaling function in the cytosol. One function is the induction of apoptotic cell death. An exciting, more recently discovered function is the regulation of inflammation. Mitochondrial molecules, both proteins and nucleic acids, have inflammatory activity when released from mitochondria, an activity whose regulation is intertwined with the activation of apoptotic caspases. Bacterial infection can have more general effects on mitochondrial apoptosis-regulation, through effects on host transcription and other pathways, such as signals controlled by pattern recognition. Some specialized bacteria have products that more specifically regulate signaling to the outer mitochondrial membrane, and to apoptosis; both pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms have been reported. Among the intriguing recent findings in this area are signaling contributions of porins and the sub-lethal release of intermembrane constituents. We will here review the literature and place the new developments into the established context of mitochondrial signaling during the contact of bacterial pathogens with human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collins Waguia Kontchou
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Advances in Molecular Regulation of Prostate Cancer Cells by Top Natural Products of Malaysia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1536-1567. [PMID: 36826044 PMCID: PMC9954984 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains both a global health burden and a scientific challenge. We present a review of the molecular targets driving current drug discovery to fight this disease. Moreover, the preventable nature of most PCa cases represents an opportunity for phytochemicals as chemopreventive when adequately integrated into nutritional interventions. With a renovated interest in natural remedies as a commodity and their essential role in cancer drug discovery, Malaysia is looking towards capitalizing on its mega biodiversity, which includes the oldest rainforest in the world and an estimated 1200 medicinal plants. We here explore whether the list of top Malay plants prioritized by the Malaysian government may fulfill the potential of becoming newer, sustainable sources of prostate cancer chemotherapy. These include Andrographis paniculate, Centella asiatica, Clinacanthus nutans, Eurycoma longifolia, Ficus deltoidea, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Marantodes pumilum (syn. Labisia pumila), Morinda citrifolia, Orthosiphon aristatus, and Phyllanthus niruri. Our review highlights the importance of resistance factors such as Smac/DIABLO in cancer progression, the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in cancer metastasis, and the regulation of PCa cells by some promising terpenes (andrographolide, Asiatic acid, rosmarinic acid), flavonoids (isovitexin, gossypin, sinensetin), and alkylresorcinols (labisiaquinones) among others.
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu F, Cao X, Tian F, Jiang J, Lin K, Cheng J, Hu X. Continuous and discontinuous multi-generational disturbances of tetrabromobisphenol A on longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114522. [PMID: 36628875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the most prevalently used brominated flame retardants. Due to its persistence, it is predominantly found in environmental matrices and has the potential to generate multi-generational toxicity. However, knowledge of its adaptive response or long-term residual effect in multi-generations, and molecular mechanisms remain understudied. In the current study, the model animal nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was exposed to TBBPA at environmentally realistic concentrations (0.1-1000 μg L-1) for four consecutive generations (G0 to G3). Degenerative age-related multiple endpoints including lifespan, locomotion behaviors, growth, reproduction, oxidative stress-related biochemical responses, cell apoptosis, and stress related gene expressions were assessed in the continuous exposure generations (G0 and G3) and the discontinuously exposed generations (T3 and T'3). The results showed that changes in degenerative age-related response monitored four generations varied in direction and magnitude depending on the TBBPA concentrations, and the response intensify ranked as G0 > T'3/G3 > T3. TBBPA at 1 μg L-1 dosage was detected as the lowest observed effect concentration in multi-biomarkers. The underlying mechanism of aging phenotypes was that reactive oxygen species accumulation led to cell apoptosis regulated by gene ape-1, and confirmed catalase enzyme and superoxide dismutase activity played a crucial role in the detoxification process of TBBPA at the molecular level. This study provided insights into the underlying mechanism of TBBPA-interfered longevity and its environmental multi-generational potential risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuwen Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xue Cao
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Fuxiang Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jingxian Jiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Factors Affecting Arbovirus Midgut Escape in Mosquitoes. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020220. [PMID: 36839492 PMCID: PMC9963182 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviral diseases spread by mosquitoes cause significant morbidity and mortality throughout much of the world. The treatment and prevention of these diseases through medication and vaccination is often limited, which makes controlling arboviruses at the level of the vector ideal. One way to prevent the spread of an arbovirus would be to stop its vector from developing a disseminated infection, which is required for the virus to make its way to the saliva of the mosquito to be potentially transmitted to a new host. The midgut of the mosquito provides one such opportunity to stop an arbovirus in its tracks. It has been known for many years that in certain arbovirus-vector combinations, or under certain circumstances, an arbovirus can infect and replicate in the midgut but is unable to escape from the tissue to cause disseminated infection. This situation is known as a midgut escape barrier. If we better understand why this barrier occurs, it might aid in the development of more informed control strategies. In this review, we discuss how the midgut escape barrier contributes to virus-vector specificity and possible mechanisms that may allow this barrier to be overcome in successful virus-vector combinations. We also discuss several of the known factors that either increase or decrease the likelihood of midgut escape.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mocarski ES. Programmed Necrosis in Host Defense. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 442:1-40. [PMID: 37563336 DOI: 10.1007/82_2023_264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Host control over infectious disease relies on the ability of cells in multicellular organisms to detect and defend against pathogens to prevent disease. Evolution affords mammals with a wide variety of independent immune mechanisms to control or eliminate invading infectious agents. Many pathogens acquire functions to deflect these immune mechanisms and promote infection. Following successful invasion of a host, cell autonomous signaling pathways drive the production of inflammatory cytokines, deployment of restriction factors and induction of cell death. Combined, these innate immune mechanisms attract dendritic cells, neutrophils and macrophages as well as innate lymphoid cells such as natural killer cells that all help control infection. Eventually, the development of adaptive pathogen-specific immunity clears infection and provides immune memory of the encounter. For obligate intracellular pathogens such as viruses, diverse cell death pathways make a pivotal contribution to early control by eliminating host cells before progeny are produced. Pro-apoptotic caspase-8 activity (along with caspase-10 in humans) executes extrinsic apoptosis, a nonlytic form of cell death triggered by TNF family death receptors (DRs). Over the past two decades, alternate extrinsic apoptosis and necroptosis outcomes have been described. Programmed necrosis, or necroptosis, occurs when receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) activates mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL), causing cell leakage. Thus, activation of DRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs) or pathogen sensor Z-nucleic acid binding protein 1 (ZBP1) initiates apoptosis as well as necroptosis if not blocked by virus-encoded inhibitors. Mammalian cell death pathways are blocked by herpesvirus- and poxvirus-encoded cell death suppressors. Growing evidence has revealed the importance of Z-nucleic acid sensor, ZBP1, in the cell autonomous recognition of both DNA and RNA virus infection. This volume will explore the detente between viruses and cells to manage death machinery and avoid elimination to support dissemination within the host animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Mocarski
- Robert W. Woodruff Professor Emeritus, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alshiraihi I, Kato TA. Apoptosis Detection Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2519:53-63. [PMID: 36066709 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2433-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many apoptosis assays are available since there are many proteins regulated at multiple points and involved in apoptosis signaling cascade. To detect apoptosis accurately, two or more assays should be used since there are many overlapped features between apoptosis and necrosis. There are six major groups of available assays to detect apoptosis: membrane alteration, mitochondrial assays, cytomorphological alterations, DNA fragmentation, detection of caspase, cleaved substrate, inhibitors and regulators, and detection of apoptosis in whole mounts. Among those assay, early apoptosis could be detected through annexin V, which is based on the loss of the cellular membrane integrity. Also, there are many assays that can detect midphase of apoptosis using caspase activation and molecular processing including PARP degradation. Late phase of apoptosis could be detected with DNA fragmentation assays. Combinations of these assays allow us to identify the mechanisms of apoptosis induction after specific stimulus. This chapter will introduce three apoptosis detection assays including annexin assay, DNA/chromatin condensation assays, and TUNEL assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Alshiraihi
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takamitsu A Kato
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ohta T, Tanimura T, Kimura KI. A gain-of-function mutation in head involution defective , Wrinkled, causes precocious cell death of wing epidermal cells in Drosophila. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000703. [PMID: 36606079 PMCID: PMC9808536 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In Drosophila , wing epidermal cells undergo programmed cell death as the last step of metamorphosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of hid , particularly the Wrinkled mutation ( hid W ), an allele of hid , in the cell death. The wing epithelial cell death is suppressed by loss-of-function mutation of hid , indicating that the death is governed by a cascade involving hid . Examination of the cell death in hid W showed that precocious death started at G stage, 3 h before eclosion. Thus, mutated-HID in the hid W mutant was activated at G stage, supporting the gain-of-function effect of hid W mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ohta
- Laboratory of Biology, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo Campus, Sapporo, Japan
,
Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Teiichi Tanimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
,
Present address: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kimura
- Laboratory of Biology, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo Campus, Sapporo, Japan
,
Correspondence to: Ken-ichi Kimura (
)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fometu SS, Ma Q, Wang J, Guo J, Ma L, Wu G. Biological Effect Evaluation of Different Sized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Bombyx mori (Silkworm) as a Model Animal. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5260-5272. [PMID: 34997532 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in various disciplines, and it is imperative to evaluate their safety in the environment. In this paper, Bombyx mori (silkworm) was used as a model organism to evaluate the biological effects of different sized TiO2 NPs, taking into consideration their effect on the larval growth, cocoon shell weight, tissues, and silk produced. The effect of the different sized TiO2 NPs on the larval and cocoon shell weight was dose-dependent. The highest accumulation of titanium (Ti) following a modified TiO2 NPs-treated mulberry diet was observed in the midgut. The expression of the light chain fibroin (FIBL) was three times higher in 0.33 g TiO2 NPs-treated silk gland after 96 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that TiO2 NPs-treated silk fiber (TiSF) exhibited a diminutive decrease in silk fiber (SF) crystallization and β-sheet compared to the control SF, respectively. The tensile tests of SF from silkworm fed with 0.03 g of 25 nm TiO2 NPs were significantly improved when compared to the control SF. Significant changes in the surface morphology and thermal stability of SF were observed. The antimicrobial activity of TiSF was investigated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, with ciprofloxacin-treated SF acting as a control. It was documented that 0.09 g of 60 nm TiSF was most effective against P. aeruginosa at a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 21.06 mm when compared with the control SF which recorded a ZOI of 17.19 mm. This study highlighted a different approach in evaluating the biological effects of TiO2 NPs using the silkworm as a model and assessing their impact on the silk intrinsic property, which will be effective in biotechnology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Senyo Fometu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - JinJin Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, 561000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Wu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China.
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
D'Alessandro G, Marrocco F, Limatola C. Microglial cells: Sensors for neuronal activity and microbiota-derived molecules. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011129. [PMID: 36426369 PMCID: PMC9679421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells play pleiotropic homeostatic activities in the brain, during development and in adulthood. Microglia regulate synaptic activity and maturation, and continuously patrol brain parenchyma monitoring for and reacting to eventual alterations or damages. In the last two decades microglia were given a central role as an indicator to monitor the inflammatory state of brain parenchyma. However, the recent introduction of single cell scRNA analyses in several studies on the functional role of microglia, revealed a not-negligible spatio-temporal heterogeneity of microglial cell populations in the brain, both during healthy and in pathological conditions. Furthermore, the recent advances in the knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the modulation of cerebral activity induced by gut microbe-derived molecules open new perspectives for deciphering the role of microglial cells as possible mediators of these interactions. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent studies correlating gut-derived molecules and vagal stimulation, as well as dysbiotic events, to alteration of brain functioning, and the contribution of microglial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Marrocco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Doroshenko A, Tomkova S, Kozar T, Stroffekova K. Hypericin, a potential new BH3 mimetic. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991554. [PMID: 36267274 PMCID: PMC9577225 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of cancer such as prostate cancer, myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, glioblastoma display strong chemo resistance, which is supported by enhanced expression of multiple anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 proteins. The viable anti-cancer strategies are based on developing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins inhibitors, BH3 mimetics. Our focus in past years has been on the investigating a new potential BH3 mimetic, Hypericin (Hyp). Hyp is a naturally occurring photosensitive compound used in photodynamic therapy and diagnosis. We have demonstrated that Hyp can cause substantial effects in cellular ultrastructure, mitochondria function and metabolism, and distribution of Bcl2 proteins in malignant and non-malignant cells. One of the possible mechanisms of Hyp action could be the direct interactions between Bcl-2 proteins and Hyp. We investigated this assumption by in silico computer modelling and in vitro fluorescent spectroscopy experiments with the small Bcl2 peptide segments designed to correspond to Bcl2 BH3 and BH1 domains. We show here that Hyp interacts with BH3 and BH1 peptides in concentration dependent manner, and shows the stronger interactions than known BH3 mimetics, Gossypol (Goss) and ABT-263. In addition, interactions of Hyp, Goss and ABT263, with whole purified proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 by fluorescence spectroscopy show that Hyp interacts stronger with the Bcl-2 and less with Mcl-1 protein than Goss or ABT-263. This suggest that Hyp is comparable to other BH3 mimetics and could be explore as such. Hyp cytotoxicity was low in human U87 MG glioma, similar to that of ABT263, where Goss exerted sufficient cytotoxicity, suggesting that Hyp acts primarily on Bcl-2, but not on Mcl-1 protein. In combination therapy, low doses of Hyp with Goss effectively decreased U87 MG viability, suggesting a possible synergy effect. Overall, we can conclude that Hyp as BH3 mimetic acts primarily on Bcl-2 protein and can be explored to target cells with Bcl-2 over-expression, or in combination with other BH3 mimetics, that target Mcl-1 or Bcl-XL proteins, in dual therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Doroshenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Tomkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Kozar
- Center of Interdisciplinary Biosciences, TIP-Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Stroffekova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Katarina Stroffekova,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Y, Zhao R, Zhu X, Gao H, Gong C, Liu X, Zhang H. Discrimination of Cell Death Types with an Activatable Fluorescent Probe through Visualizing the Lysosome Morphology. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13413-13421. [PMID: 36137196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell death plays a vital role in body development, maintenance of tissue function, and homeostasis. Accurate evaluation of cell death types is of great importance for pharmacological and pathological research. However, there is a lack of efficient fluorescent probes to discriminate various cell states. Here, we design and synthesize a novel activatable fluorescent probe PNE-Lyso to detect intracellular pH and hexosaminidases with two kinds of fluorescence signals. PNE-Lyso could distinguish dead cells from healthy cells based on a dual-color mode by targeting the lysosome and evaluating lysosomal hexosaminidase activity. Significantly, PNE-Lyso could also discriminate apoptotic and necrotic cells through visualizing lysosome morphology that is adjusted by the integrity of the lysosome membrane. Moreover, probe PNE-Lyso was successfully applied to investigate the drug-induced cell death process. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first time cell death types have been distinguished based on a single fluorescent probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Can Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Y, Diao J, Wang B, Xu X, Gui M, Li C, Guo M. A second FADD mediates coelomocyte apoptosis response to Vibrio splendidus infection in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:396-404. [PMID: 35777710 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a pivotal adaptor protein that functions in mediating cell death, cell cycle regulation, and particular in innate immunity by the main death receptors. In this study, a second FADD gene in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (termed AjFADD-2) was cloned and its potential function in the innate responses was analyzed. The full-length cDNA of AjFADD-2 consists of 2405 bp and contains a 47 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1629 bp 3'-UTR, and a 729 bp ORF encoding 242 amino acids. AjFADD-2 possesses two conserved domains of intracellular N-terminal death effector domain and an extracellular C-terminal death domain, which is different from the first cloned FADD gene in A. japonicus that only possesses the death domain. AjFADD-2 was examined in all sampled six tissues and was significantly induced in V. splendidus-challenged sea cucumbers and LPS-exposed coelomocytes. Subcellular localization detection showed that AjFADD-2 was primarily observed in the coelomocyte cytoplasm, and transferred to the nucleus post V. splendidus challenge. Consistently, AjFADD-2 knockdown significantly inhibited apoptosis in V. splendidus-challenged sea cucumbers and LPS-exposed coelomocytes. Taken together, our results provided evidence that AjFADD functioned as a positive regulator of coelomocytes apoptosis in response to pathogen V. splendidus challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Jing Diao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, PR China
| | - Xi Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Minjie Gui
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Ming Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xu K, Khan M, Yu J, Snyder NW, Wu S, Vazquez-Padron RI, Wang H, Yang X. Editorial: Insights in cardiovascular therapeutics: 2021 – cell death, cardiovascular injuries, and novel targets of cardiovascular therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:981544. [PMID: 35958425 PMCID: PMC9361401 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.981544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keman Xu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Wu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Yang
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ke FS, Holloway S, Uren RT, Wong AW, Little MH, Kluck RM, Voss AK, Strasser A. The BCL-2 family member BID plays a role during embryonic development in addition to its BH3-only protein function by acting in parallel to BAX, BAK and BOK. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110300. [PMID: 35758142 PMCID: PMC9340487 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic apoptosis pathway, regulated by the BCL-2 protein family, is essential for embryonic development. Using mice lacking all known apoptosis effectors, BAX, BAK and BOK, we have previously defined the processes during development that require apoptosis. Rare Bok-/- Bax-/- Bak-/- triple knockout (TKO) mice developed to adulthood and several tissues that were thought to require apoptosis during development appeared normal. This raises the question if all apoptosis had been abolished in the TKO mice or if other BCL-2 family members could act as effectors of apoptosis. Here, we investigated the role of BID, generally considered to link the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, acting as a BH3-only protein initiating apoptosis upstream of BAX and BAK. We found that Bok-/- Bax-/- Bak-/- Bid-/- quadruple knockout (QKO) mice have additional developmental anomalies compared to TKO mice, consistent with a role of BID, not only upstream but also in parallel to BAX, BAK and BOK. Mitochondrial experiments identified a small cytochrome c-releasing activity of full-length BID. Collectively, these findings suggest a new effector role for BID in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francine S Ke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Steven Holloway
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Rachel T Uren
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Agnes W Wong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia,Murdoch Children's Medical Research InstituteMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Deep conservation and co-option of programmed cell death facilitates evolution of alternative phenotypes at multiple biological levels. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 145:28-41. [PMID: 35654666 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alternative phenotypes, such as polyphenisms and sexual dimorphisms, are widespread in nature and appear at all levels of biological organization, from genes and cells to morphology and behavior. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms through which alternative phenotypes develop and how they evolve remains understudied. In this review, we explore the association between alternative phenotypes and programmed cell death, a mechanism responsible for the elimination of superfluous cells during development. We discuss the ancient origins and deep conservation of programmed cell death (its function, forms and underlying core regulatory gene networks), and propose that it was co-opted repeatedly to generate alternative phenotypes at the level of cells, tissues, organs, external morphology, and even individuals. We review several examples from across the tree of life to explore the conditions under which programmed cell death is likely to facilitate the evolution of alternative phenotypes.
Collapse
|
45
|
Roos JL, Kotzé C. Early deviant behaviour as a dimension trait and endophenotype in schizophrenia. S Afr J Psychiatr 2022; 28:1747. [PMID: 35547101 PMCID: PMC9082214 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In psychiatry, there is still a lack of objective biological diagnostic measurements. It is important to investigate measurements or symptom dimensions that can inform diagnostic assessments and allow for a more personalised approach to patients. Aim To discuss how early deviant behaviour (EDB) may be seen as a possible continuous symptom dimension trait and endophenotype in schizophrenia. Methods Conducting a commentary review by highlighting some important findings from available literature. Results Findings regarding EDB in schizophrenia in a South African genetic sample point towards EDB as a progressive subtype of schizophrenia, with very early onset of illness (even prior to the psychotic symptomatology) and a genetic form of illness. Conclusion Valuable information can be gained by enquiring into EDB and viewing it as a continuous symptom dimension trait and endophenotype during the psychiatric diagnostic interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes L Roos
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carla Kotzé
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Muhammad A, He J, Yu T, Sun C, Shi D, Jiang Y, Xianyu Y, Shao Y. Dietary exposure of copper and zinc oxides nanoparticles affect the fitness, enzyme activity, and microbial community of the model insect, silkworm Bombyx mori. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152608. [PMID: 34973320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Copper and Zinc oxides nanoparticles (CuO and ZnO NPs, respectively) are among the most produced and commonly used engineered nanomaterials. They can be released into the environment, thereby causing health concerns and risks to biodiversity that indicate a need to evaluate their toxicological effects in a complex situation. Here, we used the insect model organism silkworm Bombyx mori to address the concerns about the biological effects associated with dietary exposure of CuO and ZnO NPs. ICP-MS analysis revealed significant accumulation of Cu and Zn (the latter being more accumulated) in silkworms' tissues (gut, fat body, silk gland, and malpighian tubule), and some elimination through feces in the respective NPs-exposed groups. NPs-exposures led to a decrease in larval body mass, survivorship, and cocoon production, where the effects of ZnO NPs were more pronounced. We also found that NPs-exposure induced gene expression changes (Attacin, lysozyme, SOD, and Dronc) and altered the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GST, and CAT), as well as impaired nutrient metabolism (alpha-amylase). Given their antibacterial property, CuO and ZnO NPs decreased species richness and diversity of the gut bacterial community and shifted their configuration to overt microbiome i.e., decreased abundance of probiotics (e.g., Acetobacter) and increased pathobionts (e.g., Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Escherichia, Enterococcus, Ralstonia, etc.) proportions. Overall, this integrated study revealed the unintended negative effects of CuO and ZnO NPs on silkworms and highlighted the potential to inevitably affect all living things due to intensive and possible mishandling of nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Muhammad
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintao He
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dier Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The great small organisms of developmental genetics: Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 2022; 485:93-122. [PMID: 35247454 PMCID: PMC9092520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Experimental embryologists working at the turn of the 19th century suggested fundamental mechanisms of development, such as localized cytoplasmic determinants and tissue induction. However, the molecular basis underlying these processes proved intractable for a long time, despite concerted efforts in many developmental systems to isolate factors with a biological role. That road block was overcome by combining developmental biology with genetics. This powerful approach used unbiased genome-wide screens to isolate mutants with developmental defects and to thereby identify genes encoding key determinants and regulatory pathways that govern development. Two small invertebrates were the pioneers: the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Their modes of development differ in many ways, but the two together led the way to unraveling the molecular mechanisms of many fundamental developmental processes. The discovery of the grand homologies between key players in development throughout the animal kingdom underscored the usefulness of studying these small invertebrate models for animal development and even human disease. We describe developmental genetics in Drosophila and C. elegans up to the rise of genomics at the beginning of the 21st Century. Finally, we discuss themes that emerge from the histories of such distinct organisms and prospects of this approach for the future.
Collapse
|
48
|
Malekloo R, Nematollahi S, Vafei AA, Rashidy-Pour A. Effects of different intensities of treadmill exercise on cued fear extinction failure, hippocampal BDNF decline, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio alteration in chronic-morphine treated male rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 421:113732. [PMID: 34990697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic morphine impairs cued fear extinction, which may contribute to the high prevalence of anxiety disorders and the replase of opiate addiction. This work investigated the effects of forced exercise with different intensities on cued fear extinction impairment and alternations of hippocampal BDNF and apoptotic proteins induced by chronic morphine. Rats were injected with bi-daily doses of morphine or saline for ten days and then received a cued or contextual fear conditioning training, which was followed by fear extinction training for four consecutive days. Cued, but the not contextual fear response was impaired in morphine-treated rats. Then, different saline or morphine-treated rats underwent forced exercise for 4-weeks with light, moderate or high intensities. Subsequently, rats received a cued fear conditioning followed by four days of extinction training, and the expression of hippocampal BDNF and apoptotic proteins was determined. A relatively long time after the last injection of morphine (35 days), rats again showed cued fear extinction failure and reduced hippocampal BDNF, which recovered by light and moderate, but not high exercise. Light and moderate, but not high-intensity treadmill exercise enhanced the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of the Bax proteins in both saline- and morphine-treated rats, which shifted the balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors in favor of cell survival. These findings highlight the impact of exercise up to moderate intensity in the recovery of cued extinction failure, more likely via BDNF in addicted individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Malekloo
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Ali Vafei
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang X, Wu L, Zhen W, Li S, Jiang X. Generation of singlet oxygen via iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and its role in Ferroptosis. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:66-73. [PMID: 38933913 PMCID: PMC11197759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a cell death pathway mediated by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxide. However, the specific downstream molecular events of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation are yet to be elucidated. In this study, based on various spectral analyses, we have found evidence that singlet oxygen is produced through the Russell mechanism during the self-reaction of lipid peroxyl radicals generated via iron-dependent lipid peroxidation regardless of the presence of cholesterol. Significantly reduced generation of singlet oxygen was observed in the absence of iron. The generated singlet oxygen accelerated the oxidative damage of lipid membranes by propagating lipid peroxidation and facilitated ferroptotic cancer cell death initiated by erastin. In this work, singlet oxygen has been revealed to be a new reactive species that participates in ferroptosis, thus improving the understanding on iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and the mechanism of ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
- Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Lie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Wenyao Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chelenga M, Sakaguchi K, Kawano K, Furukawa E, Yanagawa Y, Katagiri S, Nagano M. Low oxygen environment and astaxanthin supplementation promote the developmental competence of bovine oocytes derived from early antral follicles during 8 days of in vitro growth in a gas-permeable culture device. Theriogenology 2022; 177:116-126. [PMID: 34695665 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a constant low (5-5%) and modulated (5-20%) oxygen environments on the in vitro development of bovine oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complexes (OCGCs) cultured in the presence or absence of an antioxidant (astaxanthin: Ax). OCGCs were cultured in a gas permeable culture device for 8 days in 5-5% O2 (±Ax) and 5-20% O2 (±Ax) culture conditions. In the oxygen modulated culture conditions, the oxygen concentration was switched from 5% to 20% on day 4 of culture. Ax promoted the viability of OCGCs (P < 0.05), but both oxygen and Ax had a significant effect on ROS production levels by OCGCs (P < 0.05). Specifically, ROS levels were significantly lower and higher under 5-5% O2 (+Ax) and 5-20% O2 (-Ax) conditions, respectively (P < 0.05), with intermediate levels observed in the 5-5% O2 (-Ax) and the 5-20% O2 (+Ax) culture conditions. The steroidogenic pattern was characterized by increasing estradiol-17β but with constant progesterone production levels regardless of culture conditions, suggesting the inhibition of luteinization-like changes in granulosa cells. OCGCs cultured in the 5-20% O2 (+Ax) had higher nuclear maturation rates (P < 0.05) that were similar to the oocytes grown in vivo. However, there was no clear difference in the subsequent cleavage rates among the 5-5% O2 (±Ax) and the 5-20% O2 (+Ax) culture conditions (P > 0.05). A constant low oxygen environment significantly promoted the blastocyst rates (P < 0.05); however, the presence of Ax in the 5-20% O2 (+Ax) condition also promoted development similar to the OCGCs cultured in the 5-5% O2 (-Ax) condition (P > 0.05). In conclusion, exposure of OCGCs to constant low oxygen or oxygen modulation in the presence of Ax promotes the healthy development of OCGCs during the 8-day IVG culture using the gas permeable culture device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalitso Chelenga
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Malawi
| | - Kenichiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawano
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Eri Furukawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi-23, Towada, 034-8628, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|