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Ren M, Li Z, Wang Z, Han W, Wang F, Li Y, Zhang W, Liu X, Zhang J, Luo DQ. Antiviral Chlorinated Drimane Meroterpenoids from the Fungus Talaromyces pinophilus LD-7 and Their Biosynthetic Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:2034-2044. [PMID: 39126395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Ten new drimane meroterpenoids talarines A-J (1-10), along with six known analogues (11-16), were isolated from desert soil-derived fungus Talaromyces pinophilus LD-7. Their 2D structures were elucidated by comprehensive interpretation of NMR and HRESIMS data. Electronic circular dichroism calculation was used to establish their absolute configurations. Compounds 2, 10, and 11 showed antiviral activities toward vesicular stomatitis virus with IC50 values of 18, 15, and 23 nM, respectively. The structure-bioactivity relationship indicated that chlorine substitution at C-5 contributed greatly to their antiviral activities. Finally, we identified a new halogenase outside the biosynthetic gene cluster, which was responsible for C-5 halogenation of the precursor isocoumarin 17 as a tailoring step in chlorinated meroterpenoids assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wenjie Han
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fengxiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wenrong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Du-Qiang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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2
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McCartney ME, Wheeler GM, O’Neill AG, Patel JH, Litt ZR, Calise SJ, Kollman JM, Wills AE. Appendage regeneration requires IMPDH2 and creates a sensitized environment for enzyme filament formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.29.605679. [PMID: 39131357 PMCID: PMC11312571 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.29.605679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration of lost tissue requires biosynthesis of metabolites needed for cell proliferation and growth. Among these are the critical purine nucleotides ATP and GTP. The abundance and balance of these purines is regulated by inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), which catalyzes the committing step of GTP synthesis. IMPDH2 assembles into filaments that resist allosteric inhibition under conditions of high GTP demand. Here we asked whether IMPDH2 is required in the highly proliferative context of regeneration, and whether its assembly into filaments takes place in regenerating tissue. We find that inhibition of IMPDH2 leads to impaired tail regeneration and reduced cell proliferation in the tadpole Xenopus tropicalis. We find that both endogenous and fluorescent fusions of IMPDH2 robustly assemble into filaments throughout the tadpole tail, and that the regenerating tail creates a sensitized condition for filament formation. These findings clarify the role of purine biosynthesis in regeneration and reveal that IMPDH2 enzyme filament formation is a biologically relevant mechanism of regulation in vertebrate regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin M. Wheeler
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Audrey G. O’Neill
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Program in Biological Physics, Structure, and Design. University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Jeet H. Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Zoey R. Litt
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - S. John Calise
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | | | - Andrea E. Wills
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Washington, Seattle WA
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3
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Bulvas O, Knejzlík Z, Sýs J, Filimoněnko A, Čížková M, Clarová K, Rejman D, Kouba T, Pichová I. Deciphering the allosteric regulation of mycobacterial inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6673. [PMID: 39107302 PMCID: PMC11303537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Allosteric regulation of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an essential enzyme of purine metabolism, contributes to the homeostasis of adenine and guanine nucleotides. However, the precise molecular mechanism of IMPDH regulation in bacteria remains unclear. Using biochemical and cryo-EM approaches, we reveal the intricate molecular mechanism of the IMPDH allosteric regulation in mycobacteria. The enzyme is inhibited by both GTP and (p)ppGpp, which bind to the regulatory CBS domains and, via interactions with basic residues in hinge regions, lock the catalytic core domains in a compressed conformation. This results in occlusion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) substrate binding to the active site and, ultimately, inhibition of the enzyme. The GTP and (p)ppGpp allosteric effectors bind to their dedicated sites but stabilize the compressed octamer by a common mechanism. Inhibition is relieved by the competitive displacement of GTP or (p)ppGpp by ATP allowing IMP-induced enzyme expansion. The structural knowledge and mechanistic understanding presented here open up new possibilities for the development of allosteric inhibitors with antibacterial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Bulvas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Knejzlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Sýs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anatolij Filimoněnko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Čížková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Clarová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Rejman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kouba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Iva Pichová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Chiodi D, Ishihara Y. The role of the methoxy group in approved drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116364. [PMID: 38781921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The methoxy substituent is prevalent in natural products and, consequently, is present in many natural product-derived drugs. It has also been installed in modern drug molecules with no remnant of natural product features because medicinal chemists have been taking advantage of the benefits that this small functional group can bestow on ligand-target binding, physicochemical properties, and ADME parameters. Herein, over 230 methoxy-containing small-molecule drugs, as well as several fluoromethoxy-containing drugs, are presented from the vantage point of the methoxy group. Biochemical mechanisms of action, medicinal chemistry SAR studies, and numerous X-ray cocrystal structures are analyzed to identify the precise role of the methoxy group for many of the drugs and drug classes. Although the methoxy substituent can be considered as the hybridization of a hydroxy and a methyl group, the combination of these functionalities often results in unique effects that can amount to more than the sum of the individual parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Vividion Therapeutics, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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5
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Nabi Afjadi M, Yazdanparast R, Barzegari E. The Impact of Terminal Peptide Extensions of Retinal Inosine 5´Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 1 Isoforms on their DNA-binding Activities. Protein J 2024; 43:592-602. [PMID: 38733555 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The main structural difference between the mutation-susceptible retinal isoforms of inosine 5´-monophosphate dehydrogenase-1 (IMPDH-1) with the canonical form resides in the C- and N-terminal peptide extensions with unknown structural/functional impacts. In this report, we aimed to experimentally evaluate the functional impact of these extensions on the specific/non-specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding activities relative to those of the canonical form. Our in silico findings indicated the possible contribution of the C-terminal segment to the reduced flexibility of the Bateman domain of the enzyme. In addition, the in silico data indicated that the N-terminal tail acts by altering the distance between the tetramers in the concave octamer complex (the native form) of the enzyme. The overall impact of these predicted structural variations became evident, first, through higher Km values with respect to either of the substrates relative to the canonical isoform, as reported previously (Andashti et al. in Mol Cell Biochem 465(1):155-164, 2020). Secondary, the binding of the recombinant mouse retinal isoform IMPDH1 (603) to its specific Rhodopsin target gene was significantly augmented while its binding to non-specific ssDNA was lower than that of the canonical isoform. The DNA-binding activity of the other mouse retinal isoform, IMPDH1(546), to specific and non-specific ssDNA was lower than that of the canonical form most probably due to the in silico predicted rigidity created in the Bateman domain by the C-terminal peptide extension. Furthermore, the DNA binding to the Rhodopsin target gene by each of the IMPDH isoforms influenced in the presence of GTP (Guanosine triphosphate) and ATP (Adenosine triphosphate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Barzegari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Liu X, Wang J, Wu LJ, Trinh B, Tsai RYL. IMPDH Inhibition Decreases TERT Expression and Synergizes the Cytotoxic Effect of Chemotherapeutic Agents in Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5992. [PMID: 38892179 PMCID: PMC11172490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibition has emerged as a new target therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which remains one of the most refractory tumors to date. TCGA analyses revealed distinct expression profiles of IMPDH isoenzymes in various subtypes of GBM and low-grade glioma (LGG). To dissect the mechanism(s) underlying the anti-tumor effect of IMPDH inhibition in adult GBM, we investigated how mycophenolic acid (MPA, an IMPDH inhibitor) treatment affected key oncogenic drivers in glioblastoma cells. Our results showed that MPA decreased the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in both U87 and U251 cells, and the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in U251 cells. In support, MPA treatment reduced the amount of telomere repeats in U87 and U251 cells. TERT downregulation by MPA was associated with a significant decrease in c-Myc (a TERT transcription activator) in U87 but not U251 cells, and a dose-dependent increase in p53 and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) (TERT repressors) in both U87 and U251 cells. In U251 cells, MPA displayed strong cytotoxic synergy with BCNU and moderate synergy with irinotecan, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, or temozolomide (TMZ). In U87 cells, MPA displayed strong cytotoxic synergy with all except TMZ, acting primarily through the apoptotic pathway. Our work expands the mechanistic potential of IMPDH inhibition to TERT/telomere regulation and reveals a synthetic lethality between MPA and anti-GBM drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.L.); (J.W.); (L.J.W.); (B.T.)
| | - Junying Wang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.L.); (J.W.); (L.J.W.); (B.T.)
| | - Laura J. Wu
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.L.); (J.W.); (L.J.W.); (B.T.)
| | - Britni Trinh
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.L.); (J.W.); (L.J.W.); (B.T.)
| | - Robert Y. L. Tsai
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (X.L.); (J.W.); (L.J.W.); (B.T.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Lü Z, Dai X, Xu J, Liu Z, Guo Y, Gao Z, Meng F. Medicinal chemistry strategies toward broad-spectrum antiviral agents to prevent next pandemics. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116442. [PMID: 38685143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic and tremendous impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 alert us, despite great achievements in prevention and control of infectious diseases, we still lack universal and powerful antiviral strategies to rapidly respond to the potential threat of serious infectious disease. Various highly contagious and pathogenic viruses, as well as other unknown viruses may appear or reappear in human society at any time, causing a catastrophic epidemic. Developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs with high security and efficiency is of great significance for timely meeting public health emergency and protecting the lives and health of the people. Hence, in this review, we summarized diverse broad-spectrum antiviral targets and corresponding agents from a medicinal chemistry prospective, compared the pharmacological advantages and disadvantages of different targets, listed representative agents, showed their structures, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics characteristics, and conducted a critical discussion on their development potential, in the hope of providing up-to-date guidance for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals and perspectives for applications of antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Lü
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xiandong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Jianjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Fanhua Meng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
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Zhao J, Han X, Li H, Luo Y, Fang Y, Wang Y, Gao J, Zhao Y, Han J, Qian F. Analysis of the Immune Response by Standardized Whole-Blood Stimulation with Metabolism Modulation. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:81-89. [PMID: 38605904 PMCID: PMC11003932 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The immune system defends the body from infection and plays a vital role in a wide range of health conditions. Metabolism affects a series of physiological processes, including those linked to the function of human immune system. Cellular metabolism modulates immune cell activation and cytokine production. Understanding the relationship between metabolism and immune response has important implications for the development of immune-based therapeutics. However, the deployment of large-scale functional assays to investigate the metabolic regulation of immune response has been limited by the lack of standardized procedures. Here, we present a protocol for the analysis of immune response using standardized whole-blood stimulation with metabolism modulation. Diverse immune stimuli including pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands and microbial stimuli were incubated with fresh human whole blood. The metabolic inhibitors were used to modulate metabolic status in the immune cells. The variable immune responses after metabolic interventions were evaluated. We described in detail the main steps involved in the whole-blood stimulation and cytokines quantification, namely, collection and treatment of whole blood, preparation of samples and controls, cytokines detection, and stimulation with metabolic interventions. The metabolic inhibitors for anabolic pathways and catabolic pathways exert selective effects on the production of cytokines from immune cells. In addition to a robust and accurate assessment of immune response in cohort studies, the standardized whole-blood stimulation with metabolic regulation might provide new insights for modulating immunity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00114-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xuling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Helian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yali Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jingxuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Feng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute of Immunophenome, International Human Phenome Institutes (Shanghai), Shanghai, 200433 China
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9
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Hondo E, Katta T, Sato A, Kadofusa N, Ishibashi T, Shimoda H, Katoh H, Iida A. Antiviral effects of micafungin against pteropine orthoreovirus, an emerging zoonotic virus carried by bats. Virus Res 2024; 339:199248. [PMID: 37858730 PMCID: PMC10665676 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Bat-borne emerging zoonotic viruses cause major outbreaks, such as the Ebola virus, Nipah virus, and/or beta coronavirus. Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV), whose spillover event occurred from fruits bats to humans, causes respiratory syndrome in humans widely in South East Asia. Repurposing approved drugs against PRV is an effective tool to confront future PRV pandemics. We screened 2,943 compounds in an FDA-approved drug library and identified eight hit compounds that reduce viral cytopathic effects on cultured Vero cells. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that six of eight hit compounds significantly inhibited PRV replication. Among them, micafungin used clinically as an antifungal drug, displayed a prominent antiviral effect on PRV. Secondly, the antiviral effects of micafungin on PRV infected human cell lines (HEK293T and A549), and their transcriptome changes by PRV infection were investigated, compared to four different bat-derived cell lines (FBKT1 (Ryukyu flying fox), DEMKT1 (Leschenault's rousette), BKT1 (Greater horseshoe bat), YUBFKT1 (Eastern bent-wing bats)). In two human cell lines, unlike bat cells that induce an IFN-γ response pathway, an endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway was commonly activated. Additionally, micafungin inhibits viral release rather than suppressing PRV genome replication in human cells, although it was disturbed in Vero cells. The target of micafungin's action may vary depending on the animal species, but it must be useful for human purposes as a first choice of medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Tetsufumi Katta
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoya Kadofusa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Physical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Katoh
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Atsuo Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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10
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Mane RR, Kale PP. The roles of HDAC with IMPDH and mTOR with JAK as future targets in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with combination therapy. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:689-706. [PMID: 36409592 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have shown that cytokines are important regulators in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In synovial inflammation alteration of the enzyme HDAC, IMPDH enzyme, mTOR pathway, and JAK pathway increase cytokine level. These increased cytokine levels are responsible for the inflammation in RA. Inflammation is a physiological and normal reaction of the immune system against dangerous stimuli such as injury and infection. The cytokine-based approach improves the treatment of RA. To reach this goal, various researchers and scientists are working more aggressively by using a combination approach. The present review of combination therapy provides essential evidence about the possible synergistic effect of combinatorial agents. We have focused on the effects of HDAC inhibitor with IMPDH inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor with JAK inhibitor in combination for the treatment of RA. Combining various targeted strategies can be helpful for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Rajendra Mane
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Popatrao Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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11
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He X, Cui J, Ma H, Abuduaini N, Huang Y, Tang L, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lu W, Feng B, Huang J. Berberrubine is a novel and selective IMPDH2 inhibitor that impairs the growth of colorectal cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115868. [PMID: 37871880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the de novo synthesis pathway of guanine nucleotides that is highly required for cancer cell outgrowth. Herein, we found that IMPDH isoform 2 (IMPDH2) is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is correlated with poor patient prognosis. Via structure-based virtual screening, we identified berberrubine, a critical ingredient of the medical plant Coptis chinensis, as a novel, selective, and competitive inhibitor of IMPDH2, which demonstrated over 15-fold selectivity to IMPDH2 than IMPDH1. Besides, we also confirmed the interaction between berberrubine and IMPDH2. Of note, berberrubine treatment significantly impairs the growth of human CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner, which can be rescued by supplementing with guanosine. Furthermore, oral administration of berberrubine remarkably reduced tumor volume and weight in a human cell line-derived xenograft model. Importantly, the anti-cancer activity of berberrubine was also confirmed by using the azoxymethane (AOM) / dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced spontaneous CRC mouse model. Taken together, our study highlights that berberrubine acts as a novel IMPDH2 inhibitor, suppressing the growth of CRC in vitro and in vivo, providing a fresh perspective for its potential application in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli He
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Cui
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Naijipu Abuduaini
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Drug Inspection Technology, Guangdong Institute For Drug Control, 766 Shenzhou Road, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanyan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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12
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O'Neill AG, Burrell AL, Zech M, Elpeleg O, Harel T, Edvardson S, Mor-Shaked H, Rippert AL, Nomakuchi T, Izumi K, Kollman JM. Neurodevelopmental disorder mutations in the purine biosynthetic enzyme IMPDH2 disrupt its allosteric regulation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105012. [PMID: 37414152 PMCID: PMC10407431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inosine 5' monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a critical regulatory enzyme in purine nucleotide biosynthesis that is inhibited by the downstream product GTP. Multiple point mutations in the human isoform IMPDH2 have recently been associated with dystonia and other neurodevelopmental disorders, but the effect of the mutations on enzyme function has not been described. Here, we report the identification of two additional missense variants in IMPDH2 from affected individuals and show that all of the disease-associated mutations disrupt GTP regulation. Cryo-EM structures of one IMPDH2 mutant suggest this regulatory defect arises from a shift in the conformational equilibrium toward a more active state. This structural and functional analysis provides insight into IMPDH2-associated disease mechanisms that point to potential therapeutic approaches and raises new questions about fundamental aspects of IMPDH regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey G O'Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anika L Burrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Alyn Hospital, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagar Mor-Shaked
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alyssa L Rippert
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomoki Nomakuchi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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13
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Akram T, Gul I, Parveez Zia M, Hassan A, Khatun A, Shah RA, Ahmad SM, Ganai NA, Chikan NA, Kim WI, Shabir N. Ribavirin inhibits the replication of infectious bursal disease virus predominantly through depletion of cellular guanosine pool. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1192583. [PMID: 37601760 PMCID: PMC10433155 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1192583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The antiviral activity of different mutagens against single-stranded RNA viruses is well documented; however, their activity on the replication of double-stranded RNA viruses remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effect of different antivirals on the replication of a chicken embryo fibroblast-adapted Infectious Bursal Disease virus, FVSKG2. This study further explores the antiviral mechanism utilized by the most effective anti-IBDV agent. Methods The cytotoxicity and anti-FVSKG2 activity of different antiviral agents (ribavirin, 5-fluorouracil, 5-azacytidine, and amiloride) were evaluated. The virus was serially passaged in chicken embryo fibroblasts 11 times at sub-cytotoxic concentrations of ribavirin, 5-fluorouracil or amiloride. Further, the possible mutagenic and non-mutagenic mechanisms utilized by the most effective anti-FVSKG2 agent were explored. Results and Discussion Ribavirin was the least cytotoxic on chicken embryo fibroblasts, followed by 5-fluorouracil, amiloride and 5-azacytidine. Ribavirin inhibited the replication of FVSKG2 in chicken embryo fibroblasts significantly at concentrations as low as 0.05 mM. The extinction of FVSKG2 was achieved during serial passage of the virus in chicken embryo fibroblasts at ≥0.05 mM ribavirin; however, the emergence of a mutagen-resistant virus was not observed until the eleventh passage. Further, no mutation was observed in 1,898 nucleotides of the FVSKG2 following its five passages in chicken embryo fibroblasts in the presence of 0.025 mM ribavirin. Ribavarin inhibited the FVSKG2 replication in chicken embryo fibroblasts primarily through IMPDH-mediated depletion of the Guanosine Triphosphate pool of cells. However, other mechanisms like ribavirin-mediated cytokine induction or possible inhibition of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase through its interaction with the enzyme's active sites enhance the anti-IBDV effect. Ribavirin inhibits ds- RNA viruses, likely through IMPDH inhibition and not mutagenesis. The inhibitory effect may, however, be augmented by other non-mutagenic mechanisms, like induction of antiviral cytokines in chicken embryo fibroblasts or interaction of ribavirin with the active sites of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Towseef Akram
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Irfan Gul
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mahrukh Parveez Zia
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Amreena Hassan
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Amina Khatun
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Nazir Ahmad Ganai
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Naveed Anjum Chikan
- Division of Computational Biology, Daskdan Innovations Pvt. Ltd., Srinagar, India
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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14
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Zhao H, Brånalt J, Perry M, Tyrchan C. The Role of Allylic Strain for Conformational Control in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37285219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is axiomatic in medicinal chemistry that optimization of the potency of a small molecule at a macromolecular target requires complementarity between the ligand and target. In order to minimize the conformational penalty on binding, both enthalpically and entropically, it is therefore preferred to have the ligand preorganized in the bound conformation. In this Perspective, we highlight the role of allylic strain in controlling conformational preferences. Allylic strain was originally described for carbon-based allylic systems, but the same principles apply to other types of structure with sp2 or pseudo-sp2 arrangements. These systems include benzylic (including heteroaryl methyl) positions, amides, N-aryl groups, aryl ethers, and nucleotides. We have derived torsion profiles from small molecule X-ray structures for these systems. Through multiple examples, we show how these effects have been applied in drug discovery and how they can be used prospectively to influence conformation in the design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhao
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Jonas Brånalt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Matthew Perry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Christian Tyrchan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
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15
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Abirami M, Karan Kumar B, Dey S, Johri S, Reguera RM, Balaña-Fouce R, Gowri Chandra Sekhar KV, Sankaranarayanan M. Molecular-level strategic goals and repressors in Leishmaniasis - Integrated data to accelerate target-based heterocyclic scaffolds. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115471. [PMID: 37257213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex of neglected tropical diseases caused by various species of leishmanial parasites that primarily affect the world's poorest people. A limited number of standard medications are available for this disease that has been used for several decades, these drugs have many drawbacks such as resistance, higher cost, and patient compliance, making it difficult to reach the poor. The search for novel chemical entities to treat leishmaniasis has led to target-based scaffold research. Among several identified potential molecular targets, enzymes involved in the purine salvage pathway include polyamine biosynthetic process, such as arginase, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, spermidine synthase, trypanothione reductase as well as enzymes in the DNA cell cycle, such as DNA topoisomerases I and II plays vital role in the life cycle survival of leishmanial parasite. This review mainly focuses on various heterocyclic scaffolds, and their specific inhibitory targets against leishmaniasis, particularly those from the polyamine biosynthesis pathway and DNA topoisomerases with estimated activity studies of various heterocyclic analogs in terms of their IC50 or EC50 value, reported molecular docking analysis from available published literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abirami
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India; Department of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Sanchita Dey
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Samridhi Johri
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Rosa M Reguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | | | - Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India.
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16
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O'Neill AG, Burrell AL, Zech M, Elpeleg O, Harel T, Edvardson S, Shaked HM, Rippert AL, Nomakuchi T, Izumi K, Kollman JM. Point mutations in IMPDH2 which cause early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders disrupt enzyme regulation and filament structure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532669. [PMID: 36993700 PMCID: PMC10055058 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Inosine 5' monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a critical regulatory enzyme in purine nucleotide biosynthesis that is inhibited by the downstream product GTP. Multiple point mutations in the human isoform IMPDH2 have recently been associated with dystonia and other neurodevelopmental disorders, but the effect of the mutations on enzyme function has not been described. Here, we report identification of two additional affected individuals with missense variants in IMPDH2 and show that all of the disease-associated mutations disrupt GTP regulation. Cryo-EM structures of one IMPDH2 mutant suggest this regulatory defect arises from a shift in the conformational equilibrium toward a more active state. This structural and functional analysis provides insight into IMPDH2-associated disease mechanisms that point to potential therapeutic approaches and raises new questions about fundamental aspects of IMPDH regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey G O'Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anika L Burrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Alyn Hospital, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagar Mor Shaked
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alyssa L Rippert
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tomoki Nomakuchi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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17
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Yamasaki K, Teshima H, Yukizawa R, Kuyama K, Tsukigawa K, Nishi K, Otagiri M, Kawai A. Structural Basis of the Change in the Interaction Between Mycophenolic Acid and Subdomain IIA of Human Serum Albumin During Renal Failure. J Med Chem 2023; 66:951-961. [PMID: 36538495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MP) is an active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, a widely used immunosuppressive drug. MP normally exhibits high plasma protein binding (97-99%), but its binding rate is decreased in patients with renal insufficiency. This decreased protein binding is thought to be associated with leukopenia, a side effect of MP. In this study, we characterized the change in protein binding of MP in renal failure patients. Our findings indicate that MP binds strongly to subdomain IIA of human serum albumin. X-ray crystallographic data indicated that the isobenzofuran group of MP forms a stacking interaction with Trp214, and the carboxyl group of MP is located at a position that allows the formation of hydrogen bonds with Tyr150, His242, or Arg257. Due to the specific binding of MP to subdomain IIA, MP is thought to be displaced by uremic toxin (3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furan-propionic acid) and fatty acids (oleate or myristate) that can bind to subdomain IIA, resulting in the decreased plasma protein binding of MP in renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
| | - Honoka Teshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
| | - Reina Yukizawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
| | - Koki Kuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukigawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
| | - Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto860-0082, Japan
| | - Akito Kawai
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi470-1192, Japan
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18
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Ekaterina Z, Daria S, Lyubov G, Ekaterina M, Varvara M, Diana G, Andrey M, Ekaterina L. Synthetic 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3478-3487. [PMID: 38083885 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128275084231202153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies demonstrate the efficacy of ribavirin against various cancer types in in vitro and in vivo models. However, ribavirin induces the development of multiple side effects, suggesting a high demand for ribavirin analogues with improved therapeutic indexes. OBJECTIVE This study was focused on the analysis of ribavirin, its aglycon 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, and several of its derivatives activities in blood cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Four 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. Antiproliferative effects were evaluated in chronic myeloid leukemia cells К562 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells CCRF-SB as well as in the cells of whole blood mononuclear fraction of healthy volunteers by cell counting using the trypan blue exclusion method. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis under the influence of the compounds were analyzed by flow cytometry with PI staining, and then apoptosis data were confirmed by Western blot analysis for PARP1 and caspase-3 cleavage. RESULTS We demonstrated the significant antiproliferative effect of 5-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3- carboxamide and 1-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxamide in leukemia cell lines in vitro in comparison to non-transformed monocytes, providing the rationale for further studies of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as anti-leukemia drugs. CONCLUSION These results implied that the 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives exhibited their antiproliferative activities by induction of cell cycle arrest. Consequently, 5-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide and 1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxamide may present antimetabolites with potential anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidkova Ekaterina
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Stepanycheva Daria
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Grebenkina Lyubov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Mikhina Ekaterina
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Maksimova Varvara
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Grigoreva Diana
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Matveev Andrey
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Lesovaya Ekaterina
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
- Faculty of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 9 Vysokovol'tnaya St., Ryazan 390026, Russia
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
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19
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Rojas-Rivera JE, García-Carro C, Ávila AI, Espino M, Espinosa M, Fernández-Juárez G, Fulladosa X, Goicoechea M, Macía M, Morales E, Porras LFQ, Praga M. Consensus document of the Spanish Group for the Study of the Glomerular Diseases (GLOSEN) for the diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis. Nefrologia 2023; 43:6-47. [PMID: 37211521 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (between 20% and 60% according to different reported series) develop lupus nephritis in the course of its evolution, which directly influences their quality of life and vital prognosis. In recent years, the greater knowledge about the pathogenesis of systemic lupus and lupus nephritis has allowed relevant advances in the diagnostic approach and treatment of these patients, achieving the development of drugs specifically aimed at blocking key pathogenic pathways of the disease. Encouragingly, these immunomodulatory agents have shown in well-powered, randomized clinical trials good clinical efficacy in the medium-term, defined as proteinuria remission and preservation of kidney function, with an acceptable safety profile and good patient tolerability. All this has made it possible to reduce the use of corticosteroids and other potentially more toxic therapies, as well as to increase the use of combined therapies. The present consensus document carried out by the Glomerular Diseases Working Group of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (GLOSEN), collects in a practical and summarized, but rigorous way, the best currently available evidence about the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of lupus nephritis patients, including cases of special situations, with the main objective of providing updated information and well-founded clinical recommendations to treating physicians, to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Rojas-Rivera
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Servicio de Nefrología e Hipertensión, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Servicio de Nefrología, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Clara García-Carro
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Servicio de Nefrología. Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana I Ávila
- Hospital Dr. Peset, Servicio de Nefrología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Espino
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Servicio de Nefrología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Espinosa
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Servicio de Nefrología, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Fulladosa
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Servicio de Nefrología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marian Goicoechea
- Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Servicio de Nefrología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macía
- Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Servicio de Nefrología, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Enrique Morales
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Servicio de Nefrología, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Servicio de Nefrología, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Servicio de Nefrología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis F Quintana Porras
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Servicio de Nefrología, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Servicio de Nefrología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Praga
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Servicio de Nefrología, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Servicio de Nefrología, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Sura MB, Peng YL, Cai D, Cheng YX. COX-2 and iNOS inhibitory epimeric meroterpenoids from Ganoderma cochlear and structure revision of cochlearol Q. Fitoterapia 2023; 164:105390. [PMID: 36513292 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Four novel epimeric meroterpenoids, ganadone A (1), 3',10'-di-epi-ganadone A (2), 10'-epi-ganadone A (3), and 3'-epi-ganadone A (4) as well as another pairs of epimers, ganadone B (5) and 10'-epi-ganadone B (6), with a same basic skeleton compound ganadone C (7), together with two lactonized meroterpenoids, ganadones D and E (8 and 9) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma cochlear. Compounds 1-7 were constructed with fascinating adjacent 6',7'-bifuran ring system. Fortunately, we have revised our previously reported structure cochlearol Q, which was proposed pyrano[6',7'-b]pyran ring system into 6',7'-bifuran motif. All the isolates were characterized by analysis of HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy and 1 was supported by X-ray crystallography analysis. The absolute stereochemistry of 1-9 were assigned by quantum chemical calculations. Biological evaluation of 1-9 showed that 5, 6, and 9 have significant anti-inflammatory potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Babu Sura
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Peng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Dan Cai
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, PR China.
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21
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Sohbati H, Amini M, Balalaie S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Anti-leukemia Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras in Degradating Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e129251. [PMID: 36942064 PMCID: PMC10024327 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-129251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) is a bifunctional molecule comprising a ligand to recognize the targeted protein to be degraded. Objectives To use the advantages of the PROTAC technique, we have synthesized novel compounds to degrade inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) by the proteasome system. Methods We describe the synthesis of new PROTACs based on a combination of mycophenolic acid (MPA) as the potent IMPDH inhibitor and pomalidomide as a ligand of E3 ubiquitin ligase via linkers formed from Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction. Results All synthesized compounds were investigated against Jurkat cells as acute T-cell leukemia and were potent apoptosis inducers at 50 nM. Conclusion The effect of compound 2 in 0.05 μM on IMPDH degradation can be almost prevented by competition with bortezomib as the proteasome inhibitor at 0.1 and 0.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Sohbati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875–4416, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Walczak JM, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Ziomkowska M, Śliwka-Kaszyńska M, Daśko M, Trzonkowski P, Cholewiński G. Novel amides of mycophenolic acid and some heterocyclic derivatives as immunosuppressive agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2725-2741. [PMID: 36189734 PMCID: PMC9542285 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2127701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of 18 new amide derivatives of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and selected heterocyclic amines was synthesised as potential immunosuppressive agents functioning as inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) uncompetitive inhibitors. The synthesis of 14 of them employed uronium-type activating system (TBTU/HOBt/DIPEA) while 4 of them concerned phosphonic acid anhydride method (T3P/Py) facilitating amides to be obtained in moderate to excellent yields without the need of phenolic group protection. Most of optimised protocols did not require complicated reaction work-ups, including chromatographic, solvent-consuming methods. The biological activity assay was performed on the T-Jurkat cell line and peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) which are both dedicated for antiproliferative activity determination. Each of designed derivatives was characterised by reduced cytotoxicity and benzoxazole analogue (A2) revealed the most promising activity. Subsequently, an observed structure-activity relationship was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cholewiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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23
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Liquid chromatographic methods in the determination of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity: a review. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:1453-1470. [PMID: 36705020 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a crucial enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. IMPDH activity is used to evaluate the pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressant drugs such as mycophenolic acid and thiopurines. These drugs are often used to prevent organ transplant rejection and as steroid-sparing agents in autoinflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Numerous analytical techniques have been employed to evaluate IMPDH activity in biological matrices. However, hyphenated LC techniques were most widely used in the literature. This review focuses on hyphenated LC methods used to measure IMPDH activity and provides detailed insight into the sample preparation techniques, chromatographic conditions, enzymatic assay conditions, detectors and normalization factors employed in those methods.
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24
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Yazdani M, Zamani J, Fatemi SSA. Identification of a potent dual-function inhibitor for hIMPDH isoforms by computer-aided drug discovery approaches. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977568. [PMID: 36386211 PMCID: PMC9643795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a key enzyme in de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. Due to this important role, it is a great target to drug discovery for a wide range of activities, especially immunosuppressant in heart and kidney transplantation. Both human IMPDH isoforms are expressed in stimulated lymphocytes. In addition to the side effects of existing drugs, previous studies have mainly focused on the type II isoform. In this study, virtual screening and computer-aided approaches were employed to identify potential drugs with simultaneous inhibitory effects on both human IMPDH isoforms. After Re-docking, Double-step docking, and identification of virtual hits based on the PLANTS scoring function, drug-likeness and ADME-Tox assessments of the topmost ligands were performed. Following further evaluation, the best ligand was selected and, in complex with both isoforms, simulated in monomeric and tetrameric forms using molecular dynamics to evaluate its stability and binding pattern. The results showed a potential drug candidate [(S)-N-(3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propyl)-2-(3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl) acetamide] with a high inhibitory effect on the two human IMPDH isoforms. This drug-like inhibitor could potentially serve as an immunosuppressant to prevent transplant rejection response by inhibiting B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, its effect can be evaluated in various therapeutic targets in which IMPDH is known as a therapeutic target, especially in Covid-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Yazdani
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zamani
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Safa-Ali Fatemi
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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25
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Documento de consenso del Grupo de Estudio de Enfermedades Glomerulares de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología (GLOSEN) para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la nefritis lúpica. Nefrologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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26
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Jiang M, Guo H, Wu Q, Yuan S, Liu L. Two New Picoline-Derived Meroterpenoids with Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity from Ascidian-Derived Fungus Amphichorda felina. Molecules 2022; 27:5076. [PMID: 36014315 PMCID: PMC9416303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphichoterpenoids D (1) and E (2), two new picoline-derived meroterpenoids with a rare 6/6/6 tricyclic pyrano[3,2-c]pyridinyl-γ-pyranone scaffold, were isolated from the ascidian-derived fungus Amphichorda felina SYSU-MS7908. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were established by extensive spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry) and ECD calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 showed anti-acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE) activities with IC50 values of 12.5 μM and 11.6 μM, respectively. The binding interactions between 1, 2, and AChE were investigated using molecular docking analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Heng Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Qilin Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Siwen Yuan
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
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27
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Burroughs DL, Lorch G, Guo Y, Hill K, Schroeder EL, Cole LK, Phelps MA. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetics of three intravenous mycophenolate mofetil concentrations in healthy Standardbred mares. Vet Dermatol 2022; 34:222-234. [PMID: 35929548 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the prodrug of mycophenolic acid (MPA) which acts as an immunosuppressive agent. During the biotransformation of MMF to MPA, additional metabolites including MPA phenol glucuronide (MPAG), MPA acyl glucuronide (AcMPAG) and MPA phenol glucoside (MPG) are formed. OBJECTIVE To define the noncompartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of three single doses of intravenous (i.v.) MMF and its downstream metabolites in healthy horses. ANIMALS Six healthy Standardbred mares. MATERIALS AND METHODS Generic MMF (Par Pharmaceuticals; Chestnut Ridge, NY, USA) was reconstituted and administered as a single i.v. bolus at 1.0 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg with an eight day washout between treatments. Blood samples were collected immediately before MMF administration and over 24 h. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay was developed following FDA guidance to determine plasma MMF, MPA, MPAG, AcMPAG and MPG concentrations. Plasma concentrations were analysed independently, followed by calculation of geometric mean and coefficient of variation. RESULTS Noncompartmental PK parameters were determined for MMF and all metabolites at all doses. MMF was rapidly converted to MPA in all horses. Each incremental dose of MMF resulted in increases in Cmax and AUCinf _obs for MPA and the three additional metabolites. Within the 10-fold dose range, the increase in Cmax and AUCinf _obs for MMF and its metabolites was nonlinear. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Horses biotransform MMF into MPA, MPAG, AcMPAG and MPG via the glucuronidation and glucosidation clearance pathways. Equine reference PK profiles for MPA and the metabolites, MPAG, AcMPAG and MPG were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan L Burroughs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gwendolen Lorch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yizhen Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kasey Hill
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric L Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lynette K Cole
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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28
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Review of Medicinal Plants and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients against Aquatic Pathogenic Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061281. [PMID: 35746752 PMCID: PMC9230652 DOI: 10.3390/v14061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture offers a promising source of economic and healthy protein for human consumption, which can improve wellbeing. Viral diseases are the most serious type of diseases affecting aquatic animals and a major obstacle to the development of the aquaculture industry. In the background of antibiotic-free farming, the development and application of antibiotic alternatives has become one of the most important issues in aquaculture. In recent years, many medicinal plants and their active pharmaceutical ingredients have been found to be effective in the treatment and prevention of viral diseases in aquatic animals. Compared with chemical drugs and antibiotics, medicinal plants have fewer side-effects, produce little drug resistance, and exhibit low toxicity to the water environment. Most medicinal plants can effectively improve the growth performance of aquatic animals; thus, they are becoming increasingly valued and widely used in aquaculture. The present review summarizes the promising antiviral activities of medicinal plants and their active pharmaceutical ingredients against aquatic viruses. Furthermore, it also explains their possible mechanisms of action and possible implications in the prevention or treatment of viral diseases in aquaculture. This article could lay the foundation for the future development of harmless drugs for the prevention and control of viral disease outbreaks in aquaculture.
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29
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Kleine J, Hohmann U, Hohmann T, Ghadban C, Schmidt M, Laabs S, Alessandri B, Dehghani F. Microglia-Dependent and Independent Brain Cytoprotective Effects of Mycophenolate Mofetil During Neuronal Damage. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:863598. [PMID: 35572146 PMCID: PMC9100558 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.863598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lesions of the central nervous system often lead to permanent limiting deficits. In addition to the initial primary damage, accompanying neuroinflammation is responsible for progression of damage. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as a selective inhibitor of inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) was shown to modulate the inflammatory response and promote neuronal survival when applied in specific time windows after neuronal injury. The application of brain cytoprotective therapeutics early after neuronal damage is a fundamental requirement for a successful immunomodulation approach. This study was designed to evaluate whether MMF can still mediate brain cytoprotection when applied in predefined short time intervals following CNS injury. Furthermore, the role of microglia and changes in IMPDH2 protein expression were assessed. Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC) were used as an in vitro model and excitotoxically lesioned with N-methyl-aspartate (NMDA). Clodronate (Clo) was used to deplete microglia and analyze MMF mediated microglia independent effects. The temporal expression of IMPDH2 was studied in primary glial cell cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In excitotoxically lesioned OHSC a significant brain cytoprotective effect was observed between 8 and 36 h but not within 8 and 24 h after the NMDA damage. MMF mediated effects were mainly microglia dependent at 24, 36, 48 h after injury. However, further targets like astrocytes seem to be involved in protective effects 72 h post-injury. IMPDH2 expression was detected in primary microglia and astrocyte cell cultures. Our data indicate that MMF treatment in OHSC should still be started no later than 8–12 h after injury and should continue at least until 36 h post-injury. Microglia seem to be an essential mediator of the observed brain cytoprotective effects. However, a microglia-independent effect was also found, indicating involvement of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kleine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Urszula Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tim Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chalid Ghadban
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Miriam Schmidt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sebastian Laabs
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Beat Alessandri
- Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- *Correspondence: Faramarz Dehghani,
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30
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Targeting nucleotide metabolism: a promising approach to enhance cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:45. [PMID: 35477416 PMCID: PMC9044757 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting nucleotide metabolism can not only inhibit tumor initiation and progression but also exert serious side effects. With in-depth studies of nucleotide metabolism, our understanding of nucleotide metabolism in tumors has revealed their non-proliferative effects on immune escape, indicating the potential effectiveness of nucleotide antimetabolites for enhancing immunotherapy. A growing body of evidence now supports the concept that targeting nucleotide metabolism can increase the antitumor immune response by (1) activating host immune systems via maintaining the concentrations of several important metabolites, such as adenosine and ATP, (2) promoting immunogenicity caused by increased mutability and genomic instability by disrupting the purine and pyrimidine pool, and (3) releasing nucleoside analogs via microbes to regulate immunity. Therapeutic approaches targeting nucleotide metabolism combined with immunotherapy have achieved exciting success in preclinical animal models. Here, we review how dysregulated nucleotide metabolism can promote tumor growth and interact with the host immune system, and we provide future insights into targeting nucleotide metabolism for immunotherapeutic treatment of various malignancies.
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31
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Jia X, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Kang H, Ma Z, Chen K. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase type1 sustains tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24416. [PMID: 35403278 PMCID: PMC9102537 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 are the two isoforms of IMPDH and they share 84% amino acid similarity and virtually indistinguishable catalytic activity. Although high expression of IMPDH2 has been reported in various cancers, the roles of IMPDH1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are largely unknown. Methods The expression and the clinical relevance of IMPDH1 in 154 HCC patients were detected by immunohistochemistry analysis. The stable IMPDH1 knockdown HuH7 cells were established by lentiviral RNAi approach. The single cell proliferation was detected by colony‐forming unit assay. The tumor initiation and growth ability were measured by using xenograft tumor model in immunodeficient mice. The effect of IMPDH1 on cellular signaling pathways was analyzed by genome‐wide transcriptomic profiling. Results The expression of IMPDH1 is upregulated in tumor tissue compared with adjacent liver tissue, and higher expression of IMPDH1 is associated with better patient cumulative survival. In experimental models, loss of IMPDH1 in HCC cells inhibits the ability of single cell colony formation in vitro, and reduces the efficiency of tumor initiation and growth in immunodeficient mice. Consistently, loss of IMPDH1 results in distinct alterations of signaling pathways revealed by genome‐wide transcriptomic profiling. Conclusion IMPDH1 sustains HCC growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Oncology Baoji Hi‐Tech Hospital Baoji China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell Biomedical Research Center Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Hui Kang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell Biomedical Research Center Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China
| | - Kan Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
- Shaoxing Biomedical Research Institute Co. LTD Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Shaoxing China
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32
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Hod T, Ben-David A, Olmer L, Scott N, Ghinea R, Mor E, Levy I, Indenbaum V, Lustig Y, Grossman E, Rahav G. BNT162b2 Third Booster Dose Significantly Increases the Humoral Response Assessed by Both RBD IgG and Neutralizing Antibodies in Renal Transplant Recipients. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10239. [PMID: 35387393 PMCID: PMC8977405 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: An impaired humoral response to full dose of BNT162b2 vaccine was observed in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Methods: To reveal predictors for humoral response to third vaccine, patients were stratified to positive (N = 85) and negative (N = 14) response groups based on receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG ≥1.1 and neutralizing antibodies (NA) ≥ 16 dilution versus RBD IgG <1.1 or NA < 16, respectively. NA were detected using a SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virus. Results: Response rate increased from 32.3% (32/99) before the third dose to 85.9% (85/99) post-third vaccine with a significant rise in geometric mean titers (GMTs) for RBD IgG and NA [0.79 (95% CI 0.65–0.96) vs. 3.08 (95% CI 2.76–3.45), p < 0.001 and 17.46 (95% CI 12.38–24.62) vs. 362.2 (95% CI 220.7–594.6), p < 0.001 respective. 80.6% (54/67) seroconverted and 96.9% (31/32) remained positive following the vaccine with a significant increase in GMTs for RBD IgG and NA. Age, ESRD secondary to diabetic nephropathy (DN) and renal allograft function were independent predictors for antibody response in RTR. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) use and dose had no impact on humoral response following the third booster. AEs were recorded for 70.1% of RTR population. Systemic AEs were more common in recipients with a positive humoral response as opposed to non-responders (45.2% versus 15.4% respectively, p = 0.04). Conclusion: 85.9% of RTR develop NA to BNT162b2 third vaccine, found effective in both negative and positive responders prior to the vaccine. Antigenic re-exposure overcame the suppressive effect of MPA on antibody response in RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Hod
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Aharon Ben-David
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Liraz Olmer
- Bio-statistical and Bio-mathematical Unit, The Gertner Institute of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Noa Scott
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Ghinea
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Mor
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzchak Levy
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ehud Grossman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Internal Medicine Wing, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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33
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Dilip H, Purushothaman G, Sharma G, Menon A, Thiruvenkatam V, Kirubakaran S. Mutants of Helicobacter pylori IMPDH: Kinetics and in silico Studies to Determine the Structural and Functional Role of Key Amino Acids. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200125. [PMID: 35293683 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies to fight against its infection. Recently, the enzyme inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) has emerged as a promising target to treat bacterial infections due to its crucial role in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. The differences between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic IMPDHs, in the NAD + binding domain and flap region, allow the identification of pathogen-specific inhibitors. In the present study, seven point mutants of wild type Helicobacter pylori IMPDH are constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, and characterized using in silico and kinetic studies. Point mutations in the NAD + binding domain and the flap region are shown to impart significant changes in the enzyme's structure and function. In addition, the product inhibition characteristics of the Arg396-Tyr397 dyad (RY dyad) show that both the residues are important for water activation in the reaction. The results obtained are beneficial for the design and development of small molecule inhibitors, capable of species-specific inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Dilip
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Chemistry, INDIA
| | | | - Gaurav Sharma
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Aishwarya Menon
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Bioengineering, INDIA
| | | | - Sivapriya Kirubakaran
- Indian Institute of Technology, Chemistry & Bioengineering, Academic Block 4, 401b, Palaj Campus, 382355, Gandhinagar, INDIA
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Zhang K, Zhang G, Hou X, Ma C, Liu J, Che Q, Zhu T, Li D. A Fungal Promiscuous UbiA Prenyltransferase Expands the Structural Diversity of Chrodrimanin-Type Meroterpenoids. Org Lett 2022; 24:2025-2029. [PMID: 35261248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prenyltransferases play important roles in the diversification of natural products and the improvement of biological activities. A UbiA-type prenyltransferase CdnC with substrate promiscuity was identified as the pivotal builder of the noncanonical chrodrimanin skeletons, which carry a benzo-cyclohexanone structure as the nonterpene part. In vitro and heterologous expression studies with CdnC led to the production of a series of novel chrodrimanin-like structures. The discovery of CdnC offers a referable strategy for the biosynthesis and structural diversification of farnesyl-derived meroterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijin Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xuewen Hou
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chuanteng Ma
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qian Che
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dehai Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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35
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IMPDH dysregulation in disease: a mini review. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:71-82. [PMID: 35191957 PMCID: PMC9022972 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a highly conserved enzyme in purine metabolism that is tightly regulated on multiple levels. IMPDH has a critical role in purine biosynthesis, where it regulates flux at the branch point between adenine and guanine nucleotide synthesis, but it also has a role in transcription regulation and other moonlighting functions have been described. Vertebrates have two isoforms, IMPDH1 and IMPDH2, and point mutations in each are linked to human disease. Mutations in IMPDH2 in humans are associated with neurodevelopmental disease, but the effects of mutations at the enzyme level have not yet been characterized. Mutations in IMPDH1 lead to retinal degeneration in humans, and recent studies have characterized how they cause functional defects in regulation. IMPDH1 is expressed as two unique splice variants in the retina, a tissue with very high and specific demands for purine nucleotides. Recent studies have revealed functional differences among splice variants, demonstrating that retinal variants up-regulate guanine nucleotide synthesis by reducing sensitivity to feedback inhibition by downstream products. A better understanding of the role of IMPDH1 in the retina and the characterization of an animal disease model will be critical for determining the molecular mechanism of IMPDH1-associated blindness.
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36
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Karsten S, Fiskesund R, Zhang XM, Marttila P, Sanjiv K, Pham T, Rasti A, Bräutigam L, Almlöf I, Marcusson-Ståhl M, Sandman C, Platzack B, Harris RA, Kalderén C, Cederbrant K, Helleday T, Warpman Berglund U. MTH1 as a target to alleviate T cell driven diseases by selective suppression of activated T cells. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:246-261. [PMID: 34453118 PMCID: PMC8738733 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell-driven diseases account for considerable morbidity and disability globally and there is an urgent need for new targeted therapies. Both cancer cells and activated T cells have an altered redox balance, and up-regulate the DNA repair protein MTH1 that sanitizes the oxidized nucleotide pool to avoid DNA damage and cell death. Herein we suggest that the up-regulation of MTH1 in activated T cells correlates with their redox status, but occurs before the ROS levels increase, challenging the established conception of MTH1 increasing as a direct response to an increased ROS status. We also propose a heterogeneity in MTH1 levels among activated T cells, where a smaller subset of activated T cells does not up-regulate MTH1 despite activation and proliferation. The study suggests that the vast majority of activated T cells have high MTH1 levels and are sensitive to the MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 (Karonudib) via induction of DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. TH1579 further drives the surviving cells to the MTH1low phenotype with altered redox status. TH1579 does not affect resting T cells, as opposed to the established immunosuppressor Azathioprine, and no sensitivity among other major immune cell types regarding their function can be observed. Finally, we demonstrate a therapeutic effect in a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In conclusion, we show proof of concept of the existence of MTH1high and MTH1low activated T cells, and that MTH1 inhibition by TH1579 selectively suppresses pro-inflammatory activated T cells. Thus, MTH1 inhibition by TH1579 may serve as a novel treatment option against autoreactive T cells in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Karsten
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Fiskesund
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Marttila
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Pham
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maritha Marcusson-Ståhl
- grid.450998.90000000106922258RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Unit for Chemical and Pharmaceutical safety, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Carolina Sandman
- grid.450998.90000000106922258RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Unit for Chemical and Pharmaceutical safety, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Björn Platzack
- grid.450998.90000000106922258RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Unit for Chemical and Pharmaceutical safety, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Robert A. Harris
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Kalderén
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Cederbrant
- grid.450998.90000000106922258RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Unit for Chemical and Pharmaceutical safety, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,Oxcia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li TW, Kenney AD, Park JG, Fiches GN, Liu H, Zhou D, Biswas A, Zhao W, Que J, Santoso N, Martinez-Sobrido L, Yount JS, Zhu J. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein associates with IMPDH2 and activates NF-κB signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007089. [PMID: 36177032 PMCID: PMC9513374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to NF-κB activation and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the underlying mechanism for this activation is not fully understood. Our results reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein contributes to the viral activation of NF-κB signaling. Nsp14 caused the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Nsp14 induced the upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8, which also occurred in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. IL-8 upregulation was further confirmed in lung tissue samples from COVID-19 patients. A previous proteomic screen identified the putative interaction of Nsp14 with host Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), which is known to regulate NF-κB signaling. We confirmed the Nsp14-IMPDH2 protein interaction and identified that IMPDH2 knockdown or chemical inhibition using ribavirin (RIB) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) abolishes Nsp14- mediated NF-κB activation and cytokine induction. Furthermore, IMPDH2 inhibitors (RIB, MPA) or NF-κB inhibitors (bortezomib, BAY 11-7082) restricted SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating that IMPDH2-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling is beneficial to viral replication. Overall, our results identify a novel role of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 in inducing NF-κB activation through IMPDH2 to promote viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Adam D. Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Guillaume N. Fiches
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Helu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dawei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ayan Biswas
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Netty Santoso
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Jacob S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jian Zhu,
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Hod T, Ben-David A, Olmer L, Levy I, Ghinea R, Mor E, Lustig Y, Rahav G. Humoral Response of Renal Transplant Recipients to the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Using Both RBD IgG and Neutralizing Antibodies. Transplantation 2021; 105:e234-e243. [PMID: 34310101 PMCID: PMC8549122 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about SARS-CoV-2 vaccines efficacy in renal transplant recipients (RTR) are lacking. METHODS To reveal predictors for humoral response to BNT162b2 vaccine among RTR, patients were divided into positive (N = 42) and negative (N = 78) response groups based on receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) ≥1.1 and neutralizing antibodies (NA) ≥16 dilution versus RBD IgG <1.1 or NA <16, respectively. NA were detected using a SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virus. RESULTS NA were detected in only 42 of 120 (35%) of RTR versus 197 of 202 (97.5%) immunocompetent controls (P < 0.001). NA geometric mean titers in RTR were significantly lower versus the control group {83.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.5-138.8) versus 482 (95% CI, 411-566), P < 0.001}. In a multivariable analysis, mycophenolic acid (MPA) dose and hemoglobin level were found to be independent predictors for antibody response in RTR. A positive response rate of 27% versus 63% was observed in patients on and off MPA, respectively. An increase in MPA dose by 1 mg/kg weight reduced the odds for a positive response by 17% (odds ratio = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.92; P < 0.001). Geometric mean titers for RBD IgG were significantly reduced as MPA daily dose increased. Hemoglobin blood level <13 g/dL reduced the antibody response by 63% (P = 0.04). Pain at the injection site after the second vaccine dose was significantly higher in the responders versus nonresponders (20.5% versus 5.5%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Only 35% of RTR develop NA to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. MPA is a major suppressor of antibody response in RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Hod
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Nephrology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aharon Ben-David
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Nephrology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liraz Olmer
- Bio-statistical and Bio-mathematical Unit, The Gertner Institute of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Itzchak Levy
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Ronen Ghinea
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Mor
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
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39
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Regulation of local GTP availability controls RAC1 activity and cell invasion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6091. [PMID: 34667203 PMCID: PMC8526568 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological changes in GTP levels in live cells have never been considered a regulatory step of RAC1 activation because intracellular GTP concentration (determined by chromatography or mass spectrometry) was shown to be substantially higher than the in vitro RAC1 GTP dissociation constant (RAC1-GTP Kd). Here, by combining genetically encoded GTP biosensors and a RAC1 activity biosensor, we demonstrated that GTP levels fluctuating around RAC1-GTP Kd correlated with changes in RAC1 activity in live cells. Furthermore, RAC1 co-localized in protrusions of invading cells with several guanylate metabolism enzymes, including rate-limiting inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), which was partially due to direct RAC1-IMPDH2 interaction. Substitution of endogenous IMPDH2 with IMPDH2 mutants incapable of binding RAC1 did not affect total intracellular GTP levels but suppressed RAC1 activity. Targeting IMPDH2 away from the plasma membrane did not alter total intracellular GTP pools but decreased GTP levels in cell protrusions, RAC1 activity, and cell invasion. These data provide a mechanism of regulation of RAC1 activity by local GTP pools in live cells. Changes in intracellular GTP levels are not considered as a regulatory event in RAC1 activation in live cells since total GTP levels are substantially higher than the RAC1 GTP dissociation constant determined in vitro. Here, the authors demonstrate that the availability of free GTP in live cells controls the activity of RAC1 and cell invasion.
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40
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Association between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Herpes Zoster Infection in 1688 Living Donor Liver Transplantation Recipients at a Large Single Center. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080963. [PMID: 34440167 PMCID: PMC8391531 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is closely associated with decreased immune function, a contributor to herpes zoster (HZ). However, risk factors for HZ in living donor LT (LDLT) remain unknown. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and immune system function are reportedly correlated. This study investigated the association between NLR and HZ in 1688 patients who underwent LDLT between January 2010 and July 2020 and evaluated risk factors for HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The predictive power of NLR was assessed through the concordance index and an integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analysis. Of the total cohort, 138 (8.2%) had HZ. The incidence of HZ after LT was 11.2 per 1000 person-years and 0.1%, 1.3%, 2.9%, and 13.5% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. In the Cox regression analysis, preoperative NLR was significantly associated with HZ (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.09; p = 0.005) and PHN (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03–1.13; p = 0.001). Age, sex, mycophenolate mofetil use, and hepatitis B virus infection were risk factors for HZ versus age and sex for PHN. In the IDI analysis, NLR was discriminative for HZ and PHN (p = 0.020 and p = 0.047, respectively). Preoperative NLR might predict HZ and PHN in LDLT recipients.
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Jiang J, Li X, Mori T, Awakawa T, Abe I. Novel Cyclohexyl Meroterpenes Produced by Combinatorial Biosynthesis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:444-446. [PMID: 33952854 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Structurally diverse fungal meroterpenoids are promising drug seed compounds. To obtain unnatural, novel meroterpene scaffolds, we tested combinatorial biosynthesis by co-expressing functionally distinct terpene cyclase (TPC) genes, pyr4, ascF, andB, or cdmG, with the biosynthetic genes for the production of a TPC substrate, (10'R)-epoxyfarnesyl-dimethylorsellinic acid-3,5-methyl ester, in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1 as a heterologous host. As a result, all of the tested TPCs afforded the same two novel mono-cyclization products. This study provides important information on the substrate scope of the TPCs, and will contribute to the production of unnatural, novel molecules for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Jiang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Xinyang Li
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
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42
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Jiang M, Wu Z, Liu L, Chen S. The chemistry and biology of fungal meroterpenoids (2009-2019). Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1644-1704. [PMID: 33320161 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02162h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungal meroterpenoids are secondary metabolites from mixed terpene-biosynthetic origins. Their intriguing chemical structural diversification and complexity, potential bioactivities, and pharmacological significance make them attractive targets in natural product chemistry, organic synthesis, and biosynthesis. This review provides a systematic overview of the isolation, chemical structural features, biological activities, and fungal biodiversity of 1585 novel meroterpenoids from 79 genera terrestrial and marine-derived fungi including macrofungi, Basidiomycetes, in 441 research papers in 2009-2019. Based on the nonterpenoid starting moiety in their biosynthesis pathway, meroterpenoids were classified into four categories (polyketide-terpenoid, indole-, shikimate-, and miscellaneous-) with polyketide-terpenoids (mainly tetraketide-) and shikimate-terpenoids as the primary source. Basidiomycota produced 37.5% of meroterpenoids, mostly shikimate-terpenoids. The genera of Ganoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Stachybotrys are the four dominant producers. Moreover, about 56% of meroterpenoids display various pronounced bioactivities, including cytotoxicity, enzyme inhibition, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal activities. It's exciting that several meroterpenoids including antroquinonol and 4-acetyl antroquinonol B were developed into phase II clinically used drugs. We assume that the chemical diversity and therapeutic potential of these fungal meroterpenoids will provide biologists and medicinal chemists with a large promising sustainable treasure-trove for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. and South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenger Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China and South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Senhua Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China and South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Jiang M, Wu Z, Wu Q, Yin H, Guo H, Yuan S, Liu Z, Chen S, Liu L. Amphichoterpenoids A–C, unprecedented picoline-derived meroterpenoids from the ascidian-derived fungus Amphichorda felina SYSU-MS7908. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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44
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Li T, Kenney AD, Liu H, Fiches GN, Zhou D, Biswas A, Que J, Santoso N, Yount JS, Zhu J. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 activates NF-κB signaling and induces IL-8 upregulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.05.26.445787. [PMID: 34075374 PMCID: PMC8168382 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.26.445787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to NF-κB activation and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the underlying mechanism for this activation is not fully understood. Our results reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein contributes to the viral activation of NF-κB signaling. Nsp14 caused the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Nsp14 induced the upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8, which also occurred in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. IL-8 upregulation was further confirmed in lung tissue samples from COVID-19 patients. A previous proteomic screen identified the putative interaction of Nsp14 with host Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) protein, which is known to regulate NF-κB signaling. We confirmed the Nsp14-IMPDH2 protein interaction and found that IMPDH2 knockdown or chemical inhibition using ribavirin (RIB) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) abolishes Nsp14-mediated NF-κB activation and cytokine induction. Furthermore, IMDPH2 inhibitors (RIB, MPA) efficiently blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating that IMDPH2, and possibly NF-κB signaling, is beneficial to viral replication. Overall, our results identify a novel role of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 in causing the activation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adam D. Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Helu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guillaume N. Fiches
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dawei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ayan Biswas
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Netty Santoso
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jacob S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Han J, Jiang L, Zhang L, Quinn RJ, Liu X, Feng Y. Peculiarities of meroterpenoids and their bioproduction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3987-4003. [PMID: 33937926 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Meroterpenoids are a class of terpenoid-containing hybrid natural products with impressive structural architectures and remarkable pharmacological activities. Remarkable advances in enzymology and synthetic biology have greatly contributed to the elucidation of the molecular basis for their biosynthesis. Here, we review structurally unique meroterpenoids catalyzed by novel enzymes and unusual enzymatic reactions over the period of last 5 years. We also discuss recent progress on the biomimetic synthesis of chrome meroterpenoids and synthetic biology-driven biomanufacturing of tropolone sesquiterpenoids, merochlorins, and plant-derived meroterpenoid cannabinoids. In particular, we focus on the novel enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polyketide-terpenoids, nonribosomal peptide-terpenoids, terpenoid alkaloids, and meroterpenoid with unique structures. The biological activities of these meroterpenoids are also discussed. The information reviewed here might provide useful clues and lay the foundation for developing new meroterpenoid-derived drugs. KEY POINTS: • Meroterpenoids possess intriguing structural features and relevant biological activities. • Novel enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of meroterpenoids with unique structures. • Biomimetic synthesis and synthetic biology enable the construction and manufacturing of complex meroterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Han
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD, Brisbane, 4111, Australia
| | - Lan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD, Brisbane, 4111, Australia
| | - Xueting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD, Brisbane, 4111, Australia.
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Tsai YF, Liu FC, Chen CY, Lin JR, Yu HP. Effect of Mycophenolate Mofetil Therapy on Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081558. [PMID: 33917215 PMCID: PMC8068064 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation is associated with immunosuppressants. However, the appropriate immunosuppressant for HCC recipients is still debated. Data for this nationwide population-based cohort study were extracted from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. A total of 1250 liver transplant recipients (LTRs) with HCC were included. We analyzed the risk factors for post-transplant HCC recurrences. Cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) represented the exposure duration and was calculated as the amount of dispensed defined daily dose (DDD) of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). The dosage effects of MMF on HCC recurrence and liver graft complication rates were investigated. A total of 155 LTRs, having experienced post-transplant HCC recurrence, exhibited low survival probability at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year observations. Our results demonstrated increased HCC recurrence rate after liver transplantation (p = 0.0316) following MMF administration; however, no significant increase was demonstrated following cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or sirolimus administration. Notably, our data demonstrated significantly increased HCC recurrence rate following MMF administration with cDDD > 0.4893 compared with cDDD ≤ 0.4893 or no administration of MMF (p < 0.0001). MMF administration significantly increases the risk of HCC recurrence. Moreover, a MMF-minimizing strategy (cDDD ≤ 0.4893) is recommended for recurrence-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-F.T.); (F.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-F.T.); (F.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-F.T.); (F.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Rung Lin
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-F.T.); (F.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-886-3-3281200 (ext. 2324)
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Terminal Peptide Extensions Augment the Retinal IMPDH1 Catalytic Activity and Attenuate the ATP-induced Fibrillation Events. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:221-229. [PMID: 33733369 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-00973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Defects in inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase-1 (IMPDH1) lead to insufficient biosyntheses of purine nucleotides. In eyes, these defects are believed to cause retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Major retinal isoforms of IMPDH1 are structurally distinct from those in other tissues, by bearing terminal extensions. Using recombinant mouse IMPDH1 (mH1), we evaluated the kinetics and oligomerization states of the retinal isoforms. Moreover, we adopted molecular simulation tools to study the possible effect of terminal tails on the function of major enzyme isoforms with the aim to find structural evidence in favor of contradictory observations on retinal IMPDH1 function. Our findings indicated higher catalytic activity for the major mouse retinal isoform (mH1603) along with lower fibrillation capacity under the influence of ATP. However, higher mass oligomerization products were formed by the mH1 (603) isoform in the presence of the enzyme inhibitors such as GTP and/or MPA. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the structural differences between the retinal isoforms have led to functional variations possibly to justify the retinal cells' requirements.
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48
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Targeting NAD-dependent dehydrogenases in drug discovery against infectious diseases and cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:693-707. [PMID: 32311017 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenases are oxidoreductase enzymes that play a variety of fundamental functions in the living organisms and have primary roles in pathogen survival and infection processes as well as in cancer development. We review here a sub-set of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases involved in human diseases and the recent advancements in drug development targeting pathogen-associated NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. We focus also on the molecular aspects of the inhibition process listing the structures of the most relevant molecules targeting this enzyme family. Our aim is to review the most impacting findings regarding the discovery of novel inhibitory compounds targeting the selected NAD-dependent dehydrogenases involved in cancer and infectious diseases.
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Peng X, Su H, Wang H, Hu G, Hu K, Zhou L, Qiu M. Applanmerotic acids A and B, two meroterpenoid dimers with an unprecedented polycyclic skeleton from Ganoderma applanatum that inhibit formyl peptide receptor 2. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00294e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Applanmerotic acids A and B (1 and 2) with a polycyclic skeleton isolated from Ganoderma applantum showed anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting the activation of FPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Haiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Wang
- Department of Biology
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Guilin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
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Mitsuhashi T, Barra L, Powers Z, Kojasoy V, Cheng A, Yang F, Taniguchi Y, Kikuchi T, Fujita M, Tantillo DJ, Porco JA, Abe I. Exploiting the Potential of Meroterpenoid Cyclases to Expand the Chemical Space of Fungal Meroterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23772-23781. [PMID: 32931152 PMCID: PMC8957209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fungal meroterpenoids are a diverse group of hybrid natural products with impressive structural complexity and high potential as drug candidates. In this work, we evaluate the promiscuity of the early structure diversity-generating step in fungal meroterpenoid biosynthetic pathways: the multibond-forming polyene cyclizations catalyzed by the yet poorly understood family of fungal meroterpenoid cyclases. In total, 12 unnatural meroterpenoids were accessed chemoenzymatically using synthetic substrates. Their complex structures were determined by 2D NMR studies as well as crystalline-sponge-based X-ray diffraction analyses. The results obtained revealed a high degree of enzyme promiscuity and experimental results which together with quantum chemical calculations provided a deeper insight into the catalytic activity of this new family of non-canonical, terpene cyclases. The knowledge obtained paves the way to design and engineer artificial pathways towards second generation meroterpenoids with valuable bioactivities based on combinatorial biosynthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Mitsuhashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787 (Japan)
| | - Lena Barra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)
| | - Zachary Powers
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215 (USA)
| | - Volga Kojasoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616 (USA)
| | - Andrea Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215 (USA)
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215 (USA)
| | - Yoshimasa Taniguchi
- Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Holdings Co. Ltd. 1-13-5, Fukuura Kana-zawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004 (Japan)
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-8666 (Japan)
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787 (Japan)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan)
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616 (USA)
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215 (USA)
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 (Japan)
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