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Qu Q, Zhao C, Yang C, Zhou Q, Liu X, Yang P, Yang F, Shi X. Limosilactobacillus fermentum-fermented ginseng improved antibiotic-induced diarrhoea and the gut microbiota profiles of rats. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3476-3489. [PMID: 35965438 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus fermentum-fermented ginseng for improving colitis and the gut microbiota profiles in rats and explored the benefits of the L. fermentum fermentation process to ginseng. METHODS AND RESULTS Ginseng polysaccharide and ginsenoside from fermented ginseng were analysed by UV and HPLC. Antibiotic-fed rats were treated with fermented ginseng and a L. fermentum-ginseng mixture. Histopathology- and immune-related factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) of the colon were assayed by using pathological sections and ELISA. After treatment, fermented ginseng relieved the symptoms of antibiotic-induced diarrhoea and colon inflammation, and the expression of colon immune factors returned to normal. The gut microbial communities were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the alterations in the gut microbiota returned to normal. In addition, the gut microbiota changes were correlated with immune factor expression after treatment. The fermented ginseng had better biological functions than a L. fermentum-ginseng mixture. CONCLUSIONS Fermented ginseng can relieve diarrhoea and colon inflammation and restore the gut microbiota to its original state. The process of L. fermentum fermentation can expand the therapeutic use of ginseng. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This research suggested the potential function of fermented ginseng to relieve diarrhoea and recover the gut microbiota to a normal level and explored the benefits of the Limosilactobacillus fermentum fermentation process to ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuiting Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengshuo Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, China
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Kyriazopoulou E, Liaskou-Antoniou L, Adamis G, Panagaki A, Melachroinopoulos N, Drakou E, Marousis K, Chrysos G, Spyrou A, Alexiou N, Symbardi S, Alexiou Z, Lagou S, Kolonia V, Gkavogianni T, Kyprianou M, Anagnostopoulos I, Poulakou G, Lada M, Makina A, Roulia E, Koupetori M, Apostolopoulos V, Petrou D, Nitsotolis T, Antoniadou A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Procalcitonin to Reduce Long-Term Infection-associated Adverse Events in Sepsis. A Randomized Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:202-210. [PMID: 32757963 PMCID: PMC7874409 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1201oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Although early antimicrobial discontinuation guided by procalcitonin (PCT) has shown decreased antibiotic consumption in lower respiratory tract infections, the outcomes in long-term sepsis sequelae remain unclear. Objectives: To investigate if PCT guidance may reduce the incidence of long-term infection-associated adverse events in sepsis. Methods: In this multicenter trial, 266 patients with sepsis (by Sepsis-3 definitions) with lower respiratory tract infections, acute pyelonephritis, or primary bloodstream infection were randomized (1:1) to receive either PCT-guided discontinuation of antimicrobials or standard of care. The discontinuation criterion was ≥80% reduction in PCT levels or any PCT ≤0.5 μg/L at Day 5 or later. The primary outcome was the rate of infection-associated adverse events at Day 180, a composite of the incidence of any new infection by Clostridioides difficile or multidrug-resistant organisms, or any death attributed to baseline C. difficile or multidrug-resistant organism infection. Secondary outcomes included 28-day mortality, length of antibiotic therapy, and cost of hospitalization. Measurements and Main Results: The rate of infection-associated adverse events was 7.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8–13.1%; 9/125) versus 15.3% (95% CI, 10.1–22.4%; 20/131) (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.20–0.98; P = 0.045); 28-day mortality 15.2% (95% CI, 10–22.5%; 19/125) versus 28.2% (95% CI, 21.2–36.5%; 37/131) (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29–0.89; P = 0.02); and median length of antibiotic therapy 5 (range, 5–7) versus 10 (range, 7–15) days (P < 0.001) in the PCT and standard-of-care arms, respectively. The cost of hospitalization was also reduced in the PCT arm. Conclusions: In sepsis, PCT guidance was effective in reducing infection-associated adverse events, 28-day mortality, and cost of hospitalization. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03333304).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Adamis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Elina Drakou
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Marousis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Chrysos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, G. Gennimatas General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andronikos Spyrou
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Alexiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Symbardi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Styliani Lagou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Thriasio General Hospital of Eleusis, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Virginia Kolonia
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis Anagnostopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Thriasio General Hospital of Eleusis, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Garyfallia Poulakou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Thriasio General Hospital of Eleusis, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Malvina Lada
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Marina Koupetori
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Petrou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Nitsotolis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, G. Gennimatas General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to explore the benefits and safety of probiotics (live combined Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium granules with multivitamines) for the treatment of children with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD).A total of 72 children with AAD were analyzed in this study. Of these, 36 children received routine treatment plus probiotics, and were assigned to a treatment group. The other 36 children underwent routine treatment alone, and were assigned to a control group. Patients in both groups were treated for a total of 7 days. The efficacy and safety were evaluated by duration of diarrhea (days), number of dressings needed daily, abdominal pain intensity, stool consistency (as assessed by Bristol Stool Scale (BSS)), and any adverse events.After treatment, probiotics showed encouraging benefits in decreasing duration of diarrhea (days) (P < .01), number of dressings needed every day (P < .01), abdominal pain intensity (P < .01), and stool consistency (BSS (3-5), P < .01; BSS (6-7), P < .01). In addition, no adverse events were documented in this study.The findings of this study demonstrated that probiotics may provide promising benefit for children with AAD. Further studies are still needed to warrant theses findings.
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Smith RA, Greenberg M, Parrott RL. Segmenting by risk perceptions: predicting young adults' genetic-belief profiles with health and opinion-leader covariates. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2013; 29:483-93. [PMID: 24111749 PMCID: PMC4062443 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2013.768475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With a growing interest in using genetic information to motivate young adults' health behaviors, audience segmentation is needed for effective campaign design. Using latent class analysis, this study identifies segments based on young adults' (N = 327) beliefs about genetic threats to their health and personal efficacy over genetic influences on their health. A four-class model was identified. The model indicators fit the risk perception attitude framework (Rimal & Real, 2003), but the covariates (e.g., current health behaviors) did not. In addition, opinion leader qualities covaried with one profile: Those in this profile engaged in fewer preventative behaviors and more dangerous treatment options, and also liked to persuade others, making them a particularly salient group for campaign efforts. The implications for adult-onset disorders, like alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Smith
- a Department of Communication Arts & Sciences , Pennsylvania State University
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Review of medical and surgical management of Clostridium difficile infection. Tech Coloproctol 2010; 14:97-105. [PMID: 20454824 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-010-0574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become an important area in our daily clinical practice. C. difficile is known to cause a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from asymptomatic carriage, through mild or moderately severe disease with watery diarrhoea, to the life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), with toxic megacolon and ileus. Peoples who have been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, patients with serious underlying co-morbidities and the elderly are at greatest risk. Over 80% of CDIs reported are in people aged over 65. Due to the alarming increase in its frequency, appearance of more virulent strains and occasional need for life-saving surgical intervention, a more coherent multidisciplinary approach is needed. Combination of rapid turn round time and accurate diagnosis will result in a better management of CDI and a timely implementation of infection control measure. Discontinuation of causative agents such as antibiotic treatment is often curative. In more serious cases, oral administration of metronidazole or vancomycin is the treatment of choice. Relapses of CDI have been reported in about 20-25% of cases, this may increase to 45-60% after the first recurrence. Patients should be treated as soon as possible when the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile colitis is made to avoid sepsis or bowel perforation. Colectomy may improve the outcome of the patient with systemic or complicated Clostridium difficile colitis. This article reviews the changing epidemiological picture, microbiology, histopathology and both medical and surgical managements.
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Shi X, Gong E, Gao D, Zhang B, Zheng J, Gao Z, Zhong Y, Zou W, Wu B, Fang W, Liao S, Wang S, Xie Z, Lu M, Hou L, Zhong H, Shao H, Li N, Liu C, Pei F, Yang J, Wang Y, Han Z, Shi X, Zhang Q, You J, Zhu X, Gu J. Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus is detected in intestinal tissues of fatal cases. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:169-76. [PMID: 15654797 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A significant percentage of confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, and the viral sequence was detectable in the stool of most patients. At present, the knowledge of the pathology of the digestive system in SARS patients is limited. Because a resurgence of the SARS epidemic is constantly possible, there is an urgent need to understand the involvement of the digestive system in this new disease. METHODS We performed seven SARS autopsies in which samples of alimentary tract and digestive glands were examined with routine pathology, electron microscopy (EM), in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The main histopathological finding was atrophy of the mucosal lymphoid tissue. A few mucosal epithelial cells and lymphocytes in the intestine were positively stained for coronavirus with ISH. SARS-coronavirus (CoV)-like particles were found in the mucosal epithelial cells under EM and mild focal inflammation was detected in the alimentary tract. One patient who experienced severe diarrhea had pseudomembranous enteritis of the ileum. Fatty degeneration and central lobular necrosis were observed in the liver. No evidence of direct viral infection was found in the esophagus, the stomach, the salivary gland, the liver, or the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract is another target of SARS-CoV infection, as the intestinal epithelial cells and mucosal lymphoid tissue are infected. The findings provide possible explanations for the gastrointestinal symptoms and the presence of virus in the stool of SARS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Shi
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Shmuely H, Samra Z, Ashkenazi S, Dinari G, Chodick G, Yahav J. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with Shigella gastroenteritis in young children. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99:2041-5. [PMID: 15447770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly in early childhood. Much is unknown about the mode of transmission. The organism can be cultivated from cathartic stools and vomitus and is potentially transmissible during episodes of gastrointestinal tract illness. Because Shigella and Salmonella are common pathogens in enteric infections in children, we examined the association of H. pylori with Shigella and Salmonella infections in pediatric patients. METHODS The study population included consecutive children aged 2-72 months hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis who had culture-proven shigellosis (N = 78) or salmonellosis (N = 76). Sixty-five healthy similarly aged children with culture-negative stools served as controls. Parents of cases were queried for personal and family characteristics and socioeconomic indicators. The stool specimens from all participants were tested for H. pylori antigen. RESULTS On univariate analysis, Shigella gastroenteritis was significantly associated with H. pylori positivity (odds ratio, OR: 3.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5-8.8, p= 0.004) compared to controls. This association remained significant even after adjusting for living conditions, father's occupation, and father's education (OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.39-8.22, p= 0.007). Salmonella gastroenteritis was not associated with H. pylori positivity (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.4-3.0, p= 0.8). CONCLUSION H. pylori infection in young children is associated with Shigella gastroenteritis. This association warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Shmuely
- Helicobacter Research Institute and Microbiology Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqva 49100, Israel
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