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Zhao T, Lv T. Correlation between serum bilirubin, blood uric acid, and C-reactive protein and the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:105. [PMID: 38978143 PMCID: PMC11232315 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between serum bilirubin, blood uric acid, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Patients with COPD who were admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and March 2023 were retrospectively studied. Based on whether their condition progressed to the acute exacerbation stage, they were divided into an exacerbation group (100 cases) and a stability group (100 cases). The clinical data from both groups were analysed to assess the correlations between serum bilirubin, blood uric acid, CRP, and the severity of COPD. RESULTS Univariate analysis indicated significant differences in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (t = 5.678, P < 0.05), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (t = 5.862, P < 0.05), total bilirubin (t = 4.341, P < 0.05), direct bilirubin (t = 5.342, P < 0.05), indirect bilirubin (t = 5.452, P < 0.05), blood uric acid (t = 4.698, P < 0.05), and CRP (t = 4.892, P < 0.05) between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that total bilirubin, blood uric acid, and CRP were positively correlated with exacerbations of COPD (regression coefficients were 0.413, 0.354, and 0.356, respectively; P < 0.05). The evaluation of predictive value showed that the combined predictive value of these three indicators was the highest, with an AUC of 0.823 (95% CI: 0.754-0.911). CONCLUSION Serum bilirubin, blood uric acid, and CRP levels are elevated in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), showing good consistency in predicting the occurrence of AECOPD. The combined diagnostic value of these three indicators is greater than that of any single indicator, providing a reference for the early clinical prediction of AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 9 Jianmin Road, Taozhu Street, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China.
| | - Tian Lv
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhuji, 311800, China
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Pace E, Di Vincenzo S, Ferraro M, Lanata L, Scaglione F. Role of airway epithelium in viral respiratory infections: Can carbocysteine prevent or mitigate them? Immunology 2024; 172:329-342. [PMID: 38354831 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in airway epithelial homeostasis increase viral respiratory infections risk. Viral infections frequently are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, events that dramatically promote disease progression. Mechanism promoting the main respiratory viruses entry and virus-evocated innate and adaptive immune responses have now been elucidated, and an oxidative stress central role in these pathogenic processes has been recognized. Presence of reactive oxygen species in macrophages and other cells allows them to eliminate virus, but its excess alters the balance between innate and adaptive immune responses and proteases/anti-proteases and leads to uncontrolled inflammation, tissue damage, and hypercoagulability. Different upper and lower airway cell types also play a role in viral entry and infection. Carbocysteine is a muco-active drug with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties used for the management of several chronic respiratory diseases. Although the use of anti-oxidants has been proposed as an effective strategy in COPD exacerbations management, the molecular mechanisms that explain carbocysteine efficacy have not yet been fully clarified. The present review describes the most relevant features of the common respiratory virus pathophysiology with a focus on epithelial cells and oxidative stress role and reports data supporting a putative role of carbocysteine in viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Li L, Gong Y, Hou D, Song Y, Bi J, Li M, Han J, Song Y, She J. Contribution of small airway inflammation to the development of COPD. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:116. [PMID: 38443860 PMCID: PMC10916214 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little attention has been paid to the pathophysiological changes in the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The destructions of the small airways were visualized on thoracic micro-computed tomography scan. We investigated whether small airway inflammation (SAI) was the risk for the development of COPD. METHODS A total of 1062 patients were enrolled and analyzed in the study. The partitioned airway inflammation was determined by exhaled nitric oxide (NO) of FnNO, FeNO50, FeNO200, and calculated CaNOdual. Both FeNO200 and CaNOdual were compared to detect the promising predictor for peripheral airway/alveolar inflammation in COPD. The correlation between exhaled NO and white cell classification was evaluated to determine the inflammation type during the development of COPD. RESULTS Exhaled NO levels (FnNO, FeNO50, FeNO200, and CaNOdual) were the highest in the COPD group compared with all other groups. Furthermore, compared with controls, exhaled NO levels (FeNO50, FeNO200, and CaNOdual) were also significantly higher in the emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and smoking groups. FeNO200 was found to be a promising predictor for peripheral airway/alveolar inflammation (area under the curve [AUC] of the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.841) compared with CaNOdual (AUC ROC = 0.707) in COPD. FeNO200 was the main risk factor (adjusted odds ratio, 2.191; 95% CI, 1.797-2.671; p = 0.002) for the development of COPD. The blood eosinophil and basophil levels were correlated with FeNO50 and FeNO200. CONCLUSION The complete airway inflammations were shown in COPD, whereas SAI was the main risk factor for the development of COPD, which might relate to eosinophil and basophil levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongni Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yijun Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Bi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junjie Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jun She
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Li W, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu R, Lu J, Lu W, Qin S. Therapeutic effect of phycocyanin on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00009-2. [PMID: 38211884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is closely tied to antioxidation and anti-inflammation. Phycocyanin (PC) has numerous pharmacological effects, such as antioxidation and anti-inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether PC can play a therapeutic role in COPD. OBJECTIVE As inflammation and oxidative stress can aggravate COPD, this study is to explore the effect of PC on COPD mice and its mechanisms. METHODS The COPD mice model was established by exposing them to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke (CS); PC was administrated in a concentration of 50 mg/kg for 30 days. On the last day, lung function was measured, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained and classified for cells. Lung tissue pathological change was analyzed, and organ indices statistics were measured. Based on molecular docking, the mechanism was explored with Western blotting, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS PC significantly ameliorated the pulmonary function of COPD mice and reduced inflammation of the lung (p < 0.05), and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed PC depressed lung inflammatory cell accumulation and emphysema. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining revealed that PC retarded goblet cells metaplasia and collagen deposition (p < 0.05). In addition, in vivo PC regulated Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) (p < 0.05) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) level (p < 0.01) in the lung, as well as NOX2 level in pulmonary macrophages. Molecular docking results indicate that phycocyanobilin (PCB) in PC had a good binding site in Keap1 and NOX2 proteins; the phycocyanobilin-bound phycocyanin peptide (PCB-PC-peptide) was obtained for further studies. In vitro, PCB-PC-peptide could depress the phospho-NF-E2-related factor 2 (p-Nrf2) and NQO1 protein expression in RAW264.7 cells induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION PC exerts beneficial effects on COPD via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress, which may be achieved through PCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510030, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institue of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510031, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Runze Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jianing Lu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510030, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institue of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510031, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China.
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Cazzola M, Page CP, Wedzicha JA, Celli BR, Anzueto A, Matera MG. Use of thiols and implications for the use of inhaled corticosteroids in the presence of oxidative stress in COPD. Respir Res 2023; 24:194. [PMID: 37517999 PMCID: PMC10388561 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and persistent airway inflammation are thought to be important contributors to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review summarizes the evidence for targeting oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with COPD with mucolytic/antioxidant thiols and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), either alone or in combination. MAIN BODY Oxidative stress is increased in COPD, particularly during acute exacerbations. It can be triggered by oxidant air pollutants and cigarette smoke and/or by endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from mitochondria and activated inflammatory, immune and epithelial cells in the airways, together with a reduction in endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH). Oxidative stress also drives chronic inflammation and disease progression in the airways by activating intracellular signalling pathways and the release of further inflammatory mediators. ICS are anti-inflammatory agents currently recommended for use with long-acting bronchodilators to prevent exacerbations in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, especially those with eosinophilic airway inflammation. However, corticosteroids can also increase oxidative stress, which may in turn reduce corticosteroid sensitivity in patients by several mechanisms. Thiol-based agents such as erdosteine, N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) and S-carboxymethylcysteine (S-CMC) are mucolytic agents that also act as antioxidants. These agents may reduce oxidative stress directly through the free sulfhydryl groups, serving as a source of reducing equivalents and indirectly though intracellular GSH replenishment. Few studies have compared the effects of corticosteroids and thiol agents on oxidative stress, but there is some evidence for greater antioxidant effects when they are administered together. The current Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) report supports treatment with antioxidants (erdosteine, NAC, S-CMC) in addition to standard-of-care therapy as they have been demonstrated to reduce COPD exacerbations. However, such studies have demonstrated that NAC and S-CMC reduced the exacerbation risk only in patients not treated with ICS, whereas erdosteine reduced COPD exacerbations irrespective of concomitant ICS use suggesting that erdosteine has additional pharmacological actions to ICS. CONCLUSIONS Further clinical trials of antioxidant agents with and without ICS are needed to better understand the place of thiol-based drugs in the treatment of patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jadwiga A Wedzicha
- Respiratory Medicine Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bartolome R Celli
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Anzueto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, University of Texas Health and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Fairley LH, Das S, Dharwal V, Amorim N, Hegarty KJ, Wadhwa R, Mounika G, Hansbro PM. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Strategy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:973. [PMID: 37107348 PMCID: PMC10135688 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of COPD, contributing to inflammatory signaling, corticosteroid resistance, DNA damage, and accelerated lung aging and cellular senescence. Evidence suggests that oxidative damage is not solely due to exogenous exposure to inhaled irritants, but also endogenous sources of oxidants in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria, the major producers of ROS, exhibit impaired structure and function in COPD, resulting in reduced oxidative capacity and excessive ROS production. Antioxidants have been shown to protect against ROS-induced oxidative damage in COPD, by reducing ROS levels, reducing inflammation, and protecting against the development of emphysema. However, currently available antioxidants are not routinely used in the management of COPD, suggesting the need for more effective antioxidant agents. In recent years, a number of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) compounds have been developed that are capable of crossing the mitochondria lipid bilayer, offering a more targeted approach to reducing ROS at its source. In particular, MTAs have been shown to illicit greater protective effects compared to non-targeted, cellular antioxidants by further reducing apoptosis and offering greater protection against mtDNA damage, suggesting they are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of COPD. Here, we review evidence for the therapeutic potential of MTAs as a treatment for chronic lung disease and discuss current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H. Fairley
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Shatarupa Das
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nadia Amorim
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Karl J. Hegarty
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guntipally Mounika
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Fan G, Wang D, Wu S, Li D, Ren X, Dong F, Huang K, Chen Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Yang T. Better response to Tanreqing injection in frequent acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients-Real-world evidence from a nationwide registry (ACURE) study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1118143. [PMID: 37056988 PMCID: PMC10086601 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1118143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to systematically investigate the efficacy of Tanreqing (TRQ) injection on in-hospital outcomes among inpatients with frequent or infrequent AECOPD. Methods: In this ongoing, nationwide multicenter registry designed to investigate clinical characteristics, management, and prognoses of Chinese patients admitted for AECOPD in real-world settings, we collected characteristics, comorbidities, in-hospital prognoses, and information on the COPD assessment test (CAT) questionnaire, PEACE questionnaire, and modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) questionnaire from each enrolled patient. Frequent AECOPD was determined as being admitted to the hospital ≥1 time or visiting the emergency room (ER) ≥ 2 times due to AECOPD within a year. A propensity match method and univariable and multivariable regression models were performed to analyze the efficacy of TRQ on clinical outcomes for inpatients with frequent AECOPD. Results: A total of 4135 inpatients were involved in the analysis, including 868 administered with TRQ and 3267 not administered with TRQ. After propensity score match, among those administered with TRQ, 493 had frequent AECOPD and 358 had infrequent AECOPD. A significant reduction of CAT score at discharge (TRQ median 12, IQR 8.0-16.0; non-TRQ median 13, IQR 9.0-18.0, p = 0.0297), a lower rate of ICU admission (TRQ 0.8% vs. non-TRQ 2.6%, p = 0.0191), and a shorter length of stay (LOS) (TRQ median 11, IQR 9.0-14.0; non-TRQ median 11, IQR 8.0-14.0, p = 0.004) were observed in the TRQ group, compared with the non-TRQ group among frequent AECOPD patients. In the subgroup analysis, for those with a PEACE score >7 on admission, TRQ contributed to a significantly lower CAT score at discharge (p = 0.0084) and a numerically lower ICU admission rate with a marginal statistical significance. Among those with phlegm-heat symptom complex on admission ≥2, a lower CAT score at discharge and a lower ICU admission were also observed in the TRQ group. Conclusion: TRQ injection had better efficacy in patients with frequent AECOPD in reducing ICU admission and alleviating respiratory symptoms, especially for those with higher severity on admission or more phlegm-heat symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Fan
- Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sinan Wu
- Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Demin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Dong
- Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Kewu Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
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Yamaya M, Kikuchi A, Sugawara M, Nishimura H. Anti-inflammatory effects of medications used for viral infection-induced respiratory diseases. Respir Investig 2023; 61:270-283. [PMID: 36543714 PMCID: PMC9761392 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses like rhinovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus cause several respiratory diseases, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, and coronavirus disease 2019, and exacerbate bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and diffuse panbronchiolitis. The production of inflammatory mediators and mucin and the accumulation of inflammatory cells have been reported in patients with viral infection-induced respiratory diseases. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted are produced in the cells, including human airway and alveolar epithelial cells, partly through the activation of toll-like receptors, nuclear factor kappa B and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These mediators are associated with the development of viral infection-induced respiratory diseases through the induction of inflammation and injury in the airway and lung, airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness, and mucus secretion. Medications used to treat respiratory diseases, including corticosteroids, long-acting β2-agonists, long-acting muscarinic antagonists, mucolytic agents, antiviral drugs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza virus, macrolides, and Kampo medicines, reduce the production of viral infection-induced mediators, including cytokines and mucin, as determined in clinical, in vivo, or in vitro studies. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of these medications on viral infection-induced respiratory diseases may be associated with clinical benefits, such as improvements in symptoms, quality of life, and mortality rate, and can prevent hospitalization and the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, and diffuse panbronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai 983-8520, Japan; Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kikuchi
- Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugawara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai 980-0803, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai 983-8520, Japan
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Lee SH, Han MS, Lee TH, Lee DB, Park JH, Lee SH, Kim TH. Hydrogen peroxide attenuates rhinovirus-induced anti-viral interferon secretion in sinonasal epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1086381. [PMID: 36860857 PMCID: PMC9968966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Altered innate defense mechanisms, including an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants release, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study is to investigate whether oxidative stress may attenuate the secretion of anti-viral interferons in human sinonasal mucosa. Methods The levels of H2O2 in nasal secretion were increased in patients with CRS with nasal polyps, compared with that of CRS patients without nasal polyps and control subjects. Normal sinonasal epithelial cells derived from healthy subjects were cultured under an air-liquid interface. The cultured cells were infected with rhinovirus 16 (RV 16) or treated with poly (I: C), TLR3 agonist, after being pretreated with an oxidative stressor, H2O2 or antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Thereafter, the expression levels of type I (IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ1 and λ2) interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were evaluated with RT-qPCR, ELISA, and western blot. Results The data showed that the production of type I (IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ1 and λ2) interferons and ISGs was upregulated in cells infected with RV 16 or treated with poly (I: C). However, their up-regulated expression was attenuated in cells pretreated with H2O2, but not inhibited in cells pretreated with NAC. In line with these data, the up-regulated expression of TLR3, RIG-1, MDA5, and IRF3 was reduced in cells pretreated with H2O2, but not attenuated in cells treated with NAC. Furthermore, cells transfected with Nrf2 siRNA showed decreased secretion of anti-viral interferons whereas sulforaphane treatment enhanced the secretory capacity of antiviral interferons. Conclusions These results suggest that the production of RV16-induced antiviral interferons may be attenuated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hag Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Soo Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Bin Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Abstract
The term "scavengome" refers to the chemical space of all the metabolites that may be formed from an antioxidant upon scavenging reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). This chemical space covers a wide variety of free radical metabolites with drug discovery potential. It is very rich in structures representing an increased chemical complexity as compared to the parent antioxidant: a wide range of unusual heterocyclic structures, new CC bonds, etc. may be formed. Further, in a biological environment, this increased chemical complexity is directly translated from the localized conditions of oxidative stress that determines the amounts and types of ROS/RNS present. Biomimetic oxidative chemistry provides an excellent tool to model chemical reactions between antioxidants and ROS/RNS. In this chapter, we provide an overview on the known metabolites obtained by biomimetic oxidation of a few selected natural antioxidants, i.e., a stilbene (resveratrol), a pair of hydroxycinnamates (caffeic acid and methyl caffeate), and a flavonol (quercetin), and discuss the drug discovery perspectives of the related chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Hunyadi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Orinhamhe G Agbadua
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Takács
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Mcule.com Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy T Balogh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Dailah HG. Therapeutic Potential of Small Molecules Targeting Oxidative Stress in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175542. [PMID: 36080309 PMCID: PMC9458015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing and major global health problem. COPD is also the third leading cause of death worldwide. Oxidative stress (OS) takes place when various reactive species and free radicals swamp the availability of antioxidants. Reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their counterpart antioxidants are important for host defense and physiological signaling pathways, and the development and progression of inflammation. During the disturbance of their normal steady states, imbalances between antioxidants and oxidants might induce pathological mechanisms that can further result in many non-respiratory and respiratory diseases including COPD. ROS might be either endogenously produced in response to various infectious pathogens including fungi, viruses, or bacteria, or exogenously generated from several inhaled particulate or gaseous agents including some occupational dust, cigarette smoke (CS), and air pollutants. Therefore, targeting systemic and local OS with therapeutic agents such as small molecules that can increase endogenous antioxidants or regulate the redox/antioxidants system can be an effective approach in treating COPD. Various thiol-based antioxidants including fudosteine, erdosteine, carbocysteine, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine have the capacity to increase thiol content in the lungs. Many synthetic molecules including inhibitors/blockers of protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, catalytic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase mimetics, and spin trapping agents can effectively modulate CS-induced OS and its resulting cellular alterations. Several clinical and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that these antioxidants have the capacity to decrease OS and affect the expressions of several pro-inflammatory genes and genes that are involved with redox and glutathione biosynthesis. In this article, we have summarized the role of OS in COPD pathogenesis. Furthermore, we have particularly focused on the therapeutic potential of numerous chemicals, particularly antioxidants in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Abdelhamid AM, Youssef ME, Cavalu S, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Youssef A, Elazab ST, Ibrahim S, Allam S, Elgharabawy RM, El-Ahwany E, Amin NA, Shata A, Mohammed OA, Ibrahim Abdeldaiem MS, Alhowail A, El-Saber Batiha G, El-Mahmoudy EA, Attia M, Allam A, Zaater MY, Osman MM, Nader M, Taha A, Makarem NA, Saber S. Carbocisteine as a Modulator of Nrf2/HO-1 and NFκB Interplay in Rats: New Inspiration for the Revival of an Old Drug for Treating Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887233. [PMID: 35754464 PMCID: PMC9214041 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease, is a chronic condition of a multifaceted pathophysiology. The incidence of UC is increasing internationally. The current therapies for UC lack relative effectiveness and are associated with adverse effects. Therefore, novel therapeutic options should be developed. It has been well documented that modulating the Nrf2/NFκB is a promising therapeutic target in inflammation. Carbocisteine is a mucoregulatory medication and its efficacy in COPD was found to be more closely related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Carbocisteine has not yet been examined for the management of UC. Hence, our approach was to investigate the potential coloprotective role of carbocisteine in acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Our results revealed that carbocisteine improved colon histology and macroscopic features and subdued the disease activity as well. Additionally, carbocisteine attenuated colon shortening and augmented colon antioxidant defense mechanisms via upregulating catalase and HO-1 enzymes. The myeloperoxidase activity was suppressed indicating inhibition of the neutrophil infiltration and activation. Consistent with these findings, carbocisteine boosted Nrf2 expression along with NFκB inactivation. Consequently, carbocisteine downregulated the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Concomitant to these protective roles, carbocisteine displayed anti-apoptotic properties as revealed by the reduction in the Bax: BCL-2 ratio. In conclusion, carbocisteine inhibited oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in acetic acid-induced UC by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and NFκB interplay in rats. Therefore, the current study provides a potential basis for repurposing a safe and a commonly used mucoregulator for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Amal Youssef
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara T Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shady Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - Eman El-Ahwany
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha A Amin
- Department of Haematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Said Ibrahim Abdeldaiem
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia.,Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Engy A El-Mahmoudy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Maram Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Alaa Allam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mona Y Zaater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mona M Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Manar Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Aya Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Nada Abul Makarem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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13
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Pace E, Cerveri I, Lacedonia D, Paone G, Sanduzzi Zamparelli A, Sorbo R, Allegretti M, Lanata L, Scaglione F. Clinical Efficacy of Carbocysteine in COPD: Beyond the Mucolytic Action. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061261. [PMID: 35745833 PMCID: PMC9227620 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease with a versatile and complicated profile, being the fourth most common single cause of death worldwide. Several research groups have been trying to identify possible therapeutic approaches to treat COPD, such as the use of mucoactive drugs, which include carbocysteine. However, their role in the treatment of patients suffering from COPD remains controversial due to COPD's multifaceted profile. In the present review, 72 articles, published in peer-reviewed journals with high impact factors, are analyzed in order to provide significant insight and increase the knowledge about COPD considering the important contribution of carbocysteine in reducing exacerbations via multiple mechanisms. Carbocysteine is in fact able to modulate mucins and ciliary functions, and to counteract viral and bacterial infections as well as oxidative stress, offering cytoprotective effects. Furthermore, carbocysteine improves steroid responsiveness and exerts anti-inflammatory activity. This analysis demonstrates that the use of carbocysteine in COPD patients represents a well-tolerated treatment with a favorable safety profile, and might contribute to a better quality of life for patients suffering from this serious illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council, Via Ugo la Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Isa Cerveri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Gregorino Paone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Sanduzzi Zamparelli
- UOC Pneumotisiologia, Scuola di Specializzazione in Malattie Respiratorie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II A.O.R.N. Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Rossella Sorbo
- Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
| | | | - Luigi Lanata
- Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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14
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Németh AG, Szabó R, Németh K, Keserű GM, Ábrányi-Balogh P. A stepwise one-pot synthesis of aliphatic thiols and their derivatives from acrylamides and sulfur. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4361-4368. [PMID: 35575267 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur enables the convenient formation of C-S bonds and the direct incoporation of S-S bonds. The reactivity of easily accessible electron deficient alkenes towards sulfur, however, is barely disclosed. Herein, we investigated the reactivity of acrylamides with sulfur and eventually developed a new pseudo-multicomponent reaction for the preparation of polysulfides. Sequential one-pot reduction led to diversely substituted thiols. Additional third stage one-pot modifications provided thioethers, unsymmetric disulfide and thioester.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Gy Németh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Renáta Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Németh
- MS Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György M Keserű
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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15
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Barnes PJ. Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050965. [PMID: 35624831 PMCID: PMC9138026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a marked increase in oxidative stress in the lungs of patients with COPD, as measured by increased exhaled 8-isoprostane, ethane, and hydrogen peroxide in the breath. The lung may be exposed to exogenous oxidative stress from cigarette smoking and indoor or outdoor air pollution and to endogenous oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species released from activated inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, in the lungs. Oxidative stress in COPD may be amplified by a reduction in endogenous antioxidants and poor intake of dietary antioxidants. Oxidative stress is a major driving mechanism of COPD through the induction of chronic inflammation, induction of cellular senescence and impaired autophagy, reduced DNA repair, increased autoimmunity, increased mucus secretion, and impaired anti-inflammatory response to corticosteroids. Oxidative stress, therefore, drives the pathology of COPD and may increase disease progression, amplify exacerbations, and increase comorbidities through systemic oxidative stress. This suggests that antioxidants may be effective as disease-modifying treatments. Unfortunately, thiol-based antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine, have been poorly effective, as they are inactivated by oxidative stress in the lungs, so there is a search for more effective and safer antioxidants. New antioxidants in development include mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, NOX inhibitors, and activators of the transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates several antioxidant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW5 9LH, UK
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16
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Ferraro M, Di Vincenzo S, Sangiorgi C, Leto Barone S, Gangemi S, Lanata L, Pace E. Carbocysteine Modifies Circulating miR-21, IL-8, sRAGE, and fAGEs Levels in Mild Acute Exacerbated COPD Patients: A Pilot Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020218. [PMID: 35215330 PMCID: PMC8880736 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) periodically experience acute exacerbation (AECOPD). Carbocysteine represents a valid add on therapy in COPD by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The in vivo effects of carbocysteine on inflammatory markers are not yet fully understood. The aims of this study were to assess: (i) miR-21, IL-8, soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE), and fluorescent Advanced Glycation End Products (fAGEs) in control subjects (n = 9), stable (n = 9), and AECOPD patients (n = 24); and (ii) whether carbocysteine modifies these markers and the functional parameters in mild AECOPD patients. Mild AECOPD patients received or not carbocysteine along with background inhalation therapy for 20 days. At the onset and at the end of the observation period, the following parameters were evaluated: FEV1, FEF25–75%, CAT questionnaire; miR-21 by Real Time PCR; IL-8 and sRAGE by ELISA; and fAGEs by spectro-fluorescence method. COPD patients showed higher levels of miR-21, IL-8, fAGEs and lower levels of sRAGE compared to that of controls. miR-21 inversely correlated with FEV1. IL-8 and fAGEs were significantly different in stable and exacerbated COPD patients. Carbocysteine improved symptoms, FEV1 and FEF25–75%, increased sRAGE, and reduced miR-21, IL-8, and fAGEs in mild AECOPD patients. The present study provides compelling evidence that carbocysteine may help to manage mild AECOPD by downregulating some parameters of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ferraro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (S.D.V.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (S.D.V.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Sangiorgi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (S.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | | | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (S.D.V.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-680-9148; Fax: +39-091-680-9122
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17
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Uwagboe I, Adcock IM, Lo Bello F, Caramori G, Mumby S. New drugs under development for COPD. Minerva Med 2022; 113:471-496. [PMID: 35142480 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.08024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include inflammation and remodelling of the lower airways and lung parenchyma together with activation of inflammatory and immune processes. Due to the increasing habit of cigarette smoking worldwide COPD prevalence is increasing globally. Current therapies are unable to prevent COPD progression in many patients or target many of its hallmark characteristics which may reflect the lack of adequate biomarkers to detect the heterogeneous clinical and molecular nature of COPD. In this chapter we review recent molecular data that may indicate novel pathways that underpin COPD subphenotypes and indicate potential improvements in the classes of drugs currently used to treat COPD. We also highlight the evidence for new drugs or approaches to treat COPD identified using molecular and other approaches including kinase inhibitors, cytokine- and chemokine-directed biologicals and small molecules, antioxidants and redox signalling pathway inhibitors, inhaled anti-infectious agents and senolytics. It is important to consider the phenotypes/molecular endotypes of COPD patients together with specific outcome measures to target new therapies to particular COPD subtypes. This will require greater understanding of COPD molecular pathologies and a focus on biomarkers of predicting disease subsets and responder/non-responder populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Uwagboe
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK -
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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18
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Nucera F, Mumby S, Paudel KR, Dharwal V, DI Stefano A, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of COPD. Minerva Med 2022; 113:370-404. [PMID: 35142479 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke is a prominent cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and provides an important source of exogenous oxidants. In addition, several inflammatory and structural cells are a source of endogenous oxidants in the lower airways of COPD patients, even in former smokers. This suggests that oxidants play a key role in the pathogenesis of COPD. This oxidative stress is counterbalanced by the protective effects of the various endogenous antioxidant defenses of the lower airways. A large amount of data from animal models and patients with COPD have shown that both the stable phase of the disease, and during exacerbations, have increased oxidative stress in the lower airways compared with age-matched smokers with normal lung function. Thus, counteracting the increased oxidative stress may produce clinical benefits in COPD patients. Smoking cessation is currently the most effective treatment of COPD patients and reduces oxidative stress in the lower airways. In addition, many drugs used to treat COPD have some antioxidant effects, however, it is still unclear if their clinical efficacy is related to pharmacological modulation of the oxidant/antioxidant balance. Several new antioxidant compounds are in development for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy -
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airways Diseases Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Keshav R Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antonino DI Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Diseases Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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19
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Zhan Z, Ma Y, Huang K, Liang C, Mao X, Zhang Y, Ren X, Lei J, Chen Y, Yang T, Wang C. Methylxanthine Treatment in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in China: A Real-World Study Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:802123. [PMID: 35145412 PMCID: PMC8821534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.802123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although medical guidelines discourage the use of methylxanthines in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), they are still widely used in clinical practice. This study investigated the real-world use of methylxanthines in the management of AECOPD.Methods: Patient data from the Acute exacerbation of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Using REgistry data (ACURE, NCT02657525) study database were screened. Enrolled patients were divided into treatment and control groups. Propensity score (PS) matching and Cox regression analyses were used to minimize confounding factors and determine the association between methylxanthine treatment and the length of stay (LOS).Results: Among the 2088 eligible patients, 1,563 (74.9%) were in the methylxanthine treatment group. Patients treated with methylxanthines had more severe respiratory symptoms and worse lung function than those in the control group. Doxophylline was the most commonly used methylxanthine in both secondary and tertiary hospitals. After PS matching, 966 patients were equally divided into two groups. The LOS of patients in the two groups was similar [median: 8 days, interquartile range (IQR): 7–11 days, p = 0.730]. Patients in the treatment group (median: 8, IQR: 4–12) had a more significant decrease in the COPD Assessment Test score from admission to discharge than those in the control group (median: 6, IQR: 2–10, p < 0.001). Among all matched patients, the LOS was not significantly associated with methylxanthine treatment [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.02, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.89–1.16]. However, in the subgroup analysis, methylxanthines were significantly associated with a short LOS in patients with blood eosinophil count >4% (adjusted HR: 1.56, 95% CIs: 1.12–2.17).Conclusion: This study revealed that methylxanthines, especially doxophylline, are widely used in China. Methylxanthines were effective in improving symptoms in AECOPD patients. Higher blood eosinophil count may be associated with a better efficacy of methylxanthine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Zhan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Chinese Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care, Beijing, China
| | - Xihua Mao
- Chinese Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care, Beijing, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Chinese Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jieping Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen, ; Ting Yang,
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen, ; Ting Yang,
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Huang X, Guan W, Xiang B, Wang W, Xie Y, Zheng J. MUC5B regulates goblet cell differentiation and reduces inflammation in a murine COPD model. Respir Res 2022; 23:11. [PMID: 35042537 PMCID: PMC8764756 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway mucus hypersecretion is one of the important pathological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MUC5B is the main mucin expressed in the airways of COPD patients and has been indicated to play an important role in airway defense. However, the specific biological function of MUC5B in COPD and the possible mechanism are not clear. Methods We established a COPD model with 24-week-old MUC5B−/− mice exposed to cigarette smoke and tested our hypothesis through lung function tests, HE and PAS staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot, q-PCR and ELISA. Results Compared with MUC5B+/+ mice, MUC5B−/− mice had worse general condition and lung function, increased inflammatory infiltration, reduced goblet cell differentiation as indicated by decreased PAS staining (PAS grade: 1.8 ± 0.24 vs. 0.6 ± 0.16), reduced MUC5AC expression (ELISA: 0.30 ± 0.01 vs. 0.17 ± 0.01 mg/ml, q-PCR: 9.4 ± 1.7 vs. 4.1 ± 0.1 fold, IHC score: 3.1 ± 0.9 vs. 1.6 ± 0.7), increased macrophage secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) and expression of downstream pathway factors (ERK1/2 and NF-κB), decreased expression of SPDEF and STAT6, and increased expression of FOXA2. Conclusion The protective effect of MUC5B in the development of COPD was mediated by the promotion of goblet cell differentiation and the inhibition of inflammation. The role of MUC5B in regulating inflammation was related to macrophage function, and goblet cell differentiation was promoted by the induced expression of STAT6 and SPDEF. This study describes a mechanism of mucus hypersecretion and identifies MUC5B as a new target for the treatment of mucus hypersecretion. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01920-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Miravitlles M, Calle M, Molina J, Almagro P, Gómez JT, Trigueros JA, Cosío BG, Casanova C, López-Campos JL, Riesco JA, Simonet P, Rigau D, Soriano JB, Ancochea J, Soler-Cataluña JJ. [Translated article] Spanish COPD guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021: Updated pharmacological treatment of stable COPD. Arch Bronconeumol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Miravitlles M, Calle M, Molina J, Almagro P, Gómez JT, Trigueros JA, Cosío BG, Casanova C, López-Campos JL, Riesco JA, Simonet P, Rigau D, Soriano JB, Ancochea J, Soler-Cataluña JJ. Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021: Updated Pharmacological treatment of stable COPD. Arch Bronconeumol 2022; 58:69-81. [PMID: 33840553 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC) were first published in 2012, and since then have undergone a series of updates incorporating new evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of COPD. GesEPOC was drawn up in partnership with scientific societies involved in the treatment of COPD and the Spanish Patients' Forum. Their recommendations are based on an evaluation of the evidence using GRADE methodology, and a narrative description of the evidence in areas in which GRADE cannot be applied. In this article, we summarize the recommendations on the pharmacological treatment of stable COPD based on 9 PICO questions. COPD treatment is a 4-step process: 1) diagnosis, 2) determination of the risk level, 3) initial and subsequent inhaled therapy, and 4) identification and management of treatable traits. For the selection of inhaled therapy, high-risk patients are divided into 3 phenotypes: non-exacerbator, eosinophilic exacerbator, and non-eosinophilic exacerbator. Some treatable traits are general and should be investigated in all patients, such as smoking or inhalation technique, while others affect severe patients in particular, such as chronic hypoxemia and chronic bronchial infection. COPD treatment is based on long-acting bronchodilators with single agents or in combination, depending on the patient's risk level. Eosinophilic exacerbators must receive inhaled corticosteroids, while non-eosinophilic exacerbators require a more detailed evaluation to choose the best therapeutic option. The new GesEPOC also includes recommendations on the withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids and on indications for alpha-1 antitrypsin treatment. GesEPOC offers a more individualized approach to COPD treatment tailored according to the clinical characteristics of patients and their level of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Miravitlles
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
| | - Myriam Calle
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, España
| | | | - Pere Almagro
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, España
| | | | | | - Borja G Cosío
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases-IdISBa, Palma de Mallorca, España
| | - Ciro Casanova
- Servicio de Neumología-Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de La Candelaria. Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, España
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - Juan Antonio Riesco
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, España
| | - Pere Simonet
- Centro de Salud Viladecans-2, Atención Primaria Costa de Ponent-Institut Català de la Salut. Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Departament de Ciències Clíniques, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - David Rigau
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Barcelona, España
| | - Joan B Soriano
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Julio Ancochea
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Juan José Soler-Cataluña
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Lliria, Valencia, España
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23
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Schiffers C, Reynaert NL, Wouters EFM, van der Vliet A. Redox Dysregulation in Aging and COPD: Role of NOX Enzymes and Implications for Antioxidant Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111799. [PMID: 34829671 PMCID: PMC8615131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With a rapidly growing elderly human population, the incidence of age-related lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to rise. It is widely believed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in ageing and in age-related disease, and approaches of antioxidant supplementation have been touted as useful strategies to mitigate age-related disease progression, although success of such strategies has been very limited to date. Involvement of ROS in ageing is largely attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired adaptive antioxidant responses. NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes represent an important enzyme family that generates ROS in a regulated fashion for purposes of oxidative host defense and redox-based signalling, however, the associations of NOX enzymes with lung ageing or age-related lung disease have to date only been minimally addressed. The present review will focus on our current understanding of the impact of ageing on NOX biology and its consequences for age-related lung disease, particularly COPD, and will also discuss the implications of altered NOX biology for current and future antioxidant-based strategies aimed at treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Schiffers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.S.); (E.F.M.W.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Niki L. Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Emiel F. M. Wouters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.S.); (E.F.M.W.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.S.); (E.F.M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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S-Carboxymethyl Cysteine Protects against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in a Parkinson's Disease In Vitro Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101467. [PMID: 34680584 PMCID: PMC8533464 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucolytic agent S-carboxymethylcysteine is widely used as an expectorant for the treatment of numerous respiratory disorders. The metabolic fate of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine is complex. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that the metabolism of this agent differs within the same individual, with sulfur oxygenated metabolites generated upon night-time administration. It has been indicated that this drug behaves like a free radical scavenger and that, in this regard, the sulfide is the active species with sulphoxide metabolites (already oxidized) being inactive. Consequently, a night-time consumption of the drug should be more effective upon daytime administration. Still, this diurnal variation in biotransformation (deactivation) is dependent on the genetic polymorphism on which relies the patient population capacities of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine sulphoxidation. It has been reported that those cohorts who are efficient sulfur oxidizers will generate inactive oxygenated metabolites. In contrast, those who have a relative deficiency in this mechanism will be subjected to the active sulfide for a more extended period. In this regard, it is noteworthy that 38–39% of Parkinson’s disease patients belong to the poor sulphoxide cohort, being exposed to higher levels of active sulfide, the active antioxidant metabolite of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominately dopaminergic neurons. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a crucial role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Based on this evidence, in this study, we evaluated the effects of S-carboxymethyl cysteine in an in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease in protecting against oxidative stress injury. The data obtained suggested that an S-carboxymethylcysteine-enriched diet could be beneficial during aging to protect neurons from oxidative imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, thus preventing the progression of neurodegenerative processes.
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25
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Carrasco-Hernández L, Quintana-Gallego E, Calero C, Reinoso-Arija R, Ruiz-Duque B, López-Campos JL. Dysfunction in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Potential Target for Personalised Medicine. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1437. [PMID: 34680554 PMCID: PMC8533244 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous pathways were explored in the pathogenesis of COPD in the quest for new potential therapeutic targets for more personalised medical care. In this context, the study of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) began to gain importance, especially since the advent of the new CFTR modulators which had the potential to correct this protein's dysfunction in COPD. The CFTR is an ion transporter that regulates the hydration and viscosity of mucous secretions in the airway. Therefore, its abnormal function favours the accumulation of thicker and more viscous secretions, reduces the periciliary layer and mucociliary clearance, and produces inflammation in the airway, as a consequence of a bronchial infection by both bacteria and viruses. Identifying CFTR dysfunction in the context of COPD pathogenesis is key to fully understanding its role in the complex pathophysiology of COPD and the potential of the different therapeutic approaches proposed to overcome this dysfunction. In particular, the potential of the rehydration of mucus and the role of antioxidants and phosphodiesterase inhibitors should be discussed. Additionally, the modulatory drugs which enhance or restore decreased levels of the protein CFTR were recently described. In particular, two CFTR potentiators, ivacaftor and icenticaftor, were explored in COPD. The present review updated the pathophysiology of the complex role of CFTR in COPD and the therapeutic options which could be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrasco-Hernández
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Quintana-Gallego
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Calero
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Reinoso-Arija
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
| | - Borja Ruiz-Duque
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Taniguchi A, Tsuge M, Miyahara N, Tsukahara H. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative Defense in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101537. [PMID: 34679673 PMCID: PMC8533053 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema) and declining pulmonary function. It is increasingly obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) contribute to the progression and amplification of the inflammatory responses related to this disease. First, we described the association between cigarette smoking, the most representative exogenous oxidant, and COPD and then presented the multiple pathophysiological aspects of ROS and antioxidative defense systems in the development and progression of COPD. Second, the relationship between nitric oxide system (endothelial) dysfunction and oxidative stress has been discussed. Third, we have provided data on the use of these biomarkers in the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COPD and its progression and presented an overview of oxidative stress biomarkers having clinical applications in respiratory medicine, including those in exhaled breath, as per recent observations. Finally, we explained the findings of recent clinical and experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of antioxidative interventions for COPD. Future breakthroughs in antioxidative therapy may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Mitsuru Tsuge
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Academic Field of Health Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the fourth leading cause of death worldwide and will likely be the third most common cause by the end of 2020. It is felt to be caused by repetitive noxious stimuli to the lung, most commonly from smoking, with persistent symptoms of cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath. Most patients will have these baseline symptoms, with periodic flare-ups known as exacerbations. This article focuses on pharmacological therapy in a stable COPD patient. Pharmacological treatment of a stable COPD patient focuses on minimizing symptoms, improving exercise tolerance, and preventing exacerbations. Nonpharmacological management of stable COPD, smoking cessation, and treatment of exacerbations are covered in other sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Gordon
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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28
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Kunisaki KM, Sin DD. Methylxanthines in COPD: yes to caffeine, no to theophylline. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:57/6/2004564. [PMID: 34112714 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04564-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken M Kunisaki
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA .,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Steventon GB, Mitchell SC. S-Carboxymethyl-l-cysteine: a multiple dosing study using pharmacokinetic modelling. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:865-870. [PMID: 33974496 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1928330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
S-Carboxymethyl-l-cysteine is a mucolytic agent used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of respiratory disorders. Various mechanisms of action have been proposed but few studies have attempted to link the required in vitro concentrations with those achieved actually in vivo during clinical therapy.The data from several published studies has been re-analysed by WinNonlin using non-compartmental analysis modelling, Phoenix modelling and Classic PK compartmental modelling for both single (500-1500 mg) and multiple oral administration of the drug.Multiple dose modelling indicated maximum peak concentrations (Cmax) ranging from 1.29 to 11.22 μg/ml and those at steady state (Css(av)) from 1.30 to 8.40 μg/ml. For the standard therapeutic regimen of 3 × 750 mg (2250 mg/day) these values were 1.29-5.22 μg/ml (Cmax) and 1.30-3.50 μg/ml (Css(av)). No accumulation was observed.Hence, only the pharmacodynamic studies reporting significant effects below c.10 μg/ml were likely to occur in vivo and these were mainly gene-related mechanisms. The majority of events, although demonstrable in vitro, required levels much greater than possible to achieve in the clinical situation.Such unappreciated disregard for in vitro-in vivo 'concentration matching' may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding mechanisms of action for many drugs as well as for S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen C Mitchell
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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30
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Spanish COPD guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021: Updated pharmacological treatment of stable COPD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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MacLeod M, Papi A, Contoli M, Beghé B, Celli BR, Wedzicha JA, Fabbri LM. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation fundamentals: Diagnosis, treatment, prevention and disease impact. Respirology 2021; 26:532-551. [PMID: 33893708 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exacerbations (ECOPD), characterized by an acute deterioration in respiratory symptoms, are fundamental events impacting negatively upon disease progression, comorbidities, wellbeing and mortality. ECOPD also represent the largest component of the socioeconomic burden of COPD. ECOPDs are currently defined as acute worsening of respiratory symptoms that require additional therapy. Definitions that require worsening of dyspnoea and sputum volume/purulence assume that acute infections, especially respiratory viral infections, and/or exposure to pollutants are the main cause of ECOPD. But other factors may contribute to ECOPD, such as the exacerbation of other respiratory diseases and non-respiratory diseases (e.g., heart failure, thromboembolism). The complexity of worsening dyspnoea has suggested a need to improve the definition of ECOPD using objective measurements such as blood counts and C-reactive protein to improve accuracy of diagnosis and a personalized approach to management. There are three time points when we can intervene to improve outcomes: acutely, to attenuate the length and severity of an established exacerbation; in the aftermath, to prevent early recurrence and readmission, which are common, and in the long-term, establishing preventative measures that reduce the risk of future events. Acute management includes interventions such as corticosteroids or antibiotics and measures to support the respiratory system, including non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Current therapies are broad and better understanding of clinical phenotypes and biomarkers may help to establish a more tailored approach, for example in relation to antibiotic prescription. Other unmet needs include effective treatment for viruses, which commonly cause exacerbations. Preventing early recurrence and readmission to hospital is important and the benefits of interventions such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatories in this period are not established. Domiciliary NIV in those patients who are persistently hypercapnic following discharge and pulmonary rehabilitation can have a positive impact. For long-term prevention, inhaled therapy is key. Dual bronchodilators reduce exacerbation frequency but in patients with continuing exacerbations, triple therapy should be considered, especially if blood eosinophils are elevated. Other options include phosphodiesterase inhibitors and macrolide antibiotics. ECOPD are a key component of the assessment of COPD severity and future outcomes (quality of life, hospitalisations, health care resource utilization, mortality) and are a central component in pharmacological management decisions. Targeted therapies directed towards specific pathways of inflammation are being explored in exacerbation prevention, and this is a promising avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi MacLeod
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Alberto Papi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Contoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bianca Beghé
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Leonardo M Fabbri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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MacDonald DM, Kunisaki KM, Wilt TJ, Baldomero AK. Serum bilirubin and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:33. [PMID: 33472602 PMCID: PMC7816373 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant and higher serum bilirubin levels have been associated with improved COPD outcomes. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the association between serum bilirubin levels and lung function (FEV1), prevalence/incidence of COPD, acute exacerbations of COPD, respiratory health status, and mortality. METHODS MEDLINE® and Embase were searched using Ovid® (search updated October 1st, 2019). We included studies that measured serum bilirubin levels and outcomes of interest in adults with or without underlying lung disease. We excluded studies of those with liver disease or drug-induced elevations in bilirubin. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess individual study risk of bias (ROB) and the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality-Evidence Based Practice tool to assess overall strength of evidence (SOE). Two authors independently determined eligibility, performed data abstraction, assessed ROB, and determined SOE. RESULTS Thirteen studies (5 low risk of bias, 3 moderate and 5 high risk) were included. We found low strength of evidence for the association between higher bilirubin levels and lower risk of acute exacerbations of COPD (2 studies), mortality (3 studies), COPD diagnosis (4 studies), and lung function (FEV1) (8 studies). We found insufficient evidence on the relationship between serum bilirubin and respiratory health status/exercise capacity (1 study) and airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio) (4 studies). CONCLUSION Higher bilirubin levels may be associated with lower mortality and improved COPD outcomes. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate the effect of medications that raise serum bilirubin on COPD outcomes. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019145747.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M MacDonald
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Suite 350, VCRC, 401 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Ken M Kunisaki
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Suite 350, VCRC, 401 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Wilt
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research and the Section of General Medicine, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Arianne K Baldomero
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Suite 350, VCRC, 401 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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33
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Papi A, Avdeev S, Calverley PMA, Cordeiro CR, Jesenak M, Koblížek V, Petkova D, Rogliani P, Tarraf H, Tzanakis N, Ulmeanu R, Uzaslan E, Adir Y. Use of mucolytics in COPD: A Delphi consensus study. Respir Med 2020; 175:106190. [PMID: 33217537 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International guidelines recommend mucolytic agents as add-on therapy in selected patients with COPD because they may reduce exacerbations and improve health status. As the evidence varies among mucolytic agents, we used the Delphi method to assess consensus amongst an international panel of COPD experts on mucolytics use in COPD. METHODS 53 COPD experts from 12 countries were asked to complete an online questionnaire and rate their agreement with 15 statements using a 5-point scale. The mucolytic agents evaluated were carbocysteine, erdosteine and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Data were collected anonymously and consensus presented using descriptive statistics. RESULTS The 47 respondents reached consensus on the statements. They agreed that regular treatment with mucolytic agents effectively reduces the frequency of exacerbations, reduces the duration of mild-to-moderate exacerbations, and can increase the time to first exacerbation and symptom-free time in COPD patients. Consensus was consistently highest for erdosteine. The experts agreed that all three mucolytics display antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Erdosteine and NAC were thought to improve the efficacy of some classes of antibacterial drugs. All three mucolytics were considered effective for the short-term treatment of symptoms of acute exacerbations when added to other drugs. The panel agreed that approved doses of mucolytic agents have favorable side-effect profiles and can be recommended for regular use in patients with a bronchitic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Consensus findings support the wider use of mucolytic agents as add-on therapy for COPD. However, the differences in pharmacological actions and clinical effectiveness must be considered when deciding which mucolytic to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter M A Calverley
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Milos Jesenak
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Koblížek
- Pneumology Dept., University Hospital Hradec Králové, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Petkova
- Medical University Varna, Bulgaria; University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Hesham Tarraf
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Esra Uzaslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Pulmonology Dept., Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yochai Adir
- Pulmonary Division, Lady Davis-Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Li J, Ye Z. The Potential Role and Regulatory Mechanisms of MUC5AC in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194437. [PMID: 32992527 PMCID: PMC7582261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally. Studies show that airway mucus hypersecretion strongly compromises lung function, leading to frequent hospitalization and mortality, highlighting an urgent need for effective COPD treatments. MUC5AC is known to contribute to severe muco-obstructive lung diseases, worsening COPD pathogenesis. Various pathways are implicated in the aberrant MUC5AC production and secretion MUC5AC. These include signaling pathways associated with mucus-secreting cell differentiation [nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)and IL-13-STAT6- SAM pointed domain containing E26 transformation-specific transcription factor (SPDEF), as well as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)], and signaling pathways related to mucus transport and excretion-ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Various inhibitors of mucus hypersecretion are in clinical use but have had limited benefits against COPD. Thus, novel therapies targeting airway mucus hypersecretion should be developed for effective management of muco-obstructive lung disease. Here, we systematically review the mechanisms and pathogenesis of airway mucus hypersecretion, with emphasis on multi-target and multi-link intervention strategies for the elucidation of novel inhibitors of airway mucus hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Zuguang Ye
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-8425-2805
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35
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Weiss A, Porter S, Rozenberg D, O'Connor E, Lee T, Balter M, Wentlandt K. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Palliative Medicine Review of the Disease, Its Therapies, and Drug Interactions. J Pain Symptom Manage 2020; 60:135-150. [PMID: 32004618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in treatment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a chronic and progressive disease that frequently leads to premature mortality. COPD is associated with a constellation of significant symptoms, including dyspnea, cough, wheezing, pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and insomnia, and is associated with increased morbidity. Palliative care is appropriate to support these patients. However, historically, palliative care has focused on supporting patients with malignant disease, rather than progressive chronic diseases such as COPD. Therapies for COPD often result in functional and symptomatic improvements, including health-related quality of life (HRQL), and palliative care may further improve symptoms and HRQL. Provision of usual palliative care therapies for this patient population requires understanding the pathogenesis of COPD and common disease-targeted pharmacotherapies, as well as an approach to balancing life-prolonging and HRQL care strategies. This review describes COPD and current targeted therapies and their effects on symptoms, exercise tolerance, HRQL, and survival. It is important to note that medications commonly used for symptom management in palliative care can interact with COPD medications resulting in increased risk of adverse effects, enhanced toxicity, or changes in clearance of medications. To address this, we review pharmacologic interactions with and precautions related to use of COPD therapies in conjunction with commonly used palliative care medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weiss
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Palliative Care, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Porter
- Department of Pharmacy, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitry Rozenberg
- Division of Respirology and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin O'Connor
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiffany Lee
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meyer Balter
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirsten Wentlandt
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Palliative Care, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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36
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Pei Z, Sun Y, Wang S, Chen Y, Yang T, Huang K, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang C, Zhan S. Estimating mortality among inpatients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using registry data. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2020; 30:28. [PMID: 32546685 PMCID: PMC7297959 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-020-0186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics, clinical features, diagnoses, and treatments of hospitalized exacerbation COPD patients, as well as their disease prognoses and economic costs. The study planned to enroll 7600 hospitalized patients (aged ≥18 years with main diagnosis as AECOPD). Study patients were recruited since September 2017, followed up with a 3-year observing period. In the baseline visit, information on demographic characteristics, clinical features, diagnoses, and treatments were collected. In the following visits, treatments and examinations, recurrence of AECOPD, re-admission to hospital, complications, and mortality were recorded. Several validated questionnaires were applied at specific visits. This study included data from 1 September 2017 until 31 December 2022. The data would be used to estimate all-cause mortality during hospital stay, AECOPD recurrence within 1 month after discharge, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, frequency of AECOPD recurrence, lung function, life quality, healthcare costs in the study period, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcun Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Kewu Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Best-Road Medi-Tech (Beijing) Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Beijing Natureself Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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37
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Patel SD, Bono TR, Rowe SM, Solomon GM. CFTR targeted therapies: recent advances in cystic fibrosis and possibilities in other diseases of the airways. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/156/190068. [PMID: 32554756 PMCID: PMC9131734 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0068-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ion transporter that regulates mucus hydration, viscosity and acidity of the airway epithelial surface. Genetic defects in CFTR impair regulation of mucus homeostasis, causing severe defects of mucociliary clearance as seen in cystic fibrosis. Recent work has established that CFTR dysfunction can be acquired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may also contribute to other diseases that share clinical features of cystic fibrosis, such as asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and bronchiectasis. Protean causes of CFTR dysfunction have been identified including cigarette smoke exposure, toxic metals and downstream effects of neutrophil activation pathways. Recently, CFTR modulators, small molecule agents that potentiate CFTR or restore diminished protein levels at the cell surface, have been successfully developed for various CFTR gene defects, prompting interest in their use to treat diseases of acquired dysfunction. The spectrum of CFTR dysfunction, strategies for CFTR modulation, and candidate diseases for CFTR modulation beyond cystic fibrosis will be reviewed in this manuscript. CFTR dysfunction may be part of the pathophysiology of many diseases of the airways. Exploration of mechanisms of dysfunction and options for CFTR-directed therapies are examined in this article. http://bit.ly/33o6nDu
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheylan D Patel
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Taylor R Bono
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA .,The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - George M Solomon
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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38
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Anand R, McAuley DF, Blackwood B, Yap C, ONeill B, Connolly B, Borthwick M, Shyamsundar M, Warburton J, Meenen DV, Paulus F, Schultz MJ, Dark P, Bradley JM. Mucoactive agents for acute respiratory failure in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 2020; 75:623-631. [PMID: 32513777 PMCID: PMC7402561 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a common cause of admission to intensive care units (ICUs). Mucoactive agents are medications that promote mucus clearance and are frequently administered in patients with ARF, despite a lack of evidence to underpin clinical decision making. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if the use of mucoactive agents in patients with ARF improves clinical outcomes. METHODS We searched electronic and grey literature (January 2020). Two reviewers independently screened, selected, extracted data and quality assessed studies. We included trials of adults receiving ventilatory support for ARF and involving at least one mucoactive agent compared with placebo or standard care. Outcomes included duration of mechanical ventilation. Meta-analysis was undertaken using random-effects modelling and certainty of the evidence was assessed using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTS Thirteen randomised controlled trials were included (1712 patients), investigating four different mucoactive agents. Mucoactive agents showed no effect on duration of mechanical ventilation (seven trials, mean difference (MD) -1.34, 95% CI -2.97 to 0.29, I2=82%, very low certainty) or mortality, hospital stay and ventilator-free days. There was an effect on reducing ICU length of stay in the mucoactive agent groups (10 trials, MD -3.22, 95% CI -5.49 to -0.96, I2=89%, very low certainty). CONCLUSION Our findings do not support the use of mucoactive agents in critically ill patients with ARF. The existing evidence is of low quality. High-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to determine the role of specific mucoactive agents in critically ill patients with ARF. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018095408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Anand
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Bronagh Blackwood
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chee Yap
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Brenda ONeill
- Centre for Health and Rehabilitation Technologies, Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Bronwen Connolly
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark Borthwick
- Oxford Critical Care, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Murali Shyamsundar
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - John Warburton
- Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - David van Meenen
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Frederique Paulus
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands.,Mahidol University, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Paul Dark
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Judy M Bradley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Barnes PJ. Oxidative stress-based therapeutics in COPD. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101544. [PMID: 32336666 PMCID: PMC7251237 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major driving mechanism in the pathogenesis of COPD. There is increased oxidative stress in the lungs of COPD patients due to exogenous oxidants in cigarette smoke and air pollution and due to endogenous generation of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory and structural cells in the lung. Mitochondrial oxidative stress may be particularly important in COPD. There is also a reduction in antioxidant defences, with inactivation of several antioxidant enzymes and the transcription factors Nrf2 and FOXO that regulate multiple antioxidant genes. Increased systemic oxidative stress may exacerbate comorbidities and contribute to skeletal muscle weakness. Oxidative stress amplifies chronic inflammation, stimulates fibrosis and emphysema, causes corticosteroid resistance, accelerates lung aging, causes DNA damage and stimulates formation of autoantibodies. This suggests that treating oxidative stress by antioxidants or enhancing endogenous antioxidants should be an effective strategy to treat the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of COPD. Most clinical studies in COPD have been conducted using glutathione-generating antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine, carbocysteine and erdosteine, which reduce exacerbations in COPD patients, but it is not certain whether this is due to their antioxidant or mucolytic properties. Dietary antioxidants have so far not shown to be clinically effective in COPD. There is a search for more effective antioxidants, which include superoxide dismutase mimetics, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and Nrf2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, SW3 6LY, London, UK.
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40
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Wu Y, Guan S, Ge Y, Yang Y, Cao Y, Zhou J. Cigarette smoke promotes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through the miR-130a/Wnt1 axis. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104770. [PMID: 31935487 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a crucial factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Wnt/β-catenin signaling deregulation may further contribute to COPD progression. The deregulation and dysfunction of miRNAs in COPD have been reported. Investigating the deregulated miRNAs and their potential role in COPD progression may provide novel strategies for COPD treatment. In the present study, we analyzed significantly differentially-expressed miRNAs in COPD according to GSE44531 and miR-130a was selected. We revealed the upregulation of miR-130a in COPD, both in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated BEAS-2B cells and CS-exposed mice. MiR-130a negatively regulated three critical factors in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Wnt1, β-Catenin, and LEF1. MiR-130a inhibition rescued CSE-blocked activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro. MiR-130a targets WNT1 3'UTR to inhibit its expression. Moreover, in CSE-stimulated BEAS-2B cells, miR-130a overexpression aggravated, while miR-130a inhibition partially attenuated CSE-caused suppression on cell migration and proliferation. MiR-130a aggravates CSE-induced cellular injury in BEAS-2B cells by targeting Wnt signaling. In summary, miR-130a has a pathogenetic role in CS-induced COPD and regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting Wnt1. Our findings indicate that miR-130a is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CS-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Shuhong Guan
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yunqi Ge
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China.
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Chen Y, Lin L, Wu L, Xu Y, Shergis JL, Zhang AL, Wen Z, Worsnop C, Da Costa C, Thien F, Xue CC. Effect of Panax Ginseng (G115) Capsules versus Placebo on Acute Exacerbations in Patients with Moderate to Very Severe COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:671-680. [PMID: 32273696 PMCID: PMC7108704 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s236425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Herbal medicines are commonly used by people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but high quality randomized controlled trials are limited. This study evaluated the therapeutic value of ginseng capsules in reducing acute exacerbations and improving the quality of life in people with COPD. Patients and Methods This randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial assessed ginseng's effects on 200 patients with moderate to very severe COPD. Ginseng capsules (200 mg, twice per day) were compared to placebo over 24 weeks. Patients were followed up for a further 24 weeks after the treatment period. The primary outcome measure was acute COPD exacerbation rate over 12 months. Secondary outcome measures were health-related quality of life, including the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). We also assessed lung function, walking distance and use of relief medication. Results Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. The rate of COPD exacerbations was not statistically significant between groups after 1 year (62 participants in the ginseng group and 63 in the placebo group). Secondary outcome measures showed improvements after ginseng and placebo but results were not clinically significant. The incidence of adverse events in the two groups was similar and events were unrelated to the intervention. Conclusion Compared with placebo, ginseng did not reduce the rate of acute COPD exacerbations over 12 months. It was safe and well tolerated by people with moderate to very severe COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinji Xu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Johannah L Shergis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony L Zhang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zehuai Wen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christopher Worsnop
- Institute of Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cliff Da Costa
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Thien
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia, and Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlie C Xue
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Lo Bello F, Ieni A, Hansbro PM, Ruggeri P, Di Stefano A, Nucera F, Coppolino I, Monaco F, Tuccari G, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of the mucins in pathogenesis of COPD: implications for therapy. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:465-483. [PMID: 32133884 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1739525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence accumulated in the last decade has started to reveal the enormous complexity in the expression, interactions and functions of the large number of different mucins present in the different compartments of the human lower airways. This occurs both in normal subjects and in COPD patients in different clinical phases and stages of severity.Areas covered: We review the known physiological mechanisms that regulate mucin production in human lower airways of normal subjects, the changes in mucin synthesis/secretion in COPD patients and the clinical efficacy of drugs that modulate mucin synthesis/secretion.Expert opinion: It is evident that the old simplistic concept that mucus hypersecretion in COPD patients is associated with negative clinical outcomes is not valid and that the therapeutic potential of 'mucolytic drugs' is under-appreciated due to the complexity of the associated molecular network(s). Likewise, our current knowledge of the effects of the drugs already available on the market that target mucin synthesis/secretion/structure in the lower airways is extremely limited and often indirect and more well-controlled clinical trials are needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lo Bello
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale di Chirurgia Toracica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), AOU Policlinico "G.martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Minov J, Stoleski S, Petrova T, Vasilevska K, Mijakoski D, Karadzinska-Bislimovska J. Effects of a Long-Term Use of Carbocysteine on Frequency and Duration of Exacerbations in Patients with Bronchiectasis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:4030-4035. [PMID: 32165947 PMCID: PMC7061384 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure of mucus clearance in bronchiectasis can be improved by chest physiotherapy or/and mucoactive agents. AIM To assess the effects of long-term use of carbocysteine on frequency and duration of exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis. METHODS We performed an observational, non-randomized, open study (a real-life study) including 64 patients with bronchiectasis divided into two groups, examined group (EG) and control group (CG). All participants were treated with appropriate treatment for the stable disease, but in the study, subjects of EG two capsules 375 mg carbocysteine three times a day was added over three months. Daily diary cards realised collection of data regarding the occurrence and duration of exacerbation in all study subjects. RESULTS Over the study period 43 exacerbations were documented, 17 in the EG and 26 in the CG, 10 (23.4%) of which required hospital treatment (four in the EG [23.5%] and six in the CG [23.1%]). A mean number of exacerbations over the study period was significantly lower in the EG (0.5 ± 0.1) as compared to their mean number in the CG (0.8 ± 0.2) (P = 0.0000). Mean duration of exacerbations expressed in days needed for complete resolution of symptoms or return of the symptoms to their baseline severity in the EG was significantly shorter than the mean duration of exacerbations in the CG (10.1 ± 2.6 vs 12.8 ± 2.1; P = 0.0000). The frequency of adverse effects, i.e. mild gastrointestinal manifestations and headache which did not require discontinuation of the treatment, in the EG during the study period was 15.6%. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated positive effects of carbocysteine regarding the frequency and duration of exacerbations, as well as its good tolerability in the patients with bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Minov
- Institute for Occupational Health of Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Sasho Stoleski
- Institute for Occupational Health of Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Tatjana Petrova
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago State University, Chicago, USA
| | - Kristin Vasilevska
- Institute for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dragan Mijakoski
- Institute for Occupational Health of Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Calverley PM, Page C, Dal Negro RW, Fontana G, Cazzola M, Cicero AF, Pozzi E, Wedzicha JA. Effect of Erdosteine on COPD Exacerbations in COPD Patients with Moderate Airflow Limitation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:2733-2744. [PMID: 31819405 PMCID: PMC6896911 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s221852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The RESTORE study, a multi-national randomized, placebo-controlled study, showed that erdosteine - a muco-active antioxidant that modulates bacterial adhesiveness - reduced the rate and duration of exacerbations in moderate and severe COPD with a history of exacerbations. How much benefit patients with less severe disease experience when taking this drug remains unclear. Methods This post hoc analysis of the 254 RESTORE participants with spirometrically-defined moderate COPD (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] 50‒79% predicted) examined exacerbation rate and duration, time to first exacerbation, and exacerbation-free time. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparisons between treatment groups used Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, or log rank tests. Results Patients with moderate COPD received erdosteine 300 mg twice daily (n=126) or placebo (n=128) added to usual COPD therapy for 12 months. During this time, there were 53 exacerbations in the erdosteine group and 74 in the placebo group, with 42.1% and 57.8% of patients, respectively, experiencing an exacerbation. There was a 47% reduction in the mean exacerbation rate with erdosteine compared to placebo (0.27 vs 0.51 exacerbations per-patient per-year, respectively, P=0.003), and a 58.3% reduction in the mild exacerbation rate (0.23 vs 0.53 mild exacerbations per-patient per-year, P=0.001). Mean duration of exacerbations was 26% shorter in erdosteine-treated patients (9.1 vs 12.3 days for placebo, P=0.022), with significant reductions in the duration of mild and moderate-to-severe exacerbations. Mean time to first exacerbation was prolonged by 7.7% (182 days for erdosteine vs 169 days for placebo, P<0.001) and the mean exacerbation-free time was increased by 51 days (279 days for erdosteine vs 228 days for placebo; P<0.001). Conclusion These results indicate that adding erdosteine to usual COPD maintenance therapy reduces the number of mild, and duration of all, exacerbations in patients with moderate COPD and a history of exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ma Calverley
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clive Page
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - Roberto W Dal Negro
- Lung Unit, National Centre for Respiratory Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fontana
- Pulmonology Department, Cough Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Respiratory Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Arrigo F Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pozzi
- Medical Affairs Department, Edmond Pharma, Paderno, Italy
| | - Jadwiga A Wedzicha
- Respiratory Division, National Heart And Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Song Y, Wang W, Xie Y, Xiang B, Huang X, Guan W, Zheng J. Carbocisteine inhibits the expression of Muc5b in COPD mouse model. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3259-3268. [PMID: 31571828 PMCID: PMC6754527 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s198874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke (CS) results in chronic mucus hypersecretion and airway inflammation, contributing to COPD pathogenesis. Mucin 5B (MUC5B) and mucin 5 AC (MUC5AC) are major mucins implicated in COPD pathogenesis. Carbocisteine can reduce mucus viscosity and elasticity. Although carbocisteine decreased human elastase-induced MUC5AC expression in vitro and reduced MUC5AC expression that alleviated bacteria adhesion and improved mucus clearance in vivo, the roles of carbocisteine in inducing MUC5B expression in COPD remain unclear. Methods To investigate the Muc5b/Muc5ac ratio and the gene and protein levels of Muc5b in COPD and carbocisteine intervention models. C57B6J mice were used to develop COPD model by instilling intratracheally with lipopolysaccharide on days 1 and 14 and were exposed to CS for 2 hr twice a day for 12 weeks. Low and high doses of carbocisteine 112.5 and 225 mg/kg/d, respectively, given by gavage administration were applied for the treatment in COPD models for the same duration, and carboxymethylcellulose was used as control. Carbocisteine significantly attenuated inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary tissue, improved pulmonary function and protected against emphysema. Results High-dose carbocisteine significantly decreased the overproduction of Muc5b (P<0.01) and Muc5ac (P<0.001), and restored Muc5b/Muc5ac ratio in COPD model group (P<0.001). Moreover, the Muc5b/Muc5ac ratio negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and keratinocyte-derived cytokine, mean linear intercept, functional residual capacity and airway resistance, but positively correlated with dynamic compliance. Conclusions These findings suggest that carbocisteine attenuated Muc5b and Muc5ac secretion and restored Muc5b protein levels, which may improve mucus clearance in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Drug Research Institute of Guangzhou BaiYunShan Pharmaceutical General Factory, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
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Sio TT, Blanchard MJ, Novotny PJ, Patel SH, Rwigema JCM, Pederson LD, McGee LA, Gamez ME, Seeger GR, Martenson JA, Grover Y, Neben Wittich MA, Garces YI, Foote RL, Miller RC, Halyard MY. N-Acetylcysteine Rinse for Thick Secretion and Mucositis of Head and Neck Chemoradiotherapy (Alliance MC13C2): A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:1814-1824. [PMID: 31405750 PMCID: PMC6742495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether N-acetylcysteine rinse was safe and could improve thickened secretions and dry mouth during and after radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We designed a prospective pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial (Alliance MC13C2). Adult patients (age ≥18 years) were enrolled if they underwent chemoradiotherapy (≥60 Gy). Patients initiated testing rinse within 3 days of starting radiotherapy. With swish-and-spit, they received 10% N-acetylcysteine (2500 mg daily) or placebo rinse solution 5 times daily during radiotherapy and 2 weeks postradiotherapy. The primary aim was to evaluate N-acetylcysteine in improvement of saliva viscosity with the Groningen Radiotherapy-Induced Xerostomia questionnaire. Secondary aims included evaluating xerostomia improvement by the same questionnaire and with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Head and Neck-35 Questions survey and adverse-event profiles. The type I error rate was 20%. RESULTS Thirty-two patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were balanced for placebo (n=17) and N-acetylcysteine (n=15). N-acetylcysteine was better for improving sticky saliva (area under curve, P=.12). Scores of multiple secondary end points favored N-acetylcysteine, including sticky saliva daytime (P=.04), daytime and total xerostomia (both P=.02), pain (P=.18), and trouble with social eating (P=.15). Repeated measures models confirmed the findings. Taste was a major dissatisifer for N-acetylcysteine rinse; however, both testing rinses were safe and well tolerated overall. CONCLUSION Our pilot data showed that N-acetylcysteine rinse was safe and provided strong evidence of potential efficacy for improving thickened saliva and xerostomia by patient-reported outcome. A confirmatory phase 3 trial is required. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02123511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence T Sio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Miran J Blanchard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Roger Maris Cancer Center, Fargo, ND
| | - Paul J Novotny
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Samir H Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Levi D Pederson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lisa A McGee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Mauricio E Gamez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Grant R Seeger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Altru Cancer Center, Grand Forks, ND
| | | | - Yvonne Grover
- Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michelle A Neben Wittich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Robert L Foote
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert C Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Michele Y Halyard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ.
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Rogliani P, Matera MG, Page C, Puxeddu E, Cazzola M, Calzetta L. Efficacy and safety profile of mucolytic/antioxidant agents in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a comparative analysis across erdosteine, carbocysteine, and N-acetylcysteine. Respir Res 2019; 20:104. [PMID: 31133026 PMCID: PMC6537173 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date there are no head-to-head studies comparing different mucolytic/antioxidant agents. Considering the inconsistent evidence resulting from the pivotal studies on mucolytic/antioxidant agents tested in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the recent publication of Reducing Exacerbations and Symptoms by Treatment with ORal Erdosteine in COPD (RESTORE) study, we have performed a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of erdosteine 600 mg/day, carbocysteine 1500 mg/day, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 1200 mg/day in COPD. Methods A pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed to assess the efficacy of erdosteine, carbocysteine, and NAC on acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), duration of AECOPD, and hospitalization. The frequency of adverse events (AEs) was also investigated. Results Data obtained from 2753 COPD patients were extracted from 7 RCTs published between 2004 and 2017. In the pairwise meta-analysis mucolytic/antioxidant agents significantly reduced the risk of AECOPD (RR 0.74 95%CI 0.68–0.80). The network meta-analysis provided the following rank of effectiveness: erdosteine>carbocysteine>NAC. Only erdosteine reduced the risk of experiencing at least one AECOPD (P < 0.01) and the risk of hospitalization due to AECOPD (P < 0.05). Erdosteine and NAC both significantly reduced the duration of AECOPD (P < 0.01). The AEs induced by erdosteine, carbocysteine, and NAC were mild in severity and generally well tolerated. The quality of evidence of this quantitative synthesis is moderate. Conclusions The overall efficacy/safety profile of erdosteine is superior to that of both carbocysteine and NAC. Future head-to-head studies performed on the same COPD populations are needed to definitely confirm the results of this meta-analysis. Trial registration CRD42016053762.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ermanno Puxeddu
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Poole P, Sathananthan K, Fortescue R. Mucolytic agents versus placebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 5:CD001287. [PMID: 31107966 PMCID: PMC6527426 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001287.pub6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may suffer recurrent exacerbations with an increase in volume or purulence of sputum, or both. Personal and healthcare costs associated with exacerbations indicate that therapies that reduce the occurrence of exacerbations are likely to be useful. Mucolytics are oral medicines that are believed to increase expectoration of sputum by reducing its viscosity, thus making it easier to cough it up. Improved expectoration of sputum may lead to a reduction in exacerbations of COPD. OBJECTIVES Primary objective• To determine whether treatment with mucolytics reduces exacerbations and/or days of disability in patients with chronic bronchitis or COPDSecondary objectives• To assess whether mucolytics lead to improvement in lung function or quality of life• To determine frequency of adverse effects associated with use of mucolytics SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register and reference lists of articles on 12 separate occasions, most recently on 23 April 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised studies that compared oral mucolytic therapy versus placebo for at least two months in adults with chronic bronchitis or COPD. We excluded studies of people with asthma and cystic fibrosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS This review analysed summary data only, most derived from published studies. For earlier versions, one review author extracted data, which were rechecked in subsequent updates. In later versions, review authors double-checked extracted data and then entered data into RevMan 5.3 for analysis. MAIN RESULTS We added four studies for the 2019 update. The review now includes 38 trials, recruiting a total of 10,377 participants. Studies lasted between two months and three years and investigated a range of mucolytics, including N-acetylcysteine, carbocysteine, erdosteine, and ambroxol, given at least once daily. Many studies did not clearly describe allocation concealment, and we had concerns about blinding and high levels of attrition in some studies. The primary outcomes were exacerbations and number of days of disability.Results of 28 studies including 6723 participants show that receiving mucolytics may be more likely to be exacerbation-free during the study period compared to those given placebo (Peto odds ratio (OR) 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56 to 1.91; moderate-certainty evidence). However, more recent studies show less benefit of treatment than was reported in earlier studies in this review. The overall number needed to treat with mucolytics for an average of nine months to keep an additional participant free from exacerbations was eight (NNTB 8, 95% CI 7 to 10). High heterogeneity was noted for this outcome (I² = 62%), so results need to be interpreted with caution. The type or dose of mucolytic did not seem to alter the effect size, nor did the severity of COPD, including exacerbation history. Longer studies showed smaller effects of mucolytics than were reported in shorter studies.Mucolytic use was associated with a reduction of 0.43 days of disability per participant per month compared with use of placebo (95% CI -0.56 to -0.30; studies = 9; I² = 61%; moderate-certainty evidence). With mucolytics, the number of people with one or more hospitalisations was reduced, but study results were not consistent (Peto OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.89; participants = 1788; studies = 4; I² = 58%; moderate-certainty evidence). Investigators reported improved quality of life with mucolytics (mean difference (MD) -1.37, 95% CI -2.85 to 0.11; participants = 2721; studies = 7; I² = 64%; moderate-certainty evidence). However, the mean difference did not reach the minimal clinically important difference of -4 units, and the confidence interval includes no difference. Mucolytic treatment was associated with a possible reduction in adverse events (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.94; participants = 7264; studies = 24; I² = 46%; moderate-certainty evidence), but the pooled effect includes no difference if a random-effects model is used. Several studies that could not be included in the meta-analysis reported high numbers of adverse events, up to a mean of five events per person during follow-up. There was no clear difference between mucolytics and placebo for mortality, but the confidence interval is too wide to confirm that treatment has no effect on mortality (Peto OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.87; participants = 3527; studies = 11; I² = 0%; moderate-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In participants with chronic bronchitis or COPD, we are moderately confident that treatment with mucolytics leads to a small reduction in the likelihood of having an acute exacerbation, in days of disability per month and possibly hospitalisations, but is not associated with an increase in adverse events. There appears to be limited impact on lung function or health-related quality of life. Results are too imprecise to be certain whether or not there is an effect on mortality. Our confidence in the results is reduced by high levels of heterogeneity in many of the outcomes and the fact that effects on exacerbations shown in early trials were larger than those reported by more recent studies. This may be a result of greater risk of selection or publication bias in earlier trials, thus benefits of treatment may not be as great as was suggested by previous evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillippa Poole
- University of AucklandDepartment of MedicinePrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Kavin Sathananthan
- St George's, University of LondonPopulation Health Research InstituteLondonUK
| | - Rebecca Fortescue
- St George's, University of LondonCochrane Airways, Population Health Research InstituteLondonUKSW17 0RE
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Yu XQ, Yang SG, Li H, Xie Y, Li JS, Zhang P. Preliminary Study to Evaluate Three Different Treatments on Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Based on Markov Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6478926. [PMID: 31118965 PMCID: PMC6500607 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6478926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the costs and utilities of different treatment strategies for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients based on Markov model and provides guidance for clinical decision and health policy making. Patients with stable COPD from four subcenters had been investigated. A Markov model with three states, namely, GOLD 1-2, GOLD 3-4, and death, was built using TreeAge Pro 2011 software. Cost-utility ratio (CUR) and incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) from forty Markov circles were applied to measuring the economics evaluation of three different treatments. A total of 236 stable COPD patients were randomly assigned into three groups, Western medicine group (79 cases), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (79 cases), and combined group (78 cases). The results of Markov cohort simulation showed that the accumulative quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of the three above groups per 100 000 people in 40 years were 1 702 773, 1 616 797, and 1 709 668 years, respectively, and the accumulative costs were 13 582 138 466, 1 207 904 113, and 14 656 607 371 Yuan, respectively. The CURs of the three groups were 87 235, 74 602, and 87 223 Yuan/QALY, respectively. ICURs of combined group were 8 707 and 41 705 Yuan as against Western medicine group and TCM group, respectively. Therefore, combined treatment has a lower cost, higher health output, and more socioeconomic benefits in the long run. Markov model is recommended to conduct health economics evaluation of different treatments for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-qing Yu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Ren-min Road 19, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Shu-guang Yang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Jin-shui East Road 156, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Ren-min Road 19, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Ren-min Road 19, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Jian-sheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Ren-min Road 19, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province, Fu-niu Road 198, Zhengzhou, Henan 450006, China
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Current Controversies in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Report from the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Scientific Committee. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2019; 16:29-39. [DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201808-557ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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