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Richardson C, Gilbert T, Aslam S, Brookes CL, Singh A, Newby DE, Dweck MR, Stewart RAH, Myles PS, Briffa T, Selvanayagam J, Chow CK, Murphy GJ, Akowuah EF, Lord J, Barber S, Paola ASD, McCann GP, Hillis GS. Rationale and design of the early valve replacement in severe asymptomatic aortic stenosis trial. Am Heart J 2024; 275:119-127. [PMID: 38821453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis is controversial. The Early valve replacement in severe ASYmptomatic Aortic Stenosis (EASY-AS) trial aims to determine whether early aortic valve replacement improves clinical outcomes, quality of life and cost-effectiveness compared to a guideline recommended strategy of 'watchful waiting'. METHODS In a pragmatic international, open parallel group randomized controlled trial (NCT04204915), 2844 patients with severe aortic stenosis will be randomized 1:1 to either a strategy of early (surgical or transcatheter) aortic valve replacement or aortic valve replacement only if symptoms or impaired left ventricular function develop, or other cardiac surgery becomes nessessary. Exclusion criteria include other severe valvular disease, planned cardiac surgery, ejection fraction <50%, previous aortic valve replacement or life expectancy <2 years. The primary outcome is a composite of cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization. The primary analysis will be undertaken when 663 primary events have accrued, providing 90% power to detect a reduction in the primary endpoint from 27.7% to 21.6% (hazard ratio 0.75). Secondary endpoints include disability-free survival, days alive and out of hospital, major adverse cardiovascular events and quality of life. RESULTS Recruitment commenced in March 2020 and is open in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Serbia. Feasibility requirements were met in July 2022, and the main phase opened in October 2022, with additional international centers in set-up. CONCLUSIONS The EASY-AS trial will establish whether a strategy of early aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis reduces cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization and improves other important outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Richardson
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tom Gilbert
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Saadia Aslam
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Anvesha Singh
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ralph A H Stewart
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul S Myles
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom Briffa
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joseph Selvanayagam
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gavin J Murphy
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Enoch F Akowuah
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Joanne Lord
- Southampton Health Technology Assessments Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shaun Barber
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Gerry P McCann
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Graham S Hillis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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Han D, Zhou T, Li L, Ma Y, Chen S, Yang C, Ma N, Song M, Zhang S, Wu J, Cao F, Wang Y. AVCAPIR: A Novel Procalcific PIWI-Interacting RNA in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Circulation 2024; 149:1578-1597. [PMID: 38258575 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcification of the aortic valve leads to increased leaflet stiffness and consequently results in the development of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of calcification remain unclear. Here, we identified a novel aortic valve calcification-associated PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA; AVCAPIR) that increases valvular calcification and promotes CAVD progression. METHODS Using piRNA sequencing, we identified piRNAs contributing to the pathogenesis of CAVD that we termed AVCAPIRs. High-cholesterol diet-fed ApoE-/- mice with AVCAPIR knockout were used to examine the role of AVCAPIR in aortic valve calcification (AVC). Gain- and loss-of-function assays were conducted to determine the role of AVCAPIR in the induced osteogenic differentiation of human valvular interstitial cells. To dissect the mechanisms underlying AVCAPIR-elicited procalcific effects, we performed various analyses, including an RNA pulldown assay followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, and RNA sequencing. RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to study piRNA interactions with proteins. RESULTS We found that AVCAPIR was significantly upregulated during AVC and exhibited potential diagnostic value for CAVD. AVCAPIR deletion markedly ameliorated AVC in high-cholesterol diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, as shown by reduced thickness and calcium deposition in the aortic valve leaflets, improved echocardiographic parameters (decreased peak transvalvular jet velocity and mean transvalvular pressure gradient, as well as increased aortic valve area), and diminished levels of osteogenic markers (Runx2 and Osterix) in aortic valves. These results were confirmed in osteogenic medium-induced human valvular interstitial cells. Using unbiased protein-RNA screening and molecular validation, we found that AVCAPIR directly interacts with FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein), subsequently blocking its N6-methyladenosine demethylase activity. Further transcriptomic and N6-methyladenosine modification epitranscriptomic screening followed by molecular validation confirmed that AVCAPIR hindered FTO-mediated demethylation of CD36 mRNA transcripts, thus enhancing CD36 mRNA stability through the N6-methyladenosine reader IGF2BP1 (insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1). In turn, the AVCAPIR-dependent increase in CD36 stabilizes its binding partner PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9), a procalcific gene, at the protein level, which accelerates the progression of AVC. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel piRNA that induced AVC through an RNA epigenetic mechanism and provide novel insights into piRNA-directed theranostics in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (D.H., T.Z., S.C., C.Y., J.W., Y.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (D.H., Y.M., F.C.)
| | - Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (D.H., T.Z., S.C., C.Y., J.W., Y.W.)
| | - Lifu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou China (L.L.)
| | - Yan Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (D.H., Y.M., F.C.)
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (D.H., T.Z., S.C., C.Y., J.W., Y.W.)
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (D.H., T.Z., S.C., C.Y., J.W., Y.W.)
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (C.Y.)
| | - Ning Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, China (N.M.)
| | - Moshi Song
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (M.S.)
| | - Shaoshao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (S.Z.)
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (D.H., T.Z., S.C., C.Y., J.W., Y.W.)
| | - Feng Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (D.H., Y.M., F.C.)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (D.H., T.Z., S.C., C.Y., J.W., Y.W.)
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Tamadon I, Sadati SMH, Mamone V, Ferrari V, Bergeles C, Menciassi A. Semiautonomous Robotic Manipulator for Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement. IEEE T ROBOT 2023; 39:4500-4519. [PMID: 38249319 PMCID: PMC7615540 DOI: 10.1109/tro.2023.3315966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Aortic valve surgery is the preferred procedure for replacing a damaged valve with an artificial one. The ValveTech robotic platform comprises a flexible articulated manipulator and surgical interface supporting the effective delivery of an artificial valve by teleoperation and endoscopic vision. This article presents our recent work on force-perceptive, safe, semiautonomous navigation of the ValveTech platform prior to valve implantation. First, we present a force observer that transfers forces from the manipulator body and tip to a haptic interface. Second, we demonstrate how hybrid forward/inverse mechanics, together with endoscopic visual servoing, lead to autonomous valve positioning. Benchtop experiments and an artificial phantom quantify the performance of the developed robot controller and navigator. Valves can be autonomously delivered with a 2.0±0.5 mm position error and a minimal misalignment of 3.4±0.9°. The hybrid force/shape observer (FSO) algorithm was able to predict distributed external forces on the articulated manipulator body with an average error of 0.09 N. FSO can also estimate loads on the tip with an average accuracy of 3.3%. The presented system can lead to better patient care, delivery outcome, and surgeon comfort during aortic valve surgery, without requiring sensorization of the robot tip, and therefore obviating miniaturization constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadyar Tamadon
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands, and also with the BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - S. M. Hadi Sadati
- Robotics and Vision Department in Medicine Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, SE17EU London, U.K
| | - Virginia Mamone
- Department of Computer Science and the EndoCAS Center for Computer-Assisted Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ferrari
- Department of Computer Science and the EndoCAS Center for Computer-Assisted Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Christos Bergeles
- Robotics and Vision Department in Medicine Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, SE17EU London, U.K
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
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Eide LSP, Fridlund B, Hufthammer KO, Haaverstad R, Packer EJS, Ranhoff AH, Thompson DR, Norekvål TM. Anxiety and depression in patients aged 80 years and older following aortic valve therapy. A six-month follow-up study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2463-2470. [PMID: 37648928 PMCID: PMC10628009 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about mental health following advanced cardiac procedures in the oldest patients. AIMS To study changes in anxiety and depression from baseline to one- and six-month follow-up in older patients following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). METHODS Prospective cohort study of patients ≥ 80 years undergoing elective TAVI or SAVR in a tertiary university hospital. Anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Differences between TAVI/SAVR were analyzed using Welch's t test or chi-squared. Changes over time and group differences were established with longitudinal models using generalized least squares. RESULTS In 143 patients (83.5 ± 2.7 years), 46% (n = 65) received TAVI. Anxiety was identified in 11% of TAVI patients at baseline. One- and six-months later, percentages were 8% and 9%. In SAVR patients, 18% had baseline scores indicating anxiety. One and six-months later, percentages were 11% and 9%. Depression was identified in 15% of TAVI patients. One- and six-months later, percentages were 11% and 17%. At baseline, 11% of SAVR patients had scores indicating depression. One- and six-months after SAVR, percentages were 15% and 12%. Longitudinal analyses showed reductions (P < 0.001) in anxiety from baseline to one-month, and stable scores between one- and six-months for both treatment groups. There was no change over time for depression among treatment groups (P = 0.21). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS SAVR or TAVI in patients ≥ 80 years was associated with anxiety reduction between baseline and follow-up. For depression, there was no evidence of change over time in either treatment group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S P Eide
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, Post Box 7030, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Bengt Fridlund
- Centre of Interprofessional Cooperation within Emergency Care (CICE), Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Rune Haaverstad
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik J S Packer
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette H Ranhoff
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Kavli Research Center for Geriatrics and Dementia, Haraldsplass Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - David R Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tone M Norekvål
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, Post Box 7030, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Liu X, Li T, Sun J, Wang Z. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1571-1580. [PMID: 37516250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), which is involved in osteogenic reprogramming of valvular interstitial cells, is the most common form of valve disease. It still lacks effective pharmacologic intervention, as its cellular biological mechanisms remain unclear. Congenital abnormality (bicuspid valve) and older age are considered to be the most powerful risk factors for CAVD. Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) and calcific aortic stenosis (CAS), 2 subclinical forms of CAVD, represent 2 distinct stages of aortic valve calcification. During the AVS stage, the disease is characterised by endothelial activation/damage, inflammatory response, and lipid infiltration accompanied by microcalcification. The CAS stage is dominated by calcification, resulting in valvular dysfunction and severe obstruction to cardiac outflow, which is life threatening if surgery is not performed in time. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a state in which conditions disrupting ER homeostasis cause an accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, has been shown to promote osteogenic differentiation and aortic valve calcification. Therefore, identifying targets or drugs for suppressing ER stress may be a novel approach for CAVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Medicial Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengjun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Zhang X, Huang X, Peng Y, Huang L, Lin L, Chen L, Lin Y. Mediating effects of general self-efficacy on social support and quality of life in patients after surgical aortic valve replacement. Nurs Open 2023; 10:6935-6944. [PMID: 37475145 PMCID: PMC10495726 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore whether general self-efficacy can mediate the relationship between social support and quality of life in patients after surgical aortic valve replacement. DESIGN A cross-sectional design. METHODS The final analysis included 283 patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement from May 2021 to September 2021. They completed a set of questionnaires, including the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Chinese Questionnaire of Quality of life in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases and the Social Support Rating Scale. The PROCESS Macro in SPSS was used to analyse the mediating effect. RESULTS Quality of life and all of its dimensions were significantly related to social support and general self-efficacy. A significant indirect effect of social support existed through general self-efficacy in relation to quality of life with the mediation effect ratio of 32.82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecui Zhang
- The School of NursingFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xizhen Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Department of Nursing, Union HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Long Huang
- The School of NursingFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Lingyu Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Liangwan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University, Fujian Province UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yanjuan Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of Nursing, Union HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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Lyu T, Liu Y, Li B, Xu R, Guo J, Zhu D. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals cellular heterogeneity and macrophage-to-mesenchymal transition in bicuspid calcific aortic valve disease. Biol Direct 2023; 18:35. [PMID: 37391760 PMCID: PMC10311753 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent congenital valvular heart defect, and around 50% of severe isolated calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) cases are associated with BAV. Although previous studies have demonstrated the cellular heterogeneity of aortic valves, the cellular composition of specific BAV at the single-cell level remains unclear. METHODS Four BAV specimens from aortic valve stenosis patients were collected to conduct single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). In vitro experiments were performed to further validate some phenotypes. RESULTS The heterogeneity of stromal cells and immune cells were revealed based on comprehensive analysis. We identified twelve subclusters of VICs, four subclusters of ECs, six subclusters of lymphocytes, six subclusters of monocytic cells and one cluster of mast cells. Based on the detailed cell atlas, we constructed a cellular interaction network. Several novel cell types were identified, and we provided evidence for established mechanisms on valvular calcification. Furthermore, when exploring the monocytic lineage, a special population, macrophage derived stromal cells (MDSC), was revealed to be originated from MRC1+ (CD206) macrophages (Macrophage-to-Mesenchymal transition, MMT). FOXC1 and PI3K-AKT pathway were identified as potential regulators of MMT through scRNA analysis and in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS With an unbiased scRNA-seq approach, we identified a full spectrum of cell populations and a cellular interaction network in stenotic BAVs, which may provide insights for further research on CAVD. Notably, the exploration on mechanism of MMT might provide potential therapeutic targets for bicuspid CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lyu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binglin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jianghong Guo
- The Rugao People's Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Nantong University, Rugao, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang C, Xie Y, Zhang H, Yang P, Zhang Y, Lu C, Liu Y, Wang H, Xu Z, Hu J. Sutureless vs. rapid-deployment valve: a systemic review and meta-analysis for a direct comparison of intraoperative performance and clinical outcomes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1123487. [PMID: 37255707 PMCID: PMC10225698 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1123487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sutureless and rapid-deployment valves are bioprostheses anchoring within the aortic annulus with few sutures, and they act as a hybrid of conventional surgical and transcatheter valves under aortic valve replacement. Considering that the 3F Enable valve is now off-market, the only two sutureless and rapid-deployment valves available on the world marketplace are the Perceval and Intuity valves. However, a direct comparison of the function of these two valves eludes researchers. Purpose Against this background, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the intraoperative performance and early clinical outcomes between the Perceval valve and the Intuity valve under sutureless and rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement. Methods We systematically searched electronic databases through PubMed/MEDLINE, OvidWeb, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (from the establishment of the database to November 17, 2022, without language restriction) for studies comparing the sutureless valve (the Perceval) and the rapid-deployment valve (the Intuity) under aortic valve replacement. Our primary outcomes were early mortality and postoperative transvalvular pressure gradients. The secondary outcomes were defined to include aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass time, paravalvular leak (any paravalvular leak, moderate-to-severe paravalvular leak) after aortic valve replacement, need for pacemaker implantation, postoperative neurological events (stroke), and intensive care unit stay. Results This meta-analysis included ten non-randomized trials with 3,526 patients enrolled (sutureless group = 1,772 and rapid-deployment group = 1,754). Quality assessments were performed, with the mean scores of the studies reading 6.90 (SD = 0.99) out of 9 according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Compared with rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement, sutureless aortic valve replacement was associated with higher mean and peak transvalvular pressure gradients postoperatively. In contrast, aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary time were needed less in sutureless aortic valve replacement vs. rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement. There was no evidence of significant publication bias observed by the funnel plot and Egger's test. Conclusions For postoperative hemodynamics, sutureless aortic valve replacement was associated with increased mean and peak transvalvular pressure gradients compared with rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement. In sharp contrast, sutureless aortic valve replacement significantly reduced the amount of time needed for fixing the aortic cross-clamp and the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022343884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guang'an Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guang'an, Sichuan, China
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Ghiasvand H, Khaleghparast S, Kachoueian N, Tirgarfakheri K, Mortazian M, Toloueitabar Y, Gorjipour F, Naghdi S. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation against conventional aortic valve replacement surgery in high-risk patients with aortic stenosis; a cost-effectiveness analysis. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36595100 PMCID: PMC9808935 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-022-00411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis is a prevalent heart valvular disorder in Iran. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR) are two common procedures for treating the disease in the current clinical pathway. However, TAVI is an expensive procedure, and for Iran with severe limitations in financial resources, it is crucial to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the technology against other competing alternatives with the same purpose. This study aims to analyse the cost-effectiveness of TAVI vs SAVR in elderly patients who are at a higher risk of surgery. METHODS This study is a decision economic evaluation modeling, with a lifetime horizon and a healthcare payer (health insurer) perspective. The utility values are from a previous study, transitional probabilities come from an established clinical trial called PARTNER-1, and the unit costs are from Iran's national fee schedule for medical services. The probabilistic and one-way sensitivity analyses have been performed to mitigate the uncertainty. RESULTS The incremental cost, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness ratio for the base case were: 368,180,101 Iranian Rial, (US$ 1,473), 0.37 QALY-per-patient, and, 995,081,354 Iranian Rial (US$ 3,980), respectively. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis yielded 981,765,302 I.R.I Rials (US$ 3,927) per patient for the ICER. The probability of being cost-effective at one and three times the country's Gross Domestic Production (GDP) is 0.31 and 0.83, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TAVI does not seem a cost-effective procedure in comparison with SAVR at the current willingness to pay thresholds of the country. However, by increasing the WTP threshold to 3 times the GDP per capita the probability of being cost-effective will raise to 83%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Ghiasvand
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Shiva Khaleghparast
- Cardiovascular Nursing Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Kachoueian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Tirgarfakheri
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mortazian
- AJA University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Toloueitabar
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Gorjipour
- Iranian Scientific Society of Extracorporeal Technology, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyran Naghdi
- National Center for Health Insurance Research, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Pun-García A, Clemente-Moragón A, Villena-Gutierrez R, Gómez M, Sanz-Rosa D, Díaz-Guerra A, Prados B, Medina JP, Montó F, Ivorra MD, Márquez-López C, Cannavo A, Bernal JA, Koch WJ, Fuster V, de la Pompa JL, Oliver E, Ibanez B. Beta-3 adrenergic receptor overexpression reverses aortic stenosis-induced heart failure and restores balanced mitochondrial dynamics. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:62. [PMID: 36445563 PMCID: PMC9708808 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). There is a lack of therapies able to prevent/revert AS-induced HF. Beta3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) signaling is beneficial in several forms of HF. Here, we studied the potential beneficial effect of β3AR overexpression on AS-induced HF. Selective β3AR stimulation had a positive inotropic effect. Transgenic mice constitutively overexpressing human β3AR in the heart (c-hβ3tg) were protected from the development of HF in response to induced AS, and against cardiomyocyte mitochondrial dysfunction (fragmented mitochondria with remodeled cristae and metabolic reprogramming featuring altered substrate use). Similar beneficial effects were observed in wild-type mice inoculated with adeno-associated virus (AAV9) inducing cardiac-specific overexpression of human β3AR before AS induction. Moreover, AAV9-hβ3AR injection into wild-type mice at late disease stages, when cardiac hypertrophy and metabolic reprogramming are already advanced, reversed the HF phenotype and restored balanced mitochondrial dynamics, demonstrating the potential of gene-therapy-mediated β3AR overexpression in AS. Mice with cardiac specific ablation of Yme1l (cYKO), characterized by fragmented mitochondria, showed an increased mortality upon AS challenge. AAV9-hβ3AR injection in these mice before AS induction reverted the fragmented mitochondria phenotype and rescued them from death. In conclusion, our results step out that β3AR overexpression might have translational potential as a therapeutic strategy in AS-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Pun-García
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Clemente-Moragón
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Villena-Gutierrez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sanz-Rosa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Díaz-Guerra
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Prados
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Medina
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermí Montó
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, ERI BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Ivorra
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, ERI BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Cristina Márquez-López
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Juan A Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Akbaba A, Erünal M, Ozdamar H, Mert H, Dursun H, Kaya D. Determination of the Fear of COVID-19 and the Quality of Life of Patients With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implants During the Pandemic. Clin Nurs Res 2022; 31:1422-1430. [PMID: 35676892 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the fear of COVID-19 and the quality of life of patients with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) during the pandemic. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 132 TAVI patients. Data were collected using a patient information form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D). The mean FCV-19S score of the patients was 17.37 ± 6.12. The mean EQ-5D index score was 0.56 ± 0.37 and the mean VAS score was 65.5 ± 11.5. As per the dimensions of the EQ-5D index, 75% of the patients had mobility problems. According to the logistic regression analysis results, mobility was the most affected parameter, as demonstrated by the worsening in symptoms during the pandemic (odds ratio: 7.370, 95% CI [2.183, 24.881]). The patients with TAVI had a moderate level of fear associated with COVID-19, and the pandemic negatively affected their quality of life.
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12
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Upregulation of miR-664a-3p Ameliorates Calcific Aortic Valve Disease by Inhibiting the BMP2 Signaling Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2074356. [PMID: 36246570 PMCID: PMC9568341 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2074356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a complex process of ectopic calcification involving various factors that lead to aortic valve stenosis, hemodynamic changes, and, in severe cases, even sudden death. Currently, aortic valve replacement is the only effective method. The osteogenic differentiation of aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) is one of the key factors of valve calcification. Emerging evidence suggests that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can induce the proosteogenic activation of AVICs. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying this activation in AVICs is unclear. In the present study, we elucidated through high-throughput RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR that miR-664a-3p was evidently downregulated in the calcific aortic valve. We also proved that miR-664a-3p was involved in regulating osteogenic differentiation in AVICs. Target prediction analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that miR-664a-3p is preferentially bound to BMP2. Furthermore, the effect of the miR-664a-3p/BMP2 axis on osteogenic differentiation in AVICs was examined using the gain- and loss-of-function approach. Finally, we constructed a mouse CAVD model and verified the effect of the miR-664a-3p/BMP2 axis on the aortic valve calcification leaflets in vivo. In conclusion, miR-664a-3p regulates osteogenic differentiation in AVICs through negative regulation of BMP2, highlighting that miR-664a-3p may be a potential therapeutic target for CAVD.
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13
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Stewart S, Afoakwah C, Chan YK, Strom JB, Playford D, Strange GA. Counting the cost of premature mortality with progressively worse aortic stenosis in Australia: a clinical cohort study. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2022; 3:e599-e606. [PMID: 36102774 PMCID: PMC9484033 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis is the most common cardiac valve disorder requiring clinical management. However, there is little evidence on the societal cost of progressive aortic stenosis. We sought to quantify the societal burden of premature mortality associated with progressively worse aortic stenosis. METHODS In this observational clinical cohort study, we examined echocardiograms on native aortic valves of 98 565 men and 99 357 women aged 65 years or older across 23 sites in Australia, from Jan 1, 2003, to Dec 31, 2017. Individuals were grouped according to their peak aortic valve velocity in 0·50 m/s increments up to 4·00 m/s or more (severe aortic stenosis), using 1·00-1·99 m/s (no aortic stenosis) as the reference group. Sex-specific premature mortality and years of life lost during a 5-year follow-up were calculated, along with willingness-to-pay to regain quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). FINDINGS Overall, 20 701 (21·0%) men and 18 576 (18·7%) women had evidence of mild-to-severe aortic stenosis. The actual 5-year mortality in men with normal aortic valves was 32·1% and in women was 26·1%, increasing to 40·9% (mild aortic stenosis) and 52·2% (severe aortic stenosis) in men and to 35·9% (mild aortic stenosis) and 55·3% (severe aortic stenosis) in women. Overall, the estimated societal cost of premature mortality associated with aortic stenosis was AU$629 million in men and $735 million in women. Per 1000 men and women investigated, aortic stenosis was associated with eight more premature deaths in men resulting in 32·5 more QALYs lost (societal cost of $1·40 million) and 12 more premature deaths in women resulting in 57·5 more QALYs lost (societal cost of $2·48 million) when compared with those without aortic stenosis. INTERPRETATION Any degree of aortic stenosis in older individuals is associated with premature mortality and QALYs. In this context, there is a crucial need for cost-effective strategies to promptly detect and optimally manage this common condition within our ageing populations. FUNDING Edwards LifeSciences, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stewart
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Clifford Afoakwah
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yih-Kai Chan
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jordan B Strom
- Richard A And Susan F Smith Centre for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Playford
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Strange
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Kang Y, Yang ZX, Liu LL, Kong H, Wang H, Dong W, Bai L, Wang J, Sun ZJ, Zhang J, Li J, Guo YQ, Zhang Q. ARNI or ARB Treats Residual Left Ventricular Remodelling after Surgery for Valvular Regurgitation: ReReRe study protocol. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3585-3592. [PMID: 35822565 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with persistent or de novo left ventricular (LV) dilation and/or reduced ejection fraction (EF) after correction for primary aortic (AR) or mitral (MR) regurgitation (i.e. residual LV remodelling) have not been well studied with regard to guideline-directed medical therapy after successful aetiology-reversing surgery. We aim to (i) compare the effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan vs. valsartan in promoting LV reverse remodelling and (ii) explore the safety of medication withdrawal after LV recovery. METHODS AND RESULTS The ReReRe study is a multicentre, randomized, open-label, parallel trial that consists of two consecutive parts. A total of 371 patients with an LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) > 60 mm or LVEF < 50%, assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) 7-14 days after valve surgery for significant AR or primary MR will be enrolled. The 1st randomization into the sacubitril/valsartan or valsartan groups and structured follow-up (1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after randomization) will be conducted to observe the primary objective as the rate of complete recovery of LV remodelling (i.e. LVEDD < 55 mm and LVEF ≥ 60% by TTE at two consecutive visits). Those who have complete recovery of LV remodelling will be enrolled in Study Part 2; consequently, they will receive the 2nd randomization into the medication withdrawal or maintenance group and 6-monthly visits for the observation of the primary objective as the rate of LV remodelling relapse (LVEDD > 60 mm or LVEF < 50%). The secondary objectives include the rate of composite clinical outcomes and the degree of change in 6-min walk distance and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores. CONCLUSIONS The ReReRe study will provide new evidence for the treatment of patients with residual LV remodelling after curable unloaded surgery, as well as the duration of treatment. The study results will fill the gap in identifying an appropriate medical therapy regimen for this group of patients and perhaps for those with reversible aetiologies of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Kong
- The Heart Failure Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Wang C, Han J, Liu M, Huang Y, Zhou T, Jiang N, Hui H, Xu K. RNA-sequencing of human aortic valves identifies that miR-629-3p and TAGLN miRNA-mRNA pair involving in calcified aortic valve disease. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:819-831. [PMID: 35776288 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to uncover the microRNA and messenger RNA (miRNA/mRNA) interactions in the pathophysiological process of calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD) of the human aortic valve. RNA sequencing of six selected samples (3 healthy control samples vs. 3 CAVD samples) was performed to obtain mRNA and miRNA sequences, and differential expression (DE) analysis of miRNA and mRNAs was performed. To build a CAVD-specific miRNA-mRNA interactome, the upregulated mRNAs and downregulated miRNAs were selected, followed by the establishment of inverse DE of mRNA-miRNA co-expression network based on Pearson's correlation coefficient using miRanda in the R language software. Subsequently, pathway enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate CAVD-related pathways that were likely mediated by miRNA regulatory mechanisms. In addition, miRNAs with an mRNA correlation greater than 0.9 in the co-expression network were selected for anti-calcification verification in a CAVD cellular model. We identified 216 mRNAs (99 downregulated and 117 upregulated) and 602 miRNAs (371 downregulated and 231 upregulated) that were differentially expressed between CAVD and healthy aortic valves. After applying Pearson's correlation toward miRNA-mRNA targets, a regulatory network of 67 miRNAs targeting 76 mRNAs was created. The subsequent pathway enrichment analysis of these targeted mRNAs elucidated that genes within the focal adhesion pathway are likely mediated by miRNA regulatory mechanisms. The selected hsa-miR-629-3p and TAGLN pair exhibited anti-calcification effects on osteogenic differentiation-induced human aortic valve interstitial cells (hVICs). On integrating the miRNA and mRNA sequencing data for healthy aortic valves and those with CAVD, the CAVD-associated miRNA-mRNA interactome and related pathways were elucidated. Additional cell function data demonstrated anti-calcification effects of the selected hsa-miR-629-3p targeting TAGLN, validating that it is a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Juanjuan Han
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuming Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Haipeng Hui
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Kang Xu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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16
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Luo J, Wang S, Liu X, Zheng Q, Wang Z, Huang Y, Shi J. Galectin-3 promotes calcification of human aortic valve interstitial cells via the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2022; 12:196-207. [PMID: 35433352 PMCID: PMC9011093 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-21-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an active pathobiological process that takes place at the cellular and molecular levels. It involves fibrosis and calcification of aortic valve leaflets, which eventually contributes to heart failure. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is involved in myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. Our study aimed to explore how Gal-3 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valve interstitial cells (hVICs) along with elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS To determine the Gal-3 expression in this study, we included the blood samples and aortic valves (AVs) from patients with CAVD (n=20) and normal controls (n=20). The hVICs were stimulated by Osteogenic medium (OM) and were treated with or without recombinant human Gal-3. Calcified transformation of hVICs was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and osteogenic gene/protein expression. RNA-sequencing was performed for all different treatments to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) along with exploring the enriched pathways for potential molecular targets of Gal-3. The targets were further detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Gal-3 levels were found to be significantly increased in CAVD patients. Treatment of valve interstitial cells (VICs) with Gal-3 led to a marked increase in Runx2 and ALP-mRNA/protein expression levels as well as calcification. Gene expression profiles of hVICs cultured with or without Gal-3 revealed 79 upregulated genes and 82 down-regulated genes, which were highly enriched in TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, Gal-3 could activate the phosphorylation of IκBα and interfere with the translocation of p65 into the cell nucleus of hVICs. However, inhibition of this pathway can suppress the osteogenic differentiation by Gal-3. CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 acts as a positive regulator of osteogenic differentiation by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway in hVICs. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the critical role of Gal-3 in the CAVD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuming Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Pietrasanta L, Zheng S, De Marinis D, Hasler D, Obrist D. Characterization of Turbulent Flow Behind a Transcatheter Aortic Valve in Different Implantation Positions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:804565. [PMID: 35097022 PMCID: PMC8794584 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.804565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of turbulence after transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) implantation may have detrimental effects on the long-term performance and durability of the valves. The characterization of turbulent flow generated after TAV implantation can provide fundamental insights to enhance implantation techniques. A self-expandable TAV was tested in a pulse replicator and the three-dimensional flow field was extracted by means of tomographic particle image velocimetry. The valve was fixed inside a silicone phantom mimicking the aortic root and the flow field was studied for two different supra-annular axial positions at peak systole. Fluctuating velocities and turbulent kinetic energy were compared between the two implantations. Velocity spectra were derived at different spatial positions in the turbulent wakes to characterize the turbulent flow. The valve presented similar overall flow topology but approximately 8% higher turbulent intensity in the lower implantation. In this configuration, axial views of the valve revealed smaller opening area and more corrugated leaflets during systole, as well as more accentuated pinwheeling during diastole. The difference arose from a lower degree of expansion of the TAV's stent inside the aortic lumen. These results suggest that the degree of expansion of the TAV in-situ is related to the onset of turbulence and that a smaller and less regular opening area might introduce flow instabilities that could be detrimental for the long-term performance of the valve. The present study highlights how implantation mismatches may affect the structure and intensity of the turbulent flow in the aortic root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pietrasanta
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Pietrasanta
| | - Shaokai Zheng
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dario De Marinis
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Meccanica Matematica e Management, Centro di Eccellenza in Meccanica Computazionale, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - David Hasler
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Obrist
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Bian W, Wang Z, Sun C, Zhang DM. Pathogenesis and Molecular Immune Mechanism of Calcified Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:765419. [PMID: 35004882 PMCID: PMC8734655 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.765419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD) was previously regarded as a passive process associated with valve degeneration and calcium deposition. However, recent studies have shown that the occurrence of CAVD is an active process involving complex changes such as endothelial injury, chronic inflammation, matrix remodeling, and neovascularization. CAVD is the ectopic accumulation of calcium nodules on the surface of the aortic valve, which leads to aortic valve thickening, functional stenosis, and ultimately hemodynamic disorders. CAVD has become an important cause of death from cardiovascular disease. The discovery of therapeutic targets to delay or block the progression of CAVD and the clinical application of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of CAVD. This article summarizes the pathogenesis of CAVD and provides insight into the future directions of CAVD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongxiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dai-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Metformin alleviates the calcification of aortic valve interstitial cells through activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in an AMPK dependent way. Mol Med 2021; 27:156. [PMID: 34895136 PMCID: PMC8666063 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most prevalent valvular disease worldwide. However, no effective treatment could delay or prevent the progression of the disease due to the poor understanding of its pathological mechanism. Many studies showed that metformin exerted beneficial effects on multiple cardiovascular diseases by mediating multiple proteins such as AMPK, NF-κB, and AKT. This study aims to verify whether metformin can inhibit aortic calcification through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. METHODS We first analyzed four microarray datasets to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways related to CAVD. Then aortic valve samples were used to verify selected genes and pathways through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot (WB) assays. Aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) were isolated from non-calcific aortic valves and then cultured with phosphate medium (PM) with or without metformin to verify whether metformin can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation and calcification of AVICs. Finally, we used inhibitors and siRNA targeting AMPK, NF-κB, and AKT to study the mechanism of metformin. RESULTS We screened 227 DEGs; NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were implicated in the pathological mechanism of CAVD. IHC and WB experiments showed decreased AMPK and AKT and increased Bax in calcific aortic valves. PM treatment significantly reduced AMPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, promoted Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and induced AVICs calcification. Metformin treatment ameliorated AVICs calcification and apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. AMPK activation and NF-κB inhibition could inhibit AVICs calcification induced by PM treatment; however, AMPK and AKT inhibition reversed the protective effect of metformin. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, demonstrates that metformin can inhibit AVICs in vitro calcification by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; this suggests that metformin may provide a potential target for the treatment of CAVD. And the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway emerges as an important regulatory axis in the pathological mechanism of CAVD.
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20
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Nordquist EM, Dutta P, Kodigepalli KM, Mattern C, McDermott MR, Trask AJ, LaHaye S, Lindner V, Lincoln J. Tgfβ1-Cthrc1 Signaling Plays an Important Role in the Short-Term Reparative Response to Heart Valve Endothelial Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2923-2942. [PMID: 34645278 PMCID: PMC8612994 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic valve disease is a common worldwide health burden with limited treatment options. Studies have shown that the valve endothelium is critical for structure-function relationships, and disease is associated with its dysfunction, damage, or injury. Therefore, therapeutic targets to maintain a healthy endothelium or repair damaged endothelial cells could hold promise. In this current study, we utilize a surgical mouse model of heart valve endothelial cell injury to study the short-term response at molecular and cellular levels. The goal is to determine if the native heart valve exhibits a reparative response to injury and identify the mechanisms underlying this process. Approach and Results: Mild aortic valve endothelial injury and abrogated function was evoked by inserting a guidewire down the carotid artery of young (3 months) and aging (16-18 months) wild-type mice. Short-term cellular responses were examined at 6 hours, 48 hours, and 4 weeks following injury, whereas molecular profiles were determined after 48 hours by RNA-sequencing. Within 48 hours following endothelial injury, young wild-type mice restore endothelial barrier function in association with increased cell proliferation, and upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfβ1) and the glycoprotein, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (Cthrc1). Interestingly, this beneficial response to injury was not observed in aging mice with known underlying endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study suggests that the healthy valve has the capacity to respond to mild endothelial injury, which in short term has beneficial effects on restoring endothelial barrier function through acute activation of the Tgfβ1-Cthrc1 signaling axis and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Nordquist
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Punashi Dutta
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Karthik M. Kodigepalli
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Carol Mattern
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael R. McDermott
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron J. Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie LaHaye
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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21
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Brennan JM, Lowenstern A, Sheridan P, Boero IJ, Thourani VH, Vemulapalli S, Wang TY, Liska O, Gander S, Jager J, Leon MB, Peterson ED. Association Between Patient Survival and Clinician Variability in Treatment Rates for Aortic Valve Stenosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020490. [PMID: 34387116 PMCID: PMC8475044 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (ssAS) have a high mortality risk and compromised quality of life. Surgical/transcatheter aortic valve replacement (AVR) is a Class I recommendation, but it is unclear if this recommendation is uniformly applied. We determined the impact of managing cardiologists on the likelihood of ssAS treatment. Methods and Results Using natural language processing of Optum electronic health records, we identified 26 438 patients with newly diagnosed ssAS (2011-2016). Multilevel, multivariable Fine-Gray competing risk models clustered by cardiologists were used to determine the impact of cardiologists on the likelihood of 1-year AVR treatment. Within 1 year of diagnosis, 35.6% of patients with ssAS received an AVR; however, rates varied widely among managing cardiologists (0%, lowest quartile; 100%, highest quartile [median, 29.6%; 25th-75th percentiles, 13.3%-47.0%]). The odds of receiving AVR varied >2-fold depending on the cardiologist (median odds ratio for AVR, 2.25; 95% CI, 2.14-2.36). Compared with patients with ssAS of cardiologists with the highest treatment rates, those treated by cardiologists with the lowest AVR rates experienced significantly higher 1-year mortality (lowest quartile, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.22, 95% CI, 1.13-1.33). Conclusions Overall AVR rates for ssAS were low, highlighting a potential challenge for ssAS management in the United States. Cardiologist AVR use varied substantially; patients treated by cardiologists with lower AVR rates had higher mortality rates than those treated by cardiologists with higher AVR rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthew Brennan
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
| | - Angela Lowenstern
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
| | - Paige Sheridan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of California, San Diego School of Medicine San Diego CA.,Boston Consulting Group Boston MA
| | | | - Vinod H Thourani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Piedmont Heart Institute Atlanta GA
| | | | - Tracy Y Wang
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
| | | | | | | | - Martin B Leon
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital New York NY
| | - Eric D Peterson
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
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22
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Wang Y, Han D, Zhou T, Chen C, Cao H, Zhang JZ, Ma N, Liu C, Song M, Shi J, Jin X, Cao F, Dong N. DUSP26 induces aortic valve calcification by antagonizing MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of DPP4 in human valvular interstitial cells. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2935-2951. [PMID: 34179958 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The morbidity and mortality rates of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) remain high while treatment options are limited. Here, we evaluated the role and therapeutic value of dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) in CAVD. METHODS AND RESULTS Microarray profiling of human calcific aortic valves and normal controls demonstrated that DUSP26 was significantly up-regulated in calcific aortic valves. ApoE-/- mice fed a normal diet or a high cholesterol diet (HCD) were infected with adeno-associated virus serotype 2 carrying DUSP26 short-hairpin RNA to examine the effects of DUSP26 silencing on aortic valve calcification. DUSP26 silencing ameliorated aortic valve calcification in HCD-treated ApoE-/- mice, as evidenced by reduced thickness and calcium deposition in the aortic valve leaflets, improved echocardiographic parameters (decreased peak transvalvular jet velocity and mean transvalvular pressure gradient, as well as increased aortic valve area), and decreased levels of osteogenic markers (Runx2, osterix, and osteocalcin) in the aortic valves. These results were confirmed in osteogenic medium-induced human valvular interstitial cells. Immunoprecipitation, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and functional assays revealed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) interacted with DUSP26 to mediate the procalcific effects of DUSP26. High N6-methyladenosine levels up-regulated DUSP26 in CAVD; in turn, DUSP26 activated DPP4 by antagonizing mouse double minute 2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of DPP4, thereby promoting CAVD progression. CONCLUSION DUSP26 promotes aortic valve calcification by inhibiting DPP4 degradation. Our findings identify a previously unrecognized mechanism of DPP4 up-regulation in CAVD, suggesting that DUSP26 silencing or inhibition is a viable therapeutic strategy to impede CAVD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Dong Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28# Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28# Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Joe Z Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 96# Xingdao South Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Moshi Song
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1# Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Renmin middle road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28# Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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23
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Wang Y, Fang Y, Lu P, Wu B, Zhou B. NOTCH Signaling in Aortic Valve Development and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682298. [PMID: 34239905 PMCID: PMC8259786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NOTCH intercellular signaling mediates the communications between adjacent cells involved in multiple biological processes essential for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. The NOTCH1 mutations are the first identified human genetic variants that cause congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Genetic variants affecting other genes in the NOTCH signaling pathway may also contribute to the development of BAV and the pathogenesis of CAVD. While CAVD occurs commonly in the elderly population with tri-leaflet aortic valve, patients with BAV have a high risk of developing CAVD at a young age. This observation indicates an important role of NOTCH signaling in the postnatal homeostasis of the aortic valve, in addition to its prenatal functions during aortic valve development. Over the last decade, animal studies, especially with the mouse models, have revealed detailed information in the developmental etiology of congenital aortic valve defects. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and cellular aspects of aortic valve development and examine the embryonic pathogenesis of BAV. We will focus our discussions on the NOTCH signaling during the endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and the post-EMT remodeling of the aortic valve. We will further examine the involvement of the NOTCH mutations in the postnatal development of CAVD. We will emphasize the deleterious impact of the embryonic valve defects on the homeostatic mechanisms of the adult aortic valve for the purpose of identifying the potential therapeutic targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics (Pediatric Genetic Medicine), and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- The Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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24
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Evaluation of the Factors Affecting the Length of Stay in Hospital of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) Cases. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.857712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Tamadon I, Mamone V, Huan Y, Condino S, Quaglia C, Ferrari V, Ferrari M, Menciassi A. ValveTech: A Novel Robotic Approach for Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 68:1238-1249. [PMID: 32931426 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3024184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic valve disease is the most common heart disease in the elderly calling for replacement with an artificial valve. The presented surgical robot aims to provide a highly controllable instrument for efficient delivery of an artificial valve by the help of integrated endoscopic vision. METHODS A robot (called ValveTech), intended for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and consisting of a flexible cable driven manipulator, a passive arm, and a control unit has been designed and prototyped. The flexible manipulator has several features (e.g., stabilizing flaps, tiny cameras, dexterous introducer and custom cartridge) to help the proper valve placement. It provides 5 degrees of freedom for reaching the operative site via mini-thoracotomy; it adjusts the valve and expands it at the optimal position. The robot was evaluated by ten cardiac surgeons following a real surgical scenario in artificial chest simulator with an aortic mockup. Moreover, after each delivery, the expanded valve was evaluated objectively in comparison with the ideal position. RESULTS The robot performances were evaluated positively by surgeons. The trials resulted in faster delivery and an average misalignment distance of 3.8 mm along the aorta axis; 16.3 degrees rotational angle around aorta axis and 8.8 degrees misalignment of the valve commissure plane to the ideal plane were measured. CONCLUSION The trials successfully proved the proposed system for valve delivery under endoscopic vision. SIGNIFICANCE The ValveTech robot can be an alternative solution for minimally invasive aortic valve surgery and improve the quality of the operation both for surgeons and patients.
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26
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Wang Y, Han D, Zhou T, Zhang J, Liu C, Cao F, Dong N. Melatonin ameliorates aortic valve calcification via the regulation of circular RNA CircRIC3/miR-204-5p/DPP4 signaling in valvular interstitial cells. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12666. [PMID: 32369647 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is highly prevalent with marked morbidity and mortality rates and a lack of pharmaceutical treatment options because its mechanisms are unknown. Melatonin is reported to exert atheroprotective effects. However, whether melatonin protects against aortic valve calcification, a disease whose pathogenesis shares many similarities to that of atherosclerosis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that the intragastric administration of melatonin for 24 weeks markedly ameliorated aortic valve calcification in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-treated ApoE-/- mice, as evidenced by reduced thickness and calcium deposition in the aortic valve leaflets, improved echocardiographic parameters (decreased transvalvular peak jet velocity and increased aortic valve area), and decreased osteogenic differentiation marker (Runx2, osteocalcin, and osterix) expression in the aortic valves. Consistent with these in vivo data, we also confirmed the suppression of in vitro calcification by melatonin in hVICs. Mechanistically, melatonin reduced the level of CircRIC3, a procalcification circular RNA, which functions by acting as a miR-204-5p sponge to positively regulate the expression of the procalcification gene dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). Furthermore, CircRIC3 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effects of melatonin on hVIC osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin ameliorates aortic valve calcification via the regulation of CircRIC3/miR-204-5p/DPP4 signaling in hVICs; therefore, melatonin medication might be considered a novel pharmaceutical strategy for CAVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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27
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Schubert C, Archer G, Zelis JM, Nordmeyer S, Runte K, Hennemuth A, Berger F, Falk V, Tonino PAL, Hose R, ter Horst H, Kuehne T, Kelm M. Wearable devices can predict the outcome of standardized 6-minute walk tests in heart disease. NPJ Digit Med 2020; 3:92. [PMID: 32665977 PMCID: PMC7347580 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-0299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Wrist-worn devices with heart rate monitoring have become increasingly popular. Although current guidelines advise to consider clinical symptoms and exercise tolerance during decision-making in heart disease, it remains unknown to which extent wearables can help to determine such functional capacity measures. In clinical settings, the 6-minute walk test has become a standardized diagnostic and prognostic marker. We aimed to explore, whether 6-minute walk distances can be predicted by wrist-worn devices in patients with different stages of mitral and aortic valve disease. A total of n = 107 sensor datasets with 1,019,748 min of recordings were analysed. Based on heart rate recordings and literature information, activity levels were determined and compared to results from a 6-minute walk test. The percentage of time spent in moderate activity was a predictor for the achievement of gender, age and body mass index-specific 6-minute walk distances (p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.48). The uncertainty of these predictions is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schubert
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, DHZB), 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gareth Archer
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S5 7AT UK
| | - Jo M. Zelis
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Nordmeyer
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kilian Runte
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Hennemuth
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, DHZB), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin (Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, DHZB), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pim A. L. Tonino
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rod Hose
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S5 7AT UK
| | - Herman ter Horst
- Department of Chronic Disease Management, Philips Electronics Nederland B.V., 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Titus Kuehne
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, DHZB), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Kelm
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, DHZB), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
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Wang Y, Xiao X, Zhou T, Han D, Dong N. Novel mechanisms for osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valve interstitial cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 159:1742-1753.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Spanos K, Spiliopoulos K, Giannoukas AD, Mavroforou A. The importance of informed consent when elderly patients refuse aortic valve replacement. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 61:520-521. [PMID: 32319273 DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.20.11324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Spanos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece -
| | - Kyriakos Spiliopoulos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios D Giannoukas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna Mavroforou
- Department of Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Zhou T, Wang Y, Liu M, Huang Y, Shi J, Dong N, Xu K. Curcumin inhibits calcification of human aortic valve interstitial cells by interfering NF-κB, AKT, and ERK pathways. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2074-2081. [PMID: 32189385 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valve interstitial cells (hVICs) is the key cellular mechanism of calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD). This study aimed to explore how curcumin (CCM) inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of hVICs and elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, CCM inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hVICs under osteogenic medium (OM) conditions by reversing the OM-induced increase in calcified nodule formation and osteogenesis-specific markers (ALP and Runx2). RNA sequencing identified 475 common differentially expressed genes with Venn diagrams of the different groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment revealed that the CCM inhibition of hVIC osteogenic differentiation was enriched in the NF-κB, PI3K-AKT, TNF, Jak-STAT, and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, CCM suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK, IκBα, AKT, and interfered with the translocation of P65 into the cell nucleus in hVICs under OM culture conditions. In conclusion, CCM inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hVICs via interfering with the activation of NF-κB/AKT/ERK signaling pathways. Our findings provide novel insights into a critical role for CCM in CAVD progression and shed new light on CCM-directed therapeutics for CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuming Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ravalli F, Kossar AP, Takayama H, Grau JB, Ferrari G. Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Pathophysiology and Implications for Surgical Intervention in the Era of TAVR. STRUCTURAL HEART : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2020; 4:87-98. [PMID: 32529168 PMCID: PMC7288848 DOI: 10.1080/24748706.2020.1719446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aortic insufficiency (AI) or regurgitation is caused by the malcoaptation of the aortic valve (AV) cusps due to intrinsic abnormalities of the valve itself, a dilatation or geometric distortion of the aortic root, or by some combination thereof. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of studies suggesting that AI is an active disease process caused by a combination of factors including but not limited to alteration of specific molecular pathways, genetic predisposition, and changes in the mechanotransductive properties of the AV apparatus. As the surgical management of AV disease continues to evolve, increasingly sophisticated surgical and percutaneous techniques for AV repair and replacement, including transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), have become more commonplace and will likely continue to expand as new devices are introduced. However, these techniques necessitate frequent reappraisal of the biological and mechanobiological mechanisms underlying AV regurgitation to better understand the risk factors for AI development and recurrence following surgical intervention as well as expand our limited knowledge on patient selection for such procedures. The aim of this review is to describe some of the putative mechanisms implicated in the development of AI, dissect some of the cross-talk among known and possible signaling pathways leading to valve remodeling, identify association between these pathways and pharmacological approaches, and discuss the implications for surgical and percutaneous approaches to AV repair in replacement in the TAVR era.
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Heidari B, Al-Hijji MA, Alkhouli MA, Egbe A, Welle G, Eleid MF, Singh M, Gulati R, Rihal C, Lerman A. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes in mixed aortic valve disease compared to predominant aortic stenosis. Int J Cardiol 2020; 299:209-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sato Y, Jinnouchi H, Sakamoto A, Cornelissen A, Mori M, Kawakami R, Kawai K, Virmani R, V. Finn A. Calcification in human vessels and valves: from pathological point of view. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Life beyond 5 Years after TAVI: Patients' Perceived Health Status and Long-Term Outcome after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. J Interv Cardiol 2019; 2019:4292987. [PMID: 31772530 PMCID: PMC6794985 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4292987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is currently recommended for patients with severe aortic stenosis at intermediate or high surgical risk. The decision process during TAVI evaluation includes a thorough benefit-risk assessment, and knowledge about long-term benefits and outcomes may improve patients' expectation management. Objective To evaluate patients' perceived health status and self-reported long-term outcome more than 5 years after TAVI. Methods and Results Demographic and procedure data were obtained from all patients treated with TAVI at our institution from 2006 to 2012. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the patients alive, measuring health status, including the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, and clinical outcomes. 103 patients (22.8%) were alive at a median follow-up period of 7 years (5.4–9.8). 99 (96%) of the 103 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age at follow-up was 86.5 years ± 8.0 years, and 56.6% were female. Almost all patients (93.9%) described an improvement of their quality of life after receiving TAVI. At late follow-up, the mean utility index and EQ-VAS score were 0.80 ± 0.20 and 58.49 ± 11.49, respectively. Mobility was found to be the most frequently reported limitation (85.4%), while anxiety/depression was the least frequently reported limitation (19.8%). With respect to functional class, 64.7% were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV, compared to 67.0% prior to TAVI (p=0.51). Self-reported long-term outcomes revealed mainly low long-term complication rates. 74 total hospitalizations were reported after TAVI, and among those 43% for cardiovascular reasons. Within cardiovascular rehospitalizations, new pacemaker implantations were the most frequently reported (18.9%), followed by cardiac decompensation and coronary heart disease (15.6%). Conclusion The majority of the patients described an improvement of health status after TAVI. More than five years after TAVI, the patients' perceived health status was satisfactory, and the incidence of clinical events and hospitalizations was very low.
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Mazine A, Rocha RV, El-Hamamsy I, Ouzounian M, Yanagawa B, Bhatt DL, Verma S, Friedrich JO. Ross Procedure vs Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 3:978-987. [PMID: 30326489 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Importance The ideal aortic valve substitute in young and middle-aged adults remains unknown. Objective To compare long-term outcomes between the Ross procedure and mechanical aortic valve replacement in adults. Data Sources The Ovid versions of MEDLINE and EMBASE classic (January 1, 1967, to April 26, 2018; search performed on April 27, 2018) were screened for relevant studies using the following text word search in the title or abstract: ("Ross" OR "autograft") AND ("aortic" OR "mechanical"). Study Selection All randomized clinical trials and observational studies comparing the Ross procedure to the use of mechanical prostheses in adults undergoing aortic valve replacement were included. Studies were included if they reported any of the prespecified primary or secondary outcomes. Studies were excluded if no clinical outcomes were reported or if data were published only as an abstract. Citations were screened in duplicate by 2 of the authors, and disagreements regarding inclusion were reconciled via consensus. Data Extraction and Synthesis This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Data were independently abstracted by 3 reviewers and pooled using a random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures The prespecified primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results The search identified 2919 reports, of which 18 studies (3516 patients) met inclusion criteria, including 1 randomized clinical trial and 17 observational studies, with a median average follow-up of 5.8 (interquartile range, 3.4-9.2) years. Analysis of the primary outcome showed a 46% lower all-cause mortality in patients undergoing the Ross procedure compared with mechanical aortic valve replacement (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35-0.82; P = .004; I2 = 28%). The Ross procedure was also associated with lower rates of stroke (IRR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.80; P = .02; I2 = 8%) and major bleeding (IRR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.07-0.40; P < .001; I2 = 0%) but higher rates of reintervention (IRR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.16-2.65; P = .007; I2 = 0%). Conclusions and Relevance Data from primarily observational studies suggest that the Ross procedure is associated with lower all-cause mortality compared with mechanical aortic valve replacement. These findings highlight the need for a large, prospective randomized clinical trial comparing long-term outcomes between these 2 interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Mazine
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodolfo V Rocha
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ismail El-Hamamsy
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maral Ouzounian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Subodh Verma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan O Friedrich
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yu C, Li L, Xie F, Guo S, Liu F, Dong N, Wang Y. LncRNA TUG1 sponges miR-204-5p to promote osteoblast differentiation through upregulating Runx2 in aortic valve calcification. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:168-179. [PMID: 29016735 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Emerging evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Although the lncRNA TUG1 is implicated in atherosclerosis, its function in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) remains unknown. Methods and results In this study, we found that TUG1 was highly expressed in human aortic valves and primary valve interstitial cells (VICs). Moreover, TUG1 knockdown induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation in CAVD both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, silencing of TUG1 increased the expression of miR-204-5p and subsequently inhibited Runx2 expression at the post-transcriptional level. Importantly, TUG1 directly interacted with miR-204-5p and downregulation of miR-204-5p efficiently reversed the suppression of Runx2 induced by TUG1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Thus, TUG1 positively regulated the expression of Runx2, through sponging miR-204-5p, and promoted osteogenic differentiation in CAVD. Conclusion All together, the evidence generated by our study elucidates the role of lncRNA TUG1 as a miRNA sponge in CAVD, and sheds new light on lncRNA-directed diagnostics and therapeutics in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lifu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shichao Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fayuan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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Xu K, Huang Y, Zhou T, Wang C, Chi Q, Shi J, Zhu P, Dong N. Nobiletin exhibits potent inhibition on tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced calcification of human aortic valve interstitial cells via targeting ABCG2 and AKR1B1. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1717-1725. [PMID: 31016813 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yuming Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chunli Wang
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents “111” base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Qingjia Chi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials MechanicsWuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Rossignol P, Hernandez AF, Solomon SD, Zannad F. Heart failure drug treatment. Lancet 2019; 393:1034-1044. [PMID: 30860029 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is the most common cardiovascular reason for hospital admission for people older than 60 years of age. Few areas in medicine have progressed as remarkably as heart failure treatment over the past three decades. However, progress has been consistent only for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. In acutely decompensated heart failure and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, none of the treatments tested to date have been definitively proven to improve survival. Delaying or preventing heart failure has become increasingly important in patients who are prone to heart failure. The prevention of worsening chronic heart failure and hospitalisations for acute decompensation is also of great importance. The objective of this Series paper is to provide a concise and practical summary of the available drug treatments for heart failure. We support the implementation of the international guidelines. We offer views on the basis of our personal experience in research areas that have insufficient evidence. The best possible evidence-based drug treatment (including inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and β blockers) is useful only when optimally implemented. However, implementation might be challenging. We believe that disease management programmes can be helpful in providing a multidisciplinary, holistic approach to the delivery of optimal medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rossignol
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, Université de Lorraine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Nancy, Inserm U1116, and French Clinical Research Network, Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (FCRIN INI-CRCT), Nancy, France.
| | - Adrian F Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, Université de Lorraine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Nancy, Inserm U1116, and French Clinical Research Network, Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (FCRIN INI-CRCT), Nancy, France
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Tanaka A, Jabbour RJ, Testa L, Agnifili M, Ettori F, Fiorina C, Adamo M, Bruschi G, Giannini C, Petronio AS, Barbanti M, Tamburino C, De Felice F, Reimers B, Poli A, Colombo A, Latib A. Incidence, Technical Safety, and Feasibility of Coronary Angiography and Intervention Following Self-expanding Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2019; 20:371-375. [PMID: 30857975 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a well-established treatment option for severe aortic stenosis (AS). AS and coronary artery disease frequently coincide, and therefore some patients may require coronary angiography (CAG) and/or intervention (PCI) post-TAVR. Due to valve stent design, most self-expanding prostheses always cover the coronary ostium, and therefore may hinder future access. The objective of this research was to evaluate the incidence, safety and feasibility of CAG/PCI in patients with prior self-expanding TAVR valves. METHODS Among 2170 patients (age 82 ± 6 years, 43% male) who underwent TAVR with Corevalve or Evolut prostheses, as part of the Italian CoreValve ClinicalService® framework (data from 13 Italian centers), the occurrence of CAG/PCI following TAVR and periprocedural characteristics were examined. RESULTS During median follow-up of 379 days, 41 patients (1.9%) required CAG and/or PCI (total 46; 16 CAG, 14 PCI, 16 both PCI/CAG). 56.5% of the procedures were performed under emergency/urgency settings. Left system coronary angiography was successfully performed in most cases (28/32, 87.5%), while right coronary angiography was successful only in 50.0% (16/32). PCI procedures (20 for left system, 3 for right system, 4 for graft) were successfully performed in 93.3% (28/30) of the procedures. No CAG/PCI procedure-related complications including prosthesis dislodgment or coronary ostium dissection occurred. CONCLUSIONS CAG and PCI procedures following CoreValve TAVR is safe and mostly feasible, although the success rate of selective right coronary angiography was relatively low when compared to the left system. Further investigations are required to explore this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Tanaka
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard J Jabbour
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Testa
- Coronary Revascularisation Unit, IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, S. Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Mauro Agnifili
- Coronary Revascularisation Unit, IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, S. Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Federica Ettori
- Cardiothoracic Department, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorina
- Cardiothoracic Department, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marianna Adamo
- Cardiothoracic Department, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruschi
- "De Gasperis" Cardio Center ASST Niguarda Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Giannini
- Catheterisation Laboratory, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Sonia Petronio
- Catheterisation Laboratory, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Barbanti
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Corrado Tamburino
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Bernhard Reimers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Poli
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Colombo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Azeem Latib
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA.
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40
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Focused Update of 2016 Korean Society of Heart Failure Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 1:4-24. [PMID: 36262736 PMCID: PMC9536670 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2019.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure (HF) is increasing in South Korea and devising the optimal care plan is crucial to promote appropriate and effective treatment of HF. To this end, the first Korean guideline for management of chronic HF was published in 2016 by the HF research group under the Korean Society of Cardiology (KSC). After this publication, considerable data have been accumulated and a new guideline for the management of HF was published in Europe, and an update regarding pharmacological therapy was published in the United States, which made it warrant to update the Korean guideline. Under this premise, The Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee under the Korean Society of Heart Failure (KSHF) founded in 2018 decided to publish a focused update management guideline for chronic HF and selected 15 topics that need an update regarding the diagnosis, definition, diagnostic algorithm, monitoring, novel biomarkers, drug therapy related to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, and with respect to comorbidities changes in the guidelines of relevant institutions, such as new guidelines for the management of hypertension, a procedure used to treat severe aortic stenosis, information on sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, and that about sleep apnea. Among nonpharmacological therapies, changes to the recommendations for implantable cardioverter defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and cardiac rehabilitation were updated. Subsequent and continuous updates based on additional clinical research findings, with continual supervision by the KSHF will be needed.
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Xu K, Zhou T, Huang Y, Chi Q, Shi J, Zhu P, Dong N. Anthraquinone Emodin Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Calcification of Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells via the NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1328. [PMID: 30510513 PMCID: PMC6252319 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring effective therapies for delaying calcific heart valve disease (CHVD) is the focus of current cardiovascular clinical and scientific research. In this study, human aortic valve interstitial cells (hVICs) were isolated from patients with CHVD. After expansion, cultured hVICs were induced with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) with or without anthraquinone emodin (EMD) treatments. Cytotoxicity and flow cytometric analysis were used to assess cell growth, while Alizarin Red S staining was used to detect hVICs calcification. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis was utilized to investigate changes in mRNA profiles of cells cultured in TNF-α conditioned medium with or without EMD. Western blotting and qRT-PCR analyses were used for the verification of key selected genes. Our results indicated that EMD had limited influence on hVIC morphology, whereas in a dose-dependent fashion, EMD interfered with hVIC growth under TNF-α conditioned cell culture. Additionally, hVICs treated with TNF-α plus EMD, presented a gradual decrease of positive Alizarin Red S staining, when compared with cells treated with TNF-α only. Notably, cells treated with TNF-α plus EMD showed 1874 differential expression genes (DEGs), among them, 1131 were upregulated and 743 were downregulated. These DEGs displayed an enrichment of biological functions and signaling pathways, among them, BMP2, RELA, TNF, and TRAF1, were found to be significantly suppressed by EMD and selected given their role in mediating hVIC calcification. In conclusion, our study shows that EMD inhibits TNF-α-induced calcification and phenotypical transformation of hVICs via the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby preventing calcification events stimulated during acute inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuming Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingjia Chi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Tamadon I, Soldani G, Dario P, Menciassi A. Novel Robotic Approach for Minimally Invasive Aortic Heart Valve Surgery. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:3656-3659. [PMID: 30441166 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aortic heart valve replacement is a major surgical intervention, traditionally requiring a large thoracotomy. However, current advances in Minimally Invasive Surgery and Surgical Robotics can offer the possibility to perform the intervention through a narrow mini thoracotomy. The presented surgical robot and proposed surgical scenario aims to provide a highly controllable means for efficiently conducting valve replacement by endoscopic vision. The robot, consisting of a series of joints, is a cable actuated manipulator for reaching the operative site and delivering the valve at the required position. The robot is equipped with endoscopic cameras (to find the hinge points) and three stabilizing flaps (to stabilize the manipulator) for guarantying the proper valve placement. The manipulator is validated by experimental results of flaps' force and camera visions in artificial vessels.
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Fu Z, Li F, Jia L, Su S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Xiang M. Histone deacetylase 6 reduction promotes aortic valve calcification via an endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated osteogenic pathway. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 158:408-417.e2. [PMID: 30579537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic valve (AoV) calcification occurs via a pathophysiologic process that includes osteoblastic differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Here, we investigated the role of HDAC6 in AoV calcification. METHODS AoV cusps from patients with aortic stenosis (n = 7) and normal controls (n = 7) were subjected to determination of calcified nodules and HDAC6 expression. Human VICs were cultured in osteogenic media and treated with 10 uM tubacin or HDAC6 small interfering RNA silencing to inhibit HDAC6. Treatment with 100 uM tauroursodeoxycholic acid was used to suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) small interfering RNA was used to knock down ATF4. Alizarin red staining was used to evaluate calcified nodules formation of VICs cultured with osteogenic media for 14 days. RESULTS HDAC6 expression was significantly reduced in AoV tissue of patients with aortic stenosis compared with controls. Tubacin treatment or HDAC6 silencing markedly promoted osteoblastic differentiation accompanied by endoplasmic reticulum stress activation in VICs. The HDAC6 inhibition-induced osteogenic pathway was mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress/ATF4 pathway as indicated by tauroursodeoxycholic acid pretreatment or ATF4 silencing. Finally, alizarin red staining showed that HDAC6 inhibition promoted osteoblastic differentiation of VICs, which could be suppressed by tauroursodeoxycholic acid. CONCLUSIONS HDAC6 inhibition promotes AoV calcification via an endoplasmic reticulum stress/ATF4-mediated osteogenic pathway. HDAC6 may be a novel target for AoV calcification prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liangliang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengan Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhejun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Quantification of Aortic Regurgitation in Patients With Turbulent Aortic Flow. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2018; 43:317-322. [PMID: 30407246 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess variability in measurements and accurately quantify aortic regurgitation in patients with coexisting turbulent aortic flow using phase-contrast magnetic resonance. METHODS All patients (n = 21) underwent phase-contrast magnetic resonance at 2 or more sites: ascending aorta, sinuses of Valsalva, and left ventricular outflow tract. The net flow/minute (NF), forward flow/minute (FF), regurgitant flow/minute (RF), and regurgitant fraction (RF%) were compared with the sum of superior vena cava and descending aortic flow/minute, left ventricular cardiac output, difference between the 2, and percentage difference, respectively. RESULTS The NF, FF, and RF were significantly different between each site. The combination of FF in the left ventricular outflow tract and NF from the superior vena cava + descending aorta provided the best reliability of RF and regurgitant fraction (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.881 [95% confidence interval, 0.882-0.878] and 0.838 [95% confidence interval, 0.837-0.838]). CONCLUSION Combining flow measurements from more than 1 site provides the most accurate quantification of aortic regurgitation in patients with turbulent aortic flow.
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Verseckaite R, Mizariene V, Montvilaite A, Auguste I, Bieseviciene M, Laukaitiene J, Jonkaitiene R, Jurkevicius R. The predictive value of left ventricular myocardium mechanics evaluation in asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. A long-term speckle-tracking echocardiographic study. Echocardiography 2018; 35:1277-1288. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raimonda Verseckaite
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas Clinics; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Vaida Mizariene
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas Clinics; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Aiste Montvilaite
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas Clinics; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Indre Auguste
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas Clinics; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Monika Bieseviciene
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas Clinics; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Jolanta Laukaitiene
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas Clinics; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Regina Jonkaitiene
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas Clinics; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Renaldas Jurkevicius
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas Clinics; Kaunas Lithuania
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Bellasi A, Di Lullo L, Raggi P. Cardiovascular calcification: The emerging role of micronutrients. Atherosclerosis 2018; 273:119-121. [PMID: 29705018 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bellasi
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Sant'Anna Hospital, ASST-Lariana, Como, Italy
| | - Luca Di Lullo
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Parodi-Delfino Hospital, Colleferro, Italy
| | - Paolo Raggi
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Olsson K, Näslund U, Nilsson J, Hörnsten Å. Patients' experiences of the transcatheter aortic valve implantation trajectory: A grounded theory study. Nurs Open 2018; 5:149-157. [PMID: 29599990 PMCID: PMC5867280 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to explore how patients experienced the recovery process from transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Design A qualitative approach where in-depth interviews were used. Method Eleven men and eight women undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation were individually interviewed 6 months after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Grounded theory was used for the analysis. Results The analysis generated the core concept "A journey of balancing between life-struggle and hope" connected to descriptive, bipolar categories. Before transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients not only felt threatened but also experienced hope. The rehabilitation phase was described as demanding or surprisingly simple. At the 6 months follow-up patients were pleased to return to life, however, still struggling with limitations. To feel hope is essential for transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients' well-being, both before and during the recovery process. It is important that healthcare professionals not only support hopeful thinking but also take time to discuss and prepare patients, talk about concerns and build confidence. Individual plans for rehabilitation should be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Olsson
- Cardiology, Heart CentreDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeaSweden
- Department of NursingUmeå UniversityUmeaSweden
| | - Ulf Näslund
- Cardiology, Heart CentreDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeaSweden
| | - Johan Nilsson
- Cardiology, Heart CentreDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeaSweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to highlight the past and more current literature related to the multifaceted pathogenic programs that contribute to calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) with a focus on the contribution of developmental programs. RECENT FINDINGS Calcification of the aortic valve is an active process characterized by calcific nodule formation on the aortic surface leading to a less supple and more stiffened cusp, thereby limiting movement and causing clinical stenosis. The mechanisms underlying these pathogenic changes are largely unknown, but emerging studies have suggested that signaling pathways common to valvulogenesis and bone development play significant roles and include Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Wnt, Notch, and Sox9. This comprehensive review of the literature highlights the complex nature of CAVD but concurrently identifies key regulators that can be targeted in the development of mechanistic-based therapies beyond surgical intervention to improve patient outcome.
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Wang YT, Li Y, Ma YT, Yang YN, Ma X, Li XM, Liu F, Chen BD. Association between apolipoprotein B genetic polymorphism and the risk of calcific aortic stenosis in Chinese subjects, in Xinjiang, China. Lipids Health Dis 2018. [PMID: 29514644 PMCID: PMC5842539 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited information is available when it comes to the impact of genetic on Calcific Aortic Stenosis (CAS). Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a key component in lipid metabolism and plays an important role in the dynamic equilibrium of cholesterol. We performed a case–control study to explore the association of apoB genetic polymorphisms with CAS in Chinese subjects, in Xinjiang, China. Methods We designed a case-control study including 314 CAS patients and 652 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length (PCR-RFLP) method, we genotyped two SNPs (rs6725189 and rs693) of apoB gene in all subjects. Results We found that the rs693 T allele was associated with a significantly elevated CAS risk [TT/CT vs. CC: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.82–2.10, P = 0.002] and the rs6725189 T allele was also associated with a significantly elevated CAS risk (GT vs. GG: AOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.14–2.92, P = 0.013). Furthermore, we also found that the TC levels were significantly higher in rs693 TT/CT genotypes than that in CC genotypes (P < 0.05). Conclusions Both rs693 and rs6725189 of the apoB gene are associated with CAS in Chinese subjects, in Xinjiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
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