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Moiz A, Zolotarova T, Eisenberg MJ. Outpatient management of essential hypertension: a review based on the latest clinical guidelines. Ann Med 2024; 56:2338242. [PMID: 38604225 PMCID: PMC11011233 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2338242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Essential hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, poses a significant health burden worldwide. Based on the latest American clinical guidelines, half of adults in the United States have hypertension. Of these, only about a half are treated and about a quarter are adequately controlled for hypertension. Given its impact on morbidity and mortality, ensuring effective management of high blood pressure is crucial to reduce associated risks and improve patient outcomes.Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of the latest cardiology guidelines and evidence-based research on essential hypertension, with a focus on guiding outpatient clinical practice.Methods: The review evaluates both non-pharmacological approaches and pharmacological interventions to offer clinicians practical insights. Notably, it emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment plans tailored to patients' specific risk profiles and comorbidities.Results: By consolidating the latest advancements in hypertension management, this review provides clinicians with an up-to-date reference, offering a nuanced understanding of treatment goals and strategies.Conclusion: Through the incorporation of evidence-based recommendations, healthcare practitioners can optimize patient care, mitigate potential complications, and improve overall outcomes in essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areesha Moiz
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tetiana Zolotarova
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark J. Eisenberg
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, Brouwers S, Canavan MD, Ceconi C, Christodorescu RM, Daskalopoulou SS, Ferro CJ, Gerdts E, Hanssen H, Harris J, Lauder L, McManus RJ, Molloy GJ, Rahimi K, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Rossi GP, Sandset EC, Scheenaerts B, Staessen JA, Uchmanowicz I, Volterrani M, Touyz RM. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:3912-4018. [PMID: 39210715 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
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Götzinger F, Kieble M, Daudí AE, Kunz M, Lauder L, Böhm M, Laufs U, Mahfoud F, Schulz M. Use of fixed-dose combinations for cardiovascular indications from 2018 to 2023: a nationwide population-based study. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1720-1727. [PMID: 38973447 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Clinical guidelines support the use of fixed-dose combinations (FDC) for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Implementation of FDC into clinical care remains challenging, and current population-based data are scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS Claims data on dispensed drugs in an outpatient care setting of approximately 87% of the German population were analysed regarding the use of FDC according to time, age of the insured persons, and active ingredients. The overarching trend for all FDC revealed a decrease from 77.3 defined daily doses per 1000 statutory health-insured (SHI) persons per day (DID) in the second half-year of 2018 (2018HY02) to 60.8 DID in the first half-year of 2023 (2023HY01) (Spearman ρ = -0.988; P < 0.001). The total DID for all antihypertensives (AHT) increased from 590.6 in 2018HY02 to 624.8 in 2023HY01 (ρ = 0.855; P = 0.002), but the DID for fixed-dose AHT (AHT-FDC) declined from 74.1 in 2018HY02 to 55.0 in 2023HY01 (ρ = -0.988; P < 0.001). Conversely, the use of all lipid-lowering agents (LLA) and LLA-FDC continuously increased: The total DID of all LLA rose from 92.5 in 2018HY02 to 134.4 in 2023HY01 (ρ = 1.000; P = 0.000), and for LLA-FDC from 3.1 in 2018HY02 to 5.5 DID in 2023HY01 (ρ = 0.915; P < 0.001). AHT-FDC and LLA-FDC were less frequently dispensed to patients at least 80 years than to patients less than 80 years. Dispensing of multiple purpose FDC increased from 2018HY02 to 2023HY01 from 0.11 DID to 0.26 DID (ρ = 1.000; P = 0.000) but remained negligible. CONCLUSION Use of AHT-FDC in Germany is declining. In contrast, FDC containing LLA are increasingly prescribed. Dispensing of multiple purpose FDC is very low. Strategies are needed to facilitate the use of FDC as recommended by current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Götzinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marita Kieble
- German Institute for Drug Use Evaluation (DAPI), Berlin
| | | | - Michael Kunz
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Lauder
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schulz
- German Institute for Drug Use Evaluation (DAPI), Berlin
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Nolde JM, Beaney T, Carnagarin R, Stergiou GS, Poulter NR, Schutte AE, Schlaich MP. Age-Related Blood Pressure Gradients Are Associated With Blood Pressure Control and Global Population Outcomes. Hypertension 2024; 81:2091-2100. [PMID: 39109449 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The strong relationship between blood pressure (BP) and age is well known. Limited evidence suggests that a steeper age-BP slope may be associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. The May Measurement Month campaign enables an investigation of geographic, socioeconomic, and sex differences in age-related BP gradients and their association with public-health outcomes. METHODS Cross-sectional, annual global BP May Measurement Month screening data were analyzed. Average systolic BP and age-related BP slopes across different age groups were calculated to assess regional, socioeconomic, and sex-stratified variations. The association of BP slopes derived from adjusted linear regression models with country-level health metrics was investigated. RESULTS Age-related systolic BP gradients differed distinctly across global geographic regions, income levels, and between sexes. The steepest age gradients of BP were observed in populations from Africa and Europe. Women had lower BP levels than men at younger ages (20s and 30s) but subsequently experienced more pronounced age-related BP gradients. Geographically divergent age-related BP gradients were significantly associated with major national public health indicators. Globally, steeper age-related BP slopes were associated with poor BP control, increased disability-adjusted life years, and death rates. A steeper population age-BP slope of 1 mm Hg per 10 years was associated with a decrease in life expectancy of 3.3 years in this population (95% CI, -5.1 to -1.4; P=0.0007). CONCLUSIONS Age-related BP gradients vary considerably across global populations and are associated with variability in BP-related risks and adverse outcomes across regions. Effective public health strategies may require region-specific targeting of adverse BP gradients to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital/Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia (J.M.N., R.C., M.P.S.)
- Department of Nephrology, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Germany (J.M.N.)
| | - Thomas Beaney
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.B., N.R.P.)
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital/Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia (J.M.N., R.C., M.P.S.)
| | - George S Stergiou
- Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Greece (G.S.S.)
| | - Neil R Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.B., N.R.P.)
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Australia (A.E.S.)
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.E.S.)
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (A.E.S.)
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital/Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia (J.M.N., R.C., M.P.S.)
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology (M.P.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Australia
- Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.P.S.)
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5
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Onuma OK. Treating Hypertension With a Single (Combination) Pill: Changing the Paradigm. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024:S0735-1097(24)08253-6. [PMID: 39222894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Oyere K Onuma
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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6
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Rodgers A, Salam A, Schutte AE, Cushman WC, de Silva HA, Di Tanna GL, Grobbee D, Narkiewicz K, Ojji DB, Poulter NR, Schlaich MP, Oparil S, Spiering W, Williams B, Wright JT, Gutierez A, Sanni A, Lakshman P, McMullen D, Ranasinghe G, Gianacas C, Shanthakumar M, Liu X, Wang N, Whelton P. Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Low-Dose Triple Single-Pill Combination Compared With Placebo for Initial Treatment of Hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024:S0735-1097(24)08227-5. [PMID: 39217570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-pill combinations of 3 or more low-dose blood pressure (BP)-lowering drugs hold promise for initial or early treatment of hypertension. OBJECTIVES We conducted a placebo-controlled trial of a new single-pill combination containing low doses of telmisartan, amlodipine, and indapamide in 2 dose options to assess efficacy and safety. METHODS This international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial enrolled adults with hypertension receiving 0 to 1 BP-lowering drugs. After a 2-week placebo run-in during which any BP-lowering medication was stopped, participants were eligible if home systolic BP (SBP) was 130 to 154 mm Hg. Participants were randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio to GMRx2 ¼ dose (telmisartan 10 mg/amlodipine 1.25 mg/indapamide 0.625 mg), GMRx2 ½ dose (telmisartan 20 mg/amlodipine 2.5 mg/indapamide 1.25 mg), or placebo. The primary efficacy outcome was difference in change in home SBP from randomization to week 4, and primary safety outcome was treatment discontinuation due to an adverse event. RESULTS From June 14, 2021 to October 18, 2023, a total of 295 participants (mean age: 51 years; 56% female) were randomized and 96% completed the trial. Baseline mean home BP was 139/86 mm Hg and clinic BP was 138/86 mm Hg after placebo run-in. The placebo-corrected least square mean differences in home SBP at Week 4 were -7.3 mm Hg (95% CI: -4.5 to -10.2) for GMRx2 ¼ dose and -8.2 mm Hg (95% CI: -5.2 to -11.3) for GMRx2 ½ dose; reductions for clinic BP were 8.0/4.0 and 9.5/4.9 mm Hg. At Week 4, clinic BP control (<140/90 mm Hg) was 37%, 65%, and 70% for placebo, GMRx2 ¼ dose, and GMRx2 ½ dose, respectively (both doses P < 0.001 vs placebo). Placebo, GMRx2-triple ¼, and GMRx2 ½ treatment discontinuation due to an adverse event occurred in 1 (1.6%), 0, and 6 (5.1%), respectively; out of normal range serum sodium or potassium was observed in 4 (6.3%), 12 (10.6%), and 12 (10.1%), respectively, but no participant had a serum sodium <130/>150 mmol/L or potassium <3.0/>6.0 mmol/L. Serious adverse events were reported by 2 participants in the placebo and GMRx2 ½ groups and none in the GMRx2 ¼ group. CONCLUSIONS In a population with mild-to-moderate BP elevation, both dose versions of the novel low-dose triple single-pill combination showed good tolerability and clinically relevant BP reductions compared with placebo. (Efficacy and Safety of GRMx2 Compared to Placebo for the Treatment of Hypertension: NCT04518306).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Abdul Salam
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William C Cushman
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - H Asita de Silva
- Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Gian Luca Di Tanna
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Diederick Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Markus P Schlaich
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wilko Spiering
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jackson T Wright
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Aliu Sanni
- EBGS Clinical Research Center, Snellville, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chris Gianacas
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mathangi Shanthakumar
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nelson Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Whelton
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Coca A, Whelton SP, Camafort M, López-López JP, Yang E. Single-pill combination for treatment of hypertension: Just a matter of practicality or is there a real clinical benefit? Eur J Intern Med 2024; 126:16-25. [PMID: 38653633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the largest contributor to the incident cardiovascular disease worldwide. Despite explicit guideline recommendations for the diagnosis and management of hypertension, a large proportion of patients remain undiagnosed, untreated, or treated but uncontrolled. Inadequate BP control is associated with many complex factors including patient preference, physician's inertia, health systems disparities, and poor adherence to prescribed antihypertensive drug treatment. The primary driver for reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is lowering of BP ''per se'' and not class effects of specific pharmacotherapies. The recent ESH guidelines recommend the use of four major classes of drugs including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) blockers (angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)), calcium channel blockers (CCB), thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, and betablockers. Initiation of treatment for hypertension with a two-drug regimen, preferably in a single pill combination (SPC), is recommended for most patients. Preferred combinations should comprise a RAS blocker (either an ACEi or an ARB) with a CCB or thiazide/thiazide-like diuretic. These strategies are supported by robust evidence that combination therapy produces greater BP reductions than monotherapy, reduces side effects of the individual components, improves therapeutic adherence and long-term persistence on treatment, and permits achievement of earlier BP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coca
- Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit. Department of Internal Medicine. Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - S P Whelton
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M Camafort
- Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit. Department of Internal Medicine. Hospital Clínic (IDIBAPS, CIBER-OBN). University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J P López-López
- Masira Research Institute, University of Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - E Yang
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Bruckner HW, De Jager R, Knopf E, Bassali F, Book A, Gurell D, Nghiem V, Schwartz M, Hirschfeld A. Cholangiocarcinoma, sequential chemotherapy, and prognostic tests. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1361420. [PMID: 38978735 PMCID: PMC11228241 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1361420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Routine blood tests are prognostic tests for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. New drug regimens may produce a median overall survival of 2 years or more. Methods This single practice, IRB-approved, phase II trial examines prognostic tests, Kaplan-Meier survival, and univariate Cox regression analyses. Eligibility requires: intent-to-treat; signed consent; advanced measurable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, with or without resistance to the test drugs; any adult age; performance status 0-2; and expected survival of ≥ 6 weeks. Biweekly treatment, with 1/3 of standard dosages in mg/M2, includes: Gemcitabine 500; 5-Fluorouracil 1200 over 24 hours; Leucovorin 180; Irinotecan 80; and on day 2, Oxaliplatin 40. On progression, drugs are added on day 2: first, Docetaxel 25 precedes Oxaliplatin, with or without Mitomycin C 6 after Oxaliplatin. The next sequential additions are day 1, Cetuximab 400 total mg, then 200 mg weekly, and then Bevacizumab 10 mg/kg is substituted for Cetuximab (FDA IND# 119005). Results For 35 patients, 19 with 1-2 lines of prior therapy, resistant tumors, and 16 no prior therapy, survival at 24-months is ≥ 72 and ≥ 58%, respectively. For 14 patients aged ≥ 70 years, ≥ 63% survive 24 months, P = 0.28. Validated tests that predict ≤ 6-month survivals find median survival times of 17-months through > 2-years when compared to patients with favorable tests: Neutrophils lymphocyte ratio > 3.0, HR = 6.54, P < 6.4x10-3; absolute neutrophil count > 8000/μl, HR = 4.95, P < 6.5x10-3; serum albumin < 3.5 g/dl, HR = 4.10, P < 0.03; and lymphocyte monocyte ratio< 2.1, HR = 1.6, P = 0.50. Overall, the 76 (60-90)% of patients with 0-2 out of 4 high risk tests survive ≥ 24 months, (P = 7.1x10-3). Treatments produce neither hospitalization, neutropenic fever, severe enteritis, nor severe neuropathies. Conclusion Two-year survival is replicable and predictable. Findings warrant phase III validation tests of sequential regimens, re-challenge with recombination, low dosages, and blood tests that are associated with lethal mechanisms that impair response and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard W Bruckner
- Department of Oncology, MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert De Jager
- Department of Oncology, MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisheva Knopf
- Department of Oncology, MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Fred Bassali
- Department of Oncology, MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Abe Book
- Department of Oncology, MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Gurell
- Department of Radiology, University Diagnostic Imaging, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Van Nghiem
- Department of Oncology, MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Myron Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Azriel Hirschfeld
- Department of Oncology, MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
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Huffman MD, Baldridge AS, Lazar D, Abbas H, Mejia J, Flowers FM, Quintana A, Jackson A, Kandula NR, Lloyd-Jones DM, Persell SD, Khan SS, Paparello JJ, Chopra A, Tripathi P, Vu MH, Chow CK, Ciolino JD. Efficacy and safety of a four-drug, quarter-dose treatment for hypertension: the QUARTET USA randomized trial. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1668-1677. [PMID: 38584159 PMCID: PMC11150153 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
New approaches are needed to lower blood pressure (BP) given persistently low control rates. QUARTET USA sought to evaluate the effect of four-drug, quarter-dose BP lowering combination in patients with hypertension. QUARTET USA was a randomized (1:1), double-blinded trial conducted in federally qualified health centers among adults with hypertension. Participants received either a quadpill of candesartan 2 mg, amlodipine 1.25 mg, indapamide 0.625 mg, and bisoprolol 2.5 mg or candesartan 8 mg for 12 weeks. If BP was >130/>80 mm Hg at 6 weeks in either arm, then participants received open label add-on amlodipine 5 mg. The primary outcome was mean change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 12 weeks, controlling for baseline BP. Secondary outcomes included mean change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and safety included serious adverse events, relevant adverse drug effects, and electrolyte abnormalities. Among 62 participants randomized between August 2019-May 2022 (n = 32 intervention, n = 30 control), mean (SD) age was 52 (11.5) years, 45% were female, 73% identified as Hispanic, and 18% identified as Black. Baseline mean (SD) SBP was 138.1 (11.2) mmHg, and baseline mean (SD) DBP was 84.3 (10.5) mmHg. In a modified intention-to-treat analysis, there was no significant difference in SBP (-4.8 mm Hg [95% CI: -10.8, 1.3, p = 0.123] and a -4.9 mmHg (95% CI: -8.6, -1.3, p = 0.009) greater mean DBP change in the intervention arm compared with the control arm at 12 weeks. Adverse events did not differ significantly between arms. The quadpill had a similar SBP and greater DBP lowering effect compared with candesartan 8 mg. Trial registration number: NCT03640312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Huffman
- Cardiovascular Division and Global Health Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Abigail S Baldridge
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hiba Abbas
- Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jairo Mejia
- Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Namratha R Kandula
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen D Persell
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Primary Care Innovation, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James J Paparello
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aashima Chopra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Priya Tripathi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - My H Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clara K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jody D Ciolino
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Data Analysis and Coordinating Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Kovoor JG, Chow CK, Salam A, Webster R, Shiel L, Nelson MR, Affandi JS, Hay P, Burke M, Figtree GA, Usherwood T, Reid CM, Schlaich MP, Rodgers A, Atkins ER. Participants' views of ultra-low dose combination therapy for high blood pressure: a mixed-methods study from the QUARTET trial. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:516-522. [PMID: 38744907 PMCID: PMC11166564 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-024-00915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Single-pill combination therapy containing four quarter-dose medications for high blood pressure improves BP control compared to monotherapy, however patient-reported acceptance of the quadpill as a treatment strategy remains undescribed. We collected within-trial feedback and interviewed participants from the quadruple ultra-low-dose treatment for hypertension (QUARTET) trial to characterise patient attitudes to this intervention. All trial participants were asked about ease and preference for the quadpill and provided an opportunity to give further comments on the trial at 12 weeks (trial primary endpoint) and 52 weeks extended follow-up. Separately, we used purposive and quota sampling for the semi-structured telephone interviews, with the resultant verbatim transcripts analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Themes were re-evaluated after each successive interview, and at suspected data saturation, an additional interview conducted for confirmation. At 12 weeks follow-up, 502 of 591 (85%) participants responded to acceptability questions, and 359 of 417 (86%) responded at week 52. Most reported the trial capsule easy or very easy to take. From eight sites, 16 participants were interviewed between 5 August 2020 and 19 November 2020. All described a positive experience, preferred once-daily morning dosing and found routine facilitated adherence. Participants valued individual responsibility for adherence, and involvement of the general practitioner in blood-pressure management. Most reported capsule size did not deter adherence but desired a smaller capsule. Participants described a preference for minimising number and dosage of medications, reduced capsule size, and once-daily morning dosing. These findings suggest a preference for single-pill combination therapy for blood pressure lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Kovoor
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ballarat Base Hospital, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdul Salam
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ruth Webster
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Population Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise Shiel
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jacquita S Affandi
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Hay
- Castle Hill Medical Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Gemma A Figtree
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Usherwood
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit and RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily R Atkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Nolde JM, Atkins E, Marschner S, Hillis GS, Chalmers J, Billiot L, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Hay P, Burke M, Jansen S, Usherwood T, Rodgers A, Chow CK, Schlaich MP. Ambulatory blood pressure after 12 weeks of quadruple combination of quarter doses of blood pressure medication vs. standard medication. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1009-1018. [PMID: 38501351 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of four ultra-low-dose blood pressure (BP) medications lowered office BP more effectively than initial monotherapy in the QUARTET trial. The effects on average ambulatory BP changes at 12 weeks have not yet been reported in detail. METHODS Adults with hypertension who were untreated or on monotherapy were eligible for participation. Overall, 591 participants were randomized to either the quadpill (irbesartan 37.5 mg, amlodipine 1.25 mg, indapamide 0.625 mg, and bisoprolol 2.5 mg) or monotherapy control (irbesartan 150 mg). The difference in 24-h, daytime, and night-time systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP at 12 weeks along further metrics were predefined secondary outcomes. RESULTS Of 576 participants, 289 were randomized to the quadpill group and 287 to the monotherapy group. At 12 weeks, mean 24-h ambulatory SBP and DBP were 7.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 9.6-5.8] and 5.3 (95% CI: 6.5-4.1) mmHg lower in the quadpill vs. monotherapy group ( P < 0.001 for both). Similar reductions in the quadpill group were observed for daytime (8.1/5.7 mmHg lower) and night-time (6.3/4.0 mmHg lower) BP at 12 weeks (all P < 0.001) compared to monotherapy. The rate of BP control (24-h average BP < 130/80 mmHg) at 12 weeks was higher in the quadpill group (77 vs. 50%; P < 0.001). The reduction in BP load was also more pronounced with the quadpill. CONCLUSION A quadruple quarter-dose combination compared with monotherapy resulted in greater ambulatory BP lowering across the entire 24-h period with higher ambulatory BP control rates and reduced BP variability at 12 weeks. These findings further substantiate the efficacy of an ultra-low-dose quadpill-based BP lowering strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Emily Atkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Simone Marschner
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Graham S Hillis
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
| | - Laurent Billiot
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine Monash University, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | | | - Michael Burke
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales
| | | | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
| | - Clara K Chow
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
- Neurovascular Hypertension & Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Espinosa EVP, Matute EM, Sosa Guzmán DM, Khasawneh FT. The Polypill: A New Alternative in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3179. [PMID: 38892892 PMCID: PMC11172978 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death and disability worldwide. Although age-standardized CVD mortality rates decreased globally by 14.5% between 2006 and 2016, the burden of CVD remains disproportionately higher in low- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries. Even though proven, effective approaches based on multiple-drug intake aimed at the prevention and treatment of CVD are currently available, poor adherence, early discontinuation of treatment, and suboptimal daily execution of the prescribed therapeutic regimes give rise to shortfalls in drug exposure, leading to high variability in the responses to the prescribed medications. Wald and Law, in their landmark paper published in BMJ 2003, hypothesized that the use of a fixed-dose combination of statins, β-blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and aspirin (classic Polypill composition) may increase adherence and decrease CVD by up to 80% when prescribed as primary prevention or in substitution of traditional protocols. Since then, many clinical trials have tested this hypothesis, with comparable results. This review aims to describe the available clinical trials performed to assess the impact of fixed-dose combinations on adherence, cost-effectiveness, and the risk factors critical to the onset of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enma V. Páez Espinosa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito 170143, Ecuador;
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Eugenia Mato Matute
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Delia M. Sosa Guzmán
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito 170143, Ecuador;
| | - Fadi T. Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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13
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Mostafa N, Chen PJ, Darwish SS, Su YC, Shiao MH, Piazza GA, Abadi AH, Engel M, Abdel-Halim M. N-Benzylated 5-Hydroxybenzothiophene-2-carboxamides as Multi-Targeted Clk/Dyrk Inhibitors and Potential Anticancer Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2033. [PMID: 38893153 PMCID: PMC11171218 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that Dyrk1A, Dyrk1B, and Clk1 are overexpressed in multiple cancers, suggesting a role in malignant disease. Here, we introduce a novel class of group-selective kinase inhibitors targeting Dyrk1A, Dyrk1B, and Clk1. This was achieved by modifying our earlier selective Clk1 inhibitors, which were based on the 5-methoxybenzothiophene-2-carboxamide scaffold. By incorporating a 5-hydroxy group, we increased the potential for additional hydrogen bond interactions that broadened the inhibitory effect to include Dyrk1A and Dyrk1B kinases. Within this series, compounds 12 and 17 emerged as the most potent multi-kinase inhibitors against Dyrk1A, Dyrk1B, and Clk1. Furthermore, when assessed against the most closely related kinases also implicated in cancer, the frontrunner compounds revealed additional inhibitory activity against Haspin and Clk2. Compounds 12 and 17 displayed high potency across various cancer cell lines with minimal effect on non-tumor cells. By examining the effect of these inhibitors on cell cycle distribution, compound 17 retained cells in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Compounds 12 and 17 could also increase levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, while decreasing the expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. These findings support the further study and development of these compounds as novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo 12256, Egypt
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan;
| | - Sarah S. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11578, Egypt
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hua Shiao
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan;
| | - Gary A. Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, USA;
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
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14
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De Luca L, Di Fusco SA, Iannopollo G, Mistrulli R, Rizzello V, Aimo A, Navazio A, Bilato C, Corda M, Di Marco M, Geraci G, Iacovoni A, Milli M, Pascale V, Riccio C, Scicchitano P, Tizzani E, Gabrielli D, Grimaldi M, Colivicchi F, Oliva F. Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri (ANMCO) scientific statement on the simplification of the drug regimen for secondary cardiovascular prevention. Eur Heart J Suppl 2024; 26:ii236-ii251. [PMID: 38784670 PMCID: PMC11110452 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The issue of suboptimal drug regimen adherence in secondary cardiovascular prevention presents a significant barrier to improving patient outcomes. To address this, the utilization of drug combinations, specifically single pill combinations (SPCs) and polypills, was proposed as a strategy to simplify treatment regimens. This approach aims to enhance treatment accessibility, affordability, and adherence, thereby reducing healthcare costs and improving patient health. The document is an Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri (ANMCO) scientific statement on simplifying drug regimens for secondary cardiovascular prevention. It discusses the underuse of treatments despite available, effective, and accessible options, highlighting a significant gap in secondary prevention across different socio-economic statuses and countries. The statement explores barriers to implementing evidence-based treatments, including patient, healthcare provider, and system-related challenges. The paper also reviews international guidelines, the role of SPCs and polypills in clinical practice, and their economic impact, advocating for their use in secondary prevention to improve patient outcomes and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Angela Di Fusco
- UOC Cardiologia Clinica e Riabilitativa, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri—ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Mistrulli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Università degli studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Aimo
- UOC Cardiologia, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Navazio
- SOC Cardiologia Ospedaliera, Presidio Ospedaliero Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia—IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudio Bilato
- UOC Cardiologia, Ospedali dell'Ovest Vicentino, Azienda ULSS 8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marco Corda
- SC Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Geraci
- UOC Cardiologia, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Trapani, Italy
| | - Attilio Iacovoni
- SSD Chirurgia dei Trapianti e del Trattamento Chirurgico dello Scompenso, Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Massimo Milli
- Cardiologia Firenze 1 (Ospedali S. Maria Nuova e Nuovo San Giovanni di Dio), Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Firenze, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pascale
- UTIC-Emodinamica e Cardiologia Interventistica, Ospedale Civile Pugliese, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Riccio
- U.O.S.D. Follow-up del Paziente Post-Acuto, Dipartimento Cardio-Vascolare, AORN Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Tizzani
- Dipartimento di Cardiologia, Ospedale degli Infermi, Rivoli, TO, Italy
| | - Domenico Gabrielli
- Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, U.O.C. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Grimaldi
- U.O.C. Cardiologia-UTIC, Ospedale Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, BA, Italy
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- UOC Cardiologia Clinica e Riabilitativa, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri—ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiologia 1-Emodinamica, Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare “A. De Gasperis”, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
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15
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Hias J, Defieuw L, Vanassche T, Verhamme P, Van der Linden L. Therapy and guideline adherence at a multidisciplinary hypertension clinic: A prospective, observational study. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107271. [PMID: 38159830 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is highly prevalent and remains one of the most frequent and preventable causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Yet, suboptimal blood pressure control is common. Hypertension clinics might play an important role in improving target attainment, by targeting drug therapy adherence, improving guideline compliance and by involving pharmacists. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize patient drug therapy adherence, prescriber guideline compliance and pharmacist interventions at the hypertension clinic. METHODS A prospective observational study was performed at the hypertension clinic of a large, academic hospital. Adult Dutch-speaking patients were eligible for inclusion. Following data were collected: patient demographics, medication use, patient adherence to prescribed antihypertensive drug therapies according to the BAASIS tool and prescriber compliance to the 2018 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) hypertension guidelines. RESULTS A cohort of 108 patients was included with 51.9% male and aged 65 (IQR: 52-75) years. In total, 104 patients took at least 1 antihypertensive drug and 46 patients (44.2%) were classified as non-adherent with regard to their antihypertensive treatment; 82 patients (78.8%) had suboptimal blood pressure control. Compliance with the ESC guidelines was 66.3% prior to the consultation at the clinic and significantly increased to 77.9% thereafter (p = 0.0015). The clinical pharmacist performed a medication review for 27 patients with a total of 44 recommendations and an acceptance rate of 59.1%. CONCLUSION A visit to the multidisciplinary hypertension clinic improved prescriber guideline compliance and the use of single pill combinations. Involvement of a clinical pharmacist could be beneficial to further improve patient drug therapy adherence and guideline compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hias
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Hospital Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Defieuw
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorenz Van der Linden
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Hospital Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Rodgers A, Salam A, Cushman W, de Silva A, Di Tanna GL, Gnanenthiran SR, Grobbee D, Narkiewicz K, Ojji D, Oparil S, Poulter N, Schlaich MP, Schutte AE, Spiering W, Williams B, Wright JT, Whelton P. Rationale for a New Low-Dose Triple Single Pill Combination for the Treatment of Hypertension. Glob Heart 2024; 19:18. [PMID: 38371656 PMCID: PMC10870947 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Two recent large trials showed the potential of single pill combinations (SPCs) with ≥3 low-dose components among people with hypertension who were untreated or receiving monotherapy. In both trials, these 'hypertension polypills' were superior to usual care, achieving >80% BP control without increasing withdrawal due to side effects. However, there are no such products available for prescribers. To address this unmet need, George Medicines developed GMRx2 with telmisartan/amlodipine/indapamide in three strengths (mg): 10/1.25/0.625, 20/2.5/1.25; 40/5/2.5. Two pivotal trials are ongoing to support FDA submission for the treatment of hypertension, including initial treatment. These assess efficacy and safety of GMRx2 compared to: placebo, and each of the three possible dual combinations. Regulatory submissions are planned for 2024, with the aim of providing access to GMRx2 in developed and developing regions. Wider implementation of GMRx2-based treatment strategies will be guided by further research to inform access and appropriate scale up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abdul Salam
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, India
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | | | | | - Gian Luca Di Tanna
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Switzerland
| | | | - Diederick Grobbee
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aletta E. Schutte
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wilko Spiering
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jackson T. Wright
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Paul Whelton
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
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17
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Gray MP, Vogel B, Mehran R, Leopold JA, Figtree GA. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. Climacteric 2024; 27:104-112. [PMID: 38197424 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2282685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in both men and women. Strategies targeting traditional modifiable risk factors are essential - including hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus - particularly for atherosclerosis, but additionally for stroke, heart failure and some arrhythmias. However, challenges related to education, screening and equitable access to effective preventative therapies persist, and are particularly problematic for women around the globe and those from lower socioeconomic groups. The association of female-specific risk factors (e.g. premature menopause, gestational hypertension, small for gestational age births) with CVD provides a potential window for targeted prevention strategies. However, further evidence for specific effective screening and interventions is urgently required. In addition to population-level factors involved in increasing the risk of suffering a CVD event, efforts are leveraging the enormous potential of blood-based 'omics', improved imaging biomarkers and increasingly complex bioinformatic analytic approaches to strive toward more personalized early disease detection and personalized preventative therapies. These novel tactics may be particularly relevant for women in whom traditional risk factors perform poorly. Here we discuss established and emerging approaches for improving risk assessment, early disease detection and effective preventative strategies to reduce the mammoth burden of CVD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Gray
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Vogel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Mehran
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Leopold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G A Figtree
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Lauder L, Mahfoud F, Böhm M. Management of Resistant Hypertension. Annu Rev Med 2024; 75:443-457. [PMID: 37738507 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050922-052605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Resistant hypertension (RH) is a severe form of hypertension associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Although true RH affects less than 10% of the patients receiving antihypertensive therapy, the absolute number is high and continues to increase. The workup of these patients requires screening for secondary hypertension and pseudoresistance, including poor adherence to prescribed medicines and the white-coat phenomenon. The treatment of RH consists of lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapies. Lifestyle modifications include dietary adjustments, weight loss, physical activity, and limiting alcohol consumption; pharmacological therapies include diuretics, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, beta blockers, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, and others. Over the last 15 years, interventional approaches have emerged as adjunct treatment options; we highlight catheter-based renal denervation. This review summarizes the rationales and latest clinical evidence and, based thereon, proposes an updated algorithm for the management of RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lauder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; , ,
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; , ,
| | - Michael Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; , ,
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Zhao X, Li X, Liu T, Yang G, Chen Y, Huang M, Zhao L, Li X, Jiang W. Initial treatment with a single capsule containing half-dose quadruple therapy versus standard-dose dual therapy in hypertensive patients (QUADUAL): statistical analysis plan for a randomized, blinded, crossover trial. Trials 2024; 25:45. [PMID: 38218924 PMCID: PMC10787485 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined antihypertensive therapy has obvious advantages over single drug therapy. Hypertension guidelines fully affirm the efficacy of dual combination in initial antihypertensive therapy. Recent studies have also pointed out that the quadruple combination of very low-dose antihypertensive drugs is superior to single drugs. However, whether low-dose quadruple therapy is better than dual combination is unknown. METHODS/DESIGN A randomized double-blind crossover clinical trial will be conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of low-dose quadruple antihypertensives (irbesartan 75 mg + metoprolol 23.75 mg + amlodipine 2.5 mg + indapamide 1.25 mg) with standard-dose dual antihypertensives (irbesartan 150 mg + amlodipine 5 mg) in the initial treatment of patients with mild to moderate hypertension (140-179/90-109 mmHg). Ninety patients are required and will be recruited and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to two crossover groups. Two groups will receive a different combination therapy for 4 weeks, then switch to the other combination therapy for 4 weeks, with a 2-week wash-out. Antihypertensive effects and related adverse effects of the two antihypertensive combination treatments will be compared. The primary outcome, i.e., mean 24-h systolic blood pressure in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, will be assessed via linear mixed-effects model. DISCUSSION This statistical analysis plan will be confirmed prior to blind review and data lock before un-blinding and is sought to increase the validity of the QUADUAL trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05377203. Registered May 11, 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05377203 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiexiong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xingli Li
- Department of Epidemiology, XiangYa School of Public Health, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, XiangYa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Hypertension Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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20
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Sanuade OA, Jacobson TA, Quintana A, Flowers FM, Abbasi H, Vu MH, Baldridge AS, Mejia J, Lazar D, Ciolino JD, Huffman MD, Kandula NR. Process Evaluation of a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of a Quadruple Ultra-Low-Dose Treatment for Hypertension Within a Federally Qualified Health Center Network (QUARTET USA). J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032236. [PMID: 38156601 PMCID: PMC10863813 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This convergent parallel-design mixed-methods process evaluation of the QUARTET USA (Quadruple Ultra-Low-Dose Treatment for Hypertension USA) clinical trial (NCT03640312) explores patient and health care professional perceptions about the use of low-dose quadruple therapy (LDQT) as a novel strategy for hypertension management. METHODS AND RESULTS A survey of all 62 patients enrolled in the QUARTET USA trial was conducted. A subsample of 13 patients and 11 health care professionals, recruited via purposive sampling, took part in semistructured interviews. At enrollment, 68% of participants (mean [SD] age, 51.7 [11.5] years; 56% self-identified as Hispanic: Mexican ethnicity, 16% as Hispanic: other ethnicity, 16% as Black race, 8% as White race, and 1.6% as South Asian race) reported that their current health depended on blood pressure medications, and 48% were concerned about blood pressure medications. At trial completion, 80% were satisfied with LDQT, 96% were certain the benefits of taking LDQT outweighed the disadvantages, and 96% reported that LDQT was convenient to take. Both patients and health care professionals found LDQT acceptable because it reduced patients' perceived pill burden and facilitated medication adherence. Health care professionals stated that a perceived limitation of LDQT was the inability to titrate doses. Steps to facilitate LDQT implementation include introducing stepped-care combinations and treatment protocols, inclusion in clinical practice guidelines, and eliminating patient cost barriers. CONCLUSIONS LDQT was an acceptable strategy for hypertension treatment among patients and health care professionals involved in the QUARTET USA clinical trial. Although LDQT was generally perceived as beneficial for maintaining patients' blood pressure control and facilitating adherence, some clinicians perceived limitations in titration inflexibility, adverse effects, and costs. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03640312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutobi A. Sanuade
- Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Department of Population Health SciencesSpencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | | | | | | | | | - My H. Vu
- Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark D. Huffman
- Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL
- Cardiovascular Division and Global Health CenterWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
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21
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Tetteh EK, Geng EH, Huffman MD. Developing ethical standards for dissemination and implementation research: a roadmap for consensus and guidance. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:132. [PMID: 37932842 PMCID: PMC10629054 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a relatively new field, dissemination and implementation research has not been included as a separate study design category for ethical consideration compared with clinical and social/behavioral research, yet it should be based on unique study designs, targets of intervention, and corresponding risks. MAIN TEXT Research teams conducting dissemination and implementation research have raised important questions related to the responsible conduct of research such as collecting informed consent, site monitoring, identifying and mitigating risks of unintended consequences, and adverse event ascertainment and reporting in dissemination and implementation research. In this commentary, we highlight the need for guidance and consensus standards on ethical issues in dissemination and implementation research and describe some ethical domains and relevant questions in dissemination and implementation research. Additionally, we propose a process for conceptual development and a research agenda to create consensus standards for the responsible conduct of research for dissemination and implementation research. CONCLUSION Thorough research is needed to understand the depth of ethical issues in dissemination and implementation research. A consensus-seeking process will be needed to develop new bioethical standards that carefully identify, measure, and mitigate unintended consequences in dissemination and implementation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K Tetteh
- Office of Health Information and Data Science, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Elvin H Geng
- Division of Infectious Disease, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark D Huffman
- Cardiovascular Division and Global Health Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Bryan AS, Moran AE, Mobley CM, Derington CG, Rodgers A, Zhang Y, Fontil V, Shea S, Bellows BK. Cost-effectiveness analysis of initial treatment with single-pill combination antihypertensive medications. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:985-992. [PMID: 36792728 PMCID: PMC10425570 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension guidelines recommend initiating treatment with single pill combination (SPC) antihypertensive medications, but SPCs are used by only one-third of treated hypertensive US adults. This analysis estimated the cost-effectiveness of initial treatment with SPC dual antihypertensive medications compared with usual care monotherapy in hypertensive US adults.The validated BP Control Model-Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Policy Model simulated initial SPC dual therapy (two half-standard doses in a single pill) compared with initial usual care monotherapy (half-standard dose when baseline systolic BP < 20 mmHg above goal and one standard dose when ≥20 mmHg above goal). Secondary analyses examined equivalent dose monotherapy (one standard dose) and equivalent dose dual therapy as separate pills (two half-standard doses). The primary outcomes were direct healthcare costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) over 10 years from a US healthcare sector perspective.At 10 years, initial dual drug SPC was projected to yield 0.028 (95%UI 0.008 to 0.051) more QALYs at no greater cost ($73, 95%UI -$1 983 to $1 629) than usual care monotherapy. In secondary analysis, SPC dual therapy was cost-effective vs. equivalent dose monotherapy (ICER $8 000/QALY gained) and equivalent dose dual therapy as separate pills (ICER $57 000/QALY gained). At average drug prices, initiating antihypertensive treatment with SPC dual therapy is more effective at no greater cost than usual care initial monotherapy and has the potential to improve BP control rates and reduce the burden of CVD in the US.
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23
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Abuelazm M, Ali S, Saleh O, Badr A, Altobaishat O, AlBarakat MM, Aboutaleb A, Siddiq A, Abdelazeem B. The Safety and Efficacy of Quadruple Ultra-Low-Dose Combination (Quadpill) for Hypertension Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Drug Investig 2023; 43:813-826. [PMID: 37902939 PMCID: PMC10632290 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-023-01313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Quadpill, a single pill containing a quadruple combination of quarter doses of four antihypertensive agents, has been investigated for hypertension treatment. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of quadpill for hypertension management. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials evaluating quadpill versus monotherapy or placebo in patients with hypertension, which were retrieved by systematically searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through 17 February, 2023. Continuous and dichotomous outcomes were pooled using mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR) along with confidence interval (CI), using Revman Version 5.4 software. Our protocol has been published in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42023406527. RESULTS Four randomized controlled trials with a total of 779 patients were included in our analysis. Quadpill was effective in controlling systolic blood pressure in the short term [4-6 weeks] (RR: - 13.00 with 95% CI [- 17.22, - 8.78], p = 0.00001) and in the long term [12 weeks] (RR: - 6.18 with 95% CI [- 9.35, - 3.01], p = 0.0001). Quadpill was also effective in controlling automated diastolic blood pressure in the short term [4-6 weeks] (MD: - 8.15 with 95% CI [- 9.42, - 6.89], p = 0.00001) and in the long term [12 weeks] (MD: - 6.35 with 95% CI [- 10.37, - 2.33], p = 0.002). Moreover, patients in the quadpill group significantly achieved target blood pressure <140/90 (RR: 1.77 with 95% CI [1.26, 2.51], p = 0.001) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The quadruple ultra-low-dose combination of antihypertensive drugs (quadpill) was effective and safe for hypertension treatment. However, further large-scale, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are still warranted before endorsement in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Othman Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Amr Badr
- Department of Cardiology, Benha Teaching Hospital, Benha, Egypt
| | - Obieda Altobaishat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Majd M AlBarakat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aya Aboutaleb
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Shaibet an Nakareyah, Zagazig, 44519, Ash Sharqia Governorate, Egypt.
| | | | - Basel Abdelazeem
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
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24
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Bellows BK, Kazi DS. Ultralow-dose quadruple combination therapy: a cost-effective solution for hypertension control. Heart 2023; 109:1659-1660. [PMID: 37553139 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2023-323007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K Bellows
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dhruv S Kazi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiology and Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Atkins ER, Chye A, Lung T, Nolde JM, Billot L, Burke M, Chalmers J, Figtree GA, Hay P, Hillis GS, Jansen S, Marschner S, Neal B, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Usherwood T, Schlaich M, Chow CK, Rodgers A. Cost-effectiveness of ultra-low-dose quadruple combination therapy for high blood pressure. Heart 2023; 109:1698-1705. [PMID: 37553138 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-322300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of a quadpill containing irbesartan 37.5 mg, amlodipine 1.25 mg, indapamide 0.625 mg and bisoprolol 2.5 mg in comparison with irbesartan 150 mg for people with hypertension who are either untreated or receiving monotherapy. METHODS We conducted a within-trial and modelled economic evaluation of the Quadruple UltrA-low-dose tReaTment for hypErTension trial. The analysis was preplanned, and medications and health service use captured during the trial. The main outcomes were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for cost per mm Hg systolic blood pressure (BP) reduction at 3 months, and modelled cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) over a lifetime. RESULTS The within-trial analysis showed no clear difference in cost per mm Hg BP lowering between randomised treatments at 3 months ($A10 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) $A -18 to $A37) per mm Hg per person) for quadpill versus monotherapy. The modelled cost-utility over a lifetime projected a mean incremental cost of $A265 (95% UI $A166 to $A357) and a mean 0.02 QALYs gained (95% UI 0.01 to 0.03) per person with quadpill therapy compared with monotherapy. Quadpill therapy was cost-effective in the base case (ICER of $A14 006 per QALY), and the result was sensitive to the quadpill cost in one-way sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS Quadpill in comparison with monotherapy is comparably cost-effective for short-term BP lowering. In the long-term, quadpill therapy is likely to be cost-effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTRN12616001144404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Atkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Chye
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Lung
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laurent Billot
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Burke
- Kildare Road Medical Centre, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Hay
- Castle Hill Medical Centre, Castle Hill, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graham S Hillis
- UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shirley Jansen
- UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simone Marschner
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Neal
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Discipline of General Practice, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Fogacci F, Degli Esposti D, Di Micoli A, Fiorini G, Veronesi M, Borghi C, Cicero AFG. Effect of dietary supplementation with Diuripres® on blood pressure, vascular health, and metabolic parameters in individuals with high-normal blood pressure or stage I hypertension: The CONDOR randomized clinical study. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4851-4861. [PMID: 37448322 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate if a nutritional intervention with a dietary supplement (Diuripres®) containing magnesium, standardized extract of orthosiphon, hawthorn, and hibiscus could positively affect blood pressure (BP), vascular health, and metabolic parameters in 60 individuals with high-normal BP or stage I hypertension. Participants followed a low-fat low-sodium Mediterranean diet for 4 weeks before being randomly allocated to 8-week treatment with two pills each day of either Diuripres® or placebo. Diuripres® significantly decreased systolic BP compared to placebo after 4 weeks (3.1 ± 0.8 mmHg; p < 0.05) and more consistently after 8 weeks (3.4 ± 0.9 mmHg; p < 0.05). At 8-week follow-up, after correction for multiple testing, dietary supplementation with Diuripres® was associated with significant improvements in diastolic BP (-3.1 ± 0.6 mmHg; p < 0.05), aortic BP (-4.3 ± 0.4 mmHg; p < 0.05), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; 0.04 ± 0.01 mg/dL; p < 0.05) in comparison with baseline. The reductions in diastolic BP (--3.8 ± 0.7 mmHg; p < 0.05), aortic BP (-5.2 ± 1.0 mmHg; p < 0.05), and hs-CRP (-0.03 ± 0.01 mg/dL; p < 0.05) were also significant compared to placebo. Therefore, our study shows that dietary supplementation with Diuripres® may be useful in individuals with high-normal BP or stage I hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Degli Esposti
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Micoli
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiorini
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Veronesi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Zhao X, Chen Y, Yang G, Li X, Tang X, Yang Q, Peng L, Li J, Liang Z, Li A, Wang W, Huang M, Liu T, Li X, Jiang W. Initial treatment with a single capsule containing half-dose quadruple therapy vs standard-dose dual therapy in hypertensive patients (QUADUAL): Study protocol for a randomized, blinded, crossover trial. Am Heart J 2023; 264:10-19. [PMID: 37276913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined antihypertensive therapy has obvious advantages over single drug therapy. Hypertension guidelines fully affirm the efficacy of dual combination in initial antihypertensive therapy. Recent studies have also pointed out that the quadruple combination of very low-dose antihypertensive drugs is superior to single drugs. However, whether low-dose quadruple therapy is better than dual combination is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of half-dose quadruple therapy vs standard-dose dual therapy in the initial treatment of hypertensive patients with systolic/diastolic blood pressure 140-179/90-109 mm Hg. METHODS A randomized double-blind crossover clinical trial will be conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of low-dose quadruple antihypertensives (irbesartan 75 mg + metoprolol 23.75 mg + amlodipine 2.5 mg + indapamide 1.25 mg) with standard-dose dual antihypertensives (irbesartan 150 mg + amlodipine 5 mg) in the initial treatment of patients with mild to moderate hypertension (140-179/90-109 mm Hg). Ninety patients are required and will be recruited and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to 2 crossover groups. Two groups will receive a different combination therapy for 4 weeks, then switch to the other combination therapy for 4 weeks, with a 2-week wash-out. The patients will be followed up for 4 weeks to compare the antihypertensive effects and related adverse effects of the 2 antihypertensive combination treatments. CONCLUSIONS We present the rationale for the design of the QUADUAL trial. The trial started in July 2022 and is expected to be completed by August 2023. The study aims to evaluate if an initial treatment regimen of quadruple combination of half-dose blood pressure medications will result in greater reduction in blood pressure and fewer side effects compared to standard dose dual therapy. REGISTRATION www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (NCT05377203).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiexiong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingli Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingle Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongshu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Anying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hypertension Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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O'Hagan ET, McIntyre D, Nguyen T, Chow CK. Hypertension therapy using fixed-dose polypills that contain at least three medications. Heart 2023; 109:1273-1280. [PMID: 36810213 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapy may provide a solution to treatment gaps by overcoming reasons for therapeutic inertia. To synthesise and report on available evidence on standard or low-dose combination medicines that combine at least three antihypertensive medicines. A literature search was conducted via Scopus, Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane clinical trials database. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were randomised clinical trials that included adults (>18 years) and examined the impact of at least three antihypertensive medications on blood pressure (BP). A total of 18 trials (n=14 307) were identified that examined combinations of three or four antihypertensive medicines. Ten trials investigated the effect of a standard dose triple combination polypill, four the effect of a low-dose triple and four the effect of a low-dose quadruple combination polypill. The mean difference (MD) in systolic BP ranged from -10.6 to -41.4 for the standard dose triple combination polypill in comparison with 2.1 to -34.5 for dual combination; -9.8 to -20.6 for a low-dose combination polypill in comparison with a MD of -0.9 to -5.2 for placebo; -9.0 to -29.3 for a low-dose combination polypill compared with -2.0 to -20.6 for monotherapy or usual care. All trials reported similar rates of adverse events. Ten studies reported medication adherence, six reported >95% adherence. Triple and quadruple combination antihypertensive medications are effective. Studies of low-dose triple and quadruple combinations involving treatment naïve populations suggest initiating such combinations are safe and effective as first-line therapy for stage 2 hypertension (BP >140/90 mm Hg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel T O'Hagan
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel McIntyre
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tu Nguyen
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Nolde JM, Atkins E, Marschner S, Hillis GS, Chalmers J, Billot L, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Hay P, Burke M, Jansen S, Usherwood T, Rodgers A, Chow CK, Schlaich MP. Effect of Initial Treatment With a Single Pill Containing Quadruple Combination of Quarter Doses of Blood Pressure Medicines Versus Standard Dose Monotherapy in Patients With Hypertension on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Indices: Results From the QUARTET Study. Circulation 2023; 148:375-377. [PMID: 37486996 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth (J.M.N., M.P.S.)
| | | | - Simone Marschner
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (F.A., S.M., T.U., C.K.C.)
| | - Graham S Hillis
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia, and School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth (G.S.H., M.PS.)
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (F.A., J.C., L.B., T.U., A.R., C.K.C.)
| | - Laurent Billot
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (F.A., J.C., L.B., T.U., A.R., C.K.C.)
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (M.R.N.)
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine Monash University, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia (C.M.R.)
| | - Peter Hay
- Castle Hill Medical Centre Sydney, Australia (P.H.)
| | - Michael Burke
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia (M.B.)
| | | | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (F.A., J.C., L.B., T.U., A.R., C.K.C.)
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (F.A., S.M., T.U., C.K.C.)
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (F.A., J.C., L.B., T.U., A.R., C.K.C.)
| | - Clara K Chow
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (F.A., J.C., L.B., T.U., A.R., C.K.C.)
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (F.A., S.M., T.U., C.K.C.)
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth (J.M.N., M.P.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia, and School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth (G.S.H., M.PS.)
- Neurovascular Hypertension & Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.P.S.)
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Kim MC, Ahn Y, Kim MH, Kim SY, Hong TJ, Rhee MY, Kim SH, Hong SJ, Kim H, Kim W, Chae IH, Kang DH, Kim BK, Kim HS. A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Quadruple Combination of Amlodipine, Losartan, Rosuvastatin, and Ezetimibe in Patients with Concomitant Essential Hypertension and Dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2023:10.1007/s40256-023-00590-9. [PMID: 37395974 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-023-00590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data are available regarding the efficacy and safety of a single-pill combination (SPC) consisting of four medications in patients with concomitant hypertension and dyslipidemia. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the efficacy and tolerability of a fixed-dose SPC consisting of 5 mg amlodipine, 100 mg losartan, 20 mg rosuvastatin, and 10 mg ezetimibe (A/L/R/E) in patients with concomitant hypertension and dyslipidemia. METHODS This was a 14-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial. In total, 145 patients were randomized to receive A/L/R/E, A/L, or L/R/E. The primary endpoints were the average change in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level in the A/L/R/E and A/L groups and the sitting systolic blood pressure (sitSBP) in the A/L/R/E and L/R/E groups. The numbers of patients with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were compared as safety variables. RESULTS The average percentage change in the LDL-C level as the least squares mean (LSM) from the baseline LDL-C level at the end of the 8-week treatment was - 59.0% in the A/L/R/E group and 0.2% in the A/L group (LSM difference - 59.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 68.1 to - 50.4; p < 0.0001). The average change in the sitSBP as the LSM was - 15.8 mmHg in the A/L/R/E group and -4.7 mmHg in the L/R/E group (LSM difference - 11.1, 95% CI - 16.8 to - 5.4; p = 0.0002). No ADRs occurred in the A/L/R/E group. CONCLUSIONS A/L/R/E as an SPC could be an effective treatment for patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia without significant safety issues. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT04074551 (registered 30 August 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chul Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Hyun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University Medical School, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yeon Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Jong Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Medical School, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yong Rhee
- Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Seoul Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jun Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseop Kim
- Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Chae
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hyun Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Keuk Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University Medical School, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Wang N, Rueter P, Atkins E, Webster R, Huffman M, de Silva A, Chow C, Patel A, Rodgers A. Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Triple and Quadruple Combination Pills vs Monotherapy, Usual Care, or Placebo for the Initial Management of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol 2023; 8:606-611. [PMID: 37099314 PMCID: PMC10134039 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Low-dose combination (LDC) antihypertensives consisting of 3 or 4 blood pressure (BP)-lowering drugs have emerged as a potentially important therapy for the initial management of hypertension. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of LDC therapies for the management of hypertension. Data Sources PubMed and Medline were searched from date of inception until September 2022. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials comparing LDC consisting of 3 or 4 BP-lowering drugs compared to either monotherapy, usual care, or placebo. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted by 2 independent authors and synthesized using both random and fixed-effects models using risk ratios (RR) for binary outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was mean reduction in systolic BP (SBP) between LDC and monotherapy, usual care, or placebo. Other outcomes of interest included the proportion of patients achieving BP less than 140/90 mm Hg, rates of adverse effects, and treatment withdrawal. Results Seven trials with a total of 1918 patients (mean [mean range] age, 59 [50-70] years; 739 [38%] female) were included. Four trials involved triple-component LDC and 3 involved quadruple-component LDC. At 4 to 12 weeks follow-up, LDC was associated with a greater mean reduction in SBP than initial monotherapy or usual care (mean reduction, 7.4 mm Hg; 95% CI, 4.3-10.5) and placebo (mean reduction, 18.0 mm Hg; 95% CI, 15.1-20.8). LDC was associated with a higher proportion of participants achieving BP less than 140/90 mm Hg at 4 to 12 weeks compared to both monotherapy or usual care (66% vs 46%; RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27-1.52) and placebo (54% vs 18%; RR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.93-4.77). There was no significant heterogeneity between trials enrolling patients with and without baseline BP-lowering therapy. Results from 2 trials indicated LDC remained superior to monotherapy or usual care at 6 to 12 months. LDC was associated with more dizziness (14% vs 11%; RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.00-1.63) but no other adverse effects nor treatment withdrawal. Conclusions and Relevance The findings in the study showed that LDCs with 3 or 4 antihypertensives were an effective and well-tolerated BP-lowering treatment option for the initial or early management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phidias Rueter
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Atkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth Webster
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Huffman
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Global Health Center, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Asita de Silva
- Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Clara Chow
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anushka Patel
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Despang P, Schikora M, Doehner W. [The polypill in cardiovascular prevention: successful through simplification? : New study results on the benefit of the polypill strategy in primary and secondary prevention]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 64:598-604. [PMID: 37227456 PMCID: PMC10235141 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is still the major cause of death worldwide. Beside the elevated blood pressure, a major modifiable risk factor is the elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Although both risk factors are well manageable, therapeutic control remains poor with low adherence to medication being a major cause of insufficient treatment success. One solution to overcome this issue is the polypill concept, i.e. a combination of different drugs in one tablet. This not only increases adherence but also significantly improves patients' prognosis by reducing cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on current evidence published in randomized control trials in primary and secondary prevention. A major focus is on the recently published SECURE trial dealing with the polypill in secondary prevention. CURRENT DATA Most trials dealing with the polypill concept focus on the control of risk factors such as blood pressure and LDL cholesterol while lacking a prognostic benefit in the form of a reduction in cardiovascular events. Recent trials such as the HOPE‑3, PolyIran and TIPS‑3 trials have shown a prognostic improvement for the polypill in primary prevention. In secondary prevention there has been a lack of prognostic benefit for the polypill to date. The recently published SECURE trial closed this gap by showing a significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in post-infarct patients and also showing a reduction in cardiovascular death by 33%. CONCLUSION The concept of the polypill has evolved from a comfort method for patients aimed at facilitating adherence to an innovative therapeutic concept with a proven prognostic advantage compared to current treatment practice by reducing cardiovascular events and mortality. Therefore, it is time to implement the concept of the polypill in primary and secondary prevention to improve patients' prognosis and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Despang
- Medizinische Abteilung, APONTIS PHARMA GmbH & Co. KG, Monheim, Deutschland
| | - Martin Schikora
- Kardiologische Abteilung, Brandenburgklinik, Michels Kliniken, Bernau bei Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Berliner Institut für Gesundheitsforschung - Zentrum für regenerative Therapien (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie (Virchow-Klinikum), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Standort Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
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Sung KC, Hong SJ, Rhee MY, Jeong MH, Kim DH, Lim SW, Park K, Lee JB, Kim SY, Cho JM, Cho GY, Heo JH, Kim SH, Lee HY, Kim W, Cho DK, Park S, Shin J, Pyun WB, Kwon K, Rha SW, Jung JA. Comparison of efficacy and safety between third-dose triple and third-dose dual antihypertensive combination therapies in patients with hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:429-439. [PMID: 37095689 PMCID: PMC10184484 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
We compared the efficacy and safety of third-standard-dose triple and third-standard-dose dual antihypertensive combination therapies in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. This was a phase II multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. After a 4-week placebo run-in period, 245 participants were randomized to the third-dose triple combination (ALC group; amlodipine 1.67 mg + losartan potassium 16.67 mg + chlorthalidone 4.17 mg) or third-dose dual combination (AL group; amlodipine 1.67 mg + losartan potassium 16.67 mg, LC group; losartan potassium 16.67 mg + chlorthalidone 4.17 mg, AC group; amlodipine 1.67 mg + chlorthalidone 4.17 mg) therapy groups and followed up for 8 weeks. The mean systolic blood pressure (BP) reduction was -18.3 ± 13.2, -13.0 ± 13.3, -16.3 ± 12.4, and -13.8 ± 13.2 mmHg in the ALC, AL, LC, and AC groups, respectively. The ALC group showed significant systolic BP reduction compared to the AL and AC groups at weeks 4 (P = .010 and P = .018, respectively) and 8 (P = .017 and P = .036, respectively). At week 4, the proportion of systolic BP responders was significantly higher in the ALC group (42.6%) than in the AL (22.0%), LC (23.3%), and AC (27.1%) groups (P = .013, P = .021, and P = .045, respectively). At week 8, the proportion of systolic and diastolic BP responders was significantly higher in the ALC group (59.7%) than in the AL (39.3%) and AC (42.4%) groups (P = .022 and P = .049, respectively) at week 8. Third-standard-dose triple antihypertensive combination therapy demonstrated early effective BP control compared to third-standard-dose dual combination therapies, without increasing adverse drug reactions in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jun Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yong Rhee
- Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lim
- Cardiology Division, Cardiac center, CHA Bundang medical center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungil Park
- Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bae Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yeon Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Cho
- Cardiovascular Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo-Yeong Cho
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Heo
- Division of Cardiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Boramae Hospital, Seoul University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of internal medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kyu Cho
- Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Bum Pyun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Rha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Jung
- Hanmi Pharm.Co.,Ltd., Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gnanenthiran SR, Jha V, Salam A, Atkins E, Chow CK, Nelson MR, Rakotz M, Schlaich MP, Schutte AE, Usherwood T, Rodgers A. Wisdom of the Crowd: insights gained from comparing predicted and observed effects of blood pressure lowering strategies. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:422-424. [PMID: 37041253 PMCID: PMC10156589 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali R Gnanenthiran
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, New Delhi, India
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Abdul Salam
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Hyderabad, India
| | - Emily Atkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mike Rakotz
- American Medical Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Butel-Simoes LE, Haw TJ, Williams T, Sritharan S, Gadre P, Herrmann SM, Herrmann J, Ngo DTM, Sverdlov AL. Established and Emerging Cancer Therapies and Cardiovascular System: Focus on Hypertension-Mechanisms and Mitigation. Hypertension 2023; 80:685-710. [PMID: 36756872 PMCID: PMC10023512 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.17947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are 2 of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although improvements in outcomes have been noted for both disease entities, the success of cancer therapies has come at the cost of at times very impactful adverse events such as cardiovascular events. Hypertension has been noted as both, a side effect as well as a risk factor for the cardiotoxicity of cancer therapies. Some of these dynamics are in keeping with the role of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor not only for heart failure, but also for the development of coronary and cerebrovascular disease, and kidney disease and its association with a higher morbidity and mortality overall. Other aspects such as the molecular mechanisms underlying the amplification of acute and long-term cardiotoxicity risk of anthracyclines and increase in blood pressure with various cancer therapeutics remain to be elucidated. In this review, we cover the latest clinical data regarding the risk of hypertension across a spectrum of novel anticancer therapies as well as the underlying known or postulated pathophysiological mechanisms. Furthermore, we review the acute and long-term implications for the amplification of the development of cardiotoxicity with drugs not commonly associated with hypertension such as anthracyclines. An outline of management strategies, including pharmacological and lifestyle interventions as well as models of care aimed to facilitate early detection and more timely management of hypertension in patients with cancer and survivors concludes this review, which overall aims to improve both cardiovascular and cancer-specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd E Butel-Simoes
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Trent Williams
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Shanathan Sritharan
- Department of Medicine, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Payal Gadre
- Department of Medicine, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Doan TM Ngo
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Aaron L Sverdlov
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
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Treating COVID-19: Targeting the Host Response, Not the Virus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030712. [PMID: 36983871 PMCID: PMC10054780 DOI: 10.3390/life13030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), inexpensive generic drugs like statins, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs, especially if used in combination, might be the only practical way to save the lives of patients with severe COVID-19. These drugs will already be available in all countries on the first pandemic day. Because they target the host response to infection instead of the virus, they could be used to save lives during any pandemic. Observational studies show that inpatient statin treatment reduces 28–30-day mortality but randomized controlled trials have failed to show this benefit. Combination treatment has been tested for antivirals and dexamethasone but, with the exception of one observational study in Belgium, not for inexpensive generic drugs. Future pandemic research must include testing combination generic drug treatments that could be used in LMICs.
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Carrillo-Larco RM, Guzman-Vilca WC, Xu X, Bernabe-Ortiz A. Mean systolic blood pressure above the control threshold in people with treated uncontrolled hypertension: a pooled, cross-sectional analysis of 55 national health surveys. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 57:101833. [PMID: 36793480 PMCID: PMC9923190 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypertension care cascade has been characterized worldwide, yet it has not been quantified how far above the blood pressure control threshold people with uncontrolled treated hypertension are. We summarized the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP; mmHg) in people treated for hypertension but SBP not <130/80. METHODS We did a cross-sectional analysis of 55 WHO STEPS Surveys (n = 10,658), comprising six world regions (Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Southeast Asia and Western Pacific); we only included the most recent survey by country regardless of when it was conducted. Adults, men and women, aged between 25 and 69 years, with self-reported hypertension receiving antihypertensive medication and whose blood pressure was >130/80 mmHg were included. We quantified the mean SBP overall and by socio-demographic (sex, age, urban/rural location, education) and cardiometabolic (current smoking, self-reported diabetes) risk factors. FINDINGS The lowest SBP was observed in Kuwait (146.6; 95% CI: 143.8-149.4 mmHg) and the highest in Libya (171.9; 95% CI: 167.8-176.0 mmHg). In 29 countries, the SBP was higher in men, and SBP tended to be higher in older groups except in six countries. In 17 countries, the SBP was higher in rural than in urban sites, for example in Turkmenistan the SBP was 162.3 (95% CI: 158.4-166.2) mmHg in rural versus 151.6 (95% CI: 148.7-154.4) mmHg in urban areas. In 25 countries, the SBP was higher in adults with no education, for example in Benin the SBP in people without formal education was 175.3 (95% CI: 168.8-181.9) mmHg versus 156.4 (95% CI: 148.8-164.0) mmHg in people with higher education. INTERPRETATION Stronger interventions to improve and secure access to effective management are needed in most countries and specific groups, to reach hypertension control in people with hypertension already receiving antihypertensive medication. FUNDING The Wellcome Trust International Training Fellowship (214185/Z/18/Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Continental, Lima, Peru
- Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Wilmer Cristobal Guzman-Vilca
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- School of Medicine “Alberto Hurtado”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Cayetano Heredia (SOCEMCH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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Gottwald-Hostalek U, Sun N. Contribution of single-pill combinations in the management of hypertension: perspectives from China, Europe and the USA. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:331-340. [PMID: 36607599 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2165812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled hypertension is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical vascular outcomes and death. Hypertension management guidelines from China and the USA recommend initiation of antihypertensive pharmacotherapy with a single drug for patients without severe hypertension at presentation. Current European hypertension guidelines take a different approach and recommend the use of combination therapy from the time of diagnosis of hypertension for most patients. This article reviews the burden of hypertension in these countries and summarises the evidence base for the use of antihypertensive combination therapy contained within a single tablet (single-pill combinations, SPC). Typically, half or less of populations from China, Europe and the USA who were found to have hypertension were aware of their condition, less than half of those receiving treatment, and fewer still achieved adequate blood pressure (BP) control. The reasons for the unaddressed burden of hypertension are complex and multifactorial, with contributions from factors related to patients, healthcare providers and healthcare systems. The use of SPCs of antihypertensive therapies helps to optimise adherence with therapy and is likely to result in superior BP control. There is a strong evidence base to support current European guideline recommendations on the initiation of antihypertensive therapy with SPCs for the majority of people with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ningling Sun
- Department of Hypertension and Heart Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Cooper‐DeHoff RM, Smith SM. Medication Adherence-Still the Holy Grail. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028688. [PMID: 36734419 PMCID: PMC10111493 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven M. Smith
- University of Florida, College of Pharmacy and College of MedicineGainesvilleFL
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Gupta K, Hirsch JR, Kalsi J, Patel V, Gad MM, Virani SS. Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2022 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:31-41. [PMID: 36602752 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Summarize selected late-breaking science on cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention presented at the 2022 scientific session of the American Heart Association (AHA). RECENT FINDINGS The PROMINENT trial compared pemafibrate to a placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)<40 mg/dL who were already on guideline-directed statin therapy. The RESPECT-EPA trial compared purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and statin therapy to statin therapy alone for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD). SPORT compared the efficacy of low-dose statin therapy with a placebo and six commonly used dietary supplements on lipid and inflammatory markers. Data from long-term follow-up of the FOURIER-OLE study was presented to evaluate the efficacy of very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. Patient-level meta-analyses evaluated the association of statin therapy with new-onset DM and worse glycemic control. PROMPT-LIPID evaluated if automated electronic alerts to physicians with guideline-based recommendations improved the management of hyperlipidemia in patients at very high risk. NOTIFY-1 trial evaluated if notifying physicians and patients about coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores in non-ECG gated computed tomography scans led to increased prescription of statin therapy for primary ASCVD prevention. The DCP trial compared hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone for blood pressure control and CV outcomes in hypertension. The CRHCP study compared the effectiveness of a village doctor for hypertension management and CV outcomes in rural areas of China. The QUARTET USA trial compared the effectiveness and safety of 4 antihypertensive medications in ultra-low doses with angiotensin-receptor blocker monotherapy. The late-breaking science presented at the 2022 scientific session of the AHA paves the way for future pragmatic trials and provides meaningful information to guide management strategies in cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Josh R Hirsch
- Section of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jasmeet Kalsi
- Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vaidahi Patel
- Heart & Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohamed Medhat Gad
- Section of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Health Policy, Quality & Informatics Program, Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Blumer V, Vaduganathan M. A rationale for dedicated trials of combination therapy in heart failure. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022; 24:L49-L52. [PMID: 36545233 PMCID: PMC9762885 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As heart failure (HF) enters a new era with high level of evidence supporting the use of individual drug therapies, we put forth a rationale for the need for dedicated investigation of the safety, tolerability, and practicalities associated with combination medical therapy. Being able to tailor therapies via combination approaches might offer a way to maximize benefits of available therapies and also facilitate compliance. The evidentiary bar to support multi-drug regimens should be raised in HF for a variety of reasons: (1) Pivotal HF randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to date have not traditionally tested and proven safety and efficacy of drug combinations, (2) HF patients have variable disease trajectories, (3) There is hesitancy by clinicians and patients to using multiple drugs and such trials may build confidence in their use, and (4) HF therapies have overlapping side effects. Similar to combination therapies being developed and tested in adjacent fields of medicine, HF care too would greatly benefit from dedicated investigations of combination treatment approaches. Personalizing precision medicine with combination therapies has the potential to further improve outcomes and facilitate optimal implementation of disease-modifying therapies in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Rey-Rañal EM, Cordero A. Most Recent Trials and Advances in Hypertension. Eur Cardiol 2022; 17:e24. [PMID: 36845214 PMCID: PMC9947933 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2022.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors and blood pressure control remains a clinical challenge, especially for patients with established cardiovascular disease. Late-breaking clinical trials and other evidence in hypertension have evolved to assess the most accurate ways to measure blood pressure, the use of combination therapies, considerations in special populations and evaluation of new techniques. Recent evidence supports the superiority of ambulatory or 24-hour blood pressure measurements, rather than office blood pressure measurements, for the assessment of cardiovascular risk. The use of fixed-dose combinations and polypills has been demonstrated to be valid and to provide clinical benefits beyond blood pressure control. There have also been advances in new approaches such as telemedicine, devices and the use of algorithms. Clinical trials have provided valuable data on blood pressure control in primary prevention, during pregnancy and in the elderly. The role of renal denervation remains unsolved but innovative techniques using ultrasound or alcohol injections are being explored. Current evidence and results of latest trials are summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Cordero
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de San JuanAlicante, Spain,Unidad de Investigación de Cardiología, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitad Valenciana (FISABIO)Valencia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)Madrid, Spain
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Baldridge AS, Huffman MD, Lazar D, Abbas H, Flowers FM, Quintana A, Jackson A, Khan SS, Chopra A, Vu M, Tripathi P, Jacobson T, Sanuade OA, Kandula NR, Persell SD, Paparello JJ, Rosul LL, Mejia J, Lloyd-Jones DM, Chow CK, Ciolino JD. Efficacy and safety of a quadruple ultra-low-dose treatment for hypertension (QUARTET USA): Rationale and design for a randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 2022; 254:183-193. [PMID: 36116516 PMCID: PMC10236716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over half of patients with elevated blood pressure require multi-drug treatment to achieve blood pressure control. However, multi-drug treatment may lead to lower adherence and more adverse drug effects compared with monotherapy. OBJECTIVE The Quadruple Ultra-low-dose Treatment for Hypertension (QUARTET) USA trial was designed to evaluate whether initiating treatment with ultra-low-dose quadruple-combination therapy will lower office blood pressure more effectively, and with fewer side effects, compared with initiating standard dose monotherapy in treatment naive patients with SBP < 180 and DBP < 110 mm Hg and patients on monotherapy with SBP < 160 and DBP < 100 mm Hg. METHODS/DESIGN QUARTET USA was a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03640312) conducted in federally qualified health centers in a large city in the US. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ultra-low-dose quadruple combination therapy or standard dose monotherapy. The primary outcome was mean change from baseline in office systolic blood pressure at 12-weeks, adjusted for baseline values. Secondary outcomes included measures of blood pressure change and variability, medication adherence, and health related quality of life. Safety outcomes included occurrence of serious adverse events, relevant adverse drug effects, and electrolyte abnormalities. A process evaluation aimed to understand provider experiences of implementation and participant experiences around side effects, adherence, and trust with clinical care. DISCUSSION QUARTET USA was designed to evaluate whether a novel approach to blood pressure control would lower office blood pressure more effectively, and with fewer side effects, compared with standard dose monotherapy. QUARTET USA was conducted within a network of federally qualified healthcare centers with the aim of generating information on the safety and efficacy of ultra-low-dose quadruple-combination therapy in diverse groups that experience a high burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D Huffman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Cardiovascular Division and Global Health Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Hiba Abbas
- Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Alema Jackson
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Aashima Chopra
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - My Vu
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Priya Tripathi
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tyler Jacobson
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Olutobi A Sanuade
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | - Jairo Mejia
- Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Clara K Chow
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jody D Ciolino
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Best Practices in Medical Management of Chronic Hypertension. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Heidinger M, Boehme C, Knoflach M, Lang W, Kiechl S, Willeit P, Kleyhons R, Tuerk S. Hospitalization rates, stroke unit care, and recurrence rates in Austria's stroke cohort Epidemiologic analysis of 102,107 patients in a nation-wide acute stroke cohort between 2015 and 2019. Eur Stroke J 2022; 7:467-475. [PMID: 36478757 PMCID: PMC9720856 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Continuous analysis of key epidemiologic data is irremissible to adapt health-care systems to trends in stroke epidemiology. We present data from 2015 to 2019 on quality indicators of stroke care, including rates on hospitalization, stroke unit care and recurrence rates using medical record-linkage of in-patient routine documentation. Patients and methods We included stroke/TIA patients admitted to Austrian hospitals between 2015 and 2019 aged ⩾20 years using medical record-linkage. Results In our cohort of 102,107 patients with 107,055 treatment episodes, we could show a significant decrease in 1-year cumulative age-adjusted hospitalization rates per 100,000 in TIA (86.3 [95% CI 84.1-88.5] vs 75.4 [95% CI 73.4-77.4], RR 0.87 [95% CI 0.85-0.90]), ischemic stroke (187.3 [95% CI 184.0-190.5] vs 173.4 [95% CI 170.4-176.5], RR 0.93 [95% CI 0.91-0.94]), and intracerebral hemorrhage (28.5 [95% CI 27.3-29.8] vs 22.8 [95% CI 21.7-23.9], RR 0.80 [95% CI 0.76-0.84]). In ischemic stroke the rate of stroke unit care increased significantly (55.7% vs 69.3%; RR 1.14 [95% CI 1.12-1.17]), and acute 1-year recurrences decreased significantly. Discussion We found a decline of the annual age-adjusted cumulative hospitalization rates in stroke/TIA, a higher age of disease manifestation and less severe strokes, which is probably attributable to improved primary and secondary prevention in Austria. The proportion of patients treated at stroke units increased significantly, however a geographical and age-dependency is still evident. Conclusion Age-adjusted hospitalization rates of stroke/TIA patients decreased, and stroke unit care is increasing but the goal of the Stroke Action Plan for Europe is yet to be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heidinger
- Austrian Federal Ministry for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Boehme
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Knoflach
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage - Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Stroke Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Lang
- Austrian Stroke Society, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurology, St. John's of God Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage - Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Stroke Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Stroke Society, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rainer Kleyhons
- Austrian Federal Ministry for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Tuerk
- Austrian Federal Ministry for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Hypertension, defined as persistent systolic blood pressure (SBP) at least 130 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) at least 80 mm Hg, affects approximately 116 million adults in the US and more than 1 billion adults worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) and death. OBSERVATIONS First-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle modification, including weight loss, healthy dietary pattern that includes low sodium and high potassium intake, physical activity, and moderation or elimination of alcohol consumption. The BP-lowering effects of individual lifestyle components are partially additive and enhance the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy. The decision to initiate antihypertensive medication should be based on the level of BP and the presence of high atherosclerotic CVD risk. First-line drug therapy for hypertension consists of a thiazide or thiazidelike diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide or chlorthalidone, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker such as enalapril or candesartan, and a calcium channel blocker such as amlodipine and should be titrated according to office and home SBP/DBP levels to achieve in most people an SBP/DBP target (<130/80 mm Hg for adults <65 years and SBP <130 mm Hg in adults ≥65 years). Randomized clinical trials have established the efficacy of BP lowering to reduce the risk of CVD morbidity and mortality. An SBP reduction of 10 mm Hg decreases risk of CVD events by approximately 20% to 30%. Despite the benefits of BP control, only 44% of US adults with hypertension have their SBP/DBP controlled to less than 140/90 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Hypertension affects approximately 116 million adults in the US and more than 1 billion adults worldwide and is a leading cause of CVD morbidity and mortality. First-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle modification, consisting of weight loss, dietary sodium reduction and potassium supplementation, healthy dietary pattern, physical activity, and limited alcohol consumption. When drug therapy is required, first-line therapies are thiazide or thiazidelike diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Carey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
| | - Andrew E Moran
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul K Whelton
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Lauder L, Mahfoud F, Azizi M, Bhatt DL, Ewen S, Kario K, Parati G, Rossignol P, Schlaich MP, Teo KK, Townsend RR, Tsioufis C, Weber MA, Weber T, Böhm M. Hypertension management in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Eur Heart J 2022:6808663. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a leading cause of death globally. Due to ageing, the rising incidence of obesity, and socioeconomic and environmental changes, its incidence increases worldwide. Hypertension commonly coexists with Type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking leading to risk amplification. Blood pressure lowering by lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive drugs reduce cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Guidelines recommend dual- and triple-combination therapies using renin–angiotensin system blockers, calcium channel blockers, and/or a diuretic. Comorbidities often complicate management. New drugs such as angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists improve CV and renal outcomes. Catheter-based renal denervation could offer an alternative treatment option in comorbid hypertension associated with increased sympathetic nerve activity. This review summarises the latest clinical evidence for managing hypertension with CV comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lauder
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University , Kirrberger Str. 1, 66421 Homburg , Germany
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University , Kirrberger Str. 1, 66421 Homburg , Germany
| | - Michel Azizi
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM CIC1418 , F-75015 Paris , France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hypertension Department, DMU CARTE , F-75015 Paris , France
- FCRIN INI-CRCT , Nancy , France
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Sebastian Ewen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University , Kirrberger Str. 1, 66421 Homburg , Germany
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine , Tochigi , Japan
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Cardiology Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS , Milan , Italy
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- FCRIN INI-CRCT , Nancy , France
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques - Plurithématique 14-33 and INSERM U1116 , Nancy , France
- CHRU de Nancy , Nancy , France
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA , Australia
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital , Perth, WA , Australia
| | - Koon K Teo
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippocratio Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Thomas Weber
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen , Wels , Austria
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University , Kirrberger Str. 1, 66421 Homburg , Germany
- Cape Heart Institute (CHI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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Bruckner HW, Bassali F, Dusowitz E, Gurell D, Book A, De Jager R. Actionable tests and treatments for patients with gastrointestinal cancers and historically short median survival times. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276492. [PMID: 36322580 PMCID: PMC9629612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients have difficult unmet needs when standard chemotherapy produces a median survival of less than 1 year or many patients will experience severe toxicities. Blood tests can predict their survival. METHODS Analyses evaluate predictive blood tests to identify patients who often survive 1 and 2 years. A four-test model includes: albumin, absolute neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio. Individual tests include: alkaline phosphatase, lymphocytes, white blood count, platelet count, and hemoglobin. Eligible patients have advanced: resistant 3rd line colorectal, and both resistant and new pancreatic and intrahepatic bile duct cancers. Eligibility characteristics include: biopsy-proven, measurable metastatic disease, NCI grade 0-2 blood tests, Karnofsky Score 100-50, and any adult age. Drugs are given at 1/4-1/3 of their standard dosages biweekly: gemcitabine, irinotecan, fluorouracil, leucovorin, and day 2 oxaliplatin every 2 weeks. In case of progression, Docetaxel is added (except colon cancer), with or without Mitomycin C, and next cetuximab (except pancreatic and KRAS BRAF mutation cancers). Bevacizumab is substituted for cetuximab in case of another progression or ineligibility. Consent was written and conforms with Helsinki, IRB, and FDA criteria (FDA #119005). RESULTS Median survival is 14.5 months. Of 205 patients, 60% survive 12, and 37% survive 24 months (95% CI ± 8%). Survival is > 24, 13, and 3.8 months for patients with 0, 1-2, and 3-4 unfavorable tests, respectively. Individual "favorable and unfavorable" tests predict long and short survival. Neither age nor prior therapy discernibly affects survival. Net rates of clinically significant toxicities are less than 5%. CONCLUSION Treatments reproduce predictable, greater than 12 and 24-month chances of survival for the aged and for patients with drug-resistant tumors. Evaluation of blood tests may change practice, expand eligibility, and personalize treatments. Findings support investigation of drug combinations and novel dosages to reverse resistance and improve safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard W. Bruckner
- MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Fred Bassali
- MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Elisheva Dusowitz
- MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Daniel Gurell
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Diagnostic Imaging, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Abe Book
- MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert De Jager
- MZB Foundation for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States of America
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Nolde JM, Hillis GS, Atkins E, Von Huben A, Marschner S, Chan J, Reid CM, Nelson MR, Figtree G, Chalmers J, Usherwood T, Rodgers A, Chow CK, Schlaich MP. Impact of various night-time period definitions on nocturnal ambulatory blood pressure. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2271-2279. [PMID: 35983855 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several definitions of night-time BP exist for the calculation of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) based on 24-h BP measurements. How much these methods differ regarding the resulting nocturnal blood pressure values, under which circumstances these differences become clinically meaningful, and under which circumstances diary-adjusted measurements should be used preferentially remains uncertain. METHODS Data of 512 24-h BP recordings were analysed regarding differences in nocturnal BP based on three alternative definitions of night-time: 2300-0700 h, 0100-0500 h, and diary-adjusted measures. RESULTS Mean systolic nocturnal BP between 2300-0700 h was 2.5 mmHg higher than between 0100 and 0500 h and 1.6 mmHg higher than diary adjusted estimates. Up to 38.3% of individuals showed BP differences of more than 5 mmHg when comparing temporal definitions of night-time, resulting in significant proportions of individuals being re-classified as hypertensive. When diary-derived sleeping patterns differed by less than 2 h from the 2300 to 0700 h fixed time definition, mean BP discrepancies remained below 3 mmHg. Absolute time discrepancies between diary and 2300-0700 h fixed time definition of 2-4, 4-8 or at least 8 h led to SBP/DBP differences of 4.1/3.1, 6.8/6.1, and 14.5/9.1mmHg, respectively. CONCLUSION Average differences of nocturnal BP between varying definitions in study/cohort data are small and would be of limited relevance in many settings. However, substantial differences can be observed in individual cases, which may affect clinical decision-making in specific patients. In patients whose sleeping patterns differs by more than 2 h from defined fixed night-times, diaries should be used for adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia
| | | | - Emily Atkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney and Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney
| | - Amy Von Huben
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney and Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney
| | - Simone Marschner
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney and Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney
| | - Justine Chan
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart
| | - Gemma Figtree
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney
| | - John Chalmers
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney and Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney
| | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney and Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
| | - Clara K Chow
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney and Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth
- Neurovascular Hypertension & Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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