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Luo Y, Lan C, Xie K, Li H, Devillard E, He J, Liu L, Cai J, Tian G, Wu A, Ren Z, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, Wang Q, Wang H, Tang J. Active or Autoclaved Akkermansia muciniphila Relieves TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Through Distinct Pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 12:788638. [PMID: 34975882 PMCID: PMC8716699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a major threat to the health and growth of young animals such as piglets. As a next-generation probiotics, limited studies have shown that Akkermansia muciniphila could alleviate inflammation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In this study, a TNF-α-induced inflammatory model of IPEC-J2 cells, the intestinal porcine enterocytes, was built to evaluate the effects of active or inactive A. muciniphila on the inflammation of IECs. The viability of IPEC-J2 cells was the highest when treated with active (108 copies/mL) or inactive (109 copies/mL) A. muciniphila for 7.5 h (P < 0.01). Treated with 20 ng/mL of TNF-α and followed by a treatment of A. muciniphila, the mRNA level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) was remarkably reduced (P < 0.05) along with the increased mRNA level of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin, P < 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis showed that active or inactive A. muciniphila significantly suppressed the rate of the early and total apoptotic of the inflammatory IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). According to results of transcriptome sequencing, active and inactive A. muciniphila may decline cell apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of key genes in calcium signaling pathway, or up-regulating the expression of key genes in cell cycle signaling pathway. And the bacterium may alleviate the inflammation of IECs by down-regulating the expression of PI3K upstream receptor genes. Our results indicate that A. muciniphila may be a promising NGP targeting intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Lan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunhong Xie
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Estelle Devillard
- Center of Research for Nutrition and Health, Adisseo France SAS, Commentry, France
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Gorabi AM, Aslani S, Barreto GE, Báez-Jurado E, Kiaie N, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The potential of mitochondrial modulation by neuroglobin in treatment of neurological disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:471-477. [PMID: 33166649 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin is the third member of the globin family to be identified in 2000 in neurons of both human and mouse nervous systems. Neuroglobin is an oxygen-binding globin found in neurons within the central nervous system as well as in peripheral neurons, that produces a protective effect against hypoxic/ischemic damage induced by promoting oxygen availability within the mitochondria. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that impaired neuroglobin functioning is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Several in vitro and animal studies have reported the potential of neuroglobin upregulation in improving the neuroprotection through modulation of mitochondrial functions, such as ATP production, clearing reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting the dynamics of mitochondria, and controlling apoptosis. Neuroglobin acts as a stress-inducible globin, which has been associated hypoxic/ischemic insults where it acts to protect the heart and brain, providing a wide range of applicability in the treatment of human disorders. This review article discusses normal physiological functions of neuroglobin in mitochondria-associated pathways, as well as outlining how dysregulation of neuroglobin is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Eliana Báez-Jurado
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
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Sime W, Jemaà M, Abassi Y, Lasorsa VA, Bonne Køhler J, Hansson K, Bexell D, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Strand D, Capasso M, Massoumi R. Discovery of epi-Enprioline as a Novel Drug for the Treatment of Vincristine Resistant Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186577. [PMID: 32911859 PMCID: PMC7556009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood solid tumour originating from undifferentiated neural progenitor cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Drug resistance of childhood cancer neuroblastoma is a serious clinical problem. In the present study, we aimed to identify novel drugs that can inhibit the growth and survival of chemoresistant neuroblastoma. High-throughput screening identified a small molecule, epi-enprioline that was able to induce apoptosis of vincristine-resistant neuroblastoma cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Epi-enprioline reduced tumour growth in multiple preclinical models, including an orthotopic neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft model in vivo. In summary, our data suggest that epi-enprioline can be considered as a lead compound for the treatment of vincristine-resistant neuroblastoma uncovering a novel strategy, which can be further explored as a treatment for drug-resistant neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondossen Sime
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Mohamed Jemaà
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Yasmin Abassi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Vito Alessandro Lasorsa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.L.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Julie Bonne Køhler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Karin Hansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Clinics of the Goethe-University, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.L.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
- IRCCS SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (W.S.); (M.J.); (Y.A.); (J.B.K.); (K.H.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-2226430
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4
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Ivanova H, Vervliet T, Monaco G, Terry LE, Rosa N, Baker MR, Parys JB, Serysheva II, Yule DI, Bultynck G. Bcl-2-Protein Family as Modulators of IP 3 Receptors and Other Organellar Ca 2+ Channels. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035089. [PMID: 31501195 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pro- and antiapoptotic proteins belonging to the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family exert a critical control over cell-death processes by enabling or counteracting mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Beyond this mitochondrial function, several Bcl-2 family members have emerged as critical modulators of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamics, showing proapoptotic and antiapoptotic functions. Bcl-2 family proteins specifically target several intracellular Ca2+-transport systems, including organellar Ca2+ channels: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs), Ca2+-release channels mediating Ca2+ flux from the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), which mediate Ca2+ flux across the mitochondrial outer membrane into the mitochondria. Although the formation of protein complexes between Bcl-2 proteins and these channels has been extensively studied, a major advance during recent years has been elucidating the complex interaction of Bcl-2 proteins with IP3Rs. Distinct interaction sites for different Bcl-2 family members were identified in the primary structure of IP3Rs. The unique molecular profiles of these Bcl-2 proteins may account for their distinct functional outcomes when bound to IP3Rs. Furthermore, Bcl-2 inhibitors used in cancer therapy may affect IP3R function as part of their proapoptotic effect and/or as an adverse effect in healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Ivanova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Monaco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lara E Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Nicolas Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariah R Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Structural Biology Imaging Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jan B Parys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irina I Serysheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Structural Biology Imaging Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Ribeiro EB, de Marchi PGF, Honorio-França AC, França EL, Soler MAG. Interferon-gamma carrying nanoemulsion with immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:234-245. [PMID: 31587469 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic administration of cytokines has been introduced aiming to modulate the immune response system, seeking for different approaches to face pathologies such as cancer, auto immune and infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a stable oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion system carrying the cytokine Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) on the activity of phagocytes and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Nanoemulsions were prepared through ultra-homogenization, and they consisted of distilled water, triglycerides of capric acid/caprylic, sorbitan-oleate, polysorbate 80, and 1-butanol. IFN-γ (100 ng ml-1 ) was incorporated into two O/W nanoemulsion formulations, and these formulations were characterized in terms of their preliminary and accelerated physicochemical stability, rheological properties, droplet size, polydispersity and surface charge. We identified the most optimal IFN-γ nanoemulsion (IFN-γNE2), which remained stable under extreme temperature variations for 90 days, contained an average dose of 97 ng ml-1 of IFN-γ and exhibited a biocompatible pH and a relative stable rheological profile. Cell viability and intracellular Ca2+ release assays conducted showed that IFN-γNE2 reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 cells without affecting the cell viability of phagocytes. Furthermore, IFN-γNE2 was able to induce cellular activity of phagocytes as evidenced by increased intracellular Ca2+ release in these cells. Our findings on this IFN-γ nanoemulsion suggest that it can be a promising therapeutic agent for immunostimulation and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton B Ribeiro
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil.,Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Patricia G F de Marchi
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Adenilda C Honorio-França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Maria A G Soler
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
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Su X, Ni H, Jin W, Pan L. Nicotinic acid affects cytoskeleton remodeling via increasing the activity of gelsolin. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:415-422. [PMID: 31525283 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous research has demonstrated that nicotinic acid (NA) might suppress the angiogenesis by modulating the expression of angiogenesis factors and promoting the cytoskeleton remodeling. However, the underlying mechanism need to be further elucidated. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured by a [Ca2+ ] detection kit. The F-actin depolymerization was shown by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of F-actin and G-actin were determined by Western blot. The effects of NA treatment on the gelsolin-PI3Kα (p110α) interaction were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). NA treatment caused an initial drop and then induced a significant increase in [Ca2+ ] with a time and dose dependent manner. In addition, NA promoted the depolymerization of F-actin and knockdown of gelsolin substantially rescued the effects caused by NA treatment. NA treatment significantly inhibited the interaction between phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) α (p110α) and gelsolin and addition of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3) increased the protein level of F-actin and rescued the F/G-actin ratio. In conclusion, our results indicated NA treatment could interfere with the ability of PI3Kα (p110α) to inhibit the activity of gelsolin by decomposing PIP2 to produce PIP3, thereby increasing the activity of gelsolin, which ultimately acted on the remodeling of the cytoskeleton and exerted an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Su
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haizhen Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxu Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lemen Pan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Morais TC, de Abreu LC, de Quental OB, Pessoa RS, Fujimori M, Daboin BEG, França EL, Honorio-França AC. Obesity as an Inflammatory Agent Can Cause Cellular Changes in Human Milk due to the Actions of the Adipokines Leptin and Adiponectin. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060519. [PMID: 31146419 PMCID: PMC6627037 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin and leptin play roles in the hunger response, and they can induce the inflammatory process as the initial mechanism of the innate immune response. It is possible for alterations in the levels of these adipokines to compromise the functional activity of human colostrum phagocytes. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of adiponectin and leptin on colostrum mononuclear (MN) cells. Colostrum was collected from 80 healthy donors, who were divided into two groups: the control group and the high body mass index (BMI) group. MN cells were used to analyze phagocytosis by flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular calcium, and apoptosis were assessed by fluorimetry using a microplate reader. Adipokines restored the levels of phagocytosis to the high BMI group (p < 0.05), with a mechanism that is action-dependent on the release of ROS and intracellular calcium. However, adiponectin and leptin simultaneously contributed to better microbicidal activity, thus reflecting an increase in the apoptosis level (p < 0.05) in the high BMI group. Probably, the maintenance of the balance between adiponectin and leptin levels enhances the protection and decreases the indices of neonatal infection in the breastfeeding infants of women with high BMI values. Therefore, policies that support pre-gestational weight control should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassiane C Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Scientific Writing, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP 09060-870, Brazil.
| | - Luiz C de Abreu
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Scientific Writing, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP 09060-870, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Public Policies and Local Development, School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitoria (EMESCAM), Vitória, ES 29045-402, Brazil.
| | - Ocilma B de Quental
- Laboratory of Scientific Writing, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP 09060-870, Brazil.
| | - Rafael S Pessoa
- Laboratory of Scientific Writing, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP 09060-870, Brazil.
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, MT 78600-000, Brazil.
| | - Mahmi Fujimori
- Laboratory of Scientific Writing, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP 09060-870, Brazil.
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, MT 78600-000, Brazil.
| | - Blanca E G Daboin
- Laboratory of Scientific Writing, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP 09060-870, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo L França
- Laboratory of Scientific Writing, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP 09060-870, Brazil.
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, MT 78600-000, Brazil.
| | - Adenilda C Honorio-França
- Laboratory of Scientific Writing, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP 09060-870, Brazil.
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, MT 78600-000, Brazil.
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8
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Li F, Liu BB, Cai M, Li JJ, Lou SJ. Excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress and decreased neuroplasticity-associated proteins in prefrontal cortex of obese rats and the regulatory effects of aerobic exercise. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Chiu WT, Chang HA, Lin YH, Lin YS, Chang HT, Lin HH, Huang SC, Tang MJ, Shen MR. Bcl -2 regulates store-operated Ca 2+ entry to modulate ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Discov 2018. [PMID: 29531834 PMCID: PMC5841437 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ plays a significant role in linking the induction of apoptosis. The key anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, has been reported to regulate the movement of Ca2+ across the ER membrane, but the exact effect of Bcl-2 on Ca2+ levels remains controversial. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a major mode of Ca2+ uptake in non-excitable cells, is activated by depletion of Ca2+ in the ER. Depletion of Ca2+ in the ER causes translocation of the SOC channel activator, STIM1, to the plasma membrane. Thereafter, STIM1 binds to Orai1 or/and TRPC1 channels, forcing them to open and thereby allow Ca2+ entry. In addition, several anti-cancer drugs have been reported to induce apoptosis of cancer cells via the SOCE pathway. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the regulation of SOCE by Bcl-2 is not well understood. In this study, a three-amino acid mutation within the Bcl-2 BH1 domain was generated to verify the role of Bcl-2 in Ca2+ handling during ER stress. The subcellular localization of the Bcl-2 mutant (mt) is similar to that in the wild-type Bcl-2 (WT) in the ER and mitochondria. We found that mt enhanced thapsigargin and tunicamycin-induced apoptosis through ER stress-mediated apoptosis but not through the death receptor- and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, while WT prevented thapsigargin- and tunicamycin-induced apoptosis. In addition, mt depleted Ca2+ in the ER lumen and also increased the expression of SOCE-related molecules. Therefore, a massive Ca2+ influx via SOCE contributed to caspase activation and apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibiting SOCE or chelating either extracellular or intracellular Ca2+ inhibited mt-mediated apoptosis. In brief, our results explored the critical role of Bcl-2 in Ca2+ homeostasis and the modulation of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tai Chiu
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan.,2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Heng-Ai Chang
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Lin
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Lin
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Tzu Chang
- 3Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hui Lin
- 4Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Soon-Cen Huang
- 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying Campus, Tainan, 736 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan.,4Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan.,3Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
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10
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Increased intracellular Ca 2+ decreases cisplatin resistance by regulating iNOS expression in human ovarian cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:8-15. [PMID: 27936394 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that intracellular Ca2+ signals and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are involved in cell apoptosis. However, the role of iNOS in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SKOV3/DDP ovarian cancer cells were more resistant to cisplatin than were SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. The expression of intracellular Ca2+ and iNOS was more strongly induced by cisplatin in SKOV3 cells than in SKOV3/DDP cells. TAT-conjugated IP3R-derived peptide (TAT-IDPS) increased cisplatin-induced iNOS expression and apoptosis in SKOV3/DDP cells. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) decreased cisplatin-induced iNOS expression and apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. Thus, iNOS induction may be a valuable strategy for improving the anti-tumor efficacy of cisplatin in ovarian cancer.
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11
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Lv S, Xu QY, Sun EC, Zhang JK, Wu DL. Dissection and integration of the autophagy signaling network initiated by bluetongue virus infection: crucial candidates ERK1/2, Akt and AMPK. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23130. [PMID: 26976147 PMCID: PMC4791558 DOI: 10.1038/srep23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV), a complex double-stranded segmented RNA virus, has been found to initiate cellular autophagy for its own benefit. Here, with a view to understanding the underlying mechanisms, we first systematically dissected the exact signaling network in BTV-induced autophagy. We found that the activity of mTOR, a crucial pivot, was inhibited by BTV1 infection, subsequently leading to downstream p70S6K suppression and autophagy initiation. We then explored the upstream regulators of mTOR and analyzed their activities via a series of assays. We found BTV1-induced autophagy to be independent of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. However, the BTV1-induced inhibition of PI3K/Akt was found to be partially responsible for mTOR inactivation and subsequent autophagy initiation. Furthermore, we found unexpectedly that AMPK seemed to play a more important role in BTV1-induced autophagy. Elevated [Ca2+]cyto-mediated activation of CaMKKβ exactly managed the activation of AMPK, which then positively regulated autophagy through suppressing mTOR. We must emphasize that TSC2 is a fatal mediator between upstream Akt or AMPK and downstream mTOR through its phosphorylation. Taken together, our data suggested that the BTV1-induced inhibition of the Akt-TSC2-mTOR pathway and the upregulation of the AMPK-TSC2-mTOR pathway both contributed to autophagy initiation and further favored virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - En-Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ji-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dong-Lai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
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12
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Yang XP, Liu L, Wang P, Ma SL. Human Sulfatase-1 Improves the Effectiveness of Cytosine Deaminase Suicide Gene Therapy with 5-Fluorocytosine Treatment on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HepG2 In Vitro and In Vivo. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1384-90. [PMID: 25963362 PMCID: PMC4830321 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.156800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human sulfatase-1 (Hsulf-1) is an endosulfatase that selectively removes sulfate groups from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), altering the binding of several growth factors and cytokines to HSPG to regulate cell proliferation, cell motility, and apoptosis. We investigated the role of combined cancer gene therapy with Hsulf-1 and cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC) suicide gene on a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, HepG2, in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of Hsulf-1 in HCC. Cell apoptosis was observed through flow cytometry instrument and mechanism of Hsulf-1 to enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-FC against HCC was analyzed in HCC by confocal microscopy. We also establish a nude mice model of HCC to address the effect of Hsulf-1 expression on the CD/5-FC suicide gene therapy in vivo. RESULTS A significant decrease in HepG2 cell proliferation and an increase in HepG2 cell apoptosis were observed when Hsulf-1 expression was combined with the CD/5-FC gene suicide system. A noticeable bystander effect was observed when the Hsulf-1 and CD genes were co-expressed. Intracellular calcium was also increased after HepG2 cells were infected with the Hsulf-1 gene. In vivo studies showed that the suppression of tumor growth was more pronounced in animals treated with the Hsulf-1 plus CD than those treated with either gene therapy alone, and the combined treatment resulted in a significant increase in survival. CONCLUSIONS Hsulf-1 expression combined with the CD/5-FC gene suicide system could be an effective treatment approach for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sheng-Lin Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
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13
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Biphasic regulation of InsP3 receptor gating by dual Ca2+ release channel BH3-like domains mediates Bcl-xL control of cell viability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1953-62. [PMID: 26976600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517935113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members interact with inositol trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) Ca(2+)release channels in the endoplasmic reticulum to modulate Ca(2+)signals that affect cell viability. However, the molecular details and consequences of their interactions are unclear. Here, we found that Bcl-xL activates single InsP3R channels with a biphasic concentration dependence. The Bcl-xLBcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain-binding pocket mediates both high-affinity channel activation and low-affinity inhibition. Bcl-xL activates channel gating by binding to two BH3 domain-like helices in the channel carboxyl terminus, whereas inhibition requires binding to one of them and to a previously identified Bcl-2 interaction site in the channel-coupling domain. Disruption of these interactions diminishes cell viability and sensitizes cells to apoptotic stimuli. Our results identify BH3-like domains in an ion channel and they provide a unifying model of the effects of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins on the InsP3R that play critical roles in Ca(2+) signaling and cell viability.
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14
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Honorio-França AC, Nunes GT, Fagundes DLG, de Marchi PGF, Fernandes RTDS, França JL, França-Botelho ADC, Moraes LCA, Varotti FDP, França EL. Intracellular calcium is a target of modulation of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in the presence of IgA adsorbed to polyethylene glycol. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:617-26. [PMID: 26893571 PMCID: PMC4745958 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical and epidemiological studies have indicated that breastfeeding has a protective effect on breast cancer risk. Protein-based drugs, including antibodies, are being developed to attain better forms of cancer therapy. Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the antibody class in human breast milk, and its activity can be linked to the protective effect of breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres with adsorbed SIgA on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. METHODS The PEG microspheres were characterized by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The MCF-7 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. MCF-7 cells were pre-incubated for 24 hours with or without SIgA (100 ng/mL), PEG microspheres or SIgA adsorbed in PEG microspheres (100 ng/mL). Viability, intracellular calcium release, and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses revealed that SIgA was able to adsorb to the PEG microspheres. The MCF-7 cells that were incubated with PEG microspheres with adsorbed SIgA showed decreased viability. MCF-7 cells that were incubated with SIgA or PEG microspheres with adsorbed SIgA had increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels. In the presence of SIgA, an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells was observed. The highest apoptosis index was observed when the cells were treated with PEG microspheres with adsorbed SIgA. CONCLUSION These data suggest that colostral SIgA adsorbed to PEG microspheres has antitumor effects on human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and that the presence of large amounts of this protein in secreted breast milk may provide protection against breast tumors in women who breastfed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Triches Nunes
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Danny Laura Gomes Fagundes
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Luzia França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Institute of Health Sciences, University Center of Planalto de Araxá, Araxá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando de Pilla Varotti
- Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu - Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luzía França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu - Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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15
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Vervliet T, Lemmens I, Vandermarliere E, Decrock E, Ivanova H, Monaco G, Sorrentino V, Kasri NN, Missiaen L, Martens L, De Smedt H, Leybaert L, Parys JB, Tavernier J, Bultynck G. Ryanodine receptors are targeted by anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL involving its BH4 domain and Lys87 from its BH3 domain. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9641. [PMID: 25872771 PMCID: PMC4397538 DOI: 10.1038/srep09641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members target several intracellular Ca(2+)-transport systems. Bcl-2, via its N-terminal Bcl-2 homology (BH) 4 domain, inhibits both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs), while Bcl-XL, likely independently of its BH4 domain, sensitizes IP3Rs. It remains elusive whether Bcl-XL can also target and modulate RyRs. Here, Bcl-XL co-immunoprecipitated with RyR3 expressed in HEK293 cells. Mammalian protein-protein interaction trap (MAPPIT) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showed that Bcl-XL bound to the central domain of RyR3 via its BH4 domain, although to a lesser extent compared to the BH4 domain of Bcl-2. Consistent with the ability of the BH4 domain of Bcl-XL to bind to RyRs, loading the BH4-Bcl-XL peptide into RyR3-overexpressing HEK293 cells or in rat hippocampal neurons suppressed RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release. In silico superposition of the 3D-structures of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL indicated that Lys87 of the BH3 domain of Bcl-XL could be important for interacting with RyRs. In contrast to Bcl-XL, the Bcl-XL(K87D) mutant displayed lower binding affinity for RyR3 and a reduced inhibition of RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release. These data suggest that Bcl-XL binds to RyR channels via its BH4 domain, but also its BH3 domain, more specific Lys87, contributes to the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vervliet
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irma Lemmens
- University of Gent, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elien Vandermarliere
- University of Gent, Computational Omics and Systems Biology Group, VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elke Decrock
- University of Gent, Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hristina Ivanova
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Monaco
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- University of Siena, Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, and Interuniversitary Institute of Myology, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Human Genetics, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig Missiaen
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- University of Gent, Computational Omics and Systems Biology Group, VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- University of Gent, Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan B. Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- University of Gent, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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16
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HAN BIN, FU PING, YE YUN, ZHANG HONG, WANG GUOJUN. Protective effects of tetrandrine on brain cells in phenobarbital-dependent and -withdrawn rats. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1939-44. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Shukla D, Huda KMK, Banu MSA, Gill SS, Gill SS, Tuteja R, Tuteja N. OsACA6, a P-type 2B Ca(2+) ATPase functions in cadmium stress tolerance in tobacco by reducing the oxidative stress load. PLANTA 2014; 240:809-24. [PMID: 25074587 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the first direct evidence of the novel role of OsACA6 in providing Cd (2+) stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco by maintaining cellular ion homeostasis and modulating ROS-scavenging pathway. Cadmium, a non-essential toxic heavy metal, interferes with the plant growth and development. It reaches the leaves through xylem and may become part of the food chain, thus causing detrimental effects to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop strategies for engineering plants for Cd(2+) tolerance and less accumulation. The members of P-type ATPases family transport metal ions including Cd(2+), and thus play important role an ion homeostasis. The present study elucidates the role of P-type 2B Ca(2+) ATPase (OsACA6) in Cd(2+) stress tolerance. The transcript levels of OsACA6 were up-regulated upon Cd(2+), Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) exposure. Transgenic tobacco expressing OsACA6 showed tolerance towards Cd(2+) stress as demonstrated by several physiological indices including root length, biomass, chlorophyll, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content. The roots of the transgenic lines accumulated more Cd(2+) as compared to shoot. Further, confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that Cd(2+) exposure altered Ca(2+) uptake in OsACA6 transgenic plants. OsACA6 expression in tobacco also protected the transgenic plants from oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of enzymatic (SOD, CAT, APX, GR) and non-enzymatic (GSH and AsA) antioxidant machinery. Transgenic lines also tolerated Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) stress; however, tolerance for these ions was not as significant as observed for Cd(2+) exposure. Thus, overexpression of OsACA6 confers Cd(2+) stress tolerance in transgenic lines by maintaining cellular ion homeostasis and modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging pathway. The results of the present study will help to develop strategies for engineering Cd(2+) stress tolerance in economically important crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Shukla
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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18
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Anilkumar U, Prehn JHM. Anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in acute neural injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:281. [PMID: 25324720 PMCID: PMC4179715 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells under stress activate cell survival and cell death signaling pathways. Cell death signaling frequently converges on mitochondria, a process that is controlled by the activities of pro- and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) proteins. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the control of neuronal survival, development and injury by anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. We discuss overlapping and differential effects of the individual family members BCL-2, BCL-extra long (BCL-XL), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1), and BCL2-like 2 (BCL-W) in the control of survival during development and pathophysiological processes such as trophic factor withdrawal, ischemic injury, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and energy stress. Finally we discuss recent evidence that several anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins influence mitochondrial bioenergetics and control neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis independent of their classical role in cell death signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujval Anilkumar
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin, Ireland
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Shao CC, Li N, Zhang ZW, Su J, Li S, Li JL, Xu SW. Cadmium supplement triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress response and cytotoxicity in primary chicken hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:109-114. [PMID: 24836885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a potent hepatotoxin, has been reported to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in various cell types. However, whether such effect exists in bird is still unclear. To delineate the effects of Cd exposure on ER stress response, we examined the expression of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and alteration in calcium homeostasis in primary chicken hepatocytes treated with 2-22 µM Cd for 24 h. A significant decrease of cell viability was observed in chicken hepatocytes following Cd administration. In cells treated with Cd, GRP78 protein levels increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GRP78 and GRP94mRNA levels were elevated in response to Cd exposure. The increase of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in chicken hepatocytes was found during Cd exposure. Cd significantly decreased the CaM mRNA levels in hepatocytes. These results show that Cd regulates the expression of GRP78 and calcium homeostasis in chicken hepatocytes, suggesting that ER stress induced by Cd plays an important role in the mechanisms of Cd cytotoxicity to the bird hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jian Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People׳s Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People׳s Republic of China.
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20
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Ureshino RP, Rocha KK, Lopes GS, Bincoletto C, Smaili SS. Calcium signaling alterations, oxidative stress, and autophagy in aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:123-37. [PMID: 24512092 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Aging is a multi-factorial process that may be associated with several functional and structural deficits which can evolve into degenerative diseases. In this review, we present data that may depict an expanded view of molecular aging theories, beginning with the idea that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major effectors in this process. In addition, we have correlated the importance of autophagy as a neuroprotective mechanism and discussed a link between age-related molecules, Ca(2+) signaling, and oxidative stress. RECENT ADVANCES There is evidence suggesting that alterations in Ca(2+) homeostasis, including mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload and alterations in electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, which increase cell vulnerability, are linked to oxidative stress in aging. As much as Ca(2+) signaling is altered in aged cells, excess ROS can be produced due to an ineffective coupling of mitochondrial respiration. Damaged mitochondria might not be removed by the macroautophagic system, which is hampered in aging by lipofuscin accumulation, boosting ROS generation, damaging DNA, and, ultimately, leading to apoptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES This process can lead to altered protein expression (such as p53, Sirt1, and IGF-1) and progress to cell death. This cycle can lead to increased cell vulnerability in aging and contribute to an increased susceptibility to degenerative processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding of Ca(2+) signaling and molecular aging alterations is important for preventing apoptosis in age-related diseases. In addition, caloric restriction, resveratrol and autophagy modulation appear to be predominantly cytoprotective, and further studies of this process are promising in age-related disease therapeutics.
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Prokosch V, Chiwitt C, Rose K, Thanos S. Deciphering proteins and their functions in the regenerating retina. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:775-95. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Pang M, Qu P, Gao CL, Tang X, Wang ZL. Effect of yessotoxin on cytosolic calcium levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.. Biomed Rep 2013; 2:93-96. [PMID: 24649076 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Yessotoxin (YTX) and its analogs are a type of marine toxins found in marine environments in numerous coastal countries. These toxins tend to accumulate in filter-feeding molluscs and may threaten the shellfish industry and public health. Several previous studies indicated that YTX may induce apoptosis in different types of cell lines, although the exact underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to mainly focus on the effect of YTX on cytosolic Ca2+ levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In order to investigate the exact mechanism of YTX-evoked Ca2+ increase, laser scanning confocal microscopy was used, with the addition of the chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and nifedipine, an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, to the reaction system. The results demonstrated that YTX caused cytosolic Ca2+ level increase in Bel7402 cells and the YTX-evoked Ca2+ increase was successfully blocked by EGTA and nifedipine. Therefore, our results indicated that YTX may cause apoptosis via inducing Ca2+ entry in Bel7402 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pang
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, P.R. China
| | - Pei Qu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Lei Gao
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, P.R. China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Ling Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, P.R. China
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23
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Liu D, Chen Z, Liu Z. Analysis of reactive oxygen species, Ca²+ , and Hsp70 in the gill and mantle of clams Ruditapes philippinarum exposed in cadmium. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:1297-303. [PMID: 24166874 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the probes 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2 DCF-DA) and Fluo-3 AM were used to investigate the instantaneous change of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) in the gill and mantle of clams Ruditapes philippinarum exposed in 0.05 mg L(-1) Cd(2+) with the laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The results indicated that Ca(2+) level was declined in the gill and slightly increased in the mantle. The level of ROS was declined in the gill, while the oscillation of ROS level was observed in the mantle. These data revealed that Ca(2+) could stimulate mitochondrial activity and enhance the respiratory chain in the gill and mantle. In addition, the expression of Hsp70 was increased in the gill and mantle of clams exposed in 0.05 mg L(-1) Cd(2+) . The change of Ca(2+) and ROS level affected the expression of Hsp70 in the gill and mantle. An appropriate method was established to analyze the effects of Cd(2+) on ROS, Ca(2+) , and Hsp70 in the gill and mantle of clams with confocal microscopy. Both confocal microscopy and chemical fluorescent are valuable tools for measurement of time-dependent intracellular ROS and Ca(2+) signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255049, China; Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255049, China
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Deegan S, Saveljeva S, Gorman AM, Samali A. Stress-induced self-cannibalism: on the regulation of autophagy by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2425-41. [PMID: 23052213 PMCID: PMC11113399 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a cellular catabolic process which can be described as a self-cannibalism. It serves as an essential protective response during conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the bulk removal and degradation of unfolded proteins and damaged organelles; in particular, mitochondria (mitophagy) and ER (reticulophagy). Autophagy is genetically regulated and the autophagic machinery facilitates removal of damaged cell components and proteins; however, if the cell stress is acute or irreversible, cell death ensues. Despite these advances in the field, very little is known about how autophagy is initiated and how the autophagy machinery is transcriptionally regulated in response to ER stress. Some three dozen autophagy genes have been shown to be required for the correct assembly and function of the autophagic machinery; however; very little is known about how these genes are regulated by cellular stress. Here, we will review current knowledge regarding how ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) induce autophagy, including description of the different autophagy-related genes which are regulated by the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Deegan
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Svetlana Saveljeva
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adrienne M. Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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25
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Mitochondrial mechanisms of neuroglobin's neuroprotection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:756989. [PMID: 23634236 PMCID: PMC3619637 DOI: 10.1155/2013/756989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an oxygen-binding globin protein that has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective against stroke and related neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of Ngb's neuroprotection remain largely undefined. Mitochondria play critical roles in multiple physiological pathways including cell respiration, energy production, free radical generation, and cellular homeostasis and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely involved in the pathogenesis of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Accumulating evidence showed that elevated Ngb level is associated with preserved mitochondrial function, suggesting that Ngb may play neuroprotective roles through mitochondria-mediated pathways. In this paper we briefly discuss the mitochondria-related mechanisms in Ngb's neuroprotection, especially those involved in ATP production, ROS generation and scavenging, and mitochondria-mediated cell death signaling pathways.
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Mechanism of maprotiline-induced apoptosis: role of [Ca2+](i), ERK, JNK and caspase-3 signaling pathways. Toxicology 2012; 304:1-12. [PMID: 23219590 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants are generally used for treatment of various mood and anxiety disorders. Several studies have shown the anti-tumor and cytotoxic activities of some antidepressants, but the underlying mechanisms were unclear. Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant and possesses a highly selective norepinephrine reuptake ability. We found that maprotiline decreased cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in Neuro-2a cells. Maprotiline induced apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activation. The activation of caspase-3 by maprotiline appears to depend on the activation of JNK and the inactivation of ERK. Maprotiline also induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases which involved the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stored in the endoplasmic reticulum. Pretreatment with BAPTA/AM, a Ca(2+) chelator, suppressed maprotiline-induced ERK phosphorylation, enhanced caspase-3 activation and increased maprotiline-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, maprotiline induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells through activation of JNK-associated caspase-3 pathways. Maprotiline also evoked an anti-apoptotic response that was both Ca(2+)- and ERK-dependent.
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Groenendyk J, Agellon LB, Michalak M. Coping with endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cardiovascular system. Annu Rev Physiol 2012; 75:49-67. [PMID: 23020580 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional intracellular organelle, a component of the cellular reticular network that allows cells to adjust to a wide variety of conditions. The cardiomyocyte reticular network is the ideal location of sensors for both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that disrupt energy and/or nutrient homeostasis and lead to ER stress, a disturbance in ER function. ER stress has been linked to both physiological and pathological states in the cardiovascular system; such states include myocardial infarction, oxygen starvation (hypoxia) and fuel starvation, ischemia, pressure overload, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy, and heart failure. The ER stress coping response (e.g., the unfolded protein response) is composed of discrete pathways that are controlled by a collection of common regulatory components that may function as a single entity involved in reacting to ER stress. These corrective strategies allow the cardiomyocyte reticular network to restore energy and/or nutrient homeostasis and to avoid cell death. Therefore, the identities of the ER stress corrective strategies are important targets for the development of therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular and other acquired disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Groenendyk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Lautenschlaeger J, Prell T, Grosskreutz J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the ER mitochondrial calcium cycle in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:166-77. [PMID: 22292840 DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2011.641569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle involved in protein synthesis, processing and folding, in intracellular transport and calcium signalling. ER stress can be triggered by depletion of ER calcium content and the accumulation of un- and mis-folded proteins, and relays stress signals to the ER mitochondria calcium cycle (ERMCC) and to the nucleus and protein translation machinery. The ensuing unfolded protein response (UPR) helps to cope with ER stress. Total protein synthesis is inhibited to keep protein load low, while the synthesis of ER chaperones, which assist protein folding, is induced. If cell integrity cannot be restored, signal cascades mediating cell death are activated. This review focuses on the role of ER stress and the UPR in the pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The triggers for ER stress are as yet unclear, but induction of UPR sensor proteins, up-regulation of chaperones and induction of cell death proteins have been described in human post mortem ALS tissue and in mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) expressing models of ALS. TDP-43 and VAPB seem to be involved in UPR signalling as well. Recent reports raise hope that UPR sensor proteins become effective therapeutic targets in the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Lautenschlaeger
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena, Germany.
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29
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Calgarotto AK, da Silva Pereira GJ, Bechara A, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Barbosa CMV, Hirata H, de Souza Queiroz ML, Smaili SS, Bincoletto C. Autophagy inhibited Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells apoptosis induced by the nitrostyrene derivative compounds: relationship with cytosolic calcium mobilization. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 678:6-14. [PMID: 22227332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis induction is often associated with increased autophagy, indicating interplay between these two important cellular events in cell death and survival. In this study, the programmed cell death and autophagy induced by two nitrostyrene derivative compounds (NTS1 and NTS2) was studied using the tumorigenic Ehrlich ascitic tumor (EAT) cells. EAT cells were highly sensitive to NTS1 and NTS2 cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. NTS1 and NTS2 IC(50) was less than 15.0μM post 12h incubation. Apoptosis was primarily induced by both compounds, as demonstrated by an increase in Annexin-V positive cells, concurrently with cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol and caspase-3 activation. Although cytosolic Ca(2+) mobilization is involved in autophagy as well as apoptosis in response to cellular stress in many cancer cell types, from the two nitrostyrene derivative compounds studied, mainly NTS1 mobilized this ion and disparate autophagy in EAT cells. These results suggest that EAT induced cell death by NTS1 and NTS2 involved a Ca(2+)-dependent and a Ca(2+)-independent pathways, respectively. In accordance with these results, the treatment of EAT cells with 3 methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor; significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells after NTS1 treatment, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of autophagy augments the NTS1 efficacy. Thus, we denote the importance of studies involving autophagy and apoptosis during pre-clinical studies of new drugs with anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrana K Calgarotto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, FCM, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas/SP, Brazil
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Li JH, Yue W, Huang Z, Chen ZQ, Zhan Q, Ren FB, Liu JY, Fu SB. Calcium overload induces C6 rat glioma cell apoptosis in sonodynamic therapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:1061-6. [PMID: 21961969 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.584938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to study calcium overload-induced apoptosis and its relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat C6 glioma cells after sonodynamic treatment (SDT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) was used as the sonosensitizer. The concentration of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) was measured by fluorometry. Apoptosis and necrosis rates were evaluated by a flow cytometry. Moreover, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) -ATPase (SERCA(2)), cytochrome c (cyto-c) and cleaved caspase-3 were investigated by immunoblotting. RESULTS Our study indicated that [Ca(2 +)](i) and ROS increased in cells of SDT group, the apoptosis rate, quantity of cyto-c and cleaved caspase-3 markedly increased after SDT. Furthermore, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or 1,2-bisethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis ester (BAPTA-AM) could decrease the apoptosis rate, the release of cyto-c and cleaved caspase-3 in SDT group, SERCA(2) degradation was found in SDT group and could also be prevented by the addition of NAC. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that HMME-SDT can induce C6 cell death through both necrosis and apoptosis. ROS in C6 cells play a decisive role in HMME-SDT-induced cell death. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may be a major target of HMME-SDT, ROS can induce SERCA(2) degradation, causing the elevation of [Ca(2+)](i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth College Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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31
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Emdad L, Qadeer ZA, Bederson LB, Kothari HP, Uzzaman M, Germano IM. Is there a common upstream link for autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human high-grade gliomas? Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:725-35. [PMID: 21727211 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with human high-grade gliomas (HGGs) remains dismal despite major advances in their management, due mainly to the high resistance of these infiltrative tumor cells to programmed cell death (PCD). Most therapeutic strategies for HGGs are aimed to maximize PCD type I, apoptosis or type II, autophagy. These are predominantly distinctive processes, but many studies suggest a cross-talk between the two. A better understanding of the link between PCD types I and II might allow development of more effective therapies for HGGs. In this study, we examined whether there is a common upstream signaling event responsible for both apoptotic and autophagic PCD using 3 chemotherapeutic agents in human HGG cells. Our study shows that each agent caused a significant decrease in cell viability in each of the HGG cell lines tested. The increase rate of apoptosis and autophagy varied among cell lines and chemotherapeutic agents used. Increased expression of cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (C)/enhancer binding protein (EBP) homologous transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)/growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153) was documented after use of either pro-autophagic or pro-apoptotic agents. The involvement of CHOP/GADD153 in both type I and type II PCD was confirmed by overexpression and gene-silencing studies. Gene silencing by small-interfering RNA-mediated CHOP/GADD153 resulted in increased cell viability, decreased upregulation of microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3' type II (LC3II) and cleaved caspase-3, and inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy. Exogenous expression of CHOP/GADD153 triggered apoptosis and autophagy in the absence of other stimuli. The clinical significance of these findings was supported by the evidence that celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug known to induce GADD153-mediated apoptosis, strongly increases both type I and type II PCD in HGG cells when combined with another inducer of GADD153. These data suggest that CHOP/GADD153 should be investigated as a novel targetable signaling step to improve therapies for HGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luni Emdad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Gómez-Suaga P, Luzón-Toro B, Churamani D, Zhang L, Bloor-Young D, Patel S, Woodman PG, Churchill GC, Hilfiker S. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 regulates autophagy through a calcium-dependent pathway involving NAADP. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:511-25. [PMID: 22012985 PMCID: PMC3259011 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) gene cause late-onset Parkinson’s disease, but its physiological function has remained largely unknown. Here we report that LRRK2 activates a calcium-dependent protein kinase kinase-β (CaMKK-β)/adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway which is followed by a persistent increase in autophagosome formation. Simultaneously, LRKR2 overexpression increases the levels of the autophagy receptor p62 in a protein synthesis-dependent manner, and decreases the number of acidic lysosomes. The LRRK2-mediated effects result in increased sensitivity of cells to stressors associated with abnormal protein degradation. These effects can be mimicked by the lysosomal Ca2+-mobilizing messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and can be reverted by an NAADP receptor antagonist or expression of dominant-negative receptor constructs. Collectively, our data indicate a molecular mechanism for LRRK2 deregulation of autophagy and reveal previously unidentified therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez-Suaga
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine ‘López-Neyra’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Berta Luzón-Toro
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine ‘López-Neyra’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Dev Churamani
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ling Zhang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK and
| | | | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Philip G. Woodman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK and
| | | | - Sabine Hilfiker
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine ‘López-Neyra’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34 958181654; Fax: +34 958181632;
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Hirata H, Lopes GS, Jurkiewicz A, Garcez-do-Carmo L, Smaili SS. Bcl-2 Modulates Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Calcium Stores in PC12 Cells. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:238-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Curry MC, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. Plasma membrane calcium ATPases and cancer. Biofactors 2011; 37:132-8. [PMID: 21674637 DOI: 10.1002/biof.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) are vital regulators of basal Ca(2+) and shape the nature of intracellular free Ca(2+) transients after cellular stimuli and are thus regulators of a plethora of cellular processes. Studies spanning many years have identified that at least some cancers are associated with a remodeling of PMCA isoform expression. This alteration in Ca(2+) efflux capacity may have a variety of consequences including reduced sensitivity to apoptosis and increases in the responsiveness of cancer cells to proliferative stimuli. In this review we provide an overview of studies focused on PMCAs in the context of cancer. We discuss how the remodeling of PMCA expression could provide a survival and/or growth advantage to cancer cells, as well as the potential of pharmacological agents that target specific PMCA isoforms to be novel therapies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merril C Curry
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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35
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Bossy B, Perkins G, Bossy-Wetzel E. Clearing the brain's cobwebs: the role of autophagy in neuroprotection. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 6:97-101. [PMID: 19305790 PMCID: PMC2647148 DOI: 10.2174/157015908784533897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregates or inclusion bodies are common hallmarks of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Why these aggregates form remains unclear. Equally debated is whether they are toxic, protective, or simple by-products. Increasing evidence, however, supports the notion that in general aggregates confer toxicity and disturb neuronal function by hampering axonal transport, synaptic integrity, transcriptional regulation, and mitochondrial function. Thus, neuroscientists in search of effective treatments to slow neural loss during neurodegeneration have long been interested in finding new ways to clear inclusion bodies. Intriguingly, two studies using conditional neuron-specific gene ablations of autophagy regulators in mice revealed that autophagy loss elicits inclusion body formation and a neurodegenerative cascade.Such studies indicate autophagy may be a built-in defense mechanism to clear the nervous system of inclusion bodies.This new finding has implications for our understanding of aging and neurodegeneration and the development of new therapies. First, we discuss the pathways underlying autophagy and its controversial role in cell death and survival regulation.We then discuss the physiological role of autophagy in the aging process of the nervous system. In the final portion of this review, we discuss the therapeutic promise of inducing autophagy and the potential side effects of such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Bossy
- University of Central Florida, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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36
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Liao WC, Huang CC, Lu YC, Chi CC, Chu ST, Su HH, Kuo CC, Cheng JS, Tseng LL, Ho CM, Jan CR. Maprotiline-induced Ca2+ fluxes and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. Drug Dev Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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37
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Li L, Cao Z, Jia P, Wang Z. Calcium signals and caspase-12 participated in paraoxon-induced apoptosis in EL4 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:728-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stathopulos PB, Ikura M. Structurally delineating stromal interaction molecules as the endoplasmic reticulum calcium sensors and regulators of calcium release-activated calcium entry. Immunol Rev 2009; 231:113-31. [PMID: 19754893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen stores a crucial source of calcium (Ca2+) maintained orders of magnitude higher than the cytosol for the activation of a plethora of cellular responses transmitted in health and disease by a mutually efficient and communicative exchange of Ca2+ between compartments. A coordination of the Ca2+ signal is evident in the development of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) entry, vital to lymphocyte activation and replenishing of the ER Ca2+ stores, where modest decreases in ER luminal Ca2+ induce sustained increases in cytosolic Ca2+ sourced from steadfast extracellular Ca2+ supplies. While protein sensors that transduce Ca2+ signals in the cytosol such as calmodulin are succinctly understood, comparative data on the ER luminal Ca2+ sensors is only recently coming to light with the discovery that stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) sense variations in ER stored Ca2+ levels in the functional regulation of plasma membrane Orai proteins, the major component of CRAC channel pores. Drawing from data on the role of STIMs in the modulation of CRAC entry, this review illustrates the structural features that delimit the functional characteristics of ER Ca2+ sensors relative to well known cytoplasmic Ca2+ sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Stathopulos
- Division of Signaling Biology and Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ullrich C, Humpel C. The pro-apoptotic substance thapsigargin selectively stimulates re-growth of brain capillaries. Curr Neurovasc Res 2009; 6:171-80. [PMID: 19534719 PMCID: PMC4311392 DOI: 10.2174/156720209788970063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thapsigargin is a pro-apoptotic chemical, which has been shown to be useful to study cell death of cholinergic or dopaminergic neurons, or cells, which degenerate in Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, respectively. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of thapsigargin in the well established organotypic brain co-slice model composed of the basal nucleus of Meynert (nBM), ventral mesencephalon (vMes), dorsal striatum (dStr) and parietal cortex (Ctx). Cholinergic acetyltransferase-positive neurons in the nBM and dStr and dopaminergic tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the vMes survived, when cultured for 4 weeks with nerve growth factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Nerve fibers of cholinergic nBM neurons grew into the cortex and dopaminergic nerve fibers sprouted into dopamine D2 receptor-positive dStr. The whole co-slice contained a dense laminin-positive capillary network. Treatment of co-cultures with 3 microM thapsigargin for 24 hr significantly decreased the number of cholinergic neurons and dopaminergic neurons. This cell death displayed apoptotic DAPI-positive malformed nuclei and enhanced TUNEL-positive cells. Thapsigargin selectively stimulated the laminin-positive capillary growth between the nBM and Ctx. In conclusion, the induced cell death of cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons may be accompanied by enhanced angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Ullrich
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Exp. Alzheime’s Research, Department of Psychiatry, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Exp. Alzheime’s Research, Department of Psychiatry, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
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DUDEJA VIKAS, MUJUMDAR NAMEETA, PHILLIPS PHOEBE, CHUGH ROHIT, BORJA–CACHO DANIEL, DAWRA RAJINDERK, VICKERS SELWYNM, SALUJA ASHOKK. Heat shock protein 70 inhibits apoptosis in cancer cells through simultaneous and independent mechanisms. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:1772-82. [PMID: 19208367 PMCID: PMC2896387 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved and serve a multitude of functions that mediate cell survival. HSP70, the only inducible form of the 70-kilodalton subfamily of HSPs, is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells and has been shown to inhibit caspase-dependent apoptosis. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which HSP70 inhibits apoptosis in cancer cells. METHODS HSP70 expression was down-regulated in cultured pancreatic cancer cells by exposure to quercetin, triptolide, or short interfering RNAs. Intracellular Ca2+, cytosolic cathepsin B activity, caspase-3 activity, cell viability, and lysosome integrity were measured using colorimetric assays. Immunofluorescence assays were used to localize cathepsin B and Lamp2. BAPTA-AM was used to chelate intracellular Ca2+. RESULTS Inhibition of HSP70 increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in pancreatic and colon cancer cell lines and led to loss of lysosome integrity in pancreatic cancer cells. The release of intracellular Ca2+ and lysosomal enzymes activated caspase-dependent apoptosis independently and simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS HSP70 inhibits apoptosis in cancer cells by 2 mechanisms: attenuation of cytosolic calcium and stabilization of lysosomes. HSP70-mediated cell survival might occur in other types of cancer cells.
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41
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Chua CC, Gao J, Ho YS, Xu X, Kuo IC, Chua KY, Wang H, Hamdy RC, Reed JC, Chua BHL. Over-expression of a modified bifunctional apoptosis regulator protects against cardiac injury and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in transgenic mice. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:20-7. [PMID: 18805781 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BAR) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that interacts with both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. We hypothesize that over-expression of BAR Delta RING prevents apoptosis and injury following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) and attenuates doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a line of transgenic mice that carried a human BAR Delta RING transgene under the control of the mouse alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. The RING domain, which binds ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, was deleted to prevent auto-ubiquitination of BAR and allow accumulation of the BAR protein, which binds apoptosis-regulating proteins. High levels of human BAR Delta RING transcripts and 42 KDa BAR Delta RING protein were expressed in the hearts of transgenic mice. When excised hearts were reperfused ex vivo for 45 min as Langendorff preparations after 45 min of global ischaemia, the functional recovery of the hearts, expressed as left ventricular developed pressure x heart rate, was 23 +/- 1.7% in the non-transgenic hearts compared with 51.5 +/- 4.3% in the transgenic hearts (P < 0.05). For in vivo studies, mice were subjected to 50 min of ligation of the left descending anterior coronary artery followed by 4 h of reperfusion. The infarct sizes following I/R injury, expressed as the percentage of the area at risk, were significantly smaller in the transgenic mice than in the non-transgenic mice (29 +/- 4 vs. 55 +/- 4%, P < 0.05). In hearts of mice subjected to cardiac I/R injury, BAR transgenic hearts had significantly fewer in situ oligo-ligation-positive cardiac cells (5.0 +/- 0.4 vs. 13.4 +/- 0.5%, P < 0.05). Over-expression of BAR Delta RING also significantly attenuated DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that over-expression of BAR Delta RING renders the heart more resistant to I/R injury and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, and this protection correlates with reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chang Chua
- Cecile Cox Quillen Laboratory of Geriatrics, James H. Quillen School of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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Claro S, Oshiro MEM, Freymuller E, Katchburian E, Kallas EG, Cerri PS, Ferreira AT. Gamma-radiation induces apoptosis via sarcoplasmatic reticulum in guinea pig ileum smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590:20-8. [PMID: 18582867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of gamma-radiation on cells isolated from the longitudinal smooth muscle layer of the guinea pig ileum, a relatively radioresistant tissue. Single doses (up to 50 Gy) reduced the amount of sarcoplasmatic reticulum and condensed the myofibrils, as shown by electron microscopy 3 days post-irradiation. After that, contractility of smooth muscle strips was reduced. Ca(2+) handling was altered after irradiation, as shown in fura-2 loaded cells, with elevated basal intracellular Ca(2+), reduced amount of intrareticular Ca(2+), and reduced capacitive Ca(2+) entry. Radiation also induced apoptosis, judged from flow cytometry of cells loaded with proprium iodide. Electron microscopy showed that radiation caused condensation of chromatin in dense masses around the nuclear envelope, the presence of apoptotic bodies, fragmentation of the nucleus, detachment of cells from their neighbors, and reductions in cell volume. Radiation also caused activation of caspase 12. Apoptosis was reduced by the administration of the caspase inhibitor Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl-ketone methyl ester (Z-VAD-FMK) during the 3 day period after irradiation, and by the chelator of intracellular Ca(2+), 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), from 1 h before until 2 h after irradiation. BAPTA also reduced the effects of radiation on contractility, basal intracellular Ca(2+), amount of intrareticular Ca(2+), capacitative Ca(2+) entry, and apoptosis. In conclusion, the effects of gamma radiation on contractility, Ca(2+) handling, and apoptosis appear due to a toxic action of intracellular Ca(2+). Ca(2+)-induced damage to the sarcoplasmatic reticulum seems a key event in impaired Ca(2+) handling and apoptosis induced by gamma-radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Claro
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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43
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Sakaki K, Wu J, Kaufman RJ. Protein kinase Ctheta is required for autophagy in response to stress in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:15370-80. [PMID: 18356160 PMCID: PMC2397484 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m710209200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved process for the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles. Recent observations indicate that autophagy is induced in response to cellular insults that result in the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the signaling mechanisms that activate autophagy under these conditions are not understood. Here, we report that ER stress-induced autophagy requires the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), a member of the novel-type PKC family. Induction of ER stress by treatment with either thapsigargin or tunicamycin activated autophagy in immortalized hepatocytes as monitored by the conversion LC3-I to LC3-II, clustering of LC3 into dot-like cytoplasmic structures, and electron microscopic detection of autophagosomes. Pharmacological inhibition of PKC or small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PKC prevented the autophagic response to ER stress. Treatment with ER stressors induced PKC phosphorylation within the activation loop and localization of phospho-PKC to LC3-containing dot structures in the cytoplasm. However, signaling through the known unfolded protein response sensors was not required for PKC activation. PKC activation and stress-induced autophagy were blocked by chelation of intracellular Ca(2+) with BAPTA-AM. PKC was not activated or required for autophagy in response to amino acid starvation. These observations indicate that Ca(2+)-dependent PKC activation is specifically required for autophagy in response to ER stress but not in response to amino acid starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Sakaki
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Internal Medicine and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jun Wu
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Internal Medicine and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Internal Medicine and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Biagioli M, Pifferi S, Ragghianti M, Bucci S, Rizzuto R, Pinton P. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and alteration in calcium homeostasis are involved in cadmium-induced apoptosis. Cell Calcium 2008; 43:184-95. [PMID: 17588656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium, a toxic environmental contaminant, exerts adverse effects on different cellular pathways such as cell proliferation, DNA damage and apoptosis. In particular, the modulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis seems to have an important role during Cd(2+) injury, but the precise assessment of Ca(2+) signalling still remains poorly understood. We used aequorin-based probes specifically directed to intracellular organelles to study Ca(2+) changes during cadmium injury. We observed that cadmium decreased agonist-evoked endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) signals and caused a 40% inhibition of sarcoplasmic-ER calcium ATPases activity. Moreover, time course experiments correlate morphological alterations, processing of xbp-1 mRNA and caspase-12 activation during cadmium administration. Finally, the time response of ER to cadmium injury was compared with that of mitochondria. In conclusion, we highlighted a novel pathway of cadmium-induced cell death triggered by ER stress and involving caspase-12. Mitochondria and ER pathways seemed to share common time courses and a parallel activation of caspase-12 and caspase-9 seemed likely to be involved in acute cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Biagioli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Development Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy.
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45
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Hail N, Carter BZ, Konopleva M, Andreeff M. Apoptosis effector mechanisms: a requiem performed in different keys. Apoptosis 2007; 11:889-904. [PMID: 16547589 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-6712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the regulated form of cell death utilized by metazoans to remove unneeded, damaged, or potentially deleterious cells. Certain manifestations of apoptosis may be associated with the proteolytic activity of caspases. These changes are often held as hallmarks of apoptosis in dying cells. Consequently, many regard caspases as the central effectors or executioners of apoptosis. However, this "caspase-centric" paradigm of apoptotic cell death does not appear to be as universal as once believed. In fact, during apoptosis the efficacy of caspases may be highly dependent on the cytotoxic stimulus as well as genetic and epigenetic factors. An ever-increasing number of studies strongly suggest that there are effectors in addition to caspases, which are important in generating apoptotic signatures in dying cells. These seemingly caspase-independent effectors may represent evolutionarily redundant or failsafe mechanisms for apoptotic cell elimination. In this review, we will discuss the molecular regulation of caspases and various caspase-independent effectors of apoptosis, describe the potential context and/or limitations of these mechanisms, and explore why the understanding of these processes may have relevance in cancer where treatment is believed to engage apoptosis to destroy tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Denver and Health Sciences Center, The University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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Mizobuchi M, Ogata H, Hatamura I, Saji F, Koiwa F, Kinugasa E, Koshikawa S, Akizawa T. Activation of calcium-sensing receptor accelerates apoptosis in hyperplastic parathyroid cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 362:11-16. [PMID: 17706605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcimimetic compounds inhibit not only parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis and secretion, but also parathyroid cell proliferation. The aim of this investigation is to examine the effect of the calcimimetic compound NPS R-568 (R-568) on parathyroid cell death in uremic rats. Hyperplastic parathyroid glands were obtained from uremic rats (subtotal nephrectomy and high-phosphorus diet), and incubated in the media only or the media which contained high concentration of R-568 (10(-4)M), or 10% cyclodextrin, for 6h. R-568 treatment significantly suppressed medium PTH concentration compared with that of the other two groups. R-568 treatment not only increased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay-positive cells, but also induced the morphologic changes of cell death determined by light or electron microscopy. These results suggest that CaR activation by R-568 accelerates parathyroid cell death, probably through an apoptotic mechanism in uremic rats in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Mizobuchi
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ogata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, 35-1, Chigasaki-chuo, Tsuzuki, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
| | - Ikuji Hatamura
- First Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumie Saji
- Division of Nephrology and Blood Purification Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Koiwa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eriko Kinugasa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, 35-1, Chigasaki-chuo, Tsuzuki, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan
| | - Shozo Koshikawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tadao Akizawa
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Liang B, Song X, Liu G, Li R, Xie J, Xiao L, Du M, Zhang Q, Xu X, Gan X, Huang D. Involvement of TR3/Nur77 translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum in ER stress-induced apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:2833-44. [PMID: 17543302 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear orphan receptor TR3/Nur77/NGFI-B is a novel apoptotic effector protein that initiates apoptosis largely by translocating from the nucleus to the mitochondria, causing the release of cytochrome c. However, it is possible that TR3 translocates to other organelles. The present study was designed to determine the intracellular localization of TR3 following CD437-induced nucleocytoplasmic translocation and the mechanisms involved in TR3-induced apoptosis. In human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells and human esophageal squamous carcinoma EC109 and EC9706 cells, 5 microM CD437 induced translocation of TR3 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This distribution was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis, subcellular fractionation analysis and coimmunoprecipitation analysis. The translocated TR3 interacted with ER-targeting Bcl-2; initiated an early release of Ca(2+) from ER; resulted in ER stress and induced apoptosis through ER-specific caspase-4 activation, together with induction of mitochondrial stress and subsequent activation of caspase-9. Our results identified a novel distribution of TR3 in the ER and defined two parallel mitochondrial- and ER-based pathways that ultimately result in apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- Center for Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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48
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Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an important genomic response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The ER chaperones, GRP78 and Gadd153, play critical roles in cell survival or cell death as part of the UPR, which is regulated by three signaling pathways: PERK/ATF4, IRE1/XBP1 and ATF6. During the UPR, accumulated unfolded protein is either correctly refolded, or unsuccessfully refolded and degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. When the unfolded protein exceeds a threshold, damaged cells are committed to cell death, which is mediated by ATF4 and ATF6, as well as activation of the JNK/AP-1/Gadd153-signaling pathway. Gadd153 suppresses activation of Bcl-2 and NF-kappaB. UPR-mediated cell survival or cell death is regulated by the balance of GRP78 and Gadd153 expression, which is coregulated by NF-kappaB in accordance with the magnitude of ER stress. Less susceptibility to cell death upon activation of the UPR may contribute to tumor progression and drug resistance of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kim
- International Radiation Information Center, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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49
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Høyer-Hansen M, Bastholm L, Szyniarowski P, Campanella M, Szabadkai G, Farkas T, Bianchi K, Fehrenbacher N, Elling F, Rizzuto R, Mathiasen IS, Jäättelä M. Control of macroautophagy by calcium, calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-beta, and Bcl-2. Mol Cell 2007; 25:193-205. [PMID: 17244528 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is an evolutionary conserved lysosomal pathway involved in the turnover of cellular macromolecules and organelles. In spite of its essential role in tissue homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms regulating mammalian macroautophagy are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a rise in the free cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)](c)) is a potent inducer of macroautophagy. Various Ca(2+) mobilizing agents (vitamin D(3) compounds, ionomycin, ATP, and thapsigargin) inhibit the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin, a negative regulator of macroautophagy, and induce massive accumulation of autophagosomes in a Beclin 1- and Atg7-dependent manner. This process is mediated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-beta and AMP-activated protein kinase and inhibited by ectopic Bcl-2 located in the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), where it lowers the [Ca(2+)](ER) and attenuates agonist-induced Ca(2+) fluxes. Thus, an increase in the [Ca(2+)](c) serves as a potent inducer of macroautophagy and as a target for the antiautophagy action of ER-located Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Høyer-Hansen
- Apoptosis Department and Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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50
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Abstract
Physiological stimuli causing an increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ [Ca2+], or the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum invariably induce mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, with a rise of mitochondrial matrix free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]m). The [Ca2+]m rise occurs despite the low affinity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake systems measured in vitro and the often limited amplitude of the cytoplasmic [Ca2+]c increases. The [Ca2+]m increase is typically in the 0.2-3 microM range, which allows the activation of Ca2(+)-regulated enzymes of the Krebs cycle; and it rapidly returns to the resting level if the [Ca2+], rise recedes due to activation of mitochondrial efflux mechanisms and matrix Ca2+ buffering. Mitochondria thus accumulate Ca2+ and efficiently control the spatial and temporal shape of cellular Ca2+ signals, yet this situation exposes them to the hazards of Ca2+ overload. Indeed, mitochondrial Ca2+, which is so important for metabolic regulation, can become a death factor by inducing opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP), a high conductance inner membrane channel. Persistent PTP opening is followed by depolarization with Ca2+ release, cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, matrix swelling with inner'membrane remodeling and eventually outer membrane rupture with release of cytochrome c and other apoptogenic proteins. Understanding the mechanisms through which the Ca2+ signal can be shifted from a physiological signal into a pathological effector is an unresolved problem of modern pathophysiology that holds great promise for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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