1
|
Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Madden MC. Air pollutants disrupt iron homeostasis to impact oxidant generation, biological effects, and tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:38-55. [PMID: 32092410 PMCID: PMC8274387 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants cause changes in iron homeostasis through: 1) a capacity of the pollutant, or a metabolite(s), to complex/chelate iron from pivotal sites in the cell or 2) an ability of the pollutant to displace iron from pivotal sites in the cell. Through either pathway of disruption in iron homeostasis, metal previously employed in essential cell processes is sequestered after air pollutant exposure. An absolute or functional cell iron deficiency results. If enough iron is lost or is otherwise not available within the cell, cell death ensues. However, prior to death, exposed cells will attempt to reverse the loss of requisite metal. This response of the cell includes increased expression of metal importers (e.g. divalent metal transporter 1). Oxidant generation after exposure to air pollutants includes superoxide production which functions in ferrireduction necessary for cell iron import. Activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators also result from a cell iron deficiency, absolute or functional, after exposure to air pollutants. Finally, air pollutant exposure culminates in the development of inflammation and fibrosis which is a tissue response to the iron deficiency challenging cell survival. Following the response of increased expression of importers and ferrireduction, activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors, release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and inflammation and fibrosis, cell iron is altered, and a new metal homeostasis is established. This new metal homeostasis includes increased total iron concentrations in cells with metal now at levels sufficient to meet requirements for continued function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Madden
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gan-Lu-Yin Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Murine WEHI-3 Leukemia Cells and Tumor Growth in BALB/C Allograft Tumor Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:684071. [PMID: 23573143 PMCID: PMC3613066 DOI: 10.1155/2013/684071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the antitumor effect of Gan-Lu-Yin (GLY), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, on leukemia. Ethanolic extract of GLY was applied to evaluate its regulatory mechanisms in proliferation, migration, and differentiation of WEHI-3 leukemic cells as well as antitumor effect on BALB/c mice model. The results showed that GLY markedly reduced cell proliferation and migration with induced differentiation of WEHI-3 cells. The expression level of phosphorylated FAK, Akt, ERK1/2, and Rb was decreased p21 expression while level was increased in WEHI-3 treated with GLY. The results of cell cycle analysis revealed that GLY treatment could markedly induce G1 phase arrest and decrease cell population in S phase. Moreover, experimental results demonstrated that GLY decreased the protein expression and enzyme activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. GLY treatment also reduced WEHI-3 leukemic infiltration in liver and spleen and tumor growth in animal model. Accordingly, GLY demonstrated an inhibitory effect on tumor growth with a regulatory mechanism partially through inhibiting FAK, Akt, and ERK expression in WEHI-3 cells. GLY may provide a promising antileukemic approach in the clinical application.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B. Hydroethidine- and MitoSOX-derived red fluorescence is not a reliable indicator of intracellular superoxide formation: another inconvenient truth. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:983-1001. [PMID: 20116425 PMCID: PMC3587154 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydroethidine (HE; or dihydroethidium) is the most popular fluorogenic probe used for detecting intracellular superoxide radical anion. The reaction between superoxide and HE generates a highly specific red fluorescent product, 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). In biological systems, another red fluorescent product, ethidium, is also formed, usually at a much higher concentration than 2-OH-E(+). In this article, we review the methods to selectively detect the superoxide-specific product (2-OH-E(+)) and the factors affecting its levels in cellular and biological systems. The most important conclusion of this review is that it is nearly impossible to assess the intracellular levels of the superoxide-specific product, 2-OH-E(+), using confocal microscopy or other fluorescence-based microscopic assays and that it is essential to measure by HPLC the intracellular HE and other oxidation products of HE, in addition to 2-OH-E(+), to fully understand the origin of red fluorescence. The chemical reactivity of mitochondria-targeted hydroethidine (Mito-HE, MitoSOX red) with superoxide is similar to the reactivity of HE with superoxide, and therefore, all of the limitations attributed to the HE assay are applicable to Mito-HE (or MitoSOX) as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rogalska A, Koceva-Chyła A, Jóźwiak Z. Aclarubicin-induced ROS generation and collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential in human cancer cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 176:58-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
5
|
Sedic M, Poznic M, Gehrig P, Scott M, Schlapbach R, Hranjec M, Karminski-Zamola G, Pavelic K, Kraljevic Pavelic S. Differential antiproliferative mechanisms of novel derivative of benzimidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoline in colon cancer cells depending on their p53 status. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2121-32. [PMID: 18645022 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present article, we describe a mechanistic study of a novel derivative of N-amidino-substituted benzimidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoline in two human colorectal cancer cell lines differing in p53 gene status. We used a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry to complement the results obtained by common molecular biology methods for analyzing cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Tested quinoline derivative inhibited colon cancer cell growth, whereby p53 gene status seemed to be critical for its differential response patterns. DNA damage and oxidative stress are likely to be the common triggers of molecular events underlying its antiproliferative effects. In HCT 116 (wild-type p53), this compound induced a p53-dependent response resulting in accumulation of the G(1)- and S-phase cells and induction of apoptosis via both caspase-3-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Quinoline derivative triggered transient, p53-independent G(2)-M arrest in mutant p53 cells (SW620) and succeeding mitotic transition, whereby these cells underwent cell death probably due to aberrant mitosis (mitotic catastrophe). Proteomic approach used in this study proved to be a valuable tool for investigating cancer cell response to newly synthesized compound, as it specifically unraveled some molecular changes that would not have been otherwise detected (e.g., up-regulation of the p53-dependent chemotherapeutic response marker maspin in HCT 116 and impairment in ribosome biogenesis in SW620). Finally, antiproliferative effects of tested quinoline derivative on SW620 cells strongly support its possible role as an antimetastatic agent and encourage further in vivo studies on the chemotherapeutic potential of this compound against colorectal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sedic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kania K, Zych A, Jóźwiak Z. Involvement of reactive oxygen species in aclarubicin-induced death of human trisomic and diabetic fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1010-9. [PMID: 17459657 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mode of cell death induced by aclarubicin in human trisomic and diabetic fibroblasts. The cells were incubated with aclarubicin for 2 h and then were cultured in drug-free medium for up to 96 h. Aclarubicin in trisomic and diabetic fibroblasts, compared with normal cells, induced lesser changes in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the content of intracellular calcium. The drug induced ROS-mediated apoptotic and necrotic pathways in all cell lines. The extent of apoptosis and necrosis was strongly dependent on the cell line, sensitivity to drug and post-treatment time. These results indicate that most resistant diabetic cells died prevalently by apoptosis. In the case of trisomic fibroblasts, the number of apoptotic cells decreased with post-incubation time. The role of reactive oxygen species in aclarubicin-induced cell death was confirmed by the diminution effects of antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate) on drug-induced ROS formation, increase of intracellular calcium and the extent of apoptosis and necrosis in fibroblast cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kania
- Department of Thermobiology, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boojar MMA, Shockravi A. On the cytotoxicity and status of oxidative stress of two novel synthesized tri-aza macrocyclic diamides as studied in the V79 cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3437-44. [PMID: 17391968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two tri-aza macrocycles as diamide derivatives of macrocyclic compounds possess a hydrophilic cavity surrounded by hydrophobic ring, which enables them to diffuse cell membrane and interfere with different living systems. In this study, we comparatively evaluated cytotoxicity effects of tri-aza dibenzo sulfoxide (TSD) and dibenzo sulfide (TTS) macrocyclic diamides in a range of doses (0.5-8mM) and the role of oxidative stress in V79 cell culture. We assessed the effects of these substances on ROS level, cellular viability, apoptosis events, activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and on some macromolecules' oxidative damage end-products: malondialdehyde (MDA), dityrosine, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) that were assessed by spectrometry and HPLC methods. Both compounds revealed cytotoxicity effects on cell culture particularly at doses >1mM after 24-h incubation. They decreased cellular viability and significantly promoted ROS generation, increased enzyme activities, and enhanced oxidative damages in which TSD was more effective. Treatment of cells with each compound alone increased significantly the percent of apoptotic events at 2 and then 4mM. Co-treatment with alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TCP) drastically reduced these events. Cells' exposure with mixture of 30 microM alpha-tocopherol and 8mM of each compound exerted significant decrease in the levels of ROS, enzyme activities, and oxidative damage biomarkers. As conclusion, our study documented the oxidative radical forming ability of the studied compounds and further strengthened the documentation of their cytotoxicity effects through lipids, proteins and DNA oxidation damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massod Mashhadi Akbar Boojar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Moallem University, No. 49, Mofateh Avenue, PO Box 15614, Tehran, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boojar MMA, Goodarzi F. Cytotoxicity and the levels of oxidative stress parameters in WI38 cells following 2 macrocyclic crown ethers treatment. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 364:321-7. [PMID: 16153622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Revised: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crown ethers as macrocyclic polyethers possess a hydrophilic cavity surrounded by hydrophobic ring which enable them to diffuse cell membrane. We evaluated cytotoxicity effects of 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6 and the role of oxidative stress in WI38 cells culture. METHODS The effect of these ethers in a range of doses (0.1 to 2 mmol/l) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and on some macromolecules oxidative damages end products; malondialdehyde (MDA) and dityrosine were assessed by spectrometry and HPLC methods. RESULTS Both compounds markedly inhibited the viability of cells with respect to control particularly at doses >0.5 mmol/l after 24- or 48 h incubation. The survivals of cells were measured using MTT assay. They lowered cell's viability and significantly promoted ROS generation, increased enzyme activities and enhanced oxidative damages in which 18-crown-6 was more effective. Treating cells with 30 microm of alpha-tocopherol in addition to 2 mmol/l of crown ethers showed significant decrease on the levels of ROS, enzyme activities, MDA and dityrosine. CONCLUSION We document the oxidative radicals forming ability of the studied crown ethers and further strengthens the documentation of their cytotoxicity effects through lipid and proteins oxidation damages.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wen-tao Q, Ying Z, Juan M, Xin G, Yu-bing X, Wei W, Xiaojun M. Optimization of the cell seeding density and modeling of cell growth and metabolism using the modified Gompertz model for microencapsulated animal cell culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:887-95. [PMID: 16358287 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation is one of the promising strategies for the in vitro production of proteins or in vivo delivery of therapeutic products. In order to design and fabricate the optimized microencapsulated cell system, the Gompertz model was applied and modified to describe the growth and metabolism of microencapsulated cell, including substrate consumption and product formation. The Gompertz model successfully described the cell growth kinetics and the modified Gompertz models fitted the substrate consumption and product formation well. It was demonstrated that the optimal initial cell seeding density was about 4-5 x 10(6) cells/mL of microcapsule, in terms of the maximum specific growth rate, the glucose consumption potential and the product formation potential calculated by the Gompertz and modified Gompertz models. Modeling of cell growth and metabolism in microcapsules provides a guideline for optimizing the culture of microencapsulated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wen-tao
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sutton A, Imbert A, Igoudjil A, Descatoire V, Cazanave S, Pessayre D, Degoul F. The manganese superoxide dismutase Ala16Val dimorphism modulates both mitochondrial import and mRNA stability. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2005; 15:311-9. [PMID: 15864132 DOI: 10.1097/01213011-200505000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A genetic dimorphism incorporates either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). The Ala-MTS confers a 40% higher MnSOD activity than the Val-MTS after import into isolated mitochondria in vitro. The present study aimed to characterize functional consequences in whole cells. HuH7 human hepatoma cells were transfected with vectors encoding for the human Ala- or Val-MnSOD variants fused to a Myc-His-tag. The Ala-variant resulted in four-fold higher levels of the mature exogenous protein and MnSOD activity than the Val-variant. Studies with a proteasome inhibitor indicated that precursor proteins are either imported into the mitochondria or degraded by the proteasome. Despite identical levels 8 h after transfection, mRNA levels at 36 h were two-fold higher for the Ala-encoding mRNA than the Val-mRNA. Decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased both MnSOD mitochondrial import and its mRNA levels. Much larger differences in the activity of the human Val- and Ala-MnSOD variants are observed in whole cells rather than after import experiments performed in vitro. First, the slowly imported Val-MnSOD is degraded by the proteasome in cells. Second, the slower mitochondrial import of the Val-variant may be associated with decreased mRNA stability, possibly due to impaired cotranslational import.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sutton
- INSERM U481, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dolma S, Lessnick SL, Hahn WC, Stockwell BR. Identification of genotype-selective antitumor agents using synthetic lethal chemical screening in engineered human tumor cells. Cancer Cell 2003; 3:285-96. [PMID: 12676586 DOI: 10.1016/s1535-6108(03)00050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 872] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We used synthetic lethal high-throughput screening to interrogate 23,550 compounds for their ability to kill engineered tumorigenic cells but not their isogenic normal cell counterparts. We identified known and novel compounds with genotype-selective activity, including doxorubicin, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, camptothecin, sangivamycin, echinomycin, bouvardin, NSC146109, and a novel compound that we named erastin. These compounds have increased activity in the presence of hTERT, the SV40 large and small T oncoproteins, the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoproteins, and oncogenic HRAS. We found that overexpressing hTERT and either E7 or LT increased expression of topoisomerase 2alpha and that overexpressing RAS(V12) and ST both increased expression of topoisomerase 1 and sensitized cells to a nonapoptotic cell death process initiated by erastin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Dolma
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|