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Hellwig PS, Bartz RH, Santos RRSA, Guedes JS, Silva MS, Lenardão EJ, Perin G. Telescoping Synthesis of 4-Organyl-5-(organylselanyl)thiazol-2-amines Promoted by Ultrasound. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300690. [PMID: 38426670 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis of new 4-organyl-5-(organylselanyl)thiazol-2-amine hybrids through a one-pot two-step protocol. The transition metal-free method involves the use of ultrasound as an alternative energy source and Oxone® as oxidant. To obtain the products, a telescoping approach was used, in which 4-organylthiazol-2-amines were firstly prepared under ultrasonic irradiation, followed by the addition of diorganyl diselenides and Oxone®. Thus, 16 compounds were prepared, with yields ranging from 61 % to 98 %, using 2-bromoacetophenone derivatives and diorganyl diselenides as easily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola S Hellwig
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo H Bartz
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela R S A Santos
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonatan S Guedes
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio S Silva
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Butt ARS, Abbasi MA, Siddiqui SZ, Muhammad S, Raza H, Shah SAA, Shahid M, Alsehemi AG, Kim SJ. Convergent synthesis, kinetics insight and allosteric computational ascriptions of thiazole-(5-aryl)oxadiazole hybrids embraced with propanamides as alkaline phosphatase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13798-13808. [PMID: 37197574 PMCID: PMC10184136 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01348k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the varied pharmacological prominence of thiazole and oxadiazole heterocyclic moieties, a unique series of bi-heterocyclic hybrids, 8a-h, was synthesized in a convergent manner. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR spectral studies. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds was predicted by examining their inhibitory effects against alkaline phosphatase, whereby all these molecules exhibited superb inhibitory potentials relative to the standard used. The kinetics mechanism was determined by Lineweaver-Burk plots which revealed that 8g inhibited the studied enzyme non-competitively by forming an enzyme-inhibitor complex. The inhibition constant Ki calculated from Dixon plots for this compound was 0.42 μM. The allosteric computational study was coherent with the experimental records and these ligands exhibited good binding energy values (kcal mol-1). The hemolytic analysis revealed their mild cytotoxicity towards red blood cell membranes and hence, these molecules have potential to be nontoxic medicinal scaffolds for the treatment of alkaline phosphate-associated ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman Sadiq Butt
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan +92-42-111000010 ext. 266
| | - Muhammad Athar Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan +92-42-111000010 ext. 266
| | - Sabahat Zahra Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan +92-42-111000010 ext. 266
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Raza
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University Gongju 32588 South Korea
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam Bandar Puncak Alam 42300 Selangor Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam Bandar Puncak Alam 42300 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
| | - Abdullah G Alsehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Song Ja Kim
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University Gongju 32588 South Korea
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3
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Al Okla S, Prashanth GP, Kurbet S, Al Attraqchi Y, Asaad A. Emergent "Bloody Diarrhea" Associated with the Use of Oral Cefdinir in Young Children: A Brief Report and Review of Literature. J Emerg Med 2023; 64:220-223. [PMID: 36822986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cefdinir is an extended-spectrum, third-generation, oral cephalosporin widely used in pediatric population to treat common bacterial infections, including otitis media and streptococcal pharyngitis. It is considered a safe and well-tolerated alternative to penicillin and macrolides. CASE REPORT This report describes a case series of 3 infants presenting to the emergency department for evaluation of "bloody diarrhea." The parents noticed red stools when their children were started on oral cefdinir when they were previously receiving iron-containing preparations. Reddish-colored heme-negative stools observed in all cases were due to the interaction of the drug with supplemental iron or iron-containing formula feeds. This adverse effect was reversible on discontinuation of cefdinir. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Red stools due to cefdinir is an underreported benign adverse drug reaction with fewer than 10 cases described in the literature. Thorough history taking with an appropriate focus on diet and drug history are essential to avoid parental anxiety, unnecessary patient workup, and economic burden to the caregivers in these cases. Awareness of this unusual adverse effect among emergency physicians could prevent further inconvenience for already overburdened health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Al Okla
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Santosh Kurbet
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education, Belagavi, India
| | - Yahya Al Attraqchi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman
| | - Alhasan Asaad
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman
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4
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Girardini M, Ferlenghi F, Annunziato G, Degiacomi G, Papotti B, Marchi C, Sammartino JC, Rasheed SS, Contini A, Pasca MR, Vacondio F, Evans JC, Dick T, Müller R, Costantino G, Pieroni M. Expanding the knowledge around antitubercular 5-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamides: Hit-to-lead optimization and release of a novel antitubercular chemotype via scaffold derivatization. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 245:114916. [PMID: 36399878 PMCID: PMC10583863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world, and the increased number of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains is a reason for concern. We have previously reported a series of substituted 5-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamides with growth inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and low propensity to be substrate of efflux pumps. Encouraged by these preliminary results, we have undertaken a medicinal chemistry campaign to determine the metabolic fate of these compounds and to delineate a reliable body of Structure-Activity Relationships. Keeping intact the (thiazol-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide core, as it is deemed to be the pharmacophore of the molecule, we have extensively explored the structural modifications able to confer good activity and avoid rapid clearance. Also, a small set of analogues based on isostere manipulation of the 2-aminothiazole were prepared and tested, with the aim to disclose novel antitubercular chemotypes. These studies, combined, were instrumental in designing improved compounds such as 42g and 42l, escaping metabolic degradation by human liver microsomes and, at the same time, maintaining good antitubercular activity against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Girardini
- P4T Group, Italy; Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferlenghi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale "Biopharmanet-tec", Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bianca Papotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - José Camilla Sammartino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sari S Rasheed
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna Contini
- P4T Group, Italy; Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Vacondio
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale "Biopharmanet-tec", Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Joanna C Evans
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Thomas Dick
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA; Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- P4T Group, Italy; Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale "Biopharmanet-tec", Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale Misure (CIM) 'G. Casnati', University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Pieroni
- P4T Group, Italy; Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale "Biopharmanet-tec", Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Alam MT, Mujtaba MA, Hussain A, Ali A, Imran M, Barkat MA, Abdel-Gawad SA. Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) Technique to Quantify Cefdinir in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 61:366-374. [PMID: 35817401 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A biosensitive analysis method development and validation was performed for accurate and rapid quantification of cefdinir (CDR) in human plasma by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique coupled with electrospray ionization. Analysis was carried out using a C18 column with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and operating temperature of 30.0 ± 1°C. The drug was eluted by optimizing the m/z ratios of 396.20 → 227.20 and 428.17 → 241.10, for cefdinir and IS (internal standard), respectively. The intraday precision (%CV) for Cefdinir ranged from 2.8% and 6.7% as lower limit of quantification of quality control (LLOQ QC) and higher level of quantification of quality control (HQC QC), respectively, whereas these value were found to be as 3.0% and 5.6% for LLOQ and HQC, respectively after interday precision. Moreover, accuracy ranged from 107.70% (HQC QC) to 95.5% (LLOQ QC). The extraction mean recovery was found to be 83.91 ± 6.0% for cefdinir and 76.7 ± 6.23% for IS. The drug was stable throughout the analysis period. It was possible to analyze several plasma samples every day since each sample took <2.5 min to run. The method demonstrated successful quantification of CDR in human plasma, followed by pharmacokinetic profiles that were simple, accurate, sensitive and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tauquir Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A Abdel-Gawad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.,Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo ET-11562, Egypt
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6
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Design, synthesis and docking studies of new hydrazinyl-thiazole derivatives as anticancer and antimicrobial agents. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Yılmaz ZT, Odabaşoğlu HY, Şenel P, Yüzbaşıoğlu EÇ, Erdoğan T, Özdemir AD, Gölcü A, Odabaşoğlu M, Büyükgüngör O. Identification of a 3-(5-methyl-2-thiazolylamino)phthalide as a new minor groove agent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:4048-4064. [PMID: 35416121 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2061595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new 3-(5-methyl-2-thiazolylamino)phthalide molecule, 3-((5-methylthiazol-2-yl)amino)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one, was synthesized and characterized experimentally by FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis, and single-crystal X-ray analysis and theoretically by quantum chemical calculations. The single-crystal X-ray studies revealed that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P-21/c with unit-cell parameters a = 8.0550(6) Å, b = 6.1386(3) Å, c = 23.3228(18) Å, β = 97.724(6)° and Z = 4. Optimized geometries and the vibrational frequencies were studied at the density functional theory (DFT) level by using the hybrid functional B3LYP with a 6-311 G (d,p) basis set. The title compound was evaluated for its anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) activity on Chromobacterium violaceum 12472 and additionally for its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis 12228, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853, Escherichia coli 25922, and Proteus mirabilis 14153. The lowest MIC value was 0.24 μg/mL for S. aureus 29213 and the highest MIC value was 30.75 μg/mL for E. coli 25922. While anti-bacterial activity was observed in those other than the S. epidermidis and P. Mirabilis, anti-QS activity wasn't detected. Investigations on dsDNA binding affinity indicate that the title compound binds to dsDNA via the groove binding mode. Molecular docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations results showed also that the title compound prefers binding to the minor groove of dsDNA and remains stable in the minor groove throughout the molecular dynamics simulation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pelin Şenel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey Istanbul
| | - Elif Çepni Yüzbaşıoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Erdoğan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Kocaeli Vocational School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Daut Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey Istanbul
| | - Ayşegül Gölcü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey Istanbul
| | - Mustafa Odabaşoğlu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Denizli Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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8
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Kaur R, Rani P, Atanasov AG, Alzahrani Q, Gupta R, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Chawla P. Discovery and Development of Antibacterial Agents: Fortuitous and Designed. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:984-1029. [PMID: 34939541 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x19666211221150119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Today, antibacterial drug resistance has turned into a significant public health issue. Repeated intake, suboptimal and/or unnecessary use of antibiotics, and, additionally, the transfer of resistance genes are the critical elements that make microorganisms resistant to conventional antibiotics. A substantial number of antibacterials that were successfully utilized earlier for prophylaxis and therapeutic purposes have been rendered inadequate due to this phenomenon. Therefore, the exploration of new molecules has become a continuous endeavour. Many such molecules are at various stages of investigation. A surprisingly high number of new molecules are currently in the stage of phase 3 clinical trials. A few new agents have been commercialized in the last decade. These include solithromycin, plazomicin, lefamulin, omadacycline, eravacycline, delafloxacin, zabofloxacin, finafloxacin, nemonoxacin, gepotidacin, zoliflodacin, cefiderocol, BAL30072, avycaz, zerbaxa, vabomere, relebactam, tedizolid, cadazolid, sutezolid, triclosan and afabiacin. This article aims to review the investigational and recently approved antibacterials with a focus on their structure, mechanisms of action/resistance, and spectrum of activity. Delving deep, their success or otherwise in various phases of clinical trials is also discussed while attributing the same to various causal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravleen Kaur
- Department of Health Sciences, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia. Canada
| | - Pooja Rani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara. India
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna. Austria
| | - Qushmua Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacy/Nursing/Medicine Health and Environment, University of the Region of Joinville (UNIVILLE) volunteer researcher, Joinville. Brazil
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara . India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara . India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara . India
| | - Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan Moga, Punjab 142001. India
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9
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Abdel-Latif E, Khatab TK, Fekri A, Khalifa ME. Synthesis of New Binary Thiazole-Based Heterocycles and Their Molecular Docking Study as COVID-19 Main Protease (M pro) Inhibitors. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021; 91:1767-1773. [PMID: 34720568 PMCID: PMC8549589 DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221090231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isolated polynuclear binary heterocyclic compounds containing thiazole building block combined with benzofuran, pyrrole, thiazole, or thiophene via carboxamide and/or secondary amine as a junction are presented. The synthetic strategy of those is based on utilization of 2-chloroacetamido-4-phenylthiazole in the synthesis of binary heterocyclic compounds by cyclocondensation with salicylic aldehyde, acetonitrile derivatives, ammonium thiocyanate, 3-mercaptoacrylonitrile derivatives, and/or 3-mercaptoacrylate derivatives. The prepared binary thiazole-based heterocycles have been studied as protease (Mpro) inhibitors by molecular docking for visualization of their orientation and interactions with COVID-19 units using hydroxychloroquine as a reference molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abdel-Latif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - T K Khatab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A Fekri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M E Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Chen Y, Lv S, Lai R, Xu Y, Huang X, Li J, Lv G, Wu Y. Synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles via rhodium-catalyzed carbenoid insertion/annulation of sulfoxonium ylides with thioureas. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM, Said AY, Elneairy MAA. Pyridine‐2(
1
H
)‐thiones: Versatile precursors for one‐pot synthesis of new
nicotinonitrile‐thiazole
hybrids. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y. Said
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
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12
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Wan Y, Long J, Gao H, Tang Z. 2-Aminothiazole: A privileged scaffold for the discovery of anti-cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112953. [PMID: 33148490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been the second heath killer being next only to cardiovascular diseases in human society. Although many efforts have been taken for cancer therapy and many achievements have been yielded in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the current first-line anti-cancer agents are insufficient owing to the emergence of multi-drug resistance and side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new anti-cancer agents with high activity and low toxicity. 2-Aminothiazole is a class of important scaffold which widely distributes in many natural and synthetic compounds with many pharmacological effects including the potential anti-cancer activity. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of 2-aminothiazole as a privileged scaffold for the discovery of anti-cancer agents based on biological targets, such as tubulin protein, histone acetylase/histone deacetylase (HAT/HDAC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks), Src/Abl kinase, BRAF kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase and sphingosine kinase (SphK), and also investigated the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of most compounds. It is believed that this review could be helpful for medicinal chemists in the discovery of more anti-cancer agents bearing 2-aminothiazole scaffold with excellent activity and high therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China.
| | - Jiabing Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China
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13
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Ujwaldev SM, Harry NA, Neetha M, Anilkumar G. Novel synthesis of
2‐Aminothiazoles
via Fe(
III
)‐Iodine‐catalyzed Hantzsch‐type condensation. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nissy Ann Harry
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC) Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS) Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
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14
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2-aminothiazoles in drug discovery: Privileged structures or toxicophores? Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109244. [PMID: 32861748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The 2-aminothiazole functionality has long been established as a privileged structural feature and therefore frequently exploited in the process of drug discovery and development. It has been introduced into numerous compounds due to its capacity for targeting a wide range of therapeutic target proteins. On the other hand, the aminothiazole group has also been classified as a toxicophore susceptible to metabolic activation and the ensuing reactive metabolite formation, hence caution is warranted when used in drug design. This review is divided into three parts entailing: (i) the general characteristics of the aminothiazole group, (ii) the advantages of the aminothiazole group in medicinal chemistry, and (iii) the impact of the integrated aminothiazole group on compound safety profile.
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15
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Bahkali HA, Alshuraim RA, Alghalbi M, Mohzari YA, Asdaq SMB. Cefdinir associated bloody stool in Riyadh infant: A case report. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3162-3164. [PMID: 32984193 PMCID: PMC7491827 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_505_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cefdinir is one of the broad spectrum cephalosporin used as a replacement to amoxicillin in allergic pediatric population. There are reports of forming red stool in patients receiving cefdinir along with iron or iron containing preparations. This is a benign interaction and wane upon completion/discontinuation of cefdinir therapy. This case report describes a 6-month-old boy whose parents were distressed when they found reddening of their ward's diaper while taking cefdinir in presence of iron supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Alghalbi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, PSMMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Ali Mohzari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Zhang Q, Wu J, Pan Z, Zhang W, Zhou W. A one-pot synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles via the coupling of ketones and thiourea using I2/dimethyl sulfoxide as a catalytic oxidative system. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820930961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-aminothiazoles is prepared in moderate-to-good yields by the direct coupling of ketones and thiourea using I2/dimethyl sulfoxide as a catalytic oxidative system. This method avoids the preparation of lachrymatory and toxic α-haloketones and the use of an acid-binding agent, thus providing a more convenient approach to 2-aminothiazoles compared to the Hantzsch reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiefei Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zexi Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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17
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Ansari MA, Yadav D, Singh MS. Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalyst‐ and Additive‐Free Cross‐Coupling of β‐Ketothioamides with α‐Diazo 1,3‐Diketones: Access to Highly Functionalized Thiazolines. Chemistry 2020; 26:8083-8089. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monish Arbaz Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
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18
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Morina D, Sessevmez M, Sinani G, Mülazımoğlu L, Cevher E. Oral tablet formulations containing cyclodextrin complexes of poorly water soluble cefdinir to enhance its bioavailability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Ejaz S, Nadeem H, Paracha RZ, Sarwar S, Ejaz S. Designing, synthesis and characterization of 2-aminothiazole-4-carboxylate Schiff bases; antimicrobial evaluation against multidrug resistant strains and molecular docking. BMC Chem 2019; 13:115. [PMID: 31535091 PMCID: PMC6744641 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2-Aminothiazoles are significant class of organic medicinal compounds utilized as starting material for the synthesis of diverse range of heterocyclic analogues with promising therapeutic roles as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV, antioxidant, antitumor, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory & analgesic agents. Experimental Eight compounds 1a, 2a-2g were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C). Evaluation of antibacterial potential against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates was performed and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined. Antifungal activity was also performed. Protein-ligand interactions of compounds with target enzyme were evaluated through docking studies. Results Resistance profiling of bacterical clinical isolates (MDRs) depicted that some standard drugs used were not active against these MDRs while our synthesized compounds showed good MIC values. Among all the synthesized compounds, 2a and 2b showed significant antibacterial potential towards gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa at MIC 250 µg/mL and 375 µg/mL respectively. Likewise, compound 2d and 2g exhibited inhibitory potential against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli at MIC values of 250 and 375 µg/mL respectively. Compound 2b showed maximum antifungal potential against Candida glabrata (ATCC 62934) with a zone of inhibition 21.0 mm as compared to the reference drug nystatin which showed lesser antifungal potential with a zone of inhibition of 19.1 mm. Candida albicans (ATCC 60387) showed maximum sensitivity to compound 2a with a zone of inhibition 20.0 mm. Its antifungal activity is more in comparison to reference drug nystatin with exhibited the zone of inhibition of 19.3 mm. Designed compounds were docked with the target enzyme UDP-N-acetylmuramate/l-alanine ligase. The compound 2b showed highest binding affinity (- 7.6 kcal/mol). Conclusions The synthesized compounds showed moderate to significant antibacterial and antifungal potential. It is clear from the binding affinities that compounds having hydroxyl group substituted on benzene ring possess strong binding affinity as compared to other analogues. These designed compounds could be considered to act as antagonists against target UDP-N-acetylmuramate/l-alanine ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Ejaz
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- 2Research Center for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sarwar
- 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Ejaz
- 4Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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20
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Radwan AS, Khalid MAA. Synthesis, Docking, and Anticancer Activity of New Thiazole Clubbed Thiophene, Pyridine, or Chromene Scaffolds. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Radwan
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College; Taif University; Taif 21995 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. A. Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College; Taif University; Taif 21995 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; University of Khartoum; Khartoum P.O. Box 321 Sudan
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21
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Das R, Asthana GS, Suri KA, Mehta D, Asthana A. Recent Developments in Azole Compounds as Antitubercular Agent. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180622144414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health disaster and is a wide-reaching hitch. The improper use of antibiotics in chemotherapy of TB patients led to the current problem of tuberculosis therapy which gives rise to Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) strains. Nitrogen heterocycles including azole compounds are an important class of therapeutic agent with electron-rich property. Azole-based derivatives easily bind with the enzymes and receptors in organisms through noncovalent interactions, thereby possessing various applications in medicinal chemistry. Research on azoles derivatives have been expansively carried out and have become one of the extremely active area in recent years and the progress is quite rapid. A genuine attempt to review chemistry of azoles and to describe various azole-based compounds synthesized in the last two decades having promising antitubercular potential is described in the present article. It is hopeful that azole compounds may continue to serve as an important direction for the exploitation of azole-based antitubercular drugs with better curative effect, lower toxicity, less side effects, especially fewer resistances and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Das
- MMCP, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207. HR, India
| | - Gyati S. Asthana
- MMCP, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207. HR, India
| | | | - Dinesh Mehta
- MMCP, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207. HR, India
| | - Abhay Asthana
- MMCP, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207. HR, India
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22
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Synthesis, Modeling Study and Antioxidants Activity of New Heterocycles Derived from 4-Antipyrinyl-2-Chloroacetamidothiazoles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the preparation of twelve new heterocyclic scaffolds containing an antipyrinyl-thiazole hybrid through the reaction of 4-antipyrinyl-2-chloroacetamido-thiazoles 1 and 6 with various types of nucleophiles, namely; ethyl thioglycolate, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, ammonium thiocyanate, malononitrile, and salicylaldehyde. The constructed compounds were characterized by conventional spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass analysis). A DFT method (material studio package) was used to predict the geometry, bond lengths, bond angles, and dipole moments as well as other global chemical reactivities of the constructed antipyrinyl-thiazole compounds. Also, their semi-core pseudopods calculations (dspp) were carried out with DNP (double numerical basis sets plus polarization functional) to predict the properties of materials. In addition, the antioxidant activity of these antipyrinyl-thiazole scaffolds has been screened by the ABTS method. The results indicated that 2-(4-antipyrinylthiazolylamino)-5-substituitedbenzylidene-thiazol-4(5H)-ones 10b and 10c exhibited the best antioxidant activity with a percentage inhibition of 85.74% and 83.51%, respectively.
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23
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Roslan II, Ng KH, Gondal MA, Basheer C, Dastageer MA, Jaenicke S, Chuah GK. Visible Light-Mediated Coupling of Thioureas and 1,3-Dicarbonyls: Towards a Leaving Group-Free Synthesis of Aminothiazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irwan Iskandar Roslan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Kian-Hong Ng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Mohammed Ashraf Gondal
- Physics Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chanbasha Basheer
- Chemistry Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Dastageer
- Physics Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephan Jaenicke
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Gaik-Khuan Chuah
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
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24
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Abu-Melha S. Design, Synthesis and DFT/DNP Modeling Study of New 2-Amino-5-arylazothiazole Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020434. [PMID: 29462895 PMCID: PMC6017174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of 2-amino-5-arylazothiazole derivatives has been designed and synthesized in 61–78% yields and screened as potential antibacterial drug candidates against the Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The geometry of the title compounds were being studied using the Material Studio package and semi-core pseudopods calculations (dspp) were performed with the double numerica basis sets plus polarization functional (DNP) to predict the properties of materials using the hybrid FT/B3LYP method. Modeling calculations, especially the (EH-EL) difference and the energetic parameters revealed that some of the title compounds may be promising tools for further research work and the activity is structure dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraa Abu-Melha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Girls, King Khaled University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
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25
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Cho HJ, Jee JP, Kang JY, Shin DY, Choi HG, Maeng HJ, Cho KH. Cefdinir Solid Dispersion Composed of Hydrophilic Polymers with Enhanced Solubility, Dissolution, and Bioavailability in Rats. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020280. [PMID: 28208830 PMCID: PMC6155681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop cefdinir solid dispersions (CSDs) prepared using hydrophilic polymers with enhanced dissolution/solubility and in vivo oral bioavailability. CSDs were prepared with hydrophilic polymers such as hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC; CSD1), carboxymethylcellulose-Na (CMC-Na; CSD2), polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30; CSD3) at the weight ratio of 1:1 (drug:polymer) using a spray-drying method. The prepared CSDs were characterized by aqueous solubility, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), aqueous viscosity, and dissolution test in various media. The oral bioavailability of CSDs was also evaluated in rats and compared with cefdinir powder suspension. The cefdinir in CSDs was amorphous form, as confirmed in the DSC and p-XRD measurements. The developed CSDs commonly resulted in about 9.0-fold higher solubility of cefdinir and a significantly improved dissolution profile in water and at pH 1.2, compared with cefdinir crystalline powder. Importantly, the in vivo oral absorption (represented as AUCinf) was markedly increased by 4.30-, 6.77- and 3.01-fold for CSD1, CSD2, and CSD3, respectively, compared with cefdinir suspension in rats. The CSD2 prepared with CMC-Na would provide a promising vehicle to enhance dissolution and bioavailability of cefdinir in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Jun-Pil Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Ji-Ye Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoei-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Kwan Hyung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
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26
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Alom NE, Wu F, Li W. One-Pot Strategy for Thiazoline Synthesis from Alkenes and Thioamides. Org Lett 2017; 19:930-933. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur-E Alom
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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27
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Roslan II, Ng KH, Chuah GK, Jaenicke S. Synthesis of 5-Phenylthiazolamines by Using Thiourea as an α-Bromination Shuttle. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irwan Iskandar Roslan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Kian-Hong Ng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Gaik-Khuan Chuah
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Stephan Jaenicke
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
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28
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Zhao X, Jiang Z, Yang F, Wang Y, Gao X, Wang Y, Chai X, Pan G, Zhu Y. Sensitive and Simplified Detection of Antibiotic Influence on the Dynamic and Versatile Changes of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167032. [PMID: 27907030 PMCID: PMC5132400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by anaerobic fermentation of mainly indigestible dietary carbohydrates by gut microbiota, have a profound influence on intestinal function and host energy metabolism. Antibiotics may seriously disturb the balance of fecal SCFAs. To evaluate the impacts of antibiotics on fecal SCFAs produced by gut microbiota, a simple, reproducible and accurate gas chromatography (GC) method, which can simultaneously analyze seven SCFAs in fecal samples, was developed and validated. The ranges of detection and quantitation of the SCFAs reached 0.0868 ~ 0.393 and 0.261 ~ 1.18 μg·mL-1 respectively, in an optimized protocol for SCFAs extraction and analysis that used 10 mL 75% ethanol aqueous solution containing 1% HCl, without ultrasonication. The technique exhibited excellent intra-day (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 2.54%) and inter-day (RSD ≤ 4.33%) precisions for all the SCFAs. Later, we administered broad-spectrum antibiotics, cefdinir or azithromycin to rats and analyzed the alterations in fecal SCFAs. The total amount, types and distribution of nearly all fecal SCFAs were significantly altered during the administration and even after withdrawal of the antibiotics in rats. The effects of cefdinir on the SCFAs were more pronounced than those of azithromycin. Our findings suggest SCFAs may serve as sensitive indicators to monitor the influences of antibiotics on SCFAs originated by intestinal bacteria. Our improved SCFAs analysis method is a potential platform for a standard clinical test of the effects of new antibiotics on SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzuo Jiang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (YFW); (YZ)
| | - Xin Chai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (YFW); (YZ)
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29
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Recent developments of 2-aminothiazoles in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 109:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Wu ZL, Fang YL, Tang YT, Xiao MW, Ye J, Li GX, Hu AX. Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of 5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(tert-butyl)-N-arylthiazol-2-amines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00234j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The strategy for designing target compounds as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. L. Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Y. L. Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Y. T. Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - M. W. Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - J. Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - G. X. Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - A. X. Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
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Sader HS, Jones RN. Cefdinir: an oral cephalosporin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections and skin and skin structure infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 5:29-43. [PMID: 17266451 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.5.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cefdinir is an oral third-generation cephalosporin (also known as an advanced-spectrum or generation cephem) with good in vitro activity against the pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections. The drug distributes very well in respiratory tract tissues and fluids, as well as skin blisters and ear fluids; its pharmacokinetic profile allows once- or twice-daily administration. Oral cefdinir 300 mg twice daily or 600 mg once daily in adults and adolescents, or 14 mg/kg/day in one or two daily doses in pediatric patients, administered for 5 or 10 days, has shown good clinical and bacteriological efficacy, at least equivalent to that of other oral agents in randomized controlled trials conducted in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, pharyngitis and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections. Cefdinir is well tolerated and the oral suspension has shown superior taste or palatability over other comparator oral antimicrobial agents. Thus, cefdinir continues to represent an important cephalosporin option for the treatment of adult, adolescent and pediatric patients with mild or moderate respiratory tract or cutaneous infections, especially in areas with elevated rates of beta-lactamase production in Haemophilus influenzae and where resistance to other commonly used agents has emerged (e.g., macrolides, penicillins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio S Sader
- JMI Laboratories, 345 Beaver Kreek Centre, Suite A, North Liberty, Iowa 52317, USA.
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Bansal S, Aggarwal G, Chandel P, Harikumar SL. Design and development of cefdinir niosomes for oral delivery. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2013; 5:318-25. [PMID: 24302841 PMCID: PMC3831746 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to develop nonionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) to improve poor and variable oral bioavailability of cefdinir. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cefdinir niosomes were formulated by sonication method using varying concentration of surfactant (span 60), with and without soya lecithin, but the cholesterol ratio was kept constant in all the formulations. The influence of formulation variables such as surfactant concentration, soya lecithin presence or absence were optimized for size and entrapment efficiency. Drug excipient interaction studies were performed using FTIR, indicating compatibility of excipients with drug. RESULTS The highest entrapment efficiency (74.56%) was observed when span 60, cefdinir, cholesterol and soya lecithin were used in the ratio of 5:1:1:1. The zeta sizer of the niosomal formulations showed the size range between 190 nm-1140 nm. The photomicrography showed round shape of vesicles and further nano size of niosomes was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The optimized niosomal formulations (F11 and F6) exhibited sustained in-vitro release of 94.91% and 94.07% respectively upto 12 h. The ex-vivo permeation studies of optimized formulation revealed that the niosomal dispersion improved cefdinir permeability across goat intestinal membrane as compared to plain drug solution and marketed suspension (Adcef®). Antimicrobial activity studies revealed that the niosomes potentiated bacteriostatic activity of cefdinir as compared to Adcef®. CONCLUSION The niosomal formulation could be one of the promising delivery system for cefdinir with improved oral bioavailability and controlled drug release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rayat and Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Sahauran, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Guo B, Zhong S, Li N, Li X, Yi J, Jin M. Dissolution enhancement of cefdinir with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 39:1638-43. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.728231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hamrapurkar P, Patil P, Phale M, Gandhi M, Pawar S. A developed and validated stability-indicating reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of cefdinir in the presence of its degradation products as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Pharm Methods 2013; 2:15-20. [PMID: 23781424 PMCID: PMC3658036 DOI: 10.4103/2229-4708.81085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article deals with the development and validation of a stability-indicating, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method, for the determination of cefdinir on a Waters RP Spherisorb C-18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). A mobile phase consisting of water (pH adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid) : acetonitrile : methanol 13:5:2 (v/v/v) was used. The flow rate was 1 mL min-1. The separation was performed at room temperature. Detection was carried out at 286 nm, using a PDA detector. The developed method was statistically validated for the linearity, accuracy, specificity, Limit of Detection (LOD), and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ). The specificity of the method was ascertained by forced degradation studies, by acid and alkali degradation, oxidation, photolysis, and heat degradation. The degraded products were well-separated from the analyte, with significant differences in their retention time values. The Beer Law was obeyed over a concentration range of 0.05 – 15.00 μg mL-1 and the correlation coefficient was 0.999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Hamrapurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Principal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, Colaba, Mumbai, India
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Jin HE, Kim IB, Kim CK, Maeng HJ. Determination of cefdinir levels in rat plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of cefdinir. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1423-30. [PMID: 23712418 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of cefdinir in rat plasma and urine. Following a simple protein precipitation using methanol, chromatographic separation was achieved with a run time of 10 min using a Synergi 4 µ polar-RP 80A column (150 × 2.0 mm, 4 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol (65:35, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The protonated precursor and product ion transitions for cefdinir (m/z 396.1 → 227.2) and cefadroxil, an internal standard (m/z 364.2 → 208.0) were monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring in positive ion mode. The calibration curves for plasma and urine were linear over the concentration range 10-10,000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL. All accuracy values were between 95.1 and 113.0% and the intra- and inter-day precisions were <13.0% relative standard deviation. The stability under various conditions in rat plasma and urine was also found to be acceptable at three concentrations. The developed method was applied successfully to the pharmacokinetic study of cefdinir after oral and intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Development and validation of a rapid HPLC method for the determination of cefdinir in beagle dog plasma integrated with an automatic on-line solid-phase extraction following protein precipitation in the 96-well plate format. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 895-896:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Simultaneous determination of cefdinir and cefixime in human plasma by RP-HPLC/UV detection method: Method development, optimization, validation, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2423-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR, Ley SV, Nikbin N. An overview of the key routes to the best selling 5-membered ring heterocyclic pharmaceuticals. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:442-95. [PMID: 21647262 PMCID: PMC3107522 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview on selected synthetic routes towards commercial drug compounds as published in both journal and patent literature. Owing to the vast number of potential structures, we have concentrated only on those drugs containing five-membered heterocycles and focused principally on the assembly of the heterocyclic core. In order to target the most representative chemical entities the examples discussed have been selected from the top 200 best selling drugs of recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK
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Ramalingam M, Sethuraman V, Sundaraganesan N. Molecular structure, vibrational spectroscopic, first order hyperpolarizability and HOMO-LUMO studies of 7-amino-8-oxo-3-vinyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:660-669. [PMID: 21190894 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 7-amino-8-oxo-3-vinyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (7AVCA) were recorded in the region 4000-400 cm(-1) and 3500-10 cm(-1), respectively. Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometrical structure and vibrational wavenumbers were carried out by ab initio HF and density functional theoretical methods invoking 6-311G(d,p) basis set. The differences between the observed and scaled wavenumber values of most of the fundamentals are very small. The electric dipole moment (μ) and the first order hyperpolarizability (β0) values have been computed quantum mechanically. The calculated results show that 7AVCA may have microscopic nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior with non-zero values. A detailed interpretation of the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 7AVCA is reported. The theoretical IR and Raman spectra of 7AVCA have also been constructed. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that the charge transfer occurs within the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramalingam
- CRD, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur 613403, India.
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Lode H. Safety and tolerability of commonly prescribed oral antibiotics for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Am J Med 2010; 123:S26-38. [PMID: 20350633 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that adverse events (AEs) associated with the use of antimicrobial drugs are a major safety concern, with antibiotics implicated in a significant proportion (approximately 20%) of all drug-related emergency department visits in the United States. Although most of these visits are attributable to allergic reactions (79%), certain commonly prescribed antibiotics are notable contributors to conditions that range in nature from gastrointestinal to neurologic and/or psychiatric--particularly after ED visits are adjusted per outpatient prescription visits. This article reviews medically significant AEs of agents included in the major antimicrobial classes--AEs that may be underappreciated by general practitioners. Considerable attention is devoted to the fluoroquinolone agents. Also discussed are the assessment procedures of regulatory agencies in Europe and the United States that are in place to evaluate antimicrobial safety more accurately. Offsetting potential risks and benefits associated with currently available antimicrobials in a climate in which new agents are desperately needed to combat continually evolving multiresistant pathogens remains an interesting dilemma in antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Lode
- City Hospital Berlin-Zehlendorf, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Oral and parenteral therapeutic options for outpatient urinary infections caused by enterobacteriaceae producing CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1278-80. [PMID: 19124661 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01519-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective therapeutic options are needed for community-onset urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli strains that produce CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. We examined 46 urinary isolates producing CTX-M against several oral or long-acting parenteral antimicrobial agents. Approximately 90% were susceptible to fosfomycin and to a combination of cefdinir plus amoxicillin-clavulanate. All were susceptible to ertapenem.
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Abstract
Tonsillopharyngitis is very common in children, with Group A Streptococci being the most common bacterial etiology. Effective antibacterial treatment is imperative due to risk of rheumatic fever. Cephalosporins have been used successfully for the treatment of Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcal (GABHS) tonsillopharyngitis. Cefprozil is a novel broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin. Cefprozil is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with high bioavailability. The excellent penetration of cefprozil into tonsillar and adenoidal tissue corresponds well with the clinical outcome. The drug provides excellent coverage against both gram-negative and -positive bacteria that may cause pharyngitis/tonsillitis. The beta-lactamase stability of cefprozil appears to exceed that of other oral cephalosporins for important gram negative pathogens. In clinical trials, cefprozil appears to be at least as effective as commonly used comparison agents such as cefaclor and cefixime. Additionally, cefprozil is better tolerated than the latter, especially with regard to gastrointestinal adverse effects. Thus cefprozil can be considered a safe and reliable drug for the treatment of Streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nameet Jerath
- Pediatric Intensivist, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Anzueto A, Bishai WR, Pottumarthy S. Role of oral extended-spectrum cephems in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 57:31S-38S. [PMID: 17349461 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Risk stratification is the recommended approach for treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) to optimize the chances of clinical success. The suggested oral therapy for "simple or uncomplicated" AECB, which is predominantly a result of infection due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, includes advanced macrolides and 2nd- or 3rd-generation cephalosporins, in addition to the older 1st-line agents (aminopenicillins, doxycycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin). In light of increasing resistance of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae to the older agents, the specific directed structural modification of the cephalosporin nucleus resulted in the development of extended-spectrum 3rd-generation oral cephems with enhanced beta-lactamase stability and improved activity against Gram-positive pathogens (penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae and oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus). Analysis of results of double-blind randomized clinical trials assessing efficacy of the extended-spectrum oral cephems published since 2000 demonstrates that both cefdinir and cefditoren have similar point estimates of success in comparison to their comparators (cefuroxime, cefprozil, or Locarbacef), when either the clinical cure or the bacteriologic response was analyzed. Thus, oral extended-spectrum 3rd-generation cephems, which retain antimicrobial efficacy against the traditional respiratory pathogens despite changing resistance patterns, offer excellent coverage against the key pathogens involved in simple or uncomplicated AECB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Anzueto
- University of Texas Health Science Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78284, USA
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Abstract
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is a common infection resulting in substantial morbidity. Cefdinir, an oral cephalosporin, has extended-spectrum, bactericidal activity against common acute bacterial rhinosinusitis pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Cefdinir shows rapid oral absorption and good respiratory tissue penetration, and may be administered once daily. In randomised clinical trials, cefdinir showed efficacy similar to that of other recommended regimens in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, namely amoxicillin/clavulanate and levofloxacin. Cefdinir is well tolerated and has shown a low propensity to suppress the normal commensal flora. Cefdinir oral suspension is rated highly by children in terms of its taste and smell. As the only once-daily beta-lactam currently recommended by acute bacterial rhinosinusitis guidelines (for first-line use in patients with mild acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and no recent antibacterial use), cefdinir offers a convenient and attractive treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hadley
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus remains one of the most common and troublesome of bacteria causing disease in humans, despite the development of effective antibacterials and improvement in hygiene. The organism is responsible for over 70% of all skin and soft tissue infections in children and accounts for up to one-fifth of all visits to pediatric clinics. Skin and soft tissue infections that are predominantly caused by S. aureus include bullous and non-bullous impetigo, folliculitis, furunculosis, carbunculosis, cellulitis, surgical and traumatic wound infections, mastitis, and neonatal omphalitis. Other skin and soft tissue infections may also be caused by S. aureus but are often polymicrobial in origin and require special consideration. These include burns, decubitus ulcers (particularly in the perianal region), puncture wounds of the foot, as well as human and mammalian bites. Treatment of staphylococcal skin infections varies from topical antiseptics to prolonged intravenous antibacterials, depending on severity of the lesions and the health of the child. The treatment of choice for oral antibacterials remains the penicillinase-resistant penicillins such as flucloxacillin. Cefalexin and erythromycin are suitable cost-effective alternatives with broader cover, although care must be taken with the use of macrolides because of development of resistance to multiple families of antibacterials, particularly the lincosamides. Other cephalosporins such as cefadroxil and cefprozil are also effective, can be given once daily and have a better tolerability profile -- while azithromycin has a further advantage of a 3-day course. However, all of these agents are more expensive. Although the antibacterials have been given for 10 days in most clinical trials, there is no evidence that this duration is more effective than a 7-day course. In children requiring intravenous therapy, ceftriaxone has a major advantage over other antibacterials such as sulbactam/ampicillin and cefuroxime in that it can be given once daily and may, therefore, be suitable for outpatient treatment of moderate-to-severe skin infections. Newer-generation cephalosporins and loracarbef are also effective and have a broader spectrum of activity, but do not offer any added benefit and are significantly more expensive. Skin and soft tissue infections due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are still relatively uncommon in children. Well children with community-acquired MRSA infections can be treated with clindamycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole), but must be observed closely for potentially severe adverse effects. In severe infections, vancomycin remains the treatment of choice, while intravenous teicoplanin and clindamycin are suitable alternatives. Linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin are currently showing great promise for the treatment of multi-resistant Gram-positive infections. While the choice of antibacterial is important, supportive management, including removal of any infected foreign bodies, surgical drainage of walled-off lesions, and regular wound cleaning, play a vital role in ensuring cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamez Ladhani
- Department of Paediatrics, Newham General Hospital, London, UK.
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Bonsu BK, Shuler L, Sawicki L, Dorst P, Cohen DM. Susceptibility of recent bacterial isolates to cefdinir and selected antibiotics among children with urinary tract infections. Acad Emerg Med 2006; 13:76-81. [PMID: 16365328 DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2005.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cefdinir, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin administered orally, is approved by the U.S. Federal Drug Administration for treatment of skin and respiratory tract infections. During the last two years at the authors' institution, this agent has been used as an off-label treatment for urinary tract infections in children. OBJECTIVES To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility testing data in children to determine whether there is support for this prescribing practice. METHODS In this retrospective study (2003-2004), the authors compared the susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens to cefdinir and selected antibiotics in children who were evaluated for urinary tract infections in an urban tertiary academic pediatric emergency department. Pathogens (community acquired vs. opportunistic or nosocomial) were categorized as susceptible, indeterminate, or resistant on the basis of antibiotic susceptibility breakpoints. The frequency of these categorizations for individual drugs was determined. RESULTS Seven hundred five isolates were recovered from urine during the study period. Pathogens isolated most frequently were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Proteus spp. Of 431 isolates retained in the data set, 412 (95.6%) were susceptible to cefdinir. This rate was comparable or superior to rates observed for other antibiotics: 49.4% for ampicillin, 84.9% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 88.4% for cefazolin, 93.3% for nitrofurantoin, 94.2% for ticarcillin-clavulanate potassium, 97.5% for gentamicin, and 97.7% for ceftriaxone. Cefdinir, however, had lower activity (64.7%) against 17 bacterial isolates categorized as opportunistic or nosocomial pathogens. CONCLUSIONS Cefdinir provides good coverage against common pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections in children and compares favorably with other oral and parenteral antibiotics that are used in the empiric treatment of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bema K Bonsu
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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Chatterjee A, Moland ES, Thomson KS. Cefdinir: An oral alternative to parenteral cephems. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 51:259-64. [PMID: 15808317 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cost savings are possible if oral cephems of equivalent efficacy can be substituted for parenteral cephems. An in vitro study was performed to compare the activity of cefdinir, cefoxitin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime against 243 clinical isolates of human pathogens. Activities were determined by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards microbroth dilution methodology using an inoculum of approximately 5 x 10(5) CFU/mL. Cefdinir was the single or equally most potent agent against Streptococcus pyogenes, penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that produced a variety of beta-lactamase types. Cefdinir was less potent than ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime against Haemophilus influenzae, but was 2- to 8-fold more potent than cefoxitin and 8- to 32-fold more potent than cefazolin. Cefdinir was slightly less potent than ceftazidime, against beta-lactamase-positive Moraxella catarrhalis. These data support clinical consideration of cefdinir as an alternative to parenteral cephems in infections where adequate tissue levels can be safely assured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chatterjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
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Sader HS, Biedenbach DJ, Streit JM, Jones RN. Cefdinir activity against contemporary North American isolates from community-acquired urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 25:89-92. [PMID: 15620832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cefdinir is an oral cephalosporin approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1997 for the treatment of community-acquired (CA) respiratory tract and uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of cefdinir against recent clinical isolates collected from CA-urinary tract infections (UTIs), a possible expanded indication. A total of 456 isolates from CA-UTI were collected from medical centres in North America (NA; United States and Canada) in 2003 and susceptibility tested by NCCLS reference broth microdilution methods. Cefdinir and cefpodoxime were the most active compounds tested against Escherichia coli (98.7% susceptibility), followed by nitrofurantoin (97.0%) and ciprofloxacin (95.0%). Cefdinir was 8- to 16-fold more potent than cefuroxime axetil and cefprozil against E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The activity of cefdinir was most similar to that of cefpodoxime against E. coli and Klebsiella spp., but cefpodoxime showed inferior activity against S. saprophyticus. The cefdinir spectrum was significant superior (+3.8 to 16.5%) to that of trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole against all pathogens evaluated. The cefdinir spectrum and potency were comparable or superior to other orally administered beta-lactams tested against recent (2003) clinical isolates from CA-UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio S Sader
- The Jones Group/JMI Laboratories, Inc., 345 Beaver Kreek Centre, Suite A, North Liberty, IA 52317, USA.
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Abstract
Cefdinir (Omnicef) is an oral third-generation cephalosporin with good in vitro activity against many pathogens commonly causative in community-acquired infections. The drug provides good coverage against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common respiratory tract pathogens. Cefdinir is stable to hydrolysis by commonly occurring plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases and retains good activity against beta-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. The drug distributes into various tissues (e.g. sinus and tonsil) and fluids (e.g. middle ear), and has a pharmacokinetic profile that allows for once- or twice-daily administration.Cefdinir, administered for 5 or 10 days, has shown good clinical and bacteriological efficacy in the treatment of a wide range of mild-to-moderate infections of the respiratory tract and skin in adults, adolescents and paediatric patients in randomised, controlled trials. In adults and adolescents, cefdinir is an effective treatment for both lower (acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis [ABECB], community-acquired pneumonia) and upper (acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, streptococcal pharyngitis) respiratory tract infections, and uncomplicated skin infections. Its bacteriological and clinical efficacy in patients with lower respiratory tract infections was equivalent to that of comparator agents (cefprozil [bacteriological only], loracarbef, cefuroxime axetil and cefaclor). In one trial in patients with ABECB, cefdinir produced a higher rate of clinical cure than cefprozil (95% CIs indicated nonequivalence). Cefdinir also produced good clinical and bacteriological responses equivalent to responses with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. In addition, it was at least as effective as penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) in streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis and as effective as cefalexin in uncomplicated skin infections. In paediatric patients aged > or =6 months, cefdinir showed similar efficacy to that of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or cefprozil in acute otitis media, and cefalexin in uncomplicated skin infections. Cefdinir given for 5 or 10 days was at least as effective as penicillin V for 10 days in patients with streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis. Cefdinir is usually well tolerated. Diarrhoea was the most common adverse event in trials in all age groups. Although the incidence of diarrhoea in cefdinir recipients was generally higher than in adults and adolescents treated with comparators, discontinuation rates due to adverse events were generally similar for cefdinir and comparator groups. In conclusion, cefdinir is a third-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity encompassing pathogens that are commonly causative in infections of the respiratory tract or skin and skin structure. Depending on the infection being treated, cefdinir can be administered as a convenient once- or twice-daily 5- or 10-day regimen. Clinical evidence indicates that cefdinir is an effective and generally well tolerated drug with superior taste over comparator antibacterial agents and is therefore a good option for the treatment of adults, adolescents and paediatric patients with specific mild-to-moderate respiratory tract or skin infections, particularly in areas where beta-lactamase-mediated resistance among common community-acquired pathogens is a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Perry
- Adis International Limited, 41 Centorian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland 1311, New Zealand.
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Niwa T, Shiraga T, Hashimoto T, Kagayama A. Effect of cefixime and cefdinir, oral cephalosporins, on cytochrome P450 activities in human hepatic microsomes. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:97-9. [PMID: 14709907 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two kinds of oral cephalosporins, cefixime and cefdinir, on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities in human hepatic microsomes were investigated. Both cefixime and cefdinir at 2 mM concentration neither inhibited nor stimulated CYP1A1/2-mediated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, CYP2A6-mediated coumarin 7-hydroxylation, CYP2B6-mediated 7-benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylation, CYP2C8/9-mediated tolbutamide methylhydroxylation, CYP2C19-mediated S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation, CYP2D6-mediated bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation, CYP2E1-mediated chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation, CYP3A4-mediated nifedipine oxidation, or CYP3A4-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation. The free fractions of cefixime and cefdinir in the incubation mixture, which were measured by ultracentrifugation, were 86.1-93.8% and 94.1-97.8%, respectively. These results suggest that both cefixime and cefdinir would not cause clinically significant interactions with other drugs, which are metabolized by CYPs, via the inhibition of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Niwa
- Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-1-6 Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8514, Japan.
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