1
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Shen J, Zhao S, Peng M, Li Y, Zhang L, Li X, Hu Y, Wu M, Xiang S, Wu X, Liu J, Zhang B, Chen Z, Lin D, Liu H, Tang W, Chen J, Sun X, Liao Q, Hide G, Zhou Z, Lun ZR, Wu Z. Macrophage-mediated trogocytosis contributes to destroying human schistosomes in a non-susceptible rodent host, Microtus fortis. Cell Discov 2023; 9:101. [PMID: 37794085 PMCID: PMC10550985 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma parasites, causing schistosomiasis, exhibit typical host specificity in host preference. Many mammals, including humans, are susceptible to infection, while the widely distributed rodent, Microtus fortis, exhibits natural anti-schistosome characteristics. The mechanisms of host susceptibility remain poorly understood. Comparison of schistosome infection in M. fortis with the infection in laboratory mice (highly sensitive to infection) offers a good model system to investigate these mechanisms and to gain an insight into host specificity. In this study, we showed that large numbers of leukocytes attach to the surface of human schistosomes in M. fortis but not in mice. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that macrophages might be involved in the cell adhesion, and we further demonstrated that M. fortis macrophages could be mediated to attach and kill schistosomula with dependence on Complement component 3 (C3) and Complement receptor 3 (CR3). Importantly, we provided direct evidence that M. fortis macrophages could destroy schistosomula by trogocytosis, a previously undescribed mode for killing helminths. This process was regulated by Ca2+/NFAT signaling. These findings not only elucidate a novel anti-schistosome mechanism in M. fortis but also provide a better understanding of host parasite interactions, host specificity and the potential generation of novel strategies for schistosomiasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanguo Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Organ Transplantation Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyi Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingrou Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suoyu Xiang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Center for Precision Medicine and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Geoff Hide
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Shahar O, Pereman I, Khamisie H, Ezov N, Danay O, Khattib A, Schweitzer R, Khatib S, Mahajna J. Compounds originating from the edible mushroom Auricularia auricula-judae inhibit tropomyosin receptor kinase B activity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13756. [PMID: 36895384 PMCID: PMC9988514 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) serves as a pivotal factor in various cancers. To identify novel natural compounds with TrkB-inhibiting properties, a screening approach was applied using extracts from a collection of wild and cultivated mushroom fruiting bodies, and Ba/F3 cells that ectopically express TrkB (TPR-TrkB). We selected mushroom extracts that selectively inhibited proliferation of the TPR-TrkB cells. We then evaluated the ability of exogenous interleukin 3 to rescue growth inhibition by the selected TrkB-positive extracts. An ethyl acetate extract of Auricularia auricula-judae actively inhibited auto-phosphorylation of TrkB. LC-MS/MS analysis of this extract revealed substances that might be responsible for the observed activity. This screening approach demonstrates, for the first time, that extracts originating from the mushroom A. auricula-judae exhibit TrkB-inhibition properties that might hold therapeutic potential for TrkB-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orr Shahar
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Idan Pereman
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hazem Khamisie
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Nirit Ezov
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Ofer Danay
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Ali Khattib
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Ron Schweitzer
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Analytical Laboratory, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Analytical Laboratory, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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3
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Ahiadorme D, Ande C, Fernandez-Botran R, Crich D. Synthesis and evaluation of 1,5-dithialaminaribiose and -triose tetravalent constructs. Carbohydr Res 2023; 525:108781. [PMID: 36898263 PMCID: PMC10069760 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of novel tetravalent glucoclusters containing 1,5-dithia mimetics of laminaribiose and triose. The new constructs were evaluated for their ability to inhibit anti-CR3 fluorescent staining of human neutrophils, for which they showed moderate affinity. Evaluation of the synthesized glycoclusters for their ability to inhibit anti-Dectin-1 fluorescent staining of mouse macrophages revealed little to no affinity for Dectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Ahiadorme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, GA, 30602, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
| | - Chennaiah Ande
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
| | - Rafael Fernandez-Botran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, GA, 30602, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, United States; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
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4
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Eswar K, Mukherjee S, Ganesan P, Kumar Rengan A. Immunomodulatory Natural Polysaccharides: An Overview of the Mechanisms Involved. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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5
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Dong Y, Wang T, Zhao J, Gan B, Feng R, Miao R. Polysaccharides Derived from Mushrooms in Immune and Antitumor Activity: A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:1-17. [PMID: 37560886 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023049062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are full of nutrition and have beneficial properties for human health. Polysaccharides are the main component of edible and medicinal mushrooms, especially β-glucans, which have attracted much more attention for their complex structure and diverse biological activities. Among all the diverse medicinal activities of mushroom polysaccharides, antitumor and immune-enhancing activities are two excellent bioactivities that have much more potential and deserve application. Their bioactivities are highly dependent on their structural features, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, degree of branching, type and configuration of glycosidic bonds, substituent pattern, and chain conformation. This review summarizes the current method for obtaining polysaccharides from mushrooms, chemical characterizations of the structures and their roles in immune and antitumor activities. In addition, the methods for preparation of the polysaccharide derivatives and the potential medicinal clinical application are also discussed in this review, which may provide new guidance for mushroom polysaccharide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Physical Processing, International Joint Research Center for Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China; Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000 P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000, P.R. China
| | - Bingcheng Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000 P.R. China
| | - Rencai Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000, P.R. China
| | - Renyun Miao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000, P.R. China
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6
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Bhoite R, Satyavrat V, Premasudha Sadananda M. Clinical benefits of β-glucan supplementation in children: a review. DISCOVER FOOD 2022. [PMCID: PMC9793387 DOI: 10.1007/s44187-022-00038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMalnutrition is a global concern since it affects 130 million children under the age of 5 worldwide. The child’s immunity is brutally compromised, making them susceptible to various diseases and infections, leading to a high mortality rate. Multiple strategies have been implemented to strengthen immunity in children with compromised immunity, such as rendering a balanced diet, fortifying food, dietary supplements, and introducing potential natural dietary fibers to maintain good nutrition status, such as β-glucan. A class of biologically active polysaccharides, sourced from yeast, mushroom, bacteria, and cereals with versatile immunomodulatory benefits that potentially primes the host immune system, drives several metabolic health effects, increases infection resistance, shields against the damaging effects of stress, and maintains healthy energy levels. This review focuses on the capabilities, underlying mechanisms, immune-stimulating potency, and clinically meaningful shreds of evidence to substantiate the multiple health benefits of β-glucan in children. Although, more clinical studies are required, current findings confirms the various biological response modifying abilities of β-glucan that may notably aid in the development of a strong immune system in children for their overall health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Bhoite
- Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, India
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7
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The Effect of Novel Selenopolysaccharide Isolated from Lentinula edodes Mycelium on Human T Lymphocytes Activation, Proliferation, and Cytokines Synthesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121900. [PMID: 36551328 PMCID: PMC9776057 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides isolated from Lentinula edodes are bioactive compounds with immunomodulatory properties. In our previous studies from L. edodes mycelium, we have isolated a selenium(Se)-enriched fraction (named Se-Le-30), a mixture of linear 1,4-α-glucan and linear 1,3-β- and 1,6-β-glucans. In this study, we analyzed the effects of Se-Le-30 on the activation and proliferation of human T lymphocytes stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies (Abs) and on the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Se-Le-30 had effects on T cell proliferation induced by Abs against CD3 and CD28. It significantly inhibited the proliferation of CD3-stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and enhanced the proliferation of CD4+ T cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 Ab. Moreover, Se-Le-30 downregulated the number of CD3-stimulated CD4+CD69+ cells, CD4+CD25+ cells, as well as CD8+CD25+ cells, and upregulated the expression of CD25 marker on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activated with anti-CD3/CD28 Abs. Furthermore, Se-Le-30 enhanced the synthesis of IFN-γ by the unstimulated and anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs, inhibited synthesis of IL-2 and IL-4 by CD3-stimulated cells, and augmented the synthesis of IL-6 and IL-10 by unstimulated, CD3-stimulated, and CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs. Together, we demonstrated that Se-Le-30 exerts immunomodulatory effects on human T lymphocytes. These observations are of importance for the prospective use of Se-Le-30 in research or as a therapeutic compound.
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Hamidi M, Valentine Okoro O, Ianiri G, Jafari H, Rashidi K, Ghasemi S, Castoria R, Palmieri D, Delattre C, Pierre G, Mirzaei M, Nie L, Samadian H, Shavandi A. Exopolysaccharide from the yeast Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV for skin wound healing. J Adv Res 2022; 46:61-74. [PMID: 35760297 PMCID: PMC10105244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are high-value functional biomaterials mainly produced by bacteria and fungi, with nutraceutical, therapeutic and industrial potentials. OBJECTIVES This study sought to characterize and assess the biological properties of the EPS produced by the yeast Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV. METHODS After extracting the yeast's DNA and its molecular identification, the EPS from P. terrestris PT22AV strain was extracted and its physicochemical properties (structural, morphological, monosaccharide composition and molecular weight) were characterized. The EPS's in vitro biological activities and in vivo wound healing potential were also evaluated. RESULTS The obtained EPS was water-soluble and revealed an average molecular weight (Mw) of 202 kDa. Mannose and glucose with 97% and 3% molar percentages, respectively, constituted the EPS. In vitro antibacterial activity analysis of the extracted EPS exhibited antibacterial activity (>80%) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. The EPS showed cytocompatibility against the human fibroblast and macrophage cell lines and the animal studies showed a dose-dependent wound healing capacity of the EPS with higher wound closure at 10 mg/mL compared to negative and positive control after 14 days. CONCLUSION The EPS from P. terrestris PT22AV could serve as a promising source of biocompatible macromolecules with potential for skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hamidi
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles-BioMatter unit, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles-BioMatter unit, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Hafez Jafari
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles-BioMatter unit, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Khodabakhsh Rashidi
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Raffaello Castoria
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Davide Palmieri
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mahta Mirzaei
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles-BioMatter unit, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles-BioMatter unit, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Rastall RA, Diez-Municio M, Forssten SD, Hamaker B, Meynier A, Moreno FJ, Respondek F, Stah B, Venema K, Wiese M. Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:95-168. [PMID: 35729770 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Together with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients in the human diet. Digestible carbohydrates, such as starch, starch-based products, sucrose, lactose, glucose and some sugar alcohols and unusual (and fairly rare) α-linked glucans, directly provide us with energy while other carbohydrates including high molecular weight polysaccharides, mainly from plant cell walls, provide us with dietary fibre. Carbohydrates which are efficiently digested in the small intestine are not available in appreciable quantities to act as substrates for gut bacteria. Some oligo- and polysaccharides, many of which are also dietary fibres, are resistant to digestion in the small intestines and enter the colon where they provide substrates for the complex bacterial ecosystem that resides there. This review will focus on these non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) and examine their impact on the gut microbiota and their physiological impact. Of particular focus will be the potential of non-digestible carbohydrates to act as prebiotics, but the review will also evaluate direct effects of NDC on human cells and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - M Diez-Municio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S D Forssten
- IFF Health & Biosciences, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - B Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2009, USA
| | - A Meynier
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez France R&D SAS, 6 rue René Razel, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Respondek
- Tereos, Zoning Industriel Portuaire, 67390 Marckolsheim, France
| | - B Stah
- Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - M Wiese
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, the Netherlands
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10
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Hamidi M, Okoro OV, Milan PB, Khalili MR, Samadian H, Nie L, Shavandi A. Fungal exopolysaccharides: Properties, sources, modifications, and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Iliev DB, Strandskog G, Sobhkhez M, Bruun JA, Jørgensen JB. Secretome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Head Kidney Leukocytes Highlights the Role of Phagocytes in the Immune Response to Soluble β-Glucan. Front Immunol 2021; 12:736964. [PMID: 34917074 PMCID: PMC8671040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
β‐Glucans (BG) are glucose polymers which are produced in bacteria and fungi but not in vertebrate organisms. Being recognized by phagocytic leukocytes including macrophages and neutrophils through receptors such as dectin-1 and Complement receptor 3 (CR3), the BG are perceived by the innate immune system of vertebrates as foreign substances known as Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). The yeast-derived BG has been recognized for its potent biological activity and it is used as an immunomodulator in human and veterinary medicine. The goal of the current study was to characterize the immunostimulatory activity of soluble yeast BG in primary cultures of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) in which phagocytic cell types including neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes predominate. The effect of BG on the secretome of HKL cultures, including secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble protein55s was characterized through western blotting and mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that, along with upregulation of proinflammatory genes, BG induces secretion of ubiquitinated proteins (UbP), MHCII-containing EVs from professional antigen presenting cells as well as proteins derived from granules of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Among the most abundant proteins identified in BG-induced EVs were beta-2 integrin subunits, including CD18 and CD11 homologs, which highlights the role of salmon granulocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in the response to soluble BG. Overall, the current work advances the knowledge about the immunostimulatory activity of yeast BG on the salmon immune system by shedding light on the effect of this PAMP on the secretome of salmon leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar B Iliev
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology 'Roumen Tsanev', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Guro Strandskog
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mehrdad Sobhkhez
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack A Bruun
- Department of Medical Biology, Proteomics Platform, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Biological Effects of β-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071982. [PMID: 33915775 PMCID: PMC8036280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the anti-tumor and anti-infective properties of β-glucans have been well-discussed, their role in bone metabolism has not been reviewed so far. This review discusses the biological effects of β-glucans on bone metabolisms, especially on bone-resorbing osteoclasts, which are differentiated from hematopoietic precursors. Multiple immunoreceptors that can recognize β-glucans were reported to be expressed in osteoclast precursors. Coordinated co-stimulatory signals mediated by these immunoreceptors are important for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling. Curdlan from the bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation in vitro by affecting both the osteoclast precursors and osteoclast-supporting cells. We also showed that laminarin, lichenan, and glucan from baker’s yeast, as well as β-1,3-glucan from Euglema gracilisas, inhibit the osteoclast formation in bone marrow cells. Consistent with these findings, systemic and local administration of β-glucan derived from Aureobasidium pullulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppressed bone resorption in vivo. However, zymosan derived from S. cerevisiae stimulated the bone resorption activity and is widely used to induce arthritis in animal models. Additional research concerning the relationship between the molecular structure of β-glucan and its effect on osteoclastic bone resorption will be beneficial for the development of novel treatment strategies for bone-related diseases.
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13
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Duner P, Salehi A. COVID-19 and Possible Pharmacological Preventive Options. J Clin Med Res 2021; 12:758-772. [PMID: 33447309 PMCID: PMC7781281 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dreadful fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with the deadly consequences, requires rapid development of pharmacological cures. The objective of this review is to speculate about possible pharmacological options, already available today to prevent or treat the COVID-19 in the early stage of its outbreak. A literature search across PubMed and internet was conducted. A number of studies dealing with COVID-19 were identified. The data elucidated that increased pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines in combination with hypoxia, thromboembolism and pneumonia are involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although many drugs has been tested in monotherapy regimen with varying outcome or without desirable effect, there is still hope for better results by simultaneously targeting the virus itself and its symptoms. Theoretically, a mixture of at least two available antiviral drugs in combination with other anti-pathogenic and immune system-enhancing drugs or combination of antiviral drugs with convalescent plasma seems likely to have much better effect than the monotherapy regimen of either of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Duner
- Department of Clinical Science, SUS, Experimental Cardiovascular research, University of Lund, Sweden
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Islet Cell Physiology, University of Lund, Sweden
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14
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İSPİROĞLU M, KANTARÇEKEN B, ÇIRALIK H, BULBULOGLU E. Ratlarda Deneysel Olarak Oluşturulan Kolit Modelinde N-Asetil Sistein ve Beta-Glukanın Etkileri. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.817235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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15
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Han B, Baruah K, Cox E, Vanrompay D, Bossier P. Structure-Functional Activity Relationship of β-Glucans From the Perspective of Immunomodulation: A Mini-Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:658. [PMID: 32391005 PMCID: PMC7188827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans are a heterogeneous group of glucose polymers with a common structure comprising a main chain of β-(1,3) and/or β-(1,4)-glucopyranosyl units, along with side chains with various branches and lengths. β-Glucans initiate immune responses via immune cells, which become activated by the binding of the polymer to specific receptors. However, β-glucans from different sources also differ in their structure, conformation, physical properties, binding affinity to receptors, and thus biological functions. The mechanisms behind this are not fully understood. This mini-review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date commentary on the relationship between β-glucans' structure and function in relation to their use for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Han
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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16
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Efficacy of Pleuran ( β-Glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) in the Management of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8562309. [PMID: 32419831 PMCID: PMC7201855 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8562309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the highly prevalent viral pathogens among children and adults causing infection, clinically presenting as herpes labialis, is herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The long-term administration of acyclovir, a standard regimen for therapy against HSV-1 infections, can cause viral resistance against this drug. Therefore, the development of natural drugs with low toxicity that are able to enhance host antiviral defense against HSV infection is needed. β-Glucans represent a type of biologically active molecules possessing antiviral properties. The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical and immunomodulatory effect of β-glucan pleuran (insoluble β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus) based supplements on the duration and intensity of herpes symptoms and on the incidence rate and duration of acute respiratory symptoms and intercurrent diseases in HSV-1 positive patients. Ninety patients were randomised into active and placebo groups. Active treatment with pleuran in systemic application caused a significantly shorter duration of herpes simplex symptoms compared to the placebo group. During the preventive phase (120 days), the duration and severity of respiratory symptoms were lower in the active group compared to the placebo group; however, a significant difference was found only in the case of cough. No significant side effects were observed during both phases of the clinical trial (acute and preventive). Obtained results suggest that the use of pleuran seems to be a promising approach in the treatment of acute HSV-1 with beneficial effect on the respiratory tract symptoms and infections.
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17
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Chaichian S, Moazzami B, Sadoughi F, Haddad Kashani H, Zaroudi M, Asemi Z. Functional activities of beta-glucans in the prevention or treatment of cervical cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020. [PMID: 32138756 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth-ranked cancer in the world and is associated with a large number of deaths annually. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are known as the common therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cervical cancer, but because of their side effects and toxicity, researchers are trying to discovery alternative therapies. Beta-glucans, a group of glucose polymers that are derived from the cell wall of fungi, bacteria, and etc. it has been showed that beta-glucans have some anti-cancer properties which due to their impacts on adaptive and innate immunity. Along to these impacts, these molecules could be used as drug carriers. In this regard, the application of beta-glucans is a promising therapeutic option for the cancer prevention and treatment especially for cervical cancer. Herein, we have summarized the therapeutic potential of beta-glucans alone or as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer. Moreover, we highlighted beta-glucans as drug carriers for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Marsa Zaroudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
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18
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Chaichian S, Moazzami B, Sadoughi F, Haddad Kashani H, Zaroudi M, Asemi Z. Functional activities of beta-glucans in the prevention or treatment of cervical cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:24. [PMID: 32138756 PMCID: PMC7057557 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth-ranked cancer in the world and is associated with a large number of deaths annually. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are known as the common therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cervical cancer, but because of their side effects and toxicity, researchers are trying to discovery alternative therapies. Beta-glucans, a group of glucose polymers that are derived from the cell wall of fungi, bacteria, and etc. it has been showed that beta-glucans have some anti-cancer properties which due to their impacts on adaptive and innate immunity. Along to these impacts, these molecules could be used as drug carriers. In this regard, the application of beta-glucans is a promising therapeutic option for the cancer prevention and treatment especially for cervical cancer. Herein, we have summarized the therapeutic potential of beta-glucans alone or as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer. Moreover, we highlighted beta-glucans as drug carriers for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Marsa Zaroudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
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19
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Gold(I)-promoted synthesis of a β-(1,3)-glucan hexadecasaccharide via the highly convergent strategy. Carbohydr Res 2019; 482:107735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Wen P, Větvička V, Crich D. Synthesis and Evaluation of Oligomeric Thioether-Linked Carbacyclic β-(1→3)-Glucan Mimetics. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5554-5563. [PMID: 30933504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extrapolating from lessons learnt with previous low-molecular-weight β-(1→3)-glucan mimetics, we designed a series of minimal 2,4-dideoxy-thioether-linked carbacyclic β-(1→3)-glucan mimetics and synthesized di-, tri-, and tetramers in an enantiomerically pure form by an iterative sequence based on a simple building block readily available from commercial ( S)-(-)-3-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid. These substances were screened for their ability to inhibit anti-CR3-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) staining of human neutrophils and anti-Dectin-1-FITC staining of mouse macrophages as well as for their ability to stimulate phagocytosis and pinocytosis. In each assay, the synthetic compounds displayed comparable activity to the corresponding native β-(1→3)-glucans, laminaritriose, and tetraose, suggesting that the exploitation of hydrophobic patches in the lectin-binding domains of CR3 and Dectin-1 is a promising strategy for the development of small-molecule analogues of β-(1→3)-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Václav Větvička
- Department of Pathology , University of Louisville , 323 East Chestnut Street , Louisville , Kentucky 40202 , United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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21
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Beta Glucan: Supplement or Drug? From Laboratory to Clinical Trials. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071251. [PMID: 30935016 PMCID: PMC6479769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucans are part of a group of biologically active natural molecules and are steadily gaining strong attention not only as an important food supplement, but also as an immunostimulant and potential drug. This paper represents an up-to-date review of glucans (β-1,3-glucans) and their role in various immune reactions and the treatment of cancer. With more than 80 clinical trials evaluating their biological effects, the question is not if glucans will move from food supplement to widely accepted drug, but how soon.
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22
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Liao X, Větvička V, Crich D. Synthesis and Evaluation of 1,5-Dithia-d-laminaribiose, Triose, and Tetraose as Truncated β-(1→3)-Glucan Mimetics. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14894-14904. [PMID: 30456952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of a series of di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharide analogues of β-(1→3)-glucans is described in which each pyranoside ring is replaced by a 5-thiopyranosyl ring and each glycosidic oxygen by a thioether. These oligomeric 1,5-dithio-d-glucopyranose derivatives were shown to inhibit the staining of human neutrophils and of mouse macrophages by fluorescent anti-CR3 and anti-Dectin-1 antibodies, respectively. The compounds were also demonstrated to stimulate phagocytosis and pinocytosis indicative of binding to the carbohydrate binding domains of complement receptor 3 (CR3) and Dectin-1. Activity in all three assays was optimum at the level of the trisaccharide mimic, suggesting that, while the replacement of ethereal oxygens by thioethers results in a greater affinity for the aromatic lined hydrophobic binding pockets, the presence of multiple longer C-S bonds eventually results in a mismatch and a loss of affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liao
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Václav Větvička
- Department of Pathology , University of Louisville , 323 East Chestnut Street , Louisville , Kentucky 40202 , United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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23
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Jayachandran M, Chen J, Chung SSM, Xu B. A critical review on the impacts of β-glucans on gut microbiota and human health. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Volpato H, Scariot DB, Soares EFP, Jacomini AP, Rosa FA, Sarragiotto MH, Ueda-Nakamura T, Rubira AF, Pereira GM, Manadas R, Leitão AJ, Borges O, Nakamura CV, Sousa MDC. In vitro anti-Leishmania activity of T6 synthetic compound encapsulated in yeast-derived β-(1,3)-d-glucan particles. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1264-1275. [PMID: 30096400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to encapsulate a synthetic compound, the 4-[(2E)-N'-(2,2'-bithienyl-5-methylene)hydra-zinecarbonyl]-6,7-dihydro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-7-one (T6) in glucan-rich particles mainly composed by the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GPs) and to study their individual and combined activity on Leishmania infantum. The possible mechanism of action of T6 was also investigated. Our results showed the activity of T6 compound in both promastigote (IC50 = 2.5 μg/mL) and intracellular amastigote (IC50 = 1.23 μg/mL) forms. We also found activity against intracellular amastigote forms (IC50 = 8.20 μg/mL) when the T6 compound was encapsulated in GPs. Another interesting finding was the fact that T6 encapsulated in GPs showed a significant decrease in J774A1 macrophage toxicity (CC50 ≥ 18.53 μg/mL) compared to the T6 compound alone (IC50 = 2.27 μg/mL). Through electron microscopy and biochemical methodologies, we verified that the activity of T6 in promastigote forms of L. infantum was characterized by events of cell death by apoptosis like increased ROS production, cell shrinkage, phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation. We conclude that T6 can be considered a promising anti-Leishmania compound, and that the use of GPs for drug encapsulation is an interesting approach to the development of new effective and less toxic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélito Volpato
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Débora Botura Scariot
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edna Filipa Pais Soares
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andrey Petita Jacomini
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Andreia Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Adley Forti Rubira
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Rui Manadas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Alcino J Leitão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Olga Borges
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Maria do Céu Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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25
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Quintin J. Fungal mediated innate immune memory, what have we learned? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 89:71-77. [PMID: 29842944 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
Abstract
The binary classification of mammalian immune memory is now obsolete. Innate immune cells carry memory characteristics. The overall capacity of innate immune cells to remember and alter their responses is referred as innate immune memory and the induction of a non-specific memory resulting in an enhanced immune status is termed "trained immunity". Historically, trained immunity was first described as triggered by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Since, numerous studies have accumulated and deciphered the main characteristics of trained immunity mediated by fungi and fungal components. This review aims at presenting the newly described aspect of memory in innate immunity with an emphasis on the historically fungal mediated one, covering the known molecular mechanisms associated with training. In addition, the review uncovers the numerous non-specific effect that β-glucans trigger in the context of infectious diseases and septicaemia, inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Quintin
- Immunology of Fungal Infections, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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26
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Camilli G, Tabouret G, Quintin J. The Complexity of Fungal β-Glucan in Health and Disease: Effects on the Mononuclear Phagocyte System. Front Immunol 2018; 9:673. [PMID: 29755450 PMCID: PMC5932370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucan, the most abundant fungal cell wall polysaccharide, has gained much attention from the scientific community in the last few decades for its fascinating but not yet fully understood immunobiology. Study of this molecule has been motivated by its importance as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern upon fungal infection as well as by its promising clinical utility as biological response modifier for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Its immune effect is attributed to the ability to bind to different receptors expressed on the cell surface of phagocytic and cytotoxic innate immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells. The characteristics of the immune responses generated depend on the cell types and receptors involved. Size and biochemical composition of β-glucans isolated from different sources affect their immunomodulatory properties. The variety of studies using crude extracts of fungal cell wall rather than purified β-glucans renders data difficult to interpret. A better understanding of the mechanisms of purified fungal β-glucan recognition, downstream signaling pathways, and subsequent immune regulation activated, is, therefore, essential not only to develop new antifungal therapy but also to evaluate β-glucan as a putative anti-infective and antitumor mediator. Here, we briefly review the complexity of interactions between fungal β-glucans and mononuclear phagocytes during fungal infections. Furthermore, we discuss and present available studies suggesting how different fungal β-glucans exhibit antitumor and antimicrobial activities by modulating the biologic responses of mononuclear phagocytes, which make them potential candidates as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Camilli
- Immunology of Fungal Infections, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Jessica Quintin
- Immunology of Fungal Infections, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Zhang M, Kim JA, Huang AYC. Optimizing Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Immunotherapy: β-Glucan-Based Nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2018; 9:341. [PMID: 29535722 PMCID: PMC5834761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer treatment. Recent clinical success with immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and adoptive immune cellular therapies has generated excitement and new hopes for patients and investigators. However, clinically efficacious responses to cancer immunotherapy occur only in a minority of patients. One reason is the tumor microenvironment (TME), which potently inhibits the generation and delivery of optimal antitumor immune responses. As our understanding of TME continues to grow, strategies are being developed to change the TME toward one that augments the emergence of strong antitumor immunity. These strategies include eliminating tumor bulk to provoke the release of tumor antigens, using adjuvants to enhance antigen-presenting cell function, and employ agents that enhance immune cell effector activity. This article reviews the development of β-glucan and β-glucan-based nanoparticles as immune modulators of TME, as well as their potential benefit and future therapeutic applications. Cell-wall β-glucans from natural sources including plant, fungi, and bacteria are molecules that adopt pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) known to target specific receptors on immune cell subsets. Emerging data suggest that the TME can be actively manipulated by β-glucans and their related nanoparticles. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of conditioning TME using β-glucan and β-glucan-based nanoparticles, and how this strategy enables future design of optimal combination cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Julian A. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alex Yee-Chen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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NAKASHIMA A, YAMADA K, IWATA O, SUGIMOTO R, ATSUJI K, OGAWA T, ISHIBASHI-OHGO N, SUZUKI K. β-Glucan in Foods and Its Physiological Functions. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:8-17. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu F, Zhang X, Li Y, Chen Q, Liu F, Zhu X, Mei L, Song X, Liu X, Song Z, Zhang J, Zhang W, Ling P, Wang F. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Mytilus coruscus α-d-Glucan (MP-A) in Activated Macrophage Cells via TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK Pathway Inhibition. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090294. [PMID: 28930149 PMCID: PMC5618433 DOI: 10.3390/md15090294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) has been used as Chinese traditional medicine for thousands of years; however, to date the ingredients responsible for the various beneficial health outcomes attributed to Mytilus coruscus are still unclear. An α-d-Glucan, called MP-A, was isolated from Mytilus coruscus, and observed to exert anti-inflammatory activity in THP-1 human macrophage cells. Specifically, we showed that MP-A treatment inhibited the production of inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, NO, and PGE2, inducible NOS (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in LPS-activated THP-1 cells. It was also shown to enhance phagocytosis in the analyzed cells, but to severely inhibit the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65. Finally, MP-A was found to exhibit a high binding affinity for the cell surface receptor TLR4, but a low affinity for TLR2 and dectin-1, via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. The study indicates that MP-A suppresses LPS-induced TNF-α, NO and PEG2 production via TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway inhibition, and suggests that MP-A may be a promising therapeutic candidate for diseases associated with TNF-α, NO, and/or PEG2 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yuqiu Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Qixin Chen
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiqiang Zhu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Li Mei
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xinlei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Zhigang Song
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China. or
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. or
| | - Fengshan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Francioso A, Dinarelli S, Girasole M, Cervoni L, d’Erme M, Mura F, Boffi A, Montanari E, Mosca L. Behind Resveratrol Stabilization by Carboxymethylated (1,3/1,6)-β-d-Glucan: Does the Polyphenol Play a Role in Polymer Structural Organization? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18092006. [PMID: 32961650 PMCID: PMC5618655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18092006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol stability in solution can be improved by combining the polyphenol with carboxymethylated (1,3/1,6)-β-d-glucan (CM-glucan), a carbohydrate polymer widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The present work was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism behind this stabilizing effect. The supramolecular structural, physico-chemical and morphological features of the CM-glucan/resveratrol complex have been studied under different physical and chemical stimuli by means of spectroscopic techniques, microscopy and physical methods such as UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), spectrofluorimetry, Circular Dichroism (CD), Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Our experimental data indicate that CM-glucan conformational organized architecture in aqueous solution is enhanced in the presence of resveratrol, suggesting that the polyphenol is able to confer a high degree of order to the polymer by a probable cooperative structural organization that results in a long term stabilization for the polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (M.d’E.); (A.B.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-0923; Fax: +39-06-4440-062
| | - Simone Dinarelli
- ISM Institute of Material Structure, CNR National Research Council-Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Girasole
- ISM Institute of Material Structure, CNR National Research Council-Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Laura Cervoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (M.d’E.); (A.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria d’Erme
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (M.d’E.); (A.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesco Mura
- CNIS Research center for Nanotechnology Applications-Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Boffi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (M.d’E.); (A.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Elita Montanari
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (M.d’E.); (A.B.); (L.M.)
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Oh J, Hong JH, Park TY, Kim KJ, Jin SW, Ban SE, Koh YW, Jeong SW, Im SB, Seo KS. Chemical compositions of fermented Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg. root by Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler mycelials cultivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.14480/jm.2016.14.4.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mo L, Chen Y, Li W, Guo S, Wang X, An H, Zhan Y. Anti-tumor effects of (1→3)-β-d-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in S180 tumor-bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:385-392. [PMID: 27838421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
(1→3)-β-d-Glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a typical polysaccharide with various biological effects and is considered a candidate for the prevention and treatment of cancer in vitro. Research into the function of (1→3)-β-d-glucan in tumor-bearing animals in vivo, however, is limited. Here, we investigated the effects of (1→3)-β-d-glucan from S. cerevisiae on S180 tumor-bearing mice and on the immunity of the tumor-bearing host. The molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects were investigated. (1→3)-β-d-Glucan was shown to exert anti-tumor effects without toxicity in normal mouse cells. The volume and weight of S180 tumors decreased dramatically following treatment with (1→3)-β-d-glucan, and treatment with the polysaccharide was furthermore shown to increase the tumor inhibition rate in a dose-dependent manner. Spleen index, T lymphocyte subsets (CD4 and CD8), as well as interleukins (IL)-2, (IL-2, IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α were assayed to detect the immunoregulatory and anti-tumor effects after (1→3)-β-d-glucan intragastrical administration. (1→3)-β-d-Glucan was shown to significantly potentiate the mouse immune responses by, among other effects, decreasing the ratio of CD4 to CD8. The expression levels of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α were also significantly increased by (1→3)-β-d-glucan. These results suggest that (1→3)-β-d-glucan enhances the host's immune function during the tumor inhibition process. S180 tumor cells treated with (1→3)-β-d-glucan also exhibited significant apoptotic characteristics. (1→3)-β-d-glucan increased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 at the translation level by up-regulating Bax expression and down-regulating Bcl-2 expression, resulting in the initiation of cell apoptosis in S180 tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, these results indicate that the anti-tumor effects exerted by (1→3)-β-d-glucan may be attributed to the polysaccharide's immunostimulating properties and apoptosis-inducing features. Further investigation into these properties and their associated mechanisms will contribute to the development of potent polysaccharide-based anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xuzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Hailong An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Yong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
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Saber A, Alipour B, Faghfoori Z, Yari Khosroushahi A. Cellular and molecular effects of yeast probiotics on cancer. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:96-115. [PMID: 27561003 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1179622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cancer is one of the main causes of human deaths worldwide. The exact mechanisms of initiation and progression of malignancies are not clear yet, but there is a common agreement about the role of colonic microbiota in the etiology of different cancers. Probiotics have been examined for their anti-cancer effects, and different mechanisms have been suggested about their antitumor functions. Nonpathogenic yeasts, as members of probiotics family, can be effective on gut microbiota dysbiosis. Generally safe yeasts have shown so many beneficial effects on human health. Probiotic yeasts influence physiology, metabolism, and immune homeostasis in the colon and contribute to cancer treatment due to possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-cancer properties. This study reviews some of the health-beneficial effects of probiotic yeasts and their biological substances like folic acid and β-glucan on cancer and focuses on the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of probiotic yeasts such as influencing pathogenic bacteria, inactivation of carcinogenic compounds, especially those derived from food, improvement of intestinal barrier function, modulation of immune responses, antitoxic function, apoptosis, and anti-proliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saber
- a Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy , Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Beitollah Alipour
- c Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy , Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,d Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- e Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- f Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,g Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Szwengiel A, Stachowiak B. Deproteinization of water-soluble ß-glucan during acid extraction from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:310-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Meng X, Liang H, Luo L. Antitumor polysaccharides from mushrooms: a review on the structural characteristics, antitumor mechanisms and immunomodulating activities. Carbohydr Res 2016; 424:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA. Cytotoxic mechanisms of immunotherapy: Harnessing complement in the action of anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:309-16. [PMID: 27009480 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several mAbs that have been approved for the treatment of cancer make use of complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to eliminate tumor cells. Comprehensive investigations, based on in vitro studies, mouse models and analyses of patient blood samples after mAb treatment have provided key insights into the details of individual steps in the CDC reaction. Based on the lessons learned from these studies, new and innovative approaches are now being developed to increase the clinical efficacy of next generation mAbs with respect to CDC. These improvements include engineering changes in the mAbs to enhance their ability to activate complement. In addition, mAb dosing paradigms are being developed that take into account the capacity as well as the limitations of the complement system to eliminate a substantial burden of mAb-opsonized cells. Over the next few years it is likely these approaches will lead to mAbs that are far more effective in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States.
| | - Margaret A Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
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Veverka M, Murányi A, Bakoš D, Kochan J, Jorík V, Omastová M. Arabinogalactan:β-glucan as novel biodegradable carriers for recombinant human thrombin. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 27:202-17. [PMID: 26708010 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of incorporating thrombin in arabinogalactan (AG)/β-glucan (BG)-based carriers. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Results, especially deconvoluted XRPD patterns indicated creation of new phases and potential complex formation. Results also highlighted that the AG carrier leads to higher residual thrombin-specific activity, while the in vivo haemostatic effect was enhanced when insoluble BG was present in the matrix. Our results confirm that thrombin can be successfully added to the carriers and that these materials are promising alternatives to standard vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Veverka
- a R&D Department , EUROFINS Bel/Novamann Ltd. , Nové Zámky , Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Murányi
- b Department of Galenical Development , hameln rds a.s. , Modra , Slovak Republic.,c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Galenic Pharmacy , Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Bakoš
- d Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak Technical University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Kochan
- e Department of Pharmacology , hameln rds a.s. , Modra , Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimír Jorík
- d Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak Technical University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Omastová
- f Polymer Institute , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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Ostadrahimi A, Ziaei JE, Esfahani A, Jafarabadi MA, Movassaghpourakbari A, Farrin N. Effect of beta glucan on white blood cell counts and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-12 in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5733-9. [PMID: 25081694 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy in the world. Beta glucan can be a hematopoietic and an immune modulator agent in cancer patients. The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of beta glucan on white blood cell counts and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-12 in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 women with breast carcinoma aged 28-65 years. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n=15) or placebo (n=15) groups using a block randomization procedure with matching based on age, course of chemotherapy and menopause status. Patients in the intervention group received two 10-mg capsules of soluble 1-3, 1-6, D-beta glucan daily and the control group receiving placebo during 21 days, the interval between two courses of chemotherapy. White blood cells, neuthrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts as well as serum levels of IL-4 and IL-12 were measured at baseline and at the end of the study as primary outcomes of the study. RESULTS In both groups white blood cell counts decreased after 21 days of the intervention, however in the beta glucan group, WBC was less decreased non significantly than the placebo group. At the end of the study, the change in the serum level of IL-4 in the beta glucan group in comparison with the placebo group was statistically significant (p=0.001). The serum level of IL-12 in the beta glucan group statistically increased (p=0.03) and comparison between two groups at the end of the study was significant after adjusting for baseline values and covariates (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that beta glucan can be useful as a complementary or adjuvant therapy and immunomodulary agent in breast cancer patients in combination with cancer therapies, but further studies are needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center. Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail : Asi
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Legentil L, Paris F, Ballet C, Trouvelot S, Daire X, Vetvicka V, Ferrières V. Molecular Interactions of β-(1→3)-Glucans with Their Receptors. Molecules 2015; 20:9745-66. [PMID: 26023937 PMCID: PMC6272582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
β-(1→3)-Glucans can be found as structural polysaccharides in cereals, in algae or as exo-polysaccharides secreted on the surfaces of mushrooms or fungi. Research has now established that β-(1→3)-glucans can trigger different immune responses and act as efficient immunostimulating agents. They constitute prevalent sources of carbons for microorganisms after subsequent recognition by digesting enzymes. Nevertheless, mechanisms associated with both roles are not yet clearly understood. This review focuses on the variety of elucidated molecular interactions that involve these natural or synthetic polysaccharides and their receptors, i.e., Dectin-1, CR3, glycolipids, langerin and carbohydrate-binding modules.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Agaricales/genetics
- Agaricales/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Edible Grain/genetics
- Edible Grain/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase/genetics
- Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase/immunology
- Glycolipids/immunology
- Glycolipids/metabolism
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Macrophage-1 Antigen/genetics
- Macrophage-1 Antigen/immunology
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/genetics
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/immunology
- Receptors, Scavenger/genetics
- Receptors, Scavenger/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Stramenopiles/genetics
- Stramenopiles/metabolism
- beta-Glucans/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Legentil
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Franck Paris
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Caroline Ballet
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- INRA, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Xavier Daire
- INRA, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Vincent Ferrières
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Skouroliakou M, Ntountaniotis D, Kastanidou O, Massara P. Evaluation of Barley's Beta-glucan Food Fortification through Investigation of Intestinal Permeability in Healthy Adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:13-9. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.967893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vetvicka V, Richter J, Svozil V, Rajnohová Dobiášová L, Král V. Placebo-driven clinical trials of yeast-derived β-(1-3) glucan in children with chronic respiratory problems. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 1:26. [PMID: 25332970 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2013.07.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of glucan in stimulation of immune reactions has been studied for several decades. In this report we focused on the effects of orally administered glucan in children with chronic respiratory problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured the levels of albumin, lysozyme and CRP in saliva of 40 children aged 8-12 years and evaluate the effects of 100 mg/d oral dose of glucan. RESULTS We found a significant increase in production of changes in production of lysozyme and CRP in glucan-treated children. In addition, a strong improvement in general conditions was found. CONCLUSIONS Short-term oral application of natural immunomodulator β-glucan stimulated mucosal immunity of children with chronic respiratory problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- 1 University of Louisville, Department of Pathology, Louisville, KY, USA ; 2 Zdravotní ústav se sídlem v Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic ; 3 Sanatorium EDEL, Zlaté Hory, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Richter
- 1 University of Louisville, Department of Pathology, Louisville, KY, USA ; 2 Zdravotní ústav se sídlem v Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic ; 3 Sanatorium EDEL, Zlaté Hory, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Svozil
- 1 University of Louisville, Department of Pathology, Louisville, KY, USA ; 2 Zdravotní ústav se sídlem v Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic ; 3 Sanatorium EDEL, Zlaté Hory, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rajnohová Dobiášová
- 1 University of Louisville, Department of Pathology, Louisville, KY, USA ; 2 Zdravotní ústav se sídlem v Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic ; 3 Sanatorium EDEL, Zlaté Hory, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Král
- 1 University of Louisville, Department of Pathology, Louisville, KY, USA ; 2 Zdravotní ústav se sídlem v Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic ; 3 Sanatorium EDEL, Zlaté Hory, Czech Republic
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Ferry A, Malik G, Guinchard X, Vĕtvička V, Crich D. Synthesis and Evaluation of Di- and Trimeric Hydroxylamine-Based β-(1→3)-Glucan Mimetics. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14852-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507084t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Ferry
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gaëlle Malik
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xavier Guinchard
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Václav Vĕtvička
- Department
of Pathology, University of Louisville, 323 East Chestnut Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Ostadrahimi A, Esfahani A, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Eivazi Ziaei J, Movassaghpourakbari A, Farrin N. Effect of Beta glucan on quality of life in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:471-7. [PMID: 25364665 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy in the world. Beta glucan may improve quality of life in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of Beta glucan on quality of life in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS This study was conducted on 30 women with breast carcinoma. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n=15) or placebo (n=15) groups using a block randomization procedure. Patients in the intervention group received two 10-mg capsules of soluble 1-3, 1-6, D-beta glucan daily and the placebo group received placebo for 21 days, in an interval between two courses of chemotherapy. Health - related quality of life (HRQL) was evaluated using the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire version.3.0 (EORTC QLQ-C30) at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS At the end of the study, the Global health status /QoL score for the Beta glucan group was significantly increased (P=0.023), but the difference between the two groups was not significant. After intervention, the Functional scales score showed no significant change (P=0.099) between the two groups or within the groups. At the end of the study, the Symptom scales\items score was decreased significantly in Beta glucan group comparing the placebo group (P=0.048), as well as after adjusting for baseline score. The Symptom scales\items score's change was significant (P=0.012) within the Beta glucan group, compared with the baseline score. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that Beta glucan may be useful as a complementary or adjuvant therapy for improving quality of life in breast cancer patients in combination with cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Esfahani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamal Eivazi Ziaei
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpourakbari
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Farrin
- Student's Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Ganglioside GD2 is a tumor-associated surface antigen found in a broad spectrum of human cancers and stem cells. They include pediatric embryonal tumors (neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, brain tumors, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma), as well as adult cancers (small cell lung cancer, melanoma, soft tissue sarcomas). Because of its restricted normal tissue distribution, GD2 has been proven safe for antibody targeting. Anti-GD2 antibody is now incorporated into the standard of care for the treatment of high-risk metastatic neuroblastoma. Building on this experience, novel combinations of antibodies, cytokines, cells, and genetically engineered products all directed at GD2 are rapidly moving into the clinic. In this review, past and present immunotherapy trials directed at GD2 will be summarized, highlighting the lessons learned and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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45
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Sulfated glucan can improve the immune efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine in chicken. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:193-8. [PMID: 24875318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the immune effect of sulfated glucan from saccharomyces cerevisiae (SGSC) on chickens, two experiments were researched. In vitro experiment, the effects of SGSC on chicken splenic lymphocyte proliferation were determined. The results displayed that SGSC could significantly stimulate chicken splenic lymphocyte proliferation. In vivo experiment, 200 14-day-old chickens were averagely divided into 5 groups. The chickens, except blank control (BC) group, were vaccinated with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine, repeated vaccination at 28 days old. At the same time of the first vaccination, the chickens in three SGSC groups were injected, respectively, with the SGSC at low, medium and high concentrations, in vaccination control (VC) and BC group, with equal volume of physiological saline, once a day for three successive days. On days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after the first vaccination, the lymphocyte proliferation, serum antibody titer and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured. The results showed that SGSC at suitable dose could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhance serum antibody titer, and improve serum IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations. It indicated that SGSC could significantly improve the immune efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine, and would be as the candidate of a new-type immune adjuvant.
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Ogawa K, Takeuchi M, Nakamura N. Immunological Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Arabinoxylan from Corn Husk in Mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 69:19-25. [PMID: 15665462 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oral administration of partially hydrolyzed water-soluble corn husk arabinoxylan (CHAX), the average molecular weight of which is about 53 kDa, on immunopotentiating activity was investigated in mice. Oral administration of CHAX to healthy mice significantly augmented the production of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma with a slight increase in IL-4 in mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen cells. Natural killer (NK) cell activity in spleen cells from mice, which were transplanted tumor and administrated CHAX, was augmented about 2-fold. In model mice of atopic dermatitis, the average ear thickness of mice administrated CHAX was induced by dinitrophenyl-fluorobenzene (DNFB) after injection of an anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-IgE monoclonal antibody was much smaller than that in control animals. These results suggest that CHAX has the ability to increase the level of immunopotentiating activity without causing over response of immunological reaction even if it is administrated orally to mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ogawa
- Research Institute, Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan.
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LIN KAILONG, HE SIYI, HE LUHANG, CHEN JUNYIN, CHENG XIAOMING, ZHANG GUOQIANG, ZHU BO. Complement component 3 is a prognostic factor of non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:811-7. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yamasaki T, Ariyoshi W, Okinaga T, Adachi Y, Hosokawa R, Mochizuki S, Sakurai K, Nishihara T. The dectin 1 agonist curdlan regulates osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) through Syk kinase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19191-203. [PMID: 24821724 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.551416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several immune system cell surface receptors are reported to be associated with osteoclastogenesis. Dectin 1, a lectin receptor for β-glucan, is found predominantly on cells of the myeloid lineage. In this study, we examined the effect of the dectin 1 agonist curdlan on osteoclastogenesis. In mouse bone marrow cells and dectin 1-overexpressing RAW 264.7 cells (d-RAWs), curdlan suppressed receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and actin ring formation in a dose-dependent manner. This was achieved within non-growth inhibitory concentrations at the early stage. Conversely, curdlan had no effect on macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced differentiation. Furthermore, curdlan inhibited RANKL-induced nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) expression, thereby decreasing osteoclastogenesis-related marker gene expression, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein, cathepsin K, and matrix metallopeptidase 9. Curdlan inhibited RANKL-induced c-fos expression, followed by suppression of NFATc1 autoamplification, without significantly affecting the NF-κB signaling pathway. We also observed that curdlan treatment decreased Syk protein in d-RAWs. Inhibition of the dectin 1-Syk kinase pathway by Syk-specific siRNA or chemical inhibitors suppressed osteoclast formation and NFATc1 expression stimulated by RANKL. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that curdlan potentially inhibits osteoclast differentiation, especially NFATc1 expression, and that Syk kinase plays a crucial role in the transcriptional pathways. This suggests that the activation of dectin 1-Syk kinase interaction critically regulates the genes required for osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yamasaki
- From the Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- From the Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion,
| | - Toshinori Okinaga
- From the Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion
| | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- the Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan, and
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mochizuki
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- From the Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion
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Thompson IJ, Oyston PCF, Williamson DE. Potential of the β-glucans to enhance innate resistance to biological agents. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 8:339-52. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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50
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Isolation, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants and Mushrooms. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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