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Yamane M, Ohnishi H, Tsuji K, Anabuki K, Yokoyama A. Dupilumab-induced peripheral neuropathy in a patient with severe asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 128:611. [PMID: 35489800 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuka Yamane
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohnishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
| | - Kimiko Tsuji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Anabuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Akihito Yokoyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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2
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Oladiran O, Shi XQ, Fournier S, Zhang J. CX3CR1 But Not CCR2 Expression Is Required for the Development of Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720733. [PMID: 34484228 PMCID: PMC8415420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One hallmark of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a prototypic autoimmune peripheral neuropathy (APN) is infiltration of leukocytes (macrophages and T cells) into peripheral nerves, where chemokines and their receptors play major roles. In this study, we aimed to understand the potential contribution of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 in APN by using a well-established mouse model, B7.2 transgenic (L31) mice, which possesses a predisposed inflammatory background. We crossbred respectively CCR2KO and CX3CR1KO mice with L31 mice. The disease was initiated by partial ligation on one of the sciatic nerves. APN pathology and neurological function were evaluated on the other non-ligated sciatic nerve/limb. Our results revealed that L31/CX3CR1KO but not L31/CCR2KO mice were resistant to APN. CX3CR1 is needed for maintaining circulating monocyte and CD8+ T cell survival. While migration of a significant number of activated CD8+ T cells to peripheral nerves is essential in autoimmune response in nerve, recruitment of monocytes into PNS seems optional. Disease onset is independent of CCR2 mediated blood-derived macrophage recruitment, which can be replaced by compensatory proliferation of resident macrophages in peripheral nerve. CX3CR1 could also contribute to APN via its critical involvement in maintaining nerve macrophage phagocytic ability. We conclude that blockade of CX3CR1 signaling may represent an interesting anti-inflammatory strategy to improve therapeutic management for GBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladayo Oladiran
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiang Qun Shi
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Fournier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ji Zhang
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Shen D, Chu F, Lang Y, Zheng C, Li C, Liu K, Zhu J. Nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor suppresses experimental autoimmune neuritis in mice via declining macrophages polarization to M1 type. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:110-117. [PMID: 34118070 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory and immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Macrophages play a central role in its animal model, experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), which has been well accepted. Additionally, nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitors have been used to treat cancers and have shown beneficial effects. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of M2 macrophage and the NF-κB pathway's correlation with macrophage activation in EAN in C57BL/6 mice. We demonstrate that M2 macrophage transfusion could alleviate the clinical symptoms of EAN by reducing the proportion of M1 macrophage in the peak period, inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. The NF-κB inhibitor (BAY-11-7082) could alleviate the clinical symptoms of EAN and shorten the duration of symptoms by reducing the proportion of M1 macrophages and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Consequently, BAY-11-7082 exhibits strong potential as a therapeutic strategy for ameliorating EAN by influencing the balance of M1/M2 macrophages and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Shen
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengna Chu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yue Lang
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangding Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Oladiran O, Shi XQ, Yang M, Fournier S, Zhang J. Inhibition of TLR4 signaling protects mice from sensory and motor dysfunction in an animal model of autoimmune peripheral neuropathy. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:77. [PMID: 33752705 PMCID: PMC7983271 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the etiology remains elusive, macrophages and T cells in peripheral nerves are considered as effector cells mediating autoimmune peripheral neuropathy (APN), such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. By recognizing both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) signals, TLRs play a central role in the initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we aimed to understand the involvement of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of APN and explore the potential of TLR4 as a drug target for therapeutic use. METHODS APN was induced by a partial ligation on one of the sciatic nerves in B7.2 (L31) transgenic mice which possess a predisposed inflammatory background. APN pathology and neurological function were evaluated on the other non-injured sciatic nerve. RESULTS TLR4 and its endogenous ligand HMGB1 were highly expressed in L31 mice, in circulating immune cells and in peripheral nerves. Enhanced TLR4 signaling was blocked with TAK 242, a selective TLR4 inhibitor, before and after disease onset. Intraperitoneal administration of TAK 242 not only inhibited monocyte, macrophage and CD8+ T cell activation, but also reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TAK 242 protected mice from severe myelin and axonal loss, resulting in a remarkable improvement in mouse motor and sensory functions. TAK 242 was effective in alleviating the disease in both preventive and reversal paradigms. CONCLUSION The study identified the critical contribution of TLR4-mediated macrophage activation in disease course and provided strong evidence to support TLR4 as a useful drug target for treating inflammatory autoimmune neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladayo Oladiran
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740 Docteur Penfield Ave, Suite 3200C, Montreal, QC, H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Xiang Qun Shi
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740 Docteur Penfield Ave, Suite 3200C, Montreal, QC, H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Mu Yang
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740 Docteur Penfield Ave, Suite 3200C, Montreal, QC, H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Sylvie Fournier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Ji Zhang
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740 Docteur Penfield Ave, Suite 3200C, Montreal, QC, H3A0G1, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada. .,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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5
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Li C, Liu S, Aerqin Q, Shen D, Wu X, Liu K. The therapeutic effects of ginkgolides in Guillain-Barré syndrome and experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 87:44-49. [PMID: 33863532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acquired immune-mediated inflammatory peripheral neuropathy. The immune regulation of ginkgolides have been revealed in recent years. We herein investigate the potential therapeutic effects of ginkgolides both on GBS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). METHODS EAN in C57BL/6 mice induced by subcutaneous injection with peripheral nerve myelin P0 protein peptide 180-199 (P0 peptide) were treated with ginkgolides at three different doses. GBS patients were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group were treated with ginkgolides as soon as diagnosed. RESULTS Our data indicated that ginkgolides administration daily ameliorated the score of EAN and delayed the peak of disease in EAN mice. Ginkgolides also down-regulated the proportions of T helper (Th) 17 cells in EAN spleens. Furthermore, we also found that administration of ginkgolides significantly decreased the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin-12 (IL)-12 in GBS patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that ginkgolides ameliorated the clinical score of EAN through down-regulating the proportions of Th 17 cells. Ginkgolides also suppressed inflammation response by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12, suggesting ginkgolides had potential therapeutic effects on GBS patients and EAN in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaolifan Aerqin
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Shen
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangding Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Gitlin-Domagalska A, Maciejewska A, Dębowski D. Bowman-Birk Inhibitors: Insights into Family of Multifunctional Proteins and Peptides with Potential Therapeutical Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120421. [PMID: 33255583 PMCID: PMC7760496 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBIs) are found primarily in seeds of legumes and in cereal grains. These canonical inhibitors share a highly conserved nine-amino acids binding loop motif CTP1SXPPXC (where P1 is the inhibitory active site, while X stands for various amino acids). They are natural controllers of plants' endogenous proteases, but they are also inhibitors of exogenous proteases present in microbials and insects. They are considered as plants' protective agents, as their elevated levels are observed during injury, presence of pathogens, or abiotic stress, i.a. Similar properties are observed for peptides isolated from amphibians' skin containing 11-amino acids disulfide-bridged loop CWTP1SXPPXPC. They are classified as Bowman-Birk like trypsin inhibitors (BBLTIs). These inhibitors are resistant to proteolysis and not toxic, and they are reported to be beneficial in the treatment of various pathological states. In this review, we summarize up-to-date research results regarding BBIs' and BBLTIs' inhibitory activity, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial and insecticidal strength, as well as chemopreventive properties.
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7
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Zhao Y, Zhu R, Tian D, Liu X. Genetic polymorphisms in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A field synopsis and systematic meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102665. [PMID: 32949724 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is considered to be a complex immune-mediated neuropathy. In the past few years, numerous studies were performed to detect the association between genetic polymorphisms and GBS risk. However, the findings of these studies were controversial. Thus, we conducted this field synopsis and systematic meta-analysis for further evaluating the possible associations between all available genetic polymorphisms and GBS susceptibility. METHODS Relevant studies focusing on the association between all genetic polymorphisms and GBS risk were obtained by a comprehensive literature search. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) as well as 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for assessing the strength of association. Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity and GBS subtype were further performed. Moreover, sensitive analysis and publication bias were conducted for evaluating the reliability of the results. RESULTS Among the initial identified 333 articles, 41 articles reporting on 220 genetic polymorphisms were extracted for conducting this systematic review. Then, we performed 95 primary and 94 subgroup meta-analyses for 59 variants with at least three independent studies available. The results showed significant association between four variants (FcγR IIA rs1801274, TNF-α rs1800629, HLA DRB1*0401 and HLA DRB1*1301) and GBS susceptibility. In the subgroup analysis, three (TNF-α rs1800629, TNF-α rs1800630 and TLR4 rs4986790) and two (FcγR IIA rs1801274, HLA DRB1*14) variants showed association with increased GBS risk in Asian and Caucasian population, respectively. Also, TNF-α rs1800629 was significant associated with AMAN subtypes of GBS. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis, funnel plots and Egger's test displayed robust results, except for FcγR IIA rs1801274. Additionally, for 161 variants with less than three studies, 17 genetic variants have been found to be significantly related with GBS risk in our systematic review. INTERPRETATION In our study, we assessed the association between all available genetic polymorphisms and GBS susceptibility. We hope our findings would be helpful for identifying novel genetic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
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8
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Shen D, Chu F, Lang Y, Geng Y, Zheng X, Zhu J, Liu K. Beneficial or Harmful Role of Macrophages in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4286364. [PMID: 29853789 PMCID: PMC5944239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4286364+10.1155/2018/4286364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an immune-mediated demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, is characterized by acute weakness of the extremities and areflexia or hyporeflexia. Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a common animal model for GBS, which represents a CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune demyelination of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and is used to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of GBS. It has been found that macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of both GBS and EAN. Macrophages have been primarily classified into two major phenotypes: proinflammatory macrophages (M1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). The two different macrophage subsets M1 and M2 may play a decisive role in initiation and development of GBS and EAN. However, recently, it has been indicated that the roles of macrophages in immune regulation and autoimmune diseases are more complex than those suggested by a simple M1-M2 dichotomy. Macrophages might exert either inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effect by secreting pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, and either inducing the activation of T cells to mediate immune response, resulting in inflammation and demyelination in the PNS, or promoting disease recovery. In this review, we summarize the dual roles of macrophages in GBS and EAN and explore the mechanism of macrophage polarization to provide a potential therapeutic approach for GBS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Shen
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fengna Chu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yue Lang
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunlong Geng
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14157 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kangding Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Beneficial or Harmful Role of Macrophages in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4286364. [PMID: 29853789 PMCID: PMC5944239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4286364 10.1155/2018/4286364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an immune-mediated demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, is characterized by acute weakness of the extremities and areflexia or hyporeflexia. Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a common animal model for GBS, which represents a CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune demyelination of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and is used to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of GBS. It has been found that macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of both GBS and EAN. Macrophages have been primarily classified into two major phenotypes: proinflammatory macrophages (M1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). The two different macrophage subsets M1 and M2 may play a decisive role in initiation and development of GBS and EAN. However, recently, it has been indicated that the roles of macrophages in immune regulation and autoimmune diseases are more complex than those suggested by a simple M1-M2 dichotomy. Macrophages might exert either inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effect by secreting pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, and either inducing the activation of T cells to mediate immune response, resulting in inflammation and demyelination in the PNS, or promoting disease recovery. In this review, we summarize the dual roles of macrophages in GBS and EAN and explore the mechanism of macrophage polarization to provide a potential therapeutic approach for GBS in the future.
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10
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Beneficial or Harmful Role of Macrophages in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4286364. [PMID: 29853789 PMCID: PMC5944239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4286364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an immune-mediated demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, is characterized by acute weakness of the extremities and areflexia or hyporeflexia. Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a common animal model for GBS, which represents a CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune demyelination of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and is used to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of GBS. It has been found that macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of both GBS and EAN. Macrophages have been primarily classified into two major phenotypes: proinflammatory macrophages (M1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). The two different macrophage subsets M1 and M2 may play a decisive role in initiation and development of GBS and EAN. However, recently, it has been indicated that the roles of macrophages in immune regulation and autoimmune diseases are more complex than those suggested by a simple M1-M2 dichotomy. Macrophages might exert either inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effect by secreting pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, and either inducing the activation of T cells to mediate immune response, resulting in inflammation and demyelination in the PNS, or promoting disease recovery. In this review, we summarize the dual roles of macrophages in GBS and EAN and explore the mechanism of macrophage polarization to provide a potential therapeutic approach for GBS in the future.
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Huang Y, Ying Z, Quan W, Xiang W, Xie D, Weng Y, Li X, Li J, Zhang X. The clinical significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:729-735. [PMID: 29251087 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1418342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaojian Ying
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Quan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dewei Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyun Weng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Kharwar N, Prasad K, Singh K, Paliwal V, Modi D. Polymorphisms of IL-17 and ICAM-1 and their expression in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:680-687. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1231186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.K. Kharwar
- 1Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - K.N. Prasad
- 1Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - K. Singh
- 1Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - V.K. Paliwal
- 2Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - D.R. Modi
- 3Department of Biotechnology, Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedaker University, Lucknow, India
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13
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RAD001 (everolimus) attenuates experimental autoimmune neuritis by inhibiting the mTOR pathway, elevating Akt activity and polarizing M2 macrophages. Exp Neurol 2016; 280:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Han R, Xiao J, Zhai H, Hao J. Dimethyl fumarate attenuates experimental autoimmune neuritis through the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2/hemoxygenase-1 pathway by altering the balance of M1/M2 macrophages. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:97. [PMID: 27142843 PMCID: PMC4855950 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, post-infectious, immune-mediated, demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a fumaric acid ester, exhibits various biological activities, including multiple immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the potential mechanism underlying the effect of DMF in GBS animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is unclear. Methods Using EAN, an established GBS model, we investigated the effect of DMF by assessing clinical score, histological staining and electrophysiological studies. Then, we further explored the potential mechanism by Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, fluorescence immunohistochemistry, PCR, and ELISA analysis. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare differences between control group and treatment groups where appropriate. Results DMF treatment reduced the neurological deficits by ameliorating inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination of sciatic nerves. In addition, DMF treatment decreased the level of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages while increasing the number of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in the spleens and sciatic nerves of EAN rats. In RAW 264.7, a shift in macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype was demonstrated to be depended on DMF application. In sciatic nerves, DMF treatment elevated the level of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target gene hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) which could facilitate macrophage polarization toward M2 type. Moreover, DMF improved the inflammatory milieu in spleens of EAN rats, characterized by downregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 and upregulation of mRNA level of IL-4 and IL-10. Conclusions Taken together, our data demonstrate that DMF can effectively suppress EAN, and the mechanism involves altering the balance of M1/M2 macrophages and attenuating inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0559-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Han
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jinting Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8489251. [PMID: 27034594 PMCID: PMC4808549 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8489251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important immune cells of the innate immune system that are involved in organ-specific homeostasis and contribute to both pathology and resolution of diseases including infections, cancer, obesity, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune disorders. Multiple lines of evidence point to macrophages as a remarkably heterogeneous cell type. Different phenotypes of macrophages exert either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles depending on the cytokines and other mediators that they are exposed to in the local microenvironment. Proinflammatory macrophages secrete detrimental molecules to induce disease development, while anti-inflammatory macrophages produce beneficial mediators to promote disease recovery. The conversion of the phenotypes of macrophages can regulate the initiation, development, and recovery of autoimmune diseases. Human neuroimmune diseases majorly include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), myasthenia gravis (MG), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of these neuroimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the double roles of macrophage in neuroimmune diseases and their animal models to further explore the mechanisms of macrophages involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders, which may provide a potential therapeutic approach for these disorders in the future.
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16
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Jin T, Yu H, Wang D, Zhang H, Zhang B, Quezada HC, Zhu J, Zhu W. Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate suppresses experimental autoimmune neuritis via shifting macrophages from M1 to M2 subtype. Immunol Lett 2016; 171:15-25. [PMID: 26791957 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we investigated the immuno-regulatory and therapeutic effects of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate (BBIC) on experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), an animal model of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in human. METHODS EAN in Lewis rats induced by inoculation with peripheral nerve myelin P0 protein peptide 180-199 (P0 peptide) was treated with BBIC at two different therapeutic regimens. RESULTS Our data indicated that the administration of BBIC daily orally effectively inhibited and ameliorated the clinical and pathological signs of EAN. The suppression of EAN was associated with an insufficiency of autoreactive T cells, as reflected by inhibited P0 peptide-specific mononuclear cell proliferation and decreased in CD4 and CD8T cells infiltrating into the peripheral nervous system (PNS). BBIC might mediate its therapeutic effects by shifting macrophages from M1 to M2 subtype as evidenced by increasing Arg-1, CD206 and IL-10 and inhibiting IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, iNOS and CD40 expressions on macrophages as well as enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 and decreasing inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 in the PNS. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BBIC may have therapeutic potential in human GBS and other autoimmune diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Hernan Concha Quezada
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China.
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17
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Che Y, Qiu J, Jin T, Yin F, Li M, Jiang Y. Circulating memory T follicular helper subsets, Tfh2 and Tfh17, participate in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20963. [PMID: 26865046 PMCID: PMC4750093 DOI: 10.1038/srep20963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating memory T follicular helper subsets, Tfh2 and Tfh17 are found to be aberrantly regulated in many autoimmune diseases. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of GBS are still unclear. This study examined the phenotype, distribution, clinical relevance and potential function of Tfh2 and Tfh17 in 36 GBS patients (including 24 AMAN and 12 AIDP patients). We found that the absolute counts of total memory Tfh cells were significantly increased in AMAN, while no significant difference in AIDP compared with HC. Furthermore, the levels of the three subsets of memory Tfh cells, Tfh1, Tfh2 and Tfh17, were differentially altered in AMAN. The absolute counts of Tfh1, Tfh2 and Tfh17 were all increased to a higher level in AMAN. The ratio of (Tfh2+Tfh17)/Tfh1 and the percentages of ICOS+ cells in Tfh2 and Tfh17 cells were greater in AMAN when compared to AIDP and HC, and the former had a positive correlation with the severity of both AMAN and AIDP. Conversely, the percentages of PD1+ cells in Tfh2 and Tfh17 cells were lower in AMAN than in HC. Therefore, circulating memory Tfh2 and Tfh17 cells might promote the autoantibody-related immune response and serve as useful markers to evaluate the progression of AMAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Che
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinpeng Qiu
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Man Li
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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18
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Saxena A. Probiotics as a Potential Alternative for Relieving Peripheral Neuropathies: a Case for Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1497. [PMID: 26779152 PMCID: PMC4703756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI University New Delhi, India
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19
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Croxford JL, Miyake S. Animal Models for the Study of Neuroimmunological Disease. NEUROIMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASES 2016. [PMCID: PMC7122656 DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-55594-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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20
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Wu X, Wang J, Liu K, Zhu J, Zhang HL. Are Th17 cells and their cytokines a therapeutic target in Guillain–Barré syndrome? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:209-22. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1086751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Role of cytokines and Toll-like receptors in the immunopathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:758639. [PMID: 25614713 PMCID: PMC4189947 DOI: 10.1155/2014/758639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system, mostly triggered by an aberrant immune response to an infectious pathogen. Although several infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of GBS, not all such infected individuals develop this disease. Moreover, infection with a single agent might also lead to different subtypes of GBS emphasizing the role of host factors in the development of GBS. The host factors regulate a broad range of inflammatory processes that are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including GBS. Evidences suggest that systemically and locally released cytokines and their involvement in immune-mediated demyelination and axonal damage of peripheral nerves are important in the pathogenesis of GBS. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) link innate and adaptive immunity through transcription of several proinflammatory cytokines. TLR genes may increase susceptibility to microbial infections; an attenuated immune response towards antigen and downregulation of cytokines occurs due to mutation in the gene. Herein, we discuss the crucial role of host factors such as cytokines and TLRs that activate the immune response and are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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22
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Brunn A, Mihelcic M, Carstov M, Hummel L, Geier F, Schmidt A, Saupe L, Utermöhlen O, Deckert M. IL-10, IL-4, and STAT6 promote an M2 milieu required for termination of P0(106-125)-induced murine experimental autoimmune neuritis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2627-40. [PMID: 25108223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of the type 2 helper T cell (Th2)-polarizing cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 has not yet been studied in P0106-125-induced murine experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). We, therefore, addressed the functional relevance of these cytokines and signaling via the IL-4-associated transcription factor STAT6. The clinical course of P0106-125-induced EAN in mice deficient for IL-10(0/0), IL-4(0/0), or STAT6(0/0) was significantly aggravated compared with that of wild-type control mice. In addition, treatment of P0106-125-immunized C57BL/6 mice at the onset of clinical symptoms with a monoclonal IL-10 neutralizing antibody aggravated symptoms and prolonged disease to a similar degree as in IL-10(0/0) mice. This exacerbated course was attributed to a more prominent Th1 immune response associated with a persistent M1 milieu in the sciatic nerve and in the regional and systemic lymphatic system. These data suggest a Th2-polarized milieu being required to prevent axonal damage of the sciatic nerve and to terminate the P0106-125-specific immune response in EAN. Beyond the already known role of macrophages as pathogenic effector cells in EAN, these data suggest that M2-differentiated macrophages do not damage and may even protect neural tissues in EAN. Thus, these data highlight the pathogenetic relevance of the macrophage polarization status in EAN. Therapeutic modulation of immune responses from an M1 toward an M2 milieu may be a promising novel strategy in peripheral nervous system neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brunn
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Mirna Mihelcic
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mariana Carstov
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Hummel
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Geier
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Schmidt
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Saupe
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olaf Utermöhlen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Medical Center, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Colgne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Deckert
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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23
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Li S, Jin T, Zhang HL, Yu H, Meng F, Concha Quezada H, Zhu J. Circulating Th17, Th22, and Th1 cells are elevated in the Guillain-Barré syndrome and downregulated by IVIg treatments. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:740947. [PMID: 24899787 PMCID: PMC4036596 DOI: 10.1155/2014/740947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is considered a T helper 1 (Th1) cells-mediated acute inflammatory peripheral neuropathy. However, some changes in GBS could not be explained completely by Th1 cells pathogenic role. Recently, Th17 cells have been identified and can mediate tissue inflammation and autoimmune response. Therefore, a study on the role of Th17 and Th22 cells and their cytokines in GBS is necessary for exploring the pathogenesis of GBS. Here, we detected the frequency of Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells by using 4-color flow cytometry and we detected the plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-22 by ELISA in GBS patients, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients at the acute phase of relapse, viral encephalitis or meningitis patients and healthy controls. Our data showed that the frequency of circulating Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells was significantly increased in GBS patients. The plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in GBS and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis at the acute phase of relapse were also markedly elevated. Enhanced circulating Th22 cells were correlated with GBS severity. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy downregulated Th17, and Th22 cells and the plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in GBS patients. Th17 and Th22 cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS, and intravenous immunoglobulin mediates therapeutic effects by downregulating these cells and their cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fanhua Meng
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hernan Concha Quezada
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Langert KA, Von Zee CL, Stubbs EB. Cdc42 GTPases facilitate TNF-α-mediated secretion of CCL2 from peripheral nerve microvascular endoneurial endothelial cells. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2014; 18:199-208. [PMID: 24028188 DOI: 10.1111/jns5.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trafficking of autoreactive leukocytes across the blood-nerve barrier and into peripheral nerves is an early pathological hallmark of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, promotes transendothelial migration by upregulating endothelial expression of inflammatory mediators, including CCL2, a chemokine implicated in GBS. We sought to determine the mechanism by which TNF-α induces expression and secretion of CCL2 from peripheral nerve microvascular endoneurial endothelial cells (PNMECs). Expression of CCL2 mRNA and protein in quiescent PNMEC cultures was minimal. In contrast, cultures treated with TNF-α exhibited increased CCL2 mRNA and protein content, as well as protein secretion. Simvastatin significantly attenuated TNF-α-induced CCL2 secretion without affecting CCL2 mRNA or protein expression. Co-incubation with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not farnesyl pyrophosphate, prevented the effect of simvastatin. By comparison, inhibiting protein isoprenylation with GGTI-298, but not FTI-277, mimicked the effect of simvastatin and significantly attenuated transendothelial migration in vitro. Inhibition of the monomeric GTPase Cdc42, but not Rac1 or RhoA-C, attenuated TNF-α-mediated CCL2 secretion. TNF-α-mediated trafficking of autoreactive leukocytes into peripheral nerves during GBS may proceed by a mechanism that involves Cdc42-facilitated secretion of CCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Langert
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA; Program of Neuroscience
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25
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Xu H, Li XL, Yue LT, Li H, Zhang M, Wang S, Wang CC, Duan RS. Therapeutic potential of atorvastatin-modified dendritic cells in experimental autoimmune neuritis by decreased Th1/Th17 cytokines and up-regulated T regulatory cells and NKR-P1(+) cells. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 269:28-37. [PMID: 24565076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Statins have pleiotropic effects which include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, dendritic cells treated with atorvastatin (statin-DCs) could be induced into tolerogenic DCs. Administration of these tolerogenic DCs ameliorated clinical symptoms in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), which was associated with reduced number of inflammatory cells in sciatic nerves, inhibited CD4(+) T cells proliferation, down-regulated expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) and MHC class II, decreased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17A, increased number of NKR-P1(+) cells (including NK and NKT cells), up-regulated number of Treg cells in lymph node MNC as well as increased Foxp3 expression in the thymus. These data indicated that statin-DCs could develop as a new therapeutic strategy to GBS in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atorvastatin
- Cattle
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology
- Heptanoic Acids/therapeutic use
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/immunology
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/metabolism
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Pyrroles/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Long-Tao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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26
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Zhang HL, Wu L, Wu X, Zhu J. Can IFN-γ be a therapeutic target in Guillain-Barré syndrome? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:355-63. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.882899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Guillain-Barre syndrome is a postinfectious disorder caused by an aberrant immune response to an infectious pathogen, resulting in an autoimmune disease. As with other autoimmune diseases of infectious nature, the intricate balance of the numerous factors involved in the immune response may determine the outcome of the interaction between the microbe and host. Recent studies focusing on the role of cytokines and its network of related mediators and receptors suggest that any imbalance may make a significant contribution to the outcome of the infectious disease process. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barre syndrome may lead to the discovery of newer therapeutics and may also serve as a model for studying other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Sw Tsang
- CNS Infection and Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Health Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, USA.
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28
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Zhang HL, Zheng XY, Zhu J. Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cytokines in Guillain–Barré syndrome and experimental autoimmune neuritis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.05.005 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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29
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Zhang HL, Zheng XY, Zhu J. Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cytokines in Guillain–Barré syndrome and experimental autoimmune neuritis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:443-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Lehmann HC, Hughes RAC, Kieseier BC, Hartung HP. Recent developments and future directions in Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2013; 17 Suppl 3:57-70. [PMID: 23279434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2012.00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) encompasses a spectrum of acquired neuropathic conditions characterized by inflammatory demyelinating or axonal peripheral neuropathy with acute onset. Clinical and experimental studies in the past years have led to substantial progress in epidemiology, pathogenesis of GBS variants, and identification of prognostic factors relevant to treatment. In this review we provide an overview and critical assessment of the most recent developments and future directions in GBS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmar C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, Germany
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31
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Silencing of miR155 promotes the production of inflammatory mediators in Guillain-Barré syndrome in vitro. Inflammation 2013; 36:337-45. [PMID: 23065188 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-155 (miR155) has been demonstrated as a central regulator of immune responses induced by inflammatory mediators. Previous studies suggest that miR155 may play adverse effects in various diseases. We hereby explored the roles of miR155 in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from GBS patients and healthy controls. Expression of miR155 in PBMCs was detected by quantitative PCR. An inhibitor of miR155 was transfected into the cultured PBMCs and the GBS-related cytokines were detected. Significantly, our study demonstrated that miR155 was downregulated in PBMCs from GBS patients and silencing of miR155 profoundly promoted the production of Th1-type cytokines in vitro. Our data effectively demonstrate a protective role of miR155 in GBS, which suggests that miR155 may be a promising target for the therapy of the disease.
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32
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Role of Campylobacter jejuni infection in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome: an update. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:852195. [PMID: 24000328 PMCID: PMC3755430 DOI: 10.1155/2013/852195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Our current knowledge on Campylobacter jejuni infections in humans has progressively increased over the past few decades. Infection with C. jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, sometimes surpassing other infections due to Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli. Most infections are acquired due to consumption of raw or undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, and contaminated water. After developing the diagnostic methods to detect C. jejuni, the possibility to identify the association of its infection with new diseases has been increased. After the successful isolation of C. jejuni, reports have been published citing the occurrence of GBS following C. jejuni infection. Thus, C. jejuni is now considered as a major triggering agent of GBS. Molecular mimicry between sialylated lipooligosaccharide structures on the cell envelope of these bacteria and ganglioside epitopes on the human nerves that generates cross-reactive immune response results in autoimmune-driven nerve damage. Though C. jejuni is associated with several pathologic forms of GBS, axonal subtypes following C. jejuni infection may be more severe. Ample amount of existing data covers a large spectrum of GBS; however, the studies on C. jejuni-associated GBS are still inconclusive. Therefore, this review provides an update on the C. jejuni infections engaged in the pathogenesis of GBS.
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Ydens E, Lornet G, Smits V, Goethals S, Timmerman V, Janssens S. The neuroinflammatory role of Schwann cells in disease. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 55:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Tumour necrosis factor α enhances CCL2 and ICAM-1 expression in peripheral nerve microvascular endoneurial endothelial cells. ASN Neuro 2013; 5:e00104. [PMID: 23293927 PMCID: PMC3565377 DOI: 10.1042/an20120048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment and trafficking of autoreactive leucocytes across the BNB (blood-nerve barrier) is an early pathological insult in GBS (Guillain-Barré syndrome), an aggressive autoimmune disorder of the PNS (peripheral nervous system). Whereas the aetiology and pathogenesis of GBS remain unclear, pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α), are reported to be elevated early in the course of GBS and may initiate nerve injury by activating the BNB. Previously, we reported that disrupting leucocyte trafficking in vivo therapeutically attenuates the course of an established animal model of GBS. Here, PNMECs (peripheral nerve microvascular endothelial cells) that form the BNB were harvested from rat sciatic nerves, immortalized by SV40 (simian virus 40) large T antigen transduction and subsequently challenged with TNFα. Relative changes in CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) expression were determined. We report that TNFα elicits marked dose- and time-dependent increases in CCL2 and ICAM-1 mRNA and protein content and promotes secretion of functional CCL2 from immortalized and primary PNMEC cultures. TNFα-mediated secretion of CCL2 promotes, in vitro, the transendothelial migration of CCR2-expressing THP-1 monocytes. Increased CCL2 and ICAM-1 expression in response to TNFα may facilitate recruitment and trafficking of autoreactive leucocytes across the BNB in autoimmune disorders, including GBS.
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Abstract
Recent advances demonstrate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ) agonist, pioglitazone, as an anti-inflammatory drug. We investigated the effect of pioglitazone on experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) rats. Pioglitazone was given once daily (10 mg/kg) by oral gavage feeding from day 1-24 (suppressive group) and day 11-24 (therapeutic group). Pioglitazone ameliorated the clinical score of EAN, decreased expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and the activation of NF-κB, while increasing the expression of PPARγ and IL-4. Furthermore, we observed higher expression of PPARγ and IL-4 and lower expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ and reduced activation of NF-κB in suppressive group than those in the therapeutic group, which corresponds to lower clinical score and earlier disease recovery. Our data effectively demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of pioglitazone in EAN by inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Wang YZ, Liang QH, Ramkalawan H, Wang YL, Yang YF, Zhou WB, Tian FF, Li J, Yang H. Expression of Toll-like receptors 2, 4 and 9 in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:60-8. [PMID: 22067623 DOI: 10.1159/000328200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A myriad of transcription factors and inflammatory cytokines have been described to participate in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, the innate immunity components--Toll-like receptors (TLRs)--have never been explored in this disease. We therefore investigated the expression of TLR2, 4 and 9 in the peripheral circulation of GBS patients as well as healthy controls. METHODS Twenty-one GBS patients and 21 healthy donors participated in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for mRNA and protein analysis of TLR-related molecules. Also, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from different subjects were incubated with different TLR agonists and the subsequent IFN-γ secretion was determined. RESULTS Expression of TLR2, 4 and 9 as well as their related signaling molecules were higher in GBS patients compared to healthy controls. Disability scores of GBS patients had a strong positive correlation with the high levels of expression of TLR2, 4 and 9. CONCLUSIONS The TLR signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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Nyati KK, Prasad KN, Kharwar NK, Soni P, Husain N, Agrawal V, Jain AK. Immunopathology and Th1/Th2 immune response of Campylobacter jejuni-induced paralysis resembling Guillain-Barré syndrome in chicken. Med Microbiol Immunol 2011; 201:177-87. [PMID: 22102098 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-011-0220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunopathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is not yet well established probably due to lack of experimental model. Therefore, we studied the Th1/Th2 immune response and pathological changes in C. jejuni-induced chicken model for GBS. C. jejuni (5 × 10(9) CFU/ml) and placebo were fed to 30 chickens each. Stools of all birds were negative for C. jejuni by culture and PCR before experiment. The birds were regularly assessed for disease symptoms up to 30 days. Sciatic nerves from all chickens were examined at 5 days intervals by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and also for the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines. Twenty-two chickens (73.3%) developed diarrhea after C. jejuni infection; 18 (60.0%) experimental chickens developed GBS-like paralytic neuropathy. Pathology in the sciatic nerves of these chickens included perinodal and/or patchy demyelination, perivascular focal lymphocytic infiltration, myelin swelling and presence of macrophages within the nerve fibers on 10th-20th post-infection day (PID). Cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-2) were elevated in early phase (5th-15th PID) and TGF-β2, IL-10 and IL-4 in the recovery phase (25th-30th PID) of the disease. The study provides evidence that C. jejuni infection in the chicken can provide an experimental animal model of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan K Nyati
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
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Preventive and therapeutic effects of the selective Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil on experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Neurol Sci 2011; 306:115-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cross-talk between apolipoprotein E and cytokines. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:949072. [PMID: 21772670 PMCID: PMC3136159 DOI: 10.1155/2011/949072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a multifunctional glycosylated protein characterized by its wide tissue distribution. Despite its importance in lipid transport and atherosclerosis pathogenesis, apoE is associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson disease, and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. Among others, the role of apoE in modulating inflammation and oxidation is crucial in elucidating the risk factors of the above diseases since the function of apoE is closely linked with both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, apoE modulates inflammatory and immune responses in an isoform-dependent manner. Correspondingly, inflammatory cytokines can either upregulate or downregulate the production of apoE in various tissue types. However, studies on the interactions between apoE and cytokines occasionally yield conflicting results, highlighting the complex roles of apoE and cytokines in various disorders. The present paper summarizes the current knowledge about the cross-talk between apoE and cytokines, with emphasis on the effects of apoE on the Th1/Th2 balance.
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Yi C, Zhang Z, Wang W, Zug C, Schluesener HJ, Zhang Z. Doxycycline Attenuates Peripheral Inflammation in Rat Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1984-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhu W, Zhang K, Mix E, Wang X, Adem A, Zhu J. Differential susceptibility to experimental autoimmune neuritis in Lewis rat strains is associated with T-cell immunity to myelin antigens. J Neurosci Res 2010; 89:448-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Investigation of effects of two-different treatment modalities on nerve conduction in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 2010; 32:431-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The role of cytokines in Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Neurol 2010; 258:533-48. [PMID: 21104265 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge of the role of cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, IL-17, IL-10, IL-4 and chemokines in GBS and EAN as unraveled by studies both in the clinic and the laboratory. However, these studies occasionally yield conflicting results, highlighting the complex role that cytokines play in the disease process. Efforts to modulate cytokine function in GBS and other autoimmune disease have shown efficiency indicating that cytokines are important therapeutic targets.
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Nyati KK, Prasad KN, Verma A, Paliwal VK. Correlation of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 with proinflammatory cytokines in Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:3540-6. [PMID: 20936699 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokines in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) largely remains unknown. We studied the role of MMP-2, MMP-9, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in disease progression and recovery of patients with GBS. Sixty-five patients with GBS and 68 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α, and IL-1β were analyzed by ELISA, and activities of MMPs were measured by zymography. Expression of MMP-9, TNF-α, and IL-1β was higher in the progressive phase and lower in the recovery phase of GBS than in controls. A positive correlation of MMP-2 with IL-1β and MMP-9 with TNF-α and IL-1β was observed with progressive-phase GBS. The study shows that up-regulation of MMP-9 along with proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the early course appears to be associated with immune-mediated disease progression resulting from inflammation in the peripheral nervous system, whereas, during the later phase, down-regulation of MMP-9 and proinflammatory cytokines is implicated in recovery from the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan K Nyati
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Prasad KN, Nyati KK, Verma A, Rizwan A, Paliwal VK. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms and expression in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:905-10. [PMID: 20600447 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) polymorphisms with increased expression is associated with many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Possible role of TNF-alpha polymorphism in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) largely remains unknown. We investigated polymorphisms in the promoter region of TNF-alpha gene and its expression in GBS patients and healthy controls. TNF-alpha (-308 G>A, -857 C>T, and -863 C>A) polymorphisms in 140 GBS patients and 206 healthy controls were studied using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and allele specific-PCR. TNF-alpha level in serum by ELISA was determined in 60 patients and an equal number of controls. Prevalence of TNF-alpha -308 G > A polymorphic A allele was associated with increased risk of GBS (p < 0.001; OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.61-4.14). Heterozygous genotype (G/A) had an association with acute motor axonal neuropathy (p < 0.001; OR = 4.23, 95% CI = 2.00-8.95) and variant genotype A/A with both axonal subtypes, acute motor axonal neuropathy (p = 0.015, OR = 7.00, 95% CI = 1.46-33.57) and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (p = 0.017; OR = 7.73, 95% CI = 1.44-41.37). Variant genotype T/T of TNF-alpha -857 C>T polymorphism was also significantly associated with acute motor axonal neuropathy (p = 0.034; OR = 3.93, 95% CI = 1.11-13.91). Patients with A and T alleles had higher TNF-alpha level in serum. TNF-alpha -308 G > A and -857 C>T (only T/T) polymorphisms with increased TNF-alpha level may predict susceptibility to axonal subtypes of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashi N Prasad
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Neurological adverse events associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor α treatment. J Neurol 2010; 257:1421-31. [PMID: 20495815 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) drugs have been successfully used for the treatment of rheumatic autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), juvenile chronic arthritis, and Crohn's disease. However, they have been associated with different neurological disorders, including alterations of peripheral nerves, multiple sclerosis (MS), optic neuritis (ON) and acute transverse myelitis (ATM). This article reviews the most current aspect regarding neurological adverse events associated with anti-TNF-alpha drugs with emphasis on the possible explanations for this relation and the pathogenic mechanism of TNF-alpha in neurological disorders.
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Zhang ZY, Zhang Z, Schluesener HJ. MS-275, an histone deacetylase inhibitor, reduces the inflammatory reaction in rat experimental autoimmune neuritis. Neuroscience 2010; 169:370-7. [PMID: 20451583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system and serves as the animal model of human inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies. MS-275, a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor currently undergoing clinical investigations for various malignancies, has been reported to demonstrate promising anti-inflammatory activities. In our present study, MS-275 administration (3.5 mg/kg i.p.) to EAN rats once daily from the appearance of first neurological signs greatly reduced the severity and duration of EAN and attenuated local accumulation of macrophages, T cells and B cells, and demyelination of sciatic nerves. Further, significant reduction of mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1beta, interferon-gamma, interleukine-17, inducible nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 was observed in sciatic nerves of MS-275 treated EAN rats. In lymph nodes, MS-275 depressed pro-inflammatory cytokines as well, but increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukine-10 and of foxhead box protein3 (Foxp3), a unique transcription factor of regulatory T cells. In addition, MS-275 treatment increased proportion of infiltrated Foxp3(+) cells and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in sciatic nerves of EAN rats. In summary, our data demonstrated that MS-275 could effectively suppress inflammation in EAN, through suppressing inflammatory T cells, macrophages and cytokines, and inducing anti-inflammatory immune cells and molecules, suggesting MS-275 as a potent candidate for treatment of autoimmune neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhang
- Institute of Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Calwer Street 3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Upregulation of erythropoietin in rat peripheral nervous system with experimental autoimmune neuritis. Brain Res 2010; 1333:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lymphocyte transformation test detects a response to Campylobacter jejuni antigens in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Med Microbiol Immunol 2010; 199:109-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-010-0144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The role of apolipoprotein E in Guillain-Barré syndrome and experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:357412. [PMID: 20182542 PMCID: PMC2825561 DOI: 10.1155/2010/357412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34.2 kDa glycosylated protein characterized by its wide tissue distribution and multiple functions. ApoE has been widely studied in lipid metabolism, cardiocerebrovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment, and so forth. Recently, a growing body of evidence has pointed to nonlipid related properties of apoE, including suppression of T cell proliferation, regulation of macrophage function, facilitation of lipid antigen presentation by CD1 molecules to natural killer T (NKT) cells, and modulation of inflammation and oxidation. By these properties, apoE impacts physiology and pathophysiology at multiple levels. The present paper summarizes updated studies on the immunoregulatory function of apoE, with special focus on isoform-specific effects of apoE on Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN).
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