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Daniilidou M, Holleman J, Hagman G, Kåreholt I, Aspö M, Brinkmalm A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Solomon A, Kivipelto M, Sindi S, Matton A. Neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular dysfunction and diurnal cortisol biomarkers in a memory clinic cohort: Findings from the Co-STAR study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:364. [PMID: 39251589 PMCID: PMC11385239 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortisol dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and cerebrovascular dysfunction are biological processes that have been separately shown to be affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we aimed to identify biomarker signatures reflecting these pathways in 108 memory clinic patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, N = 40), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 39), and AD (N = 29). Participants were from the well-characterized Cortisol and Stress in Alzheimer's Disease (Co-STAR) cohort, recruited at Karolinska University Hospital. Salivary diurnal cortisol measures and 41 CSF proteins were analyzed. Principal component analysis was applied to identify combined biosignatures related to AD pathology, synaptic loss, and neuropsychological assessments, in linear regressions adjusted for confounders, such as age, sex, education and diagnosis. We found increased CSF levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon γ-inducible protein (IP-10), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in MCI patients. Further, markers of cortisol dysregulation (flattened salivary cortisol awakening response and flattened cortisol slope) correlated with increased levels of placental growth factor (PlGF), IP-10, and chitinase 3-like 1 (YKL-40) in the total cohort. A biosignature composed of cortisol awakening response, cortisol slope, and CSF IL-6 was downregulated in AD patients. Moreover, biomarker signatures reflecting overlapping pathophysiological processes of neuroinflammation and vascular injury were associated with AD pathology, synaptic loss, and worsened processing speed. Our findings suggest an early dysregulation of immune and cerebrovascular processes during the MCI stage and provide insights into the interrelationship of chronic stress and neuroinflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makrina Daniilidou
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jasper Holleman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Hagman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Kåreholt
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Aspö
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alina Solomon
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shireen Sindi
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Matton
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Chen L, Yu X, Chen W, Qiu F, Li D, Yang Z, Yang S, Lu S, Wang L, Feng S, Xiu P, Tang M, Wang H. Nanoscale detection of carbon dots-induced changes in actin skeleton of neural cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:293-302. [PMID: 38678885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the cytotoxicity of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) is crucial for their applications, and various biochemical assays have been used to study the effects of CDs on cells. Knowledge on the effects of CDs from a biophysical perspective is integral to the recognition of their cytotoxicity, however the related information is very limited. Here, we report that atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used as an effective tool for studying the effects of CDs on cells from the biophysical perspective. We achieve this by integrating AFM-based nanomechanics with AFM-based imaging. We demonstrate the performance of this method by measuring the influence of CDs on living human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells at the single-cell level. We find that high-dose CDs can mechanically induce elevated normalized hysteresis (energy dissipation during the cell deformation) and structurally impair actin skeleton. The nanomechanical change highly correlates with the alteration of actin filaments, indicating that CDs-induced changes in SH-SY5Y cells are revealed in-depth from the AFM-based biophysical aspect. We validate the reliability of the biophysical observations using conventional biological methods including cell viability test, fluorescent microscopy, and western blot assay. Our work contributes new and significant information on the cytotoxicity of CDs from the biophysical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Fucheng Qiu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Songrui Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shengjun Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shuanglong Feng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Huabin Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China.
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Yargi-Ozkocak B, Altan C, Kemer-Atik B, Basarir B. Evaluation of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Pars Planitis and Multiple Sclerosis Associated Intermediate Uveitis in Remission. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:717-724. [PMID: 38433455 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2323520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the microvasculature during remission in patients with pars planitis (PP-IU) and multiple sclerosis-associated intermediate uveitis (MS-IU) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). METHODS Single-center, descriptive, case-control study was conducted. Adult patients (≥16 years) with IU in remission (PP-IU and MS-IU) and healthy age-sex matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled to the study. Demographic/clinical features, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ocular findings, neurological symptoms and preferred treatments were recorded. The presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) during follow-up was recorded. All IU patients in remission and HC subjects were scanned with OCT-A. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) areas of superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP/DCP) and vascular densities of SCP, DCP and choriocapillaris were obtained from OCT-A and compared between the groups. RESULTS Sixty-nine eyes of 37 IU patients in remission and 20 HC were included (44 eyes/23 patients in PP-IU, 25/14 in MS-IU, 40/20 in HC). No statistically significant differences were observed in terms of demographic or clinical characteristics of the patients. The vascular density in the SCP was significantly reduced in the PP-IU and MS-IU groups compared to the HC group (p < .05). Nevertheless, there were no significant changes in any of the OCTA parameters between the IU groups. Uveitis duration was found to be correlated with enlargement of the FAZ area in PP-IU (p = .039). CONCLUSION OCTA may not be useful in differentiating between PP-IU and MS-IU. Nevertheless, the primary implication in SCP potentially elucidates the pathogenesis of these two subtypes of IU, which are characterized by a shared pathogenesis. The monitoring of the FAZ area in the PP-IU group is valuable in terms of chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berru Yargi-Ozkocak
- Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Altan
- Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Kemer-Atik
- Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Basarir
- Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yang P, Li Y, Qian K, Zhou L, Cheng Y, Wu J, Xu M, Wang T, Yang X, Mu Y, Liu X, Zhang Q. Precise Modulation of Pericyte Dysfunction by a Multifunctional Nanoprodrug to Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14348-14366. [PMID: 38768086 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Pericyte dysfunction severely undermines cerebrovascular integrity and exacerbates neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, pericyte-targeted therapy is a yet-untapped frontier for AD. Inspired by the elevation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in pericyte lesions, we fabricated a multifunctional nanoprodrug by conjugating the hybrid peptide VLC, a fusion of the VCAM-1 high-affinity peptide VHS and the neuroprotective apolipoprotein mimetic peptide COG1410, to curcumin (Cur) through phenylboronic ester bond (VLC@Cur-NPs) to alleviate complex pericyte-related pathological changes. Importantly, VLC@Cur-NPs effectively homed to pericyte lesions via VLC and released their contents upon ROS stimulation to maximize their regulatory effects. Consequently, VLC@Cur-NPs markedly increased pericyte regeneration to form a positive feedback loop and thus improved neurovascular function and ultimately alleviated memory defects in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. We present a promising therapeutic strategy for AD that can precisely modulate pericytes and has the potential to treat other cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixian Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Tamene W, Wassie L, Marconi VC, Abebe M, Kebede A, Sack U, Howe R. Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:9399524. [PMID: 38660059 PMCID: PMC11042910 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9399524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in recognizing pathogenic patterns and initiating immune responses against TB and HIV. Previously, studies described the gene expression of TLRs in patients with TB and HIV. Here, we demonstrated TLRs protein expressions and their association with clinical status and plasma markers in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV coinfection. The phenotyping of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on CD14+ monocytes and their subsets were determined by multicolor flow cytometry. Host plasma biomarkers and microbial indices were measured using Luminex Multiplex assay and standard of care tools, respectively. TLR2 expression significantly enhanced in TB, slightly increased in HIV but slightly reduced in TB/HIV coinfection compared to apparently health controls (HC). On the other hand, TLR4 expression was significantly increased in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV compared to HC. Expression of TLR4 was equally enhanced on classical and intermediate monocytes while higher TLR2 expression on intermediate than classical monocytes. TLR4 had a positive correlation pattern with plasma biomarkers while TLR2 had an inverse correlation pattern. TLR4 is associated with disease severity while TLR2 is with the immune-competent status of patients. Our findings demonstrated that the pattern of TLR expression is disease as well as monocyte subset specific and distinct factors drive these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wegene Tamene
- HIV and TB Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Liya Wassie
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- School of Medicine, Rollins School of Public Health and the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meseret Abebe
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Amha Kebede
- HIV and TB Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Gammoh O, Ibrahim A, Yehya A, Alqudah A, Qnais E, Altaber S, Alrob OA, Aljabali AAA, Tambuwala MM. Exploring the Roles of Vitamins C and D and Etifoxine in Combination with Citalopram in Depression/Anxiety Model: A Focus on ICAM-1, SIRT1 and Nitric Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1960. [PMID: 38396638 PMCID: PMC10889164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family with nitric oxide (NO), is emerging in depression and anxiety. As with all antidepressants, the efficacy is delayed and inconsistent. Ascorbic acid (AA) and vitamin D (D) showed antidepressant properties, while etifoxine (Etx), a GABAA agonist, alleviates anxiety symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the potential augmentation of citalopram using AA, D and Etx and related the antidepressant effect to brain and serum ICAM-1, SIRT1 and NO in an animal model. BALB/c mice were divided into naive, control, citalopram, citalopram + etx, citalopram + AA, citalopram + D and citalopram + etx + AA + D for 7 days. On the 8th day, the mice were restrained for 8 h, followed by a forced swim test and marble burying test before scarification. Whole-brain and serum expression of ICAM-1, Sirt1 and NO were determined. Citalopram's antidepressant and sedative effects were potentiated by ascorbic acid, vitamin D and etifoxine alone and in combination (p < 0.05), as shown by the decreased floating time and rearing frequency. Brain NO increased significantly (p < 0.05) in depression and anxiety and was associated with an ICAM-1 increase versus naive (p < 0.05) and a Sirt1 decrease (p < 0.05) versus naive. Both ICAM-1 and Sirt1 were modulated by antidepressants through a non-NO-dependent pathway. Serum NO expression was unrelated to serum ICAM-1 and Sirt1. Brain ICAM-1, Sirt1 and NO are implicated in depression and are modulated by antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (A.Y.); (O.A.A.)
| | - Aseel Ibrahim
- Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Ala Yehya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (A.Y.); (O.A.A.)
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (E.Q.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Altaber
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (E.Q.); (S.A.)
| | - Osama Abo Alrob
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (A.Y.); (O.A.A.)
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Brayford Pool Campus, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;
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Johann L, Soldati S, Müller K, Lampe J, Marini F, Klein M, Schramm E, Ries N, Schelmbauer C, Palagi I, Karram K, Assmann JC, Khan MA, Wenzel J, Schmidt MH, Körbelin J, Schlüter D, van Loo G, Bopp T, Engelhardt B, Schwaninger M, Waisman A. A20 regulates lymphocyte adhesion in murine neuroinflammation by restricting endothelial ICOSL expression in the CNS. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168314. [PMID: 37856217 PMCID: PMC10721159 DOI: 10.1172/jci168314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A20 is a ubiquitin-modifying protein that negatively regulates NF-κB signaling. Mutations in A20/TNFAIP3 are associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We found that deletion of A20 in central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells (ECs) enhances experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. A20ΔCNS-EC mice showed increased numbers of CNS-infiltrating immune cells during neuroinflammation and in the steady state. While the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was not impaired, we observed a strong activation of CNS-ECs in these mice, with dramatically increased levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. We discovered ICOSL to be expressed by A20-deficient CNS-ECs, which we found to function as adhesion molecules. Silencing of ICOSL in CNS microvascular ECs partly reversed the phenotype of A20ΔCNS-EC mice without reaching statistical significance and delayed the onset of EAE symptoms in WT mice. In addition, blocking of ICOSL on primary mouse brain microvascular ECs impaired the adhesion of T cells in vitro. Taken together, we propose that CNS EC-ICOSL contributes to the firm adhesion of T cells to the BBB, promoting their entry into the CNS and eventually driving neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Johann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Müller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Schramm
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Ries
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schelmbauer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ilaria Palagi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian C. Assmann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mahtab A. Khan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirko H.H. Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Geert van Loo
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
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8
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Park M, Ha J, Lee Y, Choi HS, Kim BS, Jeong YK. Low-moderate dose whole-brain γ-ray irradiation modulates the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 132:175-184. [PMID: 37837733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) with single fractions below 1.0 Gy has been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. As neuroinflammation is also a major pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), RT may also be effective in PD treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of low-moderate dose RT (LMDRT, 0.6 Gy/single dose, for 5 days) exposure in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, for 5 consecutive days)-induced PD mouse model. Importantly, LMDRT reduced the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54) in the striatum region, which increased following MPTP administration. LMDRT also modulated inflammatory gene expression patterns in the substantia nigra region of the MPTP-treated mice. However, LMDRT had no direct effects on the severe loss of dopaminergic neurons and impaired motor behavior in the rotarod test. These results indicate that LMDRT has anti-inflammatory effects by modulating neuroinflammatory factors, including glial fibrillary acidic protein and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but showed no behavioral improvements or neuroprotection in the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/metabolism
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/therapeutic use
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/radiation effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/pharmacology
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/therapeutic use
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Parkinson Disease/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease/radiotherapy
- Substantia Nigra/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijeong Park
- Radiological and Medical Support Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Ha
- Radiological and Medical Support Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Lee
- Radiological and Medical Support Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon-Seong Choi
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Jeong
- Radiological and Medical Support Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Wang Y, Yu S, Li M. Neurovascular crosstalk and cerebrovascular alterations: an underestimated therapeutic target in autism spectrum disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226580. [PMID: 37692552 PMCID: PMC10491023 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal brain development, function, and aging critically depend on unique characteristics of the cerebrovascular system. Growing evidence indicated that cerebrovascular defects can have irreversible effects on the brain, and these defects have been implicated in various neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and anatomical changes. While extensive research has focused on the neural abnormalities underlying ASD, the role of brain vasculature in this disorder remains poorly understood. Indeed, the significance of cerebrovascular contributions to ASD has been consistently underestimated. In this work, we discuss the neurovascular crosstalk during embryonic development and highlight recent findings on cerebrovascular alterations in individuals with ASD. We also discuss the potential of vascular-based therapy for ASD. Collectively, these investigations demonstrate that ASD can be considered a neurovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shunyu Yu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengqian Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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10
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Copplestone D, Coates CJ, Lim J. Low dose γ-radiation induced effects on wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162742. [PMID: 36906041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella are common pests of beehives and commercial apiaries, and in more applied settings, these insects act as alternative in vivo bioassays to rodents for studying microbial virulence, antibiotic development, and toxicology. In the current study, our aim was to assess the putative adverse effects of background gamma radiation levels on G. mellonella. To achieve this, we exposed larvae to low (0.014 mGy/h), medium (0.056 mGy/h), and high (1.33 mGy/h) doses of caesium-137 and measured larval pupation events, weight, faecal discharge, susceptibility to bacterial and fungal challenges, immune cell counts, activity, and viability (i.e., haemocyte encapsulation) and melanisation levels. The effects of low and medium levels of radiation were distinguishable from the highest dose rates used - the latter insects weighed the least and pupated earlier. In general, radiation exposure modulated cellular and humoral immunity over time, with larvae showing heightened encapsulation/melanisation levels at the higher dose rates but were more susceptible to bacterial (Photorhabdus luminescens) infection. There were few signs of radiation impacts after 7 days exposure, whereas marked changes were recorded between 14 and 28 days. Our data suggest that G. mellonella demonstrates plasticity at the whole organism and cellular levels when irradiated and offers insight into how such animals may cope in radiologically contaminated environments (e.g. Chornobyl Exclusion Zone).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Copplestone
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK; Zoology, Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jenson Lim
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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11
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Lim HK, Bae S, Han K, Kang BM, Jeong Y, Kim SG, Suh M. Seizure-induced neutrophil adhesion in brain capillaries leads to a decrease in postictal cerebral blood flow. iScience 2023; 26:106655. [PMID: 37168551 PMCID: PMC10164910 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion has been proposed as a potential cause of postictal neurological dysfunction in epilepsy, but its underlying mechanism is still unclear. We show that a 30% reduction in postictal cerebral blood flow (CBF) has two contributing factors: the early hypoperfusion up to ∼30 min post-seizure was mainly induced by arteriolar constriction, while the hypoperfusion that persisted for over an hour was due to increased capillary stalling induced by neutrophil adhesion to brain capillaries, decreased red blood cell (RBC) flow accompanied by constriction of capillaries and venules, and elevated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Administration of antibodies against the neutrophil marker Ly6G and against LFA-1, which mediates adhesive interactions with ICAM-1, prevented neutrophil adhesion and recovered the prolonged CBF reductions to control levels. Our findings provide evidence that seizure-induced neutrophil adhesion to cerebral microvessels via ICAM-1 leads to prolonged postictal hypoperfusion, which may underlie neurological dysfunction in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyoung Lim
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- IMNEWRUN Inc, N Center Bldg. A 5F, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Kayoung Han
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Bok-Man Kang
- IMNEWRUN Inc, N Center Bldg. A 5F, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yoonyi Jeong
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence (IPHC), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence (IPHC), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- IMNEWRUN Inc, N Center Bldg. A 5F, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence (IPHC), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
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12
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Reviewing the Potential Links between Viral Infections and TDP-43 Proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021581. [PMID: 36675095 PMCID: PMC9867397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) was discovered in 2001 as a cellular factor capable to inhibit HIV-1 gene expression. Successively, it was brought to new life as the most prevalent RNA-binding protein involved in several neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Despite the fact that these two research areas could be considered very distant from each other, in recent years an increasing number of publications pointed out the existence of a potentially important connection. Indeed, the ability of TDP-43 to act as an important regulator of all aspects of RNA metabolism makes this protein also a critical factor during expression of viral RNAs. Here, we summarize all recent observations regarding the involvement of TDP-43 in viral entry, replication and latency in several viruses that include enteroviruses (EVs), Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), West Nile virus (WNV), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV). In particular, in this work, we aimed to highlight the presence of similarities with the most commonly studied TDP-43 related neuronal dysfunctions.
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13
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Wasiak S, Fu L, Daze E, Gilham D, Rakai BD, Stotz SC, Tsujikawa LM, Sarsons CD, Studer D, Rinker KD, Jahagirdar R, Wong NCW, Sweeney M, Johansson JO, Kulikowski E. The BET inhibitor apabetalone decreases neuroendothelial proinflammatory activation in vitro and in a mouse model of systemic inflammation. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220332. [PMID: 38222824 PMCID: PMC10787226 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain vascular inflammation is characterized by endothelial activation and immune cell recruitment to the blood vessel wall, potentially causing a breach in the blood - brain barrier, brain parenchyma inflammation, and a decline of cognitive function. The clinical-stage small molecule, apabetalone, reduces circulating vascular endothelial inflammation markers and improves cognitive scores in elderly patients by targeting epigenetic regulators of gene transcription, bromodomain and extraterminal proteins. However, the effect of apabetalone on cytokine-activated brain vascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) is unknown. Here, we show that apabetalone treatment of BMVECs reduces hallmarks of in vitro endothelial activation, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and RANTES chemokine secretion, cell surface expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1, as well as endothelial capture of THP-1 monocytes in static and shear stress conditions. Apabetalone pretreatment of THP-1 downregulates cell surface expression of chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5, and of the VCAM-1 cognate receptor, integrin α4. Consequently, apabetalone reduces THP-1 chemoattraction towards soluble CCR ligands MCP-1 and RANTES, and THP-1 adhesion to activated BMVECs. In a mouse model of brain inflammation, apabetalone counters lipopolysaccharide-induced transcription of endothelial and myeloid cell markers, consistent with decreased neuroendothelial inflammation. In conclusion, apabetalone decreases proinflammatory activation of brain endothelial cells and monocytes in vitro and in the mouse brain during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wasiak
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
| | - Emily Daze
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
| | - Dean Gilham
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
| | - Brooke D. Rakai
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
| | - Stephanie C. Stotz
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
| | - Laura M. Tsujikawa
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
| | - Chris D. Sarsons
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
| | - Deborah Studer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kristina D. Rinker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ravi Jahagirdar
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
| | - Norman C. W. Wong
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
| | - Michael Sweeney
- Resverlogix Corp., 535 Mission Street, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
| | - Jan O. Johansson
- Resverlogix Corp., 535 Mission Street, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
| | - Ewelina Kulikowski
- Resverlogix Corp., Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3e 6L1, Canada
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14
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Galoppin M, Kari S, Soldati S, Pal A, Rival M, Engelhardt B, Astier A, Thouvenot E. Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac171. [PMID: 35813882 PMCID: PMC9260308 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human samples from randomized controlled trials provide comprehensive data illustrating the pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D on the immune system. They globally result in immunomodulation by decreasing differentiation of effector T and B cells while promoting regulatory subsets. Vitamin D also modulates innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and acts at the level of the blood–brain barrier reducing immune cell trafficking. Vitamin D exerts additional activity within the central nervous system reducing microglial and astrocytic activation. The immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D detected in animal models of multiple sclerosis has suggested its potential therapeutic use for treating multiple sclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects. Based on the current knowledge, we also discuss optimization of therapeutic interventions with Vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as new technologies allowing in-depth analysis of immune cell regulations by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Galoppin
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
| | - Saniya Kari
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Arindam Pal
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Manon Rival
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
| | | | - Anne Astier
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
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15
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Ronan R, Kshirsagar A, Rebelo AL, Sunny A, Kilcoyne M, Flaherty RO, Rudd PM, Schlosser G, Saldova R, Pandit A, McMahon SS. Distinct Glycosylation Responses to Spinal Cord Injury in Regenerative and Nonregenerative Models. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1449-1466. [PMID: 35506863 PMCID: PMC9171824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in disruption of tissue integrity and loss of function. We hypothesize that glycosylation has a role in determining the occurrence of regeneration and that biomaterial treatment can influence this glycosylation response. We investigated the glycosylation response to spinal cord transection in Xenopus laevis and rat. Transected rats received an aligned collagen hydrogel. The response compared regenerative success, regenerative failure, and treatment in an established nonregenerative mammalian system. In a healthy rat spinal cord, ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) N-glycoprofiling identified complex, hybrid, and oligomannose N-glycans. Following rat SCI, complex and outer-arm fucosylated glycans decreased while oligomannose and hybrid structures increased. Sialic acid was associated with microglia/macrophages following SCI. Treatment with aligned collagen hydrogel had a minimal effect on the glycosylation response. In Xenopus, lectin histochemistry revealed increased levels of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in premetamorphic animals. The addition of GlcNAc is required for processing complex-type glycans and is a necessary foundation for additional branching. A large increase in sialic acid was observed in nonregenerative animals. This work suggests that glycosylation may influence regenerative success. In particular, loss of complex glycans in rat spinal cord may contribute to regeneration failure. Targeting the glycosylation response may be a promising strategy for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ronan
- SFI
Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- Discipline
of Anatomy, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 W5P7, Ireland
| | - Aniket Kshirsagar
- SFI
Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Ana Lúcia Rebelo
- SFI
Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Abbah Sunny
- SFI
Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Discipline
of Microbiology, National University of
Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Roisin O’ Flaherty
- Department
of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co., Kildare W23 F2H6, Ireland
- The
National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research,
and Training (NIBRT), Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- The
National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research,
and Training (NIBRT), Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
- Conway
Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04
PR94, Ireland
| | - Gerhard Schlosser
- School of
Natural Science, National University of
Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- SFI
Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- The
National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research,
and Training (NIBRT), Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
- UCD
School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin D04 PR94, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- SFI
Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Siobhan S. McMahon
- SFI
Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- Discipline
of Anatomy, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 W5P7, Ireland
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16
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Guha S, Paidi RK, Goswami S, Saha P, Biswas SC. ICAM-1 protects neurons against Amyloid-β and improves cognitive behaviors in 5xFAD mice by inhibiting NF-κB. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:194-210. [PMID: 34875346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle formation due to tau hyperphosphorylation. It has been shown that astrocytes respond to these pathologies very early and exert either beneficial or deleterious effects towards neurons. Here, we identified soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) which is rapidly increased in astrocyte conditioned medium derived from Aβ1-42 treated cultured astrocytes (Aβ1-42-ACM). Aβ1-42-ACM was found to be neuroprotective, however, Aβ1-42-ACM deprived of ICAM-1 was unable to protect neurons against Aβ1-42 mediated toxicity. Moreover, exogenous ICAM-1 renders protection to neurons from Aβ1-42 induced death. It blocks Aβ1-42-mediated PARP cleavage and increases the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and decreases pro-apoptotic protein Bim. In an Aβ-infused rat model of AD and in 5xFAD mouse, intra-peritoneal administration of ICAM-1 revealed a reduction in Aβ load in hippocampal and cortical regions. Moreover, ICAM-1 treatment led to an increment in the expression of the Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin in 5xFAD mice. Finally, we found that ICAM-1 can ameliorate cognitive deficits in Aβ-infused rat and 5xFAD mouse. Interestingly, ICAM-1 could block the NF-κB upregulation by Aβ and inhibition of NF-κB recovers cognitive impairments in 5xFAD mice. Thus, our study finds a neuroprotective role of ICAM-1 and suggests that it can be a major candidate in cytokine-mediated therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhalakshmi Guha
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Paidi
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; Current address: Department of Neurological Sciences, RUMC, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite Cohn 336, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Soumita Goswami
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Pampa Saha
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; Current address: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Subhas C Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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17
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Moser T, Hoepner L, Schwenker K, Seiberl M, Feige J, Akgün K, Haschke-Becher E, Ziemssen T, Sellner J. Cladribine Alters Immune Cell Surface Molecules for Adhesion and Costimulation: Further Insights to the Mode of Action in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113116. [PMID: 34831335 PMCID: PMC8618022 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cladribine (CLAD) is a deoxyadenosine analogue prodrug which is given in multiple sclerosis (MS) as two short oral treatment courses 12 months apart. Reconstitution of adaptive immune function following selective immune cell depletion is the presumed mode of action. In this exploratory study, we investigated the impact of CLAD tablets on immune cell surface molecules for adhesion (CAMs) and costimulation (CoSs) in people with MS (pwMS). We studied 18 pwMS who started treatment with CLAD and 10 healthy controls (HCs). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at baseline and every 3 months throughout a 24-month period. We analysed ICAM-1, LFA-1, CD28, HLADR, CD154, CD44, VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29), PSGL-1 and PD-1 with regard to their expression on B and T cells (T helper (Th) and cytotoxic T cells (cT)) and surface density (mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) by flow cytometry. The targeted analysis of CAM and CoS on the surface of immune cells in pwMS revealed a higher percentage of ICAM-1 (B cells, Th, cT), LFA-1 (B cells, cT), HLADR (B cells, cT), CD28 (cT) and CD154 (Th). In pwMS, we found lower frequencies of Th and cT cells expressing PSGL-1 and B cells for the inhibitory signal PD-1, whereas the surface expression of LFA-1 on cT and of HLADR on B cells was denser. Twenty-four months after the first CLAD cycle, the frequencies of B cells expressing CD44, CD29 and CD49d were lower compared with the baseline, together with decreased densities of ICAM-1, CD44 and HLADR. The rate of CD154 expressing Th cells dropped at 12 months. For cT, no changes were seen for frequency or density. Immune reconstitution by oral CLAD was associated with modification of the pro-migratory and -inflammatory surface patterns of CAMs and CoSs in immune cell subsets. This observation pertains primarily to B cells, which are key cells underlying MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Moser
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.F.)
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.H.); (K.A.); (T.Z.)
| | - Lena Hoepner
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.H.); (K.A.); (T.Z.)
| | - Kerstin Schwenker
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Michael Seiberl
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Julia Feige
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Katja Akgün
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.H.); (K.A.); (T.Z.)
| | | | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.H.); (K.A.); (T.Z.)
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.F.)
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 80333 München, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-2572-9004-12850; Fax: +43-2572-9004-49281
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18
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LaRocca TJ, Cavalier AN, Roberts CM, Lemieux MR, Ramesh P, Garcia MA, Link CD. Amyloid beta acts synergistically as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105493. [PMID: 34464705 PMCID: PMC8502211 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is believed to play a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. However, the natural, evolutionarily selected functions of Aβ are incompletely understood. Here, we report that nanomolar concentrations of Aβ act synergistically with known cytokines to promote pro-inflammatory activation in primary human astrocytes (a cell type increasingly implicated in brain aging and AD). Using transcriptomics (RNA-seq), we show that Aβ can directly substitute for the complement component C1q in a cytokine cocktail previously shown to induce astrocyte immune activation. Furthermore, we show that astrocytes synergistically activated by Aβ have a transcriptional signature similar to neurotoxic "A1" astrocytes known to accumulate with age and in AD. Interestingly, we find that this biological action of Aβ at low concentrations is distinct from the transcriptome changes induced by the high/supraphysiological doses of Aβ often used in in vitro studies. Collectively, our results suggest an important, cytokine-like function for Aβ and a novel mechanism by which it may directly contribute to the neuroinflammation associated with brain aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America; Department of Health and Exercise Science, Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University (Current), Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.
| | - Alyssa N Cavalier
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America; Department of Health and Exercise Science, Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University (Current), Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Christine M Roberts
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Maddie R Lemieux
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Pooja Ramesh
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Micklaus A Garcia
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Christopher D Link
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America.
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19
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Wang HC, Wang PM, Lin YT, Tsai NW, Lai YR, Kung CT, Su CM, Lu CH. Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Serum Adhesion Molecules, and Serum Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Traumatic Brain Injury. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100985. [PMID: 34683126 PMCID: PMC8541528 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serum concentrations of adhesion molecules and oxidative stress is thought to participate in the pathobiology of secondary brain injury after acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aimed to study the hypothesis that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) both improves the adhesion molecules levels and antioxidant capacity. Methods: Thirty blood samples from ten patients after acute TBI were obtained after injury and before and after HBOT. Four patients received early HBOT started two weeks after injury, four patients received late HBOT started ten weeks after injury and two patients did not receive HBOT and served as control in this study. The HBOT patients received total 30 times HBOT in six weeks period. Results: Those serum biomarkers in patients with TBI had not significantly difference in glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), soluble intercellular cell adhesion-molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) concentrations on admission between early HBOT, late HBOT, and control group (p = 0.916, p = 0.98, p = 0.306, and p = 0.548, respectively). Serum GSH levels were higher at 10 weeks after injury in the early HBOT group than in the late HBOT group and control group (mean, 1.40 μmol/L, 1.16 μmol/L, and 1.05 μmol/L, respectively). Then the serum GSH level was increased at 18 weeks after injury in the late HBOT group (mean, 1.49 μmol/L). However, there was only statistically significant difference at Weeks 18 (p = 0.916, p = 0.463, and p = 0.006, at Week 2, Week 10, and Week 18, respectively). Serum TBARS levels were decreased at 10 weeks after injury in the early HBOT group than in the late HBOT group and control group (mean, 11.21 μmol/L, 17.23 μmol/L, and 17.14 μmol/L, respectively). Then the serum TBARS level was decreased at 18 weeks after injury in the late HBOT group (mean, 12.06 μmol/L). There was statistically significant difference after HBOT (p = 0.98, p = 0.007, and p = 0.018, at Week 2, Week 10, and Week 18, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups on sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels from Week 2 to Week 18. Conclusions: HBOT can improve serum oxidative stress in patients after TBI. These molecules may be added as evaluation markers in clinical practice. Perhaps in the future it may also become part of the treatment of patients after acute traumatic brain injury. Further large-scale study may be warrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chen Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ming Wang
- Departments of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tsai Lin
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsai
- Departments of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (N.-W.T.); (Y.-R.L.)
| | - Yun-Ru Lai
- Departments of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (N.-W.T.); (Y.-R.L.)
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (C.-T.K.); (C.-M.S.)
| | - Chih-Min Su
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (C.-T.K.); (C.-M.S.)
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lu
- Departments of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (N.-W.T.); (Y.-R.L.)
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen 361126, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8011)
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20
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Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis-Essential Constituents with Diverse Multifaceted Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115904. [PMID: 34072790 PMCID: PMC8198285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), astrocytes respond to the inflammatory stimulation with an early robust process of morphological, transcriptional, biochemical, and functional remodeling. Recent studies utilizing novel technologies in samples from MS patients, and in an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), exposed the detrimental and the beneficial, in part contradictory, functions of this heterogeneous cell population. In this review, we summarize the various roles of astrocytes in recruiting immune cells to lesion sites, engendering the inflammatory loop, and inflicting tissue damage. The roles of astrocytes in suppressing excessive inflammation and promoting neuroprotection and repair processes is also discussed. The pivotal roles played by astrocytes make them an attractive therapeutic target. Improved understanding of astrocyte function and diversity, and the mechanisms by which they are regulated may lead to the development of novel approaches to selectively block astrocytic detrimental responses and/or enhance their protective properties.
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21
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Burrows K, Stewart JL, Kuplicki R, Figueroa-Hall L, Spechler PA, Zheng H, Guinjoan SM, Savitz JB, Kent Teague T, Paulus MP. Elevated peripheral inflammation is associated with attenuated striatal reward anticipation in major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:214-225. [PMID: 33508469 PMCID: PMC7979507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide, and up to 40% of individuals with MDD do not respond to current treatments. Studies suggest that peripheral inflammation plays an important role in the striatal mesolimbic dopamine pathway and corticostriatal reward circuitry in MDD. Although MDD patients show blunted striatal responses to reward, the link between degree of inflammation and attenuation of reward processing is unclear. We investigated whether MDD patients with elevated peripheral inflammation exhibit attenuated reward responses to enhance our understanding of MDD pathophysiology and develop more effective treatments for current non-responders. METHODS MDD subjects varying on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (MDD-High CRP, >3 mg/L, n = 44; MDD-Low CRP, <3 mg/L, n = 44) and healthy comparisons (HC, n = 44) completed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task and provided blood samples to measure inflammation-related markers. MDD-High and MDD-Low were propensity score-matched on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, exercise and MID task head motion. Percent change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal during anticipation of wins and losses was extracted from bilateral nucleus accumbens, dorsal caudate and dorsolateral putamen regions of interest (ROIs). A linear mixed-effects model was used to test group (MDD-High, MDD-Low and HC), condition (large-win, small-win and no win), and their interaction for these ROIs as well as whole-brain voxelwise data. Analyses also tested group differences in inflammatory mediators. Correlations were used to explore the relationship between inflammatory mediators and brain regions showing differences between MDD-High and MDD-Low. RESULTS MDD-High exhibited: (a) lower BOLD signal change in dorsal caudate, thalamus, left insula and left precuneus during anticipation of small wins than MDD-Low; and (b) higher serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations than MDD-Low and HC. MDD as a whole, regardless of CRP-based inflammation, exhibited: (a) lower precuneus BOLD signal change to large wins than HC; and (b) higher Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) concentrations than HC. Higher serum sICAM-1 concentrations were associated with lower caudate BOLD signal change to small wins only within the MDD-High group. CONCLUSION Within MDD patients, high inflammation (CRP, sICAM-1) was linked to reduced striatal activation recruited to discriminate intermediate reward magnitudes. These findings support an association between levels of peripheral inflammation and the degree of reward-related activation in individuals with MDD. REGISTRATION OF CLINICAL TRIALS The ClinicalTrials.gov identifier for the clinical protocol associated with data published in this current paper is NCT02450240, "Latent Structure of Multi-level Assessments and Predictors of Outcomes in Psychiatric Disorders."
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | | | | | - Haixia Zheng
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | | | - Jonathan B Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - T Kent Teague
- Department of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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22
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Ziliotto N, Lamberti N, Manfredini F, Straudi S, Tisato V, Carantoni M, Melloni E, Secchiero P, Basaglia N, Bernardi F, Marchetti G. Baseline and overtime variations of soluble adhesion molecule plasma concentrations are associated with mobility recovery after rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 352:577473. [PMID: 33422764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rehabilitative exercise outcomes and plasma concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules (sEndoglin, sE-Selectin, sL-Selectin, sICAM-1, sNCAM, sNCAM-1, sVCAM-1, sPECAM-1, sVAP-1) were evaluated in 60 severely disabled progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at 4-time points. Changes of sE-Selectin, sL-Selectin, and sPECAM-1 concentrations were observed over time, and their variations were significantly correlated with rehabilitative outcome variations. Baseline sVAP-1 concentrations were able to predict functional mobility recovery. Our data suggest that the evaluation of adhesion molecules in plasma provides useful information to interpret rehabilitative exercise processes and to identify potential predictors of the rehabilitation-induced changes in mobility outcomes in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ziliotto
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Specialties Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Specialties Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences/Rehabilitation, Unit of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Department of Neurosciences/Rehabilitation, Unit of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Carantoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nino Basaglia
- Department of Neurosciences/Rehabilitation, Unit of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Specialties Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Ziliotto N, Zivadinov R, Jakimovski D, Baroni M, Bergsland N, Ramasamy DP, Weinstock-Guttman B, Ramanathan M, Marchetti G, Bernardi F. Relationships Among Circulating Levels of Hemostasis Inhibitors, Chemokines, Adhesion Molecules, and MRI Characteristics in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:553616. [PMID: 33178104 PMCID: PMC7593335 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.553616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies suggested cross talk among components of hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity pathways in the pathogenesis, neurodegeneration, and occurrence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the combined contribution of the hemostasis inhibitor protein C (PC) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 18 (CCL18) levels to brain atrophy in MS and to identify disease-relevant correlations among circulating levels of hemostasis inhibitors, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, particularly in CMB occurrence in MS. Methods: Plasma levels of hemostasis inhibitors (ADAMTS13, PC, and PAI1), CCL18, and soluble adhesion molecules (sNCAM, sICAM1, sVCAM1, and sVAP1) were evaluated by multiplex in 138 MS patients [85 relapsing-remitting (RR-MS) and 53 progressive (P-MS)] and 42 healthy individuals (HI) who underwent 3-T MRI exams. Association of protein levels with MRI outcomes was performed by regression analysis. Correlations among protein levels were assessed by partial correlation and Pearson's correlation. Results: In all patients, regression analysis showed that higher PC levels were associated with lower brain volumes, including the brain parenchyma (p = 0.002), gray matter (p < 0.001), cortex (p = 0.001), deep gray matter (p = 0.001), and thalamus (p = 0.001). These associations were detectable in RR-MS but not in P-MS patients. Higher CCL18 levels were associated with higher T2-lesion volumes in all MS patients (p = 0.03) and in the P-MS (p = 0.003). In the P-MS, higher CCL18 levels were also associated with lower volumes of the gray matter (p = 0.024), cortex (p = 0.043), deep gray matter (p = 0.029), and thalamus (p = 0.022). PC-CCL18 and CCL18-PAI1 levels were positively correlated in both MS and HI, PC–sVAP1 and PAI1–sVCAM1 only in MS, and PC–sICAM1 and PC–sNCAM only in HI. In MS patients with CMBs (n = 12), CCL18–PAI1 and PAI1–sVCAM1 levels were better correlated than those in MS patients without CMBs, and a novel ADAMTS13–sVAP1 level correlation (r = 0.78, p = 0.003) was observed. Conclusions: Differences between clinical phenotype groups in association of PC and CCL18 circulating levels with MRI outcomes might be related to different aspects of neurodegeneration. Disease-related pathway dysregulation is supported by several protein level correlation differences between MS patients and HI. The integrated analysis of plasma proteins and MRI measures provide evidence for new relationships among hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity pathways, relevant for MS and for the occurrence of CMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ziliotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Clinical Translational Science Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Marcello Baroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Deepa P Ramasamy
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Clinical Translational Science Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Murali Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Giovanna Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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24
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Huang YY, Fang N, Luo HR, Gao F, Zou Y, Zhou LL, Zeng QP, Fang SS, Xiao F, Zheng Q. RP1, a RAGE antagonist peptide, can improve memory impairment and reduce Aβ plaque load in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 180:108304. [PMID: 32931813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in the production and accumulation of Aβ. RP1, a peptide antagonist of RAGE, was screened by phage display technology in our previous studies, and its neuroprotective effects on an AD cell model have been confirmed. However, its efficacy in vivo remains unclear. Here, the intranasal delivery of RP1 to APPSwe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice significantly improved memory impairment and relieved the Aβ burden by decreasing the expression of amyloid precursor protein and β-secretase. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in APP/PS1 mice after RP1 administration. Several DEGs in RAGE downstream signalling pathways were downregulated. Some transcription factors (such as Fos) and the pathways enriched in the remarkable modules may also be related to the efficacy of RP1. In conclusion, RP1 significantly improves the AD symptoms of APP/PS1 mice, and the RNA-seq results provide new ideas for elucidating the possible mechanisms of RP1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Huang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nian Fang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Ru Luo
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li-Li Zhou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shi-Song Fang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing Zheng
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Swindell WR, Bojanowski K, Chaudhuri RK. A novel fumarate, isosorbide di-(methyl fumarate) (IDMF), replicates astrocyte transcriptome responses to dimethyl fumarate (DMF) but specifically down-regulates genes linked to a reactive phenotype. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:475-481. [PMID: 32892947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has emerged as a first-line treatment for the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) subtype. It is hypothesized that DMF has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects although mechanisms are not fully understood. This study used RNA-seq to profile gene expression responses to DMF in cultured astrocytes. Responses were compared with those of isosorbide di-(methyl fumarate) (IDMF), a newly designed fumarate that may partially replicate DMF activity with fewer adverse effects. Both compounds altered the expression of MS-associated genes, including those near MS susceptibility loci and genes dysregulated in MS patient astrocytes. The shared DMF/IDMF transcriptome response involved altered expression of antioxidant genes (e.g., HMOX1) and genes linked to extracellular matrix integrity (TIMP3, MMP9) and migration of pro-inflammatory cells into CNS (CCL2). IDMF-specific transcriptome responses included down-regulation of mitotic genes associated with a proliferative reactive astrocyte phenotype (ICAM1) and repression of genes encoding NF-kappaB subunits (NFKB2, RELA, RELB) and NF-kappaB targets (NCAPG, CXCL1, OAS3). Overall, these results identify astrocyte-centered mechanisms that may contribute to the established efficacy of DMF as an RRMS treatment. Furthermore, our findings support a rationale for further studies of IDMF as a novel fumarate, which may have unique suppressive effects on astrocyte reactivity and glial scar formation. [200 words].
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Swindell
- The Jewish Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45236, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Bojanowski
- Sunny BioDiscovery Inc., Santa Paula, CA, 93060, USA; Symbionyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boonton, NJ, 07005, USA.
| | - Ratan K Chaudhuri
- Symbionyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boonton, NJ, 07005, USA; Sytheon Ltd., Boonton, NJ, 07005, USA.
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26
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Jang C, Kim J, Kwon Y, Jo SA. Telmisartan Inhibits TNFα-Induced Leukocyte Adhesion by Blocking ICAM-1 Expression in Astroglial Cells but Not in Endothelial Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:423-430. [PMID: 32782234 PMCID: PMC7457170 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telmisartan is an angiotensin-II receptor blocker and acts as a selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Several studies have demonstrated that telmisartan ameliorates depression and memory dysfunction and reduces brain inflammation. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of telmisartan on brain could be due to modulation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Here, we examined the effect of telmisartan on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) which plays an important role in leukocyte transcytosis through the BBB. Telmisartan blocked TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte adhesion in U87MG human glioma cells but showed no effect on human brain microvascular endothelial cells. In U87MG cells, a PPAR antagonist, GW9662 did not block the effect of telmisartan on ICAM1 expression but rather potentiated. Moreover, GW9662 caused no change in TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression, suggesting no implication of PPARγ in the telmisartan effect. Further studies showed that telmisartan blocked TNF-α- induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB). In contrast, inhibitors of JNK, ERK1/2 and NF-κB but not p38, blocked ICAM-1 expression induced by TNF-α. Thus, our findings suggest that the beneficial effect of telmisartan is likely due to the reduction of astrocytic ICAM1 expression and leukocytes adhesion to astrocytes, and that this response was mediated by the inhibition of JNK/ERK1/2/NF-κB activation and in the PPAR-independent manner. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanism by which telmisartan exerts the beneficial brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungjin Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsun Kwon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmee A Jo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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27
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Chiarini A, Armato U, Hu P, Dal Prà I. CaSR Antagonist (Calcilytic) NPS 2143 Hinders the Release of Neuroinflammatory IL-6, Soluble ICAM-1, RANTES, and MCP-2 from Aβ-Exposed Human Cortical Astrocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061386. [PMID: 32498476 PMCID: PMC7349863 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Available evidence shows that human cortical neurons’ and astrocytes’ calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) bind Amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomers triggering the overproduction/oversecretion of several Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neurotoxins—effects calcilytics suppress. We asked whether Aβ•CaSR signaling might also play a direct pro-neuroinflammatory role in AD. Cortical nontumorigenic adult human astrocytes (NAHAs) in vitro were untreated (controls) or treated with Aβ25–35 ± NPS 2143 (a calcilytic) and any proinflammatory agent in their protein lysates and growth media assayed via antibody arrays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and immunoblots. Results show Aβ•CaSR signaling upregulated the synthesis and release/shedding of proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (holoprotein and soluble [s] fragment), Regulated upon Activation, normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-2. Adding NPS 2143 (i) totally suppressed IL-6′s oversecretion while remarkably reducing the other agents’ over-release; and (ii) more effectively than Aβ alone increased over controls the four agents’ distinctive intracellular accumulation. Conversely, NPS 2143 did not alter Aβ-induced surges in IL-1β, IL-3, IL-8, and IL-16 secretion, consequently revealing their Aβ•CaSR signaling-independence. Finally, Aβ25–35 ± NPS 2143 treatments left unchanged MCP-1′s and TIMP-2′s basal expression. Thus, NAHAs Aβ•CaSR signaling drove four proinflammatory agents’ over-release that NPS 2143 curtailed. Therefore, calcilytics would also abate NAHAs’ Aβ•CaSR signaling direct impact on AD’s neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiarini
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Verona, Veneto, 37134 Verona, Italy; (U.A.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.D.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7646 (A.C.); +39-045-802-7161 (I.D.P)
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Verona, Veneto, 37134 Verona, Italy; (U.A.); (P.H.)
- Burns Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, University of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Verona, Veneto, 37134 Verona, Italy; (U.A.); (P.H.)
| | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Verona, Veneto, 37134 Verona, Italy; (U.A.); (P.H.)
- Burns Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, University of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.D.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7646 (A.C.); +39-045-802-7161 (I.D.P)
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28
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Chronic mild hypoxia accelerates recovery from preexisting EAE by enhancing vascular integrity and apoptosis of infiltrated monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11126-11135. [PMID: 32371484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920935117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While several studies have shown that hypoxic preconditioning suppresses development of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS), no one has yet examined the important clinically relevant question of whether mild hypoxia can impact the progression of preexisting disease. Using a relapsing-remitting model of EAE, here we demonstrate that when applied to preexisting disease, chronic mild hypoxia (CMH, 10% O2) markedly accelerates clinical recovery, leading to long-term stable reductions in clinical score. At the histological level, CMH led to significant reductions in vascular disruption, leukocyte accumulation, and demyelination. Spinal cord blood vessels of CMH-treated mice showed reduced expression of the endothelial activation molecule VCAM-1 but increased expression of the endothelial tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, key mechanisms underlying vascular integrity. Interestingly, while equal numbers of inflammatory leukocytes were present in the spinal cord at peak disease (day 14 postimmunization; i.e., 3 d after CMH started), apoptotic removal of infiltrated leukocytes during the remission phase was markedly accelerated in CMH-treated mice, as determined by increased numbers of monocytes positive for TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3. The enhanced monocyte apoptosis in CMH-treated mice was paralleled by increased numbers of HIF-1α+ monocytes, suggesting that CMH enhances monocyte removal by amplifying the hypoxic stress manifest within monocytes in acute inflammatory lesions. These data demonstrate that mild hypoxia promotes recovery from preexisting inflammatory demyelinating disease and suggest that this protection is primarily the result of enhanced vascular integrity and accelerated apoptosis of infiltrated monocytes.
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Pan J, Qu M, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Wang Y, Tang Y, Tian HL, Zhang Z, Yang GY. MicroRNA-126-3p/-5p Overexpression Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Mouse Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Stroke 2020; 51:619-627. [PMID: 31822249 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.027531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a critical pathological feature after stroke. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) maintains BBB integrity by regulating endothelial cell function during development. However, the role of miR-126-3p and -5p in BBB integrity after stroke is unclear. Here, we investigated whether miR-126-3p and -5p overexpression regulates BBB integrity after cerebral ischemia.
Methods—
A lentivirus carrying genes encoding miR-126-3p or -5p was stereotactically injected into adult male Institute of Cancer Research mouse brains (n=36). Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed 2 weeks after virus injection. Brain infarct volume, edema volume, and modified neurological severity score were assessed at 1 and 3 days after ischemia. Immunostaining of ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1) and occludin was used to evaluate BBB integrity. IL-1β (interleukin-1β), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), and E-selectin expression levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.
Results—
The expression of miR-126-3p and -5p decreased at 1 and 3 days after ischemia (
P
<0.05). Injection of lentiviral miR-126-3p or -5p reduced brain infarct volume and edema volume (
P
<0.05) and attenuated the decrease in ZO-1/occludin protein levels and IgG leakage at 3 days after stroke (
P
<0.05). Injection of lentiviral miR-126-5p improved behavioral outcomes at 3 days after stroke (
P
<0.05). miR-126-3p and -5p overexpression downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and E-selectin, as well as decreased MPO
+
(myeloperoxidase positive) cell numbers at 3 days after ischemia (
P
<0.05).
Conclusions—
miR-126-3p and -5p overexpression reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, and attenuated BBB disruption after ischemic stroke, suggesting that miR-126-3p and -5p are new therapeutic targets in the acute stage of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Pan
- From the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering (J.P., M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Meijie Qu
- From the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering (J.P., M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- From the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering (J.P., M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Liping Wang
- From the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering (J.P., M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- From the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering (J.P., M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- From the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering (J.P., M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- From the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering (J.P., M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital (H.-L.T.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- From the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering (J.P., M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- From the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering (J.P., M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (M.Q., Y.L., L.W., L.Z., Y.W., Y.T., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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Müller N. The Role of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in the Pathogenesis of Psychiatric Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1251. [PMID: 31824303 PMCID: PMC6883971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in many pathological states. Although, like many other immune molecules, ICAM-1 plays only a limited role in the abundant concert of the immune response, it may be more important than we realize. In the central nervous system (CNS), ICAM-1 is expressed in microglial cells and astrocytes and in endothelial cells in the white and gray matter of the human forebrain. It is of particular interest in psychiatric disorders for two reasons: It has a key function for the blood-brain barrier, which plays an important role in the biology of psychiatric disorders, and it is a marker for inflammation. Although the blood level of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) might be lower in acute unmedicated schizophrenia, it has been reported to be increased in many other psychiatric conditions, such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia. In bipolar disorder, high sICAM levels were found during both the depressed and the manic states and also during the euthymic phase (the free interval), possibly indicating that sICAM is a trait marker. High sICAM-1 blood levels have also been found in depression comorbid to a somatic disease state. Interestingly, sICAM-1 levels also increase during aging. Some studies investigated sICAM-1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of psychiatric disorders and ICAM-1 expression in postmortem CNS tissue of psychiatric patients and found that the overall duration and duration of the chronic phase of the psychiatric disorder seem to play a role in both. Moreover, confounders, such as antipsychotic and antidepressive medication, have to be considered. sICAM-1 levels seem to be associated with hypopermeability or hyperpermeability of the blood-brain barrier and thus to influence the communication between the CNS immune system, represented by glia cells, and the peripheral immune system. The balance between the influx and efflux of immune molecules into and out of the CNS may be one of the pinpoints in psychiatric disorders, in particular in the chronic phase, e.g., in schizophrenia. This aspect, however, needs further intense research, in particular to enable researchers to develop therapeutic principles based on an immune/inflammatory approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
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31
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Yu X, Shang H, Jiang Y. ICAM-1 in HIV infection and underlying mechanisms. Cytokine 2019; 125:154830. [PMID: 31491723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a glycoprotein that participates in inflammatory and immune responses. Both cell surface and soluble ICAM-1 are significantly increased during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and ICAM-1 has important functions in promoting inflammatory responses and enhancing HIV infectivity; however, a comprehensive summary these roles has yet to be elaborated. In this review we describe the general biological characteristics of ICAM-1, its association with HIV disease progression and promotion of HIV production, mechanisms inducing upregulation of ICAM-1, and possible intervention strategies, representing important insights in the context of HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Wang H, Yin Y, Gong D, Hong L, Wu G, Jiang Q, Wang C, Blinder P, Long S, Han F, Lu Y. Cathepsin B inhibition ameliorates leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in the BTBR mouse model of autism. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:476-485. [PMID: 30328295 PMCID: PMC6488924 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders involving deficits in social interaction and communication. Unfortunately, autism remains a scientific and clinical challenge owing to the lack of understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism underlying leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in autism-related neurovascular inflammation. METHODS Male BTBR T+tf/J mice were used as an autism model. The dynamic pattern of leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in mouse cerebral vessels was detected by two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). Using FACS, RT-PCR, and Western blotting, we explored the expression of cell adhesion molecules, the mRNA expression of endothelial chemokine, the protein levels of cathepsin B, and inflammatory mediators. RESULTS We found a significant increase in leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in BTBR mice, accompanied by elevated expression of the adhesion molecule neutrophils CD11b and endothelial ICAM-1. Our data further indicate that elevated neutrophil cathepsin B levels contribute to elevated endothelial chemokine CXCL7 levels in BTBR mice. The pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin B reverses the enhanced leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in the cerebral vessels of autistic mice. CONCLUSION Our results revealed the prominent role of cathepsin B in modulating leukocyte-endothelial adhesion during autism-related neurovascular inflammation and identified a promising novel approach for autism treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research, College of Life Science and TechnologyDalian UniversityDalianChina
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yi‐Xuan Yin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Dong‐Mei Gong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Ling‐Juan Hong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Gang Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Quan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Cheng‐Kun Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Pablo Blinder
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Sagol School for NeuroscienceTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Sen Long
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou No.7 People's HospitalMental Health Center Zhejiang University school of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Feng Han
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying‐Mei Lu
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
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33
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Hlavac N, VandeVord PJ. Astrocyte Mechano-Activation by High-Rate Overpressure Involves Alterations in Structural and Junctional Proteins. Front Neurol 2019; 10:99. [PMID: 30853931 PMCID: PMC6395392 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary blast neurotrauma represents a unique injury paradigm characterized by high-rate overpressure effects on brain tissue. One major hallmark of blast neurotrauma is glial reactivity, notably prolonged astrocyte activation. This cellular response has been mainly defined in primary blast neurotrauma by increased intermediate filament expression. Because the intermediate filament networks physically interface with transmembrane proteins for junctional support, it was hypothesized that cell junction regulation is altered in the reactive phenotype as well. This would have implications for downstream transcriptional regulation via signal transduction pathways like nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Therefore, a custom high-rate overpressure simulator was built for in vitro testing using mechanical conditions based on intracranial pressure measurements in a rat model of blast neurotrauma. Primary rat astrocytes were exposed to isolated high-rate mechanical stimulation to study cell junction dynamics in relation to their mechano-activation. First, a time course for "classical" features of reactivity was devised by evaluation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. This was followed by gene and protein expression for both gap junction (connexins) and anchoring junction proteins (integrins and cadherins). Signal transduction analysis was carried out by nuclear localization of two molecules, NF-κB p65 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38. Results indicated significant increases in connexin-43 expression and PCNA first at 24 h post-overpressure (p < 0.05), followed by structural reactivity (via increased GFAP, p < 0.05) corresponding to increased anchoring junction dynamics at 48 h post-overpressure (p < 0.05). Moreover, increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was observed in addition to increased nuclear localization of both p65 and p38 (p < 0.05) during the period of structural reactivity. To evaluate the transcriptional activity of p65 in the nucleus, electrophoretic mobility shift assay was conducted for a binding site on the promoter region for intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an antagonist of tight junctions. A significant increase in the interaction of nuclear proteins with the NF-κB site on the ICAM-1 corresponded to increased gene and protein expression of ICAM-1 (p < 0.05). Altogether, these results indicate multiple targets and corresponding signaling pathways which involve cell junction dynamics in the mechano-activation of astrocytes following high-rate overpressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hlavac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Pamela J VandeVord
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Research, Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA, United States
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Correale J, Marrodan M, Ysrraelit MC. Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration and Axonal Dysfunction in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7010014. [PMID: 30791637 PMCID: PMC6466454 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a major cause of neurological disability, which increases predominantly during disease progression as a result of cortical and grey matter structures involvement. The gradual accumulation of disability characteristic of the disease seems to also result from a different set of mechanisms, including in particular immune reactions confined to the Central Nervous System such as: (a) B-cell dysregulation, (b) CD8+ T cells causing demyelination or axonal/neuronal damage, and (c) microglial cell activation associated with neuritic transection found in cortical demyelinating lesions. Other potential drivers of neurodegeneration are generation of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species, and mitochondrial damage, inducing impaired energy production, and intra-axonal accumulation of Ca2+, which in turn activates a variety of catabolic enzymes ultimately leading to progressive proteolytic degradation of cytoskeleton proteins. Loss of axon energy provided by oligodendrocytes determines further axonal degeneration and neuronal loss. Clearly, these different mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and could act in combination. Given the multifactorial pathophysiology of progressive MS, many potential therapeutic targets could be investigated in the future. This remains however, an objective that has yet to be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Correale
- Department of Neurology, FLENI, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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Halder SK, Kant R, Milner R. Hypoxic pre-conditioning suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modifying multiple properties of blood vessels. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:86. [PMID: 30176931 PMCID: PMC6122733 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While hypoxic pre-conditioning protects against neurological disease the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully defined. As chronic mild hypoxia (CMH, 10% O2) triggers profound vascular remodeling in the central nervous system (CNS), the goal of this study was to examine the protective potential of hypoxic pre-conditioning in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and then determine how CMH influences vascular integrity and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms during EAE. We found that mice exposed to CMH at the same time as EAE induction were strongly protected against the development of EAE progression, as assessed both at the clinical level and at the histopathological level by reduced levels of inflammatory leukocyte infiltration, vascular breakdown and demyelination. Mechanistically, our studies indicate that CMH protects, at least in part, by enhancing several properties of blood vessels that contribute to vascular integrity, including reduced expression of the endothelial activation molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, maintained expression of endothelial tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, and upregulated expression of the leukocyte inhibitory protein laminin-111 in the vascular basement membrane. Taken together, these data suggest that optimization of BBB integrity is an important mechanism underlying the protective effect of hypoxic pre-conditioning.
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Janelidze S, Mattsson N, Stomrud E, Lindberg O, Palmqvist S, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hansson O. CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction in early Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2018; 91:e867-e877. [PMID: 30054439 PMCID: PMC6133624 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure CSF levels of biomarkers reflecting microglia and astrocytes activation, neuroinflammation, and cerebrovascular changes and study their associations with the core biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology (β-amyloid [Aβ] and tau), structural imaging correlates, and clinical disease progression over time. METHODS The study included cognitively unimpaired elderly (n = 508), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 256), and patients with AD dementia (n = 57) from the longitudinal Swedish BioFINDER cohort. CSF samples were analyzed for YKL-40, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IP-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), placental growth factor, and fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1). MRI data were available from 677 study participants. Longitudinal clinical assessments were conducted in control individuals and patients with MCI (mean follow-up 3 years, range 1-6 years). RESULTS CSF levels of YKL-40, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-15, and Flt-1 were increased during the preclinical, prodromal, and dementia stages of AD. High levels of these biomarkers were associated with increased CSF levels of total tau, with the associations, especially for YKL-40, being stronger in Aβ-positive individuals. The results were similar for associations between phosphorylated tau and YKL-40, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. High levels of the biomarkers were also associated with cortical thinning (primarily in the precuneus and superior parietal regions) and with subsequent cognitive deterioration in patients without dementia as measured with Mini-Mental State Examination (YKL-40) and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (YKL-40, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and IL-15). Finally, higher levels of CSF YKL-40, ICAM-1, and Flt-1 increased risk of development of AD dementia in patients without dementia. CONCLUSIONS Neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction are early events occurring already at presymptomatic stages of AD and contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorena Janelidze
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (S.J., N.M., E.S., O.L., S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University; Department of Neurology (N.M., S.P.) and Memory Clinic (E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (S.J., N.M., E.S., O.L., S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University; Department of Neurology (N.M., S.P.) and Memory Clinic (E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London
| | - Erik Stomrud
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (S.J., N.M., E.S., O.L., S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University; Department of Neurology (N.M., S.P.) and Memory Clinic (E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London
| | - Olof Lindberg
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (S.J., N.M., E.S., O.L., S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University; Department of Neurology (N.M., S.P.) and Memory Clinic (E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (S.J., N.M., E.S., O.L., S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University; Department of Neurology (N.M., S.P.) and Memory Clinic (E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (S.J., N.M., E.S., O.L., S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University; Department of Neurology (N.M., S.P.) and Memory Clinic (E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London
| | - Kaj Blennow
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (S.J., N.M., E.S., O.L., S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University; Department of Neurology (N.M., S.P.) and Memory Clinic (E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London
| | - Oskar Hansson
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (S.J., N.M., E.S., O.L., S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University; Department of Neurology (N.M., S.P.) and Memory Clinic (E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London.
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Malignant invasion of the central nervous system: the hidden face of a poorly understood outcome of prostate cancer. World J Urol 2018; 36:2009-2019. [PMID: 29980839 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancies of the central nervous system include primary brain tumors and brain metastases, the latter being the major cause of intracranial neoplasms in adults. Although prostate cancer (PCa) brain metastases are not the most common source, recent data show that the relevance of prostate cancer brain metastases (PCBM) cannot be neglected. In this review, we focus on the molecular repertory as well as on the phenotypical similarities between PCBM and primary PCa, such as the cellular evolution and the maintenance of androgen-receptor expression. Moreover, the simultaneous occurrence of PCBM with other PCa metastatic sites and the significance of the clinical heterogeneity of the disease are also discussed. In addition, a potential relationship between the heterogeneous behavior exhibited by PCBM and the co-occurrence of malignant cell clusters with distinct genetic profiles is also hypothesized, as well as the prominent role of astrocytes in the establishment of PCBM.
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Abstract
The role traditionally assigned to astrocytes in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions has been the formation of the glial scar once inflammation has subsided. Astrocytes are now recognized to be early and highly active players during lesion formation and key for providing peripheral immune cells access to the central nervous system. Here, we review the role of astrocytes in the formation and evolution of MS lesions, including the recently described functional polarization of astrocytes, discuss prototypical pathways for astrocyte activation, and summarize mechanisms by which MS treatments affect astrocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Ponath
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Calvin Park
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David Pitt
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Bajnok A, Berta L, Orbán C, Veres G, Zádori D, Barta H, Méder Ü, Vécsei L, Tulassay T, Szabó M, Toldi G. Distinct cytokine patterns may regulate the severity of neonatal asphyxia-an observational study. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:244. [PMID: 29233180 PMCID: PMC5727967 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and a systemic inflammatory reaction are important features of perinatal asphyxia. Neuroinflammation may have dual aspects being a hindrance, but also a significant help in the recovery of the CNS. We aimed to assess intracellular cytokine levels of T-lymphocytes and plasma cytokine levels in moderate and severe asphyxia in order to identify players of the inflammatory response that may influence patient outcome. METHODS We analyzed the data of 28 term neonates requiring moderate systemic hypothermia in a single-center observational study. Blood samples were collected between 3 and 6 h of life, at 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 1 month of life. Neonates were divided into a moderate (n = 17) and a severe (n = 11) group based on neuroradiological and amplitude-integrated EEG characteristics. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed with flow cytometry. Cytokine plasma levels were measured using Bioplex immunoassays. Components of the kynurenine pathway were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The prevalence and extravasation of IL-1b + CD4 cells were higher in severe than in moderate asphyxia at 6 h. Based on Receiver operator curve analysis, the assessment of the prevalence of CD4+ IL-1β+ and CD4+ IL-1β+ CD49d+ cells at 6 h appears to be able to predict the severity of the insult at an early stage in asphyxia. Intracellular levels of TNF-α in CD4 cells were increased at all time points compared to 6 h in both groups. At 1 month, intracellular levels of TNF-α were higher in the severe group. Plasma IL-6 levels were higher at 1 week in the severe group and decreased by 1 month in the moderate group. Intracellular levels of IL-6 peaked at 24 h in both groups. Intracellular TGF-β levels were increased from 24 h onwards in the moderate group. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β and IL-6 appear to play a key role in the early events of the inflammatory response, while TNF-α seems to be responsible for prolonged neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to a worse outcome. The assessment of the prevalence of CD4+ IL-1β+ and CD4+ IL-1β+ CD49d+ cells at 6 h appears to be able to predict the severity of the insult at an early stage in asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bajnok
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Baross str. 27, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.,First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - László Berta
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Csaba Orbán
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veres
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis str. 6, 5th floor, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dénes Zádori
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis str. 6, 5th floor, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Barta
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Ünőke Méder
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis str. 6, 5th floor, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tivadar Tulassay
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary.,MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Szabó
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary.,MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Toldi
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Baross str. 27, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary. .,First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary. .,Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Neonatal Unit, Birmingham, UK.
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Ku WC, Chang YL, Wu SF, Shih HN, Tzeng YM, Kuo HR, Chang KM, Agrawal DC, Liu BL, Chang CA, Huang S, Lee MJ. A comparative proteomic study of secretomes in kaempferitrin-treated CTX TNA2 astrocytic cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 36:137-144. [PMID: 29157807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kaempferitrin is extracted in significantly high quantities from the leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum (C.O) and Bauhinia forficata, and are used as an antidiabetic herbal remedy in China and Brazil. Commercial product using dry Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaves has been sold locally in Taiwan. Oral administration of kaempferitrin reduced blood sugar in diabetic rats. AIM OF THE STUDY Though previously demonstrated to activate the classical insulin signaling pathways, a mechanism for kaempferitrin is still not fully understood. Also, studies on kaempferitrin on immune related cells have been inconclusive, and people consuming extract containing kaempferitrin often happen to be at high risk of diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, for kaempferitrin to be used every day, a comprehensive study is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Astrocytic cell line was used as a model to test the differentially regulated secretomes, to test kaempferitrin effect on CNS glia, on pro-inflammatory cytokines, and to test how different the mechanism of kaempferitrin is from that of insulin. CTX TNA2 astrocytic cells were differentially treated with and without 10 µM kaempferitrin for 24 h, and the conditioned medium was collected. For the proteomic study, protein in conditioned medium was trypsin digested, and resulting peptides in kaempferitrin/non-treated sample pair were differentially dimethyl labeled. The labeled peptides were further fractionated by StageTip-based strong-exchange method before LC-MS/MS analyses. Levels of interesting proteins were verified using Western or Eliza. C.O. leaf crude extract treated samples were included for a comparison of effects of purified kaempferitrin vs. kaempferitrin containing crude extract. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Data were obtained via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002814. It was found that no pro-inflammatory cytokines or inhibitory ECM were elevated upon treatment of kaempferitrin or a crude extract of C.O. leaves. This suggests that prolonged use of kaempferitrin containing herbs may not increase pro-inflammatory reaction. LDL-R trafficking between the cell membrane and the extracellular niche was regulated by kaempferitrin toward reduced secretion. Our proteomic study also demonstrated that molecules related to plasma membrane recycling were regulated by kaempferitrin. Our discoveries provide evidence that link kaempferitrin regulation for LDL-R and membrane recycling to the blood lipid regulation by the C.O. leaves extract. However, these proteins were differently regulated when cells were treated with crude extract. This demonstrates that the molecular interactions within crude extract of herbs are complex and may not act similar to the compound purified from the crude extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chi Ku
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fa Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifong East Road, Wufong, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Nung Shih
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifong East Road, Wufong, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
| | - Yew-Min Tzeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifong East Road, Wufong, Taichung 41349, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Kuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifong East Road, Wufong, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ming Chang
- Department of Research, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dinesh Chandra Agrawal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifong East Road, Wufong, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Lan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifong East Road, Wufong, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
| | - Chin-An Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifong East Road, Wufong, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
| | - Siendong Huang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jen Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifong East Road, Wufong, Taichung 41349, Taiwan.
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Huang J, Han S, Sun Q, Zhao Y, Liu J, Yuan X, Mao W, Peng B, Liu W, Yin J, He X. Kv1.3 channel blocker (ImKTx88) maintains blood-brain barrier in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:31. [PMID: 28596825 PMCID: PMC5463463 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and subsequent infiltration of auto-reactive T lymphocytes are major characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Kv1.3 channel blockers are demonstrated potential therapeutic effects on MS patients and EAE models, maybe via reducing activation of T cells. However, it remains to be explored whether Kv1.3 channel blockers maintain integrity of BBB in MS model. RESULTS In this study, ImKTx88, a highly selective Kv1.3 channel blocker, was used to determine the role of Kv1.3 channel in the pathogenesis of EAE, particularly in the maintenance of BBB. ImKTx88 ameliorated pathological severity in the EAE rats, and reduced extravasation into CNS. ImKTx88 also ameliorated the severity of loss or redistribution of tight junction proteins, and inhibited over-expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the brain from EAE rats. Furthermore ImKTx88 protection was associated with activation of Ang-1/Tie-2 axis, and might be due to decreased IL-17 production. CONCLUSIONS ImKTx88 may be a novel therapeutic agent for MS treatment by stabilizing the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yipeng Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Junchen Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Xiaolu Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Wenqian Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Biwen Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
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Blood-brain barrier dysfunction induced by silica NPs in vitro and in vivo : Involvement of oxidative stress and Rho-kinase/JNK signaling pathways. Biomaterials 2017; 121:64-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Immune Regulation of Antibody Access to Neuronal Tissues. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:227-245. [PMID: 28185790 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in how the innate and adaptive immune systems control the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-nerve barrier (BNB). Interferons and TAM receptors play key roles in innate immune control of the BBB. Cells of the adaptive immune system, particularly CD4+ T cells, take distinct routes to enter neural tissues and mediate immune surveillance. Furthermore, T cell-mediated opening of the BBB and the BNB is crucial to allow antibody access and thereby block the replication of neurotropic viruses. Such novel insights gained from basic research provide key foundations for future design of therapeutic strategies - enabling antibody access to the brain may be key to cancer immunotherapy and to the use of vaccines against neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Davydovskaya MV, Khachanova NV, Evdoshenko EP, Pronin IN, Boiko AN, Zakharova MN, Alifirova VM, Turova EA, Malkova NA, Sivertseva SA, Tsukurova LA, Skoromets AA, Solodun IY. [Recommendations on the algorithms for drug choice and risk management plan in the treatment of patients with remitting multiple sclerosis with natalizumab]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 116:79-97. [PMID: 28139616 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201611610279-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M V Davydovskaya
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Center of Coordination and Clinical Examination of Medical Drugs, Moscow Department of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Khachanova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Center of Coordination and Clinical Examination of Medical Drugs, Moscow Department of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - E P Evdoshenko
- Center of Coordination and Clinical Examination of Medical Drugs, Moscow Department of Public Health, Moscow, Russia; City Center of Multiple Sclerosis And Autoimmune Diseases at Hospital #31, Moscow, Russia
| | - I N Pronin
- Burdenko Research Institute of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Boiko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - E A Turova
- Siberian Regional Hospital #1, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - N A Malkova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - L A Tsukurova
- Research Institute - Ochapovsky Regional Hospital #1, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - A A Skoromets
- Pavlov St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I Yu Solodun
- Center of Coordination and Clinical Examination of Medical Drugs, Moscow Department of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
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Kharwar N, Prasad K, Singh K, Paliwal V, Modi D. Polymorphisms of IL-17 and ICAM-1 and their expression in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:680-687. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1231186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.K. Kharwar
- 1Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - K.N. Prasad
- 1Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - K. Singh
- 1Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - V.K. Paliwal
- 2Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - D.R. Modi
- 3Department of Biotechnology, Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedaker University, Lucknow, India
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Gao AS, Du H, Gao Q, Wang YJ, Wang XY, Liu JW, Lu B. Tong Luo Jiu Nao, a Chinese Medicine Formula, Reduces Inflammatory Stress in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2016; 31:413-21. [PMID: 26993489 PMCID: PMC10852978 DOI: 10.1177/1533317515628051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to extend the molecular mechanism of Tong Luo Jiu Nao (TLJN) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a modern Chinese formula that has been used to treat AD. METHODS The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain (SAMP8) is one of the most appropriate models to study the mechanism that underlies AD. The levels of plasma amyloid β (Aβ) and the Aβ deposits were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Immunoblotting was used to observe the effect of TLJN on inflammatory mediator expression in an senescence-accelerated mouse model of AD. RESULTS Our data showed that the TLJN-treated groups exhibited a reduction in plasma Aβ levels and reduced Aβ expression. Moreover, TLJN effectively attenuated Aβ-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinases and blocked changes in inflammatory mediator expression. CONCLUSION These data suggest that TLJN might have protective effects and could potentially act to attenuate inflammatory stress in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-She Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China School of Basic Medicine, Hena university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jin Shui District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Du
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Jing Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xie-Yan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hena university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jin Shui District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China
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Şimşek Ş, Çetin İ, Çim A, Kaya S. Elevated levels of tissue plasminogen activator and E-selectin in male children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2016; 9:1241-1247. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Şeref Şimşek
- Department of Child Psychiatry; Dicle University, Medical School; Diyarbakır Turkey
| | - İhsan Çetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Batman University, School of Health Sciences; Batman Turkey
| | - Abdullah Çim
- Department of Medical Genetics; Dicle University, Medical School; Diyarbakır Turkey
| | - Savaş Kaya
- Department of Immunology; Dicle University, Medical School; Diyarbakır Turkey
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Lin WC, Huang CC, Chen HL, Chou KH, Chen PC, Tsai NW, Chen MH, Friedman M, Lin HC, Lu CH. Longitudinal brain structural alterations and systemic inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea before and after surgical treatment. J Transl Med 2016; 14:139. [PMID: 27188598 PMCID: PMC4901987 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammation, neurocognitive impairments, and morphologic brain changes are associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Understanding their longitudinal evolution and interactions after surgical treatment provides clues to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and its reversibility. In the present study, we investigate clinical disease severity, systemic inflammation, cognitive deficits, and corresponding gray matter volume (GMV) changes in OSA, and the modifications following surgery. Methods Twenty-one patients with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index, AHI > 5) and 15 healthy volunteers (AHI < 5) underwent serial evaluation, including polysomnography, flow cytometry for leukocyte apoptosis categorization, cognitive function evaluation, and high-resolution brain scan. Disease severity, leukocyte apoptosis, cognitive function, and imaging data were collected to assess therapeutic efficacy 3 months after surgery. Results Pre-operatively, patients presented with worse cognitive function, worse polysomnography scores, and higher early leukocyte apoptosis associated with increased insular GMV. There was reduced GMV in the anterior cingulate gyrus before and after surgery in the cases compared to that in controls, suggesting an irreversible structural deficit. Post-operatively, there were significant improvements in different cognitive domains, including attention, executive and visuospatial function, and depression, and in early leukocyte apoptosis. There was also a significant decrease in GMVs after treatment, suggesting recovery from vasogenic edema in the precuneus, insula, and cerebellum. Improvement in early leukocyte apoptosis post-surgery predicted better recovery of precuneus GMV. Conclusions In OSA, increased disease severity and systemic inflammation can alter GMV in vulnerable regions. Surgical treatment may improve disease severity and systemic inflammation, with subsequent recovery in brain structures and functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0887-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Che Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Chou
- Department of Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chin Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Friedman
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Advanced Center for Specialty Care, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hsin-Ching Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Büyüktimkin B, Stewart J, Tabanor K, Kiptoo P, Siahaan TJ. Protein and Peptide Conjugates for Targeting Therapeutics and Diagnostics to Specific Cells. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118833322.ch20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Luo X, Wang X, Xia Z, Chung SK, Cheung CW. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis: an emerging neuromodulator in pathological pain. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:83-92. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe roles of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) reveal this chemokine axis as an emerging neuromodulator in the nervous system. In the peripheral and central nervous systems, both CXCL12 and CXCR4 are expressed in various kinds of nociceptive structures, and CXCL12/CXCR4 axis possesses pronociceptive property. Recent studies have demonstrated its critical roles in the development and maintenance of pathological pain, and both neuronal and glial mechanisms are involved in this CXCL12/CXCR4 axis-mediated pain processing. In this review, we summarize the recent development of the roles and mechanisms of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the pathogenesis of chronic pain by sciatic nerve injury, human immunodeficiency virus-associated sensory neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, spinal cord injury, bone cancer, opioid tolerance, or opioid-induced hyperalgesia. The potential targeting of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as an effective and broad-spectrum pharmacological approach for chronic pain therapy was also discussed.
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