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Stewart JL, Burrows K, May AC, McNaughton BA, Smith R, Kuplicki R, Paulus MP, Figueroa-Hall L. C-reactive protein concentrations diverge as a function of substance use disorder: A pre-registered replication in a clinical sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 260:111323. [PMID: 38733735 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory biomarkers may differentiate clinical disorders, which could lead to more targeted interventions. Analyses within a clinical sample (May et al., 2021) revealed that females with substance use disorders (SUD) exhibited lower C-reactive protein (CRP) and higher interleukin (IL)-8 and -10 concentrations than females without SUD who met criteria for mood/anxiety disorders. We aimed to replicate these findings in a new sample. METHODS Hypotheses and analyses were preregistered. Treatment-seeking individuals with mood/anxiety disorders and/or SUD (N = 184) completed a blood draw, clinical interview, and questionnaires. Participants were categorized as SUD+ (45F, 43M) and SUD- (78F, 18M). Principal component analysis (PCA) of questionnaire data resulted in two factors reflecting appetitive and aversive emotional states. SUD group and nuisance covariates (PCA factors, age, body mass index [BMI], medication, nicotine [and hormones in females]) predicted biomarker concentrations (CRP, IL-8, and IL-10) in regressions. RESULTS In females, the omnibus CRP model [F(8, 114) = 8.02, p <.001, R²-adjusted =.32] indicated that SUD+ exhibited lower CRP concentrations than SUD- (β = -.33, t = -3.09, p =.002, 95% CI [-.54, -.12]) and greater BMI was associated with higher CRP levels (β =.58, t = 7.17, p <.001, 95% CI [.42,.74]). SUD+ exhibited higher IL-8 levels than SUD- in simple but not omnibus regression models. CONCLUSION Findings across two samples bolster confidence that females with SUD show attenuated CRP-indexed inflammation. As SUD+ comorbidity was high, replication is warranted with respect to specific SUD classes (i.e., stimulants versus cannabis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | | | - April C May
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Ryan Smith
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Leandra Figueroa-Hall
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Munshi S, Alarbi A, Zheng H, Kuplicki R, Burrows K, Figueroa-Hall L, Victor T, Aupperle R, Khalsa S, Paulus M, Teague TK, Savitz J. Increased expression of ER stress, inflammasome activation, and mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in major depressive disorder. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3564760. [PMID: 38260352 PMCID: PMC10802690 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3564760/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A subset of major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by immune system dysfunction, but the intracellular origin of these immune changes remains unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that abnormalities in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammasome activity and mitochondrial biogenesis contribute to the development of systemic inflammation in MDD. RT-qPCR was used to measure mRNA expression of key organellar genes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 186 MDD and 67 healthy control (HC) subjects. The comparative CT (2-ΔΔCT) method was applied to quantify mRNA expression using GAPDH as the reference gene. After controlling for age, sex, BMI, and medication status using linear regression models, expression of the inflammasome (NLRC4 and NLRP3) and the ER stress (XBP1u, XBP1s, and ATF4) genes was found to be significantly increased in the MDD versus the HC group. After excluding outliers, expression of the inflammasome genes was no longer statistically significant but expression of the ER stress genes (XBP1u, XBP1s, and ATF4) and the mitochondrial biogenesis gene, MFN2, was significantly increased in the MDD group. ASC and MFN2 were positively correlated with serum C-reactive protein concentrations. The altered expression of inflammasome activation, ER stress, and mitochondrial biogenesis pathway components suggest that dysfunction of these organelles may play a role in the pathogenesis of MDD.
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Burrows K, Figueroa-Hall L, Stewart J, Alarbi A, Kuplicki R, Hannafon B, Tan C, Risbrough V, McKinney B, Ramesh R, Victor T, Aupperle R, Savitz J, Teague K, Khalsa S, Paulus M. Exploring the role of neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle miR-93 and interoception in major depressive disorder. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2813878. [PMID: 37398092 PMCID: PMC10312986 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2813878/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive processing dysfunctions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are poorly understood. This study combined brain Neuronal-Enriched Extracellular Vesicle (NEEV) technology and serum markers of inflammation and metabolism with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to identify the contribution of gene regulatory pathways, in particular micro-RNA (miR) 93, to interoceptive dysfunction in MDD. Individuals with MDD (n = 44) and healthy comparisons (HC; n = 35) provided blood samples and completed an interoceptive attention task during fMRI. EVs were separated from plasma using a precipitation method. NEEVs were enriched by magnetic streptavidin bead immunocapture utilizing a neural adhesion marker (CD171) biotinylated antibody. NEEV specificities were confirmed by ow cytometry, western blot, particle size analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. NEEV small RNAs were purified and sequenced. Results showed that: (1) MDD exhibited lower NEEV miR-93 expression than HC; (2) within MDD but not HC, those individuals with the lowest NEEV miR-93 expression had the highest serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and leptin; and (3) within HC but not MDD, those participants with the highest miR-93 expression showed the strongest bilateral dorsal mid-insula activation. Since miR-93 is regulated by stress and affects epigenetic modulation by chromatin reorganization, these results suggest that healthy individuals but not MDD participants show an adaptive epigenetic regulation of insular function during interoceptive processing. Future investigations will need to delineate how specific internal and external environmental conditions contribute to miR-93 expression in MDD and what molecular mechanisms alter brain responsivity to body-relevant signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kent Teague
- University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine
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Thomas M, Savitz J, Zhang Y, Burrows K, Smith R, Figueroa-Hall L, Kuplicki R, Khalsa SS, Taki Y, Teague TK, Irwin MR, Yeh FC, Paulus MP, Zheng H. Elevated Systemic Inflammation Is Associated with Reduced Corticolimbic White Matter Integrity in Depression. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:43. [PMID: 35054436 PMCID: PMC8778940 DOI: 10.3390/life12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Growing evidence indicates that inflammation can induce neural circuit dysfunction and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, whether inflammation affects the integrity of white matter pathways is only beginning to be explored. (2) Methods: We computed quantitative anisotropy (QA) from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging as an index of white matter integrity and regressed QA on C-reactive protein (CRP), controlling for age, sex, and BMI, in 176 participants with MDD. (3) Results: The QA values of several white matter tracts were negatively correlated with CRP concentration (standardized beta coefficient = -0.22, 95%CI = -0.38--0.06, FDR < 0.05). These tracts included the bilateral cortico-striatal tracts, thalamic radiations, inferior longitudinal fasciculi, corpus callosum (the forceps minor portion and the tapetum portion), cingulum bundles, and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus III. Importantly, the association remained robust after regressing up to twelve potential confounders. The bilateral fornix and a small portion of the thalamic radiation showed a positive association with CRP levels, but these associations did not remain significant after adjusting for confounders. (4) Conclusions: Peripheral inflammation may contribute to the etiology of MDD by impacting the microstructural integrity of brain corticolimbic white matter pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacGregor Thomas
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (M.T.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (L.F.-H.); (R.K.); (S.S.K.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (M.T.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (L.F.-H.); (R.K.); (S.S.K.); (M.P.P.)
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74119, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (M.T.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (L.F.-H.); (R.K.); (S.S.K.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Ryan Smith
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (M.T.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (L.F.-H.); (R.K.); (S.S.K.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Leandra Figueroa-Hall
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (M.T.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (L.F.-H.); (R.K.); (S.S.K.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (M.T.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (L.F.-H.); (R.K.); (S.S.K.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Sahib S. Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (M.T.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (L.F.-H.); (R.K.); (S.S.K.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tracy Kent Teague
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Martin P. Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (M.T.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (L.F.-H.); (R.K.); (S.S.K.); (M.P.P.)
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74119, USA
| | - Haixia Zheng
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (M.T.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (L.F.-H.); (R.K.); (S.S.K.); (M.P.P.)
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Burrows K, Stewart JL, Kuplicki R, Figueroa-Hall L, Spechler PA, Zheng H, Guinjoan SM, Savitz JB, Kent Teague T, Paulus MP. Elevated peripheral inflammation is associated with attenuated striatal reward anticipation in major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:214-225. [PMID: 33508469 PMCID: PMC7979507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide, and up to 40% of individuals with MDD do not respond to current treatments. Studies suggest that peripheral inflammation plays an important role in the striatal mesolimbic dopamine pathway and corticostriatal reward circuitry in MDD. Although MDD patients show blunted striatal responses to reward, the link between degree of inflammation and attenuation of reward processing is unclear. We investigated whether MDD patients with elevated peripheral inflammation exhibit attenuated reward responses to enhance our understanding of MDD pathophysiology and develop more effective treatments for current non-responders. METHODS MDD subjects varying on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (MDD-High CRP, >3 mg/L, n = 44; MDD-Low CRP, <3 mg/L, n = 44) and healthy comparisons (HC, n = 44) completed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task and provided blood samples to measure inflammation-related markers. MDD-High and MDD-Low were propensity score-matched on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, exercise and MID task head motion. Percent change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal during anticipation of wins and losses was extracted from bilateral nucleus accumbens, dorsal caudate and dorsolateral putamen regions of interest (ROIs). A linear mixed-effects model was used to test group (MDD-High, MDD-Low and HC), condition (large-win, small-win and no win), and their interaction for these ROIs as well as whole-brain voxelwise data. Analyses also tested group differences in inflammatory mediators. Correlations were used to explore the relationship between inflammatory mediators and brain regions showing differences between MDD-High and MDD-Low. RESULTS MDD-High exhibited: (a) lower BOLD signal change in dorsal caudate, thalamus, left insula and left precuneus during anticipation of small wins than MDD-Low; and (b) higher serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations than MDD-Low and HC. MDD as a whole, regardless of CRP-based inflammation, exhibited: (a) lower precuneus BOLD signal change to large wins than HC; and (b) higher Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) concentrations than HC. Higher serum sICAM-1 concentrations were associated with lower caudate BOLD signal change to small wins only within the MDD-High group. CONCLUSION Within MDD patients, high inflammation (CRP, sICAM-1) was linked to reduced striatal activation recruited to discriminate intermediate reward magnitudes. These findings support an association between levels of peripheral inflammation and the degree of reward-related activation in individuals with MDD. REGISTRATION OF CLINICAL TRIALS The ClinicalTrials.gov identifier for the clinical protocol associated with data published in this current paper is NCT02450240, "Latent Structure of Multi-level Assessments and Predictors of Outcomes in Psychiatric Disorders."
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | | | | | - Haixia Zheng
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | | | - Jonathan B Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - T Kent Teague
- Department of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Ahsan MK, Figueroa-Hall L, Baratta V, Garcia-Milian R, Lam TT, Hoque K, Salas PJ, Ameen NA. Glucocorticoids and serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 are potent regulators of CFTR in the native intestine: implications for stress-induced diarrhea. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G121-G132. [PMID: 32567324 PMCID: PMC7500270 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00076.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nongenomic glucocorticoid (GC) and serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) signaling regulate ion transport, but CFTR has not been investigated in the intestine. We examined GC, SGK1, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) kinase signaling of CFTR ion transport in native intestine and the role of GCs on mRNA, protein, surface expression, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-elicited diarrhea. Rats were treated with dexamethasone (DEXA; 2 mg/kg ip) or DMSO for 1, 4, and 24 h. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-activated ion transport was examined in the presence or absence of SGK1 and PI3K inhibitors. Phosphorylation of SGK1, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1, and Akt kinases was confirmed by immunoblots using phosphor-specific antibodies. Tissue lysates were analyzed by mass spectrometry. CFTR and SGK1 mRNA were measured by quantitative PCR. Changes in total and surface CFTR protein were determined. The role of GC in cGMP-activated CFTR ion transport was examined. GC synergistically increased CFTR ion transport by SGK1 and PI3K signaling and increased CFTR protein without altering SGK1 or CFTR mRNA. GC induced highest levels of CFTR protein at 4 h that were associated with marked increase in surface CFTR, phosphorylation of the ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-like (Nedd4-2), and 14-3-3ε, supporting their roles in surface retention and stability. Coimmunoprecipitation of CFTR, Nedd4-2, and 14-3-3ε indicated that assembly of this complex is a likely effector of the SGK and Akt pathways. Mass spectrometry identified phosphorylated peptides in relevant proteins. GC-SGK1 potently regulates CFTR in the intestine and is implicated in diarrheal disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine the mechanisms of glucocorticoid, serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1, and nongenomic kinase signaling of CFTR in the native intestine. We identified unique and druggable intestine-specific factors of the pathway that are targets for treating stress-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kaimul Ahsan
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Leandra Figueroa-Hall
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vanessa Baratta
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Resource, W. M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kazi Hoque
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pedro J Salas
- Department of Cell Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadia A Ameen
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pediatrics, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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