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Gamblin CL, Alende C, Corriveau F, Jetté A, Parent-Prévost F, Biehler C, Majeau N, Laurin M, Laprise P. The polarity protein Yurt associates with the plasma membrane via basic and hydrophobic motifs embedded in its FERM domain. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261691. [PMID: 38682269 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The subcellular distribution of the polarity protein Yurt (Yrt) is subjected to a spatio-temporal regulation in Drosophila melanogaster embryonic epithelia. After cellularization, Yrt binds to the lateral membrane of ectodermal cells and maintains this localization throughout embryogenesis. During terminal differentiation of the epidermis, Yrt accumulates at septate junctions and is also recruited to the apical domain. Although the mechanisms through which Yrt associates with septate junctions and the apical domain have been deciphered, how Yrt binds to the lateral membrane remains as an outstanding puzzle. Here, we show that the FERM domain of Yrt is necessary and sufficient for membrane localization. Our data also establish that the FERM domain of Yrt directly binds negatively charged phospholipids. Moreover, we demonstrate that positively charged amino acid motifs embedded within the FERM domain mediates Yrt membrane association. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that Yrt membrane association is functionally important. Overall, our study highlights the molecular basis of how Yrt associates with the lateral membrane during the developmental time window where it is required for segregation of lateral and apical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence L Gamblin
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Charles Alende
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - François Corriveau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Alexandra Jetté
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Frédérique Parent-Prévost
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Cornélia Biehler
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Nathalie Majeau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Mélanie Laurin
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Département de biologie moléculaire, de biochimie médicale et de pathologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick Laprise
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Département de biologie moléculaire, de biochimie médicale et de pathologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Kim SH, Yu SY, Choo JH, Kim J, Ahn K, Hwang SY. Epigenetic Methylation Changes in Pregnant Women: Bisphenol Exposure and Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1579. [PMID: 38338858 PMCID: PMC10855599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol is a chemical substance widely used in plastic products and food containers. In this study, we observed a relationship between DNA methylation and atopic dermatitis (AD) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pregnant women exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and its alternatives, bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF). DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, which can be altered by environmental factors, and affects the onset and progression of diseases. We found that genes belonging to the JAK-STAT and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were hypomethylated in the blood of pregnant women exposed to bisphenols. These genes play important roles in skin barrier function and immune responses, and may influence AD. Therefore, we suggest that not only BPA, but also BPS and BPF, which are used as alternatives, can have a negative impact on AD through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Kim
- Department of Bio-Nanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
| | - So Yeon Yu
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.Y.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jeong Hyeop Choo
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.Y.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea (K.A.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea (K.A.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yong Hwang
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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Ryan CB, Choi JS, Kang B, Herr S, Pereira C, Moraes CT, Al-Ali H, Lee JK. PI3K signaling promotes formation of lipid-laden foamy macrophages at the spinal cord injury site. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106370. [PMID: 38049013 PMCID: PMC10804283 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), infiltrating macrophages undergo excessive phagocytosis of myelin and cellular debris, forming lipid-laden foamy macrophages. To understand their role in the cellular pathology of SCI, investigation of the foamy macrophage phenotype in vitro revealed a pro-inflammatory profile, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Bioinformatic analysis identified PI3K as a regulator of inflammation in foamy macrophages, and inhibition of this pathway decreased their lipid content, inflammatory cytokines, and ROS production. Macrophage-specific inhibition of PI3K using liposomes significantly decreased foamy macrophages at the injury site after a mid-thoracic contusive SCI in mice. RNA sequencing and in vitro analysis of foamy macrophages revealed increased autophagy and decreased phagocytosis after PI3K inhibition as potential mechanisms for reduced lipid accumulation. Together, our data suggest that the formation of pro-inflammatory foamy macrophages after SCI is due to the activation of PI3K signaling, which increases phagocytosis and decreases autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Ryan
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - James S Choi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Brian Kang
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Seth Herr
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Claudia Pereira
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Department of Medicine Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Jae K Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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Lee JW, Jo AH, Lee DC, Choi CY, Kang JC, Kim JH. Review of cadmium toxicity effects on fish: Oxidative stress and immune responses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116600. [PMID: 37429393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) in aquatic environments can cause environmental toxicity to fish and induce oxidative stress owing to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species in fish bodies. Fish have developed various antioxidant systems to protect themselves from reactive oxygen species; thus, a change in antioxidant responses in fish can be a criterion for evaluating oxidative stress resulting from Cd exposure. Because Cd exposure may be recognized as an exogenous substance by a fish body, it may lead to the stimulation or suppression of its immune system. Various immune responses can be assessed to evaluate Cd toxicity in fish. This review aimed to identify the impacts of Cd exposure on oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in fish as well as identify accurate indicators of Cd toxicity in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Wook Lee
- West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - A-Hyun Jo
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Deok-Chan Lee
- Shellfish Research Team, South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyoung 53085, South Korea.
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, South Korea.
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea.
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Can AT, Mitchell JS, Dutton M, Bennett M, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J. Insights into the neurobiology of suicidality: explicating the role of glutamatergic systems through the lens of ketamine. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:513-529. [PMID: 37329495 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Suicidality is a prevalent mental health condition, and managing suicidal patients is one of the most challenging tasks for health care professionals due to the lack of rapid-acting, effective psychopharmacological treatment options. According to the literature, suicide has neurobiological underpinnings that are not fully understood, and current treatments for suicidal tendencies have considerable limitations. To treat suicidality and prevent suicide, new treatments are required; to achieve this, the neurobiological processes underlying suicidal behavior must be thoroughly investigated. Although multiple neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonergic systems, have been studied in the past, less has been reported in relation to disruptions in glutamatergic neurotransmission, neuronal plasticity, and neurogenesis that result from stress-related abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. Informed by the literature, which reports robust antisuicidal and antidepressive properties of subanaesthetic doses of ketamine, this review aims to provide an examination of the neurobiology of suicidality (and relevant mood disorders) with implications of pertinent animal, clinical, and postmortem studies. We discuss dysfunctions in the glutamatergic system, which may play a role in the neuropathology of suicidality and the role of ketamine in restoring synaptic connectivity at the molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Tevfik Can
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jules Shamus Mitchell
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Dutton
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maxwell Bennett
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
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Seol MY, Choi SH, Lee IJ, Park HS, Kim HR, Kim SK, Yoon HI. Selective Inhibition of PI3K Isoforms in Brain Tumors Suppresses Tumor Growth by Increasing Radiosensitivity. Yonsei Med J 2023; 64:139-147. [PMID: 36719022 PMCID: PMC9892548 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Radioresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of brain tumors. The development of several types of tumors, including GBM, involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Upon activation, this pathway induces radioresistance. In this study, we investigated whether additional use of selective inhibitors of PI3K isoforms would enhance radiosensitivity in GBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated whether radiation combined with PI3K isoform selective inhibitors can suppress radioresistance in GBM. Glioma 261 expressing luciferase (GL261-luc) and LN229 were used to confirm the effect of combination of radiation and PI3K isoform inhibitors in vitro. Cell viability was confirmed by clonogenic assay, and inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling activation was observed by Western blot. To confirm radiosensitivity, the expression of phospho-γ-H2AX was observed by immunofluorescence. In addition, to identify the effect of a combination of radiation and PI3K-α isoform inhibitor in vivo, an intracranial mouse model was established by implanting GL261-luc. Tumor growth was observed by IVIS imaging, and survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS Suppression of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway increased radiosensitivity, and PI3K-α inhibition had similar effects on PI3K-pan inhibition in vitro. The combination of radiotherapy and PI3K-α isoform inhibitor suppressed tumor growth and extended survival in vivo. CONCLUSION This study verified that PI3K-α isoform inhibition improves radiosensitivity, resulting in tumor growth suppression and extended survival in GBM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Youn Seol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hee Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Soon Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong In Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Targeting mTOR as a Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances in Natural Bioactive Compounds and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225520. [PMID: 36428613 PMCID: PMC9688668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase, which regulates many biological processes related to metabolism, cancer, immune function, and aging. It is an essential protein kinase that belongs to the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) family and has two known signaling complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Even though mTOR signaling plays a critical role in promoting mitochondria-related protein synthesis, suppressing the catabolic process of autophagy, contributing to lipid metabolism, engaging in ribosome formation, and acting as a critical regulator of mRNA translation, it remains one of the significant signaling systems involved in the tumor process, particularly in apoptosis, cell cycle, and cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the mTOR signaling system could be suggested as a cancer biomarker, and its targeting is important in anti-tumor therapy research. Indeed, its dysregulation is involved in different types of cancers such as colon, neck, cervical, head, lung, breast, reproductive, and bone cancers, as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Moreover, recent investigations showed that targeting mTOR could be considered as cancer therapy. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of recent developments associated with the mTOR signaling pathway and its molecular involvement in various human cancer types. It also summarizes the research progress of different mTOR inhibitors, including natural and synthetised compounds and their main mechanisms, as well as the rational combinations with immunotherapies.
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Lanahan SM, Wymann MP, Lucas CL. The role of PI3Kγ in the immune system: new insights and translational implications. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:687-700. [PMID: 35322259 PMCID: PMC9922156 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, new insights have positioned phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ) as a context-dependent modulator of immunity and inflammation. Recent advances in protein structure determination and drug development have allowed for generation of highly specific PI3Kγ inhibitors, with the first now in clinical trials for several oncology indications. Recently, a monogenic immune disorder caused by PI3Kγ deficiency was discovered in humans and modelled in mice. Human inactivated PI3Kγ syndrome confirms the immunomodulatory roles of PI3Kγ and strengthens newly defined roles of this molecule in modulating inflammatory cytokine release in macrophages. Here, we review the functions of PI3Kγ in the immune system and discuss how our understanding of its potential as a therapeutic target has evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Lanahan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Carrie L Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Kang J, Wang Y, Guo X, He X, Liu W, Chen H, Wang Z, Lin A, Kang X. N-acetylserotonin protects PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide induced damage through ROS mediated PI3K / AKT pathway. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2268-2282. [PMID: 35758219 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2092817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylserotonin (NAS) exerts neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are the primary causes of spinal cord injury (SCI). Herein, we explored potential protective effects and mechanisms of NAS in a neuron oxidative damage model in vitro. We established an oxidative damage model in PC12 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and treated these cells with NAS. NAS enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase and halted the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Additionally, NAS promoted protein expression of Bcl-2, but inhibited protein expressions of Fas, FADD, cytochrome c, Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3, namely, decreasing protein expression of the Fas and mitochondrial pathways. Furthermore, it reduced the rate of apoptosis and necroptosis-related protein expressions of MLKL and p-MLKL. Moreover, NAS promoted the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT, and the addition of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 partially attenuated the antioxidant stress and anti-apoptotic effects of NAS in H2O2 stimulated PC12 cells. In conclusion, NAS protected PC12 cells from apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by H2O2 by inhibiting ROS activity and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihe Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yidian Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuegang He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenzhao Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaoheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aixin Lin
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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eEF1A2 knockdown impairs neuronal proliferation and inhibits neurite outgrowth of differentiating neurons. Neuroreport 2022; 33:336-344. [PMID: 35594436 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The translation elongation factor-1, alpha-2 (eEF1A2) plays an important role in protein synthesis. Mutations in this gene have been described in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we silenced the expression of eEFA2 in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and observed its roles in neuronal proliferation and differentiation upon induction with retinoic acid. METHODS eEF1A2 were silenced using siRNA transfection. Cell proliferation was qualitatively evaluated by Ki-67 immunocytochemistry. Neuronal differentiation was induced with retinoic acid for 3, 5, 7 and 10 days. Neurite length was measured. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) was analyzed by western blotting. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was visualized by immunofluorescence. Cytotoxicity to a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and western blotting of cleaved caspase-3. RESULTS eEF1A2 knockdown suppressed the proliferative activity of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells as shown by decreased Ki-67 immunostaining. Upon retinoic acid-induction, differentiated neurons with eEF1A2 knockdown exhibited shorter neurite length than untransfected cells, which was associated with the reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase and suppression of MAP2 at 10 days of differentiation. eEF1A2 knockdown decreased the survival of neurons, which was clearly observed in undifferentiated and short-term differentiated cells. Upon treatment with MPP+, cells with eEF1A2 knockdown showed a further reduction in cell survival and an increase of cleaved caspase-3 protein. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that eEF1A2 may be required for neuronal proliferation and differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Increased cell death susceptibility against MPP+ in eEF1A2-knockdown neurons may imply the neuroprotective role of eEF1A2.
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QSAR analysis on a large and diverse set of potent phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) inhibitors using MLR and ANN methods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6090. [PMID: 35414065 PMCID: PMC9005662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of PI3Kγ as a member of lipid kinases-enzymes, plays a crucial role in regulating immune cells through the generation of intracellular signals. Deregulation of this pathway is involved in several tumors. In this research, diverse sets of potent and selective isoform-specific PI3Kγ inhibitors whose drug-likeness was confirmed based on Lipinski’s rule of five were used in the modeling process. Genetic algorithm (GA)-based multivariate analysis was employed on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of them. In this way, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, were used to QSAR models construction on 245 compounds with a wide range of pIC50 (5.23–9.32). The stability and robustness of the models have been evaluated by external and internal validation methods (R2 0.623–0.642, RMSE 0.464–0.473, F 40.114, Q2LOO 0.600, and R2y-random 0.011). External verification using a wide variety of structures out of the training and test sets show that ANN is superior to MLR. The descriptors entered into the model are in good agreement with the X-ray structures of target-ligand complexes; so the model is interpretable. Finally, Williams plot-based analysis was applied to simultaneously compare the inhibitory activity and structural similarity of training, test and validation sets.
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12
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PI3K Isoforms in Vascular Biology, A Focus on the Vascular System-Immune Response Connection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:289-309. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Zhou YX, Zhang H, Peng C. Effects of Puerarin on the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771793. [PMID: 34950032 PMCID: PMC8689134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, an isoflavone glycoside derived from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, has been identified as a pharmacologically active component with diverse benefits. A large number of experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that puerarin is widely used in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world, and therefore remain one of the most prominent global public health concerns. In this review, we systematically analyze the preclinical investigations of puerarin in CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetic cardiovascular complications, myocardial infarction, stroke and hypertension. In addition, the potential molecular targets of puerarin are also discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical trails of puerarin in the treatment of CVDs. Finally, the therapeutic effects of puerarin derivatives and its drug delivery systems are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Kayabasi C, Yelken BO, Asik A, Okcanoglu TB, Sogutlu F, Gasimli R, Susluer SY, Saydam G, Avci CB, Gunduz C. PI3K/mTOR dual-inhibition with VS-5584 enhances anti-leukemic efficacy of ponatinib in blasts and Ph-negative LSCs of chronic myeloid leukemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174446. [PMID: 34461124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ponatinib is used for advanced treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), although low doses to prevent side effects do not suppress survival pathways and eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSCs). We evaluated the potential of ponatinib and PI3K/mTOR dual-inhibitor VS-5584 combination (PoVS) therapy to increase the anti-leukemic effects of ponatinib and investigated the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level. We measured the cytotoxicities of ponatinib, VS-5584, and PoVS (CCK-8 assay), and used the median-effect equation for combination analyses. We investigated the effects of inhibitory concentrations on apoptosis, cell viability and cell-cycle regulation (flow cytometry), protein levels (ELISA, Western blot), transcriptional activities (dual-luciferase reporter assay), gene expressions (qRT-PCR). VS-5584 exerted selective cytotoxic effects against CML and LSC cell lines. VS-5584 inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, resulting in reduced cell viability, slightly induced caspase-independent apoptosis, prominent G0/G1 cell-cycle blockade that is not a consequence of quiescence. Normal hematopoietic stem cell line was the least affected. Moreover, ponatinib and VS-5584 mediated synergistic anti-leukemic effects on leukemic cells. VS-5584 reduced the ponatinib dose required to target leukemic cells. PoVS treatment inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway more consistently than either of the two agents alone through reducing p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-S6K, p-PRAS40, p-S6. The subsequent downstream effects were an increase in C/EBP transcriptional activity and decreases in activities of E2F/DP1, Myc/Max, CREB, STAT3, NFκB, AP-1, Elk-1/SRF. Transcriptional regulation resulted in alterations in the expression levels of target mRNAs. Our results highlight PoVS can be a promising treatment strategy for eliminating CML cells and LSCs selectively, with the reduced ponatinib doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Kayabasi
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Besra Ozmen Yelken
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Asik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Roya Gasimli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sunde Yilmaz Susluer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guray Saydam
- Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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15
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Acharya S, Chatterjee S, Chaudhuri S, Singh MK, Bhattacharya D, Bhattacharjee M, Ghosh A, Chaudhuri S. Akt Phosphorylation Orchestrates T11TS Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest in Glioma Cells. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:854-870. [PMID: 34569407 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1986060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The novel anti-neoplastic glycopeptide T11TS retards glioma both in in-vitro clinical samples and in-vivo models. This study investigates the correlation between altering the glioma microenvironment with glioma arrest and death. Flow cytometry, immunoblotting, ELISA, and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to investigate glioma cell arrest and death. Results include a decline in phosphorylation of Akt and attenuation of p21 phosphorylation (Thr145,Ser146) and disassociation of p-Akt-Mdm2 and p-Akt-BAD facilitating death by Akt>BAD. T11TS influence phosphorylation patterns in two focal axes Akt>p21 and Akt>Mdm2>p53. The current article provides crucial insight in deciphering the mechanism of T11TS induced glioma cell arrest and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, Midnapore, India
| | | | | | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Anirban Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Netaji Subhas Open University, Kolkata, India
| | - Swapna Chaudhuri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India.,Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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16
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Lucas ED, Schafer JB, Matsuda J, Kraus M, Burchill MA, Tamburini BAJ. PD-L1 Reverse Signaling in Dermal Dendritic Cells Promotes Dendritic Cell Migration Required for Skin Immunity. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108258. [PMID: 33053342 PMCID: PMC7688291 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the function of the extracellular region of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) through its interactions with PD-1 on T cells is well studied, little is understood regarding the intracellular domain of PD-L1. Here, we outline a major role for PD-L1 intracellular signaling in the control of dendritic cell (DC) migration from the skin to the draining lymph node (dLN). Using a mutant mouse model, we identify a TSS signaling motif within the intracellular domain of PD-L1. The TSS motif proves critical for chemokine-mediated DC migration to the dLN during inflammation. This loss of DC migration, in the PD-L1 TSS mutant, leads to a significant decline in T cell priming when DC trafficking is required for antigen delivery to the dLN. Finally, the TSS motif is required for chemokine receptor signaling downstream of the Gα subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, ERK phosphorylation, and actin polymerization in DCs. Lucas et al. define three residues within the cytoplasmic tail of PD-L1 that are required for proper dendritic cell migration from the skin to the lymph node. These three-amino-acid residues promote chemokine signaling in dendritic cells and productive T cell responses to skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Lucas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johnathon B Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Madison Kraus
- Gates Summer Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew A Burchill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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17
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Lee H, Lee H, Park S, Kim M, Park JY, Jin H, Oh K, Bae J, Yang Y, Choi HK. Integrative Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Characterization of Metabolites and Intact Lipid Species Related to the Metastatic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4179. [PMID: 34439333 PMCID: PMC8391613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SQCC is a major type of NSCLC, which is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, and there were no reports regarding the prediction of metastatic potential of lung SQCC by metabolomic and lipidomic profiling. In this study, metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of lung SQCC were performed to predict its metastatic potential and to suggest potential therapeutic targets for the inhibition of lung SQCC metastasis. Human bronchial epithelial cells and four lung SQCC cell lines with different metastatic potentials were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and direct infusion-mass spectrometry. Based on the obtained metabolic and lipidomic profiles, we constructed models to predict the metastatic potential of lung SQCC; glycerol, putrescine, β-alanine, hypoxanthine, inosine, myo-inositol, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 18:1/18:1, and PI 18:1/20:4 were suggested as characteristic metabolites and intact lipid species associated with lung SQCC metastatic potential. In this study, we established predictive models for the metastatic potential of lung SQCC; furthermore, we identified metabolites and intact lipid species relevant to lung SQCC metastatic potential that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the inhibition of lung SQCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heayyean Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.L.); (H.L.); (M.K.); (K.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.L.); (H.L.); (M.K.); (K.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Sujeong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea; (S.P.); (J.Y.P.)
| | - Myeongsun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.L.); (H.L.); (M.K.); (K.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea; (S.P.); (J.Y.P.)
| | - Hanyong Jin
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.L.); (H.L.); (M.K.); (K.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Jeehyeon Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.L.); (H.L.); (M.K.); (K.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea; (S.P.); (J.Y.P.)
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.L.); (H.L.); (M.K.); (K.O.); (J.B.)
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18
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Xue Y, Zhang M, Liu M, Liu Y, Li L, Han X, Sun Z, Chu L. 8-Gingerol Ameliorates Myocardial Fibrosis by Attenuating Reactive Oxygen Species, Apoptosis, and Autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:711701. [PMID: 34393792 PMCID: PMC8355601 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.711701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
8-gingerol (8-Gin) is the series of phenolic substance that is extracted from ginger. Although many studies have revealed that 8-Gin has multiple pharmacological properties, the possible underlying mechanisms of 8-Gin against myocardial fibrosis (MF) remains unclear. The study examined the exact role and potential mechanisms of 8-Gin against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MF. Male mice were intraperitoneally injected with 8-Gin (10 and 20 mg/kg/d) and concurrently subcutaneously injected with ISO (10 mg/kg/d) for 2 weeks. Electrocardiography, pathological heart morphology, myocardial enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, degree of apoptosis, and autophagy pathway-related proteins were measured. Our study observed 8-Gin significantly reduced J-point elevation and heart rate. Besides, 8-Gin caused a marked decrease in cardiac weight index and left ventricle weight index, serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (CK and LDH, respectively), ROS generation, and attenuated ISO-induced pathological heart damage. Moreover, treatment with 8-Gin resulted in a marked decrease in the levels of collagen types I and III and TGF-β in the heart tissue. Our results showed 8-Gin exposure significantly suppressed ISO-induced autophagosome formation. 8-Gin also could lead to down-regulation of the activities of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), Caspase-9, and Bax protein, up-regulation of the activity of Bcl-2 protein, and alleviation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, 8-Gin produced an obvious increase in the expressions of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins. Our data showed that 8-Gin exerted cardioprotective effects on ISO-induced MF, which possibly occurred in connection with inhibition of ROS generation, apoptosis, and autophagy via modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Xue
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenqing Sun
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Hiser Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
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19
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Role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4045-4059. [PMID: 34244974 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is considered as a severe health problem worldwide, while cardiac fibrosis is one of the main driving factors for the progress of HF. Cardiac fibrosis was characterized by changes in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, ratio of collagen (COL) I/III, and the excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), thus forming a scar tissue, which leads to pathological process of cardiac structural changes and systolic as well as diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological change of many advanced cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and HF. Accumulated studies have proven that phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is involved in regulating the occurrence, progression and pathological formation of cardiac fibrosis via regulating cell survival, apoptosis, growth, cardiac contractility and even the transcription of related genes through a series of molecules including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), forkhead box proteins O1/3 (FoxO1/3), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Thus, the review focuses on the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the cardiac fibrosis. The information reviewed here should be significant in understanding the role of PI3K/Akt in cardiac fibrosis and contribute to the design of further studies related to PI3K/Akt and the cardiac fibrotic response, as well as sought to shed light on a potential treatment for cardiac fibrosis.
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20
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Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was previously known as a harmful gas in air pollution. Recently, it was reported that SO2 can be endogenously generated in cardiovascular tissues. Many studies have revealed that endogenous SO2 has important physiological and pathophysiological significance and pharmacological potential. As a novel gasotransmitter, SO2 has important regulatory effects on the heart. It has a dose-dependent negative inotropic effect on cardiac function, in which L-type calcium channels are involved. SO2 can also attenuate myocardial injury caused by various harmful stimuli and play an important role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial hypertrophy. These effects are thought to be linked to its ability to reduce inflammation and as an antioxidant. In addition, SO2 regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, endogenous SO2 plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular system homeostasis. In the present review, the literature concerning the metabolism of endogenous SO2, its cardiac toxicological effects and physiological regulatory effects, mechanisms for SO2-mediated myocardial protection and its pharmacological applications are summarized and discussed.
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21
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Xing J, Yang J, Gu Y, Yi J. Research update on the anticancer effects of buparlisib. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:266. [PMID: 33717263 PMCID: PMC7885152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Buparlisib is a highly efficient and selective PI3K inhibitor and a member of the 2,6-dimorpholinopyrimidine-derived family of compounds. It selectively inhibits four isomers of PI3K, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ, by competitively binding the lipid kinase domain on adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and serves an important role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis, predominantly by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Buparlisib has been confirmed to have a clinical effect in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A global, phase II clinical trial with buparlisib and paclitaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has now been completed, with a manageable safety profile. Buparlisib currently has fast-track status with the United States Food and Drug Administration. The present review examined the biochemical structure, pharmacokinetic characteristics, preclinical data and ongoing clinical studies of buparlisib. The various mechanisms of influence of buparlisib in tumors, particularly in preclinical research, were summarized, providing a theoretical basis and direction for basic research on and clinical treatment with buparlisib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yingjiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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22
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Kim YA, Kim HJ, Gwon MG, Gu H, An HJ, Bae S, Leem J, Jung HJ, Park KK. Inhibitory Effects of STAT3 Transcription Factor by Synthetic Decoy ODNs on Autophagy in Renal Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040331. [PMID: 33806080 PMCID: PMC8064438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy in the proximal tubules may promote fibrosis by activating tubular cell death, interstitial inflammation, and the production of pro-fibrotic factors. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is activated as a potential transcription factor, which mediates the stimulation of renal fibrosis. We investigated the role of the STAT3 in autophagy and its effect on the prevention of interstitial renal fibrosis. In this study, we use synthesized STAT3 decoy oligonucleotides (ODN), which were injected into the tail veins of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice, to explore the regulation of autophagy in UUO-induced renal fibrosis. The expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and collagen were decreased by STAT3 decoy ODN. The autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and fibronectin, were identified through immunofluorescent staining, indicating that they were reduced in the group injected with ODN. The expressions of LC3, Beclin1, p62, and autophagy-related 5–12 (Atg5–12) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were inhibited in the ODN injection group. We determined the inhibitory effect of autophagy in chronic kidney disease and confirmed that STAT3 decoy ODN effectively inhibited autophagy by inhibiting the expression of STAT3 transcription factors in the UUO group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Seongjae Bae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-650-4149
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23
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Cardiovascular toxicity of PI3Kα inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2595-2622. [PMID: 33063821 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of intracellular lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3'-hydroxyl group of inositol membrane lipids, resulting in the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This results in downstream effects, including cell growth, proliferation, and migration. The heart expresses three PI3K class I enzyme isoforms (α, β, and γ), and these enzymes play a role in cardiac cellular survival, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial contractility, excitation, and mechanotransduction. The PI3K pathway is associated with various disease processes but is particularly important to human cancers since many gain-of-function mutations in this pathway occur in various cancers. Despite the development, testing, and regulatory approval of PI3K inhibitors in recent years, there are still significant challenges when creating and utilizing these drugs, including concerns of adverse effects on the heart. There is a growing body of evidence from preclinical studies revealing that PI3Ks play a crucial cardioprotective role, and thus inhibition of this pathway could lead to cardiac dysfunction, electrical remodeling, vascular damage, and ultimately, cardiovascular disease. This review will focus on PI3Kα, including the mechanisms underlying the adverse cardiovascular effects resulting from PI3Kα inhibition and the potential clinical implications of treating patients with these drugs, such as increased arrhythmia burden, biventricular cardiac dysfunction, and impaired recovery from cardiotoxicity. Recommendations for future directions for preclinical and clinical work are made, highlighting the possible role of PI3Kα inhibition in the progression of cancer-related cachexia and female sex and pre-existing comorbidities as independent risk factors for cardiac abnormalities after cancer treatment.
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24
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Abstract
Apocynin is a naturally occurring acetophenone, found in the roots of Apocynum cannabinum and Picrorhiza kurroa. Various chemical and pharmaceutical modifications have been carried out to enhance the absorption and duration of action of apocynin, like, formulation of chitosan-based apocynin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles, chitosan-oligosaccharide based nanoparticles, and biodegradable polyanhydride nanoparticles. Apocynin has been subjected to a wide range of experimental screening and has proved to be useful for amelioration of a variety of disorders, like diabetic complications, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders, lung cancer, hepatocellular cancer, pancreatic cancer, and pheochromocytoma. Apocynin has been primarily reported as an NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor and prevents translocation of its p47phox subunit to the plasma membrane, observed in neurodegeneration and hypertension. However, recent studies highlight its off-target effects that it is able to function as a scavenger of non-radical oxidant species, which is relevant for its activity against NOX 4 mediated production of hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, apocynin has shown inhibition of eNOS-dependent superoxide production in diabetic cardiomyopathy, reduction of NLRP3 activation and TGFβ/Smad signaling in diabetic nephropathy, diminished VEGF expression and decreased retinal NF-κB activation in diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of P38/MAPK/Caspase3 pathway in pheochromocytoma, inhibition of AKT-GSK3β and ERK1/2 pathways in pancreatic cancer, and decreased FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling in hepatocellular cancer. This review aims to discuss the pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of the pharmacological actions of apocynin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya R Savla
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Luo W, Jiang Y, Yi Z, Wu Y, Gong P, Xiong Y. 1ɑ,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 promotes osteogenesis by down-regulating FGF23 in diabetic mice. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4148-4156. [PMID: 33609082 PMCID: PMC8051674 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1ɑ,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) play important roles in bone metabolism through mutual regulation. However, the underlying mechanism between 1,25D and FGF23 in diabetes‐induced bone metabolism disorders has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of 1,25D on FGF23 under diabetic condition both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that 1,25D down‐regulated the expression of FGF23 in osteoblast significantly though a dose‐dependent manner in vitro within high glucose environment. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis indicated that 1,25D activated PI3K/Akt signalling through binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR), which inhibited the phosphorylation of the transcription factor Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1). Decreased phosphorylation of FOXO1 down‐regulated the expression Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1), a well‐known inhibitor of Wnt signalling. In addition, we observed that 1,25D remarkably ameliorated osteogenic phenotypic markers such as Ocn and Runx2 and rescued diabetes‐induced bone loss in vivo. Our results suggested that 1,25D could promote osteogenesis though down‐regulating FOXO1/FGF23 in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zumu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Liu H, Zhang H, Ma Y. Molecular mechanisms of altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111452. [PMID: 33556365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia globally. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, eventually manifesting as severe cognitive impairment. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) occurs throughout adulthood and plays an important role in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. The stages of AHN, predominantly comprising the proliferation, differentiation, survival, and maturation of newborn neurons, are affected to varying degrees in AD. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent evidence suggests that the molecules involved in AD pathology contribute to the compromised AHN in AD. Notably, various interventions may have common signaling pathways that, once identified, could be harnessed to enhance adult neurogenesis. This in turn could putatively rescue cognitive deficits associated with impaired neurogenesis as observed in animal models of AD. In this manuscript, we review the current knowledge concerning AHN under normal physiological and AD pathological conditions and highlight the possible role of specific molecules in AHN alteration in AD. In addition, we summarize in vivo experiments with emphasis on the effect of the activation of certain key signalings on AHN in AD rodent models. We propose that these signaling targets and corresponding interventions should be considered when developing novel therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Satyavarapu EM, Nath S, Mandal C. Desialylation of Atg5 by sialidase (Neu2) enhances autophagosome formation to induce anchorage-dependent cell death in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:26. [PMID: 33526785 PMCID: PMC7851153 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased sialylation is one of the hallmarks of ovarian cancer (OC) but its relation with programmed cell death is not known. Here we explored the molecular interplay between autophagy, apoptosis/anoikis, and aberrant-expression of the PI3K-Akt/mTOR pathway in the context of sialidase. OC is accompanied by low expression of cytosolic sialidase (Neu2) and ~10-fold more α2,6- than α2,3-linked sialic acids found through qPCR, western blot, and flow cytometry. Interestingly, Neu2 overexpression cleaved α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids and reduced cell viability. Several autophagy-related molecules like LC3B/Atg3/Atg5/Atg7/Atg12/Atg16L1/Beclin1 were upregulated upon Neu2 overexpression. Atg5, a crucial protein for autophagosome formation, was desialylated by overexpressed Neu2. Desialylated Atg5 now showed enhanced association both with Atg12 and Atg16L1 leading to more autophagosome formation. Neu2-overexpressing cells exhibited extrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis as reflected the in activation of Fas/FasL/FADD/Bid/caspase 8/caspase 6/caspase 3/PARP cleavage. There was also increased Bax, reduced Bcl2, and several cell-cycle molecules (CDK2/CDK4/CDK6/cyclin-B1/cyclin-E). Inhibition of autophagy using bafilomycin A1 or Beclin1 siRNA leads to reversal of Neu2-induced apoptosis suggesting their possible relationship. Additionally, overexpressed Neu2 inhibited growth factor-mediated signaling molecules involved in the PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway probably through their desialylation. Furthermore, overexpressed Neu2 inhibited epithelial (ZO-1/Claudin1), mesenchymal (snail/slug), and cell-adhesion (integrin-β3/focal-adhesion kinase) molecules suggesting anchorage-dependent cell death (anoikis). Such changes were absent in the presence of bafilomycin A1 indicating the involvement of autophagy in Neu2-induced anoikis. The physiological relevance of our in vitro observations was further confirmed in the OC xenograft model. Taken together, it is the first report demonstrating that Atg5 is a sialoglycoprotein having α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids and its desialylation by overexpressed Neu2 leads to its activation for autophagosome formation, which induced apoptosis/anoikis in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswara Murali Satyavarapu
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shalini Nath
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Chitra Mandal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Zhou P, Liu H, Liu X, Ling X, Xiao Z, Zhu P, Zhu Y, Lu J, Zheng S. Donor heart preservation with hypoxic-conditioned medium-derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiac function in a heart transplantation model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:56. [PMID: 33435991 PMCID: PMC7805188 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In heart transplantation, donor hearts inevitably suffer from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which leads to primary graft dysfunction and affects patients’ survival rate. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been reported to attenuate myocardial I/R injury via their paracrine effects, which can be enhanced by hypoxic preconditioning. We hypothesized that the donor heart preservation with hypoxic conditioned medium (CdM) derived from BMSCs would improve post-transplant graft function. Methods Normoxic or hypoxic CdM were isolated from rat BMSCs cultured under normoxic (20% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) condition. Donor hearts were explanted; stored in cardioplegic solution supplemented with either a medium (vehicle), normoxic CdM (N-CdM), or hypoxic CdM (H-CdM); and then heterotopically transplanted. Antibody arrays were performed to compare the differences between hypoxic and normoxic CdM. Results After heart transplantation, the donor heart preservation with normoxic CdM was associated with a shorter time to return of spontaneous contraction and left ventricular systolic diameter, lower histopathological scores, higher ejection fraction, and fractional shortening of the transplanted hearts. The cardioprotective effects may be associated with the inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation, as reflected by less TUNEL-positive cells and lower levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) and cardiac troponin I in the N-CdM group compared with the vehicle group. These therapeutic effects can be further enhanced by hypoxic preconditioning. Antibody arrays revealed that nine proteins were significantly increased in hypoxic CdM compared with normoxic CdM. Furthermore, compared with vehicle and N-CdM groups, the protein levels of PI3K and p-Akt/Akt ratio in the transplanted hearts significantly increased in the H-CdM group. However, no significant difference was found in the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 for the donor hearts among the three groups. Conclusions Our results indicate that the cardioplegic solution-enriched with hypoxic CdM can be a novel and promising preservation solution for donor hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ling
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhou Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang Y, Luo W, Wang B, Yi Z, Gong P, Xiong Y. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorates diabetes-induced bone loss by attenuating FoxO1-mediated autophagy. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100287. [PMID: 33450223 PMCID: PMC7948959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis through removing impaired organelles. It has recently been found to play pivotal roles in diabetes mellitus (DM), which is associated with increased bone fracture risk and loss of bone density. However, the mechanism whereby autophagy modulates DM-induced bone loss is not fully elucidated. Previous work has shown that 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) exerts positive effects on autophagy, thus affecting bone metabolism. Here, we investigated whether autophagy was involved in the regulation of diabetic bone metabolism. Using Micro-CT, Elisa, histology, and histomorphometry analysis, we demonstrated that 1,25D rescues glucose metabolism dysfunction and ameliorates bone loss in diabetic mice. In vitro, 1,25D alleviated primary osteoblast dysfunction and intracellular oxidative stress through reducing prolonged high-glucose-mediated excessive autophagy in primary osteoblasts, reflected by decreased protein level of Beclin1 and LC3. Of note, the autophagy activator rapamycin (RAP) ablated the positive effects of 1,25D in diabetic environment, leading to a marked increase in autolysosomes and autophagosomes, examined by mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence double labeling. The excessive autophagy induced by high glucose was deleterious to proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts. Additionally, biochemical studies identified that PI3K/Akt signaling could be activated by 1,25D, resulting in the inhibition of FoxO1. We confirmed that FoxO1 deficiency alleviated high-glucose-induced autophagy and improved biological functions of primary osteoblasts. Together, our results suggest that the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway is involved in the osteoprotective effect of 1,25D by attenuating autophagy in diabetes, providing a novel insight for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-caused bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zumu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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BuShen HuoXue Decoction Promotes Decidual Stromal Cell Proliferation via the PI3K/AKT Pathway in Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6868470. [PMID: 33082827 PMCID: PMC7556073 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6868470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BuShen HuoXue decoction (BSHXD) has been used to treat patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). However, the chemical compounds and mechanism by which BSHXD exerts its therapeutic and systemic effects to promote the proliferation of decidual stromal cells (DSCs) has not been elucidated. This work sought to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism of BSHXD in terms of inflammatory factors IL-17A in DSCs in vitro because of the critical roles of inflammation, apoptosis, and immunity in the development and progression of pregnancy loss. Twelve migratory chemical compounds from BSHXD extract were qualitatively analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). DSCs were collected from normal early pregnancy (NEP) and URSA to determine whether BSHXD affects IL-17A/IL17RA via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Abnormal apoptosis and activated p-AKT were observed in URSA DSCs. RhIL-17 A, LY294002 (a PI3K pathway inhibitor), and BSHXD were individually or simultaneously administered in NEP DSCs, suggesting that BSHXD restored cell proliferation without excessive stimulation and IL-17A promotes proliferation via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Using the same intervention in URSA DSCs, qRT-PCR measured the upregulated mRNA levels of IL-17 A/IL-17RA, PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, PTEN, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL and downregulated mRNA levels of BAD and ACT1 after treatment with BSHXD. We demonstrated that BSHXD affected IL-17A/IL-17R via PI3K/AKT pathway to promote the proliferative activity of DSCs in URSA. These results provide a new insight to further clarify the relationship between inflammation and apoptosis and the mechanism of imbalance in the dynamic equilibrium between Th17/Treg immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface.
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31
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Liu X, Chen J, Sun N, Li N, Zhang Z, Zheng T, Li Z. Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:996-1009. [PMID: 32659400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1) has exerted an inhibitory effect on renal fibrosis and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), its mechanism remains unknown. This study aims to explore the anti-fibrosis effect of G-Rb1 in unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) mouse model and underlying mechanisms in HBSS-induced HK-2 cells. In vivo, renal function, kidney histological pathology, and autophagy-related protein molecules were assessed. Additionally, rapamycin, Deptor overexpression plasmid, Akt inhibitor, metformin, and a p38-MAPK inhibitor, as well as an ERK-MAPK inhibitor were used to evaluate the effect of AMPK/mTOR, Akt and MAPK signal pathways on the protective effect of G-Rb1 in HK-2 cells. Treatment with G-Rb1 significantly improved renal dysfunction. G-Rb1 reversed UUO-induced downregulation of p62, and upregulation of LC3 and the ratio of LC3 I/II, indicating that G-Rb1 restrained UUO-induced activation of autophagy. Furthermore, we found that treatment of HBSS-induced HK-2 cells with G-Rb1 resulted in AMPK/mTOR and ERK, p38 MAPKs signaling pathways regulated autophagy inhibition. These findings may explain, in part, the molecular mechanisms by which G-Rb1 could be applied in the treatment of patients with CKD, further suggesting that autophagy and its associated molecular signaling pathway may be new targets for the treatment of renal fibrosis and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Pathology Department, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Kim N, Lertnimitphun P, Jiang Y, Tan H, Zhou H, Lu Y, Xu H. Andrographolide inhibits inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated macrophages and murine acute colitis through activating AMPK. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang H, Gao Y, Wang J, Cheng M. Computational Strategy Revealing the Structural Determinant of Ligand Selectivity towards Highly Similar Protein Targets. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 21:76-88. [PMID: 31556854 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190926113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor selectivity of drug candidates may lead to toxicity and side effects accounting for as high as 60% failure rate, thus, the selectivity is consistently significant and challenging for drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To find highly specific small molecules towards very similar protein targets, multiple strategies are always employed, including (1) To make use of the diverse shape of binding pocket to avoid steric bump; (2) To increase binding affinities for favorite residues; (3) To achieve selectivity through allosteric regulation of target; (4) To stabalize the inactive conformation of protein target and (5) To occupy dual binding pockets of single target. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize computational strategies along with examples of their successful applications in designing selective ligands, with the aim to provide insights into everdiversifying drug development practice and inspire medicinal chemists to utilize computational strategies to avoid potential side effects due to low selectivity of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
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Pirozzi F, Ren K, Murabito A, Ghigo A. PI3K Signaling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Mechanisms, Targets, and Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2791-2800. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180320120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by irreversible chronic inflammation and airflow obstruction. It affects more than 64 million patients worldwide and it is predicted to become the third cause of death in the industrialized world by 2030. Currently available therapies are not able to block disease progression and to reduce mortality, underlying the need for a better understanding of COPD pathophysiological mechanisms to identify new molecular therapeutic targets. Recent studies demonstrated that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is prominently activated in COPD and correlates with an increased susceptibility of patients to lung infections. PI3Ks have thus emerged as promising alternative drug targets for COPD and a wide array of pan-isoform and isoform-selective inhibitors have been tested in preclinical models and are currently being evaluated in clinical studies. Here, we summarize the recent knowledge on the involvement of PI3K enzymes in the pathophysiology of COPD, and we discuss the most recent results arising from the preclinical as well as the clinical testing of PI3K inhibitors as novel therapeutics for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Pirozzi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Kai Ren
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Murabito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Preclinical efficacy of a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, CMG002, alone and in combination with sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:809-817. [PMID: 31385002 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sorafenib has been the only first systemic drug that improves survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, because the response rate of sorafenib is relatively low, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to improve survival in patients with HCC. This study investigated the effect of CMG002 alone and in combination with sorafenib on HCC in vitro and vivo. METHODS The effect of a newly developed dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, CMG002, on the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 HCC cells was investigated using the MTT assay. Western blotting was performed to assess phosphorylation of the key enzymes in the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. HepG2 cells were inoculated into mice, which were treated with vehicle, sorafenib, CMG002, and their combinations. Tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 and CD31, respectively. Tumor cell apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Levels of key enzymes in the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS The combination of sorafenib and CMG002 additively inhibited Huh-7 and HepG2 cell proliferation compared to single-agent treatment. Sorafenib and CMG002 as single agents differentially inhibited or activated key enzymes in the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. The combination of sorafenib and CMG002 inhibited all key enzymes in the two pathways. Treatment with CMG002 for 4 weeks alone and in combination with sorafenib strongly inhibited tumor growth. CMG002 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, these effects were enhanced when CMG002 was combined with sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CMG002 and sorafenib significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by inhibiting the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. These findings suggest that CMG002 to be a potential novel candidate treatment for HCC.
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Suares A, Tapia C, González-Pardo V. VDR agonists down regulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis and trigger autophagy in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02367. [PMID: 31497671 PMCID: PMC6722267 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor (KSHV/vGPCR) is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. We have previously shown that 1α,25(OH)2D3 or its less-calcemic analog TX 527 inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells expressing vGPCR, NF-κB activity and induces apoptosis in a VDR dependent manner. In this work, we further explored whether 1α,25(OH)2D3 or TX 527 regulates PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis and induces autophagy as part of its antineoplastic mechanism of action. Proliferation assays indicated that vGPCR cell number decreased in presence of LY294002 (PI3K/Akt inhibitor) likewise 1α,25(OH)2D3 or TX 527 (10 nM, 48 h). Also, Akt phosphorylation was found decreased in dose (0.1-100 nM) and time response studies (12-72 h) after both compounds treatments. In addition, decreased phosphorylated Akt was significantly observed in the nucleus. Moreover, regulation of Akt phosphorylation was NF-κB and VDR dependent. TNFAIP3/A20, an ubiquitin-editing enzyme, a direct NF-κB target gene and a negative regulator of Beclin-1, was down-regulated whereas Beclin-1 was up-regulated after 10 nM of 1α,25(OH)2D3 or TX 527 treatment. Decrement in Akt phosphorylation was accompanied by a reduced mTOR phosphorylation and an increase in the autophagy marker LC3-II. Since increment in autophagosomes not always indicates increment in autophagy activity, we used Chloroquine (CQ, 1 μM), an inhibitor of autophagy flow, to confirm autophagy after both VDR agonists treatment. In conclusion, VDR agonists, 1α,25(OH)2D3 or TX 527, inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis and induced autophagy in endothelial cells expressing vGPCR by a VDR-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Suares
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Departamento de Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- IFIBYNE – Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinthya Tapia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Departamento de Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Verónica González-Pardo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Departamento de Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Naderali E, Valipour B, Khaki AA, Soleymani Rad J, Alihemmati A, Rahmati M, Nozad Charoudeh H. Positive Effects of PI3K/Akt Signaling Inhibition on PTEN and P53 in Prevention of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Tumor Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:470-480. [PMID: 31592121 PMCID: PMC6773944 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway regulates cell growth, proliferation and viability in
hematopoietic cells. This pathway always dysregulates in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
PTEN and P53 are tumor suppressor genes correlated with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and both
have a tight link in regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. In this study, we investigated
the effects of dual targeting of PI3K/Akt pathway by combined inhibition with nvp-BKM-120
(PI3K inhibitor) and MK-2206 (Akt inhibitor) in relation with PTEN and P53 on apoptosis and
proliferation of leukemia cells.
Methods: Both T and B ALL cell lines were treated with both inhibitors alone or in combination
with each other, and induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation were evaluated by
flow cytometry. Expression levels of PTEN as well as p53 mRNA and protein were measured by
real-time qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively.
Results: We indicated that both inhibitors (BKM-120 and MK-2206) decreased cell viability and
increased cytotoxicity in leukemia cells. Reduction in Akt phosphorylation increased PTEN and
p53 mRNA and p53 protein level (in PTEN positive versus PTEN negative cell lines). Additionally,
both inhibitors, particularly in combination with each other, increased apoptosis (evaluated
with Annexin V and caspase 3) and reduced proliferation (Ki67 expression) in leukemia cells.
However, administration of IL7 downregulated PTEN and P53 mRNA expression and rescued
cancer cells following inhibition of BKM-120 and MK-2206.
Conclusion: This investigation suggested that inhibition of Akt and PI3K could be helpful in
leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Naderali
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Valipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani Rad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Wang K, Wang X, Hou Y, Zhou H, Mai K, He G. Apoptosis of cancer cells is triggered by selective crosslinking and inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases. Commun Biol 2019; 2:231. [PMID: 31263775 PMCID: PMC6588694 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) have been the most prevalent therapeutic targets in anti-cancer drug development. However, the emergence of drug resistance toward single target RTK inhibitors remains a major challenge to achieve long-term remissions. Development of alternative RTK inhibitory strategies that bypass drug resistance is much wanted. In the present study, we found that selected cell surface RTKs were inhibited and crosslinked into detergent resistant complexes by oligomeric but not monomeric concanavalin A (ConA). The inhibition of RTKs by ConA led to suppression of pro-survival pathways and induction of apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines, while overexpression of constitutively activated protein kinase B (AKT) reversed the apoptotic effect. However, major cell stress sensing checkpoints were not influenced by ConA. To our knowledge, selective crosslinking and inhibition of cell surface receptors by ConA-like molecules might represent a previously unidentified mechanism that could be potentially exploited for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Yiying Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China
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Chan JYH, Chan SHH. Differential impacts of brain stem oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:120-136. [PMID: 31153955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on work-done in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), this review presents four lessons learnt from studying the differential impacts of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone and their clinical and therapeutic implications. The first lesson is that an increase in sympathetic vasomotor tone because of augmented oxidative stress in the RVLM is responsible for the generation of neurogenic hypertension. On the other hand, a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM underpins the succession of increase to decrease in sympathetic vasomotor tone during the progression towards brain stem death. The second lesson is that, by having different cellular sources, regulatory mechanisms on synthesis and degradation, kinetics of chemical reactions, and downstream signaling pathways, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species should not be regarded as a singular moiety. The third lesson is that well-defined differential roles of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress with distinct regulatory mechanisms in the RVLM during neurogenic hypertension and brain stem death clearly denote that they are not interchangeable phenomena with unified cellular actions. Special attention must be paid to their beneficial or detrimental roles under a specific disease or a particular time-window of that disease. The fourth lesson is that, to be successful, future antioxidant therapies against neurogenic hypertension must take into consideration the much more complicated picture than that presented in this review on the generation, maintenance, regulation or modulation of the sympathetic vasomotor tone. The identification that the progression towards brain stem death entails a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM may open a new vista for therapeutic intervention to slow down this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Maruca A, Ambrosio FA, Lupia A, Romeo I, Rocca R, Moraca F, Talarico C, Bagetta D, Catalano R, Costa G, Artese A, Alcaro S. Computer-based techniques for lead identification and optimization I: Basics. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis chapter focuses on computational techniques for identifying and optimizing lead molecules, with a special emphasis on natural compounds. A number of case studies have been specifically discussed, such as the case of the naphthyridine scaffold, discovered through a structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) and proposed as the starting point for further lead optimization process, to enhance its telomeric RNA selectivity. Another example is the case of Liphagal, a tetracyclic meroterpenoid extracted fromAka coralliphaga, known as PI3Kα inhibitor, provide an evidence for the design of new active congeners against PI3Kα using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These are only two of the numerous examples of the computational techniques’ powerful in drug design and drug discovery fields. Finally, the design of drugs that can simultaneously interact with multiple targets as a promising approach for treating complicated diseases has been reported. An example of polypharmacological agents are the compounds extracted from mushrooms identified by means of molecular docking experiments. This chapter may be a useful manual of molecular modeling techniques used in the lead-optimization and lead identification processes.
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Suppression of PDGF induces neuronal apoptosis after neonatal cerebral hypoxia and ischemia by inhibiting P-PI3K and P-AKT signaling pathways. Brain Res 2019; 1719:77-88. [PMID: 31082354 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) always results in severe neurologic dysfunction, nevertheless effective treatments are limited and the underlying mechanism also remains unclear. In this study, we firstly established the neonatal HIE model in the postnatal day 7 SD rats, Zea-Longa score and TTC staining were employed to assess the neurological behavior and infarct volume of the brain after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Afterwards, protein chip was adopted to detect the differential proteins in the right cortex, hippocampus and lung, ultimately, PDGF was noticed. Then, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence double staining of NeuN/PDGF, and western blot were used to validate the expression level of PDGF in the cortex and hippocampus at 6 hours (h), 12 h and 24 h after HI. To determine the role of PDGF, the primary cortical neurons were prepared and performed PDGF shRNA administration. The results showed that HIE induced a severe behavioral dysfunction and brain infarction in neonatal rats, and the expression of PDGF in right cortex and hippocampus was remarkably increased after HI. Whereas, suppressing PDGF resulted in a significant loss of neurons and inhibition of neurite growth. Moreover, the protein level of P-PI3K and P-AKT signaling pathways were largely decreased following PDGF-shRNA application in the cortical neurons. In conclusion, PDGF suppression aggravated neuronal dysfunction, and the underlying mechanism is associated with inhibiting the phosphorylation of P-PI3K and P-AKT. Together, PDGF regulating PI3K and AKT may be an important panel in HIE events and therefore may provide possible strategy for the treatment of HIE in future clinic trail.
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A class of highly selective inhibitors bind to an active state of PI3Kγ. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:348-357. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rai SN, Dilnashin H, Birla H, Singh SS, Zahra W, Rathore AS, Singh BK, Singh SP. The Role of PI3K/Akt and ERK in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:775-795. [PMID: 30707354 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-0003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of Akt and Erk-mediated signal transduction significantly contributes in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's diseases, Huntington's disease, and many others. These regulatory proteins serve as the regulator of cell survival, motility, transcription, metabolism, and progression of the cell cycle. Therefore, targeting Akt and Erk pathway has been proposed as a reasonable approach to suppress ND progression. This review has emphasized on involvement of Akt/Erk cascade in the neurodegeneration. Akt has been reported to regulate neuronal toxicity through its various substrates like FOXos, GSK3β, and caspase-9 etc. Akt is also involved with PI3K in signaling pathway to mediate neuronal survival. ERK is another kinase which also regulates proliferation, differentiation, and survival of the neural cell. There has also been much progress in developing a therapeutic molecule targeting Akt and Erk signaling. Therefore, improved understanding of the molecular mechanism behind the regulatory aspect of Akt and Erk networks can make strong impact on exploration of the neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.
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Key Words
- 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- HD, Huntington disease
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein-extracellular kinase
- MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- NDs, neurodegenerative disorders
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida Nand Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saumitra Sen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Centre, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Li M, Sala V, De Santis MC, Cimino J, Cappello P, Pianca N, Di Bona A, Margaria JP, Martini M, Lazzarini E, Pirozzi F, Rossi L, Franco I, Bornbaum J, Heger J, Rohrbach S, Perino A, Tocchetti CG, Lima BH, Teixeira MM, Porporato PE, Schulz R, Angelini A, Sandri M, Ameri P, Sciarretta S, Lima-Júnior RCP, Mongillo M, Zaglia T, Morello F, Novelli F, Hirsch E, Ghigo A. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Gamma Inhibition Protects From Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity and Reduces Tumor Growth. Circulation 2018; 138:696-711. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Li
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Valentina Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, S.C. Emergency Medicine, Torino, Italy (V.S., F.M.)
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - James Cimino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy (P.C., F.N.)
| | - Nicola Pianca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
| | - Anna Di Bona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (A.D.B., A.A., T.Z.)
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, University of Genova and IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, Italy (E.L., P.A.)
| | - Flora Pirozzi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy (F.P., C.G.T.)
| | - Luca Rossi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Irene Franco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Julia Bornbaum
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany (J.B., J.H., S.R., R.S.)
| | - Jacqueline Heger
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany (J.B., J.H., S.R., R.S.)
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany (J.B., J.H., S.R., R.S.)
| | - Alessia Perino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Carlo G. Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy (F.P., C.G.T.)
| | - Braulio H.F. Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (B.H.F.L., M.M.T.)
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (B.H.F.L., M.M.T.)
| | - Paolo E. Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany (J.B., J.H., S.R., R.S.)
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (A.D.B., A.A., T.Z.)
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, University of Genova and IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, Italy (E.L., P.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Roberto César P. Lima-Júnior
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Cancer, Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil (R.C.P.L.-J.)
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
| | - Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (A.D.B., A.A., T.Z.)
| | - Fulvio Morello
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, S.C. Emergency Medicine, Torino, Italy (V.S., F.M.)
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy (P.C., F.N.)
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
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Li X, Hu X, Wang J, Xu W, Yi C, Ma R, Jiang H. Inhibition of autophagy via activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to the protection of hesperidin against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1917-1924. [PMID: 30066841 PMCID: PMC6108872 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin has been reported to attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, its effect on autophagy during myocardial I/R and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether hesperidin inhibited I/R-induced excessive myocardial autophagy through activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Male adult rats were pretreated with hesperidin for a total of 3 days prior to ischemia in the absence or presence of LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, and then subjected to ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h. Myocardial infarct size was measured by Evans blue/triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for observing the histological changes in the heart, and the serum levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, the protein levels of light chain (LC) 3II, Beclin1, phosphorylated (p)-mTOR, p-Akt and p-PI3K were determined by western blot analysis. Hesperidin pretreatment significantly decreased the myocardial infarct size, myocardial damage and serum levels of CK-MB and cTnI. Furthermore, the expression levels of LC3II and Beclin1 were significantly downregulated and the expression levels of p-mTOR, p-Akt and p-PI3K were markedly upregulated by hesperidin. However, the aforementioned effects as a result of hesperidin were significantly reversed by the presence of LY294002. These results demonstrated that hesperidin reduced myocardial I/R injury by suppressing excessive autophagy. Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributed to the inhibitory effect of hesperidin on excessive autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jichun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Weipan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huangshi Center Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Chunfeng Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ruisong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Ratcliffe LE, Vázquez Villaseñor I, Jennings L, Heath PR, Mortiboys H, Schwartzentruber A, Karyka E, Simpson JE, Ince PG, Garwood CJ, Wharton SB. Loss of IGF1R in Human Astrocytes Alters Complex I Activity and Support for Neurons. Neuroscience 2018; 390:46-59. [PMID: 30056117 PMCID: PMC6372003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have established a novel human astrocyte-neuron co-culture system. Astrocytes provided contact-mediated support for neurite outgrowth. IGF1R-impaired astrocytes are less able to protect neurons under stress conditions. Microarray analysis of these astrocytes identified changes in energy metabolism.
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling pathways are implicated in longevity and in progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Previously, we showed that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and downstream signaling transcripts are reduced in astrocytes in human brain with progression of Alzheimer’s neuropathology and developed a model of IGF1 signaling impairment in human astrocytes using an IGF1R-specific monoclonal antibody, MAB391. Here, we have established a novel human astrocyte-neuron co-culture system to determine whether loss of astrocytic IGF1R affects their support for neurons. Astrocyte-neuron co-cultures were developed using human primary astrocytes and differentiated Lund Human Mesencephalic Cells (LUHMES). Neurite outgrowth assays, performed to measure astrocytic support for neurons, showed astrocytes provided contact-mediated support for neurite outgrowth. Loss of IGF1R did not affect neurite outgrowth under control conditions but when challenged with hydrogen peroxide IGF1R-impaired astrocytes were less able to protect LUHMES. To determine how loss of IGF1R affects neuronal support MAB391-treated astrocytes were FACS sorted from GFP-LUHMES and their transcriptomic profile was investigated using microarrays. Changes in transcripts involved in astrocyte energy metabolism were identified, particularly NDUFA2 and NDUFB6, which are related to complex I assembly. Loss of complex I activity in MAB391-treated astrocytes validated these findings. In conclusion, reduced IGF1 signaling in astrocytes impairs their support for neurons under conditions of stress and this is associated with defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Ratcliffe
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Irina Vázquez Villaseñor
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Luke Jennings
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Aurelie Schwartzentruber
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Evangelia Karyka
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Paul G Ince
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Claire J Garwood
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
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Wang Y, Jin L, Song Y, Zhang M, Shan D, Liu Y, Fang M, Lv F, Xiao RP, Zhang Y. β-arrestin 2 mediates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting GPCR-independent cell survival signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1615-1626. [PMID: 29016703 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although timely restoration of coronary blood flow (reperfusion) is the most effective therapeutics of myocardial infarction, reperfusion causes further cardiac damage, i.e. ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. β-arrestins (Arrbs) have been traditionally defined as negative regulators of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling, but recent studies have shown that they are essential for G protein-independent, GPCR-mediated biased signalling. Several ligands have been reported to be cardioprotective via Arrbs dependent pathway. However, it is unclear whether Arrbs exert receptor-independent physiological or pathological functions in the heart. Here, we sought to determine whether and how Arrbs play a role in regulating cardiomyocyte viability and myocardial remodelling following I/R injury. Methods and results The expression of β-arrestin 2 (Arrb2), but not β-arrestin 1 (Arrb1), is upregulated in rat hearts subjected to I/R injury, or in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Deficiency of Arrb2 in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes alleviates H/R-induced cardiomyocyte death and Arrb2-/- mice are resistant to myocardial damage caused by I/R injury. In contrast, upregulation of Arrb2 triggers cardiomyocyte death and exaggerates I/R (or H/R)-induced detrimental effects. Mechanically, Arrb2 induces cardiomyocyte death by interacting with the p85 subunit of PI3K, and negatively regulating the formation of p85-PI3K/CaV3 survival complex, thus blocking activation of PI3K-Akt-GSK3β cell survival signalling pathway. Conclusion We define an upregulation of Arrb2 as a pathogenic factor in cardiac I/R injury, and also reveal a novel GPCR-independent mechanism of Arrb2-mediated cell death signalling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fengxiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Tsai CY, Dai KY, Fang C, Wu JCC, Chan SHH. PTEN/FLJ10540/PI3K/Akt cascade in experimental brain stem death: A newfound role for a classical tumorigenic signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:207-212. [PMID: 30008438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite great advances in contemporary medicine, brain death still remains enigmatic and its cellular and molecular mechanisms unsettled. This review summarizes recent findings that substantiate the notion that PTEN/FLJ10540/PI3K/Akt cascade, the classical tumorigenic signaling pathway, is actively engaged in experimental brain stem death. These results were based on a clinically relevant animal model that employs the pesticide mevinphos as the experimental insult in Sprague-Dawley rats to mimic brain stem death in patients died of organophosphate poisoning. The neural substrate investigated is the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a brain stem site classically known to maintain arterial pressure (AP) and is established to be the origin of a "life-and-death" signal detected from AP, which reflects brain stem cardiovascular dysregulation that precedes death. Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the RVLM upregulates the nuclear factor-κB/nitric oxide synthase II/peroxynitrite cascade, resulting in impairment of brain stem cardiovascular regulation that leads to the loss of the "life-and-death" signal in experimental brain stem death. This process is reinforced by FLJ10540, a PI3K-association protein; and is counteracted by PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling. The concept that a classical signaling pathway in tumorigenesis is also an active player in cardiovascular dysregulation in brain stem death provides new ramifications for translational medicine. It promulgates the concept that rather than focusing on a particular disease condition, a new vista for future therapeutic strategy against both fatal eventualities should target at this common cellular cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kuang-Yu Dai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi Fang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jacqueline C C Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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49
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) bind specifically to the IGF1 receptor on the cell surface of targeted tissues. Ligand binding to the α subunit of the receptor leads to a conformational change in the β subunit, resulting in the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Activated receptor phosphorylates several substrates, including insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and Src homology collagen (SHC). Phosphotyrosine residues in these substrates are recognized by certain Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing signaling molecules. These include, for example, an 85 kDa regulatory subunit (p85) of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), growth factor receptor-bound 2 (GRB2) and SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2/Syp). These bindings lead to the activation of downstream signaling pathways, PI 3-kinase pathway and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway. Activation of these signaling pathways is known to be required for the induction of various bioactivities of IGFs, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In this review, the well-established IGF1 receptor signaling pathways required for the induction of various bioactivities of IGFs are introduced. In addition, we will discuss how IGF signals are modulated by the other extracellular stimuli or by themselves based on our studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Hakuno
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Wang JL, Li HJ, Wu YC. Divergent Synthesis of Marine Natural Products Siphonodictyal B, Corallidictyals C/D, and Liphagal Based on the Early Presence of an Aldehyde Group Instead of a Late-Stage Introduction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8716-8723. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, ICCAS, Beijing 100190, China
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