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Xu D, Dai X, Zhang L, Cai Y, Chen K, Wu J, Dong L, Shen L, Yang J, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Mei Z, Wei W, Zhang Z, Xiong N. Mass spectrometry for biomarkers, disease mechanisms, and drug development in cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2024; 173:117626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2024.117626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
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2
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Gfeller L, Caplette JN, Frossard A, Mestrot A. Organo-mercury species in a polluted agricultural flood plain: Combining speciation methods and polymerase chain reaction to investigate pathways of contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119854. [PMID: 35998774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of organic mercury (Hg) species in polluted soils is a necessary tool to assess the environmental risk(s) of mercury in contaminated legacy sites. The artificial formation of monomethylmercury (MeHg) during soil extraction and/or analysis is a well-known limitation and is especially relevant in highly polluted areas where MeHg/Hg ratios are notoriously low. Although this has been known for almost 30 years, the thorough characterisation of artificial formation rates is rarely a part of the method development in scientific literature. Here we present the application of two separate procedures (inorganic Hg (iHg) spiking and double-spike isotope dilution analyses (DSIDA)) to determine and correct for artificial Hg methylation in MeHg-selective acid-leaching/organic solvent extraction procedure. Subsequently, we combined corrected MeHg and ethylmercury (EtHg) measurements with PCR amplification of hgcA genes to distinguish between naturally formed MeHg from primary deposited MeHg in soils from a legacy site in a Swiss mountain valley. We found the DSIDA procedure incompatible with the organomercury selective extraction method due to the quantitative removal of iHg. Methylation factors from iHg spiking were in the range of (0.0075 ± 0.0001%) and were consistent across soils and sediment matrices. Further, we suggest that MeHg was deposited and not formed in-situ in two out of three studied locations. Our line of evidence consists of 1) the concomitant detection of EtHg, 2) the elevated MeHg concentrations (up to 4.84 μg kg-1), and 3) the absence of hgcA genes at these locations. The combination of Hg speciation and methylation gene (hgcA) abundance analyses are tools suited to assess Hg pollution pathways at Hg legacy sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Gfeller
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jaime N Caplette
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aline Frossard
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Mestrot
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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3
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Tercier-Waeber ML, Abdou M, Fighera M, Kowal J, Bakker E, van der Wal P. In Situ Voltammetric Sensor of Potentially Bioavailable Inorganic Mercury in Marine Aquatic Systems Based on Gel-Integrated Nanostructured Gold-Based Microelectrode Arrays. ACS Sens 2021; 6:925-937. [PMID: 33599131 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development and field validation of newly designed nanostructured gold-plated gel-integrated microelectrode (Au-GIME) arrays applied to the direct in situ square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) quantification of the potentially bioavailable inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) species in the coastal area are presented. The Au-GIME consists of arrays of 100-500 interconnected iridium (Ir)-based microdisks that are electroplated with renewable Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) or Au nanofilaments (AuNFs) and covered with an agarose gel. The gel protects the sensor surface from fouling and ensures that mass transport of analytes toward the sensor surface is by pure diffusion only and therefore independent of the ill-controlled convective conditions of the media. The responses of these sensors to direct SWASV measurements of inorganic Hg(II) at near-neutral pH were investigated first in synthetic media and then in UV-irradiated marine samples. The analytical responses were found to be correlated to the number of interconnected microelectrodes and the morphology of the nanostructured Au deposits and independent of the media composition for chloride concentration ≥0.2 M (salinity S ≥ 13) and pH ranging from 7 to 8.5. The AuNF-GIMEs have detection and quantification limits at a low pM level, fulfilling the requirement of sentinel tools for real-time monitoring of the dynamic fraction of Hg(II) in coastal area. The AuNF-GIMEs were incorporated in an in-house advanced multichannel sensing probe for remote in situ high-resolution trace metal monitoring. Field evaluation and validation were successfully performed as a part of a field study in Arcachon Bay (France), from which environmental data are presented. This work marks the first time that an autonomous electrochemical sensing probe successfully measures Hg(II) and its hourly temporal variation in situ without chemical modification of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Lou Tercier-Waeber
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Melina Abdou
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Fighera
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2002 Neuchâtel 2, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Kowal
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Peter van der Wal
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2002 Neuchâtel 2, Switzerland
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4
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Impact of Old and Recent Gold Mining Sites on Mercury Fluxes in Suspended Particulate Matter, Water and Sediment in French Guiana. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2006 the use of mercury (Hg) was banned for gold mining in French Guiana. However, mining of old placers could mobilize Hg accumulated in soils and sediment. This study aimed to measure the current impact of a mining concession (Boulanger site) on the Hg load in the watershed. Turbidity, Total Mercury (THg), and Monomethylmercury (MMHg) were measured in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), river sediment and sediments from old tailing ponds along a river section of 30 km up and downstream from a mining concession in French Guiana during a dry and a rainy season. Total dissolved Hg (THgD) concentrations varied little from up- to down-stream but were all higher (fourfold on average) during the rainy season (3.2 to 4.4 ng L−1), than during the dry season and consistent with previous data known for the Amazonian area. Dissolved MMHg (MMHgD) represented up to 30% of THgD during the dry season, which is higher than previous results (typically around 2%). Mercury concentrations in sediments were highest in the vicinity of areas affected by old (before 2006) rather than new gold mining practices. Even though Hg was banned in 2006, present gold mining practices still release natural Hg and Hg inherited from older mining practices into the watershed.
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Krata AA, Wojciechowski M, Bulska E. Reference values of methyl mercury mass fractions in new type of environmental matrix-matching materials for speciation analysis assigned by species-specific isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Bravo AG, Kothawala DN, Attermeyer K, Tessier E, Bodmer P, Ledesma JLJ, Audet J, Casas-Ruiz JP, Catalán N, Cauvy-Fraunié S, Colls M, Deininger A, Evtimova VV, Fonvielle JA, Fuß T, Gilbert P, Herrero Ortega S, Liu L, Mendoza-Lera C, Monteiro J, Mor JR, Nagler M, Niedrist GH, Nydahl AC, Pastor A, Pegg J, Gutmann Roberts C, Pilotto F, Portela AP, González-Quijano CR, Romero F, Rulík M, Amouroux D. The interplay between total mercury, methylmercury and dissolved organic matter in fluvial systems: A latitudinal study across Europe. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:172-182. [PMID: 30029076 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale studies are needed to identify the drivers of total mercury (THg) and monomethyl-mercury (MeHg) concentrations in aquatic ecosystems. Studies attempting to link dissolved organic matter (DOM) to levels of THg or MeHg are few and geographically constrained. Additionally, stream and river systems have been understudied as compared to lakes. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of DOM concentration and composition, morphological descriptors, land uses and water chemistry on THg and MeHg concentrations and the percentage of THg as MeHg (%MeHg) in 29 streams across Europe spanning from 41°N to 64 °N. THg concentrations (0.06-2.78 ng L-1) were highest in streams characterized by DOM with a high terrestrial soil signature and low nutrient content. MeHg concentrations (7.8-159 pg L-1) varied non-systematically across systems. Relationships between DOM bulk characteristics and THg and MeHg suggest that while soil derived DOM inputs control THg concentrations, autochthonous DOM (aquatically produced) and the availability of electron acceptors for Hg methylating microorganisms (e.g. sulfate) drive %MeHg and potentially MeHg concentration. Overall, these results highlight the large spatial variability in THg and MeHg concentrations at the European scale, and underscore the importance of DOM composition on mercury cycling in fluvial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Bravo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Dolly N Kothawala
- Limnology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katrin Attermeyer
- Limnology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- CNRS/ UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254, MIRA, Pau, France
| | - Pascal Bodmer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany; Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - José L J Ledesma
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Audet
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Núria Catalán
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Colls
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
| | - Anne Deininger
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vesela V Evtimova
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystems, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jérémy A Fonvielle
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuß
- Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; WasserCluster Biological Station Lunz, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Peter Gilbert
- The Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, Scotland, UK
| | - Sonia Herrero Ortega
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin, Germany
| | - Liu Liu
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Clara Mendoza-Lera
- IRSTEA, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | - Juliana Monteiro
- Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi-René Mor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Nagler
- Microbial Resource Management, Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg H Niedrist
- River and Conservation Research, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna C Nydahl
- Limnology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ada Pastor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
| | - Josephine Pegg
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, UK; University Centre Sparsholt, Winchester, UK
| | | | - Francesca Pilotto
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ana Paula Portela
- Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ferran Romero
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
| | - Martin Rulík
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Amouroux
- CNRS/ UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254, MIRA, Pau, France.
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7
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Bridou R, Rodriguez-Gonzalez P, Stoichev T, Amouroux D, Monperrus M, Navarro P, Tessier E, Guyoneaud R. Methylation and dealkykation of tin compounds by sulfate- and nitrate-reducing bacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:871-879. [PMID: 30068030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, axenic cultures of sulfate-reducing (SRB) and nitrate-reducing (NRB) bacteria were examined for their ability to methylate inorganic tin and to methylate or dealkylate butyltin compounds. Environmentally relevant concentrations of natural abundance tributyltin (TBT) and 116Sn-enriched inorganic tin were added to bacterial cultures to identify bacterial-mediated methylation and dealkylation reactions. The results show that none of the Desulfovibrio strains tested was able to induce any transformation process. In contrast, Desulfobulbus propionicus strain DSM-6523 degraded TBT either under sulfidogenic or non-sulfidogenic conditions. In addition, it was able to alkykate 116Sn-enriched inorganic tin leading to the formation of more toxic dimethyltin and trimethyltin. A similar capacity was observed for incubations of Pseudomonas but with a much greater dealkykation of TBT. As such, Pseudomonas sp. ADR42 degraded 61% of the initial TBT under aerobic conditions and 35% under nitrate-reducing conditions. This is the first work reporting a simultaneous TBT degradation and a methylation of both inorganic tin species and TBT dealkykation products by SRB and NRB under anoxic conditions. These reactions are environmentally relevant as they can control the mobility of these compounds in aquatic ecosystems; as well as their toxicity toward resident organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bridou
- CNRS / Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Pablo Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- CNRS / Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Teodor Stoichev
- CNRS / Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - David Amouroux
- CNRS / Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- CNRS / Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Patricia Navarro
- CNRS / Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- CNRS / Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- CNRS / Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France.
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8
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Song B, He H, Chen L, Yang S, Yongguang Y, Li Y. Speciation of Mercury in Microalgae by Isotope Dilution-inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1269119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huijun He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lufeng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin Yongguang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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9
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Nguetseng R, Fliedner A, Knopf B, Lebreton B, Quack M, Rüdel H. Retrospective monitoring of mercury in fish from selected European freshwater and estuary sites. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:427-434. [PMID: 25989521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Levels and trends of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) compounds in bream (Abramis brama) from different European sites were compared. Bream were collected between 2007 and 2013 in the estuaries of the rivers Scheldt (Netherlands), Rhône (France), Göta älv (Sweden), Tees (United Kingdom), and Mersey (UK), and in Lake Belau (Germany). A direct mercury analyzer was used to determine THg concentrations while MeHg was measured by gas chromatography/inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry applying stable isotope dilution. THg and MeHg in annual pool samples of bream ranged between 15.9 and 251 μg kg(-1) wet weight (ww) with lowest concentrations found at the reference site Lake Belau and highest in samples from the river Rhône. The EU environmental quality standard (EQS) of 20 μg kg(-1) ww was exceeded at all sites and in all years except at Lake Belau in 2012. Significantly decreasing trends over time were observed only in bream from the Rhône, while THg increased in bream from the Western Scheldt. The MeHg fractions of THg were always >80% and a significant difference between sites was detected only in one case (Rhône vs. Lake Belau).
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Nguetseng
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Annette Fliedner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Knopf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Benoit Lebreton
- UMR Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), CNRS - Université de La Rochelle, Institut du littoral et de l'environnement, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Markus Quack
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
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10
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Experimental design for TBT quantification by isotope dilution SPE–GC–ICP–MS under the European water framework directive. Talanta 2015; 134:576-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Markiewicz B, Komorowicz I, Sajnóg A, Belter M, Barałkiewicz D. Chromium and its speciation in water samples by HPLC/ICP-MS--technique establishing metrological traceability: a review since 2000. Talanta 2014; 132:814-28. [PMID: 25476383 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromium holds a special position among living organisms because depending on its species it can be either essential or toxic. Cr(VI) even at very low concentrations is harmful and carcinogenic, while Cr(III) is a necessary microelement for cellular metabolism. Therefore, a simple analysis of Cr concentration in collected samples will not be able to distinguish these differences effectively: for a proper chemical analysis we need to perform a reliable detection and quantification of Cr species. Separation and detection of chromium can be accomplished with high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS) in a one-step. Our review assembles articles published since 2000 regarding chromium speciation in water samples with the use of HPLC/ICP-MS. It addresses the following issues: chromium chemistry, the possibilities of dealing with interferences, metrological aspects, analytical performance and speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) which is a definitive measurement method. The authors would like to advocate this hyphenated advanced technique as well as the metrological approach in speciation analysis of chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Markiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Komorowicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Sajnóg
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Belter
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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12
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Bravo AG, Le Faucheur S, Monperrus M, Amouroux D, Slaveykova VI. Species-specific isotope tracers to study the accumulation and biotransformation of mixtures of inorganic and methyl mercury by the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 192:212-215. [PMID: 24932531 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that species-specific isotope tracing is an useful tool to precisely measure Hg accumulation and transformations capabilities of living organisms at concentrations naturally encountered in the environment. To that end, a phytoplanktonic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyceae) was exposed to mixtures of (199)-isotopically enriched inorganic mercury ((199)IHg) and of (201)-isotopically enriched monomethylmercury ((201)CH3Hg) at a concentration range between less than 1 pM to 4 nM. Additionally, one exposure concentration of both mercury species was also studied separately to evaluate possible interactive effects. No difference in the intracellular contents was observed for algae exposed to (199)IHg and (201)CH3Hg alone or in their mixture, suggesting similar accumulation capacity for both species at the studied concentrations. Demethylation of (201)CH3Hg was observed at the highest exposure concentrations, whereas no methylation was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Garcia Bravo
- University of Geneva, Earth and Environment Sciences, Institute F.-A. Forel, 10 route de Suisse, CP 416, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
| | - Séverine Le Faucheur
- University of Geneva, Earth and Environment Sciences, Institute F.-A. Forel, 10 route de Suisse, CP 416, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM UMR 5254 CNRS - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc, 2, Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex, France
| | - David Amouroux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM UMR 5254 CNRS - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc, 2, Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- University of Geneva, Earth and Environment Sciences, Institute F.-A. Forel, 10 route de Suisse, CP 416, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
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da Silva MAO, Sussulini A, Arruda MAZ. Metalloproteomics as an interdisciplinary area involving proteins and metals. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:387-400. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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A new methodology involving stable isotope tracer to compare simultaneously short- and long-term selenium mobility in soils. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1221-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Gentès S, Monperrus M, Legeay A, Maury-Brachet R, Davail S, André JM, Guyoneaud R. Incidence of invasive macrophytes on methylmercury budget in temperate lakes: central role of bacterial periphytic communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 172:116-123. [PMID: 23022949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated high mercury (Hg) methylation and demethylation in the periphyton associated with floating roots in tropical ecosystems. The importance of aquatic plants on methylmercury production in three temperate ecosystems from south-western France was evaluated through Hg species concentrations, and Hg methylation/demethylation activities by using stable isotopic tracers ((199)Hg(II), Me(201)Hg). Hg accumulation and high methylation and demethylation yields were detected in plant roots and periphyton, whereas results for sediment and water were low to insignificant. The presence of sulfate reducing prokaryotes was detected in all compartments (T-RFLP based on dsrAB amplified through nested PCR) and their main role in Hg methylation could be demonstrated. In turn, sulfate reduction inhibition did not affect demethylation activities. The estimation of net MeHg budgets in these ecosystems suggested that aquatic rhizosphere is the principal location for methylmercury production and may represent an important source for the contamination of the aquatic food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gentès
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, UMR IPREM5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Bâtiment IBEAS, BP1155, F-64013 Pau Cedex, France
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16
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Clémens S, Monperrus M, Donard OF, Amouroux D, Guérin T. Mercury speciation in seafood using isotope dilution analysis: A review. Talanta 2012; 89:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Bouchet S, Bridou R, Tessier E, Rodriguez-Gonzalez P, Monperrus M, Abril G, Amouroux D. An experimental approach to investigate mercury species transformations under redox oscillations in coastal sediments. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 71:1-9. [PMID: 20933266 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a laboratory experiment designed to unravel mercury species reactivity in superficial coastal sediments oscillating between oxic and anoxic conditions. The experimental set-up has been applied to a sediment slurry from the Arcachon Bay (France) to follow the evolution of both naturally occurring (i.e. endogenous) and isotopically enriched added mercury species (i.e. exogenous, ¹⁹⁹IHg and ²⁰¹MMHg) at environmental levels. The transformation and partition between the different phases (aqueous, solid and gaseous) of the endogenous and exogenous mercury species (inorganic Hg (IHg), monomethyl Hg (MMHg), elemental Hg (Hg⁰) and dimethyl Hg (DMHg)) have been investigated by isotopic speciation methods throughout the experiment. The results demonstrate that the experimental approach is able to promote sediment redox oscillations and to simultaneously follow the biogeochemical fate of naturally occurring or added mercury species. Experimentally driven redox transition events were found to significantly enhance the aqueous Hg species concentrations, while the MMHg burden is not greatly affected. Indeed, during the anoxic-oxic transition, while aqueous endogenous IHg and MMHg exhibited a two-fold increase, aqueous exogenous IHg and MMHg increased 7 and 4 times, respectively. Transient increases of the net IHg methylation were recorded during the redox transitions with the largest increase of the MMHg contents (factor 1.8) observed during the oxic-anoxic transition. High resolution in situ redox experiments have not been performed up to now, therefore the developed experimental set-up provides novel insights in both the influence of redox conditions on Hg methylation/demethylation and adsorption/desorption processes and kinetics in superficial sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bouchet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Av. P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
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18
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Popp M, Hann S, Koellensperger G. Environmental application of elemental speciation analysis based on liquid or gas chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 668:114-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Castillo Á, Rodríguez-González P, Centineo G, Roig-Navarro AF, Alonso JIG. Multiple Spiking Species-Specific Isotope Dilution Analysis by Molecular Mass Spectrometry: Simultaneous Determination of Inorganic Mercury and Methylmercury in Fish Tissues. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2773-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9027033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Castillo
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071, Castelló, Spain, and Innovative Solutions in Chemistry S.L., Edificio Científico-Tecnológico Campus de “El Cristo”, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071, Castelló, Spain, and Innovative Solutions in Chemistry S.L., Edificio Científico-Tecnológico Campus de “El Cristo”, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Centineo
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071, Castelló, Spain, and Innovative Solutions in Chemistry S.L., Edificio Científico-Tecnológico Campus de “El Cristo”, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antoni Francesc Roig-Navarro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071, Castelló, Spain, and Innovative Solutions in Chemistry S.L., Edificio Científico-Tecnológico Campus de “El Cristo”, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J. Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071, Castelló, Spain, and Innovative Solutions in Chemistry S.L., Edificio Científico-Tecnológico Campus de “El Cristo”, Oviedo, Spain
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20
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Huguet L, Castelle S, Schäfer J, Blanc G, Maury-Brachet R, Reynouard C, Jorand F. Mercury methylation rates of biofilm and plankton microorganisms from a hydroelectric reservoir in French Guiana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:1338-1348. [PMID: 19914680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Petit-Saut ecosystem is a hydroelectric reservoir covering 365km(2) of flooded tropical forest. This reservoir and the Sinnamary Estuary downstream of the dam are subject to significant mercury methylation. The mercury methylation potential of plankton and biofilm microorganisms/components from different depths in the anoxic reservoir water column and from two different sites along the estuary was assessed. For this, reservoir water and samples of epiphytic biofilms from the trunk of a submerged tree in the anoxic water column and from submerged branches in the estuary were batch-incubated from 1h to 3 months with a nominal 1000ng/L spike of Hg(II) chloride enriched in (199)Hg. Methylation rates were determined for different reservoir and estuarine communities under natural nutrient (reservoir water, estuary freshwater) and artificial nutrient (culture medium) conditions. Methylation rates in reservoir water incubations were the highest with plankton microorganisms sampled at -9.5m depth (0.5%/d) without addition of biofilm components. Mercury methylation rates of incubated biofilm components were strongly enhanced by nutrient addition. The results suggested that plankton microorganisms strongly contribute to the total Hg methylation in the Petit-Saut reservoir and in the Sinnamary Estuary. Moreover, specific methylation efficiencies (%Me(199)Hg(net)/cell) suggested that plankton microorganisms could be more efficient methylating actors than biofilm consortia and that their methylation efficiency may be reduced in the presence of biofilm components. Extrapolation to the reservoir scale of the experimentally determined preliminary methylation efficiencies suggested that plankton microorganisms in the anoxic water column could produce up to 27mol MeHg/year. Taking into account that (i) demethylation probably occurs in the reservoir and (ii) that the presence of biofilm components may limit the methylation efficiency of plankton microorganisms, this result is highly consistent with the annual net MeHg production estimated from mass balances (8.1mol MeHg/year, Muresan et al., 2008a).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huguet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, CNRS-Nancy-Université, Villers-les-Nancy, France
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Leopold K, Foulkes M, Worsfold P. Methods for the determination and speciation of mercury in natural waters--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 663:127-38. [PMID: 20206001 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises current knowledge on Hg species and their distribution in the hydrosphere and gives typical concentration ranges in open ocean, coastal and estuarine waters, as well as in rivers, lakes, rain and ground waters. The importance of reliable methods for the determination of Hg species in natural waters and the analytical challenges associated with them are discussed. Approaches for sample collection and storage, pre-concentration, separation, and detection are critically compared. The review covers well established methods for total mercury determination and identifies new approaches that offer advantages such as ease of use and reduced risk of contamination. Pre-concentration and separation techniques for Hg speciation are divided into chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods. Derivatisation methods and the coupling of pre-concentration and/or separation methods to suitable detection techniques are also discussed. Techniques for sample pre-treatment, pre-concentration, separation, and quantification of Hg species, together with examples of total Hg determination and Hg speciation analysis in different natural (non-spiked) waters are summarised in tables, with a focus on applications from the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Leopold
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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22
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Yip YC, Lam JCW, Tong WF. Commonly used methodologies for inorganic analysis in international key comparisons. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Sirot V, Guérin T, Mauras Y, Garraud H, Volatier JL, Leblanc JC. Methylmercury exposure assessment using dietary and biomarker data among frequent seafood consumers in France CALIPSO study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 107:30-8. [PMID: 18261721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seafood is considered by toxicologists as the main source of methylmercury (MeHg), but little data is available concerning contamination of seafood and MeHg status of French frequent consumers. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to assess food exposure and biomarker of exposure of MeHg from a group of frequent consumers of seafood. METHODS Two approaches to exposure assessment were used: the currently used food intake and the biomarker of exposure. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess seafood consumptions for 80 products of 385 frequent consumers aged 18 and over in four French coastal areas. Seafood samples were collected in each region considering preservation methods and supply habits according to a total diet study sampling. Food samples were analyzed for MeHg. Exposure was assessed by combining consumptions with contamination data. Whole blood samples were collected from the volunteers and analyzed for MeHg. RESULTS The mean dietary exposure to MeHg or weekly intake (WI FFQ) was 1.51+/-1.17 microg/kg bw/wk. Thirty-five percent of the subjects exceed the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), whereas the use of the biological results with the JECFA/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) one-compartment pharmacokinetic model to calculate weekly intake (WI PKM) shows that only 2% of subjects exceed the PTWI. The mean of the individual ratios WI FFQ/WI PKM is 4.3 and the higher the WI FFQ and the blood MeHg level, the lower is the ratio, close to 1-2. CONCLUSIONS These analyses support the assumption that the calculated dose of methylmercury is overestimated with the FFQ-based method used in this study. Since FFQ are commonly used in risk assessments, the overestimate of dose is public health protective and this finding is somewhat reassuring from a public health point of view, especially since the JECFA or EPA have applied uncertainty factors of 3.2 or 3, respectively, to take into account the inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Sirot
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA) (French Food Safety Agency), 27-31 avenue du Général Leclerc, 94701 Maisons Alfort cedex, France.
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24
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Inagaki K, Kuroiwa T, Narukawa T, Yarita T, Takatsu A, Okamoto K, Chiba K. Certification of methylmercury in cod fish tissue certified reference material by species-specific isotope dilution mass spectrometric analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2047-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Stürup S, Hansen HR, Gammelgaard B. Application of enriched stable isotopes as tracers in biological systems: a critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:541-54. [PMID: 17917720 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The application of enriched stable isotopes of minerals and trace elements as tracers in biological systems is a rapidly growing research field that benefits from the many new developments in inorganic mass spectrometric instrumentation, primarily within inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrumentation, such as reaction/collision cell ICP-MS and multicollector ICP-MS with improved isotope ratio measurement and interference removal capabilities. Adaptation and refinement of radioisotope tracer experiment methodologies for enriched stable isotope experiments, and the development of new methodologies coupled with more advanced compartmental and mathematical models for the distribution of elements in living organisms has enabled a broader use of enriched stable isotope experiments in the biological sciences. This review discusses the current and future uses of enriched stable isotope experiments in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stürup
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Monperrus M, Rodriguez Gonzalez P, Amouroux D, Garcia Alonso JI, Donard OFX. Evaluating the potential and limitations of double-spiking species-specific isotope dilution analysis for the accurate quantification of mercury species in different environmental matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:655-66. [PMID: 17899032 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new double-spiking approach, based on a multiple-spiking numerical methodology, has been developed and applied for the accurate quantification of inorganic mercury (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) by GC-ICPMS in different environmental matrices such as water, sediments and a wide range of biological tissues. For this purpose, two enriched mercury species (201MeHg and 199IHg) were added to the samples before sample preparation in order to quantify the extents of the methylation and demethylation processes, and thereby correct the final species concentrations. A critical evaluation of the applicability of this methodology was performed for each type of matrix, highlighting its main advantages and limitations when correcting for the conversion reactions of the species throughout the whole sample preparation procedure. The double-spike isotope dilution (DSIDA) methodology was evaluated by comparing it with conventional species specific isotope dilution (IDA) when analysing both certified reference materials and environmental samples (water, biotissues and sediment). The results demonstrate that this methodology is able to provide both accurate and precise results for IHg and MeHg when their relative concentrations are not too different (ratio MeHg/IHg > 0.05), a condition that holds for most natural waters and biotissues. Significant limitations on the accurate and precise determination of the demethylation factor are however observed, especially for real sediment samples in which the relative concentrations of the species are substantially different (ratio MeHg/IHg < 0.05). A determination of the sources of uncertainty in the methylation/demethylation factors has demonstrated that the accurate and precise measurement of the isotope ratios in the species involved in the transformations is crucial when quantifying the extents of these reactions. Although the double-spike methodology is established as a reference approach that permits the correction of most analytical biases and the accurate quantification of Hg species, some limitations have been identified for the first time in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Monperrus
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64053, Pau, France.
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27
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Björn E, Larsson T, Lambertsson L, Skyllberg U, Frech W. Recent advances in mercury speciation analysis with focus on spectrometric methods and enriched stable isotope applications. AMBIO 2007; 36:443-451. [PMID: 17985698 DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[443:raimsa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses some recent advances in spectrometric methods and approaches for mercury speciation analysis of environmental samples with focus on isotope dilution techniques for determination of mercury species' concentrations in gaseous samples and reaction rates in soils and sediments. Such analytical data is important inter alia in fundamental research on mercury biogeochemistry and for risk assessments of mercury-contaminated soils and sediments and for designing effective remedial actions. The paper describes how the use of enriched stable isotope tracers in mercury speciation analysis can improve the traceability and accuracy of results, facilitate rational method developments, and be useful for studying biogeochemical processes, i.e. rate of reactions and fluxes, of mercury species. In particular the possibilities to study and correct for unwanted species transformation reactions during sample treatment and to study "natural" transformations of species in environmental samples, or micro- and mesocosm ecosystems, during incubations are highlighted. Important considerations to generate relevant data in isotope tracer experiments as well as reliability and quality assurance of mercury speciation analysis in general are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Björn
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden.
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28
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Point D, Davis WC, Garcia Alonso JI, Monperrus M, Christopher SJ, Donard OFX, Becker PR, Wise SA. Simultaneous determination of inorganic mercury, methylmercury, and total mercury concentrations in cryogenic fresh-frozen and freeze-dried biological reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:787-98. [PMID: 17710388 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two speciated isotope dilution (SID) approaches consisting of a single-spike (SS) method and a double-spike (DS) method including a reaction/transformation model for the correction of inadvertent transformations affecting mercury species were compared in terms of accuracy, method performance, and robustness for the simultaneous determination of methylmercury (MeHg), inorganic mercury (iHg), and total mercury (HgT) concentrations in five biological Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). The SRMs consisted of oyster and mussel tissue materials displaying different mercury species concentration levels and different textural/matrix properties including freeze-dried (FD) materials (SRMs 1566b, 2976, and 2977) and cryogenically prepared and stored fresh-frozen (FF) materials (SRMs 1974a, 1974b). Each sample was spiked with (201)iHg (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL) and Me(202)Hg (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements. IRMM-670) solutions and analyzed using alkaline microwave digestion, ethylation, and gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC/ICP-MS). The results obtained by the SS-SID method suggested that FF and FD materials are not always commutable for the simultaneous determination of iHg, MeHg, and HgT, due to potential transformation reactions resulting probably from the methodology and/or from the textural/matrix properties of the materials. These transformations can occasionally significantly affect mercury species concentration results obtained by SS-SID, depending on the species investigated and the materials considered. The results obtained by the DS-SID method indicated that the two classes of materials were commutable. The simultaneous and corrected concentrations of iHg, MeHg, and HgT obtained by this technique were not found to be statistically different form the certified and reference concentration together with their expanded uncertainty budgets for the five SRMs investigated, exemplifying the robustness, the accuracy, and the improved commutability of this method compared to SS-SID measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Point
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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29
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Davis WC, Christopher SJ, Pugh RS, Donard OFX, Krupp EA, Point D, Horvat M, Gibicar D, Kljakovic-Gaspic Z, Porter BJ, Schantz MM. Certification of methylmercury content in two fresh-frozen reference materials: SRM 1947 Lake Michigan fish tissue and SRM 1974b organics in mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis). Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2335-41. [PMID: 17242887 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of two independent analytical methods for the extraction and quantification of methylmercury from marine biota. The procedures involve microwave extraction, followed by derivatization and either headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated silica fiber or back-extraction into iso-octane. The identification and quantification of the extracted compounds is carried out by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (GC/ICP-MS) detection. Both methods were validated for the determination of methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in a variety of biological standard reference materials (SRMs) including fresh-frozen tissue homogenates of SRM 1946 Lake Superior fish tissue and SRM 1974a organics in mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis) and then applied to the certification effort of SRM 1947 Lake Michigan fish tissue and SRM 1974b organics in mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis). While past certifications of methylmercury in tissue SRMs have been based on two independent methods from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and participating laboratories, the methods described within provide improved protocols and will allow future certification efforts to be based on at least two independent analytical methods within NIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Clay Davis
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
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Moreno MJ, Pacheco-Arjona J, Rodríguez-González P, Preud'Homme H, Amouroux D, Donard OFX. Simultaneous determination of monomethylmercury, monobutyltin, dibutyltin and tributyltin in environmental samples by multi-elemental-species-specific isotope dilution analysis using electron ionisation GC-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1491-7. [PMID: 17103388 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the simultaneous determination of four organometallic species (monomethylmercury, monobutyltin, dibutyltin and tributyltin) in environmental samples by using a GC-MS system with electron ionisation has been established. The measurement of isotope ratios in each species was accomplished by selecting the most adequate molecular cluster, and simple mathematical equations were applied to correct the contributions of 13C from the organic groups attached to the tin and mercury atoms. The influence of different parameters such as dwell time on the precision and accuracy of the measured isotope ratios in each target species has also been studied. The determination and the sample preparation procedures presented in this work were first individually validated by analysing several certified reference materials for butyltin compounds (mussel tissue CRM-477 and marine sediment SOPH-1) and for monomethylmercury (tuna fish CRM-464) using an innovative focused microwave technology for the extraction of the species from the solid samples. Additionally, the simultaneous determination of the four species was successfully validated by obtaining quantitative recoveries in spiked natural waters and by analysing the certified reference material BCR-710 (certified in tributyltin and monomethylmercury). The values obtained in such certified tissue were fully in agreement not only with the certified mass fractions but also with the proposed indicative values for mono- and dibutyltin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimenez Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain
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31
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Zeisler R, Murphy KE, Becker DA, Davis WC, Kelly WR, Long SE, Sieber JR. Standard Reference Materials® (SRMs) for measurement of inorganic environmental contaminants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1137-51. [PMID: 17019587 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NIST has developed an extensive collection of environmental SRMs, starting with fuel and biologically related materials in the late 1960s and now encompassing all sectors of environmental research. Advances in analytical methodology, including multi-element isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and expanded instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA) capabilities, enable value assignment based on fewer but better-characterized independent analytical techniques. The special advantages of IDMS for determination of S and Hg and for multi-element characterization of small-sample air particulate matter (SRM 2783) by IDMS and INAA are emphasized. Developments in materials production include the issuance of fresh-frozen biological materials and of jet-milled natural-matrix materials with improved homogeneity, including highly homogeneous air particulate matter and sediment SRMs for small-sample analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Zeisler
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8395, USA.
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Poperechna N, Heumann KG. Simultaneous multi-species determination of trimethyllead, monomethylmercury and three butyltin compounds by species-specific isotope dilution GC–ICP–MS in biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 383:153-9. [PMID: 16136305 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An accurate and sensitive multi-species species-specific isotope dilution GC-ICP-MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of trimethyllead (Me3Pb+), monomethylmercury (MeHg+) and the three butyltin species Bu3Sn+, Bu2Sn2+, and BuSn3+ in biological samples. The method was validated by three biological reference materials (CRM 477, mussel tissue certified for butyltins; CRM 463, tuna fish certified for MeHg+; DORM 2, dogfish muscle certified for MeHg+). Under certain conditions, and with minor modifications of the sample pretreatment procedure, this method could also be transferred to environmental samples such as sediments, as demonstrated by analyzing sediment reference material BCR 646 (freshwater sediment, certified for butyltins). The detection limits of the multi-species GC-ICP-IDMS method for biological samples were 1.4 ng g(-1) for MeHg+, 0.06 ng g(-1) for Me3Pb+, 0.3 ng g(-1) for BuSn3+ and Bu3Sn+, and 1.2 ng g(-1) for Bu2Sn2+. Because of the high relevance of these heavy metal alkyl species to the quality assurance of seafood, the method was also applied to corresponding samples purchased from a supermarket. The methylated lead fraction in these samples, correlated to total lead, varied over a broad range (from 0.01% to 7.6%). On the other hand, the MeHg+ fraction was much higher, normally in the range of 80-100%. Considering that we may expect tighter legislative limitations on MeHg+ levels in seafood in the future, we found the highest methylmercury contents (up to 10.6 microg g(-1)) in two shark samples, an animal which is at the end of the marine food chain, whereas MeHg+ contents of less than 0.2 microg g(-1) were found in most other seafood samples; these results correlate with the idea that MeHg+ is usually of biological origin in the marine environment. The concentration of butyltins and the fraction of the total tin content that is from butyltins strongly depend on possible contamination, due to the exclusively anthropogenic character of these compounds. A broad variation in the butylated tin fraction (in the range of <0.3-49%) was therefore observed in different seafood samples. Corresponding isotope-labeled spike compounds (except for trimethyllead) are commercially available for all of these compounds, and since these can be used in the multi-species species-specific GC-ICP-IDMS method developed here, this technique shows great potential for routine analysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Poperechna
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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Quevauviller P. Traceability of environmental chemical analyses: can theory match practice? Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1800-7. [PMID: 16021419 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 06/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
According to the ISO definition, the traceability concept basically implies that measurement data are linked to stated references through an unbroken chain of comparisons, all with stated uncertainties. This concept may be quite clear in theory, but we may wonder how it may be applicable to complex chemical measurements such as environmental chemical analyses in practice. This paper discusses this issue, giving some examples of drawbacks that are being faced in different environmental sectors (water, sediment, soil, biota and particulate atmospheric samples).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Quevauviller
- K.U. Leuven, Kastelpark Arenberg 21, 3001 Herverlee, Belgium.
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Harrington CF, Vidler DS, Watts MJ, Hall JF. Potential for Using Isotopically Altered Metalloproteins in Species-Specific Isotope Dilution Analysis of Proteins by HPLC Coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2005; 77:4034-41. [PMID: 15987108 DOI: 10.1021/ac050256t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The production and evaluation of an isotopically enriched metalloprotein standard for use as a calibrant in species-specific isotope dilution analysis by HPLC coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is described. Using a model system involving the copper-containing protein rusticyanin (Rc) from the bacterium Acido-thiobacillus ferrooxidans, it was possible to demonstrate the analytical conditions that could be used for the measurement of metalloproteins by on-line IDMS analysis. Rc was chosen because it is a well-characterized protein with an established amino acid sequence and can be produced in suitable quantities using a bacterial recombinant system. Three different forms of the protein were studied by organic and inorganic mass spectrometry: the native form of the protein containing a natural isotopic profile for copper, an isotopically enriched species containing virtually all of its copper as the 65Cu isotope, and the nonmetalated apo form. Incorporation of the copper isotopes into the apo form of the protein was determined using a UV-vis spectrophotometric assay and shown to be complete for each of the copper-containing species. The experimental conditions required to maintain the conformational form of the protein with a nonexchangeable copper center were established using +ve electrospray mass spectrometry. A pH 7.0 buffer was found to afford the most appropriate conditions, and this was then used with HPLC-ICP-MS to verify the stability of the copper center by analysis of mixtures of different isotopic solutions. No exchange of the enriched copper isotope from Rc with an added naturally abundant inorganic copper cation was observed under a neutral pH environment, indicating that species-specific ID-MS analysis of metalloproteins is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris F Harrington
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Biocenter, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK LE1 7RH.
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Monperrus M, Tessier E, Veschambre S, Amouroux D, Donard O. Simultaneous speciation of mercury and butyltin compounds in natural waters and snow by propylation and species-specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 381:854-62. [PMID: 15602618 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A robust method has been developed for simultaneous determination of mercury and butyltin compounds in aqueous samples. This method is capable of providing accurate results for analyte concentrations in the picogram per liter to nanogram per liter range. The simultaneous determination of the mercury and tin compounds is achieved by species-specific isotope dilution, derivatization, and gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (GC-ICP-MS). In derivatization by ethylation and propylation, reaction conditions such as pH and the effect of chloride were carefully studied. Ethylation was found to be more sensitive to matrix effects, especially for mercury compounds. Propylation was thus the preferred derivatization method for simultaneous determination of organomercury and organotin compounds in environmental samples. The analytical method is highly accurate and precise, with RSD values of 1 and 3% for analyte concentrations in the picogram per liter to nanogram per liter range. By use of cleaning procedures and SIDMS blank measurements, detection limits in the range 10-60 pg L(-1) were achieved; these are suitable for determination of background levels of these contaminants in environmental samples. This was demonstrated by using the method for analysis of real snow and seawater samples. This work illustrates the great advantage of species-specific isotope dilution for the validation of an analytical speciation method-the possibility of overcoming species transformations and non-quantitative recovery. Analysis time is saved by use of the simultaneous method, because of the use of a single sample-preparation procedure and one analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monperrus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, CNRS UMR 5034, Hélioparc, 64053 Pau, France
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Lambertsson L, Björn E. Validation of a simplified field-adapted procedure for routine determinations of methyl mercury at trace levels in natural water samples using species-specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 380:871-5. [PMID: 15517198 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Revised: 09/09/2004] [Accepted: 09/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A field-adapted procedure based on species-specific isotope dilution (SSID) methodology for trace-level determinations of methyl mercury (CH(3)Hg(+)) in mire, fresh and sea water samples was developed, validated and applied in a field study. In the field study, mire water samples were filtered, standardised volumetrically with isotopically enriched CH(3) (200)Hg(+), and frozen on dry ice. The samples were derivatised in the laboratory without further pre-treatment using sodium tetraethyl borate (NaB(C(2)H(5))(4)) and the ethylated methyl mercury was purge-trapped on Tenax columns. The analyte was thermo-desorbed onto a GC-ICP-MS system for analysis. Investigations preceding field application of the method showed that when using SSID, for all tested matrices, identical results were obtained between samples that were freeze-preserved or analysed unpreserved. For DOC-rich samples (mire water) additional experiments showed no difference in CH(3)Hg(+) concentration between samples that were derivatised without pre-treatment or after liquid extraction. Extractions of samples for matrix-analyte separation prior to derivatisation are therefore not necessary. No formation of CH(3)Hg(+) was observed during sample storage and treatment when spiking samples with (198)Hg(2+). Total uncertainty budgets for the field application of the method showed that for analyte concentrations higher than 1.5 pg g(-1) (as Hg) the relative expanded uncertainty (REU) was approximately 5% and dominated by the uncertainty in the isotope standard concentration. Below 0.5 pg g(-1) (as Hg), the REU was >10% and dominated by variations in the field blank. The uncertainty of the method is sufficiently low to accurately determine CH(3)Hg(+) concentrations at trace levels. The detection limit was determined to be 4 fg g(-1) (as Hg) based on replicate analyses of laboratory blanks. The described procedure is reliable, considerably faster and simplified compared to non-SSID methods and thereby very suitable for routine applications of CH(3)Hg(+) speciation analysis in a wide range of water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lambertsson
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Norrbyn, 910 20, Hörnefors, Sweden.
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