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Kawamura T, Singh Mallah G, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Svedin P, Jonsson L, Jabbari Shiadeh SM, Goretta F, Ikeda T, Hagberg H, Sandberg M, Mallard C. Therapeutic Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide for Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231198983. [PMID: 37787108 PMCID: PMC10548811 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231198983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and SIRT6 levels in the injured hippocampus.Hippocampal high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) release is significantly increased after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment normalizes hippocampal NAD+ and SIRT6 levels, with significant decrease in caspase-3 activity and HMGB1 release.NMN improves early developmental behavior, as well as motor and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kawamura
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Gagandeep Singh Mallah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Jonsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fanny Goretta
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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N-Acetylcysteine Administration Attenuates Sensorimotor Impairments Following Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416175. [PMID: 36555816 PMCID: PMC9783020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic (HI) brain injury that occurs during neonatal period has been correlated with severe neuronal damage, behavioral deficits and infant mortality. Previous evidence indicates that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a compound with antioxidant action, exerts a potential neuroprotective effect in various neurological disorders including injury induced by brain ischemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of NAC as a potential therapeutic agent in a rat model of neonatal HI brain injury and explore its long-term behavioral effects. To this end, NAC (50 mg/kg/dose, i.p.) was administered prior to and instantly after HI, in order to evaluate hippocampal and cerebral cortex damage as well as long-term functional outcome. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The results revealed that NAC significantly alleviated sensorimotor deficits and this effect was maintained up to adulthood. These improvements in functional outcome were associated with a significant decrease in the severity of brain damage. Moreover, NAC decreased the short-term expression of iNOS, a finding implying that iNOS activity may be suppressed and that through this action NAC may exert its therapeutic action against neonatal HI brain injury.
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Repurposed Edaravone, Metformin, and Perampanel as a Potential Treatment for Hypoxia-Ischemia Encephalopathy: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123043. [PMID: 36551799 PMCID: PMC9775340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy results from the interruption of oxygen delivery and blood flow to the brain. In the developing brain, it can lead to a brain injury, which is associated with high mortality rates and comorbidities. The hippocampus is one of the brain regions that may be affected by hypoxia-ischemia with consequences on cognition. Unfortunately, clinically approved therapeutics are still scarce and limited. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to test three repurposed drugs with good pharmacological properties to evaluate if they can revert, or at least attenuate, the deleterious effects of hypoxia-ischemia in an in vitro model. Edaravone, perampanel, and metformin are used for the treatment of stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, some forms of epileptic status, and diabetes type 2, respectively. Through cell viability assays, morphology analysis, and detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, in two different cell lines (HT-22 and SH-SY5Y), we found that edaravone and low concentrations of perampanel are able to attenuate cell damage induced by hypoxia and oxygen-glucose deprivation. Metformin did not attenuate hypoxic-induced events, at least in the initial phase. Among these repurposed drugs, edaravone emerged as the most efficient in the attenuation of events induced by hypoxia-ischemia, and the safest, since it did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity, even in high concentrations, and induced a decrease in ROS. Our results also reinforce the view that ROS and overexcitation play an important role in the pathophysiology of hypoxia-ischemia brain injury.
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Therapeutic Interventions in Rat Models of Preterm Hypoxic Ischemic Injury: Effects of Hypothermia, Caffeine, and the Influence of Sex. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101514. [PMID: 36294948 PMCID: PMC9605553 DOI: 10.3390/life12101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants born prematurely have an increased risk of experiencing brain injury, specifically injury caused by Hypoxia Ischemia (HI). There is no approved treatment for preterm infants, in contrast to term infants that experience Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) and can be treated with hypothermia. Given this increased risk and lack of approved treatment, it is imperative to explore and model potential treatments in animal models of preterm injury. Hypothermia is one potential treatment, though cooling to current clinical standards has been found to be detrimental for preterm infants. However, mild hypothermia may prove useful. Caffeine is another treatment that is already used in preterm infants to treat apnea of prematurity, and has shown neuroprotective effects. Both of these treatments show sex differences in behavioral outcomes and neuroprotective effects, which are critical to explore when working to translate from animal to human. The effects and research history of hypothermia, caffeine and how sex affects these treatment outcomes will be explored further in this review article.
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Lyu H, Sun DM, Ng CP, Chen JF, He YZ, Lam SY, Zheng ZY, Askarifirouzjaei H, Wang CC, Young W, Poon WS. A new Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy model in neonatal rats. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08646. [PMID: 35024484 PMCID: PMC8723992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) occurs when an infant's brain does not receive adequate blood and oxygen supply, resulting in ischemic and hypoxic brain damage during delivery. Currently, supportive care and hypothermia have been the standard treatment for HIE. However, there are still a 20% mortality and most of the survivors are associated with significant neurodevelopmental disability. HIE animal model was first established by Vannucci et al., in 1981, and has been used extensively to explore the mechanisms of brain damage and its potential treatment. The Vannucci model involves the unilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by 90 min hypoxia (8% oxygen). The purpose of this study is to define and validate a modified HIE model which mimics closely that of the human neonatal HIE. METHOD The classic Vannucci HIE model occludes one common carotid artery followed by 90 min hypoxia. In the new model, common carotid arteries were occluded bilaterally followed by breathing 8% oxygen in a hypoxic chamber for 90, 60 and 30 min, followed by the release of the common carotid artery ligatures, mimicking a reperfusion. RESULT We studied 110 neonatal rats in detail, following the modified in comparison with the classical Vannucci models. The classical Vannucci model has a consistent surgical mortality of 18% and the new modified models have a 20%-46%. While mortality depended on the duration of hypoxia, fifty-two animals survived for behavioral assessments and standard histology. The modified HIE model with 60 min of transient carotid occlusion is associated with a moderate brain damage, and has a 30% surgical mortality. This modified experimental model is regarded closer to the human situation than the classical Vannucci model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lyu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Dong Ming Sun
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chi Ping Ng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Fan Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhong He
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sin Yu Lam
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi Yuan Zheng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hadi Askarifirouzjaei
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wise Young
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Gailus B, Naundorf H, Welzel L, Johne M, Römermann K, Kaila K, Löscher W. Long-term outcome in a noninvasive rat model of birth asphyxia with neonatal seizures: Cognitive impairment, anxiety, epilepsy, and structural brain alterations. Epilepsia 2021; 62:2826-2844. [PMID: 34458992 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Birth asphyxia is a major cause of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates and often associated with mortality, neonatal seizures, brain damage, and later life motor, cognitive, and behavioral impairments and epilepsy. Preclinical studies on rodent models are needed to develop more effective therapies for preventing HIE and its consequences. Thus far, the most popular rodent models have used either exposure of intact animals to hypoxia-only, or a combination of hypoxia and carotid occlusion, for the induction of neonatal seizures and adverse outcomes. However, such models lack systemic hypercapnia, which is a fundamental constituent of birth asphyxia with major effects on neuronal excitability. Here, we use a recently developed noninvasive rat model of birth asphyxia with subsequent neonatal seizures to study later life adverse outcome. METHODS Intermittent asphyxia was induced for 30 min by exposing male and female postnatal day 11 rat pups to three 7 + 3-min cycles of 9% and 5% O2 at constant 20% CO2 . All pups exhibited convulsive seizures after asphyxia. A set of behavioral tests were performed systematically over 14 months following asphyxia, that is, a large part of the rat's life span. Video-electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring was used to determine whether asphyxia led to the development of epilepsy. Finally, structural brain alterations were examined. RESULTS The animals showed impaired spatial learning and memory and increased anxiety when tested at an age of 3-14 months. Video-EEG at ~10 months showed an abundance of spontaneous seizures, which was paralleled by neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and thalamus, and by aberrant mossy fiber sprouting. SIGNIFICANCE The present model of birth asphyxia recapitulates several of the later life consequences associated with human HIE. This model thus allows evaluation of the efficacy of novel therapies designed to prevent HIE and seizures following asphyxia, and of how such therapies might alleviate long-term adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Gailus
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannah Naundorf
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Welzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Johne
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Römermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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Microglia and Stem-Cell Mediated Neuroprotection after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:474-522. [PMID: 34382141 PMCID: PMC8930888 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) refers to a brain injury in term infants that can lead to death or lifelong neurological deficits such as cerebral palsy (CP). The pathogenesis of this disease involves multiple cellular and molecular events, notably a neuroinflammatory response driven partly by microglia, the brain resident macrophages. Treatment options are currently very limited, but stem cell (SC) therapy holds promise, as beneficial outcomes are reported in animal studies and to a lesser degree in human trials. Among putative mechanisms of action, immunomodulation is considered a major contributor to SC associated benefits. The goal of this review is to examine whether microglia is a cellular target of SC-mediated immunomodulation and whether the recruitment of microglia is linked to brain repair. We will first provide an overview on microglial activation in the rodent model of neonatal HI, and highlight its sensitivity to developmental age. Two complementary questions are then addressed: (i) do immune-related treatments impact microglia and provide neuroprotection, (ii) does stem cell treatment modulates microglia? Finally, the immune-related findings in patients enrolled in SC based clinical trials are discussed. Our review points to an impact of SCs on the microglial phenotype, but heterogeneity in experimental designs and methodological limitations hamper our understanding of a potential contribution of microglia to SC associated benefits. Thorough analyses of the microglial phenotype are warranted to better address the relevance of the neuroimmune crosstalk in brain repair and improve or advance the development of SC protocols in humans.
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8
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Morin A, Poitras M, Plamondon H. Global cerebral ischemia in adolescent male Long Evans rats: Effects of vanillic acid supplementation on stress response, emotionality, and visuospatial memory. Behav Brain Res 2021; 412:113403. [PMID: 34090940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The developmental period is critical in delineating plastic response to internal and external events. However, neurobehavioural effects of global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in the maturing brain remain largely unknown. This study characterised the effects of GCI experienced at puberty on adulthood (1) hippocampus CA1 neuronal damage, (2) cognitive and emotional impairments, and (3) glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression. Effects of adolescent exposure to the phenol vanillic acid (VA) on post-ischemic outcomes were also determined. Male Long Evans rats (n = 35) were supplemented for 21 consecutive days (postnatal days 33-53) with VA (91 mg/kg) or nut paste vehicle (control) prior to a 10-min GCI or sham surgery. As adults, rats were tested in the Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM), and Barnes Maze (BM). GR expression was determined in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), CA1, and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and brain injury assessed via CA1 neuronal density. Adolescent GCI exposure induced extensive hippocampal CA1 injury, which was not prevented by VA supplementation. Behaviourally, GCI increased EPM exploration while having no impact on spatial memory. VA intake increased OFT peripheral exploration. Notably, while no delayed changes in CA1 and PVN GR immunoreactivity were noted, both treatments separately increased BLA GR expression when compared with sham-nut paste rats. Age at GCI occurrence plays a critical role on post-ischemic impairments. The observation of minimal functional impairments despite important CA1 neuronal damage supports use of compensatory mechanisms. Our findings also show daily VA supplementation during adolescence to have no protective effects on post-ischemic outcomes, contrasting adult intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morin
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Marilou Poitras
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Hélène Plamondon
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Gotchac J, Cardoit L, Thoby-Brisson M, Brissaud O. A Rodent Model of Mild Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:637947. [PMID: 34025552 PMCID: PMC8131664 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.637947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain of full-term newborns, Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE), a consequence of severe hypoxia and ischemia due to low cardiac output, is frequently observed and results in cerebral injuries with dramatic consequences for life. To investigate the physiopathology of HIE, several animal models have been developed, but none closely replicate human cases, mostly because they are based on a single carotid ligation protocol. In the present study we aimed to develop a novel and more accurate HIE model in juvenile (post-natal days (PND) 14–16) rats. For this, we induced a 9 min hypoxic cardiac arrest (CA) by stopping mechanical ventilation of intubated, ventilated and curarized rats followed by a cardiopulmonary resuscitation. To evaluate the consequences of the CA we performed radiological (cerebral MRI), behavioral (Open Field, Elevated Plus Maze, Fear Conditioning), and histological (Cresyl Violet and Fluoro-Jade B) testing on treated animals. We found that rats in the CA group developed an anxiolytic-like behavioral profile in adulthood without any locomotor impairment, nor memory deficits. However, MRI investigation performed early after CA failed to reveal any change in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in brain tissue (including the hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus), suggesting no massive anatomical lesion had occurred. In contrast, signs of neurodegeneration were found in the Dentate Gyrus and the CA1 region of the hippocampus at day 1 post-CA, suggesting that the anxiolytic-like phenotype observed in adulthood could be related to an abnormal degeneration of this brain region beginning immediately after CA. Thus, our model, despite not representing a severe condition of HIE, nonetheless constitutes a potential model for studying mild, yet persistent and region-specific cerebral injury resulting from an acute oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gotchac
- Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Cardoit
- Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Thoby-Brisson
- Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Brissaud
- Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Teacher's hospital of Children Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
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10
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Kagan BJ, Ermine CM, Frausin S, Parish CL, Nithianantharajah J, Thompson LH. Focal Ischemic Injury to the Early Neonatal Rat Brain Models Cognitive and Motor Deficits with Associated Histopathological Outcomes Relevant to Human Neonatal Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094740. [PMID: 33947043 PMCID: PMC8124303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal arterial ischemic stroke is one of the more severe birth complications. The injury can result in extensive neurological damage and is robustly associated with later diagnoses of cerebral palsy (CP). An important part of efforts to develop new therapies include the on-going refinement and understanding of animal models that capture relevant clinical features of neonatal brain injury leading to CP. The potent vasoconstrictor peptide, Endothelin-1 (ET-1), has previously been utilised in animal models to reduce local blood flow to levels that mimic ischemic stroke. Our previous work in this area has shown that it is an effective and technically simple approach for modelling ischemic injury at very early neonatal ages, resulting in stable deficits in motor function. Here, we aimed to extend this model to also examine the impact on cognitive function. We show that focal delivery of ET-1 to the cortex of Sprague Dawley rats on postnatal day 0 (P0) resulted in impaired learning in a touchscreen-based test of visual discrimination and correlated with important clinical features of CP including damage to large white matter structures.
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11
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Roumes H, Dumont U, Sanchez S, Mazuel L, Blanc J, Raffard G, Chateil JF, Pellerin L, Bouzier-Sore AK. Neuroprotective role of lactate in rat neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:342-358. [PMID: 32208801 PMCID: PMC7812521 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20908355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy remains a major cause of perinatal mortality and chronic disability in newborns worldwide (1-6 for 1000 births). The only current clinical treatment is hypothermia, which is efficient for less than 60% of babies. Mainly considered as a waste product in the past, lactate, in addition to glucose, is increasingly admitted as a supplementary fuel for neurons and, more recently, as a signaling molecule in the brain. Our aim was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of lactate in a neonatal (seven day old) rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. Pups received intra-peritoneal injection(s) of lactate (40 μmol). Size and apparent diffusion coefficients of brain lesions were assessed by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. Oxiblot analyses and long-term behavioral studies were also conducted. A single lactate injection induced a 30% reduction in brain lesion volume, indicating a rapid and efficient neuroprotective effect. When oxamate, a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, was co-injected with lactate, the neuroprotection was completely abolished, highlighting the role of lactate metabolism in this protection. After three lactate injections (one per day), pups presented the smallest brain lesion volume and a complete recovery of neurological reflexes, sensorimotor capacities and long-term memory, demonstrating that lactate administration is a promising therapy for neonatal HI insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Roumes
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Ursule Dumont
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Sanchez
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Leslie Mazuel
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Jordy Blanc
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Gérard Raffard
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Chateil
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France.,Département de Physiologie, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
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12
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Feng L, Han CX, Cao SY, Zhang HM, Wu GY. Deficits in motor and cognitive functions in an adult mouse model of hypoxia-ischemia induced stroke. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20646. [PMID: 33244072 PMCID: PMC7692481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes cause devastating brain damage and functional deficits with few treatments available. Previous studies have shown that the ischemia-hypoxia rapidly induces clinically similar thrombosis and neuronal loss, but any resulting behavioral changes are largely unknown. The goal of this study was to evaluate motor and cognitive deficits in adult HI mice. Following a previously established procedure, HI mouse models were induced by first ligating the right common carotid artery and followed by hypoxia. Histological data showed significant long-term neuronal losses and reactive glial cells in the ipsilateral striatum and hippocampus of the HI mice. Whereas the open field test and the rotarod test could not reliably distinguish between the sham and HI mice, in the tapered beam and wire-hanging tests, the HI mice showed short-term and long-term deficits, as evidenced by the increased number of foot faults and decreased hanging time respectively. In cognitive tests, the HI mice swam longer distances and needed more time to find the platform in the Morris water maze test and showed shorter freezing time in fear contextual tests after fear training. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that adult HI mice have motor and cognitive deficits and could be useful models for preclinical stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Chun-Xia Han
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shu-Yu Cao
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - He-Ming Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Gang-Yi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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13
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Mammel B, Kvárik T, Szabó Z, Gyarmati J, Ertl T, Farkas J, Helyes Z, Atlasz T, Reglődi D, Kiss P. Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure slightly alters neurobehavioral development in neonatal rats: Implications for developmental origins of health and disease (DoHAD). Physiol Int 2020; 107:55-66. [PMID: 32598332 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that smoking during pregnancy exerts harmful effects on fetal brain development. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the early physical and neurobehavioral development of newborn rats. Wistar rats were subjected to whole-body smoke exposure for 2 × 40 min daily from the day of mating until day of delivery. For this treatment, a manual closed-chamber smoking system and 4 research cigarettes per occasion were used. After delivery the offspring were tested daily for somatic growth, maturation of facial characteristics and neurobehavioral development until three weeks of age. Motor coordination tests were performed at 3 and 4 weeks of age. We found that prenatal cigarette smoke exposure did not alter weight gain or motor coordination. Critical physical reflexes indicative of neurobehavioral development (eyelid reflex, ear unfolding) appeared significantly later in pups prenatally exposed to smoke as compared to the control group. Prenatal smoke exposure also resulted in a delayed appearance of reflexes indicating neural maturity, including hind limb grasping and forelimb placing reflexes. In conclusion, clinically relevant prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke results in slightly altered neurobehavioral development in rat pups. These findings suggest that chronic exposure of pregnant mothers to cigarette smoke (including passive smoking) results in persisting alterations in the developing brain, which may have long-lasting consequences supporting the concept of developmental origins of health and disease (DoHAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mammel
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Neonatology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,2Department of Anatomy,University of Pécs Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - T Kvárik
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Neonatology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,2Department of Anatomy,University of Pécs Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zs Szabó
- 2Department of Anatomy,University of Pécs Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - J Gyarmati
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Neonatology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - T Ertl
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Neonatology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - J Farkas
- 2Department of Anatomy,University of Pécs Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zs Helyes
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,5Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - T Atlasz
- 2Department of Anatomy,University of Pécs Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary.,4Department of Sportbiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - D Reglődi
- 2Department of Anatomy,University of Pécs Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - P Kiss
- 2Department of Anatomy,University of Pécs Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
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14
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Dumont U, Sanchez S, Olivier B, Chateil JF, Deffieux D, Quideau S, Pellerin L, Beauvieux MC, Bouzier-Sore AK, Roumes H. Maternal alcoholism and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: Neuroprotection by stilbenoid polyphenols. Brain Res 2020; 1738:146798. [PMID: 32229200 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The impact of maternal nutrition on neurodevelopment and neonatal neuroprotection is a research topic with increasing interest. Maternal diet can also have deleterious effects on fetal brain development. Fetal exposure to alcohol is responsible for poor neonatal global development, and may increase brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, one of the major causes of acute mortality and chronic neurological disability in newborns. Despite frequent prevention campaigns, about 10% of women in the general population drinks alcohol during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This study was inspired by this alarming fact. Its aim was to evaluate the beneficial effects of maternal supplementation with two polyphenols during pregnancy and breastfeeding, on hypoxic-ischemic neonate rat brain damages, sensorimotor and cognitive impairments, in a context of moderate maternal alcoholism. Both stilbenoid polyphenols, trans-resveratrol (RSV - 0.15 mg/kg/day), and its hydroxylated analog, trans-piceatannol (PIC - 0.15 mg/kg/day), were administered in the drinking water, containing or not alcohol (0.5 g/kg/day). In a 7-day post-natal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI), our data showed that moderate maternal alcoholism does not increase brain lesion volumes measured by MRI but leads to higher motor impairments. RSV supplementation could not reverse the deleterious effects of HI coupled with maternal alcoholism. However, PIC supplementation led to a recovery of all sensorimotor and cognitive functions. This neuroprotection was obtained with a dose of PIC corresponding to the consumption of a single passion fruit per day for a pregnant woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursule Dumont
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Sanchez
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Benjamin Olivier
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-François Chateil
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | | | | | - Luc Pellerin
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Department of Physiology, 7 Rue du Bugnon, CH1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Hélène Roumes
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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15
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Sisa C, Agha-Shah Q, Sanghera B, Carno A, Stover C, Hristova M. Properdin: A Novel Target for Neuroprotection in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2610. [PMID: 31849925 PMCID: PMC6902041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, with a global incidence of 3 per 1,000 live births. Intrauterine or perinatal complications, including maternal infection, constitute a major risk for the development of neonatal HI brain damage. During HI, inflammatory response and oxidative stress occur, causing subsequent cell death. The presence of an infection sensitizes the neonatal brain, making it more vulnerable to the HI damage. Currently, therapeutic hypothermia is the only clinically approved treatment available for HI encephalopathy, however it is only partially effective in HI alone and its application in infection-sensitized HI is debatable. Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of HI. Such an alternative is targeting the complement system. Properdin, which is involved in stabilization of the alternative pathway convertases, is the only known positive regulator of alternative complement activation. Absence of the classical pathway in the neonatal HI brain is neuroprotective. However, there is a paucity of data on the participation of the alternative pathway and in particular the role of properdin in HI brain damage. Objectives: Our study aimed to validate the effect of global properdin deletion in two mouse models: HI alone and LPS-sensitized HI, thus addressing two different clinical scenarios. Results: Our results indicate that global properdin deletion in a Rice-Vannucci model of neonatal HI and LPS-sensitized HI brain damage, in the short term, clearly reduced forebrain cell death and microglial activation, as well as tissue loss. In HI alone, deletion of properdin reduced TUNEL+ cell death and microglial post-HI response at 48 h post insult. Under the conditions of LPS-sensitized HI, properdin deletion diminished TUNEL+ cell death, tissue loss and microglial activation at 48 h post-HI. Conclusion: Overall, our data suggests a critical role for properdin, and possibly also a contribution in neonatal HI alone and in infection-sensitized HI brain damage. Thus, properdin can be considered a novel target for treatment of neonatal HI brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sisa
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qudsiyah Agha-Shah
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Balpreet Sanghera
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ariela Carno
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cordula Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Kelestemur T, Beker MC, Caglayan AB, Caglayan B, Altunay S, Kutlu S, Kilic E. Normobaric oxygen treatment improves neuronal survival functional recovery and axonal plasticity after newborn hypoxia-ischemia. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112338. [PMID: 31733311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn hypoxia ischemia (HI) is one of the most prevalent cases in the emergency and can result from fetal hypoxia during delivery. In HI, restricted blood supply to the fetal brain may cause epilepsy or mental disorders. METHODS In the present study, seven-day-old pups were subjected HI and treated with different normobaric oxygen (NBO) concentrations (21%, 70% or 100%). In the acute phase, we analyzed infarct area, disseminate neuronal injury and surviving neurons. In addition, we studied the regulation of PTEN and MMP-9 proteins which were suggested to be activated by HI in the ischemic tissue. Moreover, long-term effects of NBO treatments were evaluated with open field, rotarod and Barnes maze tests. We also examined axonal plasticity with EGFP-AAV injection. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that hyperoxic NBO concentration causes an increase in cellular survival and a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells, meanwhile inhibiting the proteins involved in cellular death mechanisms. Moreover, we found that hyperoxia decreases anxiety, promotes motor coordination and improve spatial learning and memory. Notably that axonal sprouting was promoted by hyperoxia. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that NBO is a promising approach for the treatment of newborn HI, which encourage proof-of-concept studies in newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Kelestemur
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa C Beker
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet B Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; International School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; International School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Altunay
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selim Kutlu
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey.
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17
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Udobi KC, Delcimmuto N, Kokenge AN, Abdulla ZI, Perna MK, Skelton MR. Deletion of the creatine transporter gene in neonatal, but not adult, mice leads to cognitive deficits. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:966-974. [PMID: 31209903 PMCID: PMC6739135 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Creatine (Cr) is a guanidino compound that provides readily available phosphate pools for the regeneration of spent adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The lack of brain Cr causes moderate to severe intellectual disability, language impairment, and epilepsy. The most prevalent cause of Cr deficiency are mutations in the X-linked SLC6A8 (Creatine transporter; CrT) gene, known as CrT deficiency (CTD). One of the most critical areas that need to be addressed is whether Cr is necessary for brain development. To address this concern, the Slc6a8 gene was knocked out in either neonatal (postnatal day (P)5) or adult (P60) mice using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase driven by the human ubiquitin C (UBC) promoter. Mice were tested in the Morris water maze, novel, object recognition, and conditioned fear 60 days after Slc6a8 deletion. In addition, overnight locomotor activity was analyzed. Mice that had the gene deleted on P5 showed deficits in the Morris water maze and novel object recognition, while there were no deficits in P60 knockout mice. Interestingly, the P5 knockout mice showed hyperactivity during the dark phase; however, when examining control mice, the effect was due to the administration of tamoxifen from P5 to 10. Taken together, the results of this study show that Cr is necessary during periods of brain development involved in spatial and object learning. This study also highlights the continued importance of using proper control groups for behavioral testing.
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18
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Halis H, Bitiktaş S, Baştuğ O, Tan B, Kavraal Ş, Güneş T, Süer C. Differential Effects of Pentoxifylline on Learning and Memory Impairment Induced by Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury in Rats. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:388-399. [PMID: 31352705 PMCID: PMC6705102 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.3.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in the human perinatal period often leads to significant long-term neurobehavioral dysfunction in the cognitive and sensory-motor domains. Using a neonatal HI injury model (unilateral carotid ligation followed by hypoxia) in postnatal day seven rats, the present study investigated the long-term effects of HI and potential behavioral protective effect of pentoxifylline. Methods Seven-day-old rats underwent right carotid ligation, followed by hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.08). Rats received pentoxifylline immediately after and again 2 hours after hypoxia (two doses, 60‒100 mg/kg/dose), or serum physiologic. Another set of seven-day-old rats was included to sham group exposed to surgical stress but not ligated. These rats were tested for spatial learning and memory on the simple place task in the Morris water maze from postnatal days 77 to 85. Results HI rats displayed significant tissue loss in the right hippocampus, as well as severe spatial memory deficits. Low-dose treatment with pentoxifylline resulted in significant protection against both HI-induced hippocampus tissue losses and spatial memory impairments. Beneficial effects are, however, negated if pentoxifylline is administered at high dose. Conclusion These findings indicate that unilateral HI brain injury in a neonatal rodent model is associated with cognitive deficits, and that low dose pentoxifylline treatment is protective against spatial memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Halis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Soner Bitiktaş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Osman Baştuğ
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Burak Tan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Şehrazat Kavraal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Tamer Güneş
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cem Süer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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19
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Sanches EF, van de Looij Y, Toulotte A, Sizonenko SV, Lei H. Mild Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia in Very Immature Rats Causes Long-Term Behavioral and Cerebellar Abnormalities at Adulthood. Front Physiol 2019; 10:634. [PMID: 31231232 PMCID: PMC6560160 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic hypoxia-ischemia (HI) often occurs during preterm birth in human. HI induces injuries to hinder brain cells mainly in the ipsilateral forebrain structures. Such HI injuries may cause lifelong disturbances in the distant regions, such as the contralateral side of the cerebellum. We aimed to evaluate behavior associated with the cerebellum, to acquire cerebellar abundant metabolic alterations using in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), and to determine GFAP, NeuN, and MBP protein expression in the left cerebellum, in adult rats after mild early postnatal HI on the right forebrain at day 3 (PND3). From PND45, HI animals exhibited increased locomotion in the open field while there is neither asymmetrical forelimb use nor coordination deficits in the motor tasks. Despite the fact that metabolic differences between two cerebellar hemispheres were noticeable, a global increase in glutamine of HI rats was observed and became significant in the left cerebellum compared to the sham-operated group. Furthermore, increases in glutamate, glycine, the sum of glutamate and glutamine and total choline, only occurred in the left cerebellum of HI rats. Remarkably, there were decreased expression of MBP and NeuN but no detectable reactive astrogliosis in the contralateral side of the cerebellum of HI rats. Taken together, the detected alterations observed in the left cerebellum of HI rats may reflect disequilibrium in the glutamate-glutamine cycle and a delay in the return of glutamine from astrocytes to neurons from hypoxic-ischemic origin. Our data provides in vivo evidence of long-term changes in the corresponding cerebellum following mild neonatal HI in very immature rats, supporting the notion that systemic HI could cause cell death in the cerebellum, a distant region from the expected injury site. HIGHLIGHTS -Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in very immature rats induces hyperactivity toward adulthood.-1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy detects long-term cerebellar metabolic changes in adult rats after neonatal HI at postnatal day 3.-Substantial decreases of expression of neuronal and myelin markers in adult rats cerebellum after neonatal cortical mild HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Farias Sanches
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yohan van de Looij
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Toulotte
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Vladimir Sizonenko
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hongxia Lei
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Dumont U, Sanchez S, Olivier B, Chateil JF, Pellerin L, Beauvieux MC, Bouzier-Sore AK, Roumes H. Maternal consumption of piceatannol: A nutritional neuroprotective strategy against hypoxia-ischemia in rat neonates. Brain Res 2019; 1717:86-94. [PMID: 30991041 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains a major cause of perinatal mortality and chronic disability in newborns worldwide (1-6 for 1000 births) with a high risk of future motor, behavioral and neurological deficits. Keeping newborns under moderate hypothermia is the unique therapeutic approach but is not sufficiently successful as nearly 50% of infants do not respond to it. In a 7-day post-natal rat model of HI, we used pregnant and breastfeeding female nutritional supplementation with piceatannol (PIC), a polyphenol naturally found in berries, grapes and passion fruit, as a neuroprotective strategy. Maternal supplementation led to neuroprotection against neonate brain damage and reversed their sensorimotor deficits as well as cognitive impairments. Neuroprotection of per os maternal supplementation with PIC is a preventive strategy to counteract brain damage in pups induced by HI. This nutritional approach could easily be adopted as a preventive strategy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursule Dumont
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Sanchez
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Benjamin Olivier
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-François Chateil
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Luc Pellerin
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Department of Physiology, 7 Rue du Bugnon, CH1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Hélène Roumes
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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21
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Sisa C, Kholia S, Naylor J, Herrera Sanchez MB, Bruno S, Deregibus MC, Camussi G, Inal JM, Lange S, Hristova M. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Hypoxia-Ischaemia Induced Perinatal Brain Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:282. [PMID: 30941062 PMCID: PMC6433879 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult is a leading cause of disability and death in newborns, with therapeutic hypothermia being the only currently available clinical intervention. Thus there is a great need for adjunct and novel treatments for enhanced or alternative post-HI neuroprotection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have recently been shown to exhibit regenerative effects in various injury models. Here we present findings showing neuroprotective effects of MSC-derived EVs in the Rice–Vannucci model of severe HI-induced neonatal brain insult. Methods Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived EVs were applied intranasally immediately post HI-insult and behavioral outcomes were observed 48 h following MSC-EV treatment, as assessed by negative geotaxis. Brains were thereafter excised and assessed for changes in glial responses, cell death, and neuronal loss as markers of damage at 48 h post HI-insult. Results Brains of the MSC-EV treated group showed a significant decrease in microglial activation, cell death, and percentage tissue volume loss in multiple brain regions, compared to the control-treated groups. Furthermore, negative geotaxis test showed improved behavioral outcomes at 48 h following MSC-EV treatment. Conclusion Our findings highlight the clinical potential of using MSC-derived EVs following neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sisa
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharad Kholia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jordan Naylor
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- 2i3T, Incubator and Technology Transfer, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jameel M Inal
- Extracellular Vesicle Research Unit and Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Muntsant A, Shrivastava K, Recasens M, Giménez-Llort L. Severe Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Induces Long-Term Sensorimotor Deficits, Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Cognitive Impairment in a Sex-, Age- and Task-Selective Manner in C57BL/6 Mice but Can Be Modulated by Neonatal Handling. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:7. [PMID: 30814939 PMCID: PMC6381068 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury (PBI) leads to neurological disabilities throughout life, from motor deficits, cognitive limitations to severe cerebral palsy. Yet, perinatal brain damage has limited therapeutic outcomes. Besides, the immature brain of premature children is at increased risk of hypoxic/ischemic (HI) injury, with males being more susceptible to it and less responsive to protective/therapeutical interventions. Here, we model in male and female C57BL/6 mice, the impact of neonatal HI and the protective effects of neonatal handling (NH), an early life tactile and proprioceptive sensory stimulation. From postnatal day 1 (PND1, modeling pre-term) to PND21 randomized litters received either NH or left undisturbed. HI brain damage occurred by permanent left carotid occlusion followed by hypoxia at PND7 (modeling full-term) in half of the animals. The behavioral and functional screening of the pups at weaning (PND23) and their long-term outcomes (adulthood, PND70) were evaluated in a longitudinal study, as follows: somatic development (weight), sensorimotor functions (reflexes, rods and hanger tests), exploration [activity (ACT) and open-field (OF) test], emotional and anxiety-like behaviors [corner, open-field and dark-light box (DLB) tests], learning and memory [T-maze (TM) and Morris Water-Maze (MWM)]. HI induced similar brain damage in both sexes but affected motor development, sensorimotor functions, induced hyperactivity at weaning, and anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive deficits at adulthood, in a sex- and age-dependent manner. Thus, during ontogeny, HI affected equilibrium especially in females and prehensility in males, but only reflexes at adulthood. Hyperactivity of HI males was normalized at adulthood. HI increased neophobia and other anxiety-like behaviors in males but emotionality in females. Both sexes showed worse short/long-term learning, but memory was more affected in males. Striking neuroprotective effects of NH were found, with significantly lower injury scores, mostly in HI males. At the functional level, NH reversed the impaired reflex responses and improved memory performances in hippocampal-dependent spatial-learning tasks, especially in males. Finally, neuropathological correlates referred to atrophy, neuronal densities and cellularity in the affected areas [hippocampal-CA, caudate/putamen, thalamus, neocortex and corpus callosum (CC)] point out distinct neuronal substrates underlying the sex- and age- functional impacts of these risk/protection interventions on sensorimotor, behavioral and cognitive outcomes from ontogeny to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Muntsant
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kalpana Shrivastava
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Recasens
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Kumar AJ, Motta‐Teixeira LC, Takada SH, Yonamine‐Lee V, Machado‐Nils AV, Xavier GF, Nogueira MI. Behavioral, cognitive and histological changes following neonatal anoxia: Male and female rats' differences at adolescent age. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 73:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Jha Kumar
- Neurosciences LaboratoryDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloAv. Professor Lineu Prestes, 241505508‐900São PauloSPBrazil
| | - Lívia Clemente Motta‐Teixeira
- Department of PhysiologyInstitute of Biosciences, University of São PauloRua do Matão 1405508‐900São PauloSPBrazil
- Neurobiology lab.Department of PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 152405508‐900São PauloSPBrazil
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of ABCBloco Delta. R. Arcturus 309606‐070São Bernardo do CampoSPBrazil
| | - Vitor Yonamine‐Lee
- Neurosciences LaboratoryDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloAv. Professor Lineu Prestes, 241505508‐900São PauloSPBrazil
| | - Aline Vilar Machado‐Nils
- Department of PhysiologyInstitute of Biosciences, University of São PauloRua do Matão 1405508‐900São PauloSPBrazil
| | - Gilberto Fernando Xavier
- Department of PhysiologyInstitute of Biosciences, University of São PauloRua do Matão 1405508‐900São PauloSPBrazil
| | - Maria Inês Nogueira
- Neurosciences LaboratoryDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloAv. Professor Lineu Prestes, 241505508‐900São PauloSPBrazil
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24
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Confortim HD, Deniz BF, de Almeida W, Miguel PM, Bronauth L, Vieira MC, de Oliveira BC, Pereira LO. Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia caused mild motor dysfunction, recovered by acrobatic training, without affecting morphological structures involved in motor control in rats. Brain Res 2018; 1707:27-44. [PMID: 30448443 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluated motor function and morphological aspects of the components involved in motor control (sensorimotor cortex, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, neuromuscular junctions and skeletal muscle) in male Wistar rats exposed to a model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and the possible influence of different physical exercise protocols - treadmill and acrobatic. Male Wistar rats at the 7th post-natal day (PND) were submitted to the HIE model and from the 22nd until 60th PND the exercise protocols (treadmill or acrobatic training) were running. After the training, the animals were evaluated in Open Field, Ladder Rung Walking and Rotarod tasks and after samples of the motor control components were collected. Our results evidenced that the acrobatic training reversed the hyperactivity and anxiety, caused locomotion improvement and decreased brain atrophy in HIE animals. We did not find morphological differences on sensorimotor cortex, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, neuromuscular junctions and skeletal muscle in the animals submitted to HIE model. These intriguing data support the statement of the Rice-Vannucci model does not seem to reproduce, in structures involved in control function, the damage found in humans that suffer HIE. Regarding the protocols of exercise, we proposed that the acrobatic exercise could be a good therapeutic option especially in children affected by neonatal HIE and can be responsible for good results in cognitive and motor aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloísa Deola Confortim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, sala 107, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, sala 107, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wellington de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, sala 107, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maidana Miguel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, sala 107, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Loise Bronauth
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Milene Cardoso Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Chaves de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, sala 107, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Wright JL, Chu HX, Kagan BJ, Ermine CM, Kauhausen JA, Parish CL, Sobey CG, Thompson LH. Local Injection of Endothelin-1 in the Early Neonatal Rat Brain Models Ischemic Damage Associated with Motor Impairment and Diffuse Loss in Brain Volume. Neuroscience 2018; 393:110-122. [PMID: 30300704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is an irreversible movement disorder resulting from cerebral damage sustained during prenatal or neonatal brain development. As survival outcomes for preterm injury improve, there is increasing need to model ischemic injury at earlier neonatal time-points to better understand the subsequent pathological consequences. Here we demonstrate a novel neonatal ischemic model using focal administration of the potent vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), in newborn rats. The functional and histopathological outcomes compare favourably to those reported following the widely used hypoxic ischemia (HI) model. These include a robust motor deficit sustained into adulthood and recapitulation of hallmark features of preterm human brain injury, including atrophy of subcortical white matter and periventricular fiber bundles. Compared to procedures involving carotid artery manipulation and periods of hypoxia, the ET-1 ischemia model represents a rapid and technically simplified model more amenable to larger cohorts and with the potential to direct the locus of ischemic damage to specific brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Wright
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Hannah X Chu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmocology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett J Kagan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charlotte M Ermine
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica A Kauhausen
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan H Thompson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Mason B, Rollins LG, Asumadu E, Cange C, Walton N, Donaldson ST. Nesting Environment Provides Sex-Specific Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:221. [PMID: 30356904 PMCID: PMC6190890 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy is a devastating injury that occurs when the fetal brain is deprived of oxygen and blood to a degree that may lead to neurological damage, seizing and cerebral palsy. In rodents, early environmental enrichment that promotes maternal care-taking behavior (mCTB) can improve neurobehavioral outcomes and protect against neurological decline. We hypothesized that an enhanced nesting environment would improve mCTB as measured by pup weight gain, and support greater HI recovery in developing rats. Pregnant dams (E15-16) were introduced to either control Standard Facility (SF) housing or closed nestbox (CN) conditions and maintained in larger cages through pup weaning. On postnatal day (PND) 7, male and female Long-Evans rat pups (N = 73) were randomly sorted into one of two surgical conditions: control and HI. HI pups received isoflurane anesthesia and right carotid artery ligation, a 2-h rest followed by 90 min exposure to a moist hypoxic (92% N, 8% O2) chamber. Pups (PND 8) were weighed daily, and tested on the Morris Water Maze (MWM) task (PND 35-50). Results demonstrate significant differences afforded to male and female pups based on weight measure, where CN-rearing modifies pre-weaning adolescent weights in females and increases post-weaning weights in males and females by an average of 10 g. Following successful MWM training and acquisition (PND 35-37), both male and female CN-raised animals demonstrated faster latency to find the hidden platform (HP) during HP trials (PND 38-42) and appeared to freely explore the MWM pool during an additional probe trial (PND 43). Moreover, after sacrifice (PND 60), CN rearing created sex-specific alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) immunopositive cell staining of the dorsomedial striatum and CA1 of the hippocampus. CN-rearing afforded HI males higher BDNF levels in the striatum and produced greater GDNF levels in the hippocampus of HI-injured females. These results suggest that early life environmental enrichment positively modifies nesting environment, increases weight gain, as well as spatial learning and memory in a sex-specific directionality. Our findings also implicate correlative changes in corticolimbic neurotrophin protein levels in the CN-reared animals that may contribute to these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Mason
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - L. G. Rollins
- Clinical Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Evans Asumadu
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christina Cange
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Najah Walton
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S. Tiffany Donaldson
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Miguel PM, Deniz BF, Deckmann I, Confortim HD, Diaz R, Laureano DP, Silveira PP, Pereira LO. Prefrontal cortex dysfunction in hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy contributes to executive function impairments in rats: Potential contribution for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:547-560. [PMID: 28105895 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1273551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compromises the quality of life of individuals including adaptation to the social environment. ADHD aetiology includes perinatal conditions such as hypoxic-ischaemic events; preclinical studies have demonstrated attentional deficits and impulsive-hyperactive outcomes after neonatal hypoxic and/or ischaemic intervention, but data are missing to understand this relationship. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate executive function (EF) and impulsivity, and tissue integrity and dopaminergic function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats submitted to hypoxia-ischaemia (HI). METHODS At postnatal day (PND) 7, male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 10) and HI groups (n = 11) and the HI procedure was conducted. At PND60, the animals were tested in the attentional set-shifting (ASS) task to EF and in the tolerance to delay of reward for assessment of impulsivity. After, morphological analysis and the dopaminergic system were evaluated in the PFC. RESULTS Animals subjected to HI had impairments in EF evidenced by a behavioural inflexibility that was correlated to PFC atrophy. Moreover, HI animals presented reduced D2 receptors in the ipsilateral side of ischaemia in the PFC. CONCLUSIONS Animals submitted to HI presented impaired EF associated with tissue atrophy and dopaminergic disturbance in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Maidana Miguel
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Iohanna Deckmann
- b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Heloísa Deola Confortim
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Ramiro Diaz
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Daniela Pereira Laureano
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,d Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health , Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
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28
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Sanches EF, Valentim L, de Almeida Sassi F, Bernardi L, Arteni N, Weis SN, Odorcyk FK, Pranke P, Netto CA. Intracardiac Injection of Dental Pulp Stem Cells After Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Prevents Cognitive Deficits in Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2268-2276. [PMID: 30255215 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is associated to cognitive and motor impairments and until the moment there is no proven treatment. The underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of stem cells are partially understood and include decrease in excitotoxicity, apoptosis and inflammation suppression. This study was conducted in order to test the effects of intracardiac transplantation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) for treating HI damage. Seven-day-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham-saline, sham-hDPSCs, HI-saline, and HI-hDPSCs. Motor and cognitive tasks were performed from postnatal day 30. HI-induced cognitive deficits in the novel-object recognition test and in spatial reference memory impairment which were prevented by hDPSCs. No motor impairments were observed in HI animals. Immunofluorescence analysis showed human-positive nuclei in hDPSC-treated animals closely associated with anti-GFAP staining in the lesion scar tissue, suggesting that these cells were able to migrate to the injury site and could be providing support to CNS cells. Our study evidence novel evidence that hDPSC can contribute to the recovery following hypoxia-ischemia and highlight the need of further investigation in order to better understand the exact mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Farias Sanches
- Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Departament of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91035-003, Brazil.
| | - Lauren Valentim
- Haematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Departament of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Almeida Sassi
- Haematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Departament of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91035-003, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bernardi
- Haematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nice Arteni
- Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Departament of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91035-003, Brazil
| | - Simone Nardin Weis
- Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Departament of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Kawa Odorcyk
- Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Departament of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91035-003, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Haematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Departament of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91035-003, Brazil
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29
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Sanches EF, Van de Looij Y, Toulotte A, da Silva AR, Romero J, Sizonenko SV. Brain Metabolism Alterations Induced by Pregnancy Swimming Decreases Neurological Impairments Following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Very Immature Rats. Front Neurol 2018; 9:480. [PMID: 29988536 PMCID: PMC6026645 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prematurity, through brain injury and altered development is a major cause of neurological impairments and can result in motor, cognitive and behavioral deficits later in life. Presently, there are no well-established effective therapies for preterm brain injury and the search for new strategies is needed. Intra-uterine environment plays a decisive role in brain maturation and interventions using the gestational window have been shown to influence long-term health in the offspring. In this study, we investigated whether pregnancy swimming can prevent the neurochemical metabolic alterations and damage that result from postnatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI) in very immature rats. Methods: Female pregnant Wistar rats were divided into swimming (SW) or sedentary (SE) groups. Following a period of adaptation before mating, swimming was performed during the entire gestation. At postnatal day (PND3), rat pups from SW and SE dams had right common carotid artery occluded, followed by systemic hypoxia. At PND4 (24 h after HI), the early neurochemical profile was measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Astrogliosis, apoptosis and neurotrophins protein expression were assessed in the cortex and hippocampus. From PND45, behavioral testing was performed. Diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging were used to evaluate brain microstructure and the levels of proteins were quantified. Results: Pregnancy swimming was able to prevent early metabolic changes induced by HI preserving the energetic balance, decreasing apoptotic cell death and astrogliosis as well as maintaining the levels of neurotrophins. At adult age, swimming preserved brain microstructure and improved the performance in the behavioral tests. Conclusion: Our study points out that swimming during gestation in rats could prevent prematurity related brain damage in progeny with high translational potential and possibly interesting cost-benefits. HIGHLIGHTS- Prematurity is a major cause of neurodevelopmental impairments; - Swimming during pregnancy reduces brain damage after HI injury; - Pregnancy is an important but underestimated preventive window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo F Sanches
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yohan Van de Looij
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Toulotte
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Analina R da Silva
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Romero
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephane V Sizonenko
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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30
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Kubota K, Fukue H, Sato H, Hashimoto K, Fujikane A, Moriyama H, Watanabe T, Katsurabayashi S, Kainuma M, Iwasaki K. The Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine Hachimijiogan Elicits Neurite Outgrowth Effects in PC12 Cells and Improves Cognitive in AD Model Rats via Phosphorylation of CREB. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:850. [PMID: 29209220 PMCID: PMC5702328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hachimijiogan (HJG) is a traditional herbal medicine that improves anxiety disorders in patients with dementia. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HJG exerts neurotrophic factor-like effects to ameliorate memory impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD) model rats. First, we describe that HJG acts to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells (a rat pheochromocytoma cell line) like nerve growth factor (NGF) in a concentration-dependent manner (3 μg/ml HJG, p < 0.05; 10–500 μg/ml HJG, p < 0.001). While six herbal constituents of HJG, Rehmannia root, Dioscorea rhizome, Rhizoma Alismatis, Poria sclerotium, Moutan bark, and Cinnamon bark, could induce neurite outgrowth effects, the effect was strongest with HJG (500 μg/ml). Second, we demonstrated that HJG-induced neurite outgrowth was blocked by an inhibitor of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), KG-501 (10 μM, p < 0.001). Moreover, HJG was observed to induce CREB phosphorylation 20–90 min after treatment (20 min, 2.50 ± 0.58-fold) and CRE-mediated transcription in cultured PC12 cells (500 μg/ml, p < 0.01; 1000 μg/ml, p < 0.001). These results suggest a CREB-dependent mechanism underlies the neurotrophic effects of HJG. Finally, we examined improvements of memory impairment following HJG treatment using a Morris water maze in AD model animals (CI + Aβ rats). Repeated oral administration of HJG improved memory impairment (300 mg/kg, p < 0.05; 1000 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and induced CREB phosphorylation within the hippocampus (1000 mg/kg, p < 0.01). Together, our results suggest that HJG possesses neurotrophic effects similar to those of NGF, and can ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in a rat dementia model via CREB activation. Thus, HJG could potentially be a substitute for neurotrophic factors as a treatment for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruka Fukue
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sato
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kana Hashimoto
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Fujikane
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Moriyama
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shutaro Katsurabayashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mosaburo Kainuma
- Community Medicine Education Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Sex differences in somatic and sensory motor development after neonatal anoxia in Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:242-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hypoxic postconditioning improves behavioural deficits at 6 weeks following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Behav Brain Res 2017. [PMID: 28647597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in newborns is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with many babies suffering neurological deficits. Recently, we showed that hypoxic postconditioning (PostC) immediately post injury can protect against HI up to one week in neonatal rats. Here, we aimed to examine whether long term functional deficits were also improved by PostC. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control (C) or HI group on postnatal day 7 (P7). The HI group underwent unilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by hypoxia (7% oxygen, 3h). Half of each group were randomly assigned to the PostC group (8% oxygen, 1h/day for 5days post-injury), or normoxic group, where animals were kept under ambient conditions. Righting reflex and negative geotaxis tests were performed on P8 and P14. On P42, rats underwent further behavioural tests of motor function and memory (forelimb grip strength, grid walking and novel object recognition tasks). Brain injury was assessed using histological scoring of brain sections. At P14, PostC reduced the righting reflex deficit compared to HI alone. Long-term (6 weeks) behavioural deficits were observed in grid walking and novel object recognition tests after HI alone, with both functions improved following PostC. Following HI, there was an increase in brain injury assessed by histological scoring compared to control, and this damage was reduced by PostC. This novel finding of long-term histological neuroprotection accompanied by functional improvements by PostC further demonstrates the clinical potential of mild hypoxia for the treatment of HI brain injury.
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Vulnerability to a Metabolic Challenge Following Perinatal Asphyxia Evaluated by Organotypic Cultures: Neonatal Nicotinamide Treatment. Neurotox Res 2017. [PMID: 28631256 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of enhanced vulnerability following perinatal asphyxia was investigated with a protocol combining in vivo and in vitro experiments. Asphyxia-exposed (AS) (by 21 min water immersion of foetuses containing uterine horns) and caesarean-delivered control (CS) rat neonates were used at P2-3 for preparing triple organotypic cultures (substantia nigra, neostriatum and neocortex). At DIV 18, cultures were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 (0.25-45 mM), added to the culture medium for 18 h. After a 48-h recovery period, the cultures were either assessed for cell viability or for neurochemical phenotype by confocal microscopy. Energy metabolism (ADP/ATP ratio), oxidative stress (GSH/GSSG) and a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay were applied to homogenates of parallel culture series. In CS cultures, the number of dying cells was similar in substantia nigra, neostriatum and neocortex, but it was several times increased in AS cultures evaluated under the same conditions. A H2O2 challenge led to a concentration-dependent increase in cell death (>fourfold after 0.25 mM of H2O2) in CS cultures. In AS cultures, a significant increase in cell death was only observed after 0.5 mM of H2O2. At higher than 1 mM of H2O2 (up to 45 mM), cell death increased several times in all cultures, but the effect was still more prominent in CS than in AS cultures. The cell phenotype of dying/alive cells was investigated in formalin-fixed cultures exposed to 0 or 1 mM of H2O2, co-labelling for TUNEL (apoptosis), MAP-2 (neuronal phenotype), GFAP (astroglial phenotype) and TH (tyrosine hydroxylase; for dopamine phenotype), counterstaining for DAPI (nuclear staining), also evaluating the effect of a single dose of nicotinamide (0.8 nmol/kg, i.p. injected in 100 μL, 60 min after delivery). Perinatal asphyxia produced a significant increase in the number of DAPI/TUNEL cells/mm3, in substantia nigra and neostriatum. One millimolar of H202 increased the number of DAPI/TUNEL cells/mm3 by ≈twofold in all regions of CS and AS cultures, an effect that was prevented by neonatal nicotinamide treatment. In substantia nigra, the number of MAP-2/TH-positive cells/mm3 was decreased in AS compared to CS cultures, also by 1 mM of H202, both in CS and AS cultures, prevented by nicotinamide. In agreement, the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3 was increased by 1 mM H2O2, both in CS (twofold) and AS (threefold) cultures, prevented by nicotinamide. The number of MAP-2/TH/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3 was only increased in CS (>threefold), but not in AS (1.3-fold) cultures. No TH labelling was observed in neostriatum, but 1 mM of H2O2 produced a strong increase in the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3, both in CS (>2.9-fold) and AS (>fourfold), decreased by nicotinamide. In neocortex, H2O2 increased the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3, both in CS and AS cultures (≈threefold), decreased by nicotinamide. The ADP/ATP ratio was increased in AS culture homogenates (>sixfold), compared to CS homogenates, increased by 1 mM of H202, both in CS and AS homogenates. The GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly decreased in AS, compared to CS cultures. One millimolar of H2O2 decreased that ratio in CS and AS homogenates. The present results demonstrate that perinatal asphyxia induces long-term changes in metabolic pathways related to energy and oxidative stress, priming cell vulnerability with both neuronal and glial phenotype. The observed effects were region dependent, being the substantia nigra particularly prone to cell death. Nicotinamide administration in vivo prevented the deleterious effects observed after perinatal asphyxia in vitro, a suitable pharmacological strategy against the deleterious consequences of perinatal asphyxia.
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Millar LJ, Shi L, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Molnár Z. Neonatal Hypoxia Ischaemia: Mechanisms, Models, and Therapeutic Challenges. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:78. [PMID: 28533743 PMCID: PMC5420571 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) is the most common cause of death and disability in human neonates, and is often associated with persistent motor, sensory, and cognitive impairment. Improved intensive care technology has increased survival without preventing neurological disorder, increasing morbidity throughout the adult population. Early preventative or neuroprotective interventions have the potential to rescue brain development in neonates, yet only one therapeutic intervention is currently licensed for use in developed countries. Recent investigations of the transient cortical layer known as subplate, especially regarding subplate's secretory role, opens up a novel set of potential molecular modulators of neonatal HI injury. This review examines the biological mechanisms of human neonatal HI, discusses evidence for the relevance of subplate-secreted molecules to this condition, and evaluates available animal models. Neuroserpin, a neuronally released neuroprotective factor, is discussed as a case study for developing new potential pharmacological interventions for use post-ischaemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancelot J. Millar
- Molnár Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxford, UK
| | - Lei Shi
- Molnár Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxford, UK
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | | | - Zoltán Molnár
- Molnár Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxford, UK
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RILJAK V, KRAF J, DARYANANI A, JIRUŠKA P, OTÁHAL J. Pathophysiology of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy – Biomarkers, Animal Models and Treatment Perspectives. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S533-S545. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the leading pediatric neurological conditions causing long-term disabilities and socio-economical burdens. Nearly 20-50 % of asphyxiated newborns with HIE die within the newborn period and another third will develop severe health consequences and permanent handicaps. HIE is the result of severe systemic oxygen deprivation and reduced cerebral blood flow, commonly occurring in full-term infants. Hypoxic-ischemic changes trigger several molecular and cellular processes leading to cell death and inflammation. Generated reactive oxygen species attack surrounding cellular components resulting in functional deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of the present paper is to review present knowledge about the pathophysiology of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, especially with respect to novel treatment strategies and biomarkers that might enhance early detection of this disorder and thus improve the general outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. OTÁHAL
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rumajogee P, Bregman T, Miller SP, Yager JY, Fehlings MG. Rodent Hypoxia-Ischemia Models for Cerebral Palsy Research: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2016; 7:57. [PMID: 27199883 PMCID: PMC4843764 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex multifactorial disorder, affecting approximately 2.5-3/1000 live term births, and up to 22/1000 prematurely born babies. CP results from injury to the developing brain incurred before, during, or after birth. The most common form of this condition, spastic CP, is primarily associated with injury to the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter as well as the deep gray matter. The major etiological factors of spastic CP are hypoxia/ischemia (HI), occurring during the last third of pregnancy and around birth age. In addition, inflammation has been found to be an important factor contributing to brain injury, especially in term infants. Other factors, including genetics, are gaining importance. The classic Rice-Vannucci HI model (in which 7-day-old rat pups undergo unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery followed by exposure to 8% oxygen hypoxic air) is a model of neonatal stroke that has greatly contributed to CP research. In this model, brain damage resembles that observed in severe CP cases. This model, and its numerous adaptations, allows one to finely tune the injury parameters to mimic, and therefore study, many of the pathophysiological processes and conditions observed in human patients. Investigators can recreate the HI and inflammation, which cause brain damage and subsequent motor and cognitive deficits. This model further enables the examination of potential approaches to achieve neural repair and regeneration. In the present review, we compare and discuss the advantages, limitations, and the translational value for CP research of HI models of perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakasham Rumajogee
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Tatiana Bregman
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Steven P Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Jerome Y Yager
- Division of Pediatric Neurosciences, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Schuch CP, Jeffers MS, Antonescu S, Nguemeni C, Gomez-Smith M, Pereira LO, Morshead CM, Corbett D. Enriched rehabilitation promotes motor recovery in rats exposed to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Behav Brain Res 2016; 304:42-50. [PMID: 26876139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite continuous improvement in neonatology there is no clinically effective treatment for perinatal hypoxia ischemia (HI). Therefore, development of a new therapeutic intervention to minimize the resulting neurological consequences is urgently needed. The immature brain is highly responsive to environmental stimuli, such as environmental enrichment but a more effective paradigm is enriched rehabilitation (ER), which combines environmental enrichment with daily reach training. Another neurorestorative strategy to promote tissue repair and functional recovery is cyclosporine A (CsA). However, potential benefits of CsA after neonatal HI have yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combinational therapy of CsA and ER in attempts to promote cognitive and motor recovery in a rat model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. Seven-day old rats were submitted to the HI procedure and divided into 4 groups: CsA+Rehabilitation; CsA+NoRehabilitation; Vehicle+Rehabilitation; Vehicle+NoRehabilitation. Behavioural parameters were evaluated pre (experiment 1) and post 4 weeks of combinational therapy (experiment 2). Results of experiment 1 demonstrated reduced open field activity of HI animals and increased foot faults relative to shams in the ladder rung walking test. In experiment 2, we showed that ER facilitated acquisition of a staircase skilled-reaching task, increased number of zone crosses in open-field exploration and enhanced coordinated limb use during locomotion on the ladder rung task. There were no evident deficits in novel object recognition testing. Delayed administration of CsA, had no effect on functional recovery after neonatal HI. There was a significant reduction of cortical and hemispherical volume and hippocampal area, ipsilateral to arterial occlusion in HI animals; combinational therapy had no effect on these morphological measurements. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that ER, but not CsA was the main contributor to enhanced recovery of motor ability after neonatal HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Pedrini Schuch
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Matthew Strider Jeffers
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sabina Antonescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carine Nguemeni
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mariana Gomez-Smith
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dale Corbett
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Early environmental enrichment affects neurobehavioral development and prevents brain damage in rats submitted to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2016; 617:101-7. [PMID: 26872850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our previous results demonstrated improved cognition in adolescent rats housed in environmental enrichment (EE) that underwent neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of early EE on neurobehavioral development and brain damage in rats submitted to neonatal HI. Wistar rats were submitted to the HI procedure on the 7th postnatal day (PND) and housed in an enriched environment (8th-20th PND). The maturation of physical characteristics and the neurological reflexes were evaluated and the volume of striatum, corpus callosum and neocortex was measured. Data analysis demonstrated a clear effect of EE on neurobehavioral development; also, daily performance was improved in enriched rats on righting, negative geotaxis and cliff aversion reflex. HI caused a transient motor deficit on gait latency. Brain atrophy was found in HI animals and this damage was partially prevented by the EE. In conclusion, early EE stimulated neurobehavioral development in neonate rats and also protects the neocortex and the corpus callosum from atrophy following HI. These findings reinforce the potential of EE as a strategy for rehabilitation following neonatal HI and provide scientific support to the use of this therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neonatal brain injuries in humans.
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Arteaga O, Revuelta M, Urigüen L, Álvarez A, Montalvo H, Hilario E. Pretreatment with Resveratrol Prevents Neuronal Injury and Cognitive Deficits Induced by Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142424. [PMID: 26544861 PMCID: PMC4636303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in neonatal care, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is still a serious clinical problem, which is responsible for many cases of perinatal mortality, cerebral palsy, motor impairment and cognitive deficits. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with important anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is present in grapevines, peanuts and pomegranates. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of resveratrol when administered before or immediately after a hypoxic-ischemic brain event in neonatal rats by analyzing brain damage, the mitochondrial status and long-term cognitive impairment. Our results indicate that pretreatment with resveratrol protects against brain damage, reducing infarct volume, preserving myelination and minimizing the astroglial reactive response. Moreover its neuroprotective effect was found to be long lasting, as behavioral outcomes were significantly improved at adulthood. We speculate that one of the mechanisms for this neuroprotection may be related to the maintenance of the mitochondrial inner membrane integrity and potential, and to the reduction of reactive oxygen species. Curiously, none of these protective features was observed when resveratrol was administered immediately after hypoxia-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Arteaga
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miren Revuelta
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leyre Urigüen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Álvarez
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Haizea Montalvo
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Enrique Hilario
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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Sun H, Juul HM, Jensen FE. Models of hypoxia and ischemia-induced seizures. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 260:252-60. [PMID: 26434705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite greater understanding and improved management, seizures continue to be a major problem in childhood. Neonatal seizures are often refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs, and can result in later life epilepsy and cognitive deficits, conditions for which there are no specific treatments. Hypoxic and/or ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common cause for neonatal seizures, and accounts for more than two-thirds of neonatal seizure cases. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms is essential for identifying new therapeutic strategies that control the neonatal seizures and its cognitive consequences. This heavily relies on animal models that play a critical role in discovering novel mechanisms underlying both epileptogenesis and associated cognitive impairments. To date, a number of animal models have provided a tremendous amount of information regarding the pathophysiology of HIE-induced neonatal seizures. This review provides an overview on the most important features of the main animal models of HIE-induced seizures. In particular, we focus on the methodology of seizure induction and the characterizations of post-HIE injury consequences. These aspects of HIE-induced seizure models are discussed in the light of the suitability of these models in studying human HIE-induced seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Halvor M Juul
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Frances E Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Sexual dimorphism and brain lateralization impact behavioral and histological outcomes following hypoxia-ischemia in P3 and P7 rats. Neuroscience 2015; 290:581-93. [PMID: 25620049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of neurological disorders and the most common cause of death and permanent disability worldwide, affecting 1-2/1000 live term births and up to 60% of preterm births. The Levine-Rice is the main experimental HI model; however, critical variables such as the age of animals, sex and hemisphere damaged still receive little attention in experimental design. We here investigated the influence of sex and hemisphere injured on the functional outcomes and tissue damage following early (hypoxia-ischemia performed at postnatal day 3 (HIP3)) and late (hypoxia-ischemia performed at postnatalday 7 (HIP7)) HI injury in rats. Male and female 3- (P3) or 7-day-old (P7) Wistar rats had their right or left common carotid artery occluded and exposed to 8% O2 for 1.5h. Sham animals had their carotids exposed but not occluded nor submitted to the hypoxic atmosphere. Behavioral impairments were assessed in the open field arena, in the Morris water maze and in the inhibitory avoidance task; volumetric extent of tissue damage was assessed using cresyl violet staining at adult age, after completing behavioral assessment. The overall results demonstrate that: (1) HI performed at the two distinct ages cause different behavioral impairments and histological damage in adult rats (2) behavioral deficits following neonatal HIP3 and HIP7 are task-specific and dependent on sex and hemisphere injured (3) HIP7 animals presented the expected motor and cognitive deficits (4) HIP3 animals displayed discrete but significant cognitive impairments in the left hemisphere-injured females (5) HI brain injury and its consequences are determined by animal's sex and the damaged hemisphere, markedly in HIP3-injured animals.
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Rojas JJ, Deniz BF, Schuch CP, Carletti JV, Deckmann I, Diaz R, Matté C, dos Santos TM, Wyse AT, Netto CA, Pereira LO. Environmental stimulation improves performance in the ox-maze task and recovers Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus of hypoxic-ischemic rats. Neuroscience 2015; 291:118-27. [PMID: 25617656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In animal models, environmental enrichment (EE) has been found to be an efficient treatment for alleviating the consequences of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). However the potential for this therapeutic strategy and the mechanisms involved are not yet clear. The aim of present study is to investigate behavioral performance in the ox-maze test and Na+,K+-ATPase, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the hippocampus of rats that suffered neonatal HI and were stimulated in an enriched environment. Seven-day-old rats were submitted to the HI procedure and divided into four groups: control maintained in standard environment (CTSE), control submitted to EE (CTEE), HI in standard environment (HISE) and HI in EE (HIEE). Animals were stimulated with EE for 9 weeks (1 h/day for 6 days/week) and then behavioral and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Present results indicate learning and memory in the ox-maze task were impaired in HI rats and this effect was recovered after EE. Hypoxic-ischemic event did not alter the Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the right hippocampus (ipsilateral to arterial occlusion). However, on the contralateral hemisphere, HI caused a decrease in this enzyme activity that was recovered by EE. The activities of GPx and CAT were not changed by HI in any group evaluated. In conclusion, EE was effective in recovering learning and memory impairment in the ox-maze task and Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus caused by HI. The present data provide further support for the therapeutic potential of environmental stimulation after neonatal HI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Rojas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - B F Deniz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C P Schuch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J V Carletti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - I Deckmann
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Diaz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C Matté
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T M dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A T Wyse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L O Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Nakajima A, Ueda Y, Sameshima H, Ikenoue T. Intracerebral antioxidant ability of mature rats after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury estimated using the microdialysis-electron spin resonance method. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 41:884-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakajima
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Department of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki Japan
| | - Yuto Ueda
- Section of Psychiatry; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sameshima
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Department of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki Japan
| | - Tsuyomu Ikenoue
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Department of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki Japan
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Chen J, Sun M, Zhang X, Miao Z, Chua BHL, Hamdy RC, Zhang QG, Liu CF, Xu X. Increased oligodendrogenesis by humanin promotes axonal remyelination and neurological recovery in hypoxic/ischemic brains. Hippocampus 2014; 25:62-71. [PMID: 25139533 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the predominant cell type in white matter and are highly vulnerable to ischemic injury. The role of oligodendrocyte dysfunction in ischemic brain injury is unknown. In this study, we used a 24-amino acid peptide S14G-Humanin (HNG) to examine oligodendrogenesis and neurological functional recovery in a hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) neonatal model. Intraperitoneal HNG pre-treatment decreased infarct volume following H/I injury. Delayed HNG treatment 24 h after H/I injury did not reduce infarct volume but did decrease neurological deficits and brain atrophy. Delayed HNG treatment did not attenuate axonal demyelination at 48 h after H/I injury. However, at 14 d after H/I injury, delayed HNG treatment increased axonal remyelination, the thickness of corpus callosum at the midline, the number of Olig2(+) /BrdU(+) cells, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our results suggest that targeting oligodendrogenesis via delayed HNG treatment may represent a promising approach for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China; The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
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Neuroprotective effect of levetiracetam on hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:1001-9. [PMID: 24526342 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury that occurs in the perinatal period is one of the leading causes of mental retardation, visual and auditory impairment, motor defects, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and death in neonates. The severity of apoptosis that develops after ischemic hypoxia and reperfusion is an indication of brain injury. Thus, it may be possible to prevent or reduce injury with treatments that can be given before the reperfusion period following hypoxia and ischemia. Levetiracetam is a new-generation antiepileptic drug that has begun to be used in the treatment of epilepsy. METHODS The present study investigated the effects of levetiracetam on neuronal apoptosis with histopathological and biochemical tests in the early period and behavioral experiments in the late period. RESULTS This study showed histopathologically that levetiracetam reduces the number of apoptotic neurons and has a neuroprotective effect in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the early period. On the other hand, we demonstrated that levetiracetam dose dependently improves behavioral performance in the late period. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we believe that one mechanism of levetiracetam's neuroprotective effects is due to increases in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzyme levels. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show the neuroprotective effects of levetiracetam in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury using histopathological, biochemical, and late-period behavioral experiments within the same experimental group.
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Smith AL, Hill CA, Alexander M, Szalkowski CE, Chrobak JJ, Rosenkrantz TS, Fitch RH. Spatial working memory deficits in male rats following neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury can be attenuated by task modifications. Brain Sci 2014; 4:240-72. [PMID: 24961760 PMCID: PMC4101476 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci4020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI; reduction in blood/oxygen supply) is common in infants with serious birth complications, such as prolonged labor and cord prolapse, as well as in infants born prematurely (<37 weeks gestational age; GA). Most often, HI can lead to brain injury in the form of cortical and subcortical damage, as well as later cognitive/behavioral deficits. A common domain of impairment is working memory, which can be associated with heightened incidence of developmental disorders. To further characterize these clinical issues, the current investigation describes data from a rodent model of HI induced on postnatal (P)7, an age comparable to a term (GA 36–38) human. Specifically, we sought to assess working memory using an eight-arm radial water maze paradigm. Study 1 used a modified version of the paradigm, which requires a step-wise change in spatial memory via progressively more difficult tasks, as well as multiple daily trials for extra learning opportunity. Results were surprising and revealed a small HI deficit only for the final and most difficult condition, when a delay before test trial was introduced. Study 2 again used the modified radial arm maze, but presented the most difficult condition from the start, and only one daily test trial. Here, results were expected and revealed a robust and consistent HI deficit across all weeks. Combined results indicate that male HI rats can learn a difficult spatial working memory task if it is presented in a graded multi-trial format, but performance is poor and does not appear to remediate if the task is presented with high initial memory demand. Male HI rats in both studies displayed impulsive characteristics throughout testing evidenced as reduced choice latencies despite more errors. This aspect of behavioral results is consistent with impulsiveness as a core symptom of ADHD—a diagnosis common in children with HI insult. Overall findings suggest that task specific behavioral modifications are crucial to accommodating memory deficits in children suffering from cognitive impairments following neonatal HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Smith
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Courtney A Hill
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Michelle Alexander
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Caitlin E Szalkowski
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - James J Chrobak
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Ted S Rosenkrantz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - R Holly Fitch
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Sex differences in behavioral outcome following neonatal hypoxia ischemia: insights from a clinical meta-analysis and a rodent model of induced hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2014; 254:54-67. [PMID: 24434477 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia ischemia (HI; reduced oxygen and/or blood flow to the brain) is one of the most common injuries among preterm infants and term infants with birth complications. Both populations show cognitive/behavioral deficits, including impairments in sensory, learning/memory, and attention domains. Clinical data suggests a sex difference in HI outcomes, with males exhibiting more severe cognitive/behavioral deficits relative to matched females. Our laboratory has also reported more severe behavioral deficits among male rats with induced HI relative to females with comparable injury (Hill et al., 2011a,b). The current study initially examined published clinical studies from the past 20years where long-term IQ outcome scores for matched groups of male and female premature infants were reported separately (IQ being the most common outcome measure). A meta-analysis revealed a female "advantage," as indicated by significantly better scores on performance and full scale IQ (but not verbal IQ) for premature females. We then utilized a rodent model of neonatal HI injury to assess sham and postnatal day 7 (P7) HI male and female rats on a battery of behavioral tasks. Results showed expected deficits in HI male rats, but also showed task-dependent sex differences, with HI males having significantly larger deficits than HI females on some tasks but equivalent deficits on other tasks. In contrast to behavioral results, post mortem neuropathology associated with HI was comparable across sex. These findings suggest: 1) neonatal female "protection" in some behavioral domains, as indexed by superior outcome following early injury relative to males; and 2) female protection may entail sex-specific plasticity or compensation, rather than a reduction in gross neuropathology. Further exploration of the mechanisms underlying this sex effect could aid in neuroprotection efforts for at-risk neonates in general, and males in particular. Moreover, our current report of comparable anatomical damage coupled with differences in cognitive outcomes (by sex) provides a framework for future studies to examine neural mechanisms underlying sex differences in cognition and behavior in general.
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Behavioral and histological outcomes following neonatal HI injury in a preterm (P3) and term (P7) rodent model. Behav Brain Res 2013; 259:85-96. [PMID: 24185032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) occurs when blood and/or oxygen delivery to the brain is compromised. HI injuries can occur in infants born prematurely (<37 weeks gestational age) or at very low birth weight (<1500 g), as well as in term infants with birth complications. In both preterm and term HI populations, brain injury is associated with subsequent behavioral deficits. Neonatal HI injury can be modeled in rodents (e.g., the Rice-Vannucci method, via cautery of right carotid followed by hypoxia). When this injury is induced early in life (between postnatal day (P)1-5), neuropathologies typical of human preterm HI are modeled. When injury is induced later (P7-12), neuropathologies typical of those seen in HI term infants are modeled. The current study sought to characterize the similarities/differences between outcomes following early (P3) and late (P7) HI injury in rats. Male rats with HI injury on P3 or P7, as well as sham controls, were tested on a variety of behavioral tasks in both juvenile and adult periods. Results showed that P7 HI rats displayed deficits on motor learning, rapid auditory processing (RAP), and other learning/memory tasks, as well as a reduction in volume in various neuroanatomical structures. P3 HI animals showed only transient deficits on RAP tasks in the juvenile period (but not in adulthood), yet robust deficits on a visual attention task in adulthood. P3 HI animals did not show any significant reductions in brain volume that we could detect. These data suggest that: (1) behavioral deficits following neonatal HI are task-specific depending on timing of injury; (2) P3 HI rats showed transient deficits on RAP tasks; (3) the more pervasive behavioral deficits seen following P7 HI injury were associated with substantial global tissue loss; and (4) persistent deficits in attention in P3 HI subjects might be linked to neural connectivity disturbances rather than a global loss of brain volume, given that no such pathology was found. These combined findings can be applied to our understanding of differing long-term outcomes following neonatal HI injury in premature versus term infants.
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Park CY, Lee SH, Kim BK, Shin MS, Kim CJ, Kim H. Treadmill exercise ameliorates impairment of spatial learning ability through enhancing dopamine expression in hypoxic ischemia brain injury in neonatal rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2013; 9:406-12. [PMID: 24278893 PMCID: PMC3836536 DOI: 10.12965/jer.130053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantia nigra and striatum are vulnerable to hypoxic ischemia brain injury. Physical exercise promotes cell survival and functional recovery after brain injury. However, the effects of treadmill exercise on nigro-striatal dopaminergic neuronal loss induced by hypoxic ischemia brain injury in neonatal stage are largely unknown. We determined the effects of treadmill exercise on survival of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and dopaminergic fibers in the striatum after hypoxic ischemia brain injury. On postnatal 7 day, left common carotid artery of the neonatal rats ligated for two hours and the neonatal rats were exposed to hypoxia conditions for one hour. The rat pups in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 min once a day for 12 weeks, starting 22 days after induction of hypoxic ischemia brain injury. Spatial learning ability in rat pups was determined by Morris water maze test after last treadmill exercise. The viability of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine fibers in the striatum were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. In this study, hypoxic ischemia injury caused loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and dopaminergic fibers in the striatum. Induction of hypoxic ischemia deteriorated spatial learning ability. Treadmill exercise ameliorated nigro-striatal dopaminergic neuronal loss, resulting in the improvement of spatial learning ability. The present study suggests the possibility that treadmill exercise in early adolescent period may provide a useful strategy for the recovery after neonatal hypoxic ischemia brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Youl Park
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, College of Health Service, Jeonju Vision University, Jeonju, Korea
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Sanches E, Arteni N, Nicola F, Boisserand L, Willborn S, Netto C. Early hypoxia–ischemia causes hemisphere and sex-dependent cognitive impairment and histological damage. Neuroscience 2013; 237:208-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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