1
|
Bhai MKP, Binesh A, Shanmugam SA, Venkatachalam K. Effects of mercury chloride on antioxidant and inflammatory cytokines in zebrafish embryos. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23589. [PMID: 37985964 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a zebrafish embryo toxicity model was employed, utilizing 24 h postfertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos. These embryos were treated with varying concentrations of mercuric chloride for 96 h under static conditions. We assessed multiple parameters that reflected developmental abnormalities, behavioral alterations, morphological anomalies, antioxidant enzyme activities, including those of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), immune messenger RNA transcription levels of key factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), as well as protein expression of TNF-α. The results revealed that embryos exposed to higher concentrations of mercury exhibited reduced hatchability and increased rates of morphological abnormalities and mortality at 48, 72, and 96 hpf. In addition, a concentration-dependent increase in developmental abnormalities, including cardiac edema, reduced body length, yolk sac edema, scoliosis, and bent tails, was observed. Larval behaviors, such as touch-induced escape responses, startle reactions, and turning actions, were found to be diminished in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the activities of various antioxidative enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, and GST, exhibited an increase at higher mercury concentrations, with the exception of GPX activity, which decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription levels, specifically TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2, were significantly upregulated in a dose-dependent manner in the mercuric (II) chloride (HgCl2 ) treatment group compared with the control group. TNF-α protein expression was notably elevated in the larvae group treated with 300 and 400 nM HgCl2 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modi K P Bhai
- Department of Fisheries Biotechnology, Institute of Fisheries Postgraduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, India
| | - Ambika Binesh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, India
| | - S A Shanmugam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, India
| | - Kaliyamurthi Venkatachalam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taslima K, Al-Emran M, Rahman MS, Hasan J, Ferdous Z, Rohani MF, Shahjahan M. Impacts of heavy metals on early development, growth and reproduction of fish - A review. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:858-868. [PMID: 36561955 PMCID: PMC9764183 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals pollution causes a threat to the aquatic environment and to its inhabitants when their concentrations exceed safe limits. Heavy metals cause toxicity in fish due to their non-biodegradable properties and their long persistence in the environment. This review investigated the effects of heavy metals on early development, growth and reproduction of fish. Fish embryos/larvae and each developmental stage of embryo respond differently to the intoxication and vary from species to species, types of metals and their mode of actions, concentration of heavy metals and their exposure time. Many of the heavy metals are considered as essential nutrient elements that positively improve the growth and feed utilization of fishes but upon crossing the maximum tolerable limit these metals cause not only a hazard to fish health but also to human consumers and the disruption of ecological systems. Reduced gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity, hatching rate, fertilization success, abnormal shape of reproductive organs, and finally failure of reproduction in fish have been attributed to heavy metal toxicity. In summary, this review sheds light on the manipulation of fish physiology by heavy metals and seeks to raise sensitivity to the prevention and control of aquatic environmental contamination, particularly from heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanam Taslima
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Al-Emran
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shadiqur Rahman
- Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science and Technology University, Melandah, Jamalpur, Bangladesh
| | - Jabed Hasan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Zannatul Ferdous
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ribeiro RX, da Silva Brito R, Pereira AC, Monteiro KBES, Gonçalves BB, Rocha TL. Ecotoxicological assessment of effluents from Brazilian wastewater treatment plants using zebrafish embryotoxicity test: A multi-biomarker approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139036. [PMID: 32493656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains one of the major pollutants of aquatic environments; however, knowledge about its ecotoxic effects at fish early life stages is limited. The ecotoxicity of effluent from Brazilian WWTPs was herein analyzed based on responses of multiple biomarkers in the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET). Ecotoxicity was analyzed based on mortality rate, hatching rate, spontaneous movement rate (neurotoxicity), heart rate (cardiotoxicity), frequency of morphological changes and morphometric parameters during 144 h exposure time. Results showed that embryos exposed to affluent and effluent presented high mortality rate and delayed hatching rate, as well as changes in morphometric parameters. Exposed embryos also showed physiological, sensory, skeletal and muscular changes, which confirms that the ecotoxic effect of WWTPs effluent is systemic and associated with the presence of several pollutants, even at low concentrations (mixture toxicity). The present study is pioneer in using responses of multiple biomarkers in ZET as suitable approach to assess the ecotoxicity of WWTPs effluent in developing countries, as well as to add value and contribute to studies on WWTPs worldwide. Zebrafish is a suitable vertebrate model to assess the ecotoxicity of WWTP effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Xavier Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rafaella da Silva Brito
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Aryelle Canedo Pereira
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Keyle Borges E Silva Monteiro
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Companhia Saneamento de Goiás (SANEAGO), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bastos Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bretier M, Dabrin A, Billon G, Mathon B, Miège C, Coquery M. To what extent can the biogeochemical cycling of mercury modulate the measurement of dissolved mercury in surface freshwaters by passive sampling? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126006. [PMID: 32000038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a pollutant of global concern owing to its great toxicity even at very low concentrations. Its toxicity depends on its chemical forms evidencing the importance to study its speciation. Dissolved Hg (Hg(d)) and methylmercury (MeHg(d)) monitoring in surface freshwaters represents a great challenge because of their very low concentrations and substantial temporal variability at different timescales. The Hg(d) temporal variability depends on the environmental conditions such as the hydrology, water temperature, redox potential (Eh), and solar photo cycle. Passive samplers represent an alternative to improve the assessment of Hg(d) and MeHg(d) concentrations in surface freshwaters by integrating their temporal variability. An original sampling strategy was designed to assess the relevance of 3-mercaptopropyl DGT (Diffusive Gradient in Thin films) to integrate in situ the temporal variations of labile Hg (Hg(DGT)) and MeHg (MeHg(DGT)) concentrations. This strategy was implemented on two rivers to study the dynamics of Hg(d), Hg(DGT), MeHg(d) and MeHg(DGT) at diurnal and annual timescales. We evidenced that Hg(DGT) and MeHg(DGT) concentrations were generally consistent with discrete sampling measurements of Hg(d) and MeHg(d) in dynamic surface freshwaters. However, Hg(DGT) concentrations were overestimated (2-16 times higher) in case of low flow or low water depth, low suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations and elevated daily photoperiod. The most probable hypothesis is that such conditions promoted Hg0 production, and resulted in Hg0 uptake by DGT. Thus, attention should be paid when interpreting Hg(DGT) concentrations in surface freshwaters in environmental conditions that could promote Hg0 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bretier
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 Rue de La Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - A Dabrin
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 Rue de La Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - G Billon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - B Mathon
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 Rue de La Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - C Miège
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 Rue de La Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - M Coquery
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 Rue de La Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fazio F, Cicero N, Piccione G, Giannetto C, Licata P. Blood Response to Mercury Exposure in Athletic Horse From Messina, Italy. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 84:102837. [PMID: 31864458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) exists in various chemical forms, and it is different to health effects. The most toxic effects occur in the central nervous system during fetal development with irreversible alterations of the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex and, it is essential to monitor the tissue residues of Hg to protect the animal's health. The present investigation was carried out during May 2019 in 20 horses located in equine sport center near the area of Milazzo, Messina, that is a part of Sicilian territory heavily polluted by many toxic substances. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of Hg in blood, serum, food, and water administered to horses and from the hematological profile as a biomarker of blood in relation to the bioaccumulation of Hg. The hematologic parameters (red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelets) were processed with an automated hematology analyzer, and Hg concentrations were determined by DMA-80. To carry out the variation in the Hg levels in serum and blood, the data were subjected to paired t-test analysis; post-hoc comparisons were performed using Tukey's test. The differences were considered statistically significant when P < .05. Paired t-test showed that in blood samples, Hg concentrations were significantly higher than the serum, and blood samples were positively correlated with serum (r = 0.99; P < .0001). The Hg contents determined in blood, serum, hay, and water samples were below the respective benchmarks, and therefore, we can exclude any toxicological risk for athletic horse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Nicola Cicero
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li D, Xie L, Carvan MJ, Guo L. Mitigative effects of natural and model dissolved organic matter with different functionalities on the toxicity of methylmercury in embryonic zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:616-626. [PMID: 31185350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) occurs ubiquitously in aquatic environments and plays an intrinsic role in altering the chemical speciation and toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg). However, interactions between MeHg and natural DOM remain poorly understood, especially at the functional group level. We report here the mitigative effects of three natural organic matter (NOM) and five model-DOM under different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg-C/L) on the toxicity of MeHg in embryonic zebrafish (<4 h post-fertilization, hpf). NOM are those from the Mississippi River, Yukon River, and Suwannee River, while model-DOM include those containing thiosalicylic acid, L-glutathione, dextran, alginic acid, and humic acid. We selected a MeHg concentration (100 n-mol/L) that reduces the survival rate of embryos at 24 hpf by 18% and increases malformations at 72 and 96 hpf. In the presence of DOM, however, the malformation rates induced by MeHg can be mitigated to a different extent depending on DOM concentrations, specific functional groups, and/or specific components. Model DOM with aromatic thiols was the most effective at mitigating the effects of MeHg, followed by L-glutathione, carbohydrates, and humic acid. NOM also mitigated the toxicity of MeHg dependent on their composition and/or effective DOM components as characterized by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix techniques. Specifically, humic-like DOM components are more effective in reducing the MeHg toxicity in the embryonic zebrafish compared to protein-like components. Further studies are needed to elucidate the interactions between DOM and MeHg and the mitigative mechanisms at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Michael J Carvan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Laodong Guo
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martín-Del-Campo R, Bárcenas-Ibarra A, Lund G, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Yong-Villalobos L, García-Hernández J, García-Gasca A. Mercury Concentration, DNA Methylation, and Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Embryos With Schistosomus Reflexus Syndrome. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:940-949. [PMID: 31434549 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819868649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomus reflexus syndrome (SR) is a rare and lethal congenital malformation that has been reported in the olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in Mexico. Although the etiology remains unclear, it is presumed to be genetic. Since embryonic development in sea turtles largely depends on environmental conditions, we investigated whether sea turtle total mercury content participates in the etiology of SR. Given that several toxins are known to affect both DNA methylation and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, we also probed for associations of these parameters to SR and mercury exposure. We measured the levels of each variable in malformed olive ridley sea turtle embryos (either with SR or other non-SR malformations) and embryos without malformations. Malformed embryos (with or without SR) showed higher mercury concentrations compared to normal embryos, while only embryos with SR showed higher levels of methylation compared to embryos without malformations and those with other malformations. Furthermore, we uncovered a positive correlation between mercury concentrations and DNA methylation in SR embryos. With respect to mtDNA copy number, no differences were detected across experimental groups. Because of sample size limitations, this study is an initial attempt to understand the association of environmental toxins (such as mercury) and epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation) in the etiology of SR in sea turtles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Martín-Del-Campo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Annelisse Bárcenas-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Gertrud Lund
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV (GL, DRR), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Dalia Rodríguez-Ríos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV (GL, DRR), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Lenin Yong-Villalobos
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio)/Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jaqueline García-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Alejandra García-Gasca
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren Z, Cao L, Huang W, Liu J, Cui W, Dou S. Toxicity Test Assay of Waterborne Methylmercury on the Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) at Embryonic-Larval Stages. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:770-777. [PMID: 31011767 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a widespread pollutant in aquatic ecosystems, but its toxicity to the early life stages of marine fish has not been adequately investigated. This study used acute toxicity tests on embryonic-larval stages of a marine flounder Paralichthys olivaceus to determine the LC50 values for embryos and larvae and evaluate the responses of several biological endpoints to subacute MeHg exposure. Under exposures (0-15 μg L-1) below LC50 values ( < 15.3 μg L-1 for embryos and 16.3 μg L-1 for larvae), embryos were more sensitive to MeHg than were the larvae. MeHg exposures at ≥ 13 μg L-1 increased morphological deformities and mortality, reduced growth and yolk absorption rate of the embryonic-larval flounder. These endpoints were sensitive to MeHg and their responses were dose-dependent. They could be used as bioindicators for assessing MeHg toxicity to the ELS of the flounder. Embryonic-larval flounder could be a useful fish for ecotoxicological assessment of MeHg in marine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Liang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jinhu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenting Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shuozeng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hausen J, Otte JC, Legradi J, Yang L, Strähle U, Fenske M, Hecker M, Tang S, Hammers-Wirtz M, Hollert H, Keiter SH, Ottermanns R. Fishing for contaminants: identification of three mechanism specific transcriptome signatures using Danio rerio embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4023-4036. [PMID: 28391457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In ecotoxicology, transcriptomics is an effective way to detect gene expression changes in response to environmental pollutants. Such changes can be used to identify contaminants or contaminant classes and can be applied as early warning signals for pollution. To do so, it is important to distinguish contaminant-specific transcriptomic changes from genetic alterations due to general stress. Here we present a first step in the identification of contaminant class-specific transcriptome signatures. Embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to three substances (methylmercury, chlorpyrifos and Aroclor 1254, each from 24 to 48 hpf exposed) representing sediment typical contaminant classes. We analyzed the altered transcriptome to detect discriminative genes significantly regulated in reaction to the three applied contaminants. By comparison of the results of the three contaminants, we identified transcriptome signatures and biologically important pathways (using Cytoscape/ClueGO software) that react significantly to the contaminant classes. This approach increases the chance of finding genes that play an important role in contaminant class-specific pathways rather than more general processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hausen
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jens C Otte
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Environment and Health, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lixin Yang
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martina Fenske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment - gaiac, Kackertstraße 10, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Richard Ottermanns
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Govoni JJ, Morris JA, Evans DW. Tracing Dietary Mercury Histochemically, with Autometallography, through the Liver to the Ovaries and Spawned Eggs of the Spot, a Temperate Coastal Marine Fish. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2017; 29:173-180. [PMID: 28686515 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2017.1349009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury (Hg) results in reproductive abnormalities and deficiencies in female fish. We traced the maternal assimilation and redistribution of dietary inorganic (HgII) and organic (MeHg) forms of Hg in a coastal marine fish, the Spot Leiostomus xanthurus. We conducted a 90-d laboratory experiment in which treatment Spot were fed muscle of Blue Marlin Makaira nigricans with elevated concentrations of Hg mixed with a commercial fish food, while control Spot were fed only commercial food pellets. Gonadal maturation was induced by shortening the photoperiod and increasing the temperature. Spawning was induced by intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin at 100 IU/kg. Solid-sampling atomic absorption spectrophotometry measured the total Hg (THg), HgII, and MeHg in Blue Marlin muscle. Autometallography located Hg-sulfide granules in the liver, ovaries, and spawned eggs, and densitometry provided comparisons of Hg-sulfide granules in the ovaries of treatment and control Spot. Overall, the intensity and prevalence of Hg-sulfide granules were greater in the liver, ovaries, and eggs from treatment Spot than in those from controls. The tissue and cellular distribution of Hg-sulfide granules differed. Received November 18, 2016; accepted June 18, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Govoni
- a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research , 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort , North Carolina 28516 , USA
| | - James A Morris
- a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research , 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort , North Carolina 28516 , USA
| | - David W Evans
- a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research , 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort , North Carolina 28516 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mora-Zamorano F, Klingler R, Basu N, Head J, Murphy CA, Binkowski FP, Larson JK, Carvan MJ. Developmental Methylmercury Exposure Affects Swimming Behavior and Foraging Efficiency of Yellow Perch ( Perca flavescens) Larvae. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:4870-4877. [PMID: 28884165 PMCID: PMC5579541 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a pervasive and ubiquitous environmental neurotoxicant within aquatic ecosystems, known to alter behavior in fish and other vertebrates. This study sought to assess the behavioral effects of developmental MeHg exposure on larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens)-a nonmodel fish species native to the Great Lakes. Embryos were exposed to MeHg (0, 30, 100, 300, and 1000 nM) for 20 h and then reared to 25 days post fertilization (dpf) for analyses of spontaneous swimming, visual motor response (VMR), and foraging efficiency. MeHg exposures rendered total mercury (THg) body burdens of 0.02, 0.21, 0.95, 3.14, and 14.93 μg/g (wet weight). Organisms exposed to 1000 nM exhibited high mortality; thus, they were excluded from downstream behavioral analyses. All MeHg exposures tested were associated with a reduction in spontaneous swimming at 17 and 25 dpf. Exposure to 30 and 100 nM MeHg caused altered locomotor output during the VMR assay at 21 dpf, whereas exposure to 100 nM MeHg was associated with decreased foraging efficiency at 25 dpf. For the sake of comparison, the second-lowest exposure tested here rendered a THg burden that represents the permissible level of consumable fish in the United States. Moreover, this dose is reported in roughly two-thirds of consumable fish species monitored in the United States, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Although the THg body burdens reported here were higher than expected in the environment, our study is the first to analyze the effects of MeHg exposure on fundamental survival behaviors of yellow perch larvae and advances in the exploration of the ecological relevance of behavioral end points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco
X. Mora-Zamorano
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield
Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Rebekah Klingler
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield
Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department
of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street W, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jessica Head
- Department
of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street W, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Cheryl A. Murphy
- Department
of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, 220 Trowbridge
Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Frederick P. Binkowski
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield
Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Jeremy K. Larson
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield
Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Michael J. Carvan
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield
Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
- E-mail: . Tel: +1(414)-382-1700. Fax: +1(414)-382-1705
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abu Bakar N, Mohd Sata NSA, Ramlan NF, Wan Ibrahim WN, Zulkifli SZ, Che Abdullah CA, Ahmad S, Amal MNA. Evaluation of the neurotoxic effects of chronic embryonic exposure with inorganic mercury on motor and anxiety-like responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 59:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
13
|
Maternal methylmercury from a wild-caught walleye diet induces developmental abnormalities in zebrafish. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:272-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
14
|
Dong W, Liu J, Wei L, Jingfeng Y, Chernick M, Hinton DE. Developmental toxicity from exposure to various forms of mercury compounds in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2282. [PMID: 27635309 PMCID: PMC5012308 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined developmental toxicity of different mercury compounds, including some used in traditional medicines. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to 0.001–10 µM concentrations of MeHg, HgCl2, α-HgS (Zhu Sha), and β-HgS (Zuotai) from stage 10 (6–7 hpf) to 10 days post fertilization (dpf). Of the forms of mercury in this study, the organic form (MeHg) proved the most toxic followed by inorganic mercury (HgCl2), both producing embryo developmental toxicity. Altered phenotypes included pericardial edema with elongated or tube heart, reduction of eye pigmentation, and failure of swim bladder inflation. Both α-HgS and β-HgS were less toxic than MeHg and HgCl2. Total RNA was extracted from survivors three days after exposure to MeHg (0.1 µM), HgCl2 (1 µM), α-HgS (10 µM), or β-HgS (10 µM) to examine toxicity-related gene expression. MeHg and HgCl2 markedly induced metallothionein (MT) and heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1), while α-HgS and β-HgS failed to induce either gene. Chemical forms of mercury compounds proved to be a major determinant in their developmental toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Provincial Key Laboratory for Toxicants and Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Zunyi Medical College, Department of Pharmacology , Zunyi , China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , China
| | - Yang Jingfeng
- Inner Mongolia Provincial Key Laboratory for Toxicants and Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities , Tongliao , China
| | - Melissa Chernick
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Durham , NC , United States
| | - David E Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Durham , NC , United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang QF, Li YW, Liu ZH, Chen QL. Reproductive toxicity of inorganic mercury exposure in adult zebrafish: Histological damage, oxidative stress, and alterations of sex hormone and gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:417-424. [PMID: 27391360 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a prominent environmental contaminant that causes a variety of adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, the mechanisms underlying inorganic Hg-induced reproductive impairment in fish remains largely unknown. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0 (control), 15 and 30μg Hg/l (added as mercuric chloride, HgCl2) for 30days, and the effects on histological structure, antioxidant status and sex hormone levels in the ovary and testis, as well as the mRNA expression of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis were analyzed. Exposure to Hg caused pathological lesions in zebrafish gonads, and changed the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) as well as the content of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In females, although ovarian 17β-estradiol (E2) content remained relatively stable, significant down-regulation of lhβ, gnrh2, gnrh3, lhr and erα were observed. In males, testosterone (T) levels in the testis significantly decreased after Hg exposure, accompanied by down-regulated expression of gnrh2, gnrh3, fshβ and lhβ in the brain as well as fshr, lhr, ar, cyp17 and cyp11b in the testis. Thus, our study indicated that waterborne inorganic Hg exposure caused histological damage and oxidative stress in the gonads of zebrafish, and altered sex hormone levels by disrupting the transcription of related HPG-axis genes, which could subsequently impair the reproduction of fish. Different response of the antioxidant defense system, sex hormone and HPG-axis genes between females and males exposed to inorganic Hg indicated the gender-specific regulatory effect by Hg. To our knowledge, this is the first time to explore the effects and mechanisms of inorganic Hg exposure on reproduction at the histological, enzymatic and molecular levels, which will greatly extend our understanding on the mechanisms underlying of reproductive toxicity of inorganic Hg in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Fang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ying-Wen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qi-Liang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin YC, Wu KT, Lin ZR, Perevedentseva E, Karmenyan A, Lin MD, Cheng CL. Nanodiamond for biolabelling and toxicity evaluation in the zebrafish embryo in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:827-836. [PMID: 27093912 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) has been proposed for various biomedical applications, including bioimaging, biosensing and drug delivery, owing to its physical-chemical properties and biocompatibility. Particularly, ND has been demonstrated as fluorescence- and Raman-detectable labels in many cellular models. Different surface functionalization methods have been developed, varying the ND's surface properties and rendering the possibility to attach biomolecules to provide interaction with biological targets. For this, toxicity is of major concern in animal models. Aside from cellular models, a cost-effective animal test will greatly facilitate the development of applications. In this study, we use the rapid, sensitive and reproducible zebrafish embryo model for in vivo nanotoxicity test. We optimize the conditions for using this animal model and analyze the zebrafish embryonic development in the presence of ND. ND is observed in the embryo in vivo using laser confocal fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging. Using the zebrafish model for a safety evaluation of ND-based nanolabel is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Lin
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, 1, Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, 97403, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - K-T Wu
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, 1, Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, 97403, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Z-R Lin
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, 1, Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, 97403, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - E Perevedentseva
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, 1, Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, 97403, Hualien, Taiwan
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Karmenyan
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, 1, Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, 97403, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - M-D Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - C-L Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, 1, Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, 97403, Hualien, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Claveau J, Monperrus M, Jarry M, Pinaly H, Baudrimont M, Gonzalez P, Amouroux D, Bardonnet A, Bolliet V. Spatial and seasonal variations of methylmercury in European glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the Adour estuary (France) and relation to their migratory behaviour. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10721-10732. [PMID: 25752638 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Overall recruitment of European glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) has decreased significantly since the early 1980s. Due to their long life cycle, benthic/demersal habits and high lipid content, eels might accumulate high concentrations of contaminants, but data concerning glass eels are still scarce. This study provides original data on methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in glass eels at spatial (marine and estuarine), annual and seasonal scales. The relationship between MeHg concentrations in glass eels and their propensity to migrate up estuaries was also investigated. MeHg data were individually related to the eels' energetic condition which was estimated by dry weight. Glass eel migratory behaviour was investigated in an experimental flume and related to the MeHg concentration and dry weight at the individual scale. Marine and estuarine glass eels were caught from 2004 to 2011. There was a strong inverse correlation between MeHg concentrations and dry weight. MeHg concentrations increased in marine and estuarine glass eels from 2004 to 2009 and from 2004 to 2010, respectively, and then, both groups decreased in 2011. On a seasonal time scale, MeHg concentrations were higher at the end of the fishing season (April). MeHg bioaccumulation is likely to result from different sources, but the lack of significant differences between marine and estuarine glass eels suggests that direct contamination during estuarine migration is low. Other sources such as maternal transfer or oceanic contamination are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Claveau
- INRA, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, Aquapôle, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a small, tropical, freshwater fish that has emerged as a powerful vertebrate model organism for studying genetics and development. Its small size, transparency, cost-effectiveness, close genome homology to humans compared with invertebrates, and capacity for genetic manipulation are all valuable attributes for an excellent animal model. There are additional advantages for using zebrafish specifically in drug discovery, including ease of exposure to chemicals in water. In effect, zebrafish can bridge a gap between in vitro and mammalian work, reducing the use of larger animals and attrition rates. In the drug-discovery process, zebrafish can be used at many stages, including target identification and validation, identification of lead compounds, studying structure-activity relationships and drug safety profiling. In this review, we highlight the potential for the zebrafish model to make the drug-discovery process simpler, more effective and cost-efficient.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ho NY, Yang L, Legradi J, Armant O, Takamiya M, Rastegar S, Strähle U. Gene responses in the central nervous system of zebrafish embryos exposed to the neurotoxicant methyl mercury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3316-3325. [PMID: 23458150 DOI: 10.1021/es3050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Methyl mercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxicant with adverse effects on the development of the nervous system from fish to man. Despite a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which MeHg affects cellular homeostasis, it is still not clear how MeHg causes developmental neurotoxicity. We performed here a genome-wide transcriptional analysis of MeHg-exposed zebrafish embryos and combined this with a whole-mount in situ expression analysis of 88 MeHg-affected genes. The majority of the analyzed genes showed tissue- and region-restricted responses in various organs and tissues. The genes were linked to gene ontology terms like oxidative stress, transport and cell protection. Areas even within the central nervous system (CNS) are affected differently resulting in distinct cellular stress responses. Our study revealed an unexpected heterogeneity in gene responses to MeHg exposure in different tissues and neuronal subregions, even though the known molecular action of MeHg would predict a similar burden of exposed cells. The overall structure of the developing brain of MeHg-exposed embryos appeared normal, suggesting that the mechanism leading to differentiation of the CNS is not overtly affected by exposure to MeHg. We propose that MeHg disturbs the function of the CNS by disturbing the cellular homeostasis. As these cellular stress responses comprise genes that are also involved in normal neuronal activity and learning, MeHg may affect the developing CNS in a subtle manner that manifests itself in behavioral deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nga Yu Ho
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang SSY, Strathe AB, Fadel JG, Lin P, Liu TY, Hung SSO. Absorption, distribution, and elimination of graded oral doses of methylmercury in juvenile white sturgeon. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 122-123:163-171. [PMID: 22819805 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is toxic and is released into the environment from a wide variety of anthropogenic sources. Methylmercury (MeHg), a product of microbial methylation, enables rapid Hg bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the biota. Methylmercury is sequestered and made available to the rest of the biota through the benthic-detrital component leading to the high risk of exposure to benthic fish species, such as white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). In the present study, a combined technique of stomach intubation, dorsal aorta cannulation, and urinary catheterization was utilized to characterize the absorption, distribution, and elimination of Hg in white sturgeon over a 48h exposure. Mercury, as methylmercury chloride, at either 0, 250, 500, or 1000 μg Hg/kg body weight, was orally intubated into white sturgeon, in groups of five. The blood was repeatedly sampled and urine collected from the fish over the 48h post intubation period, and at 48h, the fish were sacrificed for Hg tissue concentration and distribution determinations. The fractional rate of absorption (K), blood Hg concentration (μg/ml), tissue concentration (μg/g dry weight) and distribution (%), and urinary Hg elimination flux (μg/kg/h) are significantly different (p<0.05) among the MeHg doses. Complete blood uptake of Hg was observed in all MeHg treated fish by 12h. The maximal observed blood Hg concentration peaks are 0.56±0.02, 0.70±0.02, and 2.19±0.07 μg/ml (mean±SEM) for the 250, 500, and 1000 μgHg/kg body weight dose groups, respectively. Changes in blood Hg profiles can be described by a monomolecular function in all of the MeHg treated fish. The Hg concentration asymptote (A) and K are dose dependent. The relationship between A and the intubation dose, however, is nonlinear. Mercury levels in certain tissues are comparable to field data and longer-term study, indicating that the lower doses used in the current study are ecologically relevant for the species. Tissue Hg concentrations are in the following decreasing order: gastro-intestinal tract>kidney>spleen>gill>heart>liver>brain>white muscle and remaining whole body. At 48h, Hg was found to be preferentially distributed to metabolically active tissues. Digestibility is highest at the lowest MeHg dose. Measurable urinary Hg was observed in the fish treated with the highest MeHg dose, and a significant increase in the elimination flux was observed between 3 and 12h post intubation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee KJ, Browning LM, Nallathamby PD, Desai T, Cherukuri PK, Xu XHN. In vivo quantitative study of sized-dependent transport and toxicity of single silver nanoparticles using zebrafish embryos. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1029-46. [PMID: 22486336 DOI: 10.1021/tx300021u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials possess distinctive physicochemical properties (e.g., small sizes and high surface area-to-volume ratios) and promise a wide variety of applications, ranging from the design of high quality consumer products to effective disease diagnosis and therapy. These properties can lead to toxic effects, potentially hindering advances in nanotechnology. In this study, we have synthesized and characterized purified and stable (nonaggregation) silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, 41.6 ± 9.1 nm in average diameter) and utilized early developing (cleavage-stage) zebrafish embryos (critical aquatic and eco- species) as in vivo model organisms to probe the diffusion and toxicity of Ag NPs. We found that single Ag NPs (30-72 nm diameters) passively diffused into the embryos through chorionic pores via random Brownian motion and stayed inside the embryos throughout their entire development (120 hours-post-fertilization, hpf). Dose- and size-dependent toxic effects of the NPs on embryonic development were observed, showing the possibility of tuning biocompatibility and toxicity of the NPs. At lower concentrations of the NPs (≤0.02 nM), 75-91% of embryos developed into normal zebrafish. At the higher concentrations of NPs (≥0.20 nM), 100% of embryos became dead. At the concentrations in between (0.02-0.2 nM), embryos developed into various deformed zebrafish. Number and sizes of individual Ag NPs embedded in tissues of normal and deformed zebrafish at 120 hpf were quantitatively analyzed, showing deformed zebrafish with higher number of larger NPs than normal zebrafish and size-dependent nanotoxicity. By comparing with our previous studies of smaller Ag NPs (11.6 ± 3.5 nm), we found striking size-dependent nanotoxicity that, at the same molar concentration, the larger Ag NPs (41.6 ± 9.1 nm) are more toxic than the smaller Ag NPs (11.6 ± 3.5 nm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry J Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cuello S, Ximénez-Embún P, Ruppen I, Schonthaler HB, Ashman K, Madrid Y, Luque-Garcia JL, Cámara C. Analysis of protein expression in developmental toxicity induced by MeHg in zebrafish. Analyst 2012; 137:5302-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35913h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
23
|
Huang W, Cao L, Shan X, Lin L, Dou S. Toxicity testing of waterborne mercury with red sea bream (Pagrus major) embryos and larvae. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 86:398-405. [PMID: 21416140 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity tests revealed that, in red sea bream (Pagrus major) embryos, 24 and 48 h LC(50) values of waterborne HgCl(2) were 67.3 and 39.1 μg Hg(2+) L(-1). In larvae, 48, 72 and 96 h LC(50) values were 41.9, 36.1 and 34.8 μg Hg(2+) L(-1), respectively. Sub-chronic toxicity tests indicated that mercury concentrations ≥20 μg Hg(2+) L(-1) decreased hatching success, increased mortality and induced teratogenicity in embryos and larvae. The NOEC, LOEC and MATC values were 8.0, 16.3 and 11.4 μg Hg(2+) L(-1) for hatching success, mortality and teratogenicity; while those were 27.0, 36.9 and 31.6 μg Hg(2+) L(-1) for body length and specific growth rate, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hassan SA, Moussa EA, Abbott LC. The effect of methylmercury exposure on early central nervous system development in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:707-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Hassan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Suez Canal University; Egypt
| | - E. A. Moussa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Suez Canal University; Egypt
| | - L. C. Abbott
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station; TX; 77843-4458; USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Histological changes in the liver of reared spotted scat (Scatophagus argus L.) after exposure to mercury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-010-1168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
26
|
Huang W, Cao L, Liu J, Lin L, Dou S. Short-term mercury exposure affecting the development and antioxidant biomarkers of Japanese flounder embryos and larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1875-1883. [PMID: 20833429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute and sub-lethal toxicities of waterborne mercuric chloride to Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos and larvae. Acute toxicity tests indicated that the 48-h LC(50) values of mercury to the embryos and larvae were 48.1 (32.8-63.6) and 99.4 (72.9-147.0) μg L(-1), respectively. Mercury could cause low hatching success, delayed hatching process, reduced growth at concentrations ≥20 μg L(-1), and induce reduced survival and higher morphological malformations at concentrations ≥40 μg L(-1) in the embryos and larvae. In sub-lethal toxicity test, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the larvae were significantly increased, while glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was decreased by 10 days of 0-10 μg Hg(2+)L(-1) exposure. These findings suggested that the hatching, survival, growth and antioxidant biomarkers of the flounder were sensitive to the highest mercury concentrations and could thereby serve as potential biomarkers for evaluating mercury contamination in the aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Azevedo-Pereira HMVS, Soares AMVM. Effects of mercury on growth, emergence, and behavior of Chironomus riparius Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 59:216-224. [PMID: 20652487 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a pervasive toxicant that can be found in the environment due to anthropogenic activity as well as natural sources. The majority of studies in freshwater environments focus mainly on bioaccumulation, population dynamics, and biomagnification. Here, we study the effects of mercuric chloride on Chironomus riparius Meigen, simulating a mercury discharge on a freshwater ecosystem. Growth, emergence, development time, and behavior were the end points assessed. Growth was measured after 8 days of exposure and behavior was recorded on days 4 and 10 of the experimental period. The behavioral responses of C. riparius to different mercury treatments were recorded with an online biomonitor, which allows a more objective and precise behavioral understanding than visual observation. Mercury exposure resulted in reductions in growth and emergence, a delayed development time, and a decrease in locomotor activity of the larvae. Our results demonstrate that mercury exposure can impair life-history responses of chironomids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique M V S Azevedo-Pereira
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang L, Ho NY, Müller F, Strähle U. Methyl Mercury Suppresses the Formation of the Tail Primordium in Developing Zebrafish Embryos. Toxicol Sci 2010; 115:379-90. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
29
|
Jezierska B, Ługowska K, Witeska M. The effects of heavy metals on embryonic development of fish (a review). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2009; 35:625-40. [PMID: 19020985 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Early developmental stages of fish are particularly sensitive to water pollution. Heavy metals may affect various developmental processes during the embryonic period, which results in a reduction of offspring quantity and quality. Waterborne metals may accumulate in the gonads of spawners and adversely affect gamete production and viability, or exert direct toxic influence upon developing embryos. The egg shell does not fully protect the embryo against metal penetration, particularly during the swelling phase; thus, metals may accumulate in the egg. The results depend on metal concentration and range from developmental disturbances to death of the embryo. Metals disturb various processes of fish embryonic development and affect the development rate. Early stages just after fertilization are particularly sensitive to metal intoxication, when most disturbances and the highest embryonic mortality occur. Waterborne metals also promote developmental anomalies during organogenesis, including body malformations. Heavy metals often induce a delay in the hatching process, premature hatching, deformations and death of newly hatched larvae. All these disturbances result in reduced numbers and poor quality of the larvae, which show small body size, high frequency of malformations and reduced viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jezierska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Podlasie, Prusa 12, 08110, Siedlce, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Weis JS. Reproductive, developmental, and neurobehavioral effects of methylmercury in fishes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2009; 27:212-225. [PMID: 19953396 DOI: 10.1080/10590500903310088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the decades since the Minamata tragedy in Japan, there has been a considerable body of research performed on effects of methylmercury in fishes. The studies have revealed that some of the most sensitive responses seen in fishes are reminiscent of the symptoms experienced by the Minamata victims. This article reviews the literature, with a focus on mercury's effects on fish reproduction (hormone levels, gametogenesis, fertilization success), embryonic development (morphological abnormalities, rate), the development of behavior, and neurobehavioral effects in adults. Both experimental exposures and epidemiological approaches are included. There have been many studies demonstrating delayed effects of mercury exposure in that exposures during one life history stage can produce effects much later during different life history stages. For example, exposure of maturing gametes can result in abnormal embryos, even though the embryos were not themselves exposed to the toxicant. Exposures during sensitive embryonic periods can produce long-lasting effects that can be seen in adult stages. The existence of these manifold delayed effects renders the practice of short-term toxicity testing particularly unhelpful for understanding the effects of this (and other) toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Weis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hermi M, Mahmoudi E, Beyrem H, Aïssa P, Essid N. Responses of a free-living marine nematode community to mercury contamination: results from microcosm experiments. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 56:426-433. [PMID: 18726536 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-008-9217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A microcosm experiment was used to examine the effects of mercury contamination on a free-living nematode community in a Tunisian lagoon. Sediments were contaminated with three mercury concentrations (low, 0.084 ppm; medium, 0.167 ppm; and high, 0.334 ppm), and effects were examined after 60 days. Results from multiple-comparison tests showed significant differences between nematode assemblages from undisturbed control and those from mercury treatments. Most univariate measures decreased significantly with increasing level of Hg contamination. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data demonstrated that responses of nematode species to mercury contamination were varied: Araeolaimus bioculatus was eliminated at all the mercury doses tested and seemed to be an intolerant species to mercury contamination; Marylynnia stekhoveni increased at low and medium concentrations and appeared to be an "opportunistic" species at these doses, whereas Prochromadorella neapolitana, which increased at all doses tested (0.084, 0.167, and 0.334 ppm), seemed to be a "mercury-resistant" species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hermi
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna, Tunisie
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Localizing organomercury uptake and accumulation in zebrafish larvae at the tissue and cellular level. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:12108-12. [PMID: 18719123 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803147105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence mapping, we have examined the uptake and localization of organic mercury in zebrafish larvae. Strikingly, the greatest accumulation of methyl and ethyl mercury compounds was highly localized in the rapidly dividing lens epithelium, with lower levels going to brain, optic nerve, and various other organs. The data suggest that the reported impairment of visual processes by mercury may arise not only from previously reported neurological effects, but also from direct effects on the ocular tissue. This novel approach is a powerful tool for directly investigating the molecular toxicology of heavy metals, and should be equally applicable to the study of a wide range of elements in developing embryos.
Collapse
|
33
|
Devlin EW. Acute toxicity, uptake and histopathology of aqueous methyl mercury to fathead minnow embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2006; 15:97-110. [PMID: 16400529 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-005-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages of fishes have been shown to be especially susceptible to the toxic effects of heavy metal pollution. In this study, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos were exposed in the laboratory to a graded series of aqueous methyl mercury concentrations under continuous-flow conditions. A number of toxicological endpoints were examined including; acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, protein production, impact on mitosis, gross and histopathology. Acute toxicity, reported as LC50 values of methyl mercury, ranged from 221 microg/l (95% C.I. 246-196 microg/l) for 24-h tests to 39 microg/l (95% C.I. 54-24 microg/l) for 96-h exposures. Fathead minnow embryos were shown to rapidly take up mercury from the surrounding water. Mercury levels in embryos reached levels of 2.80 microg/g wet weight after 96 h exposure to 40 microg/l methyl mercury. An initial elevation of total protein in embryo was observed in embryos exposed to 25 microg/l methyl mercury during the first 12 h of development. At later stages, significantly lower levels of protein/microg embryo were observed. Methyl mercury had no effect on mitotic stages (p=0.05) in early, cleaving blastula-stage embryos. Live embryos and serial sections were utilized to characterize changes in embryo morphology and histopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Devlin
- Biology Department, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dopp E, Hartmann LM, Florea AM, Rettenmeier AW, Hirner AV. Environmental distribution, analysis, and toxicity of organometal(loid) compounds. Crit Rev Toxicol 2004; 34:301-33. [PMID: 15239389 DOI: 10.1080/10408440490270160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical modification of the metals and metalloids mercury, tin, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium, and tellurium via formation of volatile metal hydrides and alkylated species (volatile and involatile) performs a fundamental role in determining the environmental processing of these elements. In most instances, the formation of such species increases the environmental mobility of the element, and can result in bioaccumulation in lipophilic environments. While inorganic forms of most of these compounds are well characterized (e.g., arsenic, mercury) and some of them exhibit low toxicity (e.g., tin, bismuth), the more lipid-soluble organometals can be highly toxic. Methylmercury poisoning (e.g., Minamata disease) and tumor development in rats after exposure to dimethylarsinic acid or tributyltin oxide are just some examples. Data on the genotoxicity (and the neurotoxicity) as well as the mechanisms of cellular action of organometal(loid) compounds are, however, scarce. Many studies have shown that the production of such organometal(loid) species is possible and likely whenever anaerobic conditions (at least on a microscale) are combined with available metal(loid)s and methyl donors in the presence of suitable organisms. Such anaerobic conditions can exist within natural environments (e.g., wetlands, pond sediments) as well as within anthropogenic environmental systems (e.g., waste disposal sites and sewage treatments plants). Some methylation can also take place under aerobic conditions. This article gives an overview about the environmental distribution of organometal(loid) compounds and the potential hazardous effects on animal and human health. Genotoxic effects in vivo and in vitro in particular are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dopp
- Institut für Hygiene und Arbeitsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Belger L, Pelletier E, Rouleau C. Histopathological evidence of inorganic mercury and methyl mercury toxicity in the arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2002; 90:217-25. [PMID: 12477467 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In our sustained effort to understand mechanisms of mercury toxicity in fish, the histopathological effects of a 96-h acute exposure to water-borne inorganic mercury (inorganic Hg) (15 micro gL(-1)), as well as those of a single dietary dose of inorganic and methyl mercury (methyl Hg) (0.260.05 micro g.Hgg(-1) body weight), over 30 days were examined. Samples of gills, olfactory epithelium, kidneys, and liver of arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, were studied using light and electron microscopy. The distribution of dietary inorganic and methyl Hg in the intestinal epithelium was determined using 203Hg microautoradiography. Gills of fish exposed to water-borne inorganic Hg presented a severe disorganization of epithelial cells after 12h and modifications of cilia of ciliated olfactory cells appeared after 24h. Nevertheless, a partial recovery was seen in both tissues by the end of the 96-h exposure period. Liver was little affected by water-borne and single-trophic-dose contamination of inorganic Hg, but dietary methyl Hg had drastic effects, despite its low dosage, with severe necrosis and alterations of cytoplasmic organization. Microautoradiograms showed that inorganic Hg was distributed evenly in the intestinal epithelium, whereas methyl Hg was found at very specific locations on the epithelial surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P. 19031, CEP 80531-970, PR, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Todd NE, Van Leeuwen M. Effects of Sevin (carbaryl insecticide) on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2002; 53:267-272. [PMID: 12568463 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.2002.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sevin brand carbaryl insecticide is one of the most commonly used insecticides in the United States, with great potential for leaching into ground- and surface water reserves. Its possible teratogenic effects were tested on zebrafish eggs in four dilutions of decreasing concentration. The average mortality rate was low, indicating that Sevin does not directly kill embryos at these concentrations. Eggs and embryos were consistently smaller than the control starting at 24 h after spawning until hatching. Embryos in the highest concentration took up to twice as long to hatch as the control. This delayed hatching time increases vulnerability to predation. In addition, as minnows are lower on the food chain, bioaccumulation of Sevin in tissues may increase in larger predators, affecting their metabolism and reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Todd
- Department of Biology, Manhattanville College, 2900 Purchase Street, Purchase, New York 10577, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Samson JC, Goodridge R, Olobatuyi F, Weis JS. Delayed effects of embryonic exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to methylmercury (MeHg). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2001; 51:369-376. [PMID: 11090896 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(00)00128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Since previous short-term bioassays of methylmercury (MeHg) indicated no morphological effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after embryonic exposures below 20 microg/l MeHg, studies were done to determine whether embryonic exposure to MeHg at lower concentrations would induce behavioral effects. Newly fertilized embryos were exposed to 0, 5, 10 or 15 microg MeHg/l for selected exposure durations: single day, multiple day or continuous exposure from fertilization through hatching. Larvae were maintained in an essential salt solution after hatching. Spontaneous swimming performance and prey capture experiments were conducted. Continuous embryonic exposure to 15 microg/l caused delayed mortality syndrome (DMS). These larvae hatched normally and appeared normal, but beginning at Day 3 post-hatch (ph), general activity was severely reduced and by Day 5 ph, larvae were completely moribund; many had faint heartbeats, severely enlarged body cavities and upward flexures of the spinal cord. Most of these larvae were dead by Day 6 ph. Multi- and single-day embryonic exposures to 15 microg/l caused reduced swimming activity and prey capture ability, and by Day 4 ph, these larvae also began to show signs of DMS. Continuous embryonic exposure to 10 microg/l significantly reduced spontaneous swimming activity, which did not improve after 5 days in clean water. Similar results were seen in larvae exposed during the last 24 h of embryonic development. Prey capture ability was also impaired in larvae exposed continuously to 10 microg/l, even after 4 days in clean water. Single-day exposures to 10 microg/l did not affect prey capture ability. Larvae from the 5-microg/l exposures were not significantly different from controls for either parameter. This study reinforces the idea that functional impairment is a more subtle response to developmental toxicants than mortality or the production of morphological defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Samson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Basnayake RST, Bius JH, Akpolat OM, Chasteen TG. Production of dimethyl telluride and elemental tellurium by bacteria amended with tellurite or tellurate. Appl Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|