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Maroudias G, Vrachnis D, Fotiou A, Loukas N, Mantzou A, Pergialiotis V, Valsamakis G, Machairiotis N, Stavros S, Panagopoulos P, Vakas P, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Drakakis P, Vrachnis N. Measurement of Calprotectin and PTH in the Amniotic Fluid of Early Second Trimester Pregnancies and Their Impact on Fetuses with Growth Disorders: Are Their Levels Related to Oxidative Stress? J Clin Med 2024; 13:855. [PMID: 38337548 PMCID: PMC10856459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: During the early stages of human fetal development, the fetal skeleton system is chiefly made up of cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone. Fetal bone development is mainly regulated by the parathyroid hormone parathormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein, with specific calprotectin playing a substantial role in cell adhesion and chemotaxis while exhibiting antimicrobial activity during the inflammatory osteogenesis process. The aim of our study was to measure the levels of PTH and calprotectin in early second trimester amniotic fluid and to carry out a comparison between the levels observed among normal full-term pregnancies (control group) and those of the groups of embryos exhibiting impaired or enhanced growth. Methods: For the present prospective study, we collected amniotic fluid samples from pregnancies that underwent amniocentesis at 15 to 22 weeks of gestational age during the period 2021-2023. Subsequently, we followed up on all pregnancies closely until delivery. Having recorded fetal birthweights, we then divided the neonates into three groups: small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). Results: In total, 64 pregnancies, including 14 SGA, 10 LGA, and 40 AGA fetuses, were included in our study. Both substances were detected in early second trimester amniotic fluid in both groups. Concentrations of calprotectin differed significantly among the three groups (p = 0.033). AGA fetuses had a lower mean value of 4.195 (2.415-6.425) IU/mL, whereas LGA fetuses had a higher mean value of 6.055 (4.887-13.950) IU/mL, while SGA fetuses had a mean value of 5.475 (3.400-9.177) IU/mL. Further analysis revealed that only LGA fetuses had significantly higher calprotectin concentrations compared to AGA fetuses (p = 0.018). PTH concentration was similar between the groups, with LGA fetuses having a mean value of 13.18 (9.51-15.52) IU/mL, while SGA fetuses had a mean value of 14.18 (9.02-16.00) IU/mL, and AGA fetuses had similar concentrations of 13.35 (9.05-15.81) IU/mL. The differences in PTH concentration among the three groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.513). Conclusions: Calprotectin values in the amniotic fluid in the early second trimester were higher in LGA fetuses compared to those in the SGA and AGA categories. LGA fetuses can possibly be in a state of low-grade chronic inflammation due to excessive fat deposition, causing oxidative stress in LGA fetuses and, eventually, the release of calprotectin. Moreover, PTH concentrations in the amniotic fluid of early second trimester pregnancies were not found to be statistically correlated with fetal growth abnormalities in either LGA or SGA fetuses. However, the early time of collection and the small number of patients in our study should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Maroudias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Vrachnis
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Alexandros Fotiou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Nikolaos Loukas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- First Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece (C.K.-G.)
| | - Vasileiοs Pergialiotis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Valsamakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.V.)
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece (P.P.)
| | - Sofoklis Stavros
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece (P.P.)
| | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece (P.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Vakas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.V.)
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece (C.K.-G.)
| | - Petros Drakakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece (P.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece (P.P.)
- Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17, UK
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Zhou H, Zhao C, Shao R, Xu Y, Zhao W. The functions and regulatory pathways of S100A8/A9 and its receptors in cancers. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187741. [PMID: 37701037 PMCID: PMC10493297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation primarily influences the initiation, progression, and deterioration of many human diseases, and immune cells are the principal forces that modulate the balance of inflammation by generating cytokines and chemokines to maintain physiological homeostasis or accelerate disease development. S100A8/A9, a heterodimer protein mainly generated by neutrophils, triggers many signal transduction pathways to mediate microtubule constitution and pathogen defense, as well as intricate procedures of cancer growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis. Its paired receptors, such as receptor for advanced glycation ends (RAGEs) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), also have roles and effects within tumor cells, mainly involved with mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), NF-κB, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. In the clinical setting, S100A8/A9 and its receptors can be used complementarily as efficient biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes the biological functions of S100A8/A9 and its various receptors in tumor cells, in order to provide new insights and strategies targeting S100A8/A9 to promote novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The medical disorders of alcoholism rank among the leading public health problems worldwide and the need for predictive and prognostic risk markers for assessing alcohol use disorders (AUD) has been widely acknowledged. Early-phase detection of problem drinking and associated tissue toxicity are important prerequisites for timely initiations of appropriate treatments and improving patient's committing to the objective of reducing drinking. Recent advances in clinical chemistry have provided novel approaches for a specific detection of heavy drinking through assays of unique ethanol metabolites, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) or ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements can be used to indicate severe alcohol problems. Hazardous drinking frequently manifests as heavy episodic drinking or in combinations with other unfavorable lifestyle factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet or adiposity, which aggravate the metabolic consequences of alcohol intake in a supra-additive manner. Such interactions are also reflected in multiple disease outcomes and distinct abnormalities in biomarkers of liver function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Use of predictive biomarkers either alone or as part of specifically designed biological algorithms helps to predict both hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity in individuals with such risk factors. Novel approaches for assessing progression of fibrosis, a major determinant of prognosis in AUD, have also been made available. Predictive algorithms based on the combined use of biomarkers and clinical observations may prove to have a major impact on clinical decisions to detect AUD in early pre-symptomatic stages, stratify patients according to their substantially different disease risks and predict individual responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki, Finland.
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4
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Basova LV, Lindsey A, McGovern A, Rosander A, Delorme-Walker V, ElShamy WM, Pendyala VV, Gaskill PJ, Ellis RJ, Cherner M, Iudicello JE, Marcondes MCG. MRP8/14 Is a Molecular Signature Triggered by Dopamine in HIV Latent Myeloid Targets That Increases HIV Transcription and Distinguishes HIV+ Methamphetamine Users with Detectable CSF Viral Load and Brain Pathology. Viruses 2023; 15:1363. [PMID: 37376663 PMCID: PMC10304659 DOI: 10.3390/v15061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant overlap between HIV infection and substance-use disorders. Dopamine (DA) is the most abundantly upregulated neurotransmitter in methamphetamine abuse, with receptors (DRD1-5) that are expressed by neurons as well as by a large diversity of cell types, including innate immune cells that are the targets of HIV infection, making them responsive to the hyperdopaminergic environment that is characteristic of stimulant drugs. Therefore, the presence of high levels of dopamine may affect the pathogenesis of HIV, particularly in the brain. The stimulation of HIV latently infected U1 promonocytes with DA significantly increased viral p24 levels in the supernatant at 24 h, suggesting effects on activation and replication. Using selective agonists to different DRDs, we found that DRD1 played a major role in activating viral transcription, followed by DRD4, which increased p24 with a slower kinetic rate compared to DRD1. Transcriptome and systems biology analyses led to the identification of a cluster of genes responsive to DA, where S100A8 and S100A9 were most significantly correlated with the early increase in p24 levels following DA stimulation. Conversely, DA increased the expression of these genes' transcripts at the protein level, MRP8 and MRP14, respectively, which form a complex also known as calprotectin. Interestingly, MRP8/14 was able to stimulate HIV transcription in latent U1 cells, and this occurred via binding of the complex to the receptor for an advanced glycosylation end-product (RAGE). Using selective agonists, both DRD1 and DRD4 increased MRP8/14 on the surface, in the cytoplasm, as well as secreted in the supernatants. On the other hand, while DRD1/5 did not affect the expression of RAGE, DRD4 stimulation caused its downregulation, offering a mechanism for the delayed effect via DRD4 on the p24 increase. To cross-validate MRP8/14 as a DA signature with a biomarker value, we tested its expression in HIV+ Meth users' postmortem brain specimens and peripheral cells. MRP8/14+ cells were more frequently identified in mesolimbic areas such as the basal ganglia of HIV+ Meth+ cases compared to HIV+ non-Meth users or to controls. Likewise, MRP8/14+ CD11b+ monocytes were more frequent in HIV+ Meth users, particularly in specimens from participants with a detectable viral load in the CSF. Overall, our results suggest that the MRP8 and MRP14 complex may serve as a signature to distinguish subjects using addictive substances in the context of HIV, and that this may play a role in aggravating HIV pathology by promoting viral replication in people with HIV who use Meth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana V. Basova
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley Rosander
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Human Biology Program BISP, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Wael M. ElShamy
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald J. Ellis
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Mariana Cherner
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Iudicello
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
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5
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Bai B, Xu Y, Chen H. Pathogenic roles of neutrophil-derived alarmins (S100A8/A9) in heart failure: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic insights. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:573-588. [PMID: 36464854 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive neutrophil count is recognized as a valuable predictor of inflammation and is associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiac events in patients with heart failure. Our understanding of the effectors used by neutrophils to inflict proinflammatory actions needs to be advanced. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated a causative role of neutrophil-derived alarmins (i.e. S100A8/A9) in aggravating cardiac injuries by induction of inflammation. In parallel with the neutrophil count, high circulating levels of S100A8/A9 proteins powerfully predict mortality in patients with heart failure. As such, a deeper understanding of the biological functions of neutrophil-derived S100A8/A9 proteins would offer novel therapeutic insights. Here, the basic biology of S100A8/A9 proteins and their pleiotropic roles in cardiovascular diseases are discussed, focusing on heart failure. We also consider the evidence that therapeutic targeting of S100A8/A9 proteins by the humanized vaccine, antibodies or inhibitors is able to town down inflammatory injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
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6
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Yang Q, Luo Y, Lan B, Dong X, Wang Z, Ge P, Zhang G, Chen H. Fighting Fire with Fire: Exosomes and Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:615. [PMID: 36354526 PMCID: PMC9687423 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a prevalent clinical condition of the digestive system, with a growing frequency each year. Approximately 20% of patients suffer from severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with local consequences and multi-organ failure, putting a significant strain on patients' health insurance. According to reports, the lungs are particularly susceptible to SAP. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe type of acute lung injury (ALI), is the primary cause of mortality among AP patients. Controlling the mortality associated with SAP requires an understanding of the etiology of AP-associated ALI, the discovery of biomarkers for the early detection of ALI, and the identification of potentially effective drug treatments. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm that are actively released into tissue fluids to mediate biological functions. Exosomes are laden with bioactive cargo, such as lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. During the initial stages of AP, acinar cell-derived exosomes suppress forkhead box protein O1 expression, resulting in M1 macrophage polarization. Similarly, macrophage-derived exosomes activate inflammatory pathways within endothelium or epithelial cells, promoting an inflammatory cascade response. On the other hand, a part of exosome cargo performs tissue repair and anti-inflammatory actions and inhibits the cytokine storm during AP. Other reviews have detailed the function of exosomes in the development of AP, chronic pancreatitis, and autoimmune pancreatitis. The discoveries involving exosomes at the intersection of AP and acute lung injury (ALI) are reviewed here. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of exosomes in AP and associated ALI. With the continuous improvement of technological tools, the research on exosomes has gradually shifted from basic to clinical applications. Several exosome-specific non-coding RNAs and proteins can be used as novel molecular markers to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of AP and associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Bowen Lan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xuanchi Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Zhengjian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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7
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Blood Cell Responses Following Heavy Alcohol Consumption Coincide with Changes in Acute Phase Reactants of Inflammation, Indices of Hemolysis and Immune Responses to Ethanol Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112738. [PMID: 36361528 PMCID: PMC9656529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrations in blood cells are common among heavy alcohol drinkers. In order to shed further light on such responses, we compared blood cell status with markers of hemolysis, mediators of inflammation and immune responses to ethanol metabolites in alcohol-dependent patients at the time of admission for detoxification and after abstinence. Blood cell counts, indices of hemolysis (LDH, haptoglobin, bilirubin), calprotectin (a marker of neutrophil activation), suPAR, CD163, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies against protein adducts with acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, were measured from alcohol-dependent patients (73 men, 26 women, mean age 43.8 ± 10.4 years) at baseline and after 8 ± 1 days of abstinence. The assessments also included information on the quantities of alcohol drinking and assays for biomarkers of alcohol consumption (CDT), liver function (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT) and acute phase reactants of inflammation. At baseline, the patients showed elevated values of CDT and biomarkers of liver status, which decreased significantly during abstinence. A significant decrease also occurred in LDH, bilirubin, CD163 and IgA and IgM antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts, whereas a significant increase was noted in blood leukocytes, platelets, MCV and suPAR levels. The changes in blood leukocytes correlated with those in serum calprotectin (p < 0.001), haptoglobin (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.02) and suPAR (p < 0.02). The changes in MCV correlated with those in LDH (p < 0.02), MCH (p < 0.01), bilirubin (p < 0.001) and anti-adduct IgG (p < 0.01). The data indicates that ethanol-induced changes in blood leukocytes are related with acute phase reactants of inflammation and release of neutrophil calprotectin. The studies also highlight the role of hemolysis and immune responses to ethanol metabolites underlying erythrocyte abnormalities in alcohol abusers.
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Xu Y, Ma Q, Du H, Yang C, Lin G. Postoperative Delirium in Neurosurgical Patients: Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101371. [PMID: 36291305 PMCID: PMC9599232 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a complication characterized by disturbances in attention, awareness, and cognitive function that occur shortly after surgery or emergence from anesthesia. Since it occurs prevalently in neurosurgical patients and poses great threats to the well-being of patients, much emphasis is placed on POD in neurosurgical units. However, there are intricate theories about its pathogenesis and limited pharmacological interventions for POD. In this study, we review the recent insights into its pathogenesis, mainly based on studies within five years, and the five dominant pathological theories that account for the development of POD, with the intention of furthering our understanding and boosting its clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qianquan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haiming Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- North America Medical Education Foundation, Union City, CA 94587, USA
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-135-1108-7060 (C.Y.); +86-135-5240-0103 (G.L.)
| | - Guozhong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-135-1108-7060 (C.Y.); +86-135-5240-0103 (G.L.)
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9
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Tao Q, Qiu X, Li C, Zhou J, Gu L, Zhang L, Pang J, Zhang L, Yin S, Jiang Y, Peng J. S100A8 regulates autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in microglia after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114171. [PMID: 35870523 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Targeting microglial activation has been shown to ameliorate early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death after SAH, but these molecular features were not recognized as evidence of microglial function so far. In this study, we constructed microglial S100A8-specific knockdown and established the SAH model in vivo and in vitro. Multi-technology strategies, including high throughput sequencing, adeno-associated virus gene gene-editing and several molecular biotechnologies to validate the effects of S100A8 on microglial autophagy and ferroptosis after SAH. Our results revealed that the expression of S100A8 was significantly increased in brain tissue after SAH. Targeted microglial S100A8 inhibition improved neural function and neuronal apoptosis in mice after SAH. Further mechanism exploration found that favourable effects of S100A8 depletion in EBI may be through the inhibition of microglia autophagy-dependent ferroptosis. In conclusion, S100A8 may be a potential intervention target for microglial ferroptosis in EBI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianke Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiancheng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chaojie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Long Gu
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinwei Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shigang Yin
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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10
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Alarm Signal S100-Related Signature Is Correlated with Tumor Microenvironment and Predicts Prognosis in Glioma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4968555. [PMID: 35592707 PMCID: PMC9113871 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4968555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioma are the most common malignant central nervous system tumor and are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and resistance to therapy. Dysregulation of S100 proteins may augment tumor initiation, proliferation, and metastasis by modulating immune response. However, the comprehensive function and prognostic value of S100 proteins in glioma remain unclear. Here, we explored the expression profiles of 17 S100 family genes and constructed a high-efficient prediction model for glioma based on CGGA and TCGA datasets. Immune landscape analysis displayed that the distribution of immune scores, ESTIMATE scores, and stromal scores, as well as infiltrating immune cells (macrophages M0/M1/M2, T cell CD4+ naïve, Tregs, monocyte, neutrophil, and NK activated), were significant different between risk-score subgroups. Overall, we demonstrated the value of S100 protein-related signature in the prediction of glioma patients’ prognosis and determined its relationship with the tumor microenvironment (TME) in glioma.
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11
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Riba M, Del Valle J, Augé E, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C. From corpora amylacea to wasteosomes: History and perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101484. [PMID: 34634491 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corpora amylacea (CA) have been described in several human organs and have been associated with ageing and several pathological conditions. Although they were first discovered two centuries ago, their function and significance have not yet been identified. Here, we provide a chronological summary of the findings on CA in various organs and identify their similarities. After collecting and integrating these findings, we propose to consider CA as waste containers created by specific cells, which sequester waste products and foreign products, and assemble them within a glycan structure. The containers are then secreted into the external medium or interstitial spaces, in this latter case subsequently being phagocytosed by macrophages. This proposal explains, among others, why CA are so varied in content, why only some of them contain fibrillary amyloid proteins, why all of them contain glycan structures, why some of them contain neo-epitopes and are phagocytosed, and why they can be intracellular or extracellular structures. Lastly, in order to avoid the ambiguity of the term amyloid (which can indicate starch-like structures but also insoluble fibrillary proteins), we propose renaming CA as "wasteosomes", emphasising the waste products they entrap rather than their misleading amyloid properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riba
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Del Valle
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Augé
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Oguariri RM, Brann TW, Adelsberger JW, Chen Q, Goswami S, Mele AR, Imamichi T. S100A8 and S100A9, biomarkers of SARS-Cov2-infected patients, suppress HIV replication in primary macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34704091 PMCID: PMC8547522 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.20.464686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 are members of the Alarmin family; these proteins are abundantly expressed in neutrophils and form a heterodimer complex. Recently, both proteins were identified as novel biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection and were shown to play key roles in inducing an aggressive inflammatory response by mediating the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, called the “cytokine storm.” Although co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 in people living with HIV-1 may result in an immunocompromised status, the role of the S100A8/A9 complex in HIV-1 replication in primary T cells and macrophages is still unclear. Here, we evaluated the roles of the proteins in HIV replication to elucidate their functions. We found that the complex had no impact on virus replication in both cell types; however, the subunits of S100A8 and S100A9 inhibits HIV in macrophages. These findings provide important insights into the regulation of HIV viral loads in SARS-CoV2 co-infection.
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13
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Nivukoski U, Bloigu A, Bloigu R, Kultti J, Tuomi H, Niemelä O. Comparison of serum calprotectin, a marker of neutrophil activation, and other mediators of inflammation in response to alcohol consumption. Alcohol 2021; 95:45-50. [PMID: 34228990 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have indicated that heavy alcohol intake stimulates inflammation and impairs the body's ability to regulate inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare changes in neutrophil calprotectin and a wide spectrum of other inflammatory mediators in response to heavy alcohol drinking. METHODS Serum calprotectin (a marker of neutrophil activation), suPAR, CD163, and pro- (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines were measured from 61 alcohol-dependent subjects (46 men, 15 women, mean age 43.6 ± 11.0 years) at the time of admission for detoxification and after 8 ± 2 days of abstinence. These biomarkers were also measured from age- and sex-matched healthy controls representing abstainers or light drinkers. The clinical assessments included detailed clinical interviews on the amounts and patterns of alcohol consumption and assays for biomarkers of alcohol consumption (GGT, CDT, MCV, GGT-CDT) and liver function (AST, ALT). RESULTS The subjects with alcohol use disorder showed significantly higher concentrations of serum calprotectin (p < 0.0005), suPAR (p < 0.01), CD163 (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.0005), IL-8 (p < 0.0005), TNF-α (p < 0.001), and IL-10 (p < 0.0005) than healthy controls. These inflammatory mediators, except for CD163, remained elevated after the 8 ± 2-day period of supervised abstinence, which resulted in significant decreases in the biomarkers of alcohol consumption and indices of liver status. The AUC (0.855) for serum calprotectin in differentiating between the heavy drinkers and healthy controls was equal or equivalent with those of the conventional biomarkers of alcohol consumption (GGT:0.835 or CDT:0.803). CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that neutrophil calprotectin is released in response to heavy alcohol intake in a sensitive manner and may be associated with perpetuation of inflammation in patients with alcohol use disorder. Serum calprotectin may also prove to be a useful biomarker for inflammatory activity in alcohol-consuming patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Nivukoski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aini Bloigu
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Johanna Kultti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heidi Tuomi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland.
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14
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Hypoxia and the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) Signaling in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158153. [PMID: 34360919 PMCID: PMC8348933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is characterized by an inadequate supply of oxygen to tissues, and hypoxic regions are commonly found in solid tumors. The cellular response to hypoxic conditions is mediated through the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) that control the expression of a large number of target genes. Recent studies have shown that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) participates in hypoxia-dependent cellular adaptation. We review recent evidence on the role of RAGE signaling in tumor biology under hypoxic conditions.
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15
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Molecular Characteristics of RAGE and Advances in Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136904. [PMID: 34199060 PMCID: PMC8268101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. RAGE binds and mediates cellular responses to a range of DAMPs (damage-associated molecular pattern molecules), such as AGEs, HMGB1, and S100/calgranulins, and as an innate immune sensor, can recognize microbial PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules), including bacterial LPS, bacterial DNA, and viral and parasitic proteins. RAGE and its ligands stimulate the activations of diverse pathways, such as p38MAPK, ERK1/2, Cdc42/Rac, and JNK, and trigger cascades of diverse signaling events that are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative diseases, atherothrombosis, and cancer. Thus, the targeted inhibition of RAGE or its ligands is considered an important strategy for the treatment of cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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16
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Xavier A, Cesaro A. Impact of Exercise Intensity on Calprotectin Levels in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:377. [PMID: 33922149 PMCID: PMC8143494 DOI: 10.3390/life11050377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise influences inflammatory response and immune system performance. The regular practice of a moderate activity positively regulates immunity and the inflammatory process, while intensive training depresses it and enhances inflammatory marker secretion. Calprotectin is involved in the inflammatory process, promoting neutrophil recruitment, cell degranulation, and inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, calprotectin has been associated with various inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The present review explores the effect of exercise on calprotectin levels in both healthy and inflammatory rheumatic conditions. Data show that the intensity duration and the type of exercise modulate calprotectin levels and participant inflammatory status. The exact role of calprotectin in the exercise response is yet unknown. Calprotectin could constitute an interesting biomarker for monitoring both the effect of exercise on the inflammatory process in healthy volunteers and the efficiency of exercise treatment programs in a patient with inflammatory rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annabelle Cesaro
- I3MTO (Imagerie Multimodale Multiéchelle et Modélisation du Tissu Osseux et Articulaire)/EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France;
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17
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Hu W, Lin C. S100a8 silencing attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in BV2 cells induced by oxygen‑glucose deprivation and reoxygenation by upregulating GAB1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:64. [PMID: 33215218 PMCID: PMC7716398 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
S100a8 serves an important role in cell differentiation and is abnormally expressed in common tumors, but there are few studies on the association between S100a8 and brain I/R injury. The present study aimed to investigate the role of S100a8 in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced BV2 microglia cell injury, and to elucidate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. BV2 cells were exposed to OGD/R to mimic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. S100a8 expression was detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. Following transfection with short hairpin RNAs targeting S100a8, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related factors were determined using commercial kits. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometric analysis and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were determined using western blot analysis. Subsequently, the mRNA and protein levels of Grb2-associated binder 1 (GAB1) were assessed following S100a8 silencing. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was performed to verify the association between S100a8 and GAB1. The levels of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were assessed following GAB1 silencing, along with S100a8 silencing in BV2 cells subjected to OGD/R. The results indicated that exposure to OGD/R markedly upregulated S100a8 expression in BV2 cells. S100a8 silencing inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, accompanied by changes in the expression of related proteins. The IP assay revealed a strong interaction between GAB1 and S100a8. In addition, GAB1 silencing reversed the inhibitory effects of S100a8 silencing on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in OGD/R-stimulated BV2 cells. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that S100a8 silencing alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress and the apoptosis of BV2 cells induced by OGD/R, partly by upregulating the expression of GAB1. Thus, these findings may potentially provide a novel direction to develop therapeutic strategies for cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Hu
- Pediatric Neurology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, P.R. China
| | - Caimei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xiamen Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, P.R. China
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18
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Weisz J, Uversky VN. Zooming into the Dark Side of Human Annexin-S100 Complexes: Dynamic Alliance of Flexible Partners. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165879. [PMID: 32824294 PMCID: PMC7461550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexins and S100 proteins form two large families of Ca2+-binding proteins. They are quite different both structurally and functionally, with S100 proteins being small (10–12 kDa) acidic regulatory proteins from the EF-hand superfamily of Ca2+-binding proteins, and with annexins being at least three-fold larger (329 ± 12 versus 98 ± 7 residues) and using non-EF-hand-based mechanism for calcium binding. Members of both families have multiple biological roles, being able to bind to a large cohort of partners and possessing a multitude of functions. Furthermore, annexins and S100 proteins can interact with each other in either a Ca2+-dependent or Ca2+-independent manner, forming functional annexin-S100 complexes. Such functional polymorphism and binding indiscrimination are rather unexpected, since structural information is available for many annexins and S100 proteins, which therefore are considered as ordered proteins that should follow the classical “one protein–one structure–one function” model. On the other hand, the ability to be engaged in a wide range of interactions with multiple, often unrelated, binding partners and possess multiple functions represent characteristic features of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs); i.e., functional proteins or protein regions lacking unique tertiary structures. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the functional roles of human annexins and S100 proteins, and to use the protein intrinsic disorder perspective to explain their exceptional multifunctionality and binding promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Weisz
- Departments of Gynecology and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-5816 (ext. 123); Fax: +1-813-974-7357
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19
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Aghamollaei H, Parvin S, Shahriary A. Review of proteomics approach to eye diseases affecting the anterior segment. J Proteomics 2020; 225:103881. [PMID: 32565161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Visual impairment and blindness is a major health burden worldwide, and major ocular diseases causing visual impairment pertain to the anterior segment of the eye. Anterior segment ocular diseases are common, yet complex entities. Although many treatment options and surgical techniques are available for these ailments, the underlying cause and pathogenesis is still unclear. Finding ways to fundamentally treat these patients and rectify the underlying dysregulations leading to the disease may help cure patients completely without major complications. Proteomics approaches are a novel way to distinguish dysregulated proteins in a variety of biological tissues in a hypothesis-free manner, thus helping to find the responsible pathways leading to a certain disease. The aim of the current study is to review the available knowledge in scientific literature regarding the proteomics studies done on anterior segment eye diseases and suggest potential clinical implications to exploit the results of these studies. SIGNIFICANCE: Anterior segment ocular diseases are responsible for a major proportion of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Although ophthalmologists have several treatment options that can alleviate or control the progression of these diseases, no definite cure is available for most of them. Moreover, because these diseases are progressive, prompt diagnosis is of utmost important. Proteomics studies enable us to identify and quantify the dysregulated proteins in a biological specimen in a hypothesis-free manner. Understanding the dysregulated protein pathways shines a light on the pathogenesis of the disease. Moreover, these dysregulated proteins may act as biomarkers to help in diagnosis and treatment follow-up. Hence, in this article we sought out to review the available scientific literature regarding the proteomics studies of anterior segment ocular diseases and to identify potential applications of proteomic studies in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Parvin
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Laserna-Mendieta EJ, Lucendo AJ. Faecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel diseases: a review focused on meta-analyses and routine usage limitations. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1295-1307. [PMID: 30785706 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has been published about the usefulness of measuring calprotectin in faecal samples (FCAL) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) assessment, including diagnosis, monitoring of disease activity and relapse prediction. Several systematic reviews with meta-analyses compiling studies for each particular clinical setting have been carried out in recent years. Most of these were focused on the use of FCAL in IBD diagnosis and showed a relevant role for this marker in selecting patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who would not need a further examination by endoscopy. Although a lesser number of meta-analyses have been performed on the use of FCAL as a surrogate marker of disease activity, a close correlation between FCAL and endoscopic activity of IBD has been shown. With respect to the predictive capacity of FCAL for IBD relapse, a single meta-analysis published indicates that this role is more limited. Furthermore, FCAL thresholds vary considerably depending on the clinical setting and, what is more concerning, among different commercially available assays due to a lack of FCAL concentration interchangeability. Here, we summarise recent publications about the role and limitations of FCAL in IBD, with a special focus on meta-analyses, and give an overview of alternative faecal biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Laserna-Mendieta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Tomelloso, Spain.,Clinical Laboratory, Hospital General de Villarrobledo, Villarrobledo, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Lucendo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Tomelloso, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network Centre for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Niemelä M, Niemelä O, Bloigu R, Bloigu A, Kangastupa P, Juvonen T. Serum Calprotectin, a Marker of Neutrophil Activation, and Other Mediators of Inflammation in Response to Various Types of Extreme Physical Exertion in Healthy Volunteers. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:223-231. [PMID: 32547154 PMCID: PMC7250293 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s250675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose While extreme physical exertion is known to induce changes in the status of inflammation comparisons of the responses for various mediators of inflammation after acute bouts of high-intensity exercise have been limited. Subjects and Methods We examined the responses in serum levels of novel inflammatory proteins, calprotectin, suPAR, CD163, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in 12 physically active volunteers (10 men, 2 women, mean age 37±14 years) before and after completing various types of extreme physical exertion (marathon run, half-marathon run or 24-h cross-country skiing). For comparisons, the levels of the biomarkers were also measured at rest in 30 healthy controls (25 men, 5 women, mean age 42 ± 12 years) with low or sedentary activity. Results Extreme physical exertion induced significant increases in serum calprotectin (p < 0.0005), suPAR (p < 0.01), CD163 (p < 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.0005), IL-8 (p < 0.01) and IL-10 (p < 0.0005) (pre- vs 3h-post-exercise). These responses were found to normalize within 48 hours. While the increases in blood leukocytes were of similar magnitude following the different types of exercise, markedly more pronounced responses occurred in serum TNF-α (p < 0.01), IL-8 (p < 0.01) and CD163 (p < 0.05) in those with more intense activity. In 3-h post-exercise samples significant correlations were observed between serum calprotectin and IL-6 (rs = 0.720, p < 0.01), IL-10 (rs = 0.615, p < 0.05), TNF-α (rs = 0.594, p < 0.05), suPAR (rs = 0.587, p < 0.05) and blood leukocytes (rs = 0.762, p < 0.01). Conclusion The present results suggest distinct exercise-intensity dependent changes in mediators of inflammation (including calprotectin, suPAR and CD163) following extreme physical exertion. Our findings indicate that there is a major reversible impact of high-intensity physical exertion on the status of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Niemelä
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki 60220, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki 60220, Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Aini Bloigu
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Päivikki Kangastupa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki 60220, Finland
| | - Tatu Juvonen
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
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22
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Jiang L, Fang M, Tao R, Yong X, Wu T. Recombinant human interleukin 17A enhances the anti-Candida effect of human oral mucosal epithelial cells by inhibiting Candida albicans growth and inducing antimicrobial peptides secretion. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 49:320-327. [PMID: 31145494 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans (C albicans) is the most common fungal pathogen causing opportunistic infections. IL17 (IL17A) is a vital mediator of antifungal immunity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human interleukin 17A (rhIL17A) on human oral mucosal epithelial cells (hOMECs) defending against C albicans infection. METHODS Human oral mucosal epithelial cells were divided into four groups: C albicans+ (MOI = 0.1), rhIL17A+ (100 μg/L), rhIL17A + C albicans+ (MOI = 0.1, rhIL17A:100 μg/L) and blank control. Then, C albicans growth was observed after 24 hours. Human beta-2 defensin (hBD-2), S100A8 and LL-37 in supernatants and their mRNAs in cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS In C albicans+ group, C albicans hyphae formation and the death of infected hOMECs were observed. However, in the rhIL17A + C albicans+ group, IL17 inhibited both hypha formation, and C albicans from infecting hOMECs and its further growth. There was no statistical significance in adhesion rates of C albicans to hOMECs. Compared with the control group, the level of hBD-2 mRNA has increased, while hBD-2 and hBD-2 mRNA levels in the rhIL17A + C albicans+ group were the highest. Both hBD-2 and hBD-2 mRNA levels were higher in the rhIL17A+ group than in the C albicans+ group. S100A8 and LL-37 mRNAs have similar trend, and both upregulated after treatment with rhIL17A; however, protein levels were undetectable. CONCLUSION Recombinant human interleukin 17A may inhibit C albicans from infecting hOMECs by affecting the growth and reproduction of C albicans as well as the formation of hyphae. Besides, rhIL17A might induce hBD-2, S100A8 and LL-37 secretion from hOMECs to strengthen their anti-infective ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi, China
| | - Meifei Fang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Renchuan Tao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangzhi Yong
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Nanning, China
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23
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Wakiya R, Kameda T, Ueeda K, Nakashima S, Shimada H, Mansour MF, Kato M, Miyagi T, Miyatake N, Kadowaki N, Dobashi H. Hydroxychloroquine modulates elevated expression of S100 proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2019; 28:826-833. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319846391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We investigated the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on S100A8 and S100A9 serum levels in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with low disease activity receiving immunosuppressants. Methods SELENA-SLEDAI, Cutaneous Lupus Erythematous Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) and serum levels of complement factors, anti-dsDNA antibodies, and white blood cell, lymphocyte, and platelet counts were used to evaluate disease activity, cutaneous disease activity, and immunological activity, respectively. Serum S100A8 and S100A9 were measured at HCQ administration and after 3 or 6 months using ELISA. Results S100A8 and S100A9 serum levels were elevated at baseline and the magnitude of decrease from baseline at 3 and 6 months after HCQ administration was greater in patients with renal involvement than in those without (baseline: S100A8, p = 0.034; S100A9, p = 0.0084; decrease: S100A8, p = 0.049; S100A9, p = 0.023). S100 modulation was observed in patients with ( n = 17; S100A8, p = 0.0011; S100A9, p = 0.0002) and without renal involvement ( n = 20; S100A8, p = 0.0056; S100A9, p = 0.0012), and was more apparent in patients with improved CLASI activity scores (improved: S100A8, p = 0.013; S100A9, p = 0.0032; unimproved: S100A8, p = 0.055; S100A9, p = 0.055). No associations were observed for immunological biomarkers. Conclusion HCQ may improve organ involvement in SLE by modulating S100 protein levels, especially in patients with renal or skin involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wakiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - T Kameda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - K Ueeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - S Nakashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - H Shimada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - M F Mansour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - M Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - T Miyagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - N Miyatake
- Department of Hygiene, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - N Kadowaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - H Dobashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
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24
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Hoskin TS, Crowther JM, Cheung J, Epton MJ, Sly PD, Elder PA, Dobson RCJ, Kettle AJ, Dickerhof N. Oxidative cross-linking of calprotectin occurs in vivo, altering its structure and susceptibility to proteolysis. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101202. [PMID: 31015146 PMCID: PMC6477633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin, the major neutrophil protein, is a critical alarmin that modulates inflammation and plays a role in host immunity by strongly binding trace metals essential for bacterial growth. It has two cysteine residues favourably positioned to act as a redox switch. Whether their oxidation occurs in vivo and affects the function of calprotectin has received little attention. Here we show that in saliva from healthy adults, and in lavage fluid from the lungs of patients with respiratory diseases, a substantial proportion of calprotectin was cross-linked via disulfide bonds between the cysteine residues on its S100A8 and S100A9 subunits. Stimulated human neutrophils released calprotectin and subsequently cross-linked it by myeloperoxidase-dependent production of hypochlorous acid. The myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants hypochlorous acid, taurine chloramine, hypobromous acid, and hypothiocyanous acid, all at 10 μM, cross-linked calprotectin (5 μM) via reversible disulfide bonds. Hypochlorous acid generated A9-A9 and A8-A9 cross links. Hydrogen peroxide (10 μM) did not cross-link the protein. Purified neutrophil calprotectin existed as a non-covalent heterodimer of A8/A9 which was converted to a heterotetramer - (A8/A9)2 - with excess calcium ions. Low level oxidation of calprotectin with hypochlorous acid produced substantial proportions of high order oligomers, whether oxidation occurred before or after addition of calcium ions. At high levels of oxidation the heterodimer could not form tetramers with calcium ions, but prior addition of calcium ions afforded some protection for the heterotetramer. Oxidation and formation of the A8-A9 disulfide cross link enhanced calprotectin's susceptibility to proteolysis by neutrophil proteases. We propose that reversible disulfide cross-linking of calprotectin occurs during inflammation and affects its structure and function. Its increased susceptibility to proteolysis will ultimately result in a loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan S Hoskin
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Jennifer M Crowther
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jeanette Cheung
- Canterbury Respiratory Research Group, Respiratory Services, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury District Health Board, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Epton
- Canterbury Respiratory Research Group, Respiratory Services, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury District Health Board, New Zealand
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter A Elder
- Endocrinology and Steroid Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, New Zealand
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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25
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Purba FY, Nii T, Yoshimura Y, Isobe N. Short communication: Production of antimicrobial peptide S100A8 in the goat mammary gland and effect of intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide on S100A8 concentration in milk. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4674-4681. [PMID: 30852007 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the production site of antimicrobial peptide S100A8 in the goat mammary gland and changes in its concentration in milk after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Sixteen Tokara goats were used in this study for mammary gland tissue, blood leukocyte, and milk somatic cell collection and LPS challenge. The mRNA expression and protein localization of S100A8 in the mammary gland parenchyma and teat, blood leukocytes, and milk somatic cells were examined by reverse-transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry. The S100A8 concentration in milk was measured at 0 to 144 h after intramammary challenge of LPS by enzyme immunoassay. The mRNA of S100A8 was expressed in the parenchyma and teat, leukocytes isolated from blood, and milk somatic cells. Antimicrobial peptide S100A8 was immunolocalized in the outermost layer of the teat skin of udders with and without LPS infusion, whereas in the mammary gland it was immunolocalized only in the leukocytes infiltrated in the alveoli after LPS infusion. Antimicrobial peptide S100A8 was also immunolocalized in the blood and milk leukocytes. The number of S100A8-positive cells in milk was higher than that in blood. The concentration of S100A8 in milk increased significantly at 72 h after intramammary infusion of LPS. These results suggest that S100A8 is produced in the leukocytes and that its secretion into milk is affected by LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Purba
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - T Nii
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Y Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - N Isobe
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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26
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Lienau S, Rink L, Wessels I. The role of zinc in calprotectin expression in human myeloid cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:106-112. [PMID: 29895358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of calprotectin and other inflammatory mediators have been observed in inflammatory diseases paralleling serum hypozincemia. While a role of zinc in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression has been established, the direct interrelation of zinc and calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer) expression is so far missing. In the present study, we analyzed mRNA and protein levels of S100A8 and S100A9 in monocytic Mono Mac (MM)1 and early myeloid THP-1 and U937 cells to elucidate the effect of zinc deficiency on their expression. We could depict that zinc deficiency alone enhances mRNA and protein expression of calprotectin in myeloid cells, independently from maturity stage. Moreover, pre-existing zinc deficiency augmented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced calprotectin expression in CD14+ MM1, but not in CD14- U937 or CD14- THP-1 cells. Zinc deficiency and LPS seem therefore to activate different intracellular pathways. Our findings suggest that zinc does not only regulate the activity of calprotectin but also its expression by human myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lienau
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
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27
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Yun J, Xiao T, Zhou L, Beuerman RW, Li J, Zhao Y, Hadayer A, Zhang X, Sun D, Kaplan HJ, Shao H. Local S100A8 Levels Correlate With Recurrence of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis and Promote Pathogenic T Cell Activity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:1332-1342. [PMID: 29625456 PMCID: PMC5846334 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in recurrent experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Methods Recurrent EAU was induced in Lewis rats by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) R16-peptide specific T cells (tEAU). Aqueous humor and serum samples were kinetically collected and DAMPs examined by quantitative proteomics, Western blot analysis, and ELISA. tEAU rats were treated with S100 inhibitor paquinimod followed by disease evaluation. The functions of T effector cells and T regulatory cells (Tregs) were compared between treated and nontreated groups. The expression of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells was examined by flow cytometry. Results S100A8, but not high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), in the eye was found to be correlated with intraocular inflammatory episodes. Administration of paquinimod significantly protected tEAU rats from recurrence. Treated tEAU rats had fewer R16-specific Th1 and Th17 cells, but increased numbers of Tregs. R16-specific T cells from treated tEAU rats into naïve recipients prevented induction of tEAU by R16-specific T cells from nontreated tEAU rats. Moreover, APCs from treated tEAU rats expressed higher levels of a negative costimulatory molecule, CD200R, and lower levels of CD80, CD86, and MHC class II molecules compared to APCs from nontreated tEAU rats. An opposite pattern of expression of these molecules was observed on APCs incubated in vitro with recombinant S100A8. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a link between local expression of DAMPs and autoimmune responses, and suggest that complete S100A8/A9 blockade may be a new therapeutic target in recurrent autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sullivan University College of Pharmacy, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Amir Hadayer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Uveitis & Ocular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
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28
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Xu X, Chen Z, Zhu X, Wang D, Liang J, Zhao C, Feng X, Wang J, Zou H, Sun L. S100A9 aggravates bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis in mice via activation of ERK1/2 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:194-201. [PMID: 29456817 PMCID: PMC5811759 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.19987.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the pathogenicity and possible mechanisms of S100A9 function in mice models of scleroderma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The content of S100A9 in the skin tissues of mice with scleroderma was determined. Different concentrations of bleomycin (BLM) and S100A9 were subcutaneously injected into the backs of mice simultaneously, and then pathological changes in the skin of these mice were monitored. Specifically, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), the activation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, and the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) in the skin were determined. RESULTS The content of S100A9 in the skin tissues of mice with scleroderma was determined. Different concentrations of BLM and S100A9 were subcutaneously injected into the backs of mice simultaneously, and then pathological changes in the skin of these mice were monitored. Specifically, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), the activation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, and the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) in the skin were determined. CONCLUSION S100A9 aggravates dermal fibrosis in BLM-induced scleroderma (BIS) mice, and its mechanisms might be mediated by RAGE, ERK1/2, and NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
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29
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El Gammal AT, Sturm JH, Pinnschmidt HO, Hofmann BT, Bellon E. Protein S100A8/A9: A Potential New Biomarker for Pancreatic Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17352/ijcem.000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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30
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Cai D, Li Y, Zhou C, Jiang Y, Jiao J, Wu L. Comparative proteomics analysis of primary cutaneous amyloidosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3004-3012. [PMID: 28912854 PMCID: PMC5585729 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) is a localized skin disorder that is characterized by the abnormal deposition of amyloid in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the dermis. The pathogenesis of PCA is poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to survey proteome changes in PCA lesions in order to gain insight into the molecular basis and pathogenesis of PCA. Total protein from PCA lesions and normal skin tissue samples were extracted and analyzed using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation technique. The function of differentially expressed proteins in PCA were analyzed by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction analysis. The proteins that were most upregulated in PCA lesions were further analyzed by immunohistochemistry. A total of 1,032 proteins were identified in PCA lesions and control skin samples, with 51 proteins differentially expressed in PCA lesions, of which 27 were upregulated. In PCA lesions, the upregulated proteins were primarily extracellulary located. In addition, GO analysis indicated that the upregulated proteins were significantly enriched in the biological processes of epidermal development, collagen fiber organization and response to wounding (adjusted P<0.001). KEGG analysis indicated that the upregulated proteins were significantly enriched in the signaling pathways of cell communication, ECM receptor interaction and focal adhesion (adjusted P<0.001). Furthermore, the upregulated proteins were enriched in the molecular function of calcium ion binding, and the calcium binding proteins calmodulin-like protein 5, S100 calcium-binding protein A7 (S100A7)/fatty-acid binding protein and S100A8/A9 exhibited the highest levels of upregulation in PCA. This analysis of differentially expressed proteins in PCA suggests that increased focal adhesion, differentiation and wound healing is associated with the pathogenesis of PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Protein Innovation Co. Ltd., Beijing 101318, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Jiang
- Beijing Protein Innovation Co. Ltd., Beijing 101318, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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31
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Brod S, Gobbetti T, Gittens B, Ono M, Perretti M, D'Acquisto F. The impact of environmental enrichment on the murine inflammatory immune response. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90723. [PMID: 28405616 PMCID: PMC5374068 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Living in a mentally and physically stimulating environment has been suggested to have a beneficial effect on the immune response. This study investigates these effects, utilizing a 2-week program of environmental enrichment (EE) and 2 models of acute inflammation: zymosan-induced peritonitis (ZIP) and the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. Our results revealed that following exposure to EE, mice possessed a significantly higher circulating neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio compared with control animals. When subject to ZIP, EE animals exhibit enhanced neutrophil and macrophage influx into their peritoneal cavity. Corresponding results were found in CLP, where we observed an improved capacity for enriched animals to clear systemic microbial infection. Ex vivo investigation of leukocyte activity also revealed that macrophages from EE mice presented an enhanced phagocytic capacity. Supporting these findings, microarray analysis of EE animals revealed the increased expression of immunomodulatory genes associated with a heightened and immunoprotective status. Taken together, these results provide potentially novel mechanisms by which EE influences the development and dynamics of the immune response. A housing period as little as 2 weeks in an enriched environment with an increase in spatial and sensorial stimuli improved the ability of mice to clear infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Brod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Gobbetti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Gittens
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Masahiro Ono
- University of London Imperial College Science Technology & Medicine, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Natural Science, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
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32
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Bruhn LV, Lauridsen KG, Schmidt AS, Rickers H, Bach LF, Løfgren B, Hornung N. Elevated calprotectin in patients with atrial fibrillation with and without heart failure. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 77:210-215. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1292364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lærke V. Bruhn
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Kasper G. Lauridsen
- Clinical Research Unit, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders S. Schmidt
- Clinical Research Unit, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Rickers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Leif F. Bach
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Bo Løfgren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nete Hornung
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
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33
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Ishimoto T, Ninomiya K, Inoue R, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, Mori H. Mice lacking BCAS1, a novel myelin-associated protein, display hypomyelination, schizophrenia-like abnormal behaviors, and upregulation of inflammatory genes in the brain. Glia 2017; 65:727-739. [PMID: 28230289 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal expression and function of myelin-related proteins contribute to nervous system dysfunction associated with neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the underlying mechanism of this remains unclear. We found here that breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1 (BCAS1), a basic protein abundant in the brain, was expressed specifically in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, and that its expression level was decreased by demyelination. This suggests that BCAS1 is a novel myelin-associated protein. BCAS1 knockout mice displayed schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities and a tendency toward reduced anxiety-like behaviors. Moreover, we found that the loss of BCAS1 specifically induced hypomyelination and the expression of inflammation-related genes in the brain. These observations provide a novel insight into the functional link between oligodendrocytes and inflammation and/or abnormal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ishimoto
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ninomiya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ran Inoue
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Li X, Lu R, Xu P, Zhang X, Dai M, Dai X, Qu J, Lu F, Chi Z. S100A8 promotes migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells in acute anterior uveitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36140. [PMID: 27786310 PMCID: PMC5081561 DOI: 10.1038/srep36140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveitis, the pathologic condition of inflammation of the uvea, frequently leads to severe vision loss and blindness. S100A8 is a calcium-binding protein which mainly expresses in granulocytes and monocytes and plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. Here, we determined the role of S100A8-positive cells in acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and keratitis. In rat models of endotoxin (lipopolisaccharide, LPS) -induced uveitis (EIU) and keratitis, S100A8-positive granulocytes and monocytes increased significantly in the iris-ciliary body and cornea as well as in the blood. Interestingly, Glucocorticoids slightly increased S100A8 levels in leukocytes, but reduced its presence significantly in the iris-ciliary body after LPS injection. Moreover, inhibition of NF-kB activation remarkably suppressed both progression of AAU and total S100A8 levels in leukocytes and the iris-ciliary body after LPS administration. Additionally, S100A8 protein level was also found to be elevated in the serum of AAU patients parallel with the progression of AAU through the designated clinical stages. Thus, S100A8 plays a pivotal role in the processes of AAU through involvement in migration and infiltration of S100A8-positive cells. Our findings suggest that serum levels of S100A8 protein can be used to monitor inflammatory activity in AAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuhui Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Laihe Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mali Dai
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Dai
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zailong Chi
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China
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36
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Sharma S, Meena LS. Potential of Ca 2+ in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37Rv Pathogenesis and Survival. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:762-771. [PMID: 27660000 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The host-pathogen interaction and involvement of calcium (Ca2+) signaling in tuberculosis infection is crucial and plays a significant role in pathogenesis. Ca2+ is known as a ubiquitous second messenger that could control multiple processes and is included in cellular activities like division, motility, stress response, and signaling. However, Ca2+ is thought to be a regulative molecule in terms of TB infection but its binding relation with proteins/substrates molecules which are influenced with Ca2+ concentrations in host-pathogen interaction requires attention. So, in this review, our primary goal is to focus on some Ca2+ substrates/proteins and their imperative involvement in pathogenesis, which is unclear. We have discussed several Ca2+-binding substrate and protein that affect intracellular mechanism of infected host cell. The major involvement of these proteins/substrates including calmodulin (CaM), calpain, annexin, surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein D (SP-D), calprotectin (MRP8/14), and PE_PGRS family protein are considered to be significant; however, their detailed understanding in mycobacterium infection is limited. In this aspect, this study will help in adding up our understanding in TB biology and additionally in the development of new therapeutic approach to reduce TB pandemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Laxman S Meena
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Pruenster M, Vogl T, Roth J, Sperandio M. S100A8/A9: From basic science to clinical application. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:120-131. [PMID: 27492899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils and monocytes belong to the first line of immune defence cells and are recruited to sites of inflammation during infection or sterile injury. Both cells contain huge amounts of the heterodimeric protein S100A8/A9 in their cytoplasm. S100A8/A9 belongs to the Ca2+ binding S100 protein family and has recently gained a lot of interest as a critical alarmin modulating the inflammatory response after its release (extracellular S100A8/A9) from neutrophils and monocytes. Extracellular S100A8/A9 interacts with the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) promoting cell activation and recruitment. Besides its biological function, S100A8/A9 (also known as myeloid related protein 8/14, MRP8/14) was identified as interesting biomarker to monitor disease activity in chronic inflammatory disorders including inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, S100A8/A9 has been tested successfully in pre-clinical imaging studies to localize sites of infection or sterile injury. Finally, recent evidence using small molecule inhibitors for S100A8/A9 also suggests that blocking S100A8/A9 activity exerts beneficial effects on disease activity in animal models of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This review will provide a comprehensive and detailed overview into the structure and biological function of S100A8/A9 and also will give an outlook in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic applications targeting S100A8/A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pruenster
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
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38
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Alaiya AA, Aljurf M, Shinwari Z, Almohareb F, Malhan H, Alzahrani H, Owaidah T, Fox J, Alsharif F, Mohamed SY, Rasheed W, Aldawsari G, Hanbali A, Ahmed SO, Chaudhri N. Protein signatures as potential surrogate biomarkers for stratification and prediction of treatment response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:913-33. [PMID: 27573699 PMCID: PMC4948960 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is unmet need for prediction of treatment response for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. The present study aims to identify disease-specific/disease-associated protein biomarkers detectable in bone marrow and peripheral blood for objective prediction of individual’s best treatment options and prognostic monitoring of CML patients. Bone marrow plasma (BMP) and peripheral blood plasma (PBP) samples from newly-diagnosed chronic-phase CML patients were subjected to expression-proteomics using quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analysis of 2-DE protein fingerprints preceding therapy commencement accurately predicts 13 individuals that achieved major molecular response (MMR) at 6 months from 12 subjects without MMR (No-MMR). Results were independently validated using LC-MS/MS analysis of BMP and PBP from patients that have more than 24 months followed-up. One hundred and sixty-four and 138 proteins with significant differential expression profiles were identified from PBP and BMP, respectively and only 54 proteins overlap between the two datasets. The protein panels also discriminates accurately patients that stay on imatinib treatment from patients ultimately needing alternative treatment. Among the identified proteins are TYRO3, a member of TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the S100A8, and MYC and all of which have been implicated in CML. Our findings indicate analyses of a panel of protein signatures is capable of objective prediction of molecular response and therapy choice for CML patients at diagnosis as ‘personalized-medicine-model’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele A Alaiya
- Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakia Shinwari
- Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Almohareb
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Malhan
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa Alzahrani
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Owaidah
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan Fox
- Waters U.K. Limited, Atlas Park, Simonsway, Manchester, M22 5PP, UK
| | - Fahad Alsharif
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Said Y Mohamed
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Rasheed
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghuzayel Aldawsari
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Hanbali
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Osman Ahmed
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Chaudhri
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
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39
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Chen S, Jiang M, Ding T, Wang J, Long P. Calprotectin is a potential prognostic marker for polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 54:253-257. [PMID: 27217417 DOI: 10.1177/0004563216653762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Calprotectin is an antimicrobial, calcium and zinc-binding heterocomplex protein and has been proposed as a marker to rule out inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of calprotectin in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome and to investigate the association between calprotectin and insulin resistance. Methods A total of 41 females with polycystic ovary syndrome and 54 age-matched without polycystic ovary syndrome were eligible for the study. Serum concentration of calprotectin was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical characteristics, hormone and metabolic parameters were evaluated in each subject. The predictive value of serum calprotectin was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Correlations between the serum calprotectin concentrations and insulin resistance were examined using Spearman's correlation. Results We found that the serum calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in polycystic ovary syndrome compared with the non-polycystic ovary syndrome group ( P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve assay yielded a satisfactory result of 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.81-0.95; P < 0.001). The optimum cut-off was 2.4 µg/mL with a 85.2% specificity and 75.6% sensitivity for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis. A significant positive correlation was found between the serum calprotectin and insulin resistance. Conclusions These results suggest that calprotectin might be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome, especially those with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzhen Chen
- 1 Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- 2 Jingmen No.2 People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jingmen, China
| | - Tao Ding
- 2 Jingmen No.2 People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jingmen, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- 2 Jingmen No.2 People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jingmen, China
| | - Ping Long
- 2 Jingmen No.2 People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jingmen, China
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40
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Gheibi N, Asghari H, Chegini KG, Sahmani M, Moghadasi M. The role of calcium in the conformational changes of the recombinant S100A8/S100A91. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Ometto F, Friso L, Astorri D, Botsios C, Raffeiner B, Punzi L, Doria A. Calprotectin in rheumatic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:859-873. [PMID: 27895095 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216681551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin is a heterodimer formed by two proteins, S100A8 and S100A9, which are mainly produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils in the circulation and in inflamed tissues. The implication of calprotectin in the inflammatory process has already been demonstrated, but its role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and monitoring of rheumatic diseases has gained great attention in recent years. Calprotectin, being stable at room temperature, is a candidate biomarker for the follow-up of disease activity in many autoimmune disorders, where it can predict response to treatment or disease relapse. There is evidence that a number of immunomodulators, including TNF-α inhibitors, may reduce calprotectin expression. S100A8 and S100A9 have a potential role as a target of treatment in murine models of autoimmune disorders, since the direct or indirect blockade of these proteins results in amelioration of the disease process. In this review, we will go over the biologic functions of calprotectin which might be involved in the etiology of rheumatic disorders. We will also report evidence of its potential use as a disease biomarker. Impact statement Calprotectin is an acute-phase protein produced by monocytes and neutrophils in the circulation and inflamed tissues. Calprotectin seems to be more sensitive than CRP, being able to detect minimal residual inflammation and is a candidate biomarker in inflammatory diseases. High serum levels are associated with some severe manifestations of rheumatic diseases, such as glomerulonephritis and lung fibrosis. Calprotectin levels in other fluids, such as saliva and synovial fluid, might be helpful in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases. Of interest is also the potential role of calprotectin as a target of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ometto
- Medicine Department - DIMED, Rheumatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Lara Friso
- Medicine Department - DIMED, Rheumatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Davide Astorri
- Medicine Department - DIMED, Rheumatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Costantino Botsios
- Medicine Department - DIMED, Rheumatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Bernd Raffeiner
- Medicine Department - DIMED, Rheumatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Medicine Department - DIMED, Rheumatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Medicine Department - DIMED, Rheumatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
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Pergialiotis V, Prodromidou A, Pappa E, Vlachos GD, Perrea DN, Papantoniou N. An evaluation of calprotectin as serum marker of preeclampsia: a systematic review of observational studies. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:95-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Zhang X, Ai F, Li X, She X, Li N, Tang A, Qin Z, Ye Q, Tian L, Li G, Shen S, Ma J. Inflammation-induced S100A8 activates Id3 and promotes colorectal tumorigenesis. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2803-14. [PMID: 26135667 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of S100A8 and S100A9 is linked to nonresolving inflammation and ultimately to carcinogenesis, whereas the underlying mechanism that allows inflammation to progress to specific cancer types remains unknown. Here, we report that S100A8 was induced by inflammation and then promoted colorectal tumorigenesis downstream by activating Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3). Using gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry, we found that both S100A8 and S100A9 were upregulated in the chemically-induced colitis-associated cancer mouse model and in human colorectal cancer specimens. Furthermore, we showed that S100A8 and S100A9 acted as chemoattractant proteins by recruiting macrophages, promoting the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cell, as well as spurring the cycle that culminates in the acceleration of cancer metastasis in a nude mouse model. S100A8 regulated colon cancer cell cycle and proliferation by inducing Id3 expression while inhibiting p21. Id3 expression was regulated by Smad5, which was directly phosphorylated by Akt1. Our study revealed a novel mechanism in which inflammation-induced S100A8 promoted colorectal tumorigenesis by acting upstream to activate the Akt1-Smad5-Id3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyan Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling She
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Anliu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Qiurong Ye
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Shourong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
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Imani M, Bahrami Y, Jaliani HZ, Ardestani SK. In solution cation-induced secondary and tertiary structure alterations of human calprotectin. Protein J 2015; 33:465-73. [PMID: 25213023 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-014-9578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Calprotectin (CP) is widely considered to have diverse roles including growth inhibitory and apoptosis induction in a number of tumor cell lines and antimicrobial activities. As CP has been proposed to bind metal ions with high affinity, we have studied its functional and primarily its structural behavior upon Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) chelation solely and along with Ca(2+). We employed fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism to determine the resulting modifications. Based upon our findings it is clear that treating CP with ions effectively weakened its natural growth inhibitory activity. Moreover, structural analysis of Zn(2+) and Mn(2+)-treated CPs indicated remarkable alterations in the regular secondary structures in favor of irregular structures while Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) treatment of CP after incubation with Ca(2+) displayed no remarkable shifts. Tertiary structure investigation using fluorescence spectroscopy showed that CP undergoes conformational changes upon Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) treatment whereby Trp residues of protein is slightly exposed to the hydrophilic environment, compactness of CP is compromised, whereas in Ca(2+)-treated CP, the tertiary structure integrity is intact upon Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) chelation. Interestingly, CP structural modifications upon Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) treatment was significantly comparable, probably due to similar radii and charges of ions. Taken all together, we have concluded that CP maintains its normal nature in Ca(2+)-loaded state when treated with Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) ions. It can be suggested that Ca(2+) not only stabilize CP structure but also helps CP to keep its structure upon metal ions chelation which is involved in host organism defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Imani
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Nazloo, Urmia, Iran,
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Shin MK, Shin SW, Jung M, Park H, Park HE, Yoo HS. Host gene expression for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in human THP-1 macrophages. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv031. [PMID: 25877879 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, which causes considerable economic loss in the dairy industry and has a possible relationship to Crohn's disease (CD) in humans. As MAP has been detected in retail pasteurized milk samples, its transmission via milk is of concern. Despite its possible role in the etiology of CD, there have been few studies examining the interactions between MAP and human cells. In the current study, we applied Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to the transcription profiles generated from a murine model with MAP infection as part of a previously conducted study. Twenty-one genes were selected as potential host immune responses, compared with the transcriptional profiles in naturally MAP-infected cattle, and validated in MAP-infected human monocyte-derived macrophage THP-1 cells. Of these, the potential host responses included up-regulation of genes related to immune response (CD14, S100A8, S100A9, LTF, HP and CHCIL3), up-regulation of Th1-polarizing factor (CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10), down-regulation of genes related to metabolism (ELANE, IGF1, TCF7L2 and MPO) and no significant response of other genes (GADD45a, GPNMB, HMOX1, IFNG and NQO1) in THP-1 cells infected with MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - Seung Won Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Hongtae Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916, Korea
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46
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Iotzova-Weiss G, Dziunycz PJ, Freiberger SN, Läuchli S, Hafner J, Vogl T, French LE, Hofbauer GFL. S100A8/A9 stimulates keratinocyte proliferation in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin via the receptor for advanced glycation-end products. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120971. [PMID: 25811984 PMCID: PMC4374726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm in organ transplant recipients (OTR) on long-term immunosuppression and occurs 60- to 100-fold more frequently than in the general population. Here, we present the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and S100A8/A9 as important factors driving normal and tumor keratinocyte proliferation. RAGE and S100A8/A9 were transcriptionally upregulated in SCC compared to normal epidermis, as well as in OTR compared to immunocompetent patients (IC) with SCC. The proliferation of normal and SCC keratinocytes was induced by exposure to exogenous S100A8/A9 which in turn was abolished by blocking of RAGE. The migratory activities of normal and SCC keratinocytes were also increased upon exposure to S100A8/A9. We demonstrated that exogenous S100A8/A9 induces phosphorylation of p38 and SAPK/JNK followed by activation of ERK1/2. We hypothesize that RAGE and S100A8/A9 contribute to the development of human SCC by modulating keratinocyte growth and migration. These processes do not seem to be impaired by profound drug-mediated immunosuppression in OTR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr J. Dziunycz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Severin Läuchli
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University Clinic Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars E. French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lu SM, Yu CJ, Liu YH, Dong HQ, Zhang X, Zhang SS, Hu LQ, Zhang F, Qian YN, Gui B. S100A8 contributes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in mice undergoing tibial fracture surgery by activating the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 44:221-34. [PMID: 25449673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation plays a key role in the occurrence and development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Although S100A8 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) have been increasingly recognized to contribute to neuro-inflammation, little is known about the interaction between S100A8 and TLR4/MyD88 signaling in the process of systemic inflammation that leads to neuro-inflammation. Firstly, we demonstrated that C57BL/6 wide-type mice exhibit cognitive deficit 24h after the tibial fracture surgery. Subsequently, increased S100A8 and S100A9 expression was found in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), spleen, and hippocampus of C57BL/6 wide-type mice within 48h after the surgery. Pre-operative administration of S100A8 antibody significantly inhibited hippocampal microgliosis and improved cognitive function 24h after the surgery. Secondly, we also observed TLR4/MyD88 activation in the PBMCs, spleen, and hippocampus after the surgery. Compared with those in their corresponding wide-type mice, TLR4(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) mice showed lower immunoreactive area of microglia in the hippocampal CA3 region after operation. TLR4 deficiency also led to reduction of CD45(hi)CD11b(+) cells in the brain and better performance in both Y maze and open field test after surgery, suggesting a new regulatory mechanism of TLR4-dependent POCD. At last, the co-location of S100A8 and TLR4 expression in spleen after operation suggested a close relationship between them. On the one hand, S100A8 could induce TLR4 activation of CD11b(+) cells in the blood and hippocampus via intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection. On the other hand, TLR4 deficiency conversely alleviated S100A8 protein-induced hippocampal microgliosis. Furthermore, the increased expression of S100A8 protein in the hippocampus induced by surgery sharply decreased in both TLR4 and MyD88 genetically deficient mice. Taken together, these data suggest that S100A8 exerts pro-inflammatory effect on the occurrence and development of neuro-inflammation and POCD by activating TLR4/MyD88 signaling in the early pathological process of the postoperative stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Mei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chan-Juan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Ya-Hua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Hong-Quan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Su-Su Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Liu-Qing Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wuxi First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Yan-Ning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Bo Gui
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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48
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Peterson NW, Buote NJ, Barr JW. The impact of surgical timing and intervention on outcome in traumatized dogs and cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2015; 25:63-75. [PMID: 25605629 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the relevant human and veterinary literature regarding the timing of surgical intervention for trauma patients and the impact on outcome. DATA SOURCES Original research, clinical studies, and review articles with no date restrictions from both human and veterinary literature. HUMAN DATA SYNTHESIS Despite extensive research into the ideal timing of surgical intervention for human trauma victims, debate is ongoing and views are still evolving. Prior to the 1970s, the standard of care consisted of delayed surgical treatment, as these patients were considered too ill to undergo surgery. Beginning in the 1970s, and continuing for nearly 2 decades, early definitive surgical treatment was recommended. The most recent evolution of human trauma management incorporates the concept of damage control surgery, which acknowledges the importance of early skeletal stabilization or laparotomy for reducing morbidity while attempting to avoid complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS Despite a relatively large amount of literature available regarding veterinary trauma, no evidence exists to provide the clinician guidance as to the ideal timing of surgery for trauma patients. With the exception of diaphragmatic hernia, no studies were identified that attempted to evaluate this variable. CONCLUSIONS Veterinary-specific studies are needed to evaluate the impact of surgical timing on outcome following trauma. The information that can be obtained from studies in this area can improve veterinary trauma care and may be used as models for human trauma care through translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Peterson
- Departments of Critical Care, VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, 90025
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Epithelial antimicrobial peptides: guardian of the oral cavity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2014; 2014:370297. [PMID: 25435884 PMCID: PMC4243596 DOI: 10.1155/2014/370297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gingival epithelium provides first line of defence from the microorganisms present in dental plaque. It not only provides a mechanical barrier but also has an active immune function too. Gingival epithelial cells participate in innate immunity by producing a range of antimicrobial peptides to protect the host against oral pathogens. These epithelial antimicrobial peptides (EAPs) include the β-defensin family, cathelicidin (LL-37), calprotectin, and adrenomedullin. While some are constitutively expressed in gingival epithelial cells, others are induced upon exposure to microbial insults. It is likely that these EAPs have a role in determining the initiation and progression of oral diseases. EAPs are broad spectrum antimicrobials with a different but overlapping range of activity. Apart from antimicrobial activity, they participate in several other crucial roles in host tissues. Some of these, for instance, β-defensins, are chemotactic to immune cells. Others, such as calprotectin are important for wound healing and cell proliferation. Adrenomedullin, a multifunctional peptide, has its biological action in a wide range of tissues. Not only is it a potent vasodilator but also it has several endocrine effects. Knowing in detail the various bioactions of these EAPs may provide us with useful information regarding their utility as therapeutic agents.
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50
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Zheng Y, Hou J, Peng L, Zhang X, Jia L, Wang X, Wei S, Meng H. The pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory effects of calprotectin on human periodontal ligament cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110421. [PMID: 25338166 PMCID: PMC4206420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin, a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9 subunits, is associated with inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and cystic fibrosis. Although calprotectin levels are increased significantly in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontitis patients, its effects on periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate calprotectin levels in the GCF of generalized aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients and to investigate the effects of recombinant human calprotectin (rhS100A8/A9) and its subunits (rhS100A8 and rhS100A9) in PDLCs. Both the concentration and amount of crevicular calprotectin were significantly higher in the AgP group compared with healthy controls. In addition, the GCF calprotectin levels were correlated positively with clinical periodontal parameters including bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss. rhS100A8/A9 promoted cell apoptosis, whereas rhS100A8 and rhS100A9 individually exerted little effect on apoptosis in PDLCs. rhS100A9 and rhS100A8/A9 increased the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by promoting the nuclear translocation of p65 in PDLCs, subsequently inducing expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and COX2. Treatment with an NF-κB inhibitor partially reversed the rhS100A9- and rhS100A8/A9-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. rhS100A9, and not rhS100A8, was mainly responsible for the pro-inflammatory role of calprotectin. Collectively, our results suggest that calprotectin promotes apoptosis and the inflammatory response in PDLCs via rhS100A9. These findings might help identify novel treatments for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianxia Hou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xian'e Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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