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Kazakova A, Zhelnov P, Sidorov R, Rogova A, Vasileva O, Ivanov R, Reshetnikov V, Muslimov A. DNA and RNA vaccines against tuberculosis: a scoping review of human and animal studies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1457327. [PMID: 39421744 PMCID: PMC11483866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1457327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To comprehensively identify and provide an overview of in vivo or clinical studies of nucleic acids (NA)-based vaccines against TB we included human or animal studies of NA vaccines for the prevention or treatment of TB and excluded in vitro or in silico research, studies of microorganisms other than M. tuberculosis, reviews, letters, and low-yield reports. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, selected Web of Science and ProQuest databases, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY.RU, PROSPERO, OSF Registries, Cochrane CENTRAL, EU Clinical Trials Register, clinicaltrials.gov, and others through WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, AVMA and CABI databases, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and others through OSF Preprint Archive Search. We searched the same sources and Google for vaccine names (GX-70) and scanned reviews for references. Data on antigenic composition, delivery systems, adjuvants, and vaccine efficacy were charted and summarized descriptively. Results A total of 18,157 records were identified, of which 968 were assessed for eligibility. No clinical studies were identified. 365 reports of 345 animal studies were included in the review. 342 (99.1%) studies involved DNA vaccines, and the remaining three focused on mRNA vaccines. 285 (82.6%) studies used single-antigen vaccines, while 48 (13.9%) used multiple antigens or combinations with adjuvants. Only 12 (3.5%) studies involved multiepitope vaccines. The most frequently used antigens were immunodominant secretory antigens (Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT6), heat shock proteins, and cell wall proteins. Most studies delivered naked plasmid DNA intramuscularly without additional adjuvants. Only 4 of 17 studies comparing NA vaccines to BCG after M. tuberculosis challenge demonstrated superior protection in terms of bacterial load reduction. Some vaccine variants showed better efficacy compared to BCG. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/, identifier F7P9G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Kazakova
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Pavel Zhelnov
- Zheln, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Sidorov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch, Perm, Russia
| | - Anna Rogova
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Nano- and Microencapsulation of Biologically Active Compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Vasileva
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Roman Ivanov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Reshetnikov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Albert Muslimov
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Mkulo EM, Wang B, Amoah K, Huang Y, Cai J, Jin X, Wang Z. The current status and development forecasts of vaccines for aquaculture and its effects on bacterial and viral diseases. Microb Pathog 2024; 196:106971. [PMID: 39307198 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The aquaculture sector predicts protein-rich meals by 2040 and has experienced significant economic shifts since 2000. However, challenges emanating from disease control measures, brood stock improvement, feed advancements, hatchery technology, and water quality management due to environmental fluctuations have been taken as major causative agents for hindering the sector's growth. For the past years, aquatic disease prevention and control have principally depended on the use of various antibiotics, ecologically integrated control, other immunoprophylaxis mechanisms, and chemical drugs, but the long-term use of chemicals such as antibiotics not only escalates antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes but also harms the fish and the environments, resulting in drug residues in aquatic products, severely obstructing the growth of the aquaculture sector. The field of science has opened new avenues in basic and applied research for creating and producing innovative and effective vaccines and the enhancement of current vaccines to protect against numerous infectious diseases. Recent advances in vaccines and vaccinology could lead to novel vaccine candidates that can tackle fish diseases, including parasitic organism agents, for which the current vaccinations are inadequate. In this review, we study and evaluate the growing aquaculture production by focusing on the current knowledge, recent progress, and prospects related to vaccinations and immunizations in the aquaculture industry and their effects on treating bacterial and viral diseases. The subject matter covers a variety of vaccines, such as conventional inactivated and attenuated vaccines as well as advanced vaccines, and examines their importance in real-world aquaculture scenarios. To encourage enhanced importation of vaccines for aquaculture sustainability and profitability and also help in dealing with challenges emanating from diseases, national and international scientific and policy initiatives need to be informed about the fundamental understanding of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evodia Moses Mkulo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Kwaku Amoah
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China.
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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Pushko P, Lukashevich IS, Johnson DM, Tretyakova I. Single-Dose Immunogenic DNA Vaccines Coding for Live-Attenuated Alpha- and Flaviviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:428. [PMID: 38543793 PMCID: PMC10974764 DOI: 10.3390/v16030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-dose, immunogenic DNA (iDNA) vaccines coding for whole live-attenuated viruses are reviewed. This platform, sometimes called immunization DNA, has been used for vaccine development for flavi- and alphaviruses. An iDNA vaccine uses plasmid DNA to launch live-attenuated virus vaccines in vitro or in vivo. When iDNA is injected into mammalian cells in vitro or in vivo, the RNA genome of an attenuated virus is transcribed, which starts replication of a defined, live-attenuated vaccine virus in cell culture or the cells of a vaccine recipient. In the latter case, an immune response to the live virus vaccine is elicited, which protects against the pathogenic virus. Unlike other nucleic acid vaccines, such as mRNA and standard DNA vaccines, iDNA vaccines elicit protection with a single dose, thus providing major improvement to epidemic preparedness. Still, iDNA vaccines retain the advantages of other nucleic acid vaccines. In summary, the iDNA platform combines the advantages of reverse genetics and DNA immunization with the high immunogenicity of live-attenuated vaccines, resulting in enhanced safety and immunogenicity. This vaccine platform has expanded the field of genetic DNA and RNA vaccines with a novel type of immunogenic DNA vaccines that encode entire live-attenuated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Dylan M. Johnson
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 945501, USA;
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
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Pastore G, Polvere J, Fiorino F, Lucchesi S, Montesi G, Rancan I, Zirpoli S, Lippi A, Durante M, Fabbiani M, Tumbarello M, Montagnani F, Medaglini D, Ciabattini A. Homologous or heterologous administration of mRNA or adenovirus-vectored vaccines show comparable immunogenicity and effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:432-444. [PMID: 38517153 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2333952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterologous prime-boost schedules have been employed in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, yet additional data on immunogenicity and effectiveness are still needed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Here, we measured the immunogenicity and effectiveness in the real-world setting of the mRNA booster dose in 181 subjects who had completed primary vaccination with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, or mRNA1273 vaccines (IMMUNO_COV study; protocol code 18,869). The spike-specific antibody and B cell responses were analyzed up to 6 months after boosting. RESULTS After an initial slower antibody response, the heterologous ChAdOx1/mRNA prime-boost formulation elicited spike-specific IgG titers comparable to homologous approaches, while spike-specific B cells showed a higher percentage of CD21-CD27- atypical cells compared to homologous mRNA vaccination. Mixed combinations of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 elicited an immune response comparable with homologous strategies. Non-significant differences in the Relative Risk of infection, calculated over a period of 18 months after boosting, were reported among homologous or heterologous vaccination groups, indicating a comparable relative vaccine effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our data endorse the heterologous booster vaccination with mRNA as a valuable alternative to homologous schedules. This approach can serve as a solution in instances of formulation shortages and contribute to enhancing vaccine strategies for potential epidemics or pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabiria Pastore
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Polvere
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiorino
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University "Giuseppe Degennaro"; Casamassima, Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Lucchesi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Montesi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rancan
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Zirpoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Arianna Lippi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Miriam Durante
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Mario Tumbarello
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Montagnani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Sheehan J, Ardizzone CM, Khanna M, Trauth AJ, Hagensee ME, Ramsay AJ. Dynamics of Serum-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Vaccinees through Multiple Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1720. [PMID: 38006052 PMCID: PMC10675463 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are administered as effective prophylactic measures for reducing virus transmission rates and disease severity. To enhance the durability of post-vaccination immunity and combat SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters have been administered to two-dose vaccinees. However, long-term humoral responses following booster vaccination are not well characterized. A 16-member cohort of healthy SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants were enrolled in this study during a three-dose BNT162b2 vaccine series. Serum samples were collected from vaccinees over 420 days and screened for antigen (Ag)-specific antibody titers, IgG subclass distribution, and neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses. Vaccine boosting restored peak Ag-specific titers with sustained α-RBD IgG and IgA antibody responses when measured at six months post-boost. RBD- and spike-specific IgG4 antibody levels were markedly elevated in three-dose but not two-dose immune sera. Although strong neutralization responses were detected in two- and three-dose vaccine sera, these rapidly decayed to pre-immune levels by four and six months, respectively. While boosters enhanced serum IgG Ab reactivity and nAb responses against variant strains, all variants tested showed resistance to two- and three-dose immune sera. Our data reflect the poor durability of vaccine-induced nAb responses which are a strong predictor of protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The induction of IgG4-switched humoral responses may permit extended viral persistence via the downregulation of Fc-mediated effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Sheehan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Caleb M. Ardizzone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mayank Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amber J. Trauth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Michael E. Hagensee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alistair J. Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Abstract
The different technology platforms used to make poultry vaccines are reviewed. Vaccines based on classical technologies are either live attenuated or inactivated vaccines. Genetic engineering is applied to design by deletion, mutation, insertion, or chimerization, genetically modified target microorganisms that are used either as live or inactivated vaccines. Other vaccine platforms are based on one or a few genes of the target pathogen agent coding for proteins that can induce a protective immune response ("protective genes"). These genes can be expressed in vitro to produce subunit vaccines. Alternatively, vectors carrying these genes in their genome or nucleic acid-based vaccines will induce protection by in vivo expression of these genes in the vaccinated host. Properties of these different types of vaccines, including advantages and limitations, are reviewed, focusing mainly on vaccines targeting viral diseases and on technologies that succeeded in market authorization.
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Zhuang L, Ye Z, Li L, Yang L, Gong W. Next-Generation TB Vaccines: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1304. [PMID: 37631874 PMCID: PMC10457792 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a prevalent global infectious disease and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Currently, the only available vaccine for TB prevention is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, BCG demonstrates limited efficacy, particularly in adults. Efforts to develop effective TB vaccines have been ongoing for nearly a century. In this review, we have examined the current obstacles in TB vaccine research and emphasized the significance of understanding the interaction mechanism between MTB and hosts in order to provide new avenues for research and establish a solid foundation for the development of novel vaccines. We have also assessed various TB vaccine candidates, including inactivated vaccines, attenuated live vaccines, subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, and the emerging mRNA vaccines as well as virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines, which are currently in preclinical stages or clinical trials. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges and opportunities associated with developing different types of TB vaccines and outlined future directions for TB vaccine research, aiming to expedite the development of effective vaccines. This comprehensive review offers a summary of the progress made in the field of novel TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Linsheng Li
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
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Haji A, Alkattan A, Mahmoud N, Elkagam E, Hassanein M, Alfaifi A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alabdulkareem K, Jokhdar H, Radwan N. Does ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 heterologous prime-boost vaccination trigger higher rates of vaccine-related adverse events? IJID REGIONS 2023; 7:159-163. [PMID: 37025346 PMCID: PMC10005969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background There has been significant international interest in heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination. However, it is linked with different intensity and frequency of adverse events. This study aimed to assess the safety of ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines when given as heterologous prime-boost vaccination in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period October 2021 to March 2022. The study included two groups of people based on the type of vaccination regimen. The first group (heterologous) was subjected to different prime-boost vaccination schedules irrespective of the prime and boost vaccine types. The second group included people vaccinated with the same type of COVID-19 vaccine (homologous). Results The overall sample included 334 participants. Those included in the heterologous group were at about 1.5 fold -increased risk for developing local and systemic adverse events compared to the homologous group. Fever, headache, and vomiting were significantly more frequent among the heterologous group compared to the homologous group (p-value<0.05). In both groups, more than half of the recorded adverse events were mild/moderate in severity. Conclusion Heterologous prime-post vaccination is associated with a slightly increased risk for the development of local and systemic adverse events compared to the homologous regimen. However, most of these adverse events are mild/moderate in nature and recede within two days with no serious adverse events documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhan Haji
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Alkattan
- Department of Research and Development, General Directorate of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author: Abdullah Alkattan Tel. 00966540745588
| | - Nagla Mahmoud
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author: Nagla Mahmoud: Tel. 00966550853708
| | - Elfadil Elkagam
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Hassanein
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alfaifi
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khaled Alabdulkareem
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Jokhdar
- Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Radwan
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 prime-boost vaccinations: Homologous BBIBP-CorV versus heterologous BNT162b2 boosters in BBIBP-CorV-primed individuals. Vaccine 2023; 41:1925-1933. [PMID: 36725431 PMCID: PMC9868355 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Booster vaccine doses against SARS-CoV-2 have been advocated to address evidence of waning immunity, breakthrough infection, and the emergence of immune-evasive variants. A heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy may offer advantages over a homologous approach, but the safety and efficacy of this approach with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (BNT: Pfizer) and inactivated BBIBP-CorV (BBIBT: Sinopharm) vaccines have not been studied. METHODS We conducted a non-randomized, non-blinded phase II observational community trial acrossBahrain, investigating the reactogenic and immunogenic responseof participants who had previously received two doses of BBIBP, followed by a third booster dose of either BBIBP (homologous booster) or BNT (heterologous booster). Immunogenicity through serological statuswas determined at baseline and on the following 8thweek. Reactogenicity data (safety and adverse events) were collected throughout study period, in addition to participant-led electronic journaling. RESULTS 305 participants (152 BBIBP and 153 BNT booster) were enrolled in the study,with 246 (127 BBIBP and 119 BNT booster) included in the final analysis. There was a significant increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels post booster administration in both groups; however, the heterologous BNT arm demonstrated a significantly larger mean increase in the level of spike (S) antigen-specific antibodies (32.7-fold increase versus 2.6, p < 0.0001) and sVNT neutralising antibodies (3.4-fold increase versus 1.8, p < 0.0001), whereas the homologous arm demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of nucleocapsid (N) antigen-specific antibodies (3.8-fold increase versus none). Non-serious adverse events (injection site pain, fever, and fatigue) were more commonly reported in the heterologous arm, but no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with the mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccine in those who had received two doses of inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccine demonstrated a more robust immune response against SARS-CoV-2 than the homologous BBIBP booster and appears safe and well tolerated. Clinical Trial Registry Number (ClinicalTrials.gov): NCT04993560.
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Rais M, Abdelaal H, Reese VA, Ferede D, Larsen SE, Pecor T, Erasmus JH, Archer J, Khandhar AP, Cooper SK, Podell BK, Reed SG, Coler RN, Baldwin SL. Immunogenicity and protection against Mycobacterium avium with a heterologous RNA prime and protein boost vaccine regimen. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102302. [PMID: 36586154 PMCID: PMC10361416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic efficacy of two different delivery platforms for vaccination against Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) were tested in this study; a subunit and an RNA-based vaccine. The vaccine antigen, ID91, includes four mycobacterial antigens: Rv3619, Rv2389, Rv3478, and Rv1886. We have shown that ID91+GLA-SE is effective against a clinical NTM isolate, M. avium 2-151 smt. Here, we extend these results and show that a heterologous prime/boost strategy with a repRNA-ID91 (replicon RNA) followed by protein ID91+GLA-SE boost is superior to the subunit protein vaccine given as a homologous prime/boost regimen. The repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE heterologous regimen elicited a higher polyfunctional CD4+ TH1 immune response when compared to the homologous protein prime/boost regimen. More significantly, among all the vaccine regimens tested only repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE induced IFN-γ and TNF-secreting CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE vaccine strategy elicited high systemic proinflammatory cytokine responses and induced strong ID91 and an Ag85B-specific humoral antibody response a pre- and post-challenge with M. avium 2-151 smt. Finally, while all prophylactic prime/boost vaccine regimens elicited a degree of protection in beige mice, the heterologous repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE vaccine regimen provided greater pulmonary protection than the homologous protein prime/boost regimen. These data indicate that a prophylactic heterologous repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE vaccine regimen augments immunogenicity and confers protection against M. avium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Rais
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Hazem Abdelaal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Valerie A Reese
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Debora Ferede
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Sasha E Larsen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Tiffany Pecor
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarah K Cooper
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Brendan K Podell
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | | | - Rhea N Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Susan L Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA.
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11
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Oronsky B, Larson C, Caroen S, Hedjran F, Sanchez A, Prokopenko E, Reid T. Nucleocapsid as a next-generation COVID-19 vaccine candidate. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:529-530. [PMID: 35788417 PMCID: PMC9250828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have emerged globally, due to viral mutation. The majority of COVID-19 vaccines contain SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is susceptible to mutation. It is known that protection against COVID-19 after two doses of mRNA vaccine continuously wanes over time. If viral variants contain mutated spike protein, current vaccines may not provide robust protection. This perspective suggests the inclusion of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in future COVID-19 vaccines and boosters, as nucleocapsid is much less vulnerable to mutation and may provide stronger immunity to novel viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Oronsky
- EpicentRx, Inc., 11099 North Torrey Pines Road Suite 160, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Christopher Larson
- EpicentRx, Inc., 11099 North Torrey Pines Road Suite 160, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Scott Caroen
- EpicentRx, Inc., 11099 North Torrey Pines Road Suite 160, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Farah Hedjran
- EpicentRx, Inc., 11099 North Torrey Pines Road Suite 160, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ana Sanchez
- EpicentRx, Inc., 11099 North Torrey Pines Road Suite 160, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elena Prokopenko
- EpicentRx, Inc., 11099 North Torrey Pines Road Suite 160, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tony Reid
- EpicentRx, Inc., 11099 North Torrey Pines Road Suite 160, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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12
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Singh S, Saavedra-Avila NA, Tiwari S, Porcelli SA. A century of BCG vaccination: Immune mechanisms, animal models, non-traditional routes and implications for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959656. [PMID: 36091032 PMCID: PMC9459386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used as a vaccine against tuberculosis since 1921 and remains the only currently approved vaccine for this infection. The recent discovery that BCG protects against initial infection, and not just against progression from latent to active disease, has significant implications for ongoing research into the immune mechanisms that are relevant to generate a solid host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In this review, we first explore the different components of immunity that are augmented after BCG vaccination. Next, we summarize current efforts to improve the efficacy of BCG through the development of recombinant strains, heterologous prime-boost approaches and the deployment of non-traditional routes. These efforts have included the development of new recombinant BCG strains, and various strategies for expression of important antigens such as those deleted during the M. bovis attenuation process or antigens that are present only in Mtb. BCG is typically administered via the intradermal route, raising questions about whether this could account for its apparent failure to generate long-lasting immunological memory in the lungs and the inconsistent level of protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the mucosal and intravenous delivery routes as they have been shown to induce a better immune response both in the systemic and mucosal compartments. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits of the ability of BCG to confer trained immunity in a non-specific manner by broadly stimulating a host immunity resulting in a generalized survival benefit in neonates and the elderly, while potentially offering benefits for the control of new and emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Given that BCG will likely continue to be widely used well into the future, it remains of critical importance to better understand the immune responses driven by it and how to leverage these for the design of improved vaccination strategies against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Shivani Singh,
| | | | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Garg I, Sheikh AB, Pal S, Shekhar R. Mix-and-Match COVID-19 Vaccinations (Heterologous Boost): A Review. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:537-546. [PMID: 35893476 PMCID: PMC9326526 DOI: 10.3390/idr14040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Various safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines utilizing different platforms (mRNA, adenovirus vector, inactivated virus-based) are available against SARS-CoV-2 infection. A prime-boost regimen (administration of two doses) is recommended to induce an adequate and sustained immune response. Most of these vaccines follow a homologous regimen (the same type of vaccine as priming and booster doses). However, there is a growing interest in a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimen to potentially help address concerns posed by fluctuating vaccine supplies, serious adverse effects (anaphylaxis and thromboembolic episodes following adenovirus-based vaccines), new emerging virulent strains, inadequate immune response in immunocompromised individuals, and waning immunity. Various studies have demonstrated that heterologous prime-boost vaccination may induce comparable or higher antibody (spike protein) titers and a similar reactogenicity profile to the homologous prime-boost regimen. Based on these considerations, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention has issued guidance supporting the "mix-and-match" heterologous boost COVID-19 vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; (A.B.S.); (S.P.)
| | | | | | - Rahul Shekhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; (A.B.S.); (S.P.)
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14
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Siddiqui A, Adnan A, Abbas M, Taseen S, Ochani S, Essar MY. Revival of the heterologous prime-boost technique in COVID-19: An outlook from the history of outbreaks. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e531. [PMID: 35229055 PMCID: PMC8866911 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterologous prime-boost vaccination technique is not novel as it has a history of deployment in previous outbreaks. AIM Hence, this narrative review aims to provide critical insight for reviving the heterologous prime-boost immunization strategy for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination relative to a brief positive outlook on the mix-dose approach deployed in previous and existing outbreaks (ie, Ebola virus disease (EVD), malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, HIV and influenza virus). METHODOLOGY AND MATERIALS A Boolean search was carried out to find the literature in MEDLINE-PubMed, Clinicaltrials, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up till December 22, 2021, using the specific keywords that include "SARS-CoV2", "COVID-19", "Ebola," "Malaria," "Tuberculosis," "Human Immunodeficiency Virus," "Hepatitis B," "Influenza," "Mix and match," "Heterologous prime-boost," with interposition of "OR" and "AND." Full text of all the related articles in English language with supplementary appendix was retrieved. In addition, the full text of relevant cross-references was also retrieved. RESULTS Therefore, as generally evident by the primary outcomes, that is, safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity reported and updated by preclinical and clinical studies for addressing previous and existing outbreaks so far, including COVID-19, it is understood that heterologous prime-boost immunization has been proven successful for eliciting a more efficacious immune response as of yet in comparison to the traditional homologous prime-boost immunization regimen. DISCUSSION Accordingly, with increasing cases of COVID-19, many countries such as Germany, Pakistan, Canada, Thailand, and the United Kingdom have started administering the heterologous vaccination as the technique aids to rationalize the usage of the available vaccines to aid in the global race to vaccinate majority to curb the spread of COVID-19 efficiently. However, the article emphasizes the need for more large controlled trials considering demographic details of vaccine recipients, which would play an essential role in clearing the mistrust about safety concerns to pace up the acceptance of the technique across the globe. CONCLUSION Consequently, by combatting the back-to-back waves of COVID-19 and other challenging variants of concerns, including Omicron, the discussed approach can also help in addressing the expected evolution of priority outbreaks as coined by WHO, that is, "Disease X" in 2018 with competency, which according to WHO can turn into the "next pandemic" or the "next public health emergency," thus would eventually lead to eradicating the risk of "population crisis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Siddiqui
- Department of MBBSKarachi Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi CityPakistan
| | - Alishba Adnan
- Department of MBBSKarachi Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi CityPakistan
| | - Munib Abbas
- Department of MBBSKarachi Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi CityPakistan
| | - Shafaq Taseen
- Department of MBBSKarachi Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi CityPakistan
| | - Sidhant Ochani
- Department of MBBSKhairpur Medical CollegeKhairpur Mir'sPakistan
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15
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Li J, Hou L, Guo X, Jin P, Wu S, Zhu J, Pan H, Wang X, Song Z, Wan J, Cui L, Li J, Chen Y, Wang X, Jin L, Liu J, Shi F, Xu X, Zhu T, Chen W, Zhu F. Heterologous AD5-nCOV plus CoronaVac versus homologous CoronaVac vaccination: a randomized phase 4 trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:401-409. [PMID: 35087233 PMCID: PMC8863573 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and the waning of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies suggests that additional coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses may be needed for individuals who initially received CoronaVac. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant adenovirus type 5 (AD5)-vectored COVID-19 vaccine Convidecia as a heterologous booster versus those of CoronaVac as homologous booster in adults previously vaccinated with CoronaVac in an ongoing, randomized, observer-blinded, parallel-controlled phase 4 trial ( NCT04892459 ). Adults who had received two doses of CoronaVac in the past 3-6 months were vaccinated with Convidecia (n = 96) or CoronaVac (n = 102). Adults who had received one dose of CoronaVac in the past 1-3 months were also vaccinated with Convidecia (n = 51) or CoronaVac (n = 50). The co-primary endpoints were the occurrence of adverse reactions within 28 d after vaccination and geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies against live wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus at 14 d after booster vaccination. Adverse reactions after vaccination were significantly more frequent in Convidecia recipients but were generally mild to moderate in all treatment groups. Heterologous boosting with Convidecia elicited significantly increased GMTs of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 than homologous boosting with CoronaVac in participants who had previously received one or two doses of CoronaVac. These data suggest that heterologous boosting with Convidecia following initial vaccination with CoronaVac is safe and more immunogenic than homologous boosting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Institute of Global Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiling Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Lianshui County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianshui County, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhou Song
- Lianshui County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianshui County, P. R. China
| | | | - Lunbiao Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Junqiang Li
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yin Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Canming Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lairun Jin
- Department of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jingxian Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China.
- Institute of Global Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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16
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Debnath N, Thakur M, Khushboo, Negi NP, Gautam V, Kumar Yadav A, Kumar D. Insight of oral vaccines as an alternative approach to health and disease management: An innovative intuition and challenges. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:327-346. [PMID: 34755343 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most suitable and persuasive healthcare program for the prohibition of various deadly diseases. However, the higher production cost and purification strategies are out of reach for the developing nations. In this scenario, development of edible vaccine turns out to be the most promising alternative for remodeling the pharmaceutical industry with reduced production and purification costs. Generally, oral route of vaccination is mostly preferred due to its safety, compliance, low manufacturing cost and most importantly the ability to induce immunity in both systemic and mucosal sites. Genetically modified microorganisms and plants could efficiently be used as vehicles for edible vaccines. Edible vaccines are supposed to reduce the risk associated with traditional vaccines. Currently, oral vaccines are available in the market for several viral and bacterial diseases like cholera, hepatitis B, malaria, rabies etc. Herein, the review focuses on the breakthrough events in the area of edible vaccines associated with dietary microbes and plants for better control over diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Mony Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Khushboo
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam P Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Ndawula C. From Bench to Field: A Guide to Formulating and Evaluating Anti-Tick Vaccines Delving beyond Efficacy to Effectiveness. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101185. [PMID: 34696291 PMCID: PMC8539545 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are ubiquitous blood-sucking ectoparasites capable of transmitting a wide range of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi to animals and humans. Although the use of chemicals (acaricides) is the predominant method of tick-control, there are increasing incidents of acaricide tick resistance. Furthermore, there are concerns over accumulation of acaricide residues in meat, milk and in the environment. Therefore, alternative methods of tick-control have been proposed, of which anti-tick cattle vaccination is regarded as sustainable and user-friendly. Over the years, tremendous progress has been made in identifying and evaluating novel candidate tick vaccines, yet none of them have reached the global market. Until now, Bm86-based vaccines (Gavac™ in Cuba and TickGARDPLUS™ Australia-ceased in 2010) are still the only globally commercialized anti-tick vaccines. In contrast to Bm86, often, the novel candidate anti-tick vaccines show a lower protection efficacy. Why is this so? In response, herein, the potential bottlenecks to formulating efficacious anti-tick vaccines are examined. Aside from Bm86, the effectiveness of other anti-tick vaccines is rarely assessed. So, how can the researchers assess anti-tick vaccine effectiveness before field application? The approaches that are currently used to determine anti-tick vaccine efficacy are re-examined in this review. In addition, a model is proposed to aid in assessing anti-tick vaccine effectiveness. Finally, based on the principles for the development of general veterinary vaccines, a pipeline is proposed to guide in the development of anti-tick vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ndawula
- National Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 295, Entebbe, Wakiso 256, Uganda;
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Vaccinology Research Programme, P.O. Box 5704, Nakyesasa, Wakiso 256, Uganda
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18
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Palgen JL, Feraoun Y, Dzangué-Tchoupou G, Joly C, Martinon F, Le Grand R, Beignon AS. Optimize Prime/Boost Vaccine Strategies: Trained Immunity as a New Player in the Game. Front Immunol 2021; 12:612747. [PMID: 33763063 PMCID: PMC7982481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.612747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most vaccines require multiple doses to induce long-lasting protective immunity in a high frequency of vaccines, and to ensure strong both individual and herd immunity. Repetitive immunogenic stimulations not only increase the intensity and durability of adaptive immunity, but also influence its quality. Several vaccine parameters are known to influence adaptive immune responses, including notably the number of immunizations, the delay between them, and the delivery sequence of different recombinant vaccine vectors. Furthermore, the initial effector innate immune response is key to activate and modulate B and T cell responses. Optimization of homologous and heterologous prime/boost vaccination strategies requires a thorough understanding of how vaccination history affects memory B and T cell characteristics. This requires deeper knowledge of how innate cells respond to multiple vaccine encounters. Here, we review how innate cells, more particularly those of the myeloid lineage, sense and respond differently to a 1st and a 2nd vaccine dose, both in an extrinsic and intrinsic manner. On one hand, the presence of primary specific antibodies and memory T cells, whose critical properties change with time after priming, provides a distinct environment for innate cells at the time of re-vaccination. On the other hand, innate cells themselves can exert enhanced intrinsic antimicrobial functions, long after initial stimulation, which is referred to as trained immunity. We discuss the potential of trained innate cells to be game-changers in prime/boost vaccine strategies. Their increased functionality in antigen uptake, antigen presentation, migration, and as cytokine producers, could indeed improve the restimulation of primary memory B and T cells and their differentiation into potent secondary memory cells in response to the boost. A better understanding of trained immunity mechanisms will be highly valuable for harnessing the full potential of trained innate cells, to optimize immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Palgen
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,School of Medical Sciences, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanis Feraoun
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gaëlle Dzangué-Tchoupou
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Candie Joly
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Martinon
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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19
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Galen JE, Wahid R, Buskirk AD. Strategies for Enhancement of Live-Attenuated Salmonella-Based Carrier Vaccine Immunogenicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:162. [PMID: 33671124 PMCID: PMC7923097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of live-attenuated bacterial vaccines as carriers for the mucosal delivery of foreign antigens to stimulate the mucosal immune system was first proposed over three decades ago. This novel strategy aimed to induce immunity against at least two distinct pathogens using a single bivalent carrier vaccine. It was first tested using a live-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain in clinical trials in 1984, with excellent humoral immune responses against the carrier strain but only modest responses elicited against the foreign antigen. Since then, clinical trials with additional Salmonella-based carrier vaccines have been conducted. As with the original trial, only modest foreign antigen-specific immunity was achieved in most cases, despite the incorporation of incremental improvements in antigen expression technologies and carrier design over the years. In this review, we will attempt to deconstruct carrier vaccine immunogenicity in humans by examining the basis of bacterial immunity in the human gastrointestinal tract and how the gut detects and responds to pathogens versus benign commensal organisms. Carrier vaccine design will then be explored to determine the feasibility of retaining as many characteristics of a pathogen as possible to elicit robust carrier and foreign antigen-specific immunity, while avoiding over-stimulation of unacceptably reactogenic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Galen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Rezwanul Wahid
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Amanda D. Buskirk
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Process and Facilities, Division of Microbiology Assessment II, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA;
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20
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Lee Y, Maes RK, Kruger JM, Kiupel M, Giessler KS, Soboll Hussey G. Safety and Efficacy of Felid Herpesvirus-1 Deletion Mutants in Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020163. [PMID: 33499363 PMCID: PMC7911815 DOI: 10.3390/v13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Felid herpesvirus-1 (FeHV-1) is an important respiratory and ocular pathogen of cats and current vaccines are limited in duration and efficacy because they do not prevent infection, viral nasal shedding and latency. To address these shortcomings, we have constructed FeHV-1 gE-TK- and FeHV-1 PK- deletion mutants (gE-TK- and PK-) using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mutagenesis and shown safety and immunogenicity in vitro. Here, we compare the safety and efficacy of a prime boost FeHV-1 gE-TK- and FeHV-1 PK- vaccination regimen with commercial vaccination in cats. Cats in the vaccination groups were vaccinated at 3-week intervals and all cats were challenge infected 3 weeks after the last vaccination. Evaluations included clinical signs, nasal shedding, virus neutralizing antibodies (VN), cytokine mRNA gene expression, post-mortem histology and detection of latency establishment. Vaccination with gE-TK- and PK- mutants was safe and resulted in significantly reduced clinical disease scores, pathological changes, viral nasal shedding, and viral DNA in the trigeminal ganglia (the site of latency) following infection. Both mutants induced VN antibodies and interferons after immunization. In addition, after challenge infection, we observed a reduction of IL-1β expression, and modulation of TNFα, TGFβ and IL10 expression. In conclusion, this study shows the merits of using FeHV-1 deletion mutants for prevention of FeHV-1 infection in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.L.); (R.K.M.); (M.K.); (K.S.G.)
| | - Roger K. Maes
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.L.); (R.K.M.); (M.K.); (K.S.G.)
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - John M. Kruger
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.L.); (R.K.M.); (M.K.); (K.S.G.)
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Kim S. Giessler
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.L.); (R.K.M.); (M.K.); (K.S.G.)
| | - Gisela Soboll Hussey
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.L.); (R.K.M.); (M.K.); (K.S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-517-432-3273
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21
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Shukla S, Hu H, Cai H, Chan SK, Boone CE, Beiss V, Chariou PL, Steinmetz NF. Plant Viruses and Bacteriophage-Based Reagents for Diagnosis and Therapy. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:559-587. [PMID: 32991265 PMCID: PMC8018517 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010720-052252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanotechnology exploits the prefabricated nanostructures of viruses, which are already abundant in nature. With well-defined molecular architectures, viral nanocarriers offer unprecedented opportunities for precise structural and functional manipulation using genetic engineering and/or bio-orthogonal chemistries. In this manner, they can be loaded with diverse molecular payloads for targeted delivery. Mammalian viruses are already established in the clinic for gene therapy and immunotherapy, and inactivated viruses or virus-like particles have long been used as vaccines. More recently, plant viruses and bacteriophages have been developed as nanocarriers for diagnostic imaging, vaccine and drug delivery, and combined diagnosis/therapy (theranostics). The first wave of these novel virus-based tools has completed clinical development and is poised to make an impact on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - He Hu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Soo-Khim Chan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christine E Boone
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Paul L Chariou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center and Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
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22
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Wu HC, Chang WC, Wu MC, Wang HY, Chu CY. Assessment of immunization regimens of duck Riemerella anatipestifer vaccines. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1185-1192. [PMID: 32441051 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Riemerella anatipestifer infections of goslings and ducklings can result in high mortality. Since there are at least 21 serotypes of R. anatipestifer, cross-protection is an important goal for vaccine development. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the immunostimulatory effect of different immunization regimens - the traditional inactivated vaccine vs prime-boost regimens using DNA and protein subunit vaccines (DNA+subunit, subunit+subunit, subunit+inactivated and DNA+DNA). Results showed that, when compared to the inactivated vaccine, prime-boost regimens induced higher and up to 16-week longer lasting levels of antibody responses, significantly elevated the percentage of the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell and higher expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-12 mRNAs. Furthermore, as an indication of cross-protection, sera from prime-boost regimens were able to recognize lysates of R. anatipestifer serotypes 1, 2 and 6. CONCLUSIONS Prime-boost regimens especially DNA-prime and protein-boost, induce strong long-term immune response and may prove protective for breeder ducks requiring long-term protection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY It is worth mentioning that the subunit+inactivated regimen group also elicited strong immune response. The cost of this regimen may only be half of the other prime-boost regimens, making this subunit + inactivated combination an attractive option.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Wu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - W-C Chang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - M-C Wu
- International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Wang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Chu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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23
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Williams SC, van Oosterwijk JG, Linske MA, Zatechka S, Richer LM, Przybyszewski C, Wikel SK, Stafford KC. Administration of an Orally Delivered Substrate Targeting a Mammalian Zoonotic Pathogen Reservoir Population: Novel Application and Biomarker Analysis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:603-612. [PMID: 32213011 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reservoir-targeted vaccines (RTVs) have the potential to be effective at breaking the transmission cycle of many tick-borne pathogens including, but not limited to, Borrelia burgdorferi, B. miyamotoi, B. mayonii, Babesia microti, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. To determine what proportion of a wild reservoir species we could effectively target, we distributed an experimental non-RTV Rhodamine B (RhB)-coated pellet formulation devoid of nutrient supplementation using bait boxes with ad libitum access, in battery-operated time-release bait stations, and by hand broadcast. Regardless of distribution method, a total of 208 of 242 (86%) white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) captures were positive for RhB by either pelage staining or by detecting fluorescent expression in vibrissae under a microscope. In bait box locations, 91% of captured mice were RhB-positive, 89% in hand broadcast locations, and 80% in time-release station locations. Based on results, we are confident that the bait formulation was readily accepted regardless of distribution technique, reached a substantial proportion of the reservoir population, and provides an effective vehicle to deliver a range of RTVs to targeted, wild, pathogen reservoir populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Williams
- Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Megan A Linske
- Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephen K Wikel
- U.S. Biologic, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kirby C Stafford
- Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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24
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Innate and secondary humoral responses are improved by increasing the time between MVA vaccine immunizations. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:24. [PMID: 32218996 PMCID: PMC7081268 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehending the mechanisms behind the impact of vaccine regimens on immunity is critical for improving vaccines. Indeed, the time-interval between immunizations may influence B and T cells, as well as innate responses. We compared two vaccine schedules using cynomolgus macaques immunized with an attenuated vaccinia virus. Two subcutaneous injections 2 weeks apart led to an impaired secondary antibody response and similar innate myeloid responses to both immunizations. In contrast, a delayed boost (2 months) improved the quality of the antibody response and involved more activated/mature innate cells, induced late after the prime and responding to the recall. The magnitude and quality of the secondary antibody response correlated with the abundance of these neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells that were modified phenotypically and enriched prior to revaccination at 2 months, but not 2 weeks. These late phenotypic modifications were associated with an enhanced ex vivo cytokine production (including IL-12/23 and IL-1β) by PBMCs short after the second immunization, linking phenotype and functions. This integrated analysis reveals a deep impact of the timing between immunizations, and highlights the importance of early but also late innate responses involving phenotypical changes, in shaping humoral immunity.
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25
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Chimeric Myostatin — Tetanic Toxin Epitopes and Heterologous Prime-boost Immunization Improve Immune Response Stimulating Muscle Growth in Mice. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Jaramillo Ortiz JM, Paoletta MS, Gravisaco MJ, López Arias LS, Montenegro VN, de la Fournière SAM, Valenzano MN, Guillemi EC, Valentini B, Echaide I, Farber MD, Wilkowsky SE. Immunisation of cattle against Babesia bovis combining a multi-epitope modified vaccinia Ankara virus and a recombinant protein induce strong Th1 cell responses but fails to trigger neutralising antibodies required for protection. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:101270. [PMID: 31445874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protection against the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite Babesia bovis depends on both strong innate and adaptive immune response, this latter involving the presentation of parasite antigens to CD4+ T-lymphocytes by professional antigen-presenting cells. Secretion of Th1 cytokines by CD4+ T cell is also very important for isotype switching to IgG2, the best opsonising antibody isotype in cattle, to target extracellular parasites and parasite antigens displayed at the erythrocyte surface. In the field of vaccinology, heterologous prime-boost schemes combining protein-adjuvant formulations with a modified vaccinia Ankara vector expressing the same antigen have demonstrated the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses. It has been previously demonstrated that MVA-infected dendritic cells can present antigens in the context of MHC II and activate CD4+ T cell. These results support the use of the MVA viral vector for a pathogen like Babesia bovis, which only resides within erythrocytes. In this study, 13-15-months-old Holstein-Friesian steers were immunised with a subunit vaccine as a prime and a modified vaccinia Ankara vector as a boost, both expressing a chimeric multi-antigen (rMABbo - rMVA). This antigen includes the immunodominant B and T cell epitopes of three B. bovis proteins: merozoite surface antigen - 2c (MSA - 2c), rhoptry associated protein 1 (RAP - 1) and heat shock protein 20 (HSP20). Responses were compared with the Babesia bovis live attenuated vaccine used in Argentina (R1A). Eleven weeks after the first immunisation, all bovines were challenged by the inoculation of a virulent B. bovis strain. All groups were monitored daily for hyperthermia and reduction of packed cell volume. Both the rMABbo - rMVA and R1A vaccinated animals developed high titters of total IgG antibodies and an antigen-specific Th1 cellular response before and after challenge. However, all rMABbo - rMVA steers showed clinical signs of disease upon challenge. Only the R1A live vaccine group developed an immune response associated with in vitro neutralising antibodies at a level that significantly inhibited the parasite invasion. The lack of protection observed with this recombinant formulation indicates the need to perform further basic and clinical studies in the bovine model in order to achieve the desired effectiveness. This is the first report in which a novel vaccine candidate against Babesia bovis was constructed based on a recombinant and rationally designed viral vector and evaluated in the biological model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Jaramillo Ortiz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martina Soledad Paoletta
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Gravisaco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ludmila Sol López Arias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Noely Montenegro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Ana María de la Fournière
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí Nicole Valenzano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Carolina Guillemi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Valentini
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasitología Veterinaria, EEA Rafaela, INTA, RN 34, Km 227, CC 22, 2300, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Echaide
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasitología Veterinaria, EEA Rafaela, INTA, RN 34, Km 227, CC 22, 2300, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marisa Diana Farber
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Elizabeth Wilkowsky
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Wu HC, Lee JW, Lin JJ, Wang HY, Chu CY. A DNA priming and protein boosting immunization scheme to augment immune responses against parvovirus in ducks. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:49-57. [PMID: 30288879 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of a DNA priming and protein boosting immunization scheme in ducks. METHODS AND RESULTS Pekin ducks were immunized with pTCY/VP2 DNA vaccine; on day 14 (D14) after primary immunization, the ducks were boosted with either the same vaccine (DNA + DNA) or the rVP2 vaccine (DNA + rVP2). CpG oligodeoxynucleotides containing three copies of GACGTT motifs were used as the adjuvant in the vaccines. Compared with unimmunized controls, both immunization schemes significantly increased the titre of antigen-specific antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation index, percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mRNA expression of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 in antigen-stimulated PBMCs. Furthermore, compared with the DNA + DNA homologous scheme, the DNA + rVP2 heterologous scheme significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation, percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in PBMCs and upregulation of mRNA expression of cytokines 2 weeks after the boost (D28). CONCLUSIONS The DNA + rVP2 immunization scheme enhanced immune responses, mainly Th1 type, against parvovirus in ducks. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The DNA priming and protein boosting heterologous immunization strategy can be applied to develop vaccines against viral infections in ducks. It can potentially be used in breeding ducks because of long-term immunity may confer protection for ducklings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Wu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - J-W Lee
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - J-J Lin
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Wang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Chu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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29
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Modeling the effect of boost timing in murine irradiated sporozoite prime-boost vaccines. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190940. [PMID: 29329308 PMCID: PMC5766151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with radiation-attenuated sporozoites has been shown to induce CD8+ T cell-mediated protection against pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria. Empirical evidence suggests that successive inoculations often improve the efficacy of this type of vaccines. An initial dose (prime) triggers a specific cellular response, and subsequent inoculations (boost) amplify this response to create a robust CD8+ T cell memory. In this work we propose a model to analyze the effect of T cell dynamics on the performance of prime-boost vaccines. This model suggests that boost doses and timings should be selected according to the T cell response elicited by priming. Specifically, boosting during late stages of clonal contraction would maximize T cell memory production for vaccines using lower doses of irradiated sporozoites. In contrast, single-dose inoculations would be indicated for higher vaccine doses. Experimental data have been obtained that support theoretical predictions of the model.
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30
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Hummel J, Bienzle D, Morrison A, Cieplak M, Stephenson K, DeLay J, Woods JP, Lichty BD, Bridle BW. Maraba virus-vectored cancer vaccines represent a safe and novel therapeutic option for cats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15738. [PMID: 29146945 PMCID: PMC5691073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct killing of malignant cells combined with induction of tumour-specific immune responses makes oncolytic vaccines attractive for cancer therapy. We previously developed a heterologous cancer immunization strategy that utilized a replication-defective adenovirus-vectored primary vaccine encoding a tumour antigen followed by boosting with a replication-competent Maraba virus expressing the same antigen. To assess the safety of oncolytic Maraba virus-based booster vaccines and inform the design of clinical trials, we conducted translational studies in cats, which have immune systems that are similar to people and spontaneously develop cancers of comparable types and etiologies. A dose of Maraba virus up to 2.5 × 1011 pfu per cat was well-tolerated, with adverse effects limited to mild, transient pyrexia, weight loss, neutropenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Maraba viral genomes were present in some urine, stool and most plasma samples up to one week post-infection, but no infectious viruses were recovered. Post-mortem analysis showed one heart, one lung and all spleen samples contained Maraba virus genomes. No replication-competent viruses were recovered from any tissues. Post-mortem histopathological analyses revealed hyperplasia of lymphoid tissues, but no abnormal lesions were attributed to vaccination. This study demonstrated that Maraba virus-vectored cancer vaccines were well-tolerated and supports their use in treating cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Hummel
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
- CANSWERS, Clinical Trial Division, Georgetown, Ontario, L7G 5L8, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Annette Morrison
- Central Animal Facility, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michelle Cieplak
- Central Animal Facility, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kyle Stephenson
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Josepha DeLay
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brian D Lichty
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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31
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Comparative functional potency of DNA vaccines encoding Plasmodium falciparum transmission blocking target antigens Pfs48/45 and Pfs25 administered alone or in combination by in vivo electroporation in rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2017; 35:7049-7056. [PMID: 29132995 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies recognizing conformational epitopes in Pfs48/45, an antigen expressed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum gametes and zygotes, have firmly established Pfs48/45 as a promising transmission blocking vaccine (TBV) candidate. However, it has been difficult to reproducibly express Pfs48/45 in a variety of recombinant expression systems. The goal of our studies was to evaluate functional immunogenicity of Pfs48/45 using DNA vaccine format in rhesus macaques. An additional goal was to ensure that when used in combination with another malarial antigen, specific immunity to both antigens was not compromised. For testing combination vaccines, we employed Pfs25 DNA plasmids that have previously undergone evaluations in rodents and nonhuman primates. Pfs25 is expressed on the surface of parasites after fertilization and is also a lead TBV candidate. DNA plasmids based on codon-optimized sequences of Pfs48/45 and Pfs25 were administered by in vivo electroporation, followed by a final recombinant protein boost. Our studies demonstrate that Pfs48/45 encoded by DNA plasmids is capable of inducing potent transmission blocking antibody responses, and such transmission blocking immune potency of Pfs48/45 was not compromised when tested in combination with Pfs25, These findings provide the evidence in favor of further studies on Pfs48/45 and Pfs25, either alone or in combination with other known malaria vaccine candidates for developing effective vaccines capable of interrupting malaria transmission.
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32
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Golshani M, Rafati S, Nejati-Moheimani M, Pourabdi S, Arsang A, Bouzari S. Protein/Protein, DNA/DNA and DNA/Protein based vaccination strategies using truncated Omp2b against Brucella infection in BALB/c Mice. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 307:249-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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33
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Datta D, Bansal GP, Gerloff DL, Ellefsen B, Hannaman D, Kumar N. Immunogenicity and malaria transmission reducing potency of Pfs48/45 and Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines administered by intramuscular electroporation. Vaccine 2017; 35:264-272. [PMID: 27912985 PMCID: PMC5192010 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pfs48/45 and Pfs25 are leading candidates for the development of Plasmodium falciparum transmission blocking vaccines (TBV). Expression of Pfs48/45 in the erythrocytic sexual stages and presentation to the immune system during infection in the human host also makes it ideal for natural boosting. However, it has been challenging to produce a fully folded, functionally active Pfs48/45, using various protein expression platforms. In this study, we demonstrate that full-length Pfs48/45 encoded by DNA plasmids is able to induce significant transmission reducing immune responses. DNA plasmids encoding Pfs48/45 based on native (WT), codon optimized (SYN), or codon optimized and mutated (MUT1 and MUT2), to prevent any asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation were compared with or without intramuscular electroporation (EP). EP significantly enhanced antibody titers and transmission blocking activity elicited by immunization with SYN Pfs48/45 DNA vaccine. Mosquito membrane feeding assays also revealed improved functional immunogenicity of SYN Pfs48/45 (N-glycosylation sites intact) as compared to MUT1 or MUT2 Pfs48/45 DNA plasmids (all N-glycosylation sites mutated). Boosting with recombinant Pfs48/45 protein after immunization with each of the different DNA vaccines resulted in significant boosting of antibody response and improved transmission reducing capabilities of all four DNA vaccines. Finally, immunization with a combination of DNA plasmids (SYN Pfs48/45 and SYN Pfs25) also provides support for the possibility of combining antigens targeting different life cycle stages in the parasite during transmission through mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyadyuti Datta
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine and Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Geetha P Bansal
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine and Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Barry Ellefsen
- ICHOR Medical Systems Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Drew Hannaman
- ICHOR Medical Systems Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nirbhay Kumar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine and Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
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Richetta M, Gómez E, Lucero MS, Chimeno Zoth S, Gravisaco MJ, Calamante G, Berinstein A. Comparison of homologous and heterologous prime-boost immunizations combining MVA-vectored and plant-derived VP2 as a strategy against IBDV. Vaccine 2017; 35:142-148. [PMID: 27876199 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Different immunogens such as subunit, DNA or live viral-vectored vaccines against Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) have been evaluated in the last years. However, the heterologous prime-boost approach using recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus (rMVA), which has shown promising results in both mammals and chickens, has not been tried against this pathogen yet. IBD is a highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease of poultry that affects mainly young chicks. It is caused by IBDV, a double-stranded RNA virus carrying its main antigenic epitopes on the capsid protein VP2. Our objective was to evaluate the immune response elicited by two heterologous prime-boost schemes combining an rMVA carrying the VP2 mature gene (rVP2) and a recombinant VP2 protein produced in Nicotiana benthamiana (pVP2), and to compare them with the performance of the homologous pVP2-pVP2 scheme usually used in our laboratory. The SPF chickens immunized with the three evaluated schemes elicited significantly higher anti-VP2 antibody titers (p<0.001) and seroneutralizing titers (p<0.05) and had less T-cell infiltration (p<0.001), histological damage (p<0.001) and IBDV particles (p<0.001) in their bursae of Fabricius when compared with control groups. No significant differences were found between both heterologous schemes and the homologous one. However, the rVP2-pVP2 scheme showed significantly higher anti-VP2 antibody titers than pVP2-rVP2 and a similar tendency was found in the seroneutralization assay. Conversely, pVP2-rVP2 had the best performance when evaluated through bursal parameters despite having a less potent humoral immune response. These findings suggest that the order in which rVP2 and pVP2 are combined can influence the immune response obtained. Besides, the lack of a strong humoral immune response did not lessen the ability to protect from IBDV challenge. Therefore, further research is needed to evaluate the mechanisms by which these immunogens are working in order to define the combination that performs better against IBDV.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Bursa of Fabricius/pathology
- Chickens
- Drug Carriers/administration & dosage
- Infectious bursal disease virus/genetics
- Infectious bursal disease virus/immunology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Nicotiana
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/metabolism
- Vaccinia virus/genetics
- Viral Structural Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Structural Proteins/genetics
- Viral Structural Proteins/immunology
- Viral Structural Proteins/isolation & purification
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Richetta
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, Castelar, CC 25 B1712WAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAV Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Evangelina Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, Castelar, CC 25 B1712WAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAV Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Soledad Lucero
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, Castelar, CC 25 B1712WAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Silvina Chimeno Zoth
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, Castelar, CC 25 B1712WAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAV Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María José Gravisaco
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, Castelar, CC 25 B1712WAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela Calamante
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, Castelar, CC 25 B1712WAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Analía Berinstein
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, Castelar, CC 25 B1712WAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAV Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Comparison of potential protection conferred by three immunization strategies (protein/protein, DNA/DNA, and DNA/protein) against Brucella infection using Omp2b in BALB/c Mice. Vet Microbiol 2016; 197:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gupta J, Misra S, Misra-Bhattacharya S. Immunization with Brugia malayi Myosin as Heterologous DNA Prime Protein Boost Induces Protective Immunity against B. malayi Infection in Mastomys coucha. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164991. [PMID: 27828973 PMCID: PMC5102438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current control strategies employing chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin and albendazole have reduced transmission in some filaria-endemic areas, there is growing interest for complementary approaches, such as vaccines especially in light of threat of parasite developing resistance to mainstay drugs. We earlier demonstrated recombinant heavy chain myosin of B. malayi (Bm-Myo) as a potent vaccine candidate whose efficacy was enhanced by heterologous DNA prime/protein boost (Myo-pcD+Bm-Myo) vaccination in BALB/c mice. BALB/c mouse though does not support the full developmental cycle of B. malayi, however, the degree of protection may be studied in terms of transformation of challenged infective larvae (L3) to next stage (L4) with an ease of delineating the generated immunological response of host. In the current investigation, DNA vaccination with Bm-Myo was therefore undertaken in susceptible rodent host, Mastomys coucha (M. coucha) which sustains the challenged L3 and facilitates their further development to sexually mature adult parasites with patent microfilaraemia. Immunization schedule consisted of Myo-pcD and Myo-pcD+Bm-Myo followed by B. malayi L3 challenge and the degree of protection was evaluated by observing microfilaraemia as well as adult worm establishment. Myo-pcD+Bm-Myo immunized animals not only developed 78.5% reduced blood microfilarial density but also decreased adult worm establishment by 75.3%. In addition, 75.4% of the recovered live females revealed sterilization over those of respective control animals. Myo-pcD+Bm-Myo triggered higher production of specific IgG and its isotypes which induced marked cellular adhesion and cytotoxicity (ADCC) to microfilariae (mf) and L3 in vitro. Both Th1 and Th2 cytokines were significantly up-regulated displaying a mixed immune response conferring considerable protection against B. malayi establishment by engendering a long-lasting effective immune response and therefore emerges as a potential vaccination method against LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gupta
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Misra
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailja Misra-Bhattacharya
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: ;
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Dai G, Rady HF, Huang W, Shellito JE, Mason C, Ramsay AJ. Gene-based neonatal immune priming potentiates a mucosal adenoviral vaccine encoding mycobacterial Ag85B. Vaccine 2016; 34:6267-6275. [PMID: 27823900 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major public health hazard worldwide, with neonates and young infants potentially more susceptible to infection than adults. BCG, the only vaccine currently available, provides some protection against tuberculous meningitis in children but variable efficacy in adults, and is not safe to use in immune compromised individuals. A safe and effective vaccine that could be given early in life, and that could also potentiate subsequent booster immunization, would represent a significant advance. To test this proposition, we have generated gene-based vaccine vectors expressing Ag85B from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and designed experiments to test their immunogenicity and protective efficacy particularly when given in heterologous prime-boost combination, with the initial DNA vaccine component given soon after birth. Intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines elicited Th1-based immune responses against Ag85B in neonatal mice but did not protect them from subsequent aerosol challenge with virulent Mtb H37Rv. Recombinant adenovirus vectors encoding Ag85B, given via the intranasal route at six weeks of age, generated moderate immune responses and were poorly protective. However, neonatal DNA priming following by mucosal boosting with recombinant adenovirus generated strong immune responses, as evidenced by strong Ag85B-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, both in the lung-associated lymph nodes and the spleen, by the quality of these responding cells (assessed by their capacity to secrete multiple antimicrobial factors), and by improved protection, as indicated by reduced bacterial burden in the lungs following pulmonary TB challenge. These results suggest that neonatal immunization with gene-based vaccines may create a favorable immunological environment that potentiates the pulmonary mucosal boosting effects of a subsequent heterologous vector vaccine encoding the same antigen. Our data indicate that immunization early in life with mycobacterial antigens in an appropriate vaccine setting can prime for protective immunity against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hamada F Rady
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Weitao Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Judd E Shellito
- Internal Medicine, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Carol Mason
- Internal Medicine, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alistair J Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Internal Medicine, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Pushko P, Lukashevich IS, Weaver SC, Tretyakova I. DNA-launched live-attenuated vaccines for biodefense applications. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1223-34. [PMID: 27055100 PMCID: PMC5033646 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1175943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel vaccine platform uses DNA immunization to launch live-attenuated virus vaccines in vivo. This technology has been applied for vaccine development against positive-strand RNA viruses with global public health impact including alphaviruses and flaviviruses. The DNA-launched vaccine represents the recombinant plasmid that encodes the full-length genomic RNA of live-attenuated virus downstream from a eukaryotic promoter. When administered in vivo, the genomic RNA of live-attenuated virus is transcribed. The RNA initiates limited replication of a genetically defined, live-attenuated vaccine virus in the tissues of the vaccine recipient, thereby inducing a protective immune response. This platform combines the strengths of reverse genetics, DNA immunization and the advantages of live-attenuated vaccines, resulting in a reduced chance of genetic reversions, increased safety, and improved immunization. With this vaccine technology, the field of DNA vaccines is expanded from those that express subunit antigens to include a novel type of DNA vaccines that launch live-attenuated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc. 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, GNL, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc. 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
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The Effect of Vector Silencing during Picornavirus Vaccination against Experimental Melanoma and Glioma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162064. [PMID: 27560502 PMCID: PMC4999064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus vector-based vaccination against tumor-specific antigens remains a promising therapeutic approach to overcome the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. However, the extent that the desired CD8 T cell response against the targeted tumor antigen is impacted by the CD8 T cell response against the virus vector is unclear. To address this question, we used picornavirus vaccination with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) as our vector against tumor-expressed ovalbumin (OVA257-264) antigen in both the B16-OVA murine melanoma and GL261-quad cassette murine glioma models. Prior to vaccination, we employed vector silencing to inhibit the CD8 T cell response against the immunodominant TMEV antigen, VP2121-130. We then monitored the resulting effect on the CD8 T cell response against the targeted tumor-specific antigen, ovalbumin. We demonstrate that employing vector silencing in the context of B16-OVA melanoma does not reduce tumor burden or improve survival, while TMEV-OVA vaccination without vector silencing controls tumor burden. Meanwhile, employing vector silencing during picornavirus vaccination against the GL261-quad cassette glioma resulted in a lower frequency of tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells. The results of this study are relevant to antigen-specific immunotherapy, in that the virus vector-specific CD8 T cell response is not competing with tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells. Furthermore, vector silencing may have the adverse consequence of reducing the tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cell response, as demonstrated by our findings in the GL261-quad cassette model.
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Quan FS, Lee YT, Kim KH, Kim MC, Kang SM. Progress in developing virus-like particle influenza vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1281-93. [PMID: 27058302 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1175942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) or nanoparticles have been successful in their safety and efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. The technology of expressing enveloped VLP vaccines has combined with molecular engineering of proteins in membrane-anchor and immunogenic forms mimicking the native conformation of surface proteins on the enveloped viruses. This review summarizes recent developments in influenza VLP vaccines against seasonal, pandemic, and avian influenza viruses from the perspective of use in humans. The immunogenicity and efficacies of influenza VLP vaccine in the homologous and cross-protection were reviewed. Discussions include limitations of current influenza vaccination strategies and future directions to confer broadly cross protective new influenza vaccines as well as vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shi Quan
- a Department of Medical Zoology , Kyung Hee University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- b Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- b Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- b Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA , USA.,c Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Gimcheon , Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- b Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA , USA
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Kim YC, Lee SH, Choi WH, Choi HJ, Goo TW, Lee JH, Quan FS. Microneedle delivery of trivalent influenza vaccine to the skin induces long-term cross-protection. J Drug Target 2016; 24:943-951. [PMID: 26957023 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2016.1159213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A painless self-immunization method with effective and broad cross-protection is urgently needed to prevent infections against newly emerging influenza viruses. In this study, we investigated the cross-protection efficacy of trivalent influenza vaccine containing inactivated A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) and B/Lee/40 after skin vaccination using microneedle patches coated with this vaccine. Microneedle vaccination of mice in the skin provided 100% protection against lethal challenges with heterologous pandemic strain influenza A/California/04/09, heterogeneous A/Philippines/2/82 and B/Victoria/287 viruses 8 months after boost immunization. Cross-reactive serum IgG antibody responses against heterologous influenza viruses A/California/04/09, A/Philippines/2/82 and B/Victoria/287 were induced at high levels. Hemagglutination inhibition titers were also maintained at high levels against these heterogeneous viruses. Microneedle vaccination induced substantial levels of cross-reactive IgG antibody responses in the lung and cellular immune responses, as well as cross-reactive antibody-secreting plasma cells in the spleen. Viral loads in the lung were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. All mice survived after viral challenges. These results indicate that skin vaccination with trivalent vaccine using a microneedle array could provide protection against seasonal epidemic or new pandemic strain of influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Chun Kim
- a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Su-Hwa Lee
- b Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Hyung Choi
- c Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- d Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tae-Won Goo
- e Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine , Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Ju-Hie Lee
- f Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- c Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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Rady HF, Dai G, Huang W, Shellito JE, Ramsay AJ. Flagellin Encoded in Gene-Based Vector Vaccines Is a Route-Dependent Immune Adjuvant. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148701. [PMID: 26844553 PMCID: PMC4742079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellin has been tested as a protein-based vaccine adjuvant, with the majority of studies focused on antibody responses. Here, we evaluated the adjuvant activity of flagellin for both cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice in the setting of gene-based immunization, and have made several novel observations. DNA vaccines and adenovirus (Ad) vectors were engineered to encode mycobacterial protein Ag85B, with or without flagellin of Salmonella typhimurium (FliC). DNA-encoded flagellin given IM enhanced splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to co-expressed vaccine antigen, including memory responses. Boosting either IM or intranasally with Ad vectors expressing Ag85B without flagellin led to durable enhancement of Ag85B-specific antibody and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in both spleen and pulmonary tissues, correlating with significantly improved protection against challenge with pathogenic aerosolized M. tuberculosis. However, inclusion of flagellin in both DNA prime and Ad booster vaccines induced localized pulmonary inflammation and transient weight loss, with route-dependent effects on vaccine-induced T cell immunity. The latter included marked reductions in levels of mucosal CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses following IM DNA/IN Ad mucosal prime-boosting, although antibody responses were not diminished. These findings indicate that flagellin has differential and route-dependent adjuvant activity when included as a component of systemic or mucosally-delivered gene-based prime-boost immunization. Clear adjuvant activity for both T and B cell responses was observed when flagellin was included in the DNA priming vaccine, but side effects occurred when given in an Ad boosting vector, particularly via the pulmonary route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada F. Rady
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Louisiana Vaccine Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Guixiang Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Louisiana Vaccine Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Weitao Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Judd E. Shellito
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Louisiana Vaccine Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Alistair J. Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Louisiana Vaccine Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Prime-boost vaccine strategy against viral infections: Mechanisms and benefits. Vaccine 2016; 34:413-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Adenovirus Specific Pre-Immunity Induced by Natural Route of Infection Does Not Impair Transduction by Adenoviral Vaccine Vectors in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145260. [PMID: 26679149 PMCID: PMC4682971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAd5V) vectors are gold standards of T-cell immunogenicity as they efficiently induce also humoral responses to exogenous antigens, in particular when used in prime-boost protocols. Some investigators have shown that pre-existing immunity to adenoviruses interferes with transduction by adenoviral vectors, but the actual extent of this interference is not known since it has been mostly studied in mice using unnatural routes of infection and virus doses. Here we studied the effects of HAd5V-specific immune responses induced by intranasal infection on the transduction efficiency of recombinant adenovirus vectors. Of interest, when HAd5V immunity was induced in mice by the natural respiratory route, the pre-existing immunity against HAd5V did not significantly interfere with the B and T-cell immune responses against the transgene products induced after a prime/boost inoculation protocol with a recombinant HAd5V-vector, as measured by ELISA and in vivo cytotoxic T-cell assays, respectively. We also correlated the levels of HAd5V-specific neutralizing antibodies (Ad5NAbs) induced in mice with the levels of Ad5NAb titers found in humans. The data indicate that approximately 60% of the human serum samples tested displayed Ad5NAb levels that could be overcome with a prime-boost vaccination protocol. These results suggest that recombinant HAd5V vectors are potentially useful for prime-boost vaccination strategies, at least when pre-existing immunity against HAd5V is at low or medium levels.
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Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Brugia malayi Heavy Chain Myosin as Homologous DNA, Protein and Heterologous DNA/Protein Prime Boost Vaccine in Rodent Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142548. [PMID: 26560102 PMCID: PMC4641661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We earlier demonstrated the immunoprophylactic efficacy of recombinant heavy chain myosin (Bm-Myo) of Brugia malayi (B. malayi) in rodent models. In the current study, further attempts have been made to improve this efficacy by employing alternate approaches such as homologous DNA (pcD-Myo) and heterologous DNA/protein prime boost (pcD-Myo+Bm-Myo) in BALB/c mouse model. The gene bm-myo was cloned in a mammalian expression vector pcDNA 3.1(+) and protein expression was confirmed in mammalian Vero cell line. A significant degree of protection (79.2%±2.32) against L3 challenge in pcD-Myo+Bm-Myo immunized group was observed which was much higher than that exerted by Bm-Myo (66.6%±2.23) and pcD-Myo (41.6%±2.45). In the heterologous immunized group, the percentage of peritoneal leukocytes such as macrophages, neutrophils, B cells and T cells marginally increased and their population augmented further significantly following L3 challenge. pcD-Myo+Bm-Myo immunization elicited robust cellular and humoral immune responses as compared to pcD-Myo and Bm-Myo groups as evidenced by an increased accumulation of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells in the mouse spleen and activation of peritoneal macrophages. Though immunized animals produced antigen-specific IgG antibodies and isotypes, sera of mice receiving pcD-Myo+Bm-Myo or Bm-Myo developed much higher antibody levels than other groups and there was profound antibody-dependent cellular adhesion and cytotoxicity (ADCC) to B. malayi infective larvae (L3). pcD-Myo+Bm-Myo as well as Bm-Myo mice generated a mixed T helper cell phenotype as evidenced by the production of both pro-inflammatory (IL-2, IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines. Mice receiving pcD-Myo on contrary displayed a polarized pro-inflammatory immune response. The findings suggest that the priming of animals with DNA followed by protein booster generates heightened and mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses that are capable of providing high degree of protection against filarial larval invasion.
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Munang’andu HM, Mutoloki S, Evensen Ø. An Overview of Challenges Limiting the Design of Protective Mucosal Vaccines for Finfish. Front Immunol 2015; 6:542. [PMID: 26557121 PMCID: PMC4617105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in mucosal vaccination in finfish has gained prominence in the last decade in pursuit of mucosal vaccines that would lengthen the duration of protective immunity in vaccinated fish. However, injectable vaccines have continued to dominate in the vaccination of finfish because they are perceived to be more protective than mucosal vaccines. Therefore, it has become important to identify the factors that limit developing protective mucosal vaccines in finfish as an overture to identifying key areas that require optimization in mucosal vaccine design. Some of the factors that limit the success for designing protective mucosal vaccines for finfish identified in this review include the lack optimized protective antigen doses for mucosal vaccines, absence of immunostimulants able to enhance the performance of non-replicative mucosal vaccines, reduction of systemic antibodies due to prolonged exposure to oral vaccination and the lack of predefined correlates of protective immunity for use in the optimization of newly developed mucosal vaccines. This review also points out the need to develop prime-boost vaccination regimes able to induce long-term protective immunity in vaccinated fish. By overcoming some of the obstacles identified herein, it is anticipated that future mucosal vaccines shall be designed to induce long-term protective immunity in finfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Dalmia N, Klimstra WB, Mason C, Ramsay AJ. DNA-Launched Alphavirus Replicons Encoding a Fusion of Mycobacterial Antigens Acr and Ag85B Are Immunogenic and Protective in a Murine Model of TB Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136635. [PMID: 26317509 PMCID: PMC4552820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for effective prophylactic measures against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, particularly given the highly variable efficacy of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). Most studies indicate that cell-mediated immune responses involving both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are necessary for effective immunity against Mtb. Genetic vaccination induces humoral and cellular immune responses, including CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, against a variety of bacterial, viral, parasitic and tumor antigens, and this strategy may therefore hold promise for the development of more effective TB vaccines. Novel formulations and delivery strategies to improve the immunogenicity of DNA-based vaccines have recently been evaluated, and have shown varying degrees of success. In the present study, we evaluated DNA-launched Venezuelan equine encephalitis replicons (Vrep) encoding a novel fusion of the mycobacterial antigens α-crystallin (Acr) and antigen 85B (Ag85B), termed Vrep-Acr/Ag85B, for their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a murine model of pulmonary TB. Vrep-Acr/Ag85B generated antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that persisted for at least 10 wk post-immunization. Interestingly, parenterally administered Vrep-Acr/Ag85B also induced T cell responses in the lung tissues, the primary site of infection, and inhibited bacterial growth in both the lungs and spleens following aerosol challenge with Mtb. DNA-launched Vrep may, therefore, represent an effective approach to the development of gene-based vaccines against TB, particularly as components of heterologous prime-boost strategies or as BCG boosters.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Acyltransferases/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Mice
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Replicon/immunology
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/genetics
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Vaccination
- alpha-Crystallins/genetics
- alpha-Crystallins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dalmia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - William B. Klimstra
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carol Mason
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Alistair J. Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Improved immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a divalent DNA vaccine encoding Brucella L7/L12-truncated Omp31 fusion protein by a DNA priming and protein boosting regimen. Mol Immunol 2015; 66:384-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aravind S, Kamble NM, Gaikwad SS, Shukla SK, Saravanan R, Dey S, Mohan CM. Protective effects of recombinant glycoprotein D based prime boost approach against duck enteritis virus in mice model. Microb Pathog 2015; 88:78-86. [PMID: 26188265 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Duck virus enteritis, also known as duck plague, is an acute herpes viral infection of ducks caused by duck enteritis virus (DEV). The method of repeated immunization with a live attenuated vaccine has been used for the prevention and control of duck enteritis virus (DEV). However, the incidence of the disease in vaccinated flocks and latency reactivation are the major constraints in the present vaccination programme. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy afforded by intramuscular inoculation of plasmid DNA encoding DEV glycoprotein D (pCDNA-gD) followed by DEV gD expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisia (rgD) was assessed in a murine model. Compared with mice inoculated with DNA (pCDNA-gD) or protein (rgD) only, mice inoculated with the combination of gD DNA and protein had enhanced ELISA antibody titers to DEV and had accelerated clearance of virus following challenge infection. Furthermore, the highest levels of lymphocyte proliferation response, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-γ production were induced following priming with the DNA vaccine and boosting with the rgD protein. For instance, the specially designed recombinant DEV vector vaccine would be the best choice to use in ducks. It offers an excellent solution to the low vaccination coverage rate in ducks. We expect that the application of this novel vaccine in the near future will greatly decrease the virus load in the environment and reduce outbreaks of DEV in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aravind
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Nitin Machindra Kamble
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Satish S Gaikwad
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Shukla
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - R Saravanan
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Sohini Dey
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - C Madhan Mohan
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
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Cho HI, Jung SH, Sohn HJ, Celis E, Kim TG. An optimized peptide vaccine strategy capable of inducing multivalent CD8 + T cell responses with potent antitumor effects. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1043504. [PMID: 26451316 PMCID: PMC4589052 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1043504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines are an attractive alternative to conventional therapies for treating malignant tumors, and successful tumor eradication depends primarily on obtaining high numbers of long-lasting tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines constitute a promising approach for treating cancer, but in most instances low immune responses and suboptimal therapeutic effects are achieved indicating that further optimization is required. We describe here a novel vaccination strategy with peptide-loaded DCs followed by a mixture of synthetic peptides, polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) and anti-CD40 antibodies (TriVax) for improving the immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of DC-based vaccines in a melanoma mouse model. TriVax immunization 7–12 d after priming with antigen-loaded DCs generated large numbers of long-lasting multiple antigen-specific CD8+ T cells capable of recognizing tumor cells. These responses were far superior to those generated by homologous immunizations with either TriVax or DCs. CD8+ T cells but not CD4+ T cells or NK cells mediated the therapeutic efficacy of this heterologous prime-boost strategy. Moreover, combinations of this vaccination regimen with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade or IL2 anti-IL2 antibody complexes led to complete disease eradication and survival enhancement in melanoma-bearing mice. The overall results suggest that similar strategies would be applicable for the design of effective therapeutic vaccination for treating viral diseases and various cancers, which may circumvent current limitations of cell-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Il Cho
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea ; Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea ; Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Jung
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea ; Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea ; Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Sohn
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea ; Seoul, Korea
| | - Esteban Celis
- Cancer Immunology; Inflammation and Tolerance Program; Georgia Regents University Cancer Center ; Augusta, GA USA
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea ; Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea ; Seoul, Korea ; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea ; Seoul, South Korea
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