1
|
Zhou S, Li C, Liu L, Yuan Q, Miao J, Wang H, Ding C, Guan W. Gastric microbiota: an emerging player in gastric cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1130001. [PMID: 37180252 PMCID: PMC10172576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. Many microbial factors influence GC, of which the most widely accepted one is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. H. pylori causes inflammation, immune reactions and activation of multiple signaling pathways, leading to acid deficiency, epithelial atrophy, dysplasia and ultimately GC. It has been proved that complex microbial populations exist in the human stomach. H. pylori can affect the abundance and diversity of other bacteria. The interactions among gastric microbiota are collectively implicated in the onset of GC. Certain intervention strategies may regulate gastric homeostasis and mitigate gastric disorders. Probiotics, dietary fiber, and microbiota transplantation can potentially restore healthy microbiota. In this review, we elucidate the specific role of the gastric microbiota in GC and hope these data can facilitate the development of effective prevention and therapeutic approaches for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinggang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brown A, Lemons M, Perryman K, Kiess A, Wamsley K. Determining the relationship between varying inclusions of Bacillus lichenformis and tribasic copper chloride on 42-day-old Ross 708 male broiler performance. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
3
|
Huidrom S, Beg M. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and human diseases. JOURNAL OF MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jmgims.jmgims_59_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
4
|
Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933909000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
5
|
Wosinska L, Cotter PD, O'Sullivan O, Guinane C. The Potential Impact of Probiotics on the Gut Microbiome of Athletes. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2270. [PMID: 31546638 PMCID: PMC6835687 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that physical fitness influences the gut microbiome and as a result, promotes health. Indeed, exercise-induced alterations in the gut microbiome can influence health parameters crucial to athletic performance, specifically, immune function, lower susceptibility to infection, inflammatory response and tissue repair. Consequently, maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome is essential for an athlete's health, training and performance. This review explores the effect of exercise on the microbiome while also investigating the effect of probiotics on various potential consequences associated with over-training in athletes, as well as their associated health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wosinska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Caitriona Guinane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wei D, Heus P, van de Wetering FT, van Tienhoven G, Verleye L, Scholten RJPM. Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related diarrhoea in people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 8:CD008831. [PMID: 30168576 PMCID: PMC6513393 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008831.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treament-related diarrhoea is one of the most common and troublesome adverse effects related to chemotherapy or radiotherapy in people with cancer. Its reported incidence has been as high as 50% to 80%. Severe treatment-related diarrhoea can lead to fluid and electrolyte losses and nutritional deficiencies and could adversely affect quality of life (QoL). It is also associated with increased risk of infection in people with neutropenia due to anticancer therapy and often leads to treatment delays, dose reductions, or treatment discontinuation. Probiotics may be effective in preventing or treating chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-induced diarrhoea. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and side effects of probiotics used alone or combined with other agents for prevention or treatment of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related diarrhoea in people with cancer. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2017, Issue 7), MEDLINE (1946 to July week 2, 2017), and Embase (1980 to 2017, week 30). We also searched prospective clinical trial registers and the reference lists of included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of probiotics for prevention or treatment of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related diarrhoea in people with cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We used random-effects models for all meta-analyses. If meta-analysis was not possible, we summarised the results narratively. MAIN RESULTS We included 12 studies involving 1554 participants. Eleven studies were prevention studies, of which seven compared probiotics with placebo (887 participants), one compared two doses of probiotics with each other and with placebo (246 participants), and three compared probiotics with another active agent (216 participants).The remaining study assessed the effectiveness of probiotics compared with placebo for treatment of radiotherapy-related diarrhoea (205 participants).For prevention of radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy)-induced diarrhoea, review authors identified five heterogeneous placebo-controlled studies (with 926 participants analysed). Owing to heterogeneity, we could not carry out a meta-analysis, except for two outcomes. For occurrence of any diarrhoea, risk ratios (RRs) ranged from 0.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26 to 0.47) to 1.0 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.06) (three studies; low-certainty evidence). A beneficial effect of probiotics on quality of life could neither be demonstrated nor refuted (two studies; low-certainty evidence). For occurrence of grade 2 or higher diarrhoea, the pooled RR was 0.75 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.03; four studies; 420 participants; low-certainty evidence), and for grade 3 or higher diarrhoea, RRs ranged from 0.11 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.23) to 1.24 (95% CI 0.74 to 2.08) (three studies; low-certainty evidence). For probiotic users, time to rescue medication was 36 hours longer in one study (95% CI 34.7 to 37.3), but another study reported no difference (moderate-certainty evidence). For the need for rescue medication, the pooled RR was 0.50 (95% CI 0.15 to 1.66; three studies; 194 participants; very low-certainty evidence). No study reported major differences between groups with respect to adverse effects. Although not mentioned explicitly, no studies reported deaths, except one in which one participant in the probiotics group died of myocardial infarction after three sessions of radiotherapy.Three placebo-controlled studies, with 128 analysed participants, addressed prevention of chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea. For occurrence of any diarrhoea, the pooled RR was 0.59 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.96; two studies; 106 participants; low-certainty evidence). For all other outcomes, a beneficial effect of probiotics could be neither demonstrated nor refuted (one to two studies; 46 to 106 participants; all low-certainty evidence). Studies did not address quality of life nor time to rescue medication.Three studies compared probiotics with another intervention in 213 participants treated with radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy). One very small study (21 participants) reported less diarrhoea six weeks after treatment when dietary counselling was provided (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.81; very low-certainty evidence). In another study (148 participants), grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea occurred less often in the probiotics group than in the control group (guar gum containing nutritional supplement) (odds ratio (OR) 0.38, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.89; low-certainty evidence), and two studies (63 participants) found less need for rescue medication of probiotics versus another active treatment (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.86; very low-certainty evidence). Studies did not address quality of life nor time to rescue medication.One placebo-controlled study with 205 participants addressed treatment for radiotherapy-induced diarrhoea and could not demonstrate or refute a beneficial effect of probiotics on average diarrhoea grade, time to rescue medication for diarrhoea (13 hours longer in the probiotics group; 95% CI -0.9 to 26.9 hours), or need for rescue medication (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.03; moderate-certainty evidence). This study did not address quality of life.No studies reported serious adverse events or diarrhoea-related deaths. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review presents limited low- or very low-certainty evidence supporting the effects of probiotics for prevention and treatment of diarrhoea related to radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy) or chemotherapy alone, need for rescue medication, or occurrence of adverse events. All studies were underpowered and heterogeneous. Severe side effects were absent from all studies.Robust evidence on this topic must be provided by future methodologically well-designed trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Wei
- Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Public Health SciencesSolnavägen 1EStockholmSweden11365, Solna
| | - Pauline Heus
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityCochrane NetherlandsRoom Str. 6.131PO Box 85500UtrechtNetherlands3508 GA
| | - Fleur T van de Wetering
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityCochrane NetherlandsRoom Str. 6.131PO Box 85500UtrechtNetherlands3508 GA
| | - Geertjan van Tienhoven
- Academic Medical CenterRadiation Oncology and HyperthermiaP.O. Box 22700Meibergdreef 9AmsterdamNetherlands1100 DE
| | - Leen Verleye
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge CentreKruidtuinlaan 55BrusselsBelgium1000
| | - Rob JPM Scholten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityCochrane NetherlandsRoom Str. 6.131PO Box 85500UtrechtNetherlands3508 GA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shojadoost B, Kulkarni RR, Brisbin JT, Quinteiro-Filho W, Alkie TN, Sharif S. Interactions between lactobacilli and chicken macrophages induce antiviral responses against avian influenza virus. Res Vet Sci 2017; 125:441-450. [PMID: 29132684 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are an important cell type of the innate immune system that upon activation, can exert antiviral functions and also can induce virus-specific adaptive immune responses. Macrophage interaction with certain probiotic bacteria such as lactobacilli can enhance antiviral functions of these cells. We have previously shown that administration of lactobacilli to chickens can effectively augment immune response to vaccine antigens. Here, we investigated the effects of representative strains of three Lactobacillus species, L. acidophilus, L. reuteri and L. salivarius used alone or in combination, in enhancing antiviral activity of chicken macrophages against avian influenza virus in an in vitro model using MQ-NCSU cells. Treatment of macrophages with probiotic lactobacilli significantly enhanced the antiviral functions, as determined by the virus titration assay. We also found that lactobacilli stimulation of macrophages induced significantly higher expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)- γ and IFN-α cytokine genes as well as interferon regulatory factor-7 (IRF7), 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) and interferon-inducible transmembrane protein M3 (IFITM3) genes. Furthermore, macrophages that were treated with lactobacilli had significantly enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) and IFN-γ protein as well as surface expression of the costimulatory molecule CD40. However, the antiviral and immunostimulatory effects of probiotic lactobacilli largely depended on the Lactobacillus species studied. Collectively, the results from our study using an in vitro model showed that certain Lactobacillus species can effectively augment antiviral responses in chicken macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer T Brisbin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Ceva Animal Health Inc., Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanderley Quinteiro-Filho
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamiru N Alkie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The immune-genes regulation mediated mechanisms of probiotics to control salmonella infection in chicken. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933917000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
9
|
García G, Dogi C, de Moreno de LeBlanc A, Greco C, Cavaglieri L. Gut-borne Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a promising candidate for the formulation of feed additives, modulates immune system and gut microbiota. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:659-668. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy mice. Animals received S. cerevisiae RC016 for 10 days. Microbial translocation to liver and changes in some bacterial populations in caecum were determined. Immune stimulation was assessed at gut level (measure of immunoglobulin A (IgA)+ cells and luminal cytokine profile) and by evaluating the activity of peritoneal macrophages. Oral administration of S. cerevisiae RC016 did not induce microbial translocation to liver. Mice that received yeast increased the number of IgA+ cells in their intestines, the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and decreased tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in the small intestine with increases of interleukin-10/TNF-αratio. Administration of S. cerevisiae RC016 caused the decline of a logarithmic unit for Enterobacteriaceae counts compared to the control. The immune and gut microbiota modulation observed demonstrates that S. cerevisiae RC016 is a promising candidate for the formulation of feed additives to improve animal productivity. The beneficial in vivo effects observed for the potential probiotic S. cerevisiae RC016 with previously reported mycotoxin-binding properties, demonstrated that this strain could be suitable to be included in a novel product to improve animal productivity, with both probiotic and mycotoxin-binding properties. However, studies in the specific host will be necessary to confirm this potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. García
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Fellow of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C. Dogi
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - A. de Moreno de LeBlanc
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - C. Greco
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L. Cavaglieri
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caradonna L, Amati L, Magrone T, Pellegrino N, Jirillo E, Caccavo D. Invited review: Enteric bacteria, lipopolysaccharides and related cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease: biological and clinical significance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519000060030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)] are both characterized by an exaggerated immune response at the gut associated lymphoreticular tissue level. Such an abnormal and dysregulated immune response may be directed against luminal and/or enteric bacterial antigens, as also supported by murine models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) caused by organisms such as Citrobacter rodentium and Helicobacter hepaticus. Bacterial endotoxins or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been detected in the plasma of IBD patients and an abnormal microflora and/or an increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa have been invoked as cofactors responsible for endotoxemia. At the same time, the evidence that phagocytosis and killing exerted by polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes and the T-cell dependent antibacterial activity are decreased in IBD patients may also explain the origin of LPS in these diseases. In IBD, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been detected in elevated amounts in mucosal tissue and/or in peripheral blood, thus suggesting a monocyte/macrophage stimulation by enteric bacteria and/or their constituents ( e.g. LPS). On these grounds, in experimental models and in human IBD, anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies and interleukin receptor antagonists are under investigation for their capacity to neutralize the noxious effects of immune mediators. Finally, the administration of lactobacilli is beneficial in human IBD and, in murine colitis, this treatment leads to a normalization of intestinal flora, reducing the number of colonic mucosal adherent and translocated bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Caradonna
- Scientific Institute for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - L. Amati
- Scientific Institute for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - T. Magrone
- Scientific Institute for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - N.M. Pellegrino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - E. Jirillo
- Scientific Institute for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy, Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy,
| | - D. Caccavo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu JL, Yu H, Kulkarni RR, Sharif S, Cui SW, Xie MY, Nie SP, Gong J. Modulation of cytokine gene expression by selectedLactobacillusisolates in the ileum, caecal tonsils and spleen ofSalmonella-challenged broilers. Avian Pathol 2015; 44:463-9. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1086725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
Mansouri-Tehrani HA, Rabbani-Khorasgani M, Hosseini SM, Mokarian F, Mahdavi H, Roayaei M. Effect of supplements: Probiotics and probiotic plus honey on blood cell counts and serum IgA in patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:679-83. [PMID: 26622258 PMCID: PMC4638071 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.166224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy is frequently used in treatment approaches of pelvic malignancies. Nevertheless, it has some known systemic effects on blood cells and the immune system that possibly results in their susceptibility to infection. Probiotics are live microbial food ingredients that provide a health advantage to the consumer. Honey has prebiotic properties. The aim of this clinical trial was to investigate probable effects of probiotic or probiotics plus honey on blood cell counts and serum IgA levels in patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven adult patients with pelvic cancer were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive either: (1) Probiotic capsules (including: Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, and Streptococcus thermophiles) (n = 22), (2) probiotic capsules plus honey (n = 21) or (3) placebo capsules (n = 24) all for 6 weeks. Blood and serum samples were collected for one week before radiotherapy and 24-72 h after the end of radiotherapy. Results: White blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), platelet counts, and serum IgA level were not significantly changed in patients taking probiotic (alone or plus honey) during pelvic radiotherapy. The mean decrease in RBC count was 0.52, 0.18, and 0.23 × 106 cells/μL, WBC count was 2.3, 1.21, and 1.34 × 103 cells/μL and platelet count was, 57.6, 53.3, and 66.35 × 103 cells/μL for the probiotic, probiotic plus honey, and placebo groups, respectively. The mean decrease of serum IgA was 22.53, 29.94, and 40.73 mg/dL for the probiotic, probiotic plus honey, and placebo groups, respectively. Conclusion: The observed nonsignificant effect of probiotics may be in favor of local effects of this product in the gut rather than systemic effects, however, as a trend toward a benefit was indicated, further studies are necessary in order to extract effects of probiotics or probiotic plus honey on hematologic and immunologic parameters in patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sayyed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mokarian
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hoda Mahdavi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Roayaei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abedin-Do A, Taherian-Esfahani Z, Ghafouri-Fard S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Motevaseli E. Immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus strains: emphasis on their effects on cancer cells. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:1307-29. [PMID: 26595390 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are a group of normal microbiota whose immunomodulatory effects have been known for a long time. Recently, they have gained more attention for their direct and indirect effects on cancer cells. Several cell line experiments, animal model studies as well as clinical trials have indicated their inhibitory effects on cancer initiation and progression. Different lactobacilli strains could modulate innate and adoptive immune system. Such effects have been documented in modulation of function of T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages as well as cytokine production. In this review, the various immunomodulatory effects of lactobacilli on tumor cells as well as their direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Abedin-Do
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Zahra Taherian-Esfahani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song JA, Kim HJ, Hong SK, Lee DH, Lee SW, Song CS, Kim KT, Choi IS, Lee JB, Park SY. Oral intake of Lactobacillus rhamnosus M21 enhances the survival rate of mice lethally infected with influenza virus. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:16-23. [PMID: 25304268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza viruses cause acute respiratory disease. Because of the high genetic variability of viruses, effective vaccines and antiviral agents are limited. Considering the fact that the site of influenza virus entry is the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, probiotics that can enhance mucosal immunity as well as systemic immunity could be an important source of treatment against influenza infection. METHODS Mice were fed with Lactobacillus rhamnosus M21 or skim milk and were challenged with influenza virus. The resulting survival rate, lung inflammation, and changes in the cytokine and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels were examined. RESULTS Because of infection (influenza virus), all the mice in the control group and 60% of the mice in the L. rhamnosus M21 group died; however, the remaining 40% of the mice fed with L. rhamnosus M21 survived the infection. Pneumonia was severe in the control group but moderate in the group treated with L. rhamnosus M21. Although there were no significant changes in the proinflammatory cytokines in the lung lysates of mice collected from both groups, levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-2, which are representative cytokines of type I helper T cells, were significantly increased in the L. rhamnosus M21-treated group. An increase in sIgA as well as the diminution of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also observed in the L. rhamnosus M21-treated group. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that orally administered L. rhamnosus M21 activates humoral as well as cellular immune responses, conferring increased resistance to the host against influenza virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Song
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea; Inhalation Toxicology Center, KIT Jeongeup Campus, 1051, Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Joo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Hong
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seon Song
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Taek Kim
- M21 Company Limited, 649-27 Samjon-ri, Songsan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Kyungki-do, 445-871, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Choi
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Bok Lee
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yong Park
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ghany KAEL, Elhafez EA, Hamouda RA, Mahrous H, Ahmed FAH, Hamza HA. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Lactobacillus acidophilus Bacteria Isolated from Egyptian Infants. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.282.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
16
|
Arai S, Osawa T, Ohigashi H, Yoshikawa M, Kaminogawa S, Watanabe M, Ogawa T, Okubo K, Watanabe S, Nishino H, Shinohara K, Esashi T, Hirahara T. A Mainstay of Functional Food Science in Japan—History, Present Status, and Future Outlook. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 65:1-13. [PMID: 11272811 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of food science in the near future probably depends on the advance in functional food science, the concept of which was proposed first in Japan nearly 15 years ago. The new science has been internationally distributed and accepted as conceptually being beyond nutrition. In Japan, however, it traced a unique path of progress in the form of a product-driven rather than concept-driven science. Actually, a number of substances and products with potential for disease risk reduction rather than simply for health maintenance have been investigated for their body-modulating functions. Some of them have been applied in practice to the industrialization of functional foods in terms of "foods for specified health uses" legally defined by new legislation. A variety of sophisticated methods have been introduced as well, including the so-called "XYZ" evaluation system, database construction for assessment of the function, and even the DNA microarray technique. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) and the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) also commenced their scientific as well as political activity, with its spread to industries which almost simultaneously began to vigorously investigate functional food products for enlargement of the food market. With all of this as a background, the Japan Liaison of the International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST) hold a function food science symposium on behalf of related scientific bodies including the Japan Section of the International Life Science Institute (ILSI). This paper is an overview compiled from 12 presentations made in the symposium, with the aim of internationally publicizing the activity of functional food science in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Arai
- Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kadlec R, Jakubec M. The effect of prebiotics on adherence of probiotics. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1983-90. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Elisei W, Picchio M, Forti G, Pianese G, Rodino S, D'Amico T, Sacca N, Portincasa P, Capezzuto E, Lattanzio R, Spadaccini A, Fiorella S, Polimeni F, Polimeni N, Stoppino V, Stoppino G, Giorgetti GM, Aiello F, Danese S. Randomised clinical trial: mesalazine and/or probiotics in maintaining remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease--a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:741-51. [PMID: 23957734 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placebo-controlled studies in maintaining remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) of the colon are lacking. AIM To assess the effectiveness of mesalazine and/or probiotics in maintaining remission in SUDD. METHODS A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Two hundred and ten patients were randomly enrolled in a double-blind fashion in four groups: Group M (active mesalazine 1.6 g/day plus Lactobacillus casei subsp. DG placebo), Group L (active Lactobacillus casei subsp. DG 24 billion/day plus mesalazine placebo), Group LM (active Lactobacillus casei subsp. DG 24 billion/day plus active mesalazine), Group P (Lactobacillus casei subsp. DG placebo plus mesalazine placebo). Patients received treatment for 10 days/month for 12 months. Recurrence of SUDD was defined as the reappearance of abdominal pain during follow-up, scored as ≥5 (0: best; 10: worst) for at least 24 consecutive hours. RESULTS Recurrence of SUDD occurred in no (0%) patient in group LM, in 7 (13.7%) patients in group M, in 8 (14.5%) patients in group L and in 23 (46.0%) patients in group P (LM group vs. M group, P = 0.015; LM group vs. L group, P = 0.011; LM group vs. P group, P = 0.000; M group vs. P group, P = 0.000; L group vs. P group, P = 0.000). Acute diverticulitis occurred in six group P cases and in one group L case (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Both cyclic mesalazine and Lactobacillus casei subsp. DG treatments, particularly when given in combination, appear to be better than placebo for maintaining remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01534754).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tursi
- Gastroenterology Service, ASL BAT, Andria (BT), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tulumoglu S, Yuksekdag ZN, Beyatli Y, Simsek O, Cinar B, Yaşar E. Probiotic properties of lactobacilli species isolated from children's feces. Anaerobe 2013; 24:36-42. [PMID: 24055630 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, the 20 lactobacilli isolated from children feces aged 4-15 years old were investigated for their capabilities to survive at pH 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and in the presence of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% bile salts, their effect on the growth of pathogens, in addition to their sensitivity against 13 selected antibiotics. All the lactobacilli strains were able to survive in low pH and bile salt conditions at pH 2.0 and 0.25% bile salt for 2 h. Moreover, all lactobacilli strains exhibited inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. In addition, all lactobacilli strains indicated resistance to teicoplanin, vancomycin, and bacitracin. The amount of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by the strains was 70 and 290 mg/L. The capabilities to autoaggregation and coaggregate with E. coli ATCC 11229 of the strains were also evaluated. High EPS-producing strains indicated significant autoaggregation and coaggregation capability with test bacteria (p < 0.01). The maximum cholesterol removal (76.5%) was observed by strain Lactobacillus pentosus T3, producing a high amount of exopolysaccharide, in 0.3%oxgall concentration (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that the capability to EPS production, acid-bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic resistance, aggregation and cholesterol removal of lactobacilli could be utilized for preliminary screening in order to identify potentially probiotic bacteria suitable for human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sener Tulumoglu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Doctor Behçet Uz Hospital for Child Diseases Education and Research, 35210 Konak, İzmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yazdi MH, Mahdavi M, Setayesh N, Esfandyar M, Shahverdi AR. Selenium nanoparticle-enriched Lactobacillus brevis causes more efficient immune responses in vivo and reduces the liver metastasis in metastatic form of mouse breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:33. [PMID: 23631392 PMCID: PMC3658950 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Selenium enriched Lactobacillus has been reported as an immunostimulatory agent which can be used to increase the life span of cancer bearing animals. Lactic acid bacteria can reduce selenium ions to elemental selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and deposit them in intracellular spaces. In this strategy two known immunostimulators, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and SeNPs, are concomitantly administered for enhancing of immune responses in cancer bearing mice. METHODS Forty five female inbred BALB/c mice were divided into three groups of tests and control, each containing 15 mice. Test mice were orally administered with SeNP-enriched Lactobacillus brevis or Lactobacillus brevis alone for 3 weeks before tumor induction. After that the administration was followed in three cycles of seven days on/three days off. Control group received phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at same condition. During the study the tumor growth was monitored using caliper method. At the end of study the spleen cell culture was carried out for both NK cytotoxicity assay and cytokines measurement. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were also assayed after 72h of tumor antigen recall. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were measured, the livers of mice were removed and prepared for histopathological analysis. RESULTS High level of IFN-γ and IL-17 besides the significant raised in NK cytotoxicity and DTH responses were observed in SeNP-enriched L. brevis administered mice and the extended life span and decrease in the tumor metastasis to liver were also recorded in this group compared to the control mice or L.brevis alone administered mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the better prognosis could be achieved by oral administration of SeNP-enriched L. brevis in highly metastatic breast cancer mice model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ji J, Hu SL, Cui ZW, Li WF. Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens mediate M1 macrophage polarization in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Arch Microbiol 2013; 195:349-56. [PMID: 23455449 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-013-0877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the microenvironment, macrophages can acquire distinct functional phenotypes, referred to as classically activated M1 and M2. M1 macrophages are considered potent effector cells that kill intracellular pathogens, and M2 macrophages promote the resolution of wound healing. In this study, we are interested to know whether probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba) can induce macrophages polarization. Real-time fluorescence PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 genes for M1 macrophages was significantly increased at 1.5 h after probiotic Ba treatment compared to the probiotic Ba-free treatment (P < 0.01), whereas the expression of M2 macrophage marker genes (Arg1, Fizz1, MR, Ym1) was decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the phagocytic activity was dramatically increased in the Ba-treated BMDMs using a FITC-dextran endocytosis assay. Together, these findings indicated that probiotic Ba facilitated polarization of M1 macrophages and enhanced its phagocytic capacity. The results expanded our knowledge about probiotic function-involved macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Might patients with immune-related diseases benefit from probiotics? Nutrition 2013; 29:583-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
23
|
Effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on immune response in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected rats. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132:434-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Lin WH, Wu CR, Lee HZ, Kuo YH, Wen HS, Lin TY, Lee CY, Huang SY, Lin CY. Induced apoptosis of Th2 lymphocytes and inhibition of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation by combined lactic acid bacteria treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 15:703-11. [PMID: 23142092 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) demonstrably regulate the immune system and inhibit allergic disease. This study examined whether oral feeding of either Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) BB5 and/or Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) BB1 suppresses ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in a murine model. OVA-specific immune responses, cell profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and airway AHR were assessed following OVA and methacholine challenge. We investigated whether LAB can enhance CD4(+)FoxP3(+) and CD8(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in splenic cells and apoptosis of CD4(+)IL-4(+) T cells. Results found oral administration of combined LAB better than single L. paracasei or L. rhamnosus strain, improving Penh ratio after challenge with methacholine. High-dose combined LAB starkly decreased synthesis of OVA-specific IgE and IgG2a levels, as well as eosinophils infiltration in BALF. In addition, CD4(+)IL-4(+) T cells decreased while CD4(+)FoxP3(+) and CD8(+)FoxP3(+) Treg cells increased significantly in splenic mononuclear cells of high-dose combined LAB group. Findings indicate allergen-induced AHR and airway allergic inflammation suppressed by enhances CD4(+)FoxP3(+) and CD8(+)FoxP3(+) Treg populations as well as Th1 cell response after treating with combined LAB. This study may provide a basis for developing a novel therapeutic or protective method for airway allergic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Antiviral activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM1005-A on human papillomavirus type 16. BMC Med 2012; 10:72. [PMID: 22788922 PMCID: PMC3409845 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) support a functional and balanced immune system, and contribute to immune modulatory effects in combatting microbial pathogens, including viruses. Most cervical cancers are associated with anogenital region infection with high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV). In this study, we analyzed the antiviral activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM1005-A in the SiHa cervical cancer cell line expressing HPV type 16. METHODS We assessed the cellular toxicity of B. adolescentis SPM1005-A in SiHa cells by the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Cells (3.6 × 105) in culture plates with or without B. adolescentis SPM1005-A in the same type of medium, were incubated with HPV type 16 at a concentration of 5.1 × 107 cfu/ml. For antiviral analysis, we performed quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for E6 and E7 oncogene expressions and observed protein levels by immunoblotting. RESULTS The qRT-PCR results showed that E6 and E7 mRNA levels decreased simultaneously. Western blot analysis revealed that the E6 protein expression slightly decreased after 24 and 48 h, but the level of E7 protein expression appear unaffected compared with that in the control. Decreased HPV16 E6 and E7 mRNA transcript and protein levels were not associated with cell morphology or significant cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that B. adolescentis SPM1005-A had antiviral activity through suppression E6 and E7 oncogene expression. The results suggest that B. adolescentis SPM1005-A could be potential applications of HPV-associated cervical cancer prevention.
Collapse
|
26
|
Seo BJ, Rather IA, Kumar VJR, Choi UH, Moon MR, Lim JH, Park YH. Evaluation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides YML003 as a probiotic against low-pathogenic avian influenza (H9N2) virus in chickens. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:163-71. [PMID: 22548634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aims of the study were to isolate anti-H9N2 bacteria from Korean Kimchi isolates and to evaluate its performance in cell line, egg and in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line, 220 bacterial isolates were screened and the isolate YML003 was selected having pronounced antiviral activity against H9N2 virus. This isolate was identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Anti-H9N2 activity of the strain was also evaluated by hemagglutination assay. Leuconostoc mesenteroides YML003 was assessed for its survival in gastric juice and 5% bile acid and the antibiotic susceptibility. Both live and heat-killed cells were selected for in vivo chicken feeding experiment. Body weight, immune index, serobiochemical parameters and splenic IFN-γ production were assessed during selected intervals. Viral population in the trachea and cloacae were calculated by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). CONCLUSIONS Leuconostoc mesenteroides YML003 exhibited anti-H9N2 activity both in in vitro cell line as well as in vivo SPF chickens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is a primary report on the anti-H9N2 activity by a Leuconostoc strain. Amid the increasing reports of avian influenza virus occurrence resulting in severe losses to the poultry industry, prophylactic administration of such probiotic strains are highly significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Seo
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyongsangbuk-Do, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dicks LMT, Botes M. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract: health benefits, safety and mode of action. Benef Microbes 2011; 1:11-29. [PMID: 21831747 DOI: 10.3920/bm2009.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have received considerable attention as probiotics over the past few years. This concept has grown from traditional dairy products to a profitable market of probiotic health supplements and functional foods. Extensive research is done on novel potential probiotic strains, with specific emphasis on their health benefits and mode of action. Criteria for the selection of probiotic strains have only recently been formulated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Several in vitro techniques have been developed to evaluate the probiotic properties of strains. In many cases, this is followed by in vivo tests. Safety studies are also obligatory, as a few cases of bacteremia caused by LAB have been reported. This review focuses on the health benefits and safety of LAB probiotics, the criteria used to select a probiotic, mode of action and the impact these organisms have on natural microbiota in the gastro-intestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bezirtzoglou E, Stavropoulou E. Immunology and probiotic impact of the newborn and young children intestinal microflora. Anaerobe 2011; 17:369-74. [PMID: 21515397 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human body has developed a holistic defence system, which mission is either to recognize and destroy the aggressive invaders or to evolve mechanisms permitting to minimize or restore the consequences of harmful actions. The host immune system keeps the capital role to preserve the microbial intestinal balance via the barrier effect. Specifically, pathogenic invaders such as, bacteria, parasites, viruses and other xenobiotic invaders are rejected out of the body via barriers formed by the skin, mucosa and intestinal flora. In case physical barriers are breached, the immune system with its many components comes into action in order to fence infection. The intestine itself is considered as an "active organ" due to its abundant bacterial flora and to its large metabolic activity. The variation among different species or even among different strains within a species reflects the complexity of the genetic polymorphism which regulates the immune system functions. Additionally factors such as, gender, particular habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, religion, age, gender, precedent infections and vaccinations must be involved. Hormonal profile and stress seems to be associated to the integrity microbiota and inducing immune system alterations. Which bacterial species are needed for inducing a proper barrier effect is not known, but it is generally accepted that this barrier function can be strongly supported by providing benefic alimentary supplements called functional foods. In this vein it is stressed the fact that early intestinal colonization with organisms such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria and possibly subsequent protection from many different types of diseases. Moreover, this benefic microflora dominated but Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli support the concept of their ability to modify the gut microbiota by reducing the risk of cancer following their capacity to decrease β-glucoronidase and carcinogen levels. Because of their beneficial roles in the human gastrointestinal tract, LAB are referred to as "probiotics", and efforts are underway to employ them in modern nutrition habits with so-called functional foods. Members of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera are normal residents of the microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract, in which they developed soon after birth. But, whether such probiotic strains derived from the human gut should be commercially employed in the so-called functional foods is a matter of debate between scientists and the industrial world. Within a few hours from birth the newborn develops its normal bacterial flora. Indeed human milk frequently contains low amounts of non-pathogenic bacteria like Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Bifidobacterium. In general, bacteria start to appear in feces within a few hours after birth. Colonization by Bifidobacterium occurs generally within 4 days of life. Claims have been made for positive effects of Bifidobacterium on infant growth and health. The effect of certain bacteria having a benefic action on the intestinal ecosystem is largely discussed during the last years by many authors. Bifidobacterium is reported to be a probiotic bacterium, exercising a beneficial effect on the intestinal flora. An antagonism has been reported between B. bifidum and C. perfringens in the intestine of newborns delivered by cesarean section. The aim of the probiotic approach is to repair the deficiencies in the gut flora and restore the protective effect. However, the possible ways in which the gut microbiota is being influenced by probiotics is yet unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Democritus University of Thrace, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Department of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Orestiada GR68200, Greece.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shida K, Kiyoshima-Shibata J, Kaji R, Nagaoka M, Nanno M. Peptidoglycan from lactobacilli inhibits interleukin-12 production by macrophages induced by Lactobacillus casei through Toll-like receptor 2-dependent and independent mechanisms. Immunology 2010; 128:e858-69. [PMID: 19740347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that Lactobacillus strains having a rigid cell wall resistant to intracellular digestion can stimulate macrophages to induce large a quantity of interleukin-12 (IL-12). In this study, we examined the influence of lactobacilli and bacterial cell wall components on IL-12 production by macrophages that was induced by Lactobacillus casei, which has a rigid cell wall. Easily digestible lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus plantarum or their intact cell walls (ICWs) weakly or very weakly induced IL-12 production by macrophages, and inhibitedL. casei-induced IL-12 production. While the ICW of L. casei was resistant to intracellular digestion and did not inhibit L. casei-induced IL-12 production, its polysaccharide-depleted ICW, i.e. intact peptidoglycan, was sensitive to intracellular digestion and inhibited L. casei-induced IL-12 production. Furthermore, the peptidoglycans of L. johnsonii, L. plantarum and Staphylococcus aureus also inhibited L. casei-induced IL-12 production. Peptidoglycans from lactobacilli suppressed L. casei-induced expression of IL-12p40 but not IL-12p35 mRNA. Inhibition of IL-12 production by peptidoglycan was mitigated in Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-deficient macrophages compared with the inhibition in wild-type macrophages. A derivative of the minimal structural unit of peptidoglycan (6-O-stearoyl-muramyl dipeptide) recognized by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) could also suppress L. casei-induced IL-12 production. These findings demonstrate that easily digestible bacteria and peptidoglycan suppress IL-12 production through pattern recognition receptors such as TLR2 and NOD2. IL-12 production in the gut may be negatively regulated by the simultaneous inhibitory actions of various resident bacteria that are susceptible to intracellular digestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Shida
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gautam N, Sharma N. Bacteriocin: safest approach to preserve food products. Indian J Microbiol 2009; 49:204-11. [PMID: 23100770 PMCID: PMC3450023 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-009-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Start of the 21st century with its universal call to feed the hungry is an appropriate time to refocus attention on food security and especially the impact of biopatenting on poor communities who are the primary victims of hunger in our world. Antibacterial metabolites of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp have potential as natural preservatives to control the growth of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in food. Among them, bacteriocin is used as a preservative in food due to its heat stability, wider pH tolerance and its proteolytic activity. Due to thermo stability and pH tolerance it can withstand heat and acidity/alkanity of food during storage condition. Bacteriocin are ribosomally synthesized peptides originally defined as proteinaceous compound affecting growth or viability of closely related organisms. Research is going on extensively to explore the nascent field of biopreservation. Scientists all over the world are showing their keen interest to isolate different types of bacteriocin producing strains and characterize bacteriocin produced by them for food preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gautam
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (HP) 173 230 India
| | - Nivedita Sharma
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (HP) 173 230 India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Brandtzaeg LHP. Development and Function of Intestinal B and T Cells. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/089106000750060378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Helgeland, Per Brandtzaeg
- From the Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, N-0027 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Collins JK, Dunne C, Murphy L, Morrissey D, O'Mahony L, O'Sullivan E, Fitzgerald G, Kiely B, O'Sullivan GC, Daly C, Marteau P, Shanahan F. A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Probiotic Lactobacillus Strain in Healthy Adults: Assessment of its Delivery, Transit and Influence on Microbial Flora and Enteric Immunity. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600260081720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kevin Collins
- Departments of Microbiology, Medicine and Surgery, Cork Cancer Research Centre, National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Marteau
- Service dHepato-Gastroente rologie et Endoscopies Digestives, Hopital Europe en Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Michałkiewicz J, Krotkiewski M, Gackowska L, Wyszomirska-Gołda M, Helmin-Basa A, Dzierżanowska D, Madaliński K. Immunomodulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600310022729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Michałkiewicz
- From the Department of Immunology, Ludwik Rydygier Medical University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M. Krotkiewski
- Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - L. Gackowska
- From the Department of Immunology, Ludwik Rydygier Medical University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M. Wyszomirska-Gołda
- From the Department of Immunology, Ludwik Rydygier Medical University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - A. Helmin-Basa
- From the Department of Immunology, Ludwik Rydygier Medical University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - D. Dzierżanowska
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Madaliński
- Department of Immunopathology, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lessard M, Dupuis M, Gagnon N, Nadeau E, Matte JJ, Goulet J, Fairbrother JM. Administration of Pediococcus acidilactici or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii modulates development of porcine mucosal immunity and reduces intestinal bacterial translocation after Escherichia coli challenge1,2. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:922-34. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-0919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
35
|
Jang YD, Oh HK, Piao LG, Choi HB, Yun JH, Kim YY. Evaluation of Probiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotic on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Occurrence of Diarrhea and Immune Response in Weaning Pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2009.51.1.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
36
|
Sunada Y, Nakamura S, Kamei C. Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-55 on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1761-6. [PMID: 18790088 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-55 (strain L-55) suppresses the development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by repeated application of 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) in sensitized NC/Nga mice. The effect of strain L-55 was assessed by measuring clinical symptoms, ear swelling, scratching behavior and serum levels of total IgE. Strain L-55 was administered orally once a day: Strain L-55 at doses of 1 and 10 mg cells/mouse inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions in dermatitis scores for the back. The increase of dermatitis score and ear swelling was also inhibited by strain L-55. In addition, strain L-55 also caused an inhibition of histological changes induced by repeated application of TNCB. Scratching behavior observed in the back and ear was inhibited by strain L-55. Furthermore elevated serum IgE levels observed by TNCB were also decreased by strain L-55. These results indicate that the inhibition of strain L-55 on AD-like lesions induced by repeated application of TNCB in sensitized NC/Nga mice occurred via a decrease in the serum total IgE level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sunada
- Fundamental Laboratory, Ohayo Dairy Products Co., Ltd., Okayama 701-1221, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
GOAL The aim of this study was to assess and grade the mucosal inflammatory infiltrate in different degrees of diverticular disease (DD) and to compare them with healthy matched controls. BACKGROUND Mucosal inflammation in colonic DD has never been investigated. In particular, it is unknown whether inflammation may be found in every degree of DD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty consecutive patients with a new endoscopic diagnosis of DD (10 with asymptomatic diverticulosis, 10 with symptomatic uncomplicated DD, and 10 with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis) and 10 healthy controls were studied. RESULTS A neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate was found only in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (overall score, 26). The mean lymphocytic cell density was significantly higher in symptomatic DD (median lymphocytic density, 7) and acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (median lymphocytic density, 11). Subdividing the patients according to different degrees of DD, we found higher lymphocytic cell density even in asymptomatic diverticulosis (median lymphocytic density, 6.5) than healthy controls (median lymphocytic density, 4; P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS We found an increased inflammatory infiltrate in DD according to the degree of the disease and higher than healthy controls. Moreover, also asymptomatic diverticulosis shows higher inflammatory cell density than controls.
Collapse
|
38
|
Sunada Y, Nakamura S, Kamei C. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-55 on experimental allergic rhinitis in BALB/c mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:2163-6. [PMID: 17978493 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-55 isolated from infant feces on experimental allergic rhinitis in BALB/c mice. The heat-treated cells of strain L-55 were orally administrated for 4 consecutive weeks to mice sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA), and nasal symptoms (sneezing and nasal rubbing) induced by OVA challenge were evaluated. Strain L-55 at doses of 1 and 10 mg cells/mouse significantly inhibited nasal symptoms by repeated administration over a period of 2 weeks. Furthermore, we measured the level of OVA-specific IgE titers in the serum by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction. PCA titers in the sera from mice administrated strain L-55 were significantly lowered compared with the control. These results suggest that oral administration of strain L-55 may be useful for alleviating the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sunada
- Fundamental Laboratory, Ohayo Dairy Products Co. Ltd., Okayama, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Giorgetti GM, Elisei W, Aiello F. Balsalazide and/or high-potency probiotic mixture (VSL#3) in maintaining remission after attack of acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis of the colon. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22:1103-8. [PMID: 17390144 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-007-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of probiotics in the treatment of diverticulitis is still not known. The aim of our study was to investigate whether balsalazide and/or VSL#3 is effective in preventing diverticulitis recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this pilot study, 30 consecutive patients (19 males, 11 females, mean age 60.1 years, range 47-75 years) affected by uncomplicated diverticulitis of the colon were monitored. After obtaining remission, the patients were randomly assigned to one of the following groups as follows: group A, balsalazide 2.25 g daily for 10 days every month plus VSL#3 450 billions/day for 15 days every month and group B, VSL#3 alone 450 billions/day for 15 days every month. Primary end-point was considered the maintaining of remission throughout a 12-month follow-up. Secondary end-points considered were (1) the assessment of the overall scores at the end of the follow-up and (2) the effects of the two different treatments with regards to every symptom assessed. RESULTS/FINDINGS One group A patient was withdrawn from the study at the 6th month and one group B patient was lost at the 6th month of follow-up. One group A patient (6.66%) showed relapse of symptoms at the 10th month of follow-up. At the end of follow-up, 11 patients were completely symptom-free (73.33%), whilst 2 patients complained of only mild, recurrent symptoms (13%). Two group B patients (13.33%) showed relapse of the disease at the 5th and 8th month of follow-up, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 8 patients were completely symptom-free (60%), 2 patients complained of mild, recurrent symptoms (13.33%), 1 patient (6.66%) complained of mild but continuous symptoms. No side effects were recorded throughout the follow-up in both groups. INTERPRETATION/CONCLUSIONS Combination probiotic/anti-inflammatory drug was found better than probiotic treatment in preventing relapse of uncomplicated diverticulitis of the colon, even if without statistical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tursi
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital, Andria (BA), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Riccia DND, Bizzini F, Perilli MG, Polimeni A, Trinchieri V, Amicosante G, Cifone MG. Anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus brevis (CD2) on periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2007; 13:376-85. [PMID: 17577323 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus brevis extracts on periodontitis patients and to investigate the involved mechanisms in vitro on activated macrophages. METHODS Eight healthy subjects and 21 patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled to analyze the effect of L. brevis-containing lozenges on periodontitis-associated symptoms and signs. Before and after the treatment, the patients received a complete periodontal examination. Saliva samples, collected before and after treatment, were analyzed for metalloproteinase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, immunoglobulin-A (IgA), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) levels. Arginine deiminase (AD) and NOS activities were determined through a radiometric assay. Metalloproteinases were assayed by zymogram and Western blotting, whereas IgA, PGE(2) and IFN-gamma were assayed by enzyme-linked imunosorbent assay tests. RESULTS The treatment led to the total disappearance or amelioration of all analyzed clinical parameters in all patients. This was paralleled to a significant decrease of nitrite/nitrate, PGE(2), matrix metalloproteinase, and IFN-gamma levels in saliva samples. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of L. brevis could be attributed to the presence of AD which prevented nitric oxide generation. Our findings give further insights into the knowledge of the molecular basis of periodontitis and have a potential clinical significance, giving the experimental ground for a new innovative, simple and efficacious therapeutical approach of periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D N Della Riccia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ivec M, Botić T, Koren S, Jakobsen M, Weingartl H, Cencic A. Interactions of macrophages with probiotic bacteria lead to increased antiviral response against vesicular stomatitis virus. Antiviral Res 2007; 75:266-74. [PMID: 17512614 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are an important cellular component of the innate immune system and are normally rapidly recruited and/or activated at the site of virus infection. They can participate in the antiviral response by killing infected cells, by producing antiviral cytokines such as nitric oxide and by producing chemokines and immunoregulatory cytokines that enable the adaptive immune response to recognize infected cells and perform antiviral effector functions. Probiotics, as a part of the normal gut intestinal flora, are important in supporting a functional yet balanced immune system. Improving our understanding of their role in the activation of macrophages and their stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine production in early viral infection was the main goal of this study. Our in vitro model study showed that probiotic bacteria, either from the species Lactobacillus or Bifidobacteria have the ability to decrease viral infection by establishing the antiviral state in macrophages, by production of NO and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and interferon-gamma. These effects correlated with the mitochondrial activity of infected macrophages, therefore, the measurements of mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity could be implied as the first indicator of potential inhibitory effects of the probiotics on virus replication. The interactions between probiotic bacteria, macrophages and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), markedly depended on the bacterial strain studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ivec
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Agriculture, Vrbanska c.30, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cinque B, Di Marzio L, Della Riccia DN, Bizzini F, Giuliani M, Fanini D, De Simone C, Cifone MG. Effect of Bifidobacterium infantis on Interferon- gamma- induced keratinocyte apoptosis: a potential therapeutic approach to skin immune abnormalities. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 19:775-86. [PMID: 17166399 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current management of atopic dermatitis is mainly directed to the reduction of cutaneous inflammation. Since patients with atopic dermatitis show abnormalities in immunoregulation, a therapy aimed to adjust their immune function could represent an alternative approach, particularly in the severe form of the disease. Indeed, T-lymphocytes constitute a large population of cellular infiltrate in atopic/allergic inflammation and a dysregulated T-cell induced keratinocyte apoptosis appears to be an important pathogenetic factor of the eczematous disease. In recent years, attention has been focused on the interaction between host and probiotics which may have anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory activities. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of a selected probiotic extract, the Bifidobacterium infantis extract, on a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) abnormal apoptosis induced by activated-T-lymphocyte. An in vitro model of atopic dermatitis was used to assess the ability of the probiotic extract to protect HaCaT from apoptosis induced by soluble factors (IFN-gamma and CD95 ligand) released by human T-lymphocytes in vitro activated with anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs or Phytohemoagglutinin. Evidence is given that the bacterial extract treatment was able to totally prevent T lymphocyte-induced HaCaT cell apoptosis in vitro. The mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect has been suggested to depend on the ability of the bacterial extract to significantly reduce anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs and mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation, IFN-gamma generation and CD95 ligand release. These preliminary results may represent an experimental basis for a potential therapeutic approach mainly targeting the skin disorders-associated immune abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Cinque
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
A review on the interactions between gut microflora and digestive mucosal immunity. Possible ways to improve the health of rabbits. Livest Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Matsuzaki T, Takagi A, Ikemura H, Matsuguchi T, Yokokura T. Intestinal microflora: probiotics and autoimmunity. J Nutr 2007; 137:798S-802S. [PMID: 17311978 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.3.798s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects in numerous murine disease models via host immune modulation. It has also been reported that LcS induced recovery of host immune responses that were decreased by treatment with carcinogens and augmented the natural killer activity and T-cell functions of host immune cells. After LcS is ingested by the host, it is incorporated into M cells in Peyer's patches (PP) and digested to form active components. In PP, macrophages or dendritic cells that phagocytosed LcS gained the ability to produce several cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The components of LcS digested in PP were then recognized through toll-like receptor 2 in antigen-presenting cells, resulting in the production of several cytokines that elicited varied responses in host immune cells. Also, it was observed by 2D-PAGE analyses that the expression level and/or the phosphorylation of some proteins in PP and mesenteric lymph nodes were definitely altered by the ingestion of LcS, providing more evidence of cellular responses. These results suggest that some probiotic bacteria have the potential to augment or modify the host immune function through the regulation of host immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsuzaki
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 1796 Yaho, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shida K, Kiyoshima-Shibata J, Nagaoka M, Watanabe K, Nanno M. Induction of Interleukin-12 by Lactobacillus Strains Having a Rigid Cell Wall Resistant to Intracellular Digestion. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:3306-17. [PMID: 16899663 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some strains of lactobacilli can stimulate macrophages and dendritic cells to secrete IL-12, which plays a key role in activating innate immunity. We examined the IL-12-inducing ability of 47 Lactobacillus strains belonging to 10 species in mouse peritoneal macrophages, and characterized the properties important for the induction of IL-12. Although considerable differences in IL-12-inducing ability were observed among the strains tested, almost all strains belonging to the Lactobacillus casei group (L. casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus zeae) or to Lactobacillus fermentum induced high levels of IL-12. Phagocytosis of lactobacilli was necessary for IL-12 induction, and the strains with strong IL-12 induction were relatively resistant to lysis in the macrophages. The sensitivity of Lactobacillus strains to in vitro treatment with M-1 enzyme, a member of the N-acetylmuramidases, was negatively correlated with IL-12-inducing ability. Using a probiotic strain, L. casei strain Shirota (LcS), we showed that the cell wall of LcS could be digested by long-term treatment with a high dose of M-1 enzyme and that the IL-12-inducing ability was diminished according to the duration of the enzyme treatment. The soluble polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complex released from the cell wall of LcS did not induce IL-12, whereas the insoluble intact cell wall of LcS induced IL-12. These results suggest that the intact cell wall structure of lactobacilli is an important element in the ability to induce IL-12 and that Lactobacillus strains having a rigid cell wall resistant to intracellular digestion effectively stimulate macrophages to induce IL-12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shida
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 1796 Yaho, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fujii T, Ohtsuka Y, Lee T, Kudo T, Shoji H, Sato H, Nagata S, Shimizu T, Yamashiro Y. Bifidobacterium breve enhances transforming growth factor beta1 signaling by regulating Smad7 expression in preterm infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 43:83-8. [PMID: 16819382 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000228100.04702.f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 displays a broad spectrum of activities in mucosal regulation, including induction of oral tolerance, potent anti-inflammatory effects, mucosal IgA expression and effects on epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. The present study examined the effect of probiotics on the immunologic system of preterm infants in relation to TGF-beta signaling. METHODS Subjects comprised 19 preterm infants divided into 2 groups: receiving Bifidobacterium breve supplementation (B. breve group) and without supplementation (controls). Blood samples were collected from both groups on days 0, 14 and 28 after birth. Serum cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and expression levels of the TGF-beta signaling molecule, Smad, were examined using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Serum TGF-beta1 level was elevated on day 14 and remained elevated on day 28 in the B. breve group. Level of messenger RNA expression was enhanced for Smad3 and reduced for Smad7 (antagonistic Smad) after B. breve administration relative to levels in controls on day 28. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that the administration of B. breve to preterm infants can up-regulate TGF-beta1 signaling and may possibly be beneficial in attenuating inflammatory and allergic reactions in these infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Muftuoglu MAT, Isikgor S, Tosun S, Saglam A. Effects of probiotics on the severity of experimental acute pancreatitis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:464-8. [PMID: 16340953 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on the severity of experimental acute pancreatitis. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Experiments were done in a laboratory at Haydarpasa Numune Teaching and Research Hospital. SUBJECTS A total of 50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. INTERVENTIONS Group 1 was control group. Group 2 received an intraperitoneal injection of a 20% solution in 0.15 mol/l NaCL. Group 3 was injected NaCL and fed with probiotics. Acute pancreatitis was induced in rats by intrperitoneal injection of L-Arginine in groups 4 and 5. The rats in group 5 were treated with probiotics. The pancreas was removed for histologic examination. Evaluation of the pathologic changes was done by a new combined histopathologic grading scale. RESULTS The mean scores of fibrosis, acinar cell loss, oedema, parenchymal necrosis, mononuclear cells infiltration, polymorphonuclear leucocytes infiltration, ductal damage and atypical reactive regeneration in group 5 were significantly lower than group 4. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that enteral feedings with added probiotics can reduce the severity of acute pancreatitis. SPONSORSHIP None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A T Muftuoglu
- The Fourth General Surgical Department of Haydarpasa Numune Teaching and Training Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Luckow T, Sheehan V, Delahunty C, Fitzgerald G. Determining the Odor and Flavor Characteristics of Probiotic, Health-promoting Ingredients and the Effects of Repeated Exposure on Consumer Acceptance. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
49
|
Tursi A. Mesalazine for diverticular disease of the colon--a new role for an old drug. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006; 6:69-74. [PMID: 15709884 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.6.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colonic diverticulosis is among the most common diseases of developed countries. Its prevalence is approximately 5 - 10% of the population by age 50, and 30, 50 and 66% of those > 50, > 70 and > 85years of age, respectively. Antibiotics have been successfully used in the treatment of uncomplicated diverticular disease; however, the use of mesalazine (alone or in combination with antibiotics) in treating uncomplicated diverticulitis has been successfully developed in recent years. Indeed, mesalazine (with or without antibiotics) showed significant superiority in improving the severity of symptoms, bowel habits, and in preventing symptomatic recurrence of diverticulitis over antibiotics alone. More-over, in light of some preliminary results, it is probable that the association of mesalazine with probiotics may in the future be the first-choice treatment for mild-to-moderate uncomplicated attacks of acute diverticulitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tursi
- Lorenzo Bonomo' Hospital, Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Andria (BA), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Giorgetti GM, Elisei W. Mesalazine and/or Lactobacillus casei in preventing recurrence of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon: a prospective, randomized, open-label study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40:312-6. [PMID: 16633103 DOI: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000210092.77296.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GOALS To investigate the effectiveness and safety of mesalazine, with or without Lactobacillus casei, in preventing recurrence of symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon. BACKGROUND Both mesalazine and probiotics showed recently their effectiveness in obtaining remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. Consistent data are not available on the optimal therapy to prevent recurrence of symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon. STUDY Multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label study. Ninety consecutive patients (36 men, 54 women, mean age 67.5 y, range 39 to 84 y), previously affected by symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon (remission obtained with rifaximin 800 mg/d plus mesalazine 2.4 g/d for 10 d, followed by mesalazine 1.6 g/d for 8 wk), were enrolled in a 12-month follow-up. The following symptoms were assessed at entry and through follow-up by using a quantitative scale: (1) constipation, (2) diarrhea, (3) abdominal pain, (4) rectal bleeding, and (5) mucus with the stools. After recruitment, the patients were randomly assigned to one of the following 3 groups: mesalazine 1.6 g/d (group M), L. casei DG 16 billion/d for 15 d/mo (group L); mesalazine 1.6 g/d+L. casei DG 16 billion/d for 15 d/mo (group LM). RESULTS Eighty-five patients completed the study (94.5%): 2 patients (2.22%, 1 of group M and 1 of group LM) were withdrawn from the study for protocol violation and 1 (1.11%) for hospital admission due to acute pulmonary disease (group L); 2 patients (2.22%) were lost to follow-up. Seventy-five patients (88.2%) were symptom free after the 12th month of treatment (overall symptomatic score: (0): 23/27 patients of group M [on intention to treat: 76.7% confidence interval (CI 95%: 61.5 to 91.8)], 23/29 of group L [on intention to treat: 76.7% (CI 95%: 61.5 to 91.8)], 29/29 of group LM [on intention to treat: 96% (CI 95%: 94.2 to 100)] (P < 0.05). Only 10 patients (11.1%) showed recurrence of symptoms (overall symptomatic score: 68). CONCLUSIONS Both mesalazine and L. casei DG seem to be effective in preventing recurrence of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon, but their association seems to be more promising in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tursi
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital, Andria, BA, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|