1
|
Rodríguez-Zhurbenko N, Hernández AM. The role of B-1 cells in cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363176. [PMID: 38629061 PMCID: PMC11019000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, in addition to the well-established role of T cells in controlling or promoting tumor growth, a new wave of research has demonstrated the active involvement of B cells in tumor immunity. B-cell subsets with distinct phenotypes and functions play various roles in tumor progression. Plasma cells and activated B cells have been linked to improved clinical outcomes in several types of cancer, whereas regulatory B cells have been associated with disease progression. However, we are only beginning to understand the role of a particular innate subset of B cells, referred to as B-1 cells, in cancer. Here, we summarize the characteristics of B-1 cells and review their ability to infiltrate tumors. We also describe the potential mechanisms through which B-1 cells suppress anti-tumor immune responses and promote tumor progression. Additionally, we highlight recent studies on the protective anti-tumor function of B-1 cells in both mouse models and humans. Understanding the functions of B-1 cells in tumor immunity could pave the way for designing more effective cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nely Rodríguez-Zhurbenko
- Immunobiology Department, Immunology and Immunotherapy Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Habana, Cuba
| | - Ana M. Hernández
- Applied Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Habana, Habana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumari S, Sahu S, Singh B, Gupta S, Kureel AK, Srivastava A, Rikhari D, Srivastava S, Rai AK. HIF-1α regulates the expression of the non-conventional isoform of the cd5 gene in T cells under the hypoxic condition: A potential mechanism for CD5 neg/low phenotype of infiltrating cells in solid tumors. Cell Immunol 2023; 391-392:104755. [PMID: 37544247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
CD5, a T-cell receptor (TCR) negative regulator, is reduced on the surface of CD8+ lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Reduced surface CD5 expression (sCD5) occurs due to the preferential transcription of HERV-E derived exon E1B, i.e., anon-conventional formofthe cd5gene instead of its conventional exon E1A. A tumor employs several mechanisms to evade anti-tumor response, and hypoxia is one such mechanism that prevails in the TME and modulates the infiltrated T lymphocytes. We identified hypoxia response elements (HREs) upstream of E1B. We showed binding of HIF-1α onto these HREs and increased E1B mRNA expression in hypoxic T cells. This results in decreased sCD5 expression and increased cytoplasmic accumulation in T cells. We also validated our study in a solid tumor, i.e., colorectal cancer (CRC) patient samples. This hypoxia-driven mechanism reduces the surface CD5 expression on infiltrated T-cells in solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad (M.N.N.I.T. Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Srishti Sahu
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad (M.N.N.I.T. Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Bharat Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad (M.N.N.I.T. Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Swarnima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad (M.N.N.I.T. Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Amit Kumar Kureel
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad (M.N.N.I.T. Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad (M.N.N.I.T. Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Deeksha Rikhari
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad (M.N.N.I.T. Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad (M.N.N.I.T. Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Ambak Kumar Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad (M.N.N.I.T. Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reeve KE, Deer E, Amaral LM, Cornelius DC, Herrock O, Harmon AC, Campbell N, Fitzgerald S, Ibrahim T, Wallukat G, Dechend R, LaMarca B. Placental CD4 + T cells from preeclamptic patients cause autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor and hypertension in a pregnant rat model of preeclampsia. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022; 3:99-111. [PMID: 37645383 PMCID: PMC10465114 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with activated CD4+ T cells and autoantibodies to angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-AA). We have previously shown that CD4+ T cells isolated from women with PE cause hypertension, increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), endothelin-1, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) when injected into pregnant nude-athymic rats compared to CD4+ T cells from normal pregnant (NP) women. However, the role of PE CD4+ T cells to cause AT1-AA as a mechanism of hypertension is not known. Aim: Our goal was to determine if PE CD4+ T cells stimulate AT1-AA in pregnant nude-athymic rats. CD4+ T cells were isolated from human NP and PE placentasand injected into nude-athymic rats on gestational day (GD) 12. In order to examine the role of the PE CD4+ T cells to stimulate B cell secretion of AT1-AA, a subset of the rats receiving PE CD4+ T cells were treated with rituximab on GD 14 or anti-CD40 ligand (anti-CD40L) on GD 12. On GD 19, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and tissues were obtained MAP [114 ± 1 mmHg (n = 9)] and AT1-AA [19.8 ± 0.9 beats per minute (bpm, n = 4)] were increased in NP nude + PE CD4+ T cells compared to NP nude + NP CD4+ T cells [98 ± 2 mmHg (n = 7, P < 0.05) and 1.3 ± 0.9 bpm (n = 5, P < 0.05)]. Rituximab (103 ± 2 mmHg, n = 3, P < 0.05) and anti-CD40L (102 ± 1 mmHg, n = 3, P < 0.05) lowered MAP compared to NP nude + PE CD4+ T cells. Circulating a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and placental angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) activity was increased in response to PE CD4+ T cells. These results show that placental CD4+ T cells play an important role in the pathophysiology of PE, by activating B cells secreting AT1-AA to cause hypertension during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E. Reeve
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Evangeline Deer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Lorena M. Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Denise C. Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Owen Herrock
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ashlyn C. Harmon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Nathan Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Sarah Fitzgerald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Gerd Wallukat
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goel P, Acharya S, Ahuja S. Flowcytometry in Reactive Lymph Node Aspirates: Evaluation of Distribution of Populations with Immunophenotypic Outliers. Cytopathology 2022; 33:505-513. [PMID: 35023246 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for lymphomas has markedly improved when used in conjunction with flowcytometry, especially to differentiate reactive lymph node aspirates from low-grade lymphomas, which is a challenge for cytopathologists. Lymphoma diagnosis by FCM depends on detection of immunophenotypic B and T cell outliers, which are also present in benign lymph nodes, albeit on a subset of cells. These can mimic heterogenous population obtained from lymphomas partially involving a lymph node. METHODS In the present study, flowcytometry of FNA/ scrape material from 30 cases of benign lymph nodes was evaluated to study the distribution of lymphoid populations and assess presence and percentages of immunophenotypic outliers. RESULTS Majority of lymph nodes sampled were cervical nodes with all cases showing a T cell predominance. CD5/CD19 coexpression was seen in 23.94 ± 9.51% of B cell events in 20 cases and CD10/CD19 coexpression was seen in 3.2% - 20.2% B cell events in 8 cases. None of the above cases showed a light chain restriction. Loss of CD7 (2-28.4% T cell events) and CD5 (12.7% of T cell events) expression was seen in 17 cases and one case respectively. CONCLUSION We concluded that immunophenotypic outliers suggestive of lymphomas could be seen in non-lymphomatous lymph node aspirates in a subset of population. However, they could be defined as benign due to absence of light chain restriction and normal CD4: CD8 ratio in all but one case in the present study. This case was confirmed to be benign after clinical correlation and excisional biopsy. Thus, multiparameter FCM along with clinicoradiological correlation can prevent overdiagnosis of lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Goel
- Department of Pathology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Seema Acharya
- Department of Pathology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Sana Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iperi C, Bordron A, Dueymes M, Pers JO, Jamin C. Metabolic Program of Regulatory B Lymphocytes and Influence in the Control of Malignant and Autoimmune Situations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735463. [PMID: 34650560 PMCID: PMC8505885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways have been studied for a while in eukaryotic cells. During glycolysis, glucose enters into the cells through the Glut1 transporter to be phosphorylated and metabolized generating ATP molecules. Immune cells can use additional pathways to adapt their energetic needs. The pentose phosphate pathway, the glutaminolysis, the fatty acid oxidation and the oxidative phosphorylation generate additional metabolites to respond to the physiological requirements. Specifically, in B lymphocytes, these pathways are activated to meet energetic demands in relation to their maturation status and their functional orientation (tolerance, effector or regulatory activities). These metabolic programs are differentially involved depending on the receptors and the co-activation molecules stimulated. Their induction may also vary according to the influence of the microenvironment, i.e. the presence of T cells, cytokines … promoting the expression of particular transcription factors that direct the energetic program and modulate the number of ATP molecule produced. The current review provides recent advances showing the underestimated influence of the metabolic pathways in the control of the B cell physiology, with a particular focus on the regulatory B cells, but also in the oncogenic and autoimmune evolution of the B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Bordron
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
| | - Maryvonne Dueymes
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France.,Service d'Odontologie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France.,Service d'Odontologie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christophe Jamin
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ye MT, Zhu J, Luo DX, Wang Y, Chen Z, Yang Y, Tian C, Zhang Y, You MJ. B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Aberrant CD5 Expression. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 156:586-595. [PMID: 33822875 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a neoplasm of precursor lymphoid cells committed to the B-lineage. Expression of CD5 is rare in B-ALL. METHODS We studied the clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features of 10 cases of B-ALL with aberrant CD5 expression, and compared with CD5-B-ALL. RESULTS B-ALL with aberrant CD5 expression is rare and predominantly affects men. Patients with CD5+ B-ALL had shorter median overall survival (21 vs 45 months, P = .0003). Expression of CD5 imposed a challenge in the differential diagnoses between B-ALL and other CD5+ B-cell lymphomas with blastic morphology. Dim CD20 and CD45, lack of surface immunoglobulin, expression of CD34 and TdT, negative immunostain for cyclin D1, and absence of t(11;14)(q13;q32) support a diagnosis of B-ALL. CONCLUSIONS CD5 expression is rare in B-ALL and associated with poor clinical outcome. CD5+ B-ALL represents a distinct entity that needs to be considered in the differential diagnoses of CD5+ B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Ye
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - David X Luo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, and Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zehui Chen
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, and Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chen Tian
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, and Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, and Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qorbani A, Gao G, Dwyre DM. Polyclonal CD5+/CD19+ B1a lymphocytes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a potential diagnostic pitfall. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2020; 10:e2020147. [PMID: 33344271 PMCID: PMC7703255 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2020.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In adults, B-lymphocytes comprise approximately 10% of circulating lymphocytes. The majority of peripheral B cells are B2 cells (“Mature” B-cells), which function as part of the humoral adaptive immune system. B1 cells (“Innate-like” B cells) are another sub-class of B lymphocytes, considered as innate immune cells with a characteristic phenotype (CD20+, CD27+, CD43+, CD70-, CD11b+, sIgM++, sIgD+) which can be divided into two subtypes; B1a (CD5+): spontaneously produce broadly reactive natural IgM, and B1b (CD5-): can generate T-cell independent, long-lasting IgM. There is very limited data available, indicating a correlation between allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and an increase in B1a cells. Here we present a case of a 17-year-old female with homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS disease) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Approximately seven months post-transplant, she was found to have 16% immature mononuclear cells on complete blood count (CBC)-differential report. A follow-up peripheral blood flow cytometry showed that these cells were polyclonal CD5+/CD20+ B-cells, and comprised 66% of lymphocytes. Further workup and follow up failed to reveal any lymphoproliferative disorders. It is important not to misdiagnose these cells as an atypical CD5+ lymphoproliferative disorder. The presence of B1a cells has not been widely reported in non-neoplastic post-stem cell transplanted patients. This case also adds to and expands our knowledge regarding the presence of increased circulating B1a cells after stem cell transplant in a patient with no history of hematological malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Qorbani
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), UCSF Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guofeng Gao
- University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Denis M Dwyre
- University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Negi N, Das BK. Decoding intrathecal immunoglobulins and B cells in the CNS: their synthesis, function, and regulation. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 39:67-79. [PMID: 31928379 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1711073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of an active lymphatic system in the meninges (dura mater) has opened up a wide range of possibilities for the role of CNS immunoglobulins in brain development in early fetal life or during infancy. The antibody-dependent and -independent functions of B cells in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis are not new to immunologists, yet their role in other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease is incompletely understood. Deep cervical lymph nodes have emerged as a candidate site for autosensitization against CNS antigens and have been shown to provide the right kind of milieu for the dynamic interaction of antigen-presenting cells, B cells, and T cells. The presence of different B cells in the lymph nodes and the production of natural autoantibodies by B-1 cells have definitely unlocked another piece of the puzzle. At a time when CD19 and CD20 monoclonal antibodies have shown remarkable results in ameliorating the relapse and progression of multiple sclerosis, it is imperative to dissect out the diversity in B cell populations inside the CNS to identify new targets to improve current treatment regimens for neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the origin, migration, function, and regulation of B cells and the production of intrathecal immunoglobulins considering the previous and current findings and taking into account the differences between a healthy state and the changes that occur during an inflammatory or autoimmune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neema Negi
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bimal K Das
- HIV Immunology Section, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Michaud E, Mastrandrea C, Rochereau N, Paul S. Human Secretory IgM: An Elusive Player in Mucosal Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:141-156. [PMID: 31928913 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secretory IgMs (SIgMs) were amongst the first identified immunoglobulins. However, their importance was not fully understood and recent advances have shown they play a key role in establishing and promoting commensal gut tolerance in mice and humans. The true interactions between SIgMs and the microbiota remain controversial and we aim to consolidate current knowledge in this review. Through comprehensive examination of SIgMs and their corresponding B cell secretors in several different pathological immunological contexts, we review the presumed role of these molecules in gut tolerance, inflammatory bowel diseases, and lung immunity. As SIgMs harbor a mostly tolerogenic function, we posit that their inclusion in further immunological research is paramount.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michaud
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Nicolas Rochereau
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yeo KT, Embury P, Anderson T, Mungai P, Malhotra I, King C, Kazura J, Dent A. HIV, Cytomegalovirus, and Malaria Infections during Pregnancy Lead to Inflammation and Shifts in Memory B Cell Subsets in Kenyan Neonates. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1465-1478. [PMID: 30674575 PMCID: PMC6379806 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections during pregnancy can expose the fetus to microbial Ags, leading to inflammation that affects B cell development. Prenatal fetal immune priming may have an important role in infant acquisition of pathogen-specific immunity. We examined plasma proinflammatory biomarkers, the proportions of various B cell subsets, and fetal priming to tetanus vaccination in cord blood from human United States and Kenyan neonates. United States neonates had no identified prenatal infectious exposures, whereas Kenyan neonates examined had congenital CMV or mothers with prenatal HIV or Plasmodium falciparum or no identified infectious exposures. Kenyan neonates had higher levels of IP-10, TNF-α, CRP, sCD14, and BAFF than United States neonates. Among the Kenyan groups, neonates with prenatal infections/infectious exposures had higher levels of cord blood IFN-γ, IL-7, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 compared with neonates with no infectious exposures. Kenyan neonates had greater proportions of activated memory B cells (MBC) compared with United States neonates. Among the Kenyan groups, HIV-exposed neonates had greater proportions of atypical MBC compared with the other groups. Although HIV-exposed neonates had altered MBC subset distributions, detection of tetanus-specific MBC from cord blood, indicative of fetal priming with tetanus vaccine given to pregnant women, was comparable in HIV-exposed and non-HIV-exposed neonates. These results indicate that the presence of infections during pregnancy induces fetal immune activation with inflammation and increased activated MBC frequencies in neonates. The immunologic significance and long-term health consequences of these differences warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kee Thai Yeo
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Paula Embury
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Timothy Anderson
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Peter Mungai
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Indu Malhotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Christopher King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - James Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Arlene Dent
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106;
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prieto J, Felippe M. Development, phenotype, and function of non-conventional B cells. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 54:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
12
|
Scott GD, Atwater SK, Gratzinger DA. Normative data for flow cytometry immunophenotyping of benign lymph nodes sampled by surgical biopsy. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:174-179. [PMID: 28916595 PMCID: PMC5800326 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims To create clinically relevant normative flow cytometry data for understudied benign lymph nodes and characterise outliers. Methods Clinical, histological and flow cytometry data were collected and distributions summarised for 380 benign lymph node excisional biopsies. Outliers for kappa:lambda light chain ratio, CD10:CD19 coexpression, CD5:CD19 coexpression, CD4:CD8 ratios and CD7 loss were summarised for histological pattern, concomitant diseases and follow-up course. Results We generated the largest data set of benign lymph node immunophenotypes by an order of magnitude. B and T cell antigen outliers often had background immunosuppression or inflammatory disease but did not subsequently develop lymphoma. Conclusions Diagnostic immunophenotyping data from benign lymph nodes provide normative ranges for clinical use. Outliers raising suspicion for B or T cell lymphoma are not infrequent (26% of benign lymph nodes). Caution is indicated when interpreting outliers in the absence of excisional biopsy or clinical history, particularly in patients with concomitant immunosuppression or inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory David Scott
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Susan K Atwater
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dita A Gratzinger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rai AK, Singh A, Saxena A, Seth T, Raina V, Mitra DK. Exonal switch down-regulates the expression of CD5 on blasts of acute T cell leukaemia. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 190:340-350. [PMID: 28752543 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, CD5 expression and its role in acute T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) have not been studied closely. We observed a significant reduction in surface expression of CD5 (sCD5) on leukaemic T cells compared to autologous non-leukaemic T cells. In this study, we have shown the molecular mechanism regulating the expression and function of CD5 on leukaemic T cells. A total of 250 patients suffering from leukaemia and lymphoma were immunophenotyped. Final diagnosis was based on their clinical presentation, morphological data and flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping. Thirty-nine patients were found to be of ALL-T origin. Amplification of early region of E1A and E1B transcripts of CD5 was correlated with the levels of surface and intracellular expression of CD5 protein. Functional studies were performed to show the effect of CD5 blocking on interleukin IL-2 production and survival of leukaemic and non-leukaemic cells. Lack of expression of sCD5 on T-ALL blasts was correlated closely with predominant transcription of exon E1B and significant loss of exon E1A of the CD5 gene, which is associated with surface expression of CD5 on lymphocytes. High expression of E1B also correlates with increased expression of cytoplasmic CD5 (cCD5) among leukaemic T cells. Interestingly, we observed a significant increase in the production of IL-2 by non-leukaemic T cells upon CD5 blocking, leading possibly to their increased survival at 48 h. Our study provides understanding of the regulation of CD5 expression on leukaemic T cells, and may help in understanding the molecular mechanism of CD5 down-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Rai
- Cellular Immunology Division, Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - A Singh
- Cellular Immunology Division, Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - A Saxena
- Cellular Immunology Division, Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - T Seth
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - V Raina
- Department of Medical Oncology, BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - D K Mitra
- Cellular Immunology Division, Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thakral B, Medeiros LJ, Desai P, Lin P, Yin CC, Tang G, Khoury JD, Hu S, Xu J, Loghavi S, Hu B, Oki Y, Li S. Prognostic impact of CD5 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in patients treated with rituximab-EPOCH. Eur J Haematol 2017; 98:415-421. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beenu Thakral
- Department of Hematopathology; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | | | - Parth Desai
- Department of Hematopathology; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - C. Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Joseph D. Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Bei Hu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Yasuhiro Oki
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bosello S, Pers JO, Rochas C, Devauchelle V, De Santis M, Daridon C, Saraux A, Ferraccioli GF, Youinou P. Baff and Rheumatic Autoimmune Disorders: Implications for Disease Management and Therapy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 20:1-8. [PMID: 17346422 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in B-cells has been revived due to the description of new functions. Supporting a role for B-cells in the genesis of autoimmune diseases is the fact that the B-cell activating factor of the TNF ligand family (BAFF) is essential in their physiology. However, in each disease, this is restricted to a subgroup of patients. Based on experiments in mice, and validated in humans, this new cytokine has been highlighted. Excessive production of BAFF alters immune tolerance by rescuing self-binding B-cells. Overexpression in mice leads to autoimmune manifestation, and BAFF levels are elevated in the serum of autoimmune patients. Similar abnormalities occur in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Recent works suggest that antagonizing the protein (or competing for its receptors) is relevant to the treatment. Advances in our understanding of the BAFF system offers the opportunity to improve our therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bosello
- Laboratory of Immunology, Medical School, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Hu S, Zuo Z, Hong M, Lin P, Li S, Konoplev S, Wang Z, Khoury JD, Young KH, Medeiros LJ, Yin CC. CD5-positive follicular lymphoma: clinicopathologic correlations and outcome in 88 cases. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:787-98. [PMID: 25743023 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma of germinal center B-cell origin that typically lacks CD5 expression. We describe the clinicopathologic features of 88 cases of CD5+ follicular lymphoma (53 men, 35 women; median age, 60 years; range, 31-86). Follicular lymphoma was diagnosed initially in lymph nodes in 66 and extranodal sites in 22 patients. Eighty-one patients had lymphadenopathy, 66 had more than one involved site, 46 had bone marrow involvement, and 7 had splenomegaly. Staging information was available for 84 patients: 52 stage IV, 18 stage III, 12 stage II, and 2 stage I. Sixty-one cases were grade 1 or 2 and 27 were grade 3. The median proliferation index (Ki-67) was 30%. CD5 expression was detected by flow cytometry in 69, immunohistochemistry in 8, and both methods in 11 cases. The presence of t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-BCL2 or other BCL2 translocation was detected in 28/44 (64%) cases. A total of 38 (43%) patients also had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, concurrent with (n=20), subsequent to (n=13), or developing before CD5+ follicular lymphoma (n=5). All patients received chemotherapy; 12 also received stem-cell transplantation. With a median follow-up of 55 months (range, 0.5-207), 15 patients died, 46 were alive with disease, and 20 were in clinical remission. Compared with a matched group of patients with CD5- follicular lymphoma, patients with CD5+ follicular lymphoma more commonly had an International Prognostic Index >2 (35/80 vs 10/99, P<0.001), more often developed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (38/88 vs 17/99; P<0.001), and had a shorter median progression-free survival (44 vs 89 months, P=0.0042). Higher Ki-67 and International Prognostic Index were identified as poor prognostic factors in both the groups. We conclude that CD5 expression in follicular lymphoma is associated with a higher International Prognostic Index, higher rate of transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and shorter progression-free survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- 1] Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhuang Zuo
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Hong
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Persistent infection by EBV is explained by the germinal center model (GCM) which provides a satisfying and currently the only explanation for EBVs disparate biology. Since the GCM touches on every aspect of the virus, this chapter will serve as an introduction to the subsequent chapters. EBV is B lymphotropic, and its biology closely follows that of normal mature B lymphocytes. The virus persists quiescently in resting memory B cells for the lifetime of the host in a non-pathogenic state that is also invisible to the immune response. To access this compartment, the virus infects naïve B cells in the lymphoepithelium of the tonsils and activates these cells using the growth transcription program. These cells migrate to the GC where they switch to a more limited transcription program, the default program, which helps rescue them into the memory compartment where the virus persists. For egress, the infected memory cells return to the lymphoepithelium where they occasionally differentiate into plasma cells activating viral replication. The released virus can either infect more naïve B cells or be amplified in the epithelium for shedding. This cycle of infection and the quiescent state in memory B cells allow for lifetime persistence at a very low level that is remarkably stable over time. Mathematically, this is a stable fixed point where the mechanisms regulating persistence drive the state back to equilibrium when perturbed. This is the GCM of EBV persistence. Other possible sites and mechanisms of persistence will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nagel A, Möbs C, Raifer H, Wiendl H, Hertl M, Eming R. CD3-positive B cells: a storage-dependent phenomenon. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110138. [PMID: 25329048 PMCID: PMC4199681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of clinical studies requires extensive management of human specimen including e.g. overnight shipping of blood samples in order to convey the samples in a central laboratory or to simultaneously analyze large numbers of patients. Storage of blood samples for periods of time before in vitro/ex vivo testing is known to influence the antigen expression on the surface of lymphocytes. In this context, the present results show for the first time that the T cell antigen CD3 can be substantially detected on the surface of human B cells after ex vivo storage and that the degree of this phenomenon critically depends on temperature and duration after blood withdrawal. The appearance of CD3 on the B cell surface seems to be a result of contact-dependent antigen exchange between T and B lymphocytes and is not attributed to endogenous production by B cells. Since cellular subsets are often classified by phenotypic analyses, our results indicate that ex vivo cellular classification in peripheral blood might result in misleading interpretations. Therefore, in order to obtain results reflecting the in vivo situation, it is suggested to minimize times of ex vivo blood storage after isolation of PBMC. Moreover, to enable reproducibility of results between different research groups and multicenter studies, we would emphasize the necessity to specify and standardize the storage conditions, which might be the basis of particular findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nagel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fettke F, Schumacher A, Costa SD, Zenclussen AC. B cells: the old new players in reproductive immunology. Front Immunol 2014; 5:285. [PMID: 25002862 PMCID: PMC4066365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive immunology research has long focused on T cell responses to paternal antigens and tolerance mechanisms supporting fetal well-being. The participation of B cells herein was not widely studied. Because of the fascinating immunological uniqueness of pregnancy, it is however to be expected that such pleiotropic cells play a considerable role. In fact, on the one hand B cells contribute toward pregnancy tolerance by secreting the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10 but on the other hand can seriously harm pregnancy because of their capacity of producing autoantibodies. As for protective B cells, new evidences in mouse models arise suggesting that IL-10 producing B cells, the so-called B10 cells, help in maintaining tolerance toward semi-allogenic fetal antigens. They may be also important to fight danger signals at the fetal-maternal interface as, e.g., in the case of infections with the aim to restore the disrupted fetal tolerance. In human pregnancies, IL-10 producing B cells increase with pregnancy onset but not in the case of spontaneous abortions. In vitro, they are able to suppress TNF-α production by T cells from pregnant individuals. Their generation and functionality will be discussed throughout this review article. B cells can be deleterious to pregnancy as well. Aberrant B cell compartment is associated with obstetric pathologies. In particular, the capacity of B2 cells to produce specific autoantibodies or of B-1a B cells to secrete natural autoantibodies that can turn autoreactive will be discussed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fettke
- Department of Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Department of Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Serban-Dan Costa
- University Women's Clinic, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Department of Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miyoshi H, Sato K, Yoshida M, Kimura Y, Kiyasu J, Ichikawa A, Ishibashi Y, Arakawa F, Nakamura Y, Nakashima S, Niino D, Sugita Y, Ohshima K. CD5-positive follicular lymphoma characterized by CD25, MUM1, low frequency of t(14;18) and poor prognosis. Pathol Int 2014; 64:95-103. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kensaku Sato
- Biostatistics Center; School of Medicine; Kurume University; Kurume Japan
| | - Maki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology; Kurume University; Kurume Japan
| | - Yoshizo Kimura
- Department of Pathology; Kurume University; Kurume Japan
| | - Junichi Kiyasu
- Department of Pathology; Kurume University; Kurume Japan
| | - Ayako Ichikawa
- Department of Pathology; Kurume University; Kurume Japan
| | | | - Fumiko Arakawa
- Department of Pathology; Kurume University; Kurume Japan
| | | | | | - Daisuke Niino
- Department of Pathology; Kurume University; Kurume Japan
| | - Yasuo Sugita
- Department of Pathology; Kurume University; Kurume Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology; Kurume University; Kurume Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Raftery MJ, Wolter E, Fillatreau S, Meisel H, Kaufmann SHE, Schönrich G. NKT Cells Determine Titer and Subtype Profile of Virus-Specific IgG Antibodies during Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4294-302. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
22
|
Wang YY, Zhang L, Zhao PW, Ma L, Li C, Zou HB, Jiang YF. Functional implications of regulatory B cells in human IgA nephropathy. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:51-60. [PMID: 24219615 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) diagnosis remains largely based upon immunohistologic detection of IgA- and IgG-containing glomerular deposits in renal mesangial cells, and little is known about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This study examines the putative contribution of B cell types, including the Breg type, to IgAN pathogenesis. Twenty-four patients with IgAN and proteinuria (Group A: <3.5 g/24 h, n = 13; Group B: >3.5 g/24 h, n = 11) and 10 healthy controls were enrolled. The frequencies of B cell subtypes in venous blood were measured by flow cytometry. Galactose-deficient IgA1 was measurement by ELISA. Needle biopsies were analysed by histology and immunofluorescence microscopy. Correlation between clinical features and B cell subtypes, including the regulatory B (Breg) cells, and Breg cell-derived immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10 was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation test. IgAN patients had significantly higher frequencies of CD27(+) CD19(+) , CD38(+) CD19(+) , CD86(+) CD19(+) and CD5(+) CD19(+) B cells than the healthy controls, but significantly lower levels of Breg cells and intracellular expression of IL-10 protein in the Breg subtype. Serum IgA concentration positively correlated with CD27(+) CD19(+) B cell frequency and negatively correlated with IL-10(+) Breg cell frequency in IgAN patients, and the percentage of CD19(+) CD5(+) CD1d(+) in CD19(+) cells was negatively correlated with the level of serum Gd-IgA1. Furthermore, the frequencies of CD19(+) CD38(+) and CD19(+) CD86(+) in the CD19(+) subpopulation negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate of IgAN patients. Several of the CD19(+) B cell subtypes and the IL-10(+) Breg cells are differentially expressed in IgAN patients and may contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Department of Central Laboratory, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Nephropathy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mankai A, Bordron A, Renaudineau Y, Berthou C, Ghedira I, Youinou P. CD5 links humoral autoimmunity with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 3:333-41. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.3.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
B lymphocytes: development, tolerance, and their role in autoimmunity-focus on systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmune Dis 2013; 2013:827254. [PMID: 24187614 PMCID: PMC3804284 DOI: 10.1155/2013/827254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are the effectors of humoral immunity, providing defense against pathogens through different functions including antibody production. B cells constitute approximately 15% of peripheral blood leukocytes and arise from hemopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. It is here that their antigen receptors (surface immunoglobulin) are assembled. In the context of autoimmune diseases defined by B and/or T cell autoreactive that upon activation lead to chronic tissue inflammation and often irreversible structural and functional damage, B lymphocytes play an essential role by not only producing autoantibodies but also functioning as antigen-presenting cells (APC) and as a source of cytokines. In this paper, we describe B lymphocyte functions in autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases with a special focus on their abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Collapse
|
25
|
Veneri D, Franchini M, Vella A, Tridente G, Semenzato G, Pizzolo G, Ortolani R. Changes of human B and B-1a peripheral blood lymphocytes with age. Hematology 2013; 12:337-41. [PMID: 17654062 DOI: 10.1080/10245330701255270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2057 consecutive subjects admitted to the Department of Pathology, Section of Immunology of the Verona University Hospital, CD19+ and CD5/CD19 double positive cells were determined to assess the behaviour of total peripheral B-lymphocytes and B-1a (CD5+) compartments in humans during aging. We show that the absolute number of total B lymphocytes increases about three-fold from the baseline conditions in the first year of life and progressively decreases until adult age. A slower decrease was detected from the adult age onwards. A similar behaviour has been observed within the B-1a subset of B-lymphocytes, although the decrease after the adult age seems more pronounced. Possible physiological explanations and/or implications for the disease states are taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Veneri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jain P, Fayad LE, Rosenwald A, Young KH, O'Brien S. Recent advances in de novo CD5+ diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:798-802. [PMID: 23695956 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Various subsets of DLBCL are distinguished based on molecular and immunohistochemical features. CD5 expressing DLBCL (CD5+ DLBCL) is increasingly recognized as a subtype of DLBCL with an aggressive disease course. Primary CD5+ DLBCL comprises approximately 5-10% of DLBCL. Few studies of CD5+ DLBCL have been reported, primarily from Japan. Publications covered in this review include articles published on PubMed and abstracts from major international conferences until April 2013. Common features of patients with CD5+ DLBCL are older age, female preponderance, elevated LDH, more extra-nodal involvement, poor performance status (PS), higher incidence of CNS involvement, inferior response to rituximab-containing regimens (as compared to CD5- DLBCL) and advanced stage. The majority of these cases belong to the activated B cell subtype (ABC) of DLBCL. It is unclear whether CD5 expression in malignant B cells may confer chemo resistance, upregulate antiapoptotic signals and alter the microenvironment. Molecular techniques have helped in understanding CD5+ DLBCL. Gene expression signature was similar in ABC-DLBCL and CD5+ DLBCL in some studies. Despite the better characterization treatment outcomes are poor and additional studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preetesh Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jamin C, Achour A, Youinou P, Pers JO. [Regulatory lymphocytes: a new cooperation between T and B cells for a better control of the immune response]. Presse Med 2013; 43:18-26. [PMID: 23871608 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.02.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanims of peripheral tolerance include molecular controls and the presence of regulatory lymphocytes. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) correspond to different sub-populations of T cells that control immune responses due to the production of cytokines, such as IL-10 and with direct cell-to-cell contacts. Tregs targets are antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes but also effector antibody-producing B lymphocytes. Regulatory B lymphocytes (Bregs) have been more recently described and likely represent different sub-populations of B cells that control the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases due to the production of IL-10 and using intercellular contacts. Bregs targets encompass all the cells involved in the immune responses which are thus under a dual control by regulatory lymphocytes. Development and efficient activity of Tregs appear dependent of Bregs for a better regulation of autoimmune reactions, of anti-infectious reactions, but also of anti-tumor reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Jamin
- Centre hospitalier regional universitaire, université européenne de Bretagne, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.
| | - Achouak Achour
- Centre hospitalier regional universitaire, université européenne de Bretagne, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Pierre Youinou
- Centre hospitalier regional universitaire, université européenne de Bretagne, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- Centre hospitalier regional universitaire, université européenne de Bretagne, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Natarajan P, Singh A, McNamara JT, Secor ER, Guernsey LA, Thrall RS, Schramm CM. Regulatory B cells from hilar lymph nodes of tolerant mice in a murine model of allergic airway disease are CD5+, express TGF-β, and co-localize with CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:691-701. [PMID: 22718263 PMCID: PMC3480990 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In a biphasic, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model where allergic airway disease is followed by resolution and the development of local inhalational tolerance (LIT), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-expressing CD5(+) B cells were selectively expanded locally in hilar lymph nodes (HLN) of LIT mice. LIT HLN CD5(+) B cells, but not LIT HLN CD5(-) B cells, induced expression of Foxp3 in CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells in vitro. These CD5(+) regulatory B cells (Breg) and CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells demonstrated similar increases in expression of chemokine receptors (CXCR4 and CXCR5) and co-localized in HLN B cell zones of LIT mice. The adoptive transfer of LIT HLN CD5(+) B cells, but not LIT HLN CD5(-) B cells, increased the number of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells in the lung and inhibited airway eosinophilia in this OVA model. Thus, Breg in HLNs of LIT mice reside in a CD5(+) TGF-β-producing subpopulation and co-localize with CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabitha Natarajan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Anurag Singh
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030,Nestle Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey T. McNamara
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Eric R. Secor
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Linda A. Guernsey
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Roger S. Thrall
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Craig M. Schramm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mageed RA, Garaud S, Taher TE, Parikh K, Pers JO, Jamin C, Renaudineau Y, Youinou P. CD5 expression promotes multiple intracellular signaling pathways in B lymphocyte. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 11:795-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
30
|
Pers JO. Pierre Youinou: Life contribution to autoimmunity. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012; 11:777-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Pierre Youinou: when intuition and determination meet autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2012; 39:117-20. [PMID: 22863520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
32
|
Guerrier T, Youinou P, Pers JO, Jamin C. TLR9 drives the development of transitional B cells towards the marginal zone pathway and promotes autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2012; 39:173-9. [PMID: 22695187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maturation of B cells depends on environmental stimuli. Peripheral immature B cells develop into follicular pathway when antigenic stimulation is combined with T cell signals. Here, we wished to identify stimuli contributing to the development into marginal zone B cells known to be involved in autoimmune response. We found that TLR9 stimulation of transitional B cells induces proliferation and specific maturation into CD24(-) CD38(+) CD21(high) CD23(low) IgM(high) IgD(low) and Notch2(high) B cells characteristics of marginal zone B cells. Terminal differentiation into antibody-secreting cell associated with isotype switch commitment is also triggered which leads to a striking production of autoantibodies. Interestingly, mature B cells do not differentiate into marginal zone pathway following TLR9 stimulation, nor do transitional B cells under antigenic and T cell combined signals. These results suggest that transitional B cells are specifically sensitive to TLR9 stimulation to produce autoreactive marginal zone B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guerrier
- EA2216 Immunologie et Pathologie, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université de Brest et Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cantaert T, Doorenspleet ME, FrancoSalinas G, Paramarta JE, Klarenbeek PL, Tiersma Y, van der Loos CM, De Vries N, Tak PP, Baeten DL. Increased numbers of CD5+ B lymphocytes with a regulatory phenotype in spondylarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1859-68. [DOI: 10.1002/art.34364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
34
|
Jensen F, Wallukat G, Herse F, Budner O, El-Mousleh T, Costa SD, Dechend R, Zenclussen AC. CD19
+
CD5
+
Cells as Indicators of Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2012; 59:861-8. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.188276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a devastating pregnancy-associated disorder affecting 5% to 8% of pregnant women worldwide. It emerges as an autoimmune-driven disease, and, among others, the autoantibodies against angiotensin type 1 receptor II have been proposed to account for preeclampsia symptoms. Despite much attention focused on describing autoantibodies associated with preeclampsia, there is no clue concerning the cell population producing them. CD19
+
CD5
+
B-1a B cells constitute the main source of natural and polyreactive antibodies, which can be directed against own structures. Here, we aimed to identify the B-cell subpopulation responsible for autoantibody production during preeclampsia and to study their regulation, as well as their possible use as markers for the disease. The frequency of CD19
+
CD5
+
cells in peripheral blood of preeclamptic patients is dramatically increased compared with normal pregnant women as analyzed by flow cytometry. This seems to be driven by the high human chorionic gonadotropin levels present in the serum and placenta supernatant of preeclamptic patients versus normal pregnant women. Not only ≈95% of CD19
+
CD5
+
cells express the human chorionic gonadotropin receptor, but these cells also expand on human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in a lymphocyte culture. Most importantly, isolated CD19
+
CD5
+
cells produce autoantibodies against angiotensin type 1 receptor II, and CD19
+
CD5
+
cells were further detected in the placenta of preeclamptic but not of normal pregnancies where barely B cells are present. Our results identify a B-cell population able to produce pregnancy-pathological autoantibodies as possible markers for preeclampsia, which opens vast diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Jensen
- From the Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.J., T.E.-M., A.C.Z.), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (G.W., F.H., R.D.), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; University Women's Clinic (O.B., S.-D.C.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch (R.D.), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Wallukat
- From the Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.J., T.E.-M., A.C.Z.), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (G.W., F.H., R.D.), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; University Women's Clinic (O.B., S.-D.C.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch (R.D.), Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Herse
- From the Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.J., T.E.-M., A.C.Z.), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (G.W., F.H., R.D.), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; University Women's Clinic (O.B., S.-D.C.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch (R.D.), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Budner
- From the Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.J., T.E.-M., A.C.Z.), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (G.W., F.H., R.D.), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; University Women's Clinic (O.B., S.-D.C.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch (R.D.), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tarek El-Mousleh
- From the Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.J., T.E.-M., A.C.Z.), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (G.W., F.H., R.D.), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; University Women's Clinic (O.B., S.-D.C.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch (R.D.), Berlin, Germany
| | - Serban-Dan Costa
- From the Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.J., T.E.-M., A.C.Z.), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (G.W., F.H., R.D.), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; University Women's Clinic (O.B., S.-D.C.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch (R.D.), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Dechend
- From the Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.J., T.E.-M., A.C.Z.), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (G.W., F.H., R.D.), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; University Women's Clinic (O.B., S.-D.C.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch (R.D.), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- From the Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.J., T.E.-M., A.C.Z.), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (G.W., F.H., R.D.), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; University Women's Clinic (O.B., S.-D.C.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch (R.D.), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
B lymphocyte intestinal homing in inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:71. [PMID: 22208453 PMCID: PMC3261110 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be due to an abnormal interaction between the host immune system and commensal microflora. Within the intestinal immune system, B cells produce physiologically natural antibodies but pathologically atypical anti-neutrophil antibodies (xANCAs) are frequently observed in patients with IBD. The objective is to investigate the localisation of immunoglobulin-producing cells (IPCs) in samples of inflamed intestinal tissue taken from patients with IBD, and their possible relationship with clinical features. METHODS The IPCs in small intestinal, colonic and rectal biopsy specimens of patients with IBD were analysed by means of immunofluorescence using polyclonal rabbit anti-human Ig and goat anti-human IgM. The B cell phenotype of the IPC-positive samples was assessed using monoclonal antibodies specific for CD79, CD20, CD23, CD21, CD5, λ and κ chains. Statistical correlations were sought between the histological findings and clinical expression. RESULTS The study involved 96 patients (64 with ulcerative colitis and 32 with Crohn's disease). Two different patterns of B lymphocyte infiltrates were found in the intestinal tissue: one was characterised by a strong to moderate stromal localisation of small IgM+/CD79+/CD20-/CD21-/CD23-/CD5± IPCs (42.7% of cases); in the other (57.3%) no such small IPCs were detected in stromal or epithelial tissues. IPCs were significantly less frequent in the patients with Crohn's disease than in those with ulcerative colitis (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that different immunopathogenetic pathways underlie chronic intestinal inflammation with different clinical expressions. The presence of small B lymphocytes resembling B-1 cells also seemed to be negatively associated with Crohn's disease. It can therefore be inferred that the gut contains an alternative population of B cells that have a regulatory function.
Collapse
|
36
|
Carnero-Montoro E, Bonet L, Engelken J, Bielig T, Martínez-Florensa M, Lozano F, Bosch E. Evolutionary and functional evidence for positive selection at the human CD5 immune receptor gene. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 29:811-23. [PMID: 21998275 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5 is a lymphocyte surface coreceptor of still incompletely understood function. Currently available information indicates that CD5 participates not only in cell-to-cell immune interactions through still poorly defined endogenous ligands expressed on hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells but also in recognition of exogenous and highly conserved microbial structures such as fungal β-glucans. Preceding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data analysis provided evidence for a recent selective sweep in East Asia and suggested a nonsynonymous substitution at position 471 (A471V; rs2229177) of the cytoplasmatic region of the CD5 receptor as the most plausible target of selection. The present report further investigates the role of natural selection in the CD5 gene by a resequencing approach in 60 individuals representing populations from 3 different continents (20 Africans, 20 Europeans and 20 East Asians) and by functionally assaying the relevance of the A471V replacement on CD5 signaling. The high differentiation pattern found at the nonsynonymous A471V site together with the low diversity, most of the performed neutrality tests (Tajima's D, Fu and Li's F* and D*, and Fu's Fs) and the predominance of a major haplotype in East Asians strongly argue in favor of positive selection for the A471V site. Importantly, anti-CD5 monoclonal antibody cross-linking unveiled significant differences among A471V variants regarding the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade activation on COS7 and on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Similar differences on MAPK activation and IL-8 cytokine release were also observed upon exposure of HEK293 cell transfectants expressing the A471V variants to Zymosan, a β-glucan-rich fungal particle. Taken together, the results provide evidence for the hypothesis of an adaptive role of the A471V substitution to environmental challenges, most likely infectious pathogens, in East Asian populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carnero-Montoro
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Alonso R, Buors C, Le Dantec C, Hillion S, Pers JO, Saraux A, Montero E, Marianowski R, Loisel S, Devauchelle V, Youinou P, Renaudineau Y. Aberrant expression of CD6 on B-cell subsets from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. J Autoimmun 2011; 35:336-41. [PMID: 20810246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CD6 is one of a pair of related genes encoding CD5-associated receptors on all T cells and a subset of B cells. The current availability of "T1h", a humanized anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody for B cell-mediated autoimmune disorders revives analysis of the B-cell subset expression of CD6, particularly in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Refined phenotype of B-lymphocytes peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow and tonsils revealed that the overlap between the expression of CD6 is less close to that of CD5 than currently acknowledged. In contrast to CD5, CD6 is absent on transitional B cells, while present on mature and memory B cells. Interestingly, the PB proportion of CD6(+) B cells is decreased in patients with primary SS, as opposed to those with rheumatoid arthritis. The reduction in primary SS does not result from the shedding of CD6 from the membrane of B cells, but from the lowering of memory B lymphocytes. It may result from the ability of CD6 to make transmigration of CD27(+) memory B cells into the salivary glands (SGs) easier. Consistent with this view is our finding that CD166 (one of the ligands for CD6) is highly expressed on epithelial cells of patients' SGs. This study is relevant in that the humanized T1h anti-CD6 becomes an alternative to anti-CD20 for treatment of primary SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Alonso
- EA 2216 Immunology and Pathology, IFR 148 ScInBioS, European University of Brittany, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Induction of B cell responses upon experimental infection of neonatal calves with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1139-49. [PMID: 21543587 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00058-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if experimental infection of neonatal calves with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis would invoke changes in the percentages of total B cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell population and of subpopulations of B cells as determined by CD5, CD25, and CD45RO markers during a 12-month period. Experimental infection groups included control (noninfected), oral (infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain K-10), oral/DXM (pretreatment with dexamethasone before oral inoculation), i.p. (intraperitoneal inoculation), and oral/M (oral inoculation with mucosal scrapings from a cow with clinical disease) groups. Over the course of the study, the percentages of total B cells in nonstimulated and antigen-stimulated cell cultures increased for oral and i.p. group calves, with the highest percentages noted at 3 and 6 months. Oral/M group calves had increased percentages of activated B cells, as determined by CD5(dim) and CD5(bright) markers, at 9 and 12 months. Experimental infection by all methods resulted in increased expression of CD25(+) and CD45RO(+) B cells early in the study, but the most significant results were observed at 12 months for oral/DXM and oral/M group calves. Immunoblot analyses with a whole-cell sonicate of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis demonstrated the most reactivity with sera from i.p. group calves and the least reactivity with sera from oral group calves. Further evidence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific antibody responses in the i.p. group calves was demonstrated using the ethanol vortex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EvELISA) method. In summary, an induction of B cell responses was noted after experimental infection with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, with differences in responses noted according to the method of experimental inoculation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Bertilaccio MTS, Scielzo C, Muzio M, Caligaris-Cappio F. An overview of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia biology. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2011; 23:21-32. [PMID: 20620968 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by accumulation of CD5(+) monoclonal B cells in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. Genetic defects and stimuli originating from the microenvironment concur to the selection and expansion of the malignant clone. Several lines of evidence, including molecular and functional analysis of the monoclonal immunoglobulin, support the hypothesis that stimulation through the B-cell receptor affects life and death of leukaemic cells. The microenvironment also has a critical role in the survival and accumulation of leukaemic cells within lymphoid organs where signals delivered from the surrounding cells are likely crucial in inducing proliferation. Nevertheless, several major biological issues still remain to be solved including regulation of the balance between proliferation and survival of leukaemic cells and the links between emerging gene abnormalities and microenvironment. In this context, mouse models are helpful tools in understanding disease mechanisms and in evaluating the efficacy of novel therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T S Bertilaccio
- Laboratory of Lymphoid Malignancies, Division of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rosén A, Murray F, Evaldsson C, Rosenquist R. Antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukemia--implications for cell origin and leukemogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 20:400-9. [PMID: 20863893 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several types of B cell tumors, particularly MALT lymphomas, are known to have an antigen-driven component in tumor development. Over the past two decades substantial data have accumulated regarding the restricted immunoglobulin (IG) gene repertoire in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and its potential implications for antigenic drive in the disease development and progression. Herein we discuss how evidence first illustrated a link between certain B cell receptor (BCR) specificities and disease outcome and the subsequent large-scale IG analyses which revealed the extent of "stereotyped" BCRs in CLL. More recent studies on CLL antibody reactivity have gradually provided clues as to which antigens may be involved in the tumor development. Significantly, CLL monoclonal antibodies have been shown to resemble natural antibodies recognizing molecular motifs both on apoptotic cells (e.g. modified cytoskeletal proteins and oxidation-specific epitopes), as well as exogenous bacteria, indicating that CLL clones possibly arise from B cells which have dual function as scavengers of apoptotic debris, while also having the ability to bind conserved bacterial cell structures. Such revelations have led us to re-evaluate both the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the tumor B cells and the pathway by which CLL arises and develops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Rosén
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Expression of complement receptor 2 (CD21), membrane IgM and the inhibitory receptor CD32 (FcgammaRIIb) in the lymphoid tissues of neonatal calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 137:99-108. [PMID: 20488561 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Limited active antibody responses in neonates following vaccination have been attributed to immaturity of the immune system and to the suppressive effects of maternal antibodies. The activating receptor CD21 (CR2), when co-ligated with membrane IgM (mIgM) by complement-bound antigen lowers the threshold for activation of B lymphocytes. The inhibitory receptor CD32 (FcgammaRII) when co-ligated with mIgM by antigen-antibody complexes raises the threshold for activation. Expression of these receptors, which potentially play roles in regulation of B cell responses in the presence of maternal antibodies in neonates, has been recently characterized in blood lymphocytes in neonatal calves. Little is known however about expression of these receptors in the lymphoid tissues, where immune responses are initiated. In this study, expression of CD21, mIgM and CD32 receptors by B lymphocytes was studied in a range of lymphoid tissues including spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow from newborn and 7-week-old calves using flow cytometry. The proportion of naïve B lymphocytes in the lymphocyte gate was significantly lower in blood and spleen of newborn calves compared to 7-week-old calves. Over 90% of B lymphocytes expressed CD21 in the lymphoid tissues. In the lymph nodes and spleen, a lower proportion of mIgM(+) B lymphocytes expressed CD32 compared to blood. In addition, intensity of expression of CD32 on B cells in lymph nodes was significantly lower compared to that in blood, suggesting a lower potential for inhibitory signalling in B cells in the lymphoid microenvironment. Investigation of the CD5(+) B cell population (as an indicator of B1 B cells) suggested an increase in the proportion of IgM(+)CD5(+) cells with age in calves, in both blood and lymphoid tissue, in contrast to the situation in humans and mice. Overall, the majority of naïve B lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues in neonatal calves expressed both activating (CD21, mIgM) and inhibitory (CD32) receptors. These receptors may provide targets for novel adjuvants, to lower the threshold for activation of B cells in neonates, and enhance antibody responses.
Collapse
|
42
|
Fuda FS, Karandikar NJ, Chen W. Significant CD5 expression on normal stage 3 hematogones and mature B Lymphocytes in bone marrow. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 132:733-7. [PMID: 19846815 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpu5e3nxeklfiy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell maturation from hematogones to mature B cells in bone marrow exhibits a consistent, complex spectrum of sequential antigen expression. CD5 expression, however, has not been characterized. We studied the dynamics of CD5 expression on developing B cells by 4-color flow cytometry in 32 patients, aged 9 months to 63 years, with hematogone hyperplasia (>3.5% of total events). The mean percentage of hematogones was 8.1%. We demonstrate consistent CD5 expression on normal, polytypic B cells in a continuum, predominantly at later stages of maturation, specifically on stage 3 hematogones and mature B cells. Awareness of this normal pattern of CD5 expression on B-cell subsets has implications in the analysis of minimal residual disease of CD5+ B-lineage non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Collapse
|
43
|
Expression of CD27 and CD23 on peripheral blood B lymphocytes in humans of different ages. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2009; 7:29-34. [PMID: 19290077 DOI: 10.2450/2008.0007-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the fact that the coexpression of CD23 and CD27 has been reported to occur in B lymphocytic leukaemic clones and that there is debate about CD23 expression on memory B cells, we evaluated the behaviour of naive B cells (CD23-/CD27-) and memory B cells (CD27+) in the peripheral blood of a large number of humans of all ages. B cells were also distinguished into B2 (CD5-) and B1-a cells (CD5+). METHODS The cell surface expression of CD19, CD5, CD23 and CD27 was assessed on peripheral blood lymphocytes from 1,427 subjects of all ages undergoing peripheral blood immunophenotyping for a variety of reasons. RESULTS The absolute number of B lymphocytes and the percentage of naive cells (CD23-/CD27-) decreased with age whereas there was an increase in memory cells (CD27+). A small subset of B cells co-expressing CD23 and CD27 was present in humans of all ages, although the majority of CD27+ cells were CD23-. The percentages and rate of increase with age of B1-a CD23+/CD27+ were slightly higher than those of B2 cell counterparts. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our data, age-associated changes in surface markers of B cells seem to be finely balanced and probably related to functional changes after antigen encounters, while the whole peripheral blood B-cell compartment undergoes a quantitative regression.
Collapse
|
44
|
Peripheral blood CD5-positive B lymphocytes (B-1a cells) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia in humans. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2009; 6:220-4. [PMID: 19112737 DOI: 10.2450/2008.0010-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only few data are available in literature regarding the reconstitution of B- 1a cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation performed for haematological malignancies. METHODS In this study we used flow cytometry to assess the reconstitution of the peripheral blood B-1a cell compartment after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Cytometric analyses were performed over time on 11 consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia in our Haematology Unit and the results were compared with available data regarding B- 1a cell reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow stem cell transplantation. RESULTS In spite of an earlier recovery of B-1a cells in the peripheral blood after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, the reconstitution of this B-cell subset was similar, regardless of the source of stem cells employed. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are necessary in order to clarify the origin of B-1a cells in humans in health and illness.
Collapse
|
45
|
Stabel J, Khalifeh M. Differential expression of CD5 on B lymphocytes in cattle infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 126:211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Garaud S, Le Dantec C, Berthou C, Lydyard PM, Youinou P, Renaudineau Y. Selection of the alternative exon 1 from the cd5 gene down-regulates membrane level of the protein in B lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:2010-8. [PMID: 18641338 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human cd5 gene has two alternative exons 1: exon 1A (E1A) which encodes the full-length (FL) CD5 protein and exon 1B (E1B) which encodes a truncated (TR) isoform. The FL variant of CD5 protein is translocated to the plasma membrane, while its TR variant is retained in the cytoplasm. Because there is an inverse relationship between the levels of FL-CD5 and TR-CD5 in B cells, we have addressed the issue of how the selection of exon 1 is determined. In leukemic B cells, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1-induced methylation of E1B prevents its transcription. Furthermore, the level of mRNA for DNMT1 correlates inversely with that of mRNA for CD5-E1B. However, suppression of E1B transcription is incomplete, and some molecules of TR-CD5 continue to be synthesized. Bortezomid-induced inhibition of the proteasome establishes that these TR-CD5 molecules are cleared through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Transfection of CD5 mutants into COS-1 cells locates the ubiquitin-binding site at the second destruction box of the extracellular region of CD5. Activation of the B cells by anti-IgM, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC), or PMA up-regulates DNMT1, and thereby CD5-E1A mRNA at the expense of CD5-E1B mRNA. Aberrant synthesis of TR-CD5 is thus offset by balanced degradation of excessive protein. Dysregulation of these mechanisms reduces the expression level of membrane CD5, and thereby diminishes the threshold of the response by cells expressing CD5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soizic Garaud
- Laboratory of Immunology, Brest University Medical School, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jamin C, Morva A, Lemoine S, Daridon C, de Mendoza AR, Youinou P. Regulatory B lymphocytes in humans: a potential role in autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:1900-6. [PMID: 18576353 DOI: 10.1002/art.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
48
|
Yuling H, Ruijing X, Xiang J, Yanping J, Lang C, Li L, Dingping Y, Xinti T, Jingyi L, Zhiqing T, Yongyi B, Bing X, Xinxing W, Youxin J, Fox DA, Lundy SK, Guohua D, Jinquan T. CD19+CD5+ B cells in primary IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:2130-9. [PMID: 18650480 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The source of IgA and the mechanism for deposition of IgA in the mesangium remain unknown for primary IgA nephropathy. Because CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells are important producers of IgA and contribute to several autoimmune diseases, they may play an important role in IgA nephropathy. In this study, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and confocal microscopy were used to assess the frequency, distribution, Ig production, CD phenotypes, cytokine production, and sensitivity to apoptosis of CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells in the peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid, and kidney biopsies of 36 patients with primary IgA nephropathy. All patients with IgA nephropathy were significantly more likely to have CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells in the peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid, and kidney biopsies than were five control subjects and 10 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. The 33 patients who had IgA nephropathy and responded to treatment demonstrated a significant decrease in CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells in the peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid, and kidney (all P < 0.01). In the three patients who had IgA nephropathy and did not respond to treatment, the frequency of CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells did not change. CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells isolated from patients with untreated IgA nephropathy expressed higher levels of IgA, produced more IFN-gamma, and were more resistant to CD95L-induced apoptosis than cells isolated from control subjects and patients with lupus; these properties reversed with effective treatment of IgA nephropathy. In conclusion, these results strongly suggest that CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of primary IgA nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Yuling
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Dong Hu Road 115, 430071 Wuchang, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Charles ED, Green RM, Marukian S, Talal AH, Lake-Bakaar GV, Jacobson IM, Rice CM, Dustin LB. Clonal expansion of immunoglobulin M+CD27+ B cells in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia. Blood 2008; 111:1344-56. [PMID: 17942751 PMCID: PMC2214737 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-07-101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders such as mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). The pathogenesis of these disorders remains unclear, and it has been proposed that HCV drives the pro-liferation of B cells. Here we demonstrate that certain HCV(+)MC(+) subjects have clonal expansions of immunoglobulin M (IgM)(+)kappa(+)IgD(low/-)CD21(low)CD27(+) B cells. Using RT-PCR to amplify Ig from these singly sorted cells, we show that these predominantly rheumatoid factor-encoding V(H)1-69/J(H)4 and V(kappa)3-20 gene segment-restricted cells have low to moderate levels of somatic hypermutations. Ig sequence analysis suggests that antigen selection drives the generation of mutated clones. These findings lend further support to the notion that specific antigenic stimulation leads to B-cell proliferation in HCV MC and that chronic B-cell stimulation may set the stage for malignant transformation and the development of B-NHL. The finding that these hypermutated, marginal zone-like IgM(+)CD27(+) B cells are clonally expanded in certain subjects with MC offers insight into mechanisms of HCV-associated MC and B-cell malignancy. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00219999.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar D Charles
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jackson
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|