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Kang M, Kim DK, Le VV, Ko SR, Lee JJ, Choi IC, Shin Y, Kim K, Ahn CY. Microcystis abundance is predictable through ambient bacterial communities: A data-oriented approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122128. [PMID: 39126846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The number of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) has increased, leading to the widespread development of prediction models for cyanoHABs. Although bacteria interact closely with cyanobacteria and directly affect cyanoHABs occurrence, related modeling studies have rarely utilized microbial community data compared to environmental data such as water quality. In this study, we built a machine learning model, the multilayer perceptron (MLP), for the prediction of Microcystis dynamics using both bacterial community and weekly water quality data from the Daechung Reservoir and Nakdong River, South Korea. The modeling performance, indicated by the R2 value, improved to 0.97 in the model combining bacterial community data with environmental factors, compared to 0.78 in the model using only environmental factors. This underscores the importance of microbial communities in cyanoHABs prediction. Through the post-hoc analysis of the MLP models, we revealed that nitrogen sources played a more critical role than phosphorus sources in Microcystis blooms, whereas the bacterial amplicon sequence variants did not have significant differences in their contribution to each other. Similar to the MLP model results, bacterial data also had higher predictability in multiple linear regression (MLR) than environmental data. In both the MLP and MLR models, Microscillaceae showed the strongest association with Microcystis. This modeling approach provides a better understanding of the interactions between bacteria and cyanoHABs, facilitating the development of more accurate and reliable models for cyanoHABs prediction using ambient bacterial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyeong Kang
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyun Kim
- K-water Research Institute, 169 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34045, Republic of Korea
| | - Ve Van Le
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Ko
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Jung Lee
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Chungbuk, 29027, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chan Choi
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Chungbuk, 29027, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Shin
- Water Quality Assessment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghyun Kim
- Water Quality Assessment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Helmer M, Helmer D, Yohannes E, Newton J, Dietrich DR, Martin-Creuzburg D. Dissolved nitrogen uptake versus nitrogen fixation: Mode of nitrogen acquisition affects stable isotope signatures of a diazotrophic cyanobacterium and its grazer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306173. [PMID: 39088456 PMCID: PMC11293670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Field studies suggest that changes in the stable isotope ratios of phytoplankton communities can be used to track changes in the utilization of different nitrogen sources, i.e., to detect shifts from dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) uptake to atmospheric nitrogen (N2) fixation by diazotrophic cyanobacteria as an indication of nitrogen limitation. We explored changes in the stable isotope signature of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichormus variabilis in response to increasing nitrate (NO3-) concentrations (0 to 170 mg L-1) under controlled laboratory conditions. In addition, we explored the influence of nitrogen utilization at the primary producer level on trophic fractionation by studying potential changes in isotope ratios in the freshwater model Daphnia magna feeding on the differently grown cyanobacteria. We show that δ 15N values of the cyanobacterium increase asymptotically with DIN availability, from -0.7 ‰ in the absence of DIN (suggesting N2 fixation) to 2.9 ‰ at the highest DIN concentration (exclusive DIN uptake). In contrast, δ 13C values of the cyanobacterium did not show a clear relationship with DIN availability. The stable isotope ratios of the consumer reflected those of the differently grown cyanobacteria but also revealed significant trophic fractionation in response to nitrogen utilization at the primary producer level. Nitrogen isotope turnover rates of Daphnia were highest in the absence of DIN as a consequence of N2 fixation and resulting depletion in 15N at the primary producer level. Our results highlight the potential of stable isotopes to assess nitrogen limitation and to explore diazotrophy in aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Helmer
- University of Konstanz, Limnological Institute, Konstanz, Germany
- Wahnbachtalsperrenverband, Siegburg, Germany
| | - Desiree Helmer
- University of Konstanz, Limnological Institute, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Yohannes
- University of Konstanz, Limnological Institute, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Jason Newton
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Dietrich
- University of Konstanz, Human and Environmental Toxicology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dominik Martin-Creuzburg
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Research Station Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
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3
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Zhang H, Tan Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Xia X. Light-dark fluctuated metabolic features of diazotrophic and non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria and their coexisting bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168702. [PMID: 37992836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in oceans, are tightly associated with diverse microbiota. However, the relationships between heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria, particularly the diazotrophic group, are not fully understood. Here, we compared diel gene expressions of N2 fixing cyanobacteria Crocosphaera watsonii WH0003 and non-diazotrophic Synechococcus sp. RS9902 and their associated bacteria using metatranscriptomics approach. WH0003 showed significant up-regulation of O2 restriction and oxidative phosphorylation related genes at nighttime due to large carbon and energy investments for active N2 fixation. In contrast, RS9902 had higher expression for those genes at daytime. The two cyanobacteria hosted distinct bacterial communities with clear separate substrate utilization niches to reduce competition. Light-dark partitioning of nutrient acquisition among the dominant bacterial groups likely contributed to the dynamic balance for community coexistence. Moreover, particle-attached (PA) bacteria in RS9902 largely expressed glycoside hydrolases to hydrolyze complex carbohydrate compounds, while free-living (FL) bacteria priorly assimilated soluble, diffusible molecules. Spatial partitioning of nutrient acquisition between PA and FL bacteria implied that location initially influenced metabolic features of host associated bacteria. Our results advance knowledge on light-dark regulated metabolic activities of diazotrophic and non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria, and provide new insights into the coexisting strategies of different bacterial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Youping Zhou
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China..
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China..
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Jesus JG, Máguas C, Dias R, Nunes M, Pascoal P, Pereira M, Trindade H. What If Root Nodules Are a Guesthouse for a Microbiome? The Case Study of Acacia longifolia. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1168. [PMID: 37759568 PMCID: PMC10525506 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Acacia longifolia is one of the most aggressive invaders worldwide whose invasion is potentiated after a fire, a common perturbation in Mediterranean climates. As a legume, this species establishes symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria inside root nodules; however, the overall microbial diversity is still unclear. In this study, we addressed root nodules' structure and biodiversity through histology and Next-Generation Sequencing, targeting 16S and 25S-28S rDNA genes for bacteria and fungi, respectively. We wanted to evaluate the effect of fire in root nodules from 1-year-old saplings, by comparing unburnt and burnt sites. We found that although having the same general structure, after a fire event, nodules had a higher number of infected cells and greater starch accumulation. Starch accumulated in uninfected cells can be a possible carbon source for the microbiota. Regarding diversity, Bradyrhizobium was dominant in both sites (ca. 77%), suggesting it is the preferential partner, followed by Tardiphaga (ca. 9%), a non-rhizobial Alphaproteobacteria, and Synechococcus, a cyanobacteria (ca. 5%). However, at the burnt site, additional N-fixing bacteria were included in the top 10 genera, highlighting the importance of this process. Major differences were found in the mycobiome, which was diverse in both sites and included genera mostly described as plant endophytes. Coniochaeta was dominant in nodules from the burnt site (69%), suggesting its role as a facilitator of symbiotic associations. We highlight the presence of a large bacterial and fungal community in nodules, suggesting nodulation is not restricted to nitrogen fixation. Thus, this microbiome can be involved in facilitating A. longifolia invasive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana G. Jesus
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.G.J.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.G.J.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Ricardo Dias
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.G.J.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica Nunes
- Centro de Testes de Ciências, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Pedro Pascoal
- Centro de Testes de Ciências, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcelo Pereira
- Centro de Testes de Ciências, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Helena Trindade
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.G.J.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
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5
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Masuda T, Inomura K, Gao M, Armin G, Kotabová E, Bernát G, Lawrenz-Kendrick E, Lukeš M, Bečková M, Steinbach G, Komenda J, Prášil O. The balance between photosynthesis and respiration explains the niche differentiation between Crocosphaera and Cyanothece. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:58-65. [PMID: 36514336 PMCID: PMC9732122 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocosphaera and Cyanothece are both unicellular, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria that prefer different environments. Whereas Crocosphaera mainly lives in nutrient-deplete, open oceans, Cyanothece is more common in coastal, nutrient-rich regions. Despite their physiological similarities, the factors separating their niches remain elusive. Here we performed physiological experiments on clone cultures and expand upon a simple ecological model to show that their different niches can be sufficiently explained by the observed differences in their photosynthetic capacities and rates of carbon (C) consumption. Our experiments revealed that Cyanothece has overall higher photosynthesis and respiration rates than Crocosphaera. A simple growth model of these microorganisms suggests that C storage and consumption are previously under-appreciated factors when evaluating the occupation of niches by different marine nitrogen fixers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Masuda
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic,Corresponding authors.
| | - Keisuke Inomura
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Meng Gao
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Gabrielle Armin
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Bernát
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic,Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Tihany, Hungary
| | - Evelyn Lawrenz-Kendrick
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lukeš
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bečková
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Steinbach
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic,Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic,Corresponding authors.
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6
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Dreher TW, Davis EW, Wilhelm FM, Burnet SH, Mueller RS. Genome sequence of freshwater nontoxigenic Limnoraphis associated with microcystin-producing blooms. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 118:102309. [PMID: 36195416 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A sample from a 2019 cyanobacterial bloom in a freshwater reservoir in eastern Oregon, USA, was used to produce a metagenome from which the complete, circular 7.3 Mbp genome of Limnoraphis sp. WC205 was assembled. The Limnoraphis sp. WC205 genome contains gas vesicle genes, genes for N2-fixation and genes for both phycocyanin- and phycoerythrin-containing phycobilisomes. Limnoraphis was present in Willow Creek Reservoir throughout the summer and fall, coexisting with various other cyanobacteria in blooms that were associated with microcystin. The absence of cyanotoxin genes from the Limnoraphis sp. WC205 genome showed this cyanobacterium to be non-toxigenic, although it is predicted to produce cyanobactins closely related to Microcystis aeruginosa microcyclamides. DNA sequence corresponding to the Microcystis mcyG gene identified Microcystis as the microcystin producer in this lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo W Dreher
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States of America.
| | - Edward W Davis
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States of America
| | - Frank M Wilhelm
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Sarah H Burnet
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Ryan S Mueller
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States of America
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7
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Koch M, Noonan AJC, Qiu Y, Dofher K, Kieft B, Mottahedeh S, Shastri M, Hallam SJ. The survivor strain: isolation and characterization of Phormidium yuhuli AB48, a filamentous phototactic cyanobacterium with biotechnological potential. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:932695. [PMID: 36046667 PMCID: PMC9420970 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.932695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their recognized potential, current applications of cyanobacteria as microbial cell factories remain in early stages of development. This is partly due to the fact that engineered strains are often difficult to grow at scale. This technical challenge contrasts with the dense and highly productive cyanobacteria populations thriving in many natural environments. It has been proposed that the selection of strains pre-adapted for growth in industrial photobioreactors could enable more productive cultivation outcomes. Here, we described the initial morphological, physiological, and genomic characterization of Phormidium yuhuli AB48 isolated from an industrial photobioreactor environment. P. yuhuli AB48 is a filamentous phototactic cyanobacterium with a growth rate comparable to Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The isolate forms dense biofilms under high salinity and alkaline conditions and manifests a similar nutrient profile to Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina). We sequenced, assembled, and analyzed the P. yuhuli AB48 genome, the first closed circular isolate reference genome for a member of the Phormidium genus. We then used cultivation experiments in combination with proteomics and metabolomics to investigate growth characteristics and phenotypes related to industrial scale cultivation, including nitrogen and carbon utilization, salinity, and pH acclimation, as well as antibiotic resistance. These analyses provide insight into the biological mechanisms behind the desirable growth properties manifested by P. yuhuli AB48 and position it as a promising microbial cell factory for industrial-scale bioproduction[221, 1631].
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Koch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Avery J. C. Noonan
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- ECOSCOPE Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yilin Qiu
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kalen Dofher
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brandon Kieft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Steven J. Hallam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- ECOSCOPE Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Steven J. Hallam,
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8
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Limnospira fusiformis harbors dinitrogenase reductase (nifH)-like genes, but does not show N2 fixation activity. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Li W, Yang M, Wang B, Liu CQ. Regulation strategy for nutrient-dependent carbon and nitrogen stoichiometric homeostasis in freshwater phytoplankton. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153797. [PMID: 35150673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stoichiometric homeostasis plays an important role in aquatic ecosystems. Their C:N ratio is a result of cellular metabolic balance, and the relevant regulatory strategy for its plasticity is still unclear. Therefore, a field survey of seven reservoirs in Tianjin, North China, was conducted to understand variations in phytoplankton C:N ratios, and a laboratory culture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was performed to understand the relevant regulation strategy for cellular C-N stoichiometric homeostasis under different C and N availability by using transcriptome sequencing and Nano SIMS and C stable isotope analyses. The results indicated that CO2 limitation had no significant effect on the phytoplankton C:N ratio in either scene, whereas limitation of dissolved inorganic N induced a 35% higher ratio in the field and a 138% higher ratio in the laboratory. Under CO2 limitation, algal CO2-concentrating mechanisms were operated to ensure a C supply, and coupled C-N molecular regulation remained the cellular C:N ratio stable. Under nitrate limitation, differentially expressed gene-regulated intensities increase enormously, and their increasing proportion was comparable to that of the algal C:N ratio; cellular metabolism was reorganized to form a "subhealthy" C-N stoichiometric state with high C:N ratios. In addition, the N transport system had a specific role under CO2 and nitrate limitations. Our study implies that algal stoichiometric homeostasis depends on the involved limitation element and will help to deepen the understanding of C-N stoichiometric homeostasis in freshwater phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhu Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Meiling Yang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Baoli Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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10
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When being flexible matters: Ecological underpinnings for the evolution of collective flexibility and task allocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116066119. [PMID: 35486699 PMCID: PMC9170069 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116066119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A central problem in evolutionary biology is explaining variation in the organization of task allocation across collective systems. Why do human cells irreversibly adopt a task during development (e.g., kidney vs. liver cell), while sponge cells switch between different cell types? And why have only some ant species evolved specialized castes of workers for particular tasks? Although it seems reasonable to suppose that such differences reflect, at least partially, the different ecological pressures that systems face, there is no general understanding of how a system’s dynamic environment shapes its task allocation. To this end, we develop a general mathematical framework that reveals how simple ecological considerations could potentially explain cross-system variation in task allocation—including in flexibility, specialization, and (in)activity. Task allocation is a central feature of collective organization. Living collective systems, such as multicellular organisms or social insect colonies, have evolved diverse ways to allocate individuals to different tasks, ranging from rigid, inflexible task allocation that is not adjusted to changing circumstances to more fluid, flexible task allocation that is rapidly adjusted to the external environment. While the mechanisms underlying task allocation have been intensely studied, it remains poorly understood whether differences in the flexibility of task allocation can be viewed as adaptive responses to different ecological contexts—for example, different degrees of temporal variability. Motivated by this question, we develop an analytically tractable mathematical framework to explore the evolution of task allocation in dynamic environments. We find that collective flexibility is not necessarily always adaptive, and fails to evolve in environments that change too slowly (relative to how long tasks can be left unattended) or too quickly (relative to how rapidly task allocation can be adjusted). We further employ the framework to investigate how environmental variability impacts the internal organization of task allocation, which allows us to propose adaptive explanations for some puzzling empirical observations, such as seemingly unnecessary task switching under constant environmental conditions, apparent task specialization without efficiency benefits, and high levels of individual inactivity. Altogether, this work provides a general framework for probing the evolved diversity of task allocation strategies in nature and reinforces the idea that considering a system’s ecology is crucial to explaining its collective organization.
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11
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Almela P, Velázquez D, Rico E, Justel A, Quesada A. Marine Vertebrates Impact the Bacterial Community Composition and Food Webs of Antarctic Microbial Mats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841175. [PMID: 35464973 PMCID: PMC9023888 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of marine vertebrates represents an input of nutrients for Antarctic terrestrial biota, with relevant consequences for the entire ecosystem. Even though microbial mats assemble most of the biological diversity of the non-marine Antarctica, the effects of the local macrofauna on these microecosystems remain understudied. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 13C and 15N stable isotopes, and by characterizing the P and N-derived nutrient levels, we evaluated the effects of penguins and other marine vertebrates on four microbial mats located along the Antarctic Peninsula. Our results show that P concentrations, C/N and N/P ratios, and δ15N values of "penguin-impacted" microbial mats were significantly higher than values obtained for "macrofauna-free" sample. Nutrients derived from penguin colonies and other marine vertebrates altered the trophic interactions of communities within microbial mats, as well as the relative abundance and trophic position of meiofaunal groups. Twenty-nine bacterial families from eight different phyla significantly changed with the presence of penguins, with inorganic nitrogen (NH4 + and NO3 -) and δ15N appearing as key factors in driving bacterial community composition. An apparent change in richness, diversity, and dominance of prokaryotes was also related to penguin-derived nutrients, affecting N utilization strategies of microbial mats and relating oligotrophic systems to communities with a higher metabolic versatility. The interdisciplinary approach of this study makes these results advance our understanding of interactions and composition of communities inhabiting microbial mats from Antarctica, revealing how they are deeply associated with marine animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Almela
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Velázquez
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenio Rico
- Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Justel
- UC3M-Santander Big Data Institute (IBiDat), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Abstract
Arid ecosystems cover ∼40% of the Earth's terrestrial surface and store a high proportion of the global nitrogen (N) pool. They are low-productivity, low-biomass, and polyextreme ecosystems, i.e., with (hyper)arid and (hyper)oligotrophic conditions and high surface UV irradiation and evapotranspiration. These polyextreme conditions severely limit the presence of macrofauna and -flora and, particularly, the growth and productivity of plant species. Therefore, it is generally recognized that much of the primary production (including N-input processes) and nutrient biogeochemical cycling (particularly N cycling) in these ecosystems are microbially mediated. Consequently, we present a comprehensive survey of the current state of knowledge of biotic and abiotic N-cycling processes of edaphic (i.e., open soil, biological soil crust, or plant-associated rhizosphere and rhizosheath) and hypo/endolithic refuge niches from drylands in general, including hot, cold, and polar desert ecosystems. We particularly focused on the microbially mediated biological nitrogen fixation, N mineralization, assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and nitrification N-input processes and the denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) N-loss processes. We note that the application of modern meta-omics and related methods has generated comprehensive data sets on the abundance, diversity, and ecology of the different N-cycling microbial guilds. However, it is worth mentioning that microbial N-cycling data from important deserts (e.g., Sahara) and quantitative rate data on N transformation processes from various desert niches are lacking or sparse. Filling this knowledge gap is particularly important, as climate change models often lack data on microbial activity and environmental microbial N-cycling communities can be key actors of climate change by producing or consuming nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas.
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13
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Christensen VG, Olds HT, Norland J, Khan E. Phytoplankton community interactions and cyanotoxin mixtures in three recurring surface blooms within one lake. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128142. [PMID: 35042050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can produce numerous secondary metabolites (cyanotoxins) with various toxicities, yet data on cyanotoxins in many lakes are limited. Moreover, little research is available on complex relations among cyanobacteria that produce toxins. Therefore, we studied cyanobacteria and 19 cyanotoxins at three sites with recurring blooms in Kabetogama Lake (USA). Seven of 19 toxins were detected in various combinations. Anabaenopeptin A and B were detected in every sample. Microcystin-YR was detected more frequently than microcystin-LR, unlike other lakes in the region. Microcystin-YR concentrations, however, generally were low; two samples exceeded drinking water guidelines and no samples exceeded recreational guidelines. Anabaenopeptins correlated with six cyanobacterial taxa, most of which lack available literature on peptide production. The potential toxin producing cyanobacteria, Microcystis, was significantly correlated to microcystin-YR. Pseudanabaena sp. and Synechococcus sp. had strong negative correlations with several toxins that may indicate competition or stress between organisms. Non-metric multidimensional scaling identified three cyanobacterial pairs that may reflect symbiotic or antagonistic relations. This study highlights interactions among cyanobacteria and multiple cyanotoxins and the methods used may be useful for uncovering additional patterns in cyanobacteria communities in other systems, leading to further understanding of how those interactions lead to toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Christensen
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 2280 Woodale Dr., Mounds View , MN, USA; North Dakota State University, Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, 1300 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Hayley T Olds
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 2280 Woodale Dr., Mounds View , MN, USA
| | - Jack Norland
- North Dakota State University, Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, 1300 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Eakalak Khan
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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14
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Influence of Mo and Fe on Photosynthetic and Nitrogenase Activities of Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria under Nitrogen Starvation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050904. [PMID: 35269526 PMCID: PMC8909559 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of cyanobacteria to perform a variety of distinct roles vital for the biosphere, including nutrient cycling and environmental detoxification, drives interest in studying their biodiversity. Increasing soil erosion and the overuse of chemical fertilizers are global problems in developed countries. The option might be to switch to organic farming, which entails largely the use of biofertilisers. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic, photosynthetic organisms with considerable potential, within agrobiotechnology, to produce biofertilisers. They contribute significantly to plant drought resistance and nitrogen enrichment in the soil. This study sought, isolated, and investigated nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial strains in rice fields, and evaluated the effect of Mo and Fe on photosynthetic and nitrogenase activities under nitrogen starvation. Cyanobacterial isolates, isolated from rice paddies in Kazakhstan, were identified as Trichormus variabilis K-31 (MZ079356), Cylindrospermum badium J-8 (MZ079357), Nostoc sp. J-14 (MZ079360), Oscillatoria brevis SH-12 (MZ090011), and Tolypothrix tenuis J-1 (MZ079361). The study of the influence of various concentrations of Mo and Fe on photosynthetic and nitrogenase activities under conditions of nitrogen starvation revealed the optimal concentrations of metals that have a stimulating effect on the studied parameters.
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15
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Wu S, Yu K, Li L, Wang L, Liang W. Enhancement of exopolysaccharides production and reactive oxygen species level of Nostoc flagelliforme in response to dehydration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34300-34308. [PMID: 33646551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nostoc flagelliforme is a remarkable drought-resistant terrestrial cyanobacterium whose exopolysaccharides (EPS) have been found to exert important physiological and ecological functions, and the EPS are known to improve soil physicochemical properties. In this study, we used physiological and molecular methods to investigate the influences of three moisture loss levels on EPS production and the antioxidant system in N. flagelliforme. The aim was to reveal the EPS production mechanism involved in the gene differential expression and antioxidant system of N. flagelliforme in response to drought. Our results showed that EPS contents increased by 13% and 22% after 6-h and 48-h dehydration (6HAD and 48HAD) compared with 4-h rehydration (4HAR), respectively. The same trends were also detected for most EPS synthesis genes, especially glycosyltransferases. Furthermore, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in N. flagelliforme were generally higher at 6HAD and 48HAD than at 4HAR. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were restricted in N. flagelliforme under 6HAD and 48HAD compared with 4HAR, but the opposite result was found in catalase (CAT) activity. These results provide a new foundation for understanding the mechanism of EPS accumulation in N. flagelliforme in response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Kaiqiang Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Physical Education, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, 756000, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Wenyu Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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16
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El-Khaled YC, Nafeh R, Roth F, Rädecker N, Karcher DB, Jones BH, Voolstra CR, Wild C. High plasticity of nitrogen fixation and denitrification of common coral reef substrates in response to nitrate availability. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112430. [PMID: 34000709 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen cycling in coral reefs may be affected by nutrient availability, but knowledge about concentration-dependent thresholds that modulate dinitrogen fixation and denitrification is missing. We determined the effects of different nitrate concentrations (ambient, 1, 5, 10 μM nitrate addition) on both processes under two light scenarios (i.e., light and dark) using a combined acetylene assay for two common benthic reef substrates, i.e., turf algae and coral rubble. For both substrates, dinitrogen fixation rates peaked at 5 μM nitrate addition in light, whereas denitrification was highest at 10 μM nitrate addition in the dark. At 10 μm nitrate addition in the dark, a near-complete collapse of dinitrogen fixation concurrent with a 76-fold increase in denitrification observed for coral rubble, suggesting potential threshold responses linked to the nutritional state of the community. We conclude that dynamic nitrogen cycling activity may help stabilise nitrogen availability in microbial communities associated with coral reef substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf C El-Khaled
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Rassil Nafeh
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Florian Roth
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23995 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nils Rädecker
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23995 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denis B Karcher
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, ACT 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Burton H Jones
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23995 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian R Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23995 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian Wild
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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17
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Li M, Cheng L, Tang J, Daroch M. Molecular Components of Nitrogen Fixation Gene Cluster and Associated Enzymatic Activities of Non-Heterocystous Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Thermoleptolyngbya sp. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:640. [PMID: 34209262 PMCID: PMC8307165 DOI: 10.3390/life11070640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoleptolyngbya is a genus of non-heterocystous cyanobacteria that are typical inhabitants of hot spring microbial mats. These filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation. In this study, we examined the genome sequences of five publicly available Thermoleptolyngbya strains to explore their nitrogen fixation gene cluster. Analysis of the nitrogen-fixation clusters in these extremophilic strains revealed that the cluster is located in a single locus in Thermoleptolyngbyace. The average nucleotide and amino acid identities of the nitrogen-fixation cluster combined with phylogenetic reconstructions support that nitrogen fixation genes in Thermoleptolyngbyaceae are closely related to one another but also heterogeneous within the genus. The strains from Asia, and China more specifically, generate a separate clade within the genus. Among these strains Thermoleptolyngbya sp. PKUAC-SCTB121 has been selected for experimental validation of clade's nitrogen fixation capacity. The acetylene reduction experiments of that strain shown that the strain can reduce acetylene to ethylene, indicating a fully functional nitrogenase. The activity of nitrogenase has been tested using different gas compositions across 72 h and exhibited a two-phase trend, high nitrogenase activity at the beginning of the assay that slowed down in the second phase of the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Rd., Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Lei Cheng
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Rd., Shenzhen 518055, China;
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18
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Abstract
Cyanophages are viruses that target cyanobacteria and directly control their abundance via viral lysis. Cyanobacteria are known to cause large blooms in water bodies, substantially contributing to oxygen depletion in bottom waters resulting in areas called dead zones. Up to 20% of prokaryotic organisms in the oceans are estimated to die every day due to viral infection and lysis. Viruses can therefore alter microbial diversity, community structure, and biogeochemical processes driven by these organisms. Cyanophages are viruses that infect and lyse cyanobacterial cells, adding bioavailable carbon and nutrients into the environment. Cyanobacteria are photosynthesizing bacteria, with some species capable of N2 fixation, which are known to form large blooms as well as resistant resting cells known as akinetes. Here, we investigated cyanophage diversity and community structure plus cyanobacteria in dead zone sediments. We sampled surface sediments and sequenced DNA and RNA, along an oxygen gradient—representing oxic, hypoxic, and anoxic conditions—in one of the world’s largest dead zones located in the Baltic Sea. Cyanophages were detected at all stations and, based on partial genome contigs, had a higher alpha diversity and different beta diversity in the hypoxic-anoxic sediments, suggesting that cyanobacteria in dead zone sediments and/or environmental conditions select for specific cyanophages. Some of these cyanophages can infect cyanobacteria with potential consequences for gene expression related to their photosystem and phosphate regulation. Top cyanobacterial genera detected in the anoxic sediment included Dolichospermum/Anabaena, Synechococcus, and Cyanobium. RNA transcripts classified to cyanobacteria were associated with numerous pathways, including anaerobic carbon metabolism and N2 fixation. Cyanobacterial blooms are known to fuel oxygen-depleted ecosystems with phosphorus (so-called internal loading), and our cyanophage data indicate the potential for viral lysis of cyanobacteria which might explain the high nutrient turnover in these environments. IMPORTANCE Cyanophages are viruses that target cyanobacteria and directly control their abundance via viral lysis. Cyanobacteria are known to cause large blooms in water bodies, substantially contributing to oxygen depletion in bottom waters resulting in areas called dead zones. Our knowledge of cyanophages in dead zones is very scarce, and so far, no studies have assembled partial cyanophage genomes and investigated their associated cyanobacteria in these dark and anoxic sediments. Here, we present the first study using DNA and RNA sequencing to investigate in situ diversity of cyanophages and cyanobacteria in dead zones. Our study shows that dead zone sediments contain different cyanophages compared to oxic sediments and suggest that these viruses are able to affect cyanobacterial photosystem and phosphate regulation. Furthermore, cyanophage-controlled lysis of cyanobacteria might also increase the turnover of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen in these oxygen-free environments at the bottom of the sea.
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19
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Rabouille S, Campbell DA, Masuda T, Zavřel T, Bernát G, Polerecky L, Halsey K, Eichner M, Kotabová E, Stephan S, Lukeš M, Claquin P, Bonomi-Barufi J, Lombardi AT, Červený J, Suggett DJ, Giordano M, Kromkamp JC, Prášil O. Electron & Biomass Dynamics of Cyanothece Under Interacting Nitrogen & Carbon Limitations. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617802. [PMID: 33897635 PMCID: PMC8063122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine diazotrophs are a diverse group with key roles in biogeochemical fluxes linked to primary productivity. The unicellular, diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece is widely found in coastal, subtropical oceans. We analyze the consequences of diazotrophy on growth efficiency, compared to NO3–-supported growth in Cyanothece, to understand how cells cope with N2-fixation when they also have to face carbon limitation, which may transiently affect populations in coastal environments or during blooms of phytoplankton communities. When grown in obligate diazotrophy, cells face the double burden of a more ATP-demanding N-acquisition mode and additional metabolic losses imposed by the transient storage of reducing potential as carbohydrate, compared to a hypothetical N2 assimilation directly driven by photosynthetic electron transport. Further, this energetic burden imposed by N2-fixation could not be alleviated, despite the high irradiance level within the cultures, because photosynthesis was limited by the availability of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and possibly by a constrained capacity for carbon storage. DIC limitation exacerbates the costs on growth imposed by nitrogen fixation. Therefore, the competitive efficiency of diazotrophs could be hindered in areas with insufficient renewal of dissolved gases and/or with intense phytoplankton biomass that both decrease available light energy and draw the DIC level down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rabouille
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LOMIC, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Douglas A Campbell
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Takako Masuda
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Zavřel
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gábor Bernát
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3. 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Lubos Polerecky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kimberly Halsey
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Meri Eichner
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Susanne Stephan
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lukeš
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Pascal Claquin
- UMR BOREA (CNRS 8067), MNHN, IRD (207), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - José Bonomi-Barufi
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czechia
| | - David J Suggett
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mario Giordano
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, UniversitaÌ Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacco C Kromkamp
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
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20
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Microalgae, soil and plants: A critical review of microalgae as renewable resources for agriculture. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Lighting Effects on the Development and Diversity of Photosynthetic Biofilm Communities in Carlsbad Cavern, New Mexico. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02695-20. [PMID: 33452019 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02695-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic cave communities ("lampenflora") proliferate in Carlsbad Cavern and other show caves worldwide due to artificial lighting. These biofilms mar the esthetics and can degrade underlying cave surfaces. The National Park Service recently modernized the lighting in Carlsbad Cavern to a light-emitting diode (LED) system that allows adjustment of the color temperature and intensity. We hypothesized that lowering the color temperature would reduce photopigment development. We therefore assessed lampenflora responses to changes in lighting by monitoring photosynthetic communities over the course of a year. We measured photopigments using reflected-light spectrophotometric observations and analyzed microbial community composition with 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Reflected-light spectrophotometry revealed that photosynthetic biofilm development is affected by lighting intensity, color temperature, substrate type, and cleaning of the substrate. Gene sequencing showed that the most abundant phototrophs were Cyanobacteria and members of the algal phyla Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta At the end of the study, visible growth of lampenflora was seen at all sites. At sites that had no established biofilm at the start of the study period, Cyanobacteria became abundant and outpaced an increase in eukaryotic algae. Microbial diversity also increased over time at these sites, suggesting a possible pattern of early colonization and succession. Bacterial community structure showed significant effects of all variables: color temperature, light intensity, substrate type, site, and previous cleaning of the substrate. These findings provide fundamental information that can inform management practices; they suggest that altering lighting conditions alone may be insufficient to prevent lampenflora growth.IMPORTANCE Artificial lighting in caves visited by tourists ("show caves") can stimulate photosynthetic algae and cyanobacteria, called "lampenflora," which are unsightly and damage speleothems and other cave surfaces. The most common mitigation strategy employs bleach, but altering intensities and wavelengths of light might be effective and less harsh. Carlsbad Cavern in New Mexico, a U.S. National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site, has visible lampenflora despite adjustment of LED lamps to decrease the energetic blue light. This study characterized the lampenflora communities and tested the effects of color temperature, light intensity, rock or sediment texture, and time on lampenflora development. DNA amplicon sequence data show a variety of algae and cyanobacteria and also heterotrophic bacteria. This study reveals microbial dynamics during colonization of artificially lit surfaces and indicates that while lowering the color temperature may have an effect, management of lampenflora will likely require additional chemical or UV treatment.
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22
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Muturi SM, Muthui LW, Njogu PM, Onguso JM, Wachira FN, Opiyo SO, Pelle R. Metagenomics survey unravels diversity of biogas microbiomes with potential to enhance productivity in Kenya. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244755. [PMID: 33395690 PMCID: PMC7781671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The obstacle to optimal utilization of biogas technology is poor understanding of biogas microbiomes diversities over a wide geographical coverage. We performed random shotgun sequencing on twelve environmental samples. Randomized complete block design was utilized to assign the twelve treatments to four blocks, within eastern and central regions of Kenya. We obtained 42 million paired-end reads that were annotated against sixteen reference databases using two ENVO ontologies, prior to β-diversity studies. We identified 37 phyla, 65 classes and 132 orders. Bacteria dominated and comprised 28 phyla, 42 classes and 92 orders, conveying substrate's versatility in the treatments. Though, Fungi and Archaea comprised 5 phyla, the Fungi were richer; suggesting the importance of hydrolysis and fermentation in biogas production. High β-diversity within the taxa was largely linked to communities' metabolic capabilities. Clostridiales and Bacteroidales, the most prevalent guilds, metabolize organic macromolecules. The identified Cytophagales, Alteromonadales, Flavobacteriales, Fusobacteriales, Deferribacterales, Elusimicrobiales, Chlamydiales, Synergistales to mention but few, also catabolize macromolecules into smaller substrates to conserve energy. Furthermore, δ-Proteobacteria, Gloeobacteria and Clostridia affiliates syntrophically regulate PH2 and reduce metal to provide reducing equivalents. Methanomicrobiales and other Methanomicrobia species were the most prevalence Archaea, converting formate, CO2(g), acetate and methylated substrates into CH4(g). Thermococci, Thermoplasmata and Thermoprotei were among the sulfur and other metal reducing Archaea that contributed to redox balancing and other metabolism within treatments. Eukaryotes, mainly fungi were the least abundant guild, comprising largely Ascomycota and Basidiomycota species. Chytridiomycetes, Blastocladiomycetes and Mortierellomycetes were among the rare species, suggesting their metabolic and substrates limitations. Generally, we observed that environmental and treatment perturbations influenced communities' abundance, β-diversity and reactor performance largely through stochastic effect. Understanding diversity of biogas microbiomes over wide environmental variables and its' productivity provided insights into better management strategies that ameliorate biochemical limitations to effective biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mwangangi Muturi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
- Institute for Bioteschnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - Lucy Wangui Muthui
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa—International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Mwangi Njogu
- Institute for Energy and Environmental Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - Justus Mong’are Onguso
- Institute for Bioteschnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | | | - Stephen Obol Opiyo
- OARDC, Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- The University of Sacread Heart, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Roger Pelle
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa—International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
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23
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Du Y, Yang W, Ding X, Zhang J, Zheng Z, Zhu J. High heterogeneity of bacterioplankton community shaped by spatially structured environmental factors in West Lake, a typical urban lake in eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42283-42293. [PMID: 32319051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the bacterioplankton spatial distribution patterns and its determinants is a central topic in ecological research. However, research on the distribution patterns of bacterioplankton community composition (BCC) within a small-sized, highly dynamic freshwater lake remains unclear. In this study, we collected surface water samples from West Lake to investigate the spatiotemporal variation of BCC by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Clear spatial heterogeneity in BCC was identified both in summer and winter. The relatively high abundant taxa exhibited greater correlations with environmental factors and other abundant species in summer than in winter. Variation partitioning analysis was used to unravel the relative importance of environmental factors and spatial processes and further explore the underlying mechanism of BCC successions. Our results showed the predominant shared effect of environmental and spatial factors on BCC in summer (68.41%) and winter (57.37%), indicating that spatially structured environmental factors were the key determinants of structuring BCC spatial heterogeneity in West Lake in the two seasons. Furthermore, environmental factors alone explained a higher proportion of the variation in summer whereas spatial factors explained a higher proportion in winter. These divergences may be related to seasonal environmental changes and anthropogenic disturbances. Our study provided knowledge on BCC spatial heterogeneity in small freshwater habitats and their underlying determinants in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Du
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Xiuying Ding
- Hangzhou West Lake Administration, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Jinjie Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Zhongming Zheng
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Jinyong Zhu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China.
- , Ningbo, China.
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Understanding the Differences in the Growth and Toxin Production of Anatoxin-Producing Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi Cultured with Inorganic and Organic N Sources from a New Perspective: Carbon/Nitrogen Metabolic Balance. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110724. [PMID: 33228063 PMCID: PMC7699347 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanotoxins are the underlying cause of the threat that globally pervasive Cyanobacteria Harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) pose to humans. Major attention has been focused on the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystins (MCs); however, there is a dearth of studies on cyanobacterial neurotoxin anatoxins. In this study, we explored how an anatoxin-producing Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi strain responded to culture with inorganic and organic nitrogen sources in terms of growth and anatoxins production. The results of our study revealed that ʟ- alanine could greatly boost cell growth, and was associated with the highest cell productivity, while urea significantly stimulated anatoxin production with the maximum anatoxin yield reaching 25.86 μg/mg dry weight, which was 1.56-fold higher than that in the control group (BG11). To further understand whether the carbon/nitrogen balance in C. issatschenkoi would affect anatoxin production, we explored growth and toxin production in response to different carbon/nitrogen ratios (C/N). Anatoxin production was mildly promoted when the C/N ratio was within low range, and significantly inhibited when the C/N ratio was within high range, showing approximately a three-fold difference. Furthermore, the transcriptional profile revealed that anaC gene expression was significantly up-regulated over 2–24 h when the C/N ratio was increased, and was significantly down-regulated after 96 h. Overall, our results further enriched the evidence that urea can stimulate cyanotoxin production, and ʟ-alanine could boost C. issatschenkoi proliferation, thus providing information for better management of aquatic systems. Moreover, by focusing on the intracellular C/N metabolic balance, this study explained the anatoxin production dynamics in C. issatschenkoi in response to different N sources.
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Madigan MT, Kempher ML, Bender KS, Jung DO, Sattley WM, Lindemann SR, Konopka AE, Dohnalkova AC, Fredrickson JK. A green sulfur bacterium from epsomitic Hot Lake, Washington, USA. Can J Microbiol 2020; 67:332-341. [PMID: 33136441 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hot Lake is a small heliothermal and hypersaline lake in far north-central Washington State (USA) and is limnologically unusual because MgSO4 rather than NaCl is the dominant salt. In late summer, the Hot Lake metalimnion becomes distinctly green from blooms of planktonic phototrophs. In a study undertaken over 60 years ago, these blooms were predicted to include green sulfur bacteria, but no cultures were obtained. We sampled Hot Lake and established enrichment cultures for phototrophic sulfur bacteria in MgSO4-rich sulfidic media. Most enrichments turned green or red within 2 weeks, and from green-colored enrichments, pure cultures of a lobed green sulfur bacterium (phylum Chlorobi) were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses showed the organism to be a species of the prosthecate green sulfur bacterium Prosthecochloris. Cultures of this Hot Lake phototroph were halophilic and tolerated high levels of sulfide and MgSO4. In addition, unlike all recognized species of Prosthecochloris, the Hot Lake isolates grew at temperatures up to 45 °C, indicating an adaptation to the warm summer temperatures of the lake. Photoautotrophy by Hot Lake green sulfur bacteria may contribute dissolved organic matter to anoxic zones of the lake, and their diazotrophic capacity may provide a key source of bioavailable nitrogen, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Madigan
- Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Megan L Kempher
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Kelly S Bender
- Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Deborah O Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - W Matthew Sattley
- Division of Natural Sciences, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, IN 46953, USA
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Allan E Konopka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Abstract
As the only enzyme currently known to reduce dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3), nitrogenase is of significant interest for bio-inspired catalyst design and for new biotechnologies aiming to produce NH3 from N2. In order to reduce N2, nitrogenase must also hydrolyze at least 16 equivalents of adenosine triphosphate (MgATP), representing the consumption of a significant quantity of energy available to biological systems. Here, we review natural and engineered electron transfer pathways to nitrogenase, including strategies to redirect or redistribute electron flow in vivo towards NH3 production. Further, we also review strategies to artificially reduce nitrogenase in vitro, where MgATP hydrolysis is necessary for turnover, in addition to strategies that are capable of bypassing the requirement of MgATP hydrolysis to achieve MgATP-independent N2 reduction.
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Harper CJ, Taylor EL, Krings M. Filamentous cyanobacteria preserved in masses of fungal hyphae from the Triassic of Antarctica. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8660. [PMID: 32175190 PMCID: PMC7058104 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Permineralized peat from the central Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica has provided a wealth of information on plant and fungal diversity in Middle Triassic high-latitude forest paleoecosystems; however, there are no reports as yet of algae or cyanobacteria. The first record of a fossil filamentous cyanobacterium in this peat consists of wide, uniseriate trichomes composed of discoid cells up to 25 µm wide, and enveloped in a distinct sheath. Filament morphology, structurally preserved by permineralization and mineral replacement, corresponds to the fossil genus Palaeo-lyngbya, a predominantly Precambrian equivalent of the extant Lyngbya sensu lato (Oscillatoriaceae, Oscillatoriales). Specimens occur exclusively in masses of interwoven hyphae produced by the fungus Endochaetophora antarctica, suggesting that a special micro-environmental setting was required to preserve the filaments. Whether some form of symbiotic relationship existed between the fungus and cyanobacterium remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J. Harper
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
- Botany Department, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edith L. Taylor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Michael Krings
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Jabir T, Vipindas PV, Jesmi Y, Valliyodan S, Parambath PM, Singh A, Abdulla MH. Nutrient stoichiometry (N:P) controls nitrogen fixation and distribution of diazotrophs in a tropical eutrophic estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110799. [PMID: 32056594 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation and its ecological regulation are poorly understood in the tropical estuaries, which are highly influenced by anthropogenic disturbances. In this study, we investigated the role of nutrient stoichiometry in the diversity, abundance and activity of N2-fixing bacterial community and their seasonal variations in the water column of a tropical eutrophic estuary (Cochin estuary). The N2 fixation rates in the estuary ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 nmol N2 l-1 h-1, with higher activity during post-monsoon and lower during monsoon. The rates are appeared to be primarily controlled by dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous (N:P) ratio. Clone library analysis of nitrogenase (nifH) gene revealed that the major N2 fixing phylotypes belong to Cluster I and Cluster III diazotrophs. The overall findings of this study suggest that monsoon induced seasonal changes in nutrient stoichiometry control the distribution and activity of diazotrophs in a tropical estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thajudeen Jabir
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India.
| | - Puthiya Veettil Vipindas
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Yousuf Jesmi
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India; School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Sudheesh Valliyodan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India; Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, LNG Rd, Puthuvype, Kochi, Kerala, India 682508
| | | | - Arvind Singh
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, India
| | - Mohamed Hatha Abdulla
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India.
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Pankievicz VCS, Irving TB, Maia LGS, Ané JM. Are we there yet? The long walk towards the development of efficient symbiotic associations between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and non-leguminous crops. BMC Biol 2019; 17:99. [PMID: 31796086 PMCID: PMC6889567 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential element of life, and nitrogen availability often limits crop yields. Since the Green Revolution, massive amounts of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers have been produced from atmospheric nitrogen and natural gas, threatening the sustainability of global food production and degrading the environment. There is a need for alternative means of bringing nitrogen to crops, and taking greater advantage of biological nitrogen fixation seems a logical option. Legumes are used in most cropping systems around the world because of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rhizobia. However, the world's three major cereal crops-rice, wheat, and maize-do not associate with rhizobia. In this review, we will survey how genetic approaches in rhizobia and their legume hosts allowed tremendous progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling root nodule symbioses, and how this knowledge paves the way for engineering such associations in non-legume crops. We will also discuss challenges in bringing these systems into the field and how they can be surmounted by interdisciplinary collaborations between synthetic biologists, microbiologists, plant biologists, breeders, agronomists, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas B Irving
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lucas G S Maia
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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31
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Allen JF, Thake B, Martin WF. Nitrogenase Inhibition Limited Oxygenation of Earth's Proterozoic Atmosphere. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:1022-1031. [PMID: 31447302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria produced the oxygen that began to accumulate on Earth 2.5 billion years ago, at the dawn of the Proterozoic Eon. By 2.4 billion years ago, the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) marked the onset of an atmosphere containing oxygen. The oxygen content of the atmosphere then remained low for almost 2 billion years. Why? Nitrogenase, the sole nitrogen-fixing enzyme on Earth, controls the entry of molecular nitrogen into the biosphere. Nitrogenase is inhibited in air containing more than 2% oxygen: the concentration of oxygen in the Proterozoic atmosphere. We propose that oxygen inhibition of nitrogenase limited Proterozoic global primary production. Oxygen levels increased when upright terrestrial plants isolated nitrogen fixation in soil from photosynthetic oxygen production in shoots and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Allen
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Brenda Thake
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - William F Martin
- Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Warren SD, Clair LL, Stark LR, Lewis LA, Pombubpa N, Kurbessoian T, Stajich JE, Aanderud ZT. Reproduction and Dispersal of Biological Soil Crust Organisms. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Soil microalgae and cyanobacteria: the biotechnological potential in the maintenance of soil fertility and health. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:981-998. [PMID: 31455102 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1654972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The soil microbiota plays a major role in maintaining the nutrient balance, carbon sink, and soil health. Numerous studies reported on the function of microbiota such as plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi in soil. Although microalgae and cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in soil, very less attention has been paid on the potential of these microorganisms. The indiscriminate use of various chemicals to enhance agricultural productivity led to serious consequences like structure instability, accumulation of toxic contaminants, etc., leading to an ecological imbalance between soil, plant, and microbiota. However, the significant role of microalgae and cyanobacteria in crop productivity and other potential options has been so far undermined. The intent of the present critical review is to highlight the significance of this unique group of microorganisms in terms of maintaining soil fertility and soil health. Beneficial soil ecological applications of these two groups in enhancing plant growth, establishing interrelationships among other microbes, and detoxifying chemical agents such as insecticides, herbicides, etc. through mutualistic cooperation by synthesizing enzymes and phytohormones are presented. Since recombinant technology involving genomic integration favors the development of useful traits in microalgae and cyanobacteria for their potential application in improvement of soil fertility and health, the merits and demerits of various such advanced methodologies associated in harnessing the biotechnological potential of these photosynthetic microorganisms for sustainable agriculture were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | | | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
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Patel HM, Rastogi RP, Trivedi U, Madamwar D. Cyanobacterial diversity in mat sample obtained from hypersaline desert, Rann of Kachchh. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:304. [PMID: 31355113 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rann of Kachchh (RoK) is a unique geoformation, which is exposed to dynamic environmental changes such as salinity, temperature, and nutrients throughout the year. In this study, the pooled mat sample was examined for the cyanobacterial community structure using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Taxonomic profiling was studied using amplicon sequencing that revealed the enrichment of Pseudanabaenales and Oscillatoriales by QIIME and MG-RAST, respectively. Other abundant orders were represented by Chroococcales, Nostocales, and unclassified cyanobacteria by both approaches. Nine cyanobacterial cultures were isolated from mat samples showing 90-98% similarities with available sequences in GenBank. The culture-dependent study suggested that mat was dominated by cyanobacterial orders such as Oscillatoriales-filamentous and Chroococcales-unicellular. Our results from the culture-dependent approach also indicated that despite high similarities in gene sequences, six cyanobacteria fall into the separate clade in the phylogenetic analysis that could be signs of evolution due to an extreme environment. Cultured isolates are correlated well with abundant taxa from amplicon sequencing. Further, protein profiling was done specifically for phycobiliproteins which will be helpful to elucidate their roles in light harvesting and energy transfer mechanism in the unique environment of RoK.
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35
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Physiological and proteomic analysis of Nostoc flagelliforme in response to alkaline pH shift for polysaccharide accumulation. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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A novel Ca 2+-binding protein influences photosynthetic electron transport in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:519-532. [PMID: 31034800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a potent signalling molecule that regulates many cellular processes. In cyanobacteria, Ca2+ has been linked to cell growth, stress response and photosynthesis, and to the development of specialist heterocyst cells in certain nitrogen-fixing species. Despite this, the pathways of Ca2+ signal transduction in cyanobacteria are poorly understood, and very few protein components are known. The current study describes a previously unreported Ca2+-binding protein which was called the Ca2+ Sensor EF-hand (CSE), which is conserved in filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. CSE is shown to bind Ca2+, which induces a conformational change in the protein structure. Poor growth of a strain of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 overexpressing CSE was attributed to diminished photosynthetic performance. Transcriptomics, biophysics and proteomics analyses revealed modifications in the light-harvesting phycobilisome and photosynthetic reaction centre protein complexes.
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Pernil R, Schleiff E. Metalloproteins in the Biology of Heterocysts. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:E32. [PMID: 30987221 PMCID: PMC6616624 DOI: 10.3390/life9020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic microorganisms present in almost all ecologically niches on Earth. They exist as single-cell or filamentous forms and the latter often contain specialized cells for N₂ fixation known as heterocysts. Heterocysts arise from photosynthetic active vegetative cells by multiple morphological and physiological rearrangements including the absence of O₂ evolution and CO₂ fixation. The key function of this cell type is carried out by the metalloprotein complex known as nitrogenase. Additionally, many other important processes in heterocysts also depend on metalloproteins. This leads to a high metal demand exceeding the one of other bacteria in content and concentration during heterocyst development and in mature heterocysts. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of the transition metals and metalloproteins required by heterocysts in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. It discusses the molecular, physiological, and physicochemical properties of metalloproteins involved in N₂ fixation, H₂ metabolism, electron transport chains, oxidative stress management, storage, energy metabolism, and metabolic networks in the diazotrophic filament. This provides a detailed and comprehensive picture on the heterocyst demands for Fe, Cu, Mo, Ni, Mn, V, and Zn as cofactors for metalloproteins and highlights the importance of such metalloproteins for the biology of cyanobacterial heterocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pernil
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Lu J, Zhu B, Struewing I, Xu N, Duan S. Nitrogen-phosphorus-associated metabolic activities during the development of a cyanobacterial bloom revealed by metatranscriptomics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2480. [PMID: 30792397 PMCID: PMC6385219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The efforts towards reduction of nutrient contamination of surface waters have greatly gained attention to mitigate increasing incidences of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs), but little attention has been paid on the roles and importance of cyanobacterial N2-fixation and phosphorus (P) scavenging pathways during cyanoHABs. Meta-transcriptomic analyses revealed that expressions of genes involved in N2-fixation (nifDKH) and P-scavenging were significantly upregulated during the bloom compared to pre-bloom in Harsha Lake. The activities of N2-fixation occurred during early summer after a late spring phytoplankton bloom, and were associated with high phosphorus and low nitrogen. The highly active cyanobacterial N2-fixers were dominated by Nostoc and Anabaena. Following the activities of N2-fixation and production of new nitrogen, an early summer Microcystis-dominated bloom, a shift of dominance from Nostoc and Anabaena to Microcystis and an increase of microcystin and saxitoxin occurred. By contrast, P-scavenging activities dominated also by Nostoc and Anabaena were associated with low P and the Microcystis bloom. This information can be used to aid in the understanding the impact that nitrogen and phosphorus have on the early summer CyanoHAB and the functional activities of Nostoc- and Anabaena-dominated or Microcystis-dominated communities, and aid in making management decisions related to harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrang Lu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Ning Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunshan Duan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ma J, Bei Q, Wang X, Lan P, Liu G, Lin X, Liu Q, Lin Z, Liu B, Zhang Y, Jin H, Hu T, Zhu J, Xie Z. Impacts of Mo application on biological nitrogen fixation and diazotrophic communities in a flooded rice-soil system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:686-694. [PMID: 30176479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) deficiency in the farmland of China may limit biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), however, the impact of Mo application on BNF capacities and diazotrophic communities in rice-soil systems is unclear. In this experiment, treatments in a 6.7 atom% 15N2-labelling field-based growth chamber for 74 days and treatments in a 99 atom% 15N2-labelling microcosm experiment for 40 days combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) were used to investigate the impacts of Mo application on BNF and diazotrophic communities. Our results showed that under the condition that no nitrogen (N) fertilizer was applied, Mo application (500 g sodium molybdate ha-1) significantly increased N2 fixation in a rice-Inceptisol system, from 22.3 to 53.1 kg N ha-1. Mo application significantly increased the number of nifH gene copies and the relative abundance of cyanobacteria in both growth chamber and microcosm experiments. Among cyanobacteria, the relative abundances of the most abundant genera Leptolyngbya and Microcoleus were significantly increased by Mo application. 15N2-DNA-SIP further demonstrated that Leptolyngbya and Microcoleus incorporated 15N2. Mo application greatly increased BNF in Mo-deficient paddy field (≤0.068 mg kg-1) and stimulated the growth of cyanobacteria. These results indicated that Mo application in Mo-deficient paddy field could be a useful measure to increase soil N input under no N fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xingwu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Benjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianlong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zubin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China.
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40
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Gibbons J, Gu L, Zhu H, Gibbons W, Zhou R. Identification of two genes required for heptadecane production in a N 2-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. AMB Express 2018; 8:167. [PMID: 30317393 PMCID: PMC6186262 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria photosynthetically produce long-chain hydrocarbons, which are considered as infrastructure-compatible biofuels. However, native cyanobacteria do not produce these hydrocarbons at sufficient rates or yields to warrant commercial deployment. This research sought to identify specific genes required for photosynthetic production of alkanes to enable future metabolic engineering for commercially viable production of alkanes. The two putative genes (alr5283 and alr5284) required for long-chain hydrocarbon production in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 were knocked out through a double crossover approach. The knockout mutant abolished the production of heptadecane (C17H36). The mutant is able to be complemented by a plasmid bearing the two genes along with their native promoters only. The complemented mutant restored photosynthetic production of heptadecane. This combined genetic and metabolite (alkanes) profiling approach may be broadly applicable to characterization of knockout mutants, using N2-fixing cyanobacteria as a cellular factory driven by solar energy to produce a wide range of commodity chemicals and drop-in-fuels from atmospheric gases (CO2 and N2 gas) and mineralized water.
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41
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Qiu Y, Tian S, Gu L, Hildreth M, Zhou R. Identification of surface polysaccharides in akinetes, heterocysts and vegetative cells of Anabaena cylindrica using fluorescein-labeled lectins. Arch Microbiol 2018; 201:17-25. [PMID: 30173343 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In response to environmental changes, Anabaena cylindrica differentiate three cell types: vegetative cells for photosynthesis, heterocysts for nitrogen fixation, and akinetes for stress survival. Cell-surface polysaccharides play important roles in cyanobacterial ecophysiology. In this study, specific cell-surface sugars were discovered in heterocysts, akinetes and vegetative cells of A. cylindrica using 20 fluorescein-labeled lectins. Both N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectins WGA and succinylated WGA bound specifically to the vegetative cells. Akinetes bound to three mannose-binding lectins (LCA, PSA, and ConA), and one of the galactose-binding lectins (GSL-I). Heterocyst also bound to ConA. However, the heterocysts in all4388 mutant of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, in which the putative polysaccharide export protein gene all4388 was disrupted, exhibited diminished binding to ConA. Identification of distinct cell-surface sugar helped us to understand the role of polysaccharide for each cell type. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting may be applicable in isolating each cell type for comparative "omics" studies among the three cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyan Qiu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA
| | - Shengni Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liping Gu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA
| | - Michael Hildreth
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA
| | - Ruanbao Zhou
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA.
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
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42
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Phukan T, Rai AN, Syiem MB. Dose dependent variance in UV-C radiation induced effects on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 155:171-179. [PMID: 29555235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the intention of getting an insight into the differential effect of UV-C radiation on the N2-fixing heterocystous cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg1, various aspects of carbon and nitrogen metabolism was evaluated in the organism. Exposure to different doses of UV-C (6, 12, 18 and 24 mJ/cm2) showed that among various photo-absorbing pigments, phycobiliproteins were most sensitive. Oxygen evolving complex (OEC) activity measured as net oxygen evolution rate decreased by 63% upon 24 mJ/cm2 exposure. Western blot analysis established that D1 protein of PSII was highly sensitive and its levels decreased even at a radiation dose as low as 6 mJ/cm2. In contrast, levels of the Calvin cycle enzyme RuBisCO was increased at 6 and 12 mJ/cm2 doses but the level decreased drastically (84%) at higher dose (24 mJ/cm2). The nitrogenase enzyme activity decreased at all doses but the ammonia assimilating enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) activity recorded increase at the lower doses. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation increased upon UV-C exposure. Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed damage to ultrastructure especially the thylakoid membrane organization, aggregation of dissolving phycobilisomes and loss of caboxysomes. Interestingly, sub-lethal radiation (6 and 12 mJ/cm2) dose exposures increased the growth rate in the organism when growth was measured over a period of 11 days after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Phukan
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Amar Nath Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mayashree B Syiem
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy A. Westrick
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Department of Chemistry; Wayne State University; Detroit Mich
| | - David Szlag
- Department of Chemistry; Oakland University; Rochester Mich
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44
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Tsujimoto R, Kotani H, Yokomizo K, Yamakawa H, Nonaka A, Fujita Y. Functional expression of an oxygen-labile nitrogenase in an oxygenic photosynthetic organism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7380. [PMID: 29743482 PMCID: PMC5943405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer of nitrogen fixation ability to plants, especially crops, is a promising approach to mitigate dependence on chemical nitrogen fertilizer and alleviate environmental pollution caused by nitrogen fertilizer run-off. However, the need to transfer a large number of nitrogen fixation (nif) genes and the extreme vulnerability of nitrogenase to oxygen constitute major obstacles for transfer of nitrogen-fixing ability to plants. Here we demonstrate functional expression of a cyanobacterial nitrogenase in the non-diazotrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis 6803). A 20.8-kb chromosomal fragment containing 25 nif and nif-related genes of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya boryana was integrated into a neutral genome site of Synechocystis 6803 by five-step homologous recombination together with the cnfR gene encoding the transcriptional activator of the nif genes to isolate CN1. In addition, two other transformants CN2 and CN3 carrying additional one and four genes, respectively, were isolated from CN1. Low but significant nitrogenase activity was detected in all transformants. This is the first example of nitrogenase activity detected in non-diazotrophic photosynthetic organisms. These strains provide valuable platforms to investigate unknown factors that enable nitrogen-fixing growth of non-diazotrophic photosynthetic organisms, including plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Tsujimoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kotani
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Konomi Yokomizo
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hisanori Yamakawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Aoi Nonaka
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fujita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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45
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Sackett JD, Huerta DC, Kruger BR, Hamilton-Brehm SD, Moser DP. A comparative study of prokaryotic diversity and physicochemical characteristics of Devils Hole and the Ash Meadows Fish Conservation Facility, a constructed analog. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194404. [PMID: 29543879 PMCID: PMC5854365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Devils Hole is the sole natural habitat of the critically endangered Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis). To establish a backup population, the Ash Meadows Fish Conservation Facility (AMFCF), a full-scale replica of the uppermost 6.7 m of Devils Hole, was constructed by management agencies in the mid-2010s. Despite rigorous efforts to mimic the bathymetric and physical details of the Devils Hole environment, the biogeochemistry and microbiology of the AMFCF refuge tank remain largely unaddressed. We evaluated water physicochemistry and employed Illumina DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries to evaluate planktonic and benthic bacterial and archaeal community composition within their respective physicochemical contexts in Devils Hole and AMFCF on the same day. Major ion concentrations were consistent between the two systems, but water temperature and dissolved oxygen dynamics differed. Bioavailable nitrogen (primarily nitrate) was 5x lower in AMFCF. Devils Hole and AMFCF nitrogen:phosphorus molar ratios were 107:1 and 22:1, indicative of different nutrient control mechanisms. Both sites are microbiologically diverse, with over 40 prokaryotic phyla represented at each, with 37 shared between them and nearly than half deriving from candidate divisions. The abundance and composition of predicted photosynthetic primary producers (Cyanobacteria) was markedly different between sites: Devils Hole planktonic and sediment communities were dominated by Oscillatoria spp. (13.2% mean relative abundance), which proved virtually undetectable in AMFCF. Conversely, AMFCF was dominated by a predicted heterotroph from the Verrucomicrobiaceae family (31.7%); which was comparatively rare (<2.4%) in Devils Hole. We propose that the paucity of bioavailable nitrogen in AMFCF, perhaps resulting from physical isolation from allochthonous environmental inputs, is reflected in the microbial assemblage disparity, influences biogeochemical cycling of other dissolved constituents, and may ultimately impact survivorship and recruitment of refuge populations of the Devils Hole pupfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Sackett
- Division of Earth and Ecosystems Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Desiree C. Huerta
- Division of Earth and Ecosystems Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Brittany R. Kruger
- Division of Earth and Ecosystems Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Hamilton-Brehm
- Division of Earth and Ecosystems Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Duane P. Moser
- Division of Earth and Ecosystems Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Esteves-Ferreira AA, Inaba M, Fort A, Araújo WL, Sulpice R. Nitrogen metabolism in cyanobacteria: metabolic and molecular control, growth consequences and biotechnological applications. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1446902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A. Esteves-Ferreira
- National University of Ireland – Galway, Plant Systems Biology Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Galway, Ireland
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Masami Inaba
- National University of Ireland – Galway, Plant Systems Biology Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Galway, Ireland
| | - Antoine Fort
- National University of Ireland – Galway, Plant Systems Biology Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Galway, Ireland
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- National University of Ireland – Galway, Plant Systems Biology Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Galway, Ireland
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47
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Wiltsie D, Schnetzer A, Green J, Vander Borgh M, Fensin E. Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Jordan Lake, North Carolina. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E92. [PMID: 29495289 PMCID: PMC5848192 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The eutrophication of waterways has led to a rise in cyanobacterial, harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) worldwide. The deterioration of water quality due to excess algal biomass in lakes has been well documented (e.g., water clarity, hypoxic conditions), but health risks associated with cyanotoxins remain largely unexplored in the absence of toxin information. This study is the first to document the presence of dissolved microcystin, anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, and β-N-methylamino-l-alanine in Jordan Lake, a major drinking water reservoir in North Carolina. Saxitoxin presence was not confirmed. Multiple toxins were detected at 86% of the tested sites and during 44% of the sampling events between 2014 and 2016. Although concentrations were low, continued exposure of organisms to multiple toxins raises some concerns. A combination of discrete sampling and in-situ tracking (Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking [SPATT]) revealed that microcystin and anatoxin were the most pervasive year-round. Between 2011 and 2016, summer and fall blooms were dominated by the same cyanobacterial genera, all of which are suggested producers of single or multiple cyanotoxins. The study's findings provide further evidence of the ubiquitous nature of cyanotoxins, and the challenges involved in linking CyanoHAB dynamics to specific environmental forcing factors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wiltsie
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Astrid Schnetzer
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Jason Green
- North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699, USA.
| | - Mark Vander Borgh
- North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Fensin
- North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699, USA.
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48
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Yoon KS, Nguyen NT, Tran KT, Tsuji K, Ogo S. Nitrogen Fixation Genes and Nitrogenase Activity of the Non-Heterocystous Cyanobacterium Thermoleptolyngbya sp. O-77. Microbes Environ 2017; 32:324-329. [PMID: 29176306 PMCID: PMC5745016 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are widely distributed in marine, aquatic, and terrestrial ecosystems, and play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle. In the present study, we examined the genome sequence of the thermophilic non-heterocystous N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Thermoleptolyngbya sp. O-77 (formerly known as Leptolyngbya sp. O-77) and characterized its nitrogenase activity. The genome of this cyanobacterial strain O-77 consists of a single chromosome containing a nitrogen fixation gene cluster. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the NifH amino acid sequence from strain O-77 was clustered with those from a group of mesophilic species: the highest identity was found in Leptolyngbya sp. KIOST-1 (97.9% sequence identity). The nitrogenase activity of O-77 cells was dependent on illumination, whereas a high intensity of light of 40 μmol m−2 s−1 suppressed the effects of illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Seok Yoon
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University.,Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University
| | - Nga T Nguyen
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University
| | - Kien Trung Tran
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Kohsei Tsuji
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Seiji Ogo
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University.,Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
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49
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Haque F, Banayan S, Yee J, Chiang YW. Extraction and applications of cyanotoxins and other cyanobacterial secondary metabolites. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:164-175. [PMID: 28544902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of cyanobacteria in bodies of water has caused cyanobacterial blooms, which have become an increasing cause of concern, largely due to the presence of toxic secondary metabolites (or cyanotoxins). Cyanotoxins are the toxins produced by cyanobacteria that may be harmful to surrounding wildlife. They include hepatotoxins, neurotoxins and dermatotoxins, and are classified based on the organs they affect. There are also non-toxic secondary metabolites that include chelators and UV-absorbing compounds. This paper summarizes the optimal techniques for secondary metabolite extraction and the possible useful products that can be obtained from cyanobacteria, with additional focus given to products derived from secondary metabolites. It becomes evident that the potential for their use as biocides, chelators, biofuels, biofertilizers, pharmaceuticals, food and feed, and cosmetics has not yet been comprehensively studied or extensively implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Haque
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sara Banayan
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Josephine Yee
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yi Wai Chiang
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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50
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The effect of oxygen concentration and temperature on nitrogenase activity in the heterocystous cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5402. [PMID: 28710405 PMCID: PMC5511277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocysts are differentiated cells formed by some filamentous, diazotrophic (dinitrogen-fixing) cyanobacteria. The heterocyst is the site of dinitrogen fixation providing the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase with a low-oxygen environment. The diffusion of air into the heterocyst is a compromise between the maximum influx of dinitrogen gas while oxygen is kept sufficiently low to allow nitrogenase activity. This investigation tested the hypothesis that the heterocyst is capable of controlling the influx of air. Here, the thermophilic heterocystous cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. was analysed for the effects of oxygen concentration and temperature on nitrogenase activity. Dark nitrogenase activity is directly related to aerobic respiration and was therefore used as a measure of the influx of oxygen into the heterocyst. Above 30% O2, the influx of oxygen was proportional to its external concentration. Below this concentration, the influx of oxygen was higher than expected from the external concentration. A higher or lower temperature also triggered the heterocyst to increase or decrease, respectively, dark nitrogenase activity while the external concentration of oxygen was kept constant. A higher dark nitrogenase activity requires a higher rate of respiration and therefore a higher flux of oxygen. Hence, the heterocyst of Fischerella sp. is capable of controlling the influx of air.
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