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Yang X, Zong C, Feng C, Zhang C, Smirnov A, Sun G, Shao C, Zhang L, Hou X, Liu W, Meng Y, Zhang L, Shao C, Wei L, Melino G, Shi Y. Hippo Pathway Activation in Aged Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contributes to the Dysregulation of Hepatic Inflammation in Aged Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300424. [PMID: 37544916 PMCID: PMC10520691 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is always accompanied by chronic diseases which probably attribute to long-term chronic inflammation in the aging body. Whereas, the mechanism of chronic inflammation in aging body is still obscure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of local chemotaxis to sites of inflammation and play a powerful role in immune regulation. Whether degeneration of MSCs in the aging body is associated with unbalanced inflammation is still not clear. In this study, immunosuppressive properties of aged MSCs are found to be repressed. The impaired immunosuppressive function of aged MSCs is associated with lower expression of the Hippo effector Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and its target gene signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). YAP1 regulates the transcription of STAT1 through binding with its promoter. In conclusion, a novel YAP1/STAT1 axis maintaining immunosuppressive function of MSCs is revealed and impairment of this signal pathway in aged MSCs probably resulted in higher inflammation in aged mice liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitutes for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
- Department of Experimental MedicineTORUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome00133Italy
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Chen Zong
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Chao Feng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitutes for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
- Department of Experimental MedicineTORUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome00133Italy
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710061China
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental MedicineTORUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome00133Italy
| | - Gangqi Sun
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyThe Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Changchun Shao
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui230022China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyThe Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Xiaojuan Hou
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Liying Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitutes for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitutes for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental MedicineTORUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome00133Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitutes for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
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Zhao X, Fu C, Sun L, Feng H, Xie P, Wu M, Tan X, Chen G. New Insight into the Concanavalin A-Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocyte of an Animal Model: Possible Involvement of Caspase-Independent Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031312. [PMID: 36770978 PMCID: PMC9919242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Concanavalin A (Con A) is known to be a T-cell mitogen and has been shown to induce hepatitis in mice through the triggering of conventional T cells and NKT cells. However, it remains unknown whether Con A itself can directly induce rapid hepatocyte death in the absence of a functional immune system. Here, by using an immunodeficient mouse model, we found Con A rapidly induced liver injury in vivo despite a lack of immunocyte involvement. We further observed in vitro that hepatocytes underwent a dose-dependent but caspase-independent apoptosis in response to Con A stimulation in vitro. Moreover, transcriptome RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that apoptosis pathways were activated in both our in vivo and in vitro models. We conclude that Con A can directly induce rapid but non-classical apoptosis in hepatocytes without the participation of immunocytes. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of Con A-induced hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lingjuan Sun
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peiling Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaosheng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (X.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (X.T.); (G.C.)
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Deng L, Cheng S, Li J, Xu X, Hao X, Fan Y, Mu S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel schisanhenol derivatives as potential hepatoprotective agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113919. [PMID: 34688010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one new schisanhenol derivatives were synthesized, and their hepatoprotective effects against liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A) were evaluated in vitro using an MTT assay. The data indicated that most derivatives exhibited equivalent or better protective activity than the positive control (dimethyl dicarboxylate biphenyl, DDB) under the same conditions. Among them, compound 1b showed the most potent hepatoprotective activity against Con A-induced immunological injury. Mechanistic studies in vitro revealed that 1b inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses caused by Con A treatment via IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Consistently, it also exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity in mice with Con A-induced immunological liver injury. These results clearly indicated that 1b might be a highly potent hepatoprotective agent targeting IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Shasha Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Yanhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Shuzhen Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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Shaker ME, Hendawy OM, El-Mesery M, Hazem SH. The JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib abrogates immune hepatitis instigated by concanavalin A in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108463. [PMID: 34952468 PMCID: PMC9363025 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutics that impair the innate immune responses of the liver during the inflammatory cytokine storm like that occurring in COVID-19 are greatly needed. Much interest is currently directed toward Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors as potential candidates to mitigate this life-threatening complication. Accordingly, this study investigated the influence of the novel JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib (RXB) on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis and systemic hyperinflammation in mice to simulate the context occurring in COVID-19 patients. Mice were orally treated with RXB (75 and 150 mg/kg) 2 h prior to the intravenous administration of Con A (20 mg/kg) for a period of 12 h. The results showed that RXB pretreatments were efficient in abrogating Con A-instigated hepatocellular injury (ALT, AST, LDH), necrosis (histopathology), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) and nuclear proliferation due to damage (PCNA). The protective mechanism of RXB were attributed to i) prevention of Con A-enhanced hepatic production and systemic release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17A, which coincided with decreasing infiltration of immune cells (monocytes, neutrophils), ii) reducing Con A-induced hepatic overexpression of IL-1β and CD98 alongside NF-κB activation, and iii) lessening Con A-induced consumption of GSH and GSH peroxidase and generation of oxidative stress products (MDA, 4-HNE, NOx) in the liver. In summary, JAK inhibition by RXB led to eminent protection of the liver against Con A-deleterious manifestations primarily via curbing the inflammatory cytokine storm driven by TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Omnia M Hendawy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sara H Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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5
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Li SL, Cao R, Hu XF, Xiong P, Zhao GY, Xie YN, Wang ZM, Li YK, Yang B, Yang J. Daidzein ameliorated concanavalin A-induced liver injury through the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway in mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1228. [PMID: 34532365 PMCID: PMC8421986 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Daidzein is a soybean isoflavone that has been shown in previous studies to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, it remains unknown whether daidzein plays a protective role against concanavalin A (Con A)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Methods In this study, an animal model of AIH was constructed by intravenous injection of Con A (15 mg/kg). Daidzein (200 mg/kg/d) was intraperitoneally administered to mice for 3 days before the Con A injection. Alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cells were incubated in the absence or presence of daidzein to determine whether daidzein can alleviate Con A-induced hepatotoxicity. Results The findings showed that pretreatment with daidzein significantly reduced Con A-induced oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis in Con A-induced liver injury. Pretreatment with daidzein significantly prevented the decrease of intrahepatic protein levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), phosphorylated GSK3β (p-GSK3β), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NOQ1 (NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1) in response to Con A administration. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde (MDA) production was reduced, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and SOD2 mRNA expression were elevated in daidzein-pretreated livers. In in vitro experiments, daidzein pretreatment prevented Con A-induced murine hepatocyte death. This effect was partly diminished by an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Conclusions These results indicate that daidzein pretreatment attenuates Con A-induced liver injury through the Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway. Our findings provide new insights into the use of plant-derived products for AIH treatment beyond immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Lin Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Hu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Kun Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ryan RYM, Fernandez A, Wong Y, Miles JJ, Cock IE. The medicinal plant Tabebuia impetiginosa potently reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in primary human lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5519. [PMID: 33750911 PMCID: PMC7970899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bark from the Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae) tree has long been used in traditional South American healing practises to treat inflammation. However, its anti-inflammatory activity has not been closely examined. Here we use chemical extraction, qualitative phytochemical examination, toxicity testing and quantitative examination of anti-inflammatory activity on human cells ex vivo. All extracts were found to be nontoxic. We found different extracts exhibited unique cytokine profiles with some extracts outperforming a positive control used in the clinic. These results verify the immunomodulatory activity of Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae) tree bark-derived compounds. Collectively, combining a lack of toxicity and potency in human immune cells supports further fractionation and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Y M Ryan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Alejandra Fernandez
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.,Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Yide Wong
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia.,Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia
| | - John J Miles
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia. .,Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia. .,Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia.
| | - Ian E Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia. .,Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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Maresh MM, Abdelaziz RR, Ibrahim TM. Febuxostat mitigates concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury via modulation of MCP-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, neutrophil infiltration, and apoptosis in mice. Life Sci 2020; 260:118307. [PMID: 32841665 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Liver plays a crucial role in innate immunity reactions. This role predisposes the liver to innate-mediated liver injury when uncontrolled inflammation occurs. In this study, the effect of febuxostat administration on acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A) injection into mouse eye orbital sinus was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two doses of febuxostat (10 and 20 mg/kg, orally) were administered either 1 h before or 30 min after the administration of Con A. Febuxostat at a low dose (10 mg/kg) before and after Con A modulated the elevation of serum ALT, liver uric acid, liver myeloperoxidase (MPO), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced by Con A. The same dose of febuxostat before Con A also decreased serum total bilirubin and neutrophil infiltration, as evidenced by flow cytometry and histopathological analysis. KEY FINDINGS Febuxostat at a high dose (20 mg/kg) significantly improved serum ALT, AST, albumin, total bilirubin, liver uric acid, MPO, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-1β, and neutrophil infiltration induced by Con A administration. The results of histopathological examination of liver cells paralleled the observed biochemical improvements. Hepatocyte apoptosis as evidenced by immunohistochemical examination of cleaved caspase-3 was markedly decreased in the febuxostat protection and treatment groups, in a dose-dependent manner SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that febuxostat, especially at the higher dose, may be an effective inhibitor of immune reactions evoked by Con A administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Maresh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania R Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt..
| | - Tarek M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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8
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Plant-Derived Lectins as Potential Cancer Therapeutics and Diagnostic Tools. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1631394. [PMID: 32509848 PMCID: PMC7245692 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1631394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains a global health challenge, with high morbidity and mortality, despite the recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. Multiple compounds assessed as novel potential anticancer drugs derive from natural sources, including microorganisms, plants, and animals. Lectins, a group of highly diverse proteins of nonimmune origin with carbohydrate-binding abilities, have been detected in virtually all kingdoms of life. These proteins can interact with free and/or cell surface oligosaccharides and might differentially bind cancer cells, since malignant transformation is tightly associated with altered cell surface glycans. Therefore, lectins could represent a valuable tool for cancer diagnosis and be developed as anticancer therapeutics. Indeed, several plant lectins exert cytotoxic effects mainly by inducing apoptotic and autophagic pathways in malignant cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the basis for the use of lectins in cancer diagnosis and therapy, providing a few examples of plant-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins with demonstrated antitumor effects.
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Fan X, Men R, Wang H, Shen M, Wang T, Ye T, Luo X, Yang L. Methylprednisolone Decreases Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy Dysfunction in Hepatocytes of Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis Model via the Akt/mTOR Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1189. [PMID: 31680966 PMCID: PMC6813226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by massive immune cell-mediated hepatocyte destruction. Glucocorticoids, particularly methylprednisolone (MP), are the most effective treatment for AIH; however, the mechanism underlying the effects of glucocorticoid treatment has not been fully elucidated. The present study explored the effects of MP on damaged hepatocytes in mice with concanavalin A (ConA)-induced experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH). C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: a normal control group (injected with normal saline), a ConA (20 mg/kg) group, and a ConA + MP (3.12 mg/kg) group. The serum levels of liver enzymes, cytokines, activated T cells, and apoptosis- and autophagy-associated marker proteins were determined 12 h after ConA injection. Human hepatocyte cell line LO2 was used to verify the effects of ConA and MP in vitro. MP treatment significantly decreased inflammatory reactions in the serum and liver tissues and activated the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocytes in vivo. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed fewer autophagosomes in the MP-treated group than in the ConA-treated group. MP treatment obviously suppressed apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss in hepatocytes in vitro. Furthermore, ConA treatment increased the levels of LC3-II, p62/SQSTM1, and Beclin-1, while bafilomycin A1 did not augment the levels of LC3-II. MP treatment decreased the levels of LC3-II, p62/SQSTM1, and Beclin-1 and upregulated the levels of phosphorylated (p)-Akt and p-mTOR. In conclusion, MP ameliorated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and autophagy dysfunction in ConA-induced hepatocyte injury in vivo and in vitro via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoting Men
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuefeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yang J, Wang B, Zhang CF, Xu XH, Zhang M. A C 21-Steroidal Glycoside from Cynanchum atratum Attenuates Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061087. [PMID: 30893870 PMCID: PMC6471381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynatratoside A (CyA) is a C21 Steroidal glycoside with pregnane skeleton isolated from the root of Cynanchum atratum Bunge (Asclepiadaceae). This study aimed to investigate the effects of CyA on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and the underlying mechanism. CyA was orally administered to mice at 10 and 40 mg/kg 8 h before and 1 h after Con A treatment. The effects of CyA on Con A-induced spleen and liver in mice were assessed via histopathological changes, T lymphocyte amounts and the expressions of IL-1β and ICAM-1. Con A-induced L-02 hepatocytes were used to evaluate whether CyA (0.1–10 μM) can directly protect hepatocytes from cytotoxicity and the possible mechanism. The results revealed that CyA treatment could significantly improve the histopathological changes of spleen and liver, reduce the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes, and decrease the expressions of IL-1β and ICAM-1 in liver. The experiment in vitro showed that CyA inhibited Con A-induced hepatotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. CyA (10 μM) significantly increased/decreased the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and reduced the levels of cleaved caspases-9 and -3. Our study demonstrated for the first time that CyA has a significant protective effect on Con A-induced AIH by inhibiting the activation and adhesion of T lymphocytes and blocking hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Chao-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Mian Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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11
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Rani R, Kumar S, Sharma A, Mohanty SK, Donnelly B, Tiao GM, Gandhi CR. Mechanisms of concanavalin A-induced cytokine synthesis by hepatic stellate cells: Distinct roles of interferon regulatory factor-1 in liver injury. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18466-18476. [PMID: 30348900 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice depleted of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are protected from concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury that is mediated by the activation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms of ConA-mediated signaling and synthesis/release of mediators by HSCs that damage hepatocytes. Primary cultures of wildtype (WT) and IRF1-knockout (KO) HSCs and hepatocytes were used, and ConA-induced liver damage in interferon (IFN)αβ receptor-deficient (IFNαβR-KO) mice was determined. Specific binding of ConA to HSCs induced rapid activation of JAK2 and STAT1. ConA-induced expression of IRF1, IFNβ, tumor necrosis factor α, and CXCL1 was abrogated by selective inhibition of JAK2 and STAT1. Despite activating JAK2/STAT1, ConA failed to stimulate expression of inflammatory cytokines in HSCs from IRF1-KO mice. ConA-conditioned WT-HSC medium caused activation of JNK and caspase 3, and apoptosis of hepatocytes from WT but not from IRF1-KO or IFNαβR-KO mice. Conversely, ConA-conditioned medium of IRF1-KO HSCs failed to cause apoptosis of WT or IRF1-KO hepatocytes. IFNαβR-KO mice were protected from ConA-induced liver damage, and ConA-induced hepatic expression of IRF1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and infiltration of neutrophils were significantly lower in IFNαβR-KO than in WT mice. These results demonstrate distinct roles of IRF1 in hepatic inflammation (HSCs) and injury (hepatocytes) and can be an important target for intervention in acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rani
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229.,the Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 and
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229.,the Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 and
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Sujit K Mohanty
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Bryan Donnelly
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Gregory M Tiao
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Chandrashekhar R Gandhi
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, .,the Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 and.,the Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
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12
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Abstract
The intravenous injection of the plant lectin concanavalin A (ConA) is a widely used model for acute immune-mediated hepatitis in mice. In contrast to several other models for acute hepatic damage, ConA-induced injury is primarily driven by the activation and recruitment of T cells to the liver. Hence, the ConA model has unique features with respect to its pathogenesis and important similarities to immune-mediated hepatitis in humans, such as autoimmune hepatitis, acute viral hepatitis or distinct entities of drug toxicity leading to immune activation. However, the ConA model has considerable variability, depending on the preparation of the compound, genetic background of the mice, sex, age and microbial environment of the animal facility barrier. This standard operating procedure (SOP) comprises a detailed protocol for the ConA application, including preparation of ConA working solution, handling of the animals, choice of the appropriate conditions and endpoints, as well as efficient dose-finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heymann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Hamesch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany for the Transregional Collaborative Research Center 'Organ Fibrosis: From Mechanisms of Injury to Modulation of Disease' (SFB/TRR57)
| | - F Tacke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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13
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C. Ellagic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in liver protection. Pharmacol Res 2015; 97:84-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Okeke EB, Okwor I, Uzonna JE. Regulatory T cells restrain CD4+ T cells from causing unregulated immune activation and hypersensitivity to lipopolysaccharide challenge. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:655-62. [PMID: 24943218 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintenance of peripheral tolerance, and defects in Treg function have been linked to several autoimmune diseases. We previously reported that depletion of Tregs resulted in mortality to an otherwise nonlethal dose of LPS or Escherichia coli challenge. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which Treg depletion leads to enhanced susceptibility to LPS. Using different murine lymphocyte gene knockout models, we show that the enhanced sensitivity to LPS following Treg depletion is mediated by T cells. SCID or RAG1-deficient mice, which lack T and B cells, do not show enhanced susceptibility to LPS. However, reconstitution of SCID mice with wild-type CD4(+) T cells restored Treg depletion-induced sensitivity to LPS. This CD4(+) T cell-mediated hypersensitivity to LPS challenge in the absence of Tregs was also observed upon reconstitution of SCID mice with CD4(+) T cells from CD25 knockout mice (which lack functional Tregs). Additionally, depletion of Tregs leads to increased CD4(+) T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS challenge. Some CD4(+) T cells express TLR4, and pretreatment of CD4(+) T cells with LPS dramatically enhanced their ability to induce inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. Collectively, our results indicate that in the absence of functional Tregs, CD4(+) T cells are pathologic and contribute to exaggerated immune activation that is detrimental for survival in LPS-induced acute inflammation. Our data also provide evidence for direct activation of CD4(+) T cells by LPS through TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka B Okeke
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; and
| | - Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; and Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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15
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Roy B, Pattanaik AK, Das J, Bhutia SK, Behera B, Singh P, Maiti TK. Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathway in Concanavalin A induced autophagy in HeLa cells. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 210:96-102. [PMID: 24434245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (Con A), a mannose or glucose specific legume lectin, is well known for its anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effect on different types of cancer cells, through its binding to the membrane receptors leading to a major stimulus for the induction of distinct metabolic responses. Recently it has been also been proved that, Con A induces autophagy in hepatoma cells through internalization and mitochondria mediated pathway involving a mitochondrial interacting protein named Bcl2/E1B-19kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3). Through this current endeavor, we propose a membrane associated pathway involved in Con A induced autophagy, taking Human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell as a cancer model. Here, we deciphered the role of membrane mediated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and MEK/Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway in Con A induced autophagy in HeLa cells. Subsequently, we found that Con A treatment suppresses the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and up regulates the MEK/ERK pathway leading to the activation of autophagy. This study will further help us to understand the mechanism behind the autophagic pathway induced by Con A and simultaneously it will strengthen its effective use as a prospective cancer chemo-therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhas Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Arup K Pattanaik
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Joyjyoti Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Birendra Behera
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Tapas K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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16
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Li L, Gao F, Ye J, Chen Z, Li Q, Gao W, Ji L, Zhang R, Tang B. FRET-Based Biofriendly Apo-GOx-Modified Gold Nanoprobe for Specific and Sensitive Glucose Sensing and Cellular Imaging. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9721-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4021227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Jian Ye
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Qingling Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Wen Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Lifei Ji
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
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17
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Binding pattern and toxicological effects of lectins from genus Canavalia on bovine sperm. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 38:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Al-Shamsi M, Shahin A, Mensah-Brown EPK, Souid AK. Derangements of liver tissue bioenergetics in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13:6. [PMID: 23311450 PMCID: PMC3571906 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel in vitro system was employed to investigate liver tissue respiration (mitochondrial O2 consumption) in mice treated with concanavalin A (Con A). This study aimed to investigate hepatocyte bioenergetics in this well-studied hepatitis model. Methods C57Bl/6 and C57Bl/6 IFN-γ−/− mice were injected intravenously with 12 mg ConA/kg. Liver specimens were collected at various timepoints after injection and analyzed for cellular respiration and caspase activation. Serum was analyzed for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and aminotransferases. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis was used to determine the phenotype of infiltrating cells, and light and electron microscopy were used to monitor morphological changes. Phosphorescence analyzer that measured dissolved O2 as function of time was used to evaluate respiration. Results In sealed vials, O2 concentrations in solutions containing liver specimen and glucose declined linearly with time, confirming zero-order kinetics of hepatocyte respiration. O2 consumption was inhibited by cyanide, confirming the oxidation occurred in the respiratory chain. Enhanced liver respiration (by ≈68%, p<0.02) was noted 3 hr after ConA treatment, and occurred in conjunction with limited cellular infiltrations around the blood vessels. Diminished respiration (by ≈30%, p=0.005) was noted 12 hr after ConA treatment, and occurred in conjunction with deranged mitochondria, areas of necrosis, and prominent infiltrations with immune cells, most significantly, CD3+NKT+ cells. Increases in intracellular caspase activity and serum IFN-γ and aminotransferase levels were noted 3 hr after ConA treatment and progressed with time. The above-noted changes were less pronounced in C57Bl/6 IFN-γ−/− mice treated with ConA. Conclusions Based on these results, liver tissue bioenergetics is increased 3 hr after ConA exposure. This effect is driven by the pathogenesis of the disease, in which IFN-γ and other cytokines contribute to. Subsequent declines in liver bioenergetics appear to be a result of necrosis and active caspases targeting the mitochondria within hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Al-Shamsi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Lamacchia C, Rodriguez E, Palmer G, Vesin C, Seemayer CA, Rubbia-Brandt L, Gabay C. Mice deficient in hepatocyte-specific IL-1Ra show delayed resolution of concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1294-303. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Lamacchia
- Division of Rheumatology; University Hospital and Department of Pathology and Immunology; University of Geneva School of Medicine; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Rodriguez
- Division of Rheumatology; University Hospital and Department of Pathology and Immunology; University of Geneva School of Medicine; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology; University Hospital and Department of Pathology and Immunology; University of Geneva School of Medicine; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Christian Vesin
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism; University of Geneva School of Medicine; Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology; University Hospital and Department of Pathology and Immunology; University of Geneva School of Medicine; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology; University Hospital and Department of Pathology and Immunology; University of Geneva School of Medicine; Geneva Switzerland
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20
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Immunostimulatory activity of ConBr: a focus on splenocyte proliferation and proliferative cytokine secretion. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 346:237-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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21
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de Melo CML, Melo H, Correia MTS, Coelho LCBB, da Silva MB, Pereira VRA. Mitogenic Response and Cytokine Production Induced by Cramoll 1,4 Lectin in Splenocytes of Inoculated Mice. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:112-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li L, Liu W, Wang J, Tu Q, Liu R, Wang J. Lectin-aided separation of circulating tumor cells and assay of their response to an anticancer drug in an integrated microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3159-66. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yoshida H, Nagai K. Induction of apoptotic cell death preferentially in reactive astrocytes by concanavalin A. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 108:248-51. [PMID: 19664561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
When central nervous system is injured, reactive astrocytes form glial scar which prevents neuronal regeneration. We examined the effects of concanavalin A (ConA) in primary astrocytes, and found preferential apoptotic effect of ConA in migrating reactive astrocytes. Thus, ConA may be applicable for enhancing neuronal regeneration by preventing glial scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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Wu J, Yang T, Wang C, Liu Q, Yao J, Sun H, Kaku TI, Liu KX. Laennec protects murine from concanavalin A-induced liver injury through inhibition of inflammatory reactions and hepatocyte apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 31:2040-4. [PMID: 18981570 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Laennec, a hydrolyte of human placenta, on immune-mediated liver injury was investigated in vivo and in vitro in murine. Vena caudalis administration of concanavalin A (Con A) was employed to establish an in vivo liver-injury model, and in vitro hepatotoxicity was induced by 8 h interaction between Con A pre-treated hepatocytes and Con A-stimulated autologous splenic lymphocytes. Laennec was used for pre-treatment in the two models. Laennec decreased biochemical marker activity (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) in serum and recovered the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in liver tissue. We also found that the DNA ladder induced by Con A in vivo was attenuated by Laennec. Furthermore, the leakage of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and LDH in the supernatant of the co-culture system was decreased by addition of Laennec. Potential protective mechanisms were elucidated by DNA fragmentation assay and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) induction/inhibition experiments. Results showed that ICAM-1, which is related to the interaction between hepatocytes and lymphocytes, was inhibited by Laennec. These findings indicated that Laennec has potent activity against immune-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
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Osburn WO, Yates MS, Dolan PD, Liby KT, Sporn MB, Taguchi K, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW. Genetic or pharmacologic amplification of nrf2 signaling inhibits acute inflammatory liver injury in mice. Toxicol Sci 2008; 104:218-27. [PMID: 18417483 PMCID: PMC2435415 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated destruction of normal parenchymal cells during hepatic inflammatory responses contributes to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated hepatitis and is implicated in the progression of acute inflammatory liver injury to chronic inflammatory liver disease. The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of a battery of antioxidative enzymes and Nrf2 signaling can be activated by small-molecule drugs that disrupt Keap1-mediated repression of Nrf2 signaling. Therefore, genetic and pharmacologic approaches were used to activate Nrf2 signaling to assess protection against inflammatory liver injury. Profound increases in indicators of cell death were observed in both Nrf2 wild-type (Nrf2-WT) mice and Nrf2-disrupted (Nrf2-KO) mice 24 h following intravenous injection of concanavalin A (12.5 mg/kg, ConA), a model for T cell-mediated acute inflammatory liver injury. However, hepatocyte-specific conditional Keap1 null (Alb-Cre:Keap1(flox/-), cKeap1-KO) mice with constitutively enhanced expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidative genes as well as Nrf2-WT mice but not Nrf2-KO mice pretreated with three daily doses of a triterpenoid that potently activates Nrf2 (30 mumol/kg, cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl-imidazolide [CDDO-Im]) were highly resistant to ConA-mediated inflammatory liver injury. CDDO-Im pretreatment of both Nrf2-WT and Nrf2-KO mice resulted in equivalent suppression of serum proinflammatory soluble proteins suggesting that the hepatoprotection afforded by CDDO-Im pretreatment of Nrf2-WT mice but not Nrf2-KO mice was not due to suppression of systemic proinflammatory signaling, but instead was due to activation of Nrf2 signaling in the liver. Enhanced hepatic expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidative genes inhibited inflammation-mediated oxidative stress, thereby preventing hepatocyte necrosis. Attenuation of hepatocyte death in cKeap1-KO mice and CDDO-Im pretreated Nrf2-WT mice resulted in decreased late-phase proinflammatory gene expression in the liver thereby diminishing the sustained influx of inflammatory cells initially stimulated by the ConA challenge. Taken together, these results clearly illustrate that targeted cytoprotection of hepatocytes through Nrf2 signaling during inflammation prevents the amplification of inflammatory responses in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O. Osburn
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Melinda S. Yates
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Patrick D. Dolan
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Karen T. Liby
- Dartmouth Medical School, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hanover, NH
| | - Michael B. Sporn
- Dartmouth Medical School, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hanover, NH
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine and ERATO Environmental Response Project, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine and ERATO Environmental Response Project, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD
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Wu J, Wang C, Liu Q, Yang T, Zhang Q, Peng J, Gao Y, Sun H, Kaku T, Liu K. Protective effect of JBP485 on concanavalin A-induced hepatocyte toxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 589:299-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kuo CF, Wang YH, Lei HY, Wang CH, Tsao N. Concanavalin A protects mice from a lethal inoculation of intragastric Klebsiella pneumoniae and reduces the induced liver damage. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3122-30. [PMID: 17606678 PMCID: PMC2043212 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01379-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intragastric inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause invasive diseases, including necrosis of liver tissues and bacteremia. The effect of concanavalin A (ConA) on K. pneumoniae was tested. Pretreatment with ConA was able to protect mice from K. pneumoniae infection in an intragastric model. K. pneumoniae-induced mouse death and liver injury such as liver necrosis, as well as blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by ConA. ConA administered intravenously as late as 24 h after K. pneumoniae inoculation was still protective. In an in vitro assay, ConA was able to bind K. pneumoniae cells directly and further agglutinate them but had no effect on their in vitro growth. Surveys of bacterial counts of ConA-treated mice revealed that the bacteria were eliminated effectively in both blood and liver tissues. Furthermore, the bactericidal activity of macrophages against K. pneumoniae was also enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by ConA in an in vitro culture. These data suggest that ConA is a potentially therapeutic agent for K. pneumoniae-induced liver infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Kuo
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
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Ghosh D, Maiti TK. Immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities of native and heat denatured Abrus agglutinin. Immunobiology 2007; 212:589-99. [PMID: 17678717 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Abrus agglutinin (AAG), a hetero tetrameric gal beta (1-3) NAc gal specific lectin, is isolated from seeds of Abrus precatorius. In our previous studies we found that the protein could act as an immunomodulator and immunoadjuvant in native (NA) and heat denatured (HDA) conditions. An anticancer effect of the lectin is reported, but its mode of action is not clearly known. In the present study, the anti-tumor activity of AAG (NA, HDA) has been evaluated in a murine Dalton's lymphoma (DL) ascites tumorogenic model. We found that treatment with both NA and HDA were able to decrease the tumor cell number in vivo and significantly increased median survival time. In vitro studies showed that AAG (NA, HDA) treatment of Dalton's lymphoma ascites cells (DLAC) resulted in growth inhibition at the concentration of 1 microg/ml and above. Whereas, AAG (NA, HDA) at much lower concentrations (approximately 1 ng/ml) can stimulate peritoneal macrophage and spleen derived NK cells in vitro demonstrating cytotoxicity against DLAC. Cell cycle analysis showed an increased number of cells in Sub-G0/G1 phase for in vitro and in vivo treatments. In summary, AAG (NA, HDA) at non-toxic concentration was able to elicit anti-tumor effects in DL bearing mice by stimulating the innate immune system and Th1 type immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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29
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Chang CP, Yang MC, Liu HS, Lin YS, Lei HY. Concanavalin A induces autophagy in hepatoma cells and has a therapeutic effect in a murine in situ hepatoma model. Hepatology 2007; 45:286-96. [PMID: 17256764 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Concanavalin A (ConA), a lectin with mannose specificity that can induce acute hepatic inflammation, was tested for its therapeutic effect against hepatoma. ConA is cytotoxic or inhibitory to hepatoma cells, which is mediated by the autophagic pathway through mitochondria. Once it was bound to cell membrane glycoproteins, the ConA was internalized and preferentially localized onto the mitochondria. The mitochondria membrane permeability changed, and an autophagic pathway including LC3-II generation, double-layer vesicle, BNIP3 induction, and acidic vesicular organelle formation was induced. Either 3-MA or siRNA for BNIP3 and LC3, but neither beclin-1 nor ATG 5, partially inhibited the ConA-induced cell death. In addition to the autophagy induction, ConA is known to be a T cell mitogen. Using an in situ hepatoma model, ConA can exert an anti-hepatoma therapeutic effect, inhibiting tumor nodule formation in the liver and prolonging survival. CONCLUSION ConA can be considered as an anti-hepatoma agent therapeutically because of its autophagic induction and immunomodulating activity. This dual function of ConA provides a novel mechanism for the biological effect of lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Peng Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ballerstadt R, Evans C, Gowda A, McNichols R. In vivo performance evaluation of a transdermal near- infrared fluorescence resonance energy transfer affinity sensor for continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8:296-311. [PMID: 16800751 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2006.8.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo performance of a transdermal near-infrared fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) affinity sensor was investigated in hairless rats, in order to validate its feasibility for glucose monitoring in humans. The sensor itself consists of a small hollow fiber implanted in dermal skin tissue, containing glucose-sensitive assay chemistry composed of agarose-immobilized Concanavalin A (ConA) and free dextran. The glucose-dependent fluorescence change is based on FRET between near-infrared-compatible donor and quencher dyes that are chemically linked to dextran and ConA, respectively. We conducted an acute in vivo evaluation of transdermal sensors with an optical fiber-coupled setup over 4 h, and a chronic in vivo evaluation of fully implanted sensors for up to 16 days. The fiber-coupled sensors followed trends of blood glucose concentrations very well with a delay of less than 5 min. The acute performance of the implanted sensors at the day of implantation was similar to that of the fiber-coupled sensors. After 2 weeks the implanted sensors remained functional, evidenced by an adequate correlation between sensor signal and changes in blood glucose excursions, but exhibited delays of approximately 10-15 min. Preliminary characterization of host response showed signs of mild inflammations around the implanted sensor, which were characterized by formation of a 10-20-microm-thick collagen band, typical for capsule formation. An acute study of systemic ConA biotoxicity was also conducted. A histological analysis of various organs and of clinical chemistry data showed no significant differences between rats receiving intradermal injections of ConA at 10 times the concentration in the sensor and rats in a control group (injection of saline solution). The absence of a toxicological or systemic response to ConA at a 10-fold larger amount than in the sensor should dispel concerns over the in vivo safety of ConA-based sensors. This study clearly demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed transdermal FRET-based sensor interrogation concept for glucose monitoring.
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31
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Ballerstadt R, Evans C, McNichols R, Gowda A. Concanavalin A for in vivo glucose sensing: a biotoxicity review. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:275-84. [PMID: 16488598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades there as has been surging scientific interest in employing the glucose- and mannose-specific lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) in affinity biosensors for in vivo glucose monitoring in diabetics. Numerous research groups have successfully shown in in vitro and in vivo studies that ConA-based affinity sensors can monitor glucose very accurately and reproducibly over many months, making ConA-based sensors an extremely interesting prospect for long-term implantation in humans. Despite this progress, there remains concern over the safety of ConA, which has widely been reported as a toxin in the literature. In this article, we review in vitro and in vivo studies related to ConA toxicity in order to assess the health risks posed by ConA in the context of an implantable biosensor. Based on the wealth of information available and on data from our own studies, we can conclude that the site of implantation (subcutaneous skin tissue) and the small amount of ConA (<10 microg/microl) being used in implantable glucose-sensitive detector devices like those proposed by various research groups would pose little or no health risk to its bearer even in the event of unexpected sensor rupture.
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32
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Abstract
Here, we describe the fabrication of whole mammalian cell biosensors for the optical monitoring of cell viability. Three phenotypes were examined for their response to the addition of two model chemotoxins: sodium hypochlorite and sodium azide, and one model biotoxin, concanavalin A. Two sensing platforms containing cells, hydrogel microspheres, or hydrogel arrays, were also explored. Step changes in viability in response to small doses of sodium hypochlorite were seen nearly instantaneously in all cell lines, in solution, microspheres, and microarrays. Linear detection of sodium azide by entrapped hepatocytes was 0-10 microM, whereas the linear detection range for macrophages and endothelial cells was 0-75 microM. Macrophages and hepatocytes have a greater sensitivity, as indicated by a 40% change in fluorescence over the linear range, whereas endothelial cells show only a 15% change in fluorescence over the linear range. Using photoreaction injection molding, we were also able to generate a multiphenotype sensor that enables the measurement of the toxic effect of 100 microg/mL concanavalin A on macrophages and hepatocytes, but not on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Itle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and The Huck Institute for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-4420, USA
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33
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Ajuebor MN, Aspinall AI, Zhou F, Le T, Yang Y, Urbanski SJ, Sidobre S, Kronenberg M, Hogaboam CM, Swain MG. Lack of Chemokine Receptor CCR5 Promotes Murine Fulminant Liver Failure by Preventing the Apoptosis of Activated CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:8027-37. [PMID: 15944310 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.12.8027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fulminant liver failure (FLF) consists of a cascade of events beginning with a presumed uncontrolled systemic activation of the immune system. The etiology of FLF remains undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that CCR5 deficiency promotes the development of acute FLF in mice following Con A administration by preventing activated hepatic CD1d-restricted NKT cells (but not conventional T cells) from dying from activation-induced apoptosis. The resistance of CCR5-deficient NKT cells from activation-induced apoptosis following Con A administration is not due to a defective Fas-driven death pathway. Moreover, FLF in CCR5-deficient mice also correlated with hepatic CCR5-deficient NKT cells, producing more IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, relative to wild-type NKT cells. Furthermore, FLF in these mice was abolished by IL-4 mAb or NK1.1 mAb treatment. We propose that CCR5 deficiency may predispose individuals to the development of FLF by preventing hepatic NKT cell apoptosis and by regulating NKT cell function, establishing a novel role for CCR5 in the development of this catastrophic liver disease that is independent of leukocyte recruitment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1/physiology
- Antigens, CD1d
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Concanavalin A/administration & dosage
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Failure, Acute/genetics
- Liver Failure, Acute/immunology
- Liver Failure, Acute/pathology
- Liver Failure, Acute/prevention & control
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Depletion/methods
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, CCR5/deficiency
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/physiology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- fas Receptor/biosynthesis
- fas Receptor/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen N Ajuebor
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Diabetes and Endocrine Research Group, and Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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34
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He JH, Zhang HN, Lin ZB. Effect of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl] propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride (FTY 720) on immune liver injury in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:573-6. [PMID: 15641148 PMCID: PMC4250813 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i4.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect against two immune liver injury models in mice by 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl] propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride and its possible mechanisms in Con A-induced liver damage.
METHODS: Liver tissue or hepatocyte injury was monitored biochemically by measuring alanine aminotransferase (sALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (sAST) activity. Hematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining was used for histopathological examination. To evaluate the role of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the liver injury, serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were determined using commercially available ELISA kit at 12 h after Con A challenge. We also determined FTY 720-induced spleen cell apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis or spleen cell proliferation test.
RESULTS: Different doses of FTY 720 treatment dramatically reduced circulating markers of hepatocyte injury in two kinds of immunological liver injury models. FTY 720 dramatically reduced the elevated serum IFN-γ and IL-4 levels after Con A injection. Effect of spleen cell supernatants treated with Con A or FTY 720 on hepatocytes showed that ALT activities in cultured hepatocyte supernatants in Con A treatment group increased markedly and FTY 720 could reduce this elevated ALT activities in FTY 720 treatment group. FTY 720 dose-dependently increased the percentage of apoptotic cells in T cells and inhibited splenocyte proliferation induced by Con A.
CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with FTY 720 was shown to produce protective effect on the immune liver injury in mice. The possible mechanism of FTY 720 on Con A-induced liver damage is that it could inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and induce lymphocyte apoptosis, resulting in the reduction of IL-4 or IFN-γ release, and subsequently protecting liver from being damaged by Con A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua He
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
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35
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Longin J, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Evidence that MMP-2 and TIMP-2 are at play in the FSH-induced changes in Sertoli cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 189:25-35. [PMID: 12039062 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FSH has been shown to elicit in vitro changes in the Sertoli cell cytoskeleton through involving proteases, and cytochalasin-D mimics FSH. Testis extracts were screened (RT-PCR) for various metalloproteinases (MMPs), 20-day-old rat Sertoli cells were purified, cultured and treated with FSH, cytochalasin D and TNFalpha (to antagonize FSH action). Cell shape (phase-contrast microscopy) and levels for MMP-2 (gelatin zymography) and its inhibitor TIMP-2 (Northern and Western blot) were monitored. TNFalpha-treated cells spread readily and grew larger than FSH-treated cells. Cytochalasin-D mimicked FSH, and MMP-2 production and TIMP-2 gene expression were augmented. Interestingly, TNFalpha reversed FSH- and cytochalasin D-induced effects both on cell shape and on MMP-2 and TIMP-2. These effects occurred during the first 48 h of culture, when Sertoli cells migrated from the freshly dispersed aggregates, but not once cells were organized in monolayers. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 are likely involved in the FSH-induced changes in Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Longin
- Inserm U329, Hopital Debrousse, 29 rue soeur Bouvier, 69322, Cedex 05, Lyon, France
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36
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Hentze H, Schwoebel F, Lund S, Keel M, Ertel W, Wendel A, Jäättelä M, Leist M, Kehl M. In Vivo and in Vitro Evidence for Extracellular Caspase Activity Released from Apoptotic Cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 283:1111-7. [PMID: 11355887 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
While caspases play an established role as intracellular executors of apoptosis, little is known about extracellular activities of this ubiquitously expressed family of proteases. We demonstrate here that recombinant caspase-3 retained enzymatic activity in various extracellular fluids. Experiments with cell lines, primary cells, and mice with fulminant CD95-triggered hepatitis showed that significant amounts of DEVD-aminofluoromethylcoumarine-cleaving activity, indicative of active effector caspases, were released into the medium/plasma during apoptosis. Furthermore, caspase activities were detected in liquor samples from human head trauma patients. These findings warrant closer investigation of DEVDase activity as a diagnostic marker, and of potential extracellular substrates for caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hentze
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
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37
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Rahman TM, Hodgson HJ. Animal models of acute hepatic failure. Int J Exp Pathol 2000; 81:145-57. [PMID: 10762442 PMCID: PMC2517718 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.2000.00144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/1999] [Accepted: 01/06/2000] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding and treatment of acute hepatic failure has developed rapidly over the last 40 years reducing morbidity and mortality from this syndrome. Progress has been made by the study of animal models that reflect the clinical, biochemical and histological pattern of the syndrome seen in man. This is of increasing importance with the use of therapeutic intervention, liver transplantation and the use of extra-corporeal liver support devices. This review examines and critically appraises the various approaches to the study of acute hepatic failure in animal models, including both surgical and pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Rahman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College School of Medicine; Centre for Hepatology, Royal Free & University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
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38
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Totally synthetic polymer with lectin-like function: Induction of killer cells by the copolymer of 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid withN,N-dimethylacrylamide. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20010205)72:3<307::aid-bit7>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Zhu-Salzman K, Shade RE, Koiwa H, Salzman RA, Narasimhan M, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM, Murdock LL. Carbohydrate binding and resistance to proteolysis control insecticidal activity of Griffonia simplicifolia lectin II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:15123-8. [PMID: 9844026 PMCID: PMC24586 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.25.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Griffonia simplicifolia leaf lectin II (GSII), a plant defense protein against certain insects, consists of an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-binding large subunit with a small subunit having sequence homology to class III chitinases. Much of the insecticidal activity of GSII is attributable to the large lectin subunit, because bacterially expressed recombinant large subunit (rGSII) inhibited growth and development of the cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F). Site-specific mutations were introduced into rGSII to generate proteins with altered GlcNAc binding, and the different rGSII proteins were evaluated for insecticidal activity when added to the diet of the cowpea bruchid. At pH 5.5, close to the physiological pH of the cowpea bruchid midgut lumen, rGSII recombinant proteins were categorized as having high (rGSII, rGSII-Y134F, and rGSII-N196D mutant proteins), low (rGSII-N136D), or no (rGSII-D88N, rGSII-Y134G, rGSII-Y134D, and rGSII-N136Q) GlcNAc-binding activity. Insecticidal activity of the recombinant proteins correlated with their GlcNAc-binding activity. Furthermore, insecticidal activity correlated with the resistance to proteolytic degradation by cowpea bruchid midgut extracts and with GlcNAc-specific binding to the insect digestive tract. Together, these results establish that insecticidal activity of GSII is functionally linked to carbohydrate binding, presumably to the midgut epithelium or the peritrophic matrix, and to biochemical stability of the protein to digestive proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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40
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41
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Leist M, Gantner F, Künstle G, Wendel A. Cytokine-mediated hepatic apoptosis. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1998; 133:109-55. [PMID: 9600012 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Leist
- Chair of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Simpson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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43
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Leist M, Single B, Künstle G, Volbracht C, Hentze H, Nicotera P. Apoptosis in the absence of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233:518-22. [PMID: 9144569 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase is a process occurring early during the execution phase of apoptosis. Although in many experimental systems PARP cleavage indicates a point of no return, the significance of this proteolytic step for apoptosis remains unclear. Here we compare the susceptibility of cells from wild-type mice and PARP-/- mice to several inducers of apoptosis. Neither the susceptibility of hepatocytes towards CD95 or TNF-mediated apoptosis nor the activation of PARP-cleaving caspases was modified in PARP-/- liver cells. Thymocytes with either genotype exhibited similar sensitivity to treatments with ceramide, dexamethasone, or etoposide. The sensitivity of primary neurons towards apoptosis induced by staurosporine, colchicine, potassium withdrawal, peroxynitrite, or the neurotoxin MPP+ was also unaltered. These data suggest that neither activation nor cleavage of PARP has a causal role in apoptotic cell death of primary, non-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leist
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, University of Konstanz, Germany
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