1
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Hu YY, Song W, Liu ZG, Ye XG, Zhang HW, Li X, Luo JX, Wang PY, Wang J, Lin XF, Zhu HL, Liao WP, Li B, Chen XQ. ARHGAP4 variants are associated with X-linked early-onset temporal lobe epilepsy. World J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12519-024-00830-1. [PMID: 39060771 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Chang-gang-dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Epilepsy Center and Neurology Department of Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Song
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Chang-gang-dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xing-Guang Ye
- Department of pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Jun-Xia Luo
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Peng-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Chang-gang-dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Chang-gang-dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Lin
- Huai'an Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Hong-Li Zhu
- Huai'an Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Chang-gang-dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Neuroscience of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Chang-gang-dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xu-Qin Chen
- Epilepsy Center and Neurology Department of Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Serre JM, Slabodnick MM, Goldstein B, Hardin J. SRGP-1/srGAP and AFD-1/afadin stabilize HMP-1/⍺-catenin at rosettes to seal internalization sites following gastrulation in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010507. [PMID: 36867663 PMCID: PMC10016700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of gastrulation is the establishment of germ layers by internalization of cells initially on the exterior. In C. elegans the end of gastrulation is marked by the closure of the ventral cleft, a structure formed as cells internalize during gastrulation, and the subsequent rearrangement of adjacent neuroblasts that remain on the surface. We found that a nonsense allele of srgp-1/srGAP leads to 10-15% cleft closure failure. Deletion of the SRGP-1/srGAP C-terminal domain led to a comparable rate of cleft closure failure, whereas deletion of the N-terminal F-BAR region resulted in milder defects. Loss of the SRGP-1/srGAP C-terminus or F-BAR domain results in defects in rosette formation and defective clustering of HMP-1/⍺-catenin in surface cells during cleft closure. A mutant form of HMP-1/⍺-catenin with an open M domain can suppress cleft closure defects in srgp-1 mutant backgrounds, suggesting that this mutation acts as a gain-of-function allele. Since SRGP-1 binding to HMP-1/⍺-catenin is not favored in this case, we sought another HMP-1 interactor that might be recruited when HMP-1/⍺-catenin is constitutively open. A good candidate is AFD-1/afadin, which genetically interacts with cadherin-based adhesion later during embryonic elongation. AFD-1/afadin is prominently expressed at the vertex of neuroblast rosettes in wildtype, and depletion of AFD-1/afadin increases cleft closure defects in srgp-1/srGAP and hmp-1R551/554A/⍺-catenin backgrounds. We propose that SRGP-1/srGAP promotes nascent junction formation in rosettes; as junctions mature and sustain higher levels of tension, the M domain of HMP-1/⍺-catenin opens, allowing maturing junctions to transition from recruitment of SRGP-1/srGAP to AFD-1/afadin. Our work identifies new roles for ⍺-catenin interactors during a process crucial to metazoan development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Serre
- Program in Genetics University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark M. Slabodnick
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Knox University, Galesburg, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bob Goldstein
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeff Hardin
- Program in Genetics University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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3
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Serre JM, Lucas B, Martin SCT, Heier JA, Shao X, Hardin J. C. elegans srGAP is an α-catenin M domain-binding protein that strengthens cadherin-dependent adhesion during morphogenesis. Development 2022; 149:dev200775. [PMID: 36125129 PMCID: PMC10655919 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cadherin-catenin complex (CCC) is central to embryonic development and tissue repair, yet how CCC binding partners function alongside core CCC components remains poorly understood. Here, we establish a previously unappreciated role for an evolutionarily conserved protein, the slit-robo GTPase-activating protein SRGP-1/srGAP, in cadherin-dependent morphogenetic processes in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. SRGP-1 binds to the M domain of the core CCC component, HMP-1/α-catenin, via its C terminus. The SRGP-1 C terminus is sufficient to target it to adherens junctions, but only during later embryonic morphogenesis, when junctional tension is known to increase. Surprisingly, mutations that disrupt stabilizing salt bridges in the M domain block this recruitment. Loss of SRGP-1 leads to an increase in mobility and decrease of junctional HMP-1. In sensitized genetic backgrounds with weakened adherens junctions, loss of SRGP-1 leads to late embryonic failure. Rescue of these phenotypes requires the C terminus of SRGP-1 but also other domains of the protein. Taken together, these data establish a role for an srGAP in stabilizing and organizing the CCC during epithelial morphogenesis by binding to a partially closed conformation of α-catenin at junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Serre
- Program in Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bethany Lucas
- Department of Biology, Regis University, 3333 Regis Blvd., Denver, CO 80221, USA
| | - Sterling C. T. Martin
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jonathon A. Heier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiangqiang Shao
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeff Hardin
- Program in Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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4
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Fixing the GAP: the role of RhoGAPs in cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Khanal P, Hotulainen P. Dendritic Spine Initiation in Brain Development, Learning and Diseases and Impact of BAR-Domain Proteins. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092392. [PMID: 34572042 PMCID: PMC8468246 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, bulbous protrusions along neuronal dendrites where most of the excitatory synapses are located. Dendritic spine density in normal human brain increases rapidly before and after birth achieving the highest density around 2-8 years. Density decreases during adolescence, reaching a stable level in adulthood. The changes in dendritic spines are considered structural correlates for synaptic plasticity as well as the basis of experience-dependent remodeling of neuronal circuits. Alterations in spine density correspond to aberrant brain function observed in various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Dendritic spine initiation affects spine density. In this review, we discuss the importance of spine initiation in brain development, learning, and potential complications resulting from altered spine initiation in neurological diseases. Current literature shows that two Bin Amphiphysin Rvs (BAR) domain-containing proteins, MIM/Mtss1 and SrGAP3, are involved in spine initiation. We review existing literature and open databases to discuss whether other BAR-domain proteins could also take part in spine initiation. Finally, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms on how BAR-domain proteins could regulate spine initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Khanal
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- HiLIFE-Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Lambrou GI, Adamaki M, Hatziagapiou K, Vlahopoulos S. Gene Expression and Resistance to Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Brief Review and Update. Curr Drug Res Rev 2021; 12:131-149. [PMID: 32077838 DOI: 10.2174/2589977512666200220122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), is considered one of the major prognostic factors for the disease. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid and one of the most important agents in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The mechanics of GC resistance are largely unknown and intense ongoing research focuses on this topic. AIM The aim of the present study is to review some aspects of GC resistance in ALL, and in particular of Prednisolone, with emphasis on previous and present knowledge on gene expression and signaling pathways playing a role in the phenomenon. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted by the authors from 1994 to June 2019. Original articles and systematic reviews selected, and the titles and abstracts of papers screened to determine whether they met the eligibility criteria, and full texts of the selected articles were retrieved. RESULTS Identification of gene targets responsible for glucocorticoid resistance may allow discovery of drugs, which in combination with glucocorticoids may increase the effectiveness of anti-leukemia therapies. The inherent plasticity of clinically evolving cancer justifies approaches to characterize and prevent undesirable activation of early oncogenic pathways. CONCLUSION Study of the pattern of intracellular signal pathway activation by anticancer drugs can lead to development of efficient treatment strategies by reducing detrimental secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
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Humphries BA, Wang Z, Yang C. MicroRNA Regulation of the Small Rho GTPase Regulators-Complexities and Opportunities in Targeting Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1092. [PMID: 32353968 PMCID: PMC7281527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small Rho GTPases regulate important cellular processes that affect cancer metastasis, such as cell survival and proliferation, actin dynamics, adhesion, migration, invasion and transcriptional activation. The Rho GTPases function as molecular switches cycling between an active GTP-bound and inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound conformation. It is known that Rho GTPase activities are mainly regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs), GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) and guanine nucleotide exchange modifiers (GEMs). These Rho GTPase regulators are often dysregulated in cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression, have been shown to play important roles in cancer metastasis. Recent studies showed that miRNAs are capable of directly targeting RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs, and RhoGDIs, and regulate the activities of Rho GTPases. This not only provides new evidence for the critical role of miRNA dysregulation in cancer metastasis, it also reveals novel mechanisms for Rho GTPase regulation. This review summarizes recent exciting findings showing that miRNAs play important roles in regulating Rho GTPase regulators (RhoGEFs, RhoGAPs, RhoGDIs), thus affecting Rho GTPase activities and cancer metastasis. The potential opportunities and challenges for targeting miRNAs and Rho GTPase regulators in treating cancer metastasis are also discussed. A comprehensive list of the currently validated miRNA-targeting of small Rho GTPase regulators is presented as a reference resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A. Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
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8
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Aspenström P. BAR Domain Proteins Regulate Rho GTPase Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1111:33-53. [PMID: 30151649 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain is a membrane lipid binding domain present in a wide variety of proteins, often proteins with a role in Rho-regulated signaling pathways. BAR domains do not only confer binding to lipid bilayers, they also possess a membrane sculpturing ability and thereby directly control the topology of biomembranes. BAR domain-containing proteins participate in a plethora of physiological processes but the common denominator is their capacity to link membrane dynamics to actin dynamics and thereby integrate processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, vesicle trafficking, cell morphogenesis and cell migration. The Rho family of small GTPases constitutes an important bridging theme for many BAR domain-containing proteins. This review article will focus predominantly on the role of BAR proteins as regulators or effectors of Rho GTPases and it will only briefly discuss the structural and biophysical function of the BAR domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Department of Microbiology, and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Abstract
The Slit-Robo GTPase-activating proteins (srGAPs) were first identified as potential Slit-Robo effectors that influence growth cone guidance. Given their N-terminal F-BAR, central GAP and C-terminal SH3 domains, srGAPs have the potential to affect membrane dynamics, Rho family GTPase activity and other binding partners. Recent research has clarified how srGAP family members act in distinct ways at the cell membrane, and has expanded our understanding of the roles of srGAPs in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Gene duplication of the human-specific paralog of srGAP2 has resulted in srGAP2 family proteins that may have increased the density of dendritic spines and promoted neoteny of the human brain during crucial periods of human evolution, underscoring the importance of srGAPs in the unique sculpting of the human brain. Importantly, srGAPs also play roles outside of the nervous system, including during contact inhibition of cell movement and in establishing and maintaining cell adhesions in epithelia. Changes in srGAP expression may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer metastasis and inflammation. As discussed in this Review, much remains to be discovered about how this interesting family of proteins functions in a diverse set of processes in metazoans and the functional roles srGAPs play in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Lucas
- Program in Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1117 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeff Hardin
- Program in Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1117 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1117 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, USA
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10
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Guo W, Cai Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Yang G, Wang X, Zhao J, Lin J, Zhu J, Li W, Lv L. Association of ARHGAP18 polymorphisms with schizophrenia in the Chinese-Han population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175209. [PMID: 28384650 PMCID: PMC5383423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous developmental genes have been linked to schizophrenia (SZ) by case-control and genome-wide association studies, suggesting that neurodevelopmental disturbances are major pathogenic mechanisms. However, no neurodevelopmental deficit has been definitively linked to SZ occurrence, likely due to disease heterogeneity and the differential effects of various gene variants across ethnicities. Hence, it is critical to examine linkages in specific ethnic populations, such as Han Chinese. The newly identified RhoGAP ARHGAP18 is likely involved in neurodevelopment through regulation of RhoA/C. Here we describe four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ARHGAP18 associated with SZ across a cohort of >2000 cases and controls from the Han population. Two SNPs, rs7758025 and rs9483050, displayed significant differences between case and control groups both in genotype (P = 0.0002 and P = 7.54×10−6) and allelic frequencies (P = 4.36×10−5 and P = 5.98×10−7), respectively. The AG haplotype in rs7758025−rs9385502 was strongly associated with the occurrence of SZ (P = 0.0012, OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48–0.93), an association that still held following a 1000-times random permutation test (P = 0.022). In an independently collected validation cohort, rs9483050 was the SNP most strongly associated with SZ. In addition, the allelic frequencies of rs12197901 remained associated with SZ in the combined cohort (P = 0.021), although not in the validation cohort alone (P = 0.251). Collectively, our data suggest the ARHGAP18 may confer vulnerability to SZ in the Chinese Han population, providing additional evidence for the involvement of neurodevelopmental dysfunction in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Institute of Anatomy I, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jinfu Zhu
- Institute of Anatomy I, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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11
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Lovelace MD, Powter EE, Coleman PR, Zhao Y, Parker A, Chang GH, Lay AJ, Hunter J, McGrath AP, Jormakka M, Bertolino P, McCaughan G, Kavallaris M, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. The RhoGAP protein ARHGAP18/SENEX localizes to microtubules and regulates their stability in endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1066-1078. [PMID: 28251925 PMCID: PMC5391183 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of a regulator of RhoGTPases (ARHGAP18) is important for microtubule stability and endothelial cell function. The localization is demonstrated by advanced imaging and biochemical techniques. RhoGTPases are important regulators of the cell cytoskeleton, controlling cell shape, migration and proliferation. Previously we showed that ARHGAP18 in endothelial cells is important in cell junctions. Here we show, using structured illumination microscopy (SIM), ground-state depletion (GSD), and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) that a proportion of ARHGAP18 localizes to microtubules in endothelial cells, as well as in nonendothelial cells, an association confirmed biochemically. In endothelial cells, some ARHGAP18 puncta also colocalized to Weibel–Palade bodies on the microtubules. Depletion of ARHGAP18 by small interfering RNA or analysis of endothelial cells isolated from ARHGAP18-knockout mice showed microtubule destabilization, as evidenced by altered morphology and decreased acetylated α-tubulin and glu-tubulin. The destabilization was rescued by inhibition of ROCK and histone deacetylase 6 but not by a GAP-mutant form of ARHGAP18. Depletion of ARHGAP18 resulted in a failure to secrete endothelin-1 and a reduction in neutrophil transmigration, both known to be microtubule dependent. Thrombin, a critical regulator of the Rho-mediated barrier function of endothelial cells through microtubule destabilization, enhanced the plasma membrane–bound fraction of ARHGAP18. Thus, in endothelial cells, ARHGAP18 may act as a significant regulator of vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lovelace
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Powter
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Paul R Coleman
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Amelia Parker
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Garry H Chang
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Angelina J Lay
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Julie Hunter
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Aaron P McGrath
- Structural Biology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mika Jormakka
- Structural Biology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey McCaughan
- Liver Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vadas
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Gamble
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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12
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Chen L, Chu C, Zhang YH, Zhu C, Kong X, Huang T, Cai YD. Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in the Human Brain Stem, Cerebellum and Cerebral Cortex. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159395. [PMID: 27434030 PMCID: PMC4951119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is one of the most mysterious tissues in the body. Our knowledge of the human brain is limited due to the complexity of its structure and the microscopic nature of connections between brain regions and other tissues in the body. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of three brain regions-the brain stem, cerebellum and cerebral cortex-to identify genes that are differentially expressed among these different brain regions in humans and to obtain a list of robust, region-specific, differentially expressed genes by comparing the expression signatures from different individuals. Feature selection methods, specifically minimum redundancy maximum relevance and incremental feature selection, were employed to analyze the gene expression profiles. Sequential minimal optimization, a machine-learning algorithm, was employed to examine the utility of selected genes. We also performed a literature search, and we discuss the experimental evidence for the important physiological functions of several highly ranked genes, including NR2E1, DAO, and LRRC7, and we give our analyses on a gene (TFAP2B) that have not been investigated or experimentally validated. As a whole, the results of our study will improve our ability to predict and understand genes related to brain regionalization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chen Chu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Changming Zhu
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- * E-mail: (YDC); (TH)
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- * E-mail: (YDC); (TH)
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13
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Liu F, Guo H, Ou M, Hou X, Sun G, Gong W, Jing H, Tan Q, Xue W, Dai Y, Sui W. ARHGAP4 mutated in a Chinese intellectually challenged family. Gene 2015; 578:205-9. [PMID: 26707211 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental retardation is characterized by lower intelligence compared to the average intelligence of persons the same age. These patients have low adaptive capacity acquired by society. The genetic factors of causing MR include monogenic disease, chromosome structural aberration, and chromosome number aberration and so on. We explored the cause of a Chinese family suffering from mental retardation. METHODS We used karyotyping technology to determine the karyotype of the proband, and we used FISH to verify the result of the karyotyping. We used whole-exome sequencing to identify the disease-causing gene and used Sanger sequencing to verify the result of whole-exome sequencing to assess the family's gene expression. RESULTS The G-banding of the karyotype revealed that the patient's karyotype is 46, XY. FISH revealed that the patient does not have a trisomy syndrome. The karyotype of the proband is normal. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified 108,767 variants in the exome gene of the patient, including 101,787 SNPs and 6980 InDels. Combining clinical information and bioinformatics analysis, including databases filtering and SIFT analysis, we found ARHGAP4 in X chromosome was candidate MR disease-causing gene. PCR and Sanger sequencing results were consistent with whole-exome sequencing. ARHGAP4 (T491M) mutation was present in the genome of the proband and his mother is a carrier, while his father, sister, and brother do not carry this mutation. CONCLUSION According to clinical information, whole-exome sequencing results and Sanger verification results, ARHGAP4 (T491M) mutation may be disease-causing gene of the MR patient. The relation between ARHGAP4 mutation and MR clinical characteristic is needed to be illuminated with participation of more MR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Liu
- Nephrology Department of Guilin, 181 St Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, 541002 Guilin, Guangxi, China; College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 518020, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Minglin Ou
- Nephrology Department of Guilin, 181 St Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, 541002 Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianliang Hou
- Nephrology Department of Guilin, 181 St Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, 541002 Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Lab. Center, Shenzhen Pingshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Nephrology Department of Guilin, 181 St Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, 541002 Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Huanyun Jing
- Nephrology Department of Guilin, 181 St Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, 541002 Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiupei Tan
- Nephrology Department of Guilin, 181 St Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, 541002 Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Xue
- Nephrology Department of Guilin, 181 St Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, 541002 Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 518020, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weiguo Sui
- Nephrology Department of Guilin, 181 St Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, 541002 Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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14
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Albers HE. Species, sex and individual differences in the vasotocin/vasopressin system: relationship to neurochemical signaling in the social behavior neural network. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 36:49-71. [PMID: 25102443 PMCID: PMC4317378 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-vasotocin (AVT)/arginine vasopressin (AVP) are members of the AVP/oxytocin (OT) superfamily of peptides that are involved in the regulation of social behavior, social cognition and emotion. Comparative studies have revealed that AVT/AVP and their receptors are found throughout the "social behavior neural network (SBNN)" and display the properties expected from a signaling system that controls social behavior (i.e., species, sex and individual differences and modulation by gonadal hormones and social factors). Neurochemical signaling within the SBNN likely involves a complex combination of synaptic mechanisms that co-release multiple chemical signals (e.g., classical neurotransmitters and AVT/AVP as well as other peptides) and non-synaptic mechanisms (i.e., volume transmission). Crosstalk between AVP/OT peptides and receptors within the SBNN is likely. A better understanding of the functional properties of neurochemical signaling in the SBNN will allow for a more refined examination of the relationships between this peptide system and species, sex and individual differences in sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Elliott Albers
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
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15
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Suetsugu S, Kurisu S, Takenawa T. Dynamic shaping of cellular membranes by phospholipids and membrane-deforming proteins. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1219-48. [PMID: 25287863 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All cellular compartments are separated from the external environment by a membrane, which consists of a lipid bilayer. Subcellular structures, including clathrin-coated pits, caveolae, filopodia, lamellipodia, podosomes, and other intracellular membrane systems, are molded into their specific submicron-scale shapes through various mechanisms. Cells construct their micro-structures on plasma membrane and execute vital functions for life, such as cell migration, cell division, endocytosis, exocytosis, and cytoskeletal regulation. The plasma membrane, rich in anionic phospholipids, utilizes the electrostatic nature of the lipids, specifically the phosphoinositides, to form interactions with cytosolic proteins. These cytosolic proteins have three modes of interaction: 1) electrostatic interaction through unstructured polycationic regions, 2) through structured phosphoinositide-specific binding domains, and 3) through structured domains that bind the membrane without specificity for particular phospholipid. Among the structured domains, there are several that have membrane-deforming activity, which is essential for the formation of concave or convex membrane curvature. These domains include the amphipathic helix, which deforms the membrane by hemi-insertion of the helix with both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, and/or the BAR domain superfamily, known to use their positively charged, curved structural surface to deform membranes. Below the membrane, actin filaments support the micro-structures through interactions with several BAR proteins as well as other scaffold proteins, resulting in outward and inward membrane micro-structure formation. Here, we describe the characteristics of phospholipids, and the mechanisms utilized by phosphoinositides to regulate cellular events. We then summarize the precise mechanisms underlying the construction of membrane micro-structures and their involvements in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shusaku Kurisu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Takenawa
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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16
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Yamazaki D, Itoh T, Miki H, Takenawa T. srGAP1 regulates lamellipodial dynamics and cell migratory behavior by modulating Rac1 activity. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:3393-405. [PMID: 24006490 PMCID: PMC3814155 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-04-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
srGAP1 limits Rac1 activity at lamellipodia in a negative feedback manner, allowing concomitant activation of Rac1 and RhoA at lamellipodia. Rho signaling causes membrane ruffling through actomyosin contractility and removes the protrusive structures. Such coordination of Rac and Rho determines migratory behavior through lamellipodial dynamics. The distinct levels of Rac activity differentially regulate the pattern of intrinsic cell migration. However, it remains unknown how Rac activity is modulated and how the level of Rac activity controls cell migratory behavior. Here we show that Slit-Robo GAP 1 (srGAP1) is a modulator of Rac activity in locomotive cells. srGAP1 possesses a GAP activity specific to Rac1 and is recruited to lamellipodia in a Rac1-dependent manner. srGAP1 limits Rac1 activity and allows concomitant activation of Rac1 and RhoA, which are mutually inhibitory. When both GTPases are activated, the protrusive structures caused by Rac1-dependent actin reorganization are spatially restricted and periodically destabilized, causing ruffling by RhoA-induced actomyosin contractility. Depletion of srGAP1 overactivates Rac1 and inactivates RhoA, resulting in continuous spatiotemporal spreading of lamellipodia and a modal shift of intrinsic cell motility from random to directionally persistent. Thus srGAP1 is a key determinant of lamellipodial dynamics and cell migratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamazaki
- Division of Membrane Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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17
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Han Y, Yu G, Sarioglu H, Caballero-Martinez A, Schlott F, Ueffing M, Haase H, Peschel C, Krackhardt AM. Proteomic investigation of the interactome of FMNL1 in hematopoietic cells unveils a role in calcium-dependent membrane plasticity. J Proteomics 2012. [PMID: 23182705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Formin-like 1 (FMNL1) is a formin-related protein highly expressed in hematopoietic cells and overexpressed in leukemias as well as diverse transformed cell lines. It has been described to play a role in diverse functions of hematopoietic cells such as phagocytosis of macrophages as well as polarization and cytotoxicity of T cells. However, the specific role of FMNL1 in these processes has not been clarified yet and regulation by interaction partners in primary hematopoietic cells has never been investigated. We performed a proteomic screen for investigation of the interactome of FMNL1 in primary hematopoietic cells resulting in the identification of a number of interaction partners. Bioinformatic analysis considering semantic similarity suggested the giant protein AHNAK1 to be an essential interaction partner of FMNL1. We confirmed AHNAK1 as a general binding partner for FMNL1 in diverse hematopoietic cells and demonstrate that the N-terminal part of FMNL1 binds to the C-terminus of AHNAK1. Moreover, we show that the constitutively activated form of FMNL1 (FMNL1γ) induces localization of AHNAK1 to the cell membrane. Finally, we provide evidence that overexpression or knock down of FMNL1 has an impact on the capacitative calcium influx after ionomycin-mediated activation of diverse cell lines and primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Han
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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18
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Koshimizu TA, Nakamura K, Egashira N, Hiroyama M, Nonoguchi H, Tanoue A. Vasopressin V1a and V1b Receptors: From Molecules to Physiological Systems. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1813-64. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurohypophysial hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) is essential for a wide range of physiological functions, including water reabsorption, cardiovascular homeostasis, hormone secretion, and social behavior. These and other actions of AVP are mediated by at least three distinct receptor subtypes: V1a, V1b, and V2. Although the antidiuretic action of AVP and V2 receptor in renal distal tubules and collecting ducts is relatively well understood, recent years have seen an increasing understanding of the physiological roles of V1a and V1b receptors. The V1a receptor is originally found in the vascular smooth muscle and the V1b receptor in the anterior pituitary. Deletion of V1a or V1b receptor genes in mice revealed that the contributions of these receptors extend far beyond cardiovascular or hormone-secreting functions. Together with extensively developed pharmacological tools, genetically altered rodent models have advanced the understanding of a variety of AVP systems. Our report reviews the findings in this important field by covering a wide range of research, from the molecular physiology of V1a and V1b receptors to studies on whole animals, including gene knockout/knockdown studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-aki Koshimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masami Hiroyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonoguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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19
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Huang L, Poke G, Gecz J, Gibson K. A novel contiguous gene deletion of AVPR2 and ARHGAP4 genes in male dizygotic twins with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2511-8. [PMID: 22965914 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The clinical features of loss of ARHGAP4 function remain unclear despite several reports of different patterns of deletions inactivating different functional regions of the protein. The protein encoded by ARHGAP4 is thought to function as a Rho GTPase activating protein. Characterization of the genetic defect causing X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and intellectual disability in two dizygotic twin brothers revealed a novel contiguous deletion of 17,905 bp encompassing the entire AVPR2 gene and extending into intron 7 of the ARHGAP4 gene. Examination of their mother showed that she was a carrier of this deletion. An attempt was made to distinguish the putative clinical signs of an ARHGAP4 deletion from the well-defined phenotype of X-linked NDI caused by an AVPR2 gene deletion. By reviewing all characterized deletions encompassing ARHGAP4, we reconsider the potential role of ARHGAP4 in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Huang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, China
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20
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Coutinho-Budd J, Ghukasyan V, Zylka MJ, Polleux F. The F-BAR domains from srGAP1, srGAP2 and srGAP3 regulate membrane deformation differently. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3390-401. [PMID: 22467852 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.098962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination of membrane deformation and cytoskeletal dynamics lies at the heart of many biological processes critical for cell polarity, motility and morphogenesis. We have recently shown that Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 2 (srGAP2) regulates neuronal morphogenesis through the ability of its F-BAR domain to regulate membrane deformation and induce filopodia formation. Here, we demonstrate that the F-BAR domains of two closely related family members, srGAP1 and srGAP3 [designated F-BAR(1) and F-BAR(3), respectively] display significantly different membrane deformation properties in non-neuronal COS7 cells and in cortical neurons. F-BAR(3) induces filopodia in both cell types, though less potently than F-BAR(2), whereas F-BAR(1) prevents filopodia formation in cortical neurons and reduces plasma membrane dynamics. These three F-BAR domains can heterodimerize, and they act synergistically towards filopodia induction in COS7 cells. As measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, F-BAR(2) displays faster molecular dynamics than F-BAR(3) and F-BAR(1) at the plasma membrane, which correlates well with its increased potency to induce filopodia. We also show that the molecular dynamic properties of F-BAR(2) at the membrane are partially dependent on F-Actin. Interestingly, acute phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)] depletion in cells does not interfere with plasma membrane localization of F-BAR(2), which is compatible with our result showing that F-BAR(2) binds to a broad range of negatively-charged phospholipids present at the plasma membrane, including phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Overall, our results provide novel insights into the functional diversity of the membrane deformation properties of this subclass of F-BAR-domains required for cell morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeda Coutinho-Budd
- Neurobiology Curriculum University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7250, USA
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21
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Stevenson EL, Caldwell HK. The vasopressin 1b receptor and the neural regulation of social behavior. Horm Behav 2012; 61:277-82. [PMID: 22178035 PMCID: PMC3310934 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To date, much of the work in rodents implicating vasopressin (Avp) in the regulation of social behavior has focused on its action via the Avp 1a receptor (Avpr1a). However, there is mounting evidence that the Avp 1b receptor (Avpr1b) also plays a significant role in Avp's modulation of social behavior. The Avpr1b is heavily expressed on the anterior pituitary cortiocotrophs where it acts as an important modulator of the endocrine stress response. In the brain, the Avpr1b is prominent in the CA2 region of the hippocampus, but can also be found in areas such as the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the olfactory bulb. Studies that have employed genetic knockouts or pharmacological manipulation of the Avpr1b point to the importance of central Avpr1b in the modulation of social behavior. However, there continues to be a knowledge gap in our understanding of where in the brain this is occurring, as well as how and if the central actions of Avp acting via the Avpr1b interact with the stress axis. In this review we focus on the genetic and pharmacological studies that have implicated the Avpr1b in the neural regulation of social behaviors, including social forms of aggressive behavior, social memory, and social motivation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Stevenson
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Behavior, Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242,, USA
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22
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Hazell GG, Hindmarch CC, Pope GR, Roper JA, Lightman SL, Murphy D, O’Carroll AM, Lolait SJ. G protein-coupled receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei--serpentine gateways to neuroendocrine homeostasis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2012; 33:45-66. [PMID: 21802439 PMCID: PMC3336209 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors in the mammalian genome. They are activated by a multitude of different ligands that elicit rapid intracellular responses to regulate cell function. Unsurprisingly, a large proportion of therapeutic agents target these receptors. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus are important mediators in homeostatic control. Many modulators of PVN/SON activity, including neurotransmitters and hormones act via GPCRs--in fact over 100 non-chemosensory GPCRs have been detected in either the PVN or SON. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the expression of GPCRs within the PVN/SON, including data from recent transcriptomic studies that potentially expand the repertoire of GPCRs that may have functional roles in these hypothalamic nuclei. We also present some aspects of the regulation and known roles of GPCRs in PVN/SON, which are likely complemented by the activity of 'orphan' GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen J. Lolait
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
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23
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Morris SM, Akerman GS, Desai VG, Tsai CA, Tolleson WH, Melchior WB, Lin CJ, Fuscoe JC, Casciano DA, Chen JJ. Effect of p53 genotype on gene expression profiles in murine liver. Mutat Res 2008; 640:54-73. [PMID: 18206960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a key regulatory element in the cell and is regarded as the "guardian of the genome". Much of the present knowledge of p53 function has come from studies of transgenic mice in which the p53 gene has undergone a targeted deletion. In order to provide additional insight into the impact on the cellular regulatory networks associated with the loss of this gene, microarray technology was utilized to assess gene expression in tissues from both the p53(-/-) and p53(+/-) mice. Six male mice from each genotype (p53(+/+), p53(+/-), and p53(-/-)) were humanely killed and the tissues processed for microarray analysis. The initial studies have been performed in the liver for which the Dunnett test revealed 1406 genes to be differentially expressed between p53(+/+) and p53(+/-) or between p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) at the level of p < or = 0.05. Both genes with increased expression and decreased expression were identified in p53(+/-) and in p53(-/-) mice. Most notable in the gene list derived from the p53(+/-) mice was the significant reduction in p53 mRNA. In the p53(-/-) mice, not only was there reduced expression of the p53 genes on the array, but genes associated with DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were differentially expressed, as expected. However, altered expression was noted for many genes in the Cdc42-GTPase pathways that influence cell proliferation. This may indicate that alternate pathways are brought into play in the unperturbed liver when loss or reduction in p53 levels occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Morris
- Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
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24
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Aspenström P. Roles of F-BAR/PCH proteins in the regulation of membrane dynamics and actin reorganization. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 272:1-31. [PMID: 19121815 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Pombe Cdc15 Homology (PCH) proteins have emerged in many species as important coordinators of signaling pathways that regulate actomyosin assembly and membrane dynamics. The hallmark of the PCH proteins is the presence of a Fes/CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvsp (F-BAR) domain; therefore they are commonly referred to as F-BAR proteins. The prototype F-BAR protein, Cdc15p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has a role in the formation of the contractile actomyosin ring during cytokinesis. Vertebrate F-BAR proteins have an established role in binding phospholipids and they participate in membrane deformations, for instance, during the internalization of transmembrane receptors. This way the F-BAR proteins will function as linkers between the actin polymerization apparatus and the machinery regulating membrane dynamics. Interestingly, some members of the F-BAR proteins are implicated in inflammatory or neurodegenerative disorders and the observations can be expected to have clinical implications for the treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Caldwell HK, Lee HJ, Macbeth AH, Young WS. Vasopressin: behavioral roles of an "original" neuropeptide. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 84:1-24. [PMID: 18053631 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vasopressin (Avp) is mainly synthesized in the magnocellular cells of the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) whose axons project to the posterior pituitary. Avp is then released into the blood stream upon appropriate stimulation (e.g., hemorrhage or dehydration) to act at the kidneys and blood vessels. The brain also contains several populations of smaller, parvocellular neurons whose projections remain within the brain. These populations are located within the PVN, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), medial amygdala (MeA) and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Since the 1950s, research examining the roles of Avp in the brain and periphery has intensified. The development of specific agonists and antagonists for Avp receptors has allowed for a better elucidation of its contributions to physiology and behavior. Anatomical, pharmacological and transgenic, including "knockout," animal studies have implicated Avp in the regulation of various social behaviors across species. Avp plays a prominent role in the regulation of aggression, generally of facilitating or promoting it. Affiliation and certain aspects of pair-bonding are also influenced by Avp. Memory, one of the first brain functions of Avp that was investigated, has been implicated especially strongly in social recognition. The roles of Avp in stress, anxiety, and depressive states are areas of active exploration. In this review, we concentrate on the scientific progress that has been made in understanding the role of Avp in regulating these and other behaviors across species. We also discuss the implications for human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Caldwell
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, NIMH, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Vogt D, Gray C, Young WS, Orellana S, Malouf A. ARHGAP4 is a novel RhoGAP that mediates inhibition of cell motility and axon outgrowth. Mol Cell Neurosci 2007; 36:332-42. [PMID: 17804252 PMCID: PMC2111057 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This report examines the structure and function of ARHGAP4, a novel RhoGAP whose structural features make it ideally suited to regulate the cytoskeletal dynamics that control cell motility and axon outgrowth. Our studies show that ARHGAP4 inhibits the migration of NIH/3T3 cells and the outgrowth of hippocampal axons. ARHGAP4 contains an N-terminal FCH domain, a central GTPase activating (GAP) domain and a C-terminal SH3 domain. Our structure/function analyses show that the FCH domain appears to be important for spatially localizing ARHGAP4 to the leading edges of migrating NIH/3T3 cells and to axon growth cones. Our analyses also show that the GAP domain and C-terminus are necessary for ARHGAP4-mediated inhibition of cell and axon motility. These observations suggest that ARHGAP4 can act as a potent inhibitor of cell and axon motility when it is localized to the leading edge of motile cells and axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.L. Vogt
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., MS 6003, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - C.D. Gray
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., MS 6003, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - W. Scott Young
- The Section on Neural Gene Expression, NIMH, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - S.A. Orellana
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., MS 6003, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., MS 6003, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - A.T. Malouf
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., MS 6003, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., MS 6003, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Alfred Malouf, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., MS 6040, Cleveland, OH 44106. (216) 844-7289 (P), (216) 844-3928 (FAX), Email
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Henne WM, Kent HM, Ford MGJ, Hegde BG, Daumke O, Butler PJG, Mittal R, Langen R, Evans PR, McMahon HT. Structure and Analysis of FCHo2 F-BAR Domain: A Dimerizing and Membrane Recruitment Module that Effects Membrane Curvature. Structure 2007; 15:839-52. [PMID: 17540576 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A spectrum of membrane curvatures exists within cells, and proteins have evolved different modules to detect, create, and maintain these curvatures. Here we present the crystal structure of one such module found within human FCHo2. This F-BAR (extended FCH) module consists of two F-BAR domains, forming an intrinsically curved all-helical antiparallel dimer with a Kd of 2.5 microM. The module binds liposomes via a concave face, deforming them into tubules with variable diameters of up to 130 nm. Pulse EPR studies showed the membrane-bound dimer is the same as the crystal dimer, although the N-terminal helix changed conformation on membrane binding. Mutation of a phenylalanine on this helix partially attenuated narrow tubule formation, and resulted in a gain of curvature sensitivity. This structure shows a distant relationship to curvature-sensing BAR modules, and suggests how similar coiled-coil architectures in the BAR superfamily have evolved to expand the repertoire of membrane-sculpting possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mike Henne
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB1 0QH, United Kingdom
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Schulz A, Römpler H, Mitschke D, Thor D, Schliebe N, Hermsdorf T, Strotmann R, Sangkuhl K, Schöneberg T. Molecular basis and clinical features of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2006; 1:727-741. [PMID: 30754158 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.1.6.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis is central to mammalian survival and, therefore, under stringent hormonal control. Water homeostasis is achieved by balancing fluid intake with water excretion, governed by the antidiuretic action of arginine vasopressin. Arginine vasopressin stimulation of renal V2 vasopressin receptors in the basolateral membrane of principal cells induces aquaporin-2-mediated water reabsorption in the kidney. The importance of this system is apparent when mutations inactivate V2 vasopressin receptors and aquaporin-2 and cause the clinical phenotype of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. To date, over 190 mutations in the V2 vasopressin receptors gene (AVPR2) and approximately 38 mutations in the aquaporin-2 gene have been identified in patients with inherited nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Extensive in vitro expression and mutagenesis studies of V2 vasopressin receptors and aquaporin-2 have provided detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptor and water channel dysfunction per se. Targeted deletions of AVPR2 and AQP2 in mice have extended the knowledge of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus pathophysiology and have stimulated testing of old and new ideas to therapeutically restore normal kidney function in animal models and patients with this disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge relevant to understand the molecular basis of inherited nephrogenic diabetes insipidus forms and the rationales for the current pharmacological treatment of patients with this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schulz
- a University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Holger Römpler
- b University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Doreen Mitschke
- c University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Doreen Thor
- d University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nicole Schliebe
- e University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hermsdorf
- f University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rainer Strotmann
- g University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Katrin Sangkuhl
- h Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, USA.
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- i University of Leipzig, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Egea G, Lázaro-Diéguez F, Vilella M. Actin dynamics at the Golgi complex in mammalian cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2006; 18:168-78. [PMID: 16488588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Secretion and endocytosis are highly dynamic processes that are sensitive to external stimuli. Thus, in multicellular organisms, different cell types utilize specialised pathways of intracellular membrane traffic to facilitate specific physiological functions. In addition to the complex internal molecular factors that govern sorting functions and fission or fusion of transport carriers, the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in both the endocytic and secretory pathways. The interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking is not restricted to transport processes: it also appears to be directly involved in the biogenesis of Golgi-derived transport carriers (budding and fission processes) and in the maintenance of the unique flat shape of Golgi cisternae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Egea
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Medicina and Instituts de Nanociències i Nanotecnologia (IN(2)UB) and d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Uhlén M, Björling E, Agaton C, Szigyarto CAK, Amini B, Andersen E, Andersson AC, Angelidou P, Asplund A, Asplund C, Berglund L, Bergström K, Brumer H, Cerjan D, Ekström M, Elobeid A, Eriksson C, Fagerberg L, Falk R, Fall J, Forsberg M, Björklund MG, Gumbel K, Halimi A, Hallin I, Hamsten C, Hansson M, Hedhammar M, Hercules G, Kampf C, Larsson K, Lindskog M, Lodewyckx W, Lund J, Lundeberg J, Magnusson K, Malm E, Nilsson P, Odling J, Oksvold P, Olsson I, Oster E, Ottosson J, Paavilainen L, Persson A, Rimini R, Rockberg J, Runeson M, Sivertsson A, Sköllermo A, Steen J, Stenvall M, Sterky F, Strömberg S, Sundberg M, Tegel H, Tourle S, Wahlund E, Waldén A, Wan J, Wernérus H, Westberg J, Wester K, Wrethagen U, Xu LL, Hober S, Pontén F. A human protein atlas for normal and cancer tissues based on antibody proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2005; 4:1920-32. [PMID: 16127175 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m500279-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1067] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based proteomics provides a powerful approach for the functional study of the human proteome involving the systematic generation of protein-specific affinity reagents. We used this strategy to construct a comprehensive, antibody-based protein atlas for expression and localization profiles in 48 normal human tissues and 20 different cancers. Here we report a new publicly available database containing, in the first version, approximately 400,000 high resolution images corresponding to more than 700 antibodies toward human proteins. Each image has been annotated by a certified pathologist to provide a knowledge base for functional studies and to allow queries about protein profiles in normal and disease tissues. Our results suggest it should be possible to extend this analysis to the majority of all human proteins thus providing a valuable tool for medical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Uhlén
- Department of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ghorbel MT, Becker KG, Henley JM. Profile of changes in gene expression in cultured hippocampal neurones evoked by the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen. Physiol Genomics 2005. [PMID: 15784695 DOI: 10.1152/physiol] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(B)Rs) play a critical role in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. However, little is known about a possible long-term effect requiring transcriptional changes. Here, using microarray technology and RT-PCR of RNA from cultured rat embryonic hippocampal neurones, we report the profile of genes that are up- or downregulated by activation of GABA(B)Rs by baclofen but are not changed by baclofen in the presence of the GABA(B)R antagonist CGP-55845A. Our data show, for the first time, regulation of transcription of defined mRNAs after specific GABA(B) receptor activation. The identified genes can be grouped into those encoding signal transduction, endocytosis/trafficking, and structural classes of proteins. For example, butyrylcholinesterase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and COPS5 (Jab1) genes were upregulated, whereas Rab8 interacting protein and Rho GTPase-activating protein 4 were downregulated. These results provide important baseline genomic data for future studies aimed at investigating the long-term effects of GABA(B)R activation in neurones such as their roles in neuronal growth, pathway formation and stabilization, and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Ghorbel
- Medical Research Council Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Ghorbel MT, Becker KG, Henley JM. Profile of changes in gene expression in cultured hippocampal neurones evoked by the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen. Physiol Genomics 2005; 22:93-8. [PMID: 15784695 PMCID: PMC1563181 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00202.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(B)Rs) play a critical role in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. However, little is known about a possible long-term effect requiring transcriptional changes. Here, using microarray technology and RT-PCR of RNA from cultured rat embryonic hippocampal neurones, we report the profile of genes that are up- or downregulated by activation of GABA(B)Rs by baclofen but are not changed by baclofen in the presence of the GABA(B)R antagonist CGP-55845A. Our data show, for the first time, regulation of transcription of defined mRNAs after specific GABA(B) receptor activation. The identified genes can be grouped into those encoding signal transduction, endocytosis/trafficking, and structural classes of proteins. For example, butyrylcholinesterase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and COPS5 (Jab1) genes were upregulated, whereas Rab8 interacting protein and Rho GTPase-activating protein 4 were downregulated. These results provide important baseline genomic data for future studies aimed at investigating the long-term effects of GABA(B)R activation in neurones such as their roles in neuronal growth, pathway formation and stabilization, and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Ghorbel
- Medical Research Council Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Lavelin I, Geiger B. Characterization of a novel GTPase-activating protein associated with focal adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:7178-85. [PMID: 15611138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411990200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we characterize a novel RhoGAP protein (RC-GAP72) that interacts with actin stress fibers, focal adhesions, and cell-cell adherens junctions via its 185-amino acid C-terminal region. Overexpression of RC-GAP72 in fibroblasts induces cell rounding with partial or complete disruption of actin stress fibers and formation of membrane ruffles, lamellipodia, and filopodia. RC-GAP72 mutant truncated downstream of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain retains the ability to stimulate membrane protrusions but fails to affect stress fiber integrity or induce cell retraction. A mutant protein consisting of the C terminus of RC-GAP72 and lacking the GAP domain does not exert any visible effect on cellular morphology. Inactivation of the GAP domain by a point mutation does not abolish the effect of RC-GAP72 on actin stress fibers but moderates its capability to induce membrane protrusions. Our data imply that the cytoskeletal localization of RC-GAP72 and its interaction with GTPases are essential for its effect on the integrity of actin stress fibers, whereas the induction of lamellipodia and filopodia depends on the activity of the GAP domain irrespective of binding to the actin cytoskeleton. We propose that RC-GAP72 affects cellular morphology by targeting activated Cdc42 and Rac1 GTPases to specific subcellular sites, triggering local morphological changes. The overall physiological functions of RC-GAP72 are presently unknown, yet our data suggest that RC-GAP72 plays a role in regulating cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Lavelin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Young WS, Gainer H. Transgenesis and the study of expression, cellular targeting and function of oxytocin, vasopressin and their receptors. Neuroendocrinology 2003; 78:185-203. [PMID: 14583651 DOI: 10.1159/000073702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2003] [Accepted: 08/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin and the neurons in the hypothalamus that synthesize them have been a rich source for the exploration and understanding of both the brain and the endocrine system. Because of their large size and compact nuclear organization the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system have traditionally attracted scientists using state-of-the-art techniques, including the subject of this review, transgenesis. We discuss the role of transgenics in deciphering gene elements necessary for the appropriate expression of oxytocin and vasopressin and to deliver exogenous genes, such as green fluorescent protein, selectively to secretory granules in the neurons in the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system. Finally, we review the studies of mice whose genes for oxytocin and, most recently, for the oxytocin and vasopressin receptors have been knocked out through homologous recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Scott Young
- National Institute of Mental Health and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-4068, USA.
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