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Cucu I, Nicolescu MI. A Synopsis of Signaling Crosstalk of Pericytes and Endothelial Cells in Salivary Gland. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9120144. [PMID: 34940041 PMCID: PMC8700478 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland (SG) microvasculature constitutes a dynamic cellular organization instrumental to preserving tissue stability and homeostasis. The interplay between pericytes (PCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) culminates as a key ingredient that coordinates the development, maturation, and integrity of vessel building blocks. PCs, as a variety of mesenchymal stem cells, enthrall in the field of regenerative medicine, supporting the notion of regeneration and repair. PC-EC interconnections are pivotal in the kinetic and intricate process of angiogenesis during both embryological and post-natal development. The disruption of this complex interlinkage corresponds to SG pathogenesis, including inflammation, autoimmune disorders (Sjögren’s syndrome), and tumorigenesis. Here, we provided a global portrayal of major signaling pathways between PCs and ECs that cooperate to enhance vascular steadiness through the synergistic interchange. Additionally, we delineated how the crosstalk among molecular networks affiliate to contribute to a malignant context. Additionally, within SG microarchitecture, telocytes and myoepithelial cells assemble a labyrinthine companionship, which together with PCs appear to synchronize the regenerative potential of parenchymal constituents. By underscoring the intricacy of signaling cascades within cellular latticework, this review sketched a perceptive basis for target-selective drugs to safeguard SG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cucu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu
- Division of Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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2
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Therapeutic effects of exercise, escitalopram, and exercise-accompanied escitalopram on brain functions in rats with depression. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Pelullo M, Zema S, Nardozza F, Checquolo S, Screpanti I, Bellavia D. Wnt, Notch, and TGF-β Pathways Impinge on Hedgehog Signaling Complexity: An Open Window on Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:711. [PMID: 31552081 PMCID: PMC6736567 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is associated with increased risk of developing several malignancies. The biological and pathogenic importance of Hh signaling emphasizes the need to control its action tightly, both physiologically and therapeutically. Evidence of crosstalk between Hh and other signaling pathways is reported in many tumor types. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the communication between Hh and major signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which play critical roles in both embryonic and adult life. When these pathways are unbalanced, impaired crosstalk contributes to disease development. It is reported that more than one of these pathways are active in different type of tumors, at the same time. Therefore, starting from a plethora of stimuli that activate multiple signaling pathways, we describe the signals that preferentially converge on the Hh signaling cascade that influence its activity. Moreover, we highlight several connection points between Hh and Notch, Wnt, or TGF-β pathways, showing a reciprocal synergism that contributes to tumorigenesis, supporting a more malignant behavior by tumor cells, such as in leukemia and brain tumors. Understanding the importance of these molecular interlinking networks will provide a rational basis for combined anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pelullo
- Center of Life Nano Science Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Zema
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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4
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Dallérac G, Graupner M, Knippenberg J, Martinez RCR, Tavares TF, Tallot L, El Massioui N, Verschueren A, Höhn S, Bertolus JB, Reyes A, LeDoux JE, Schafe GE, Diaz-Mataix L, Doyère V. Updating temporal expectancy of an aversive event engages striatal plasticity under amygdala control. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13920. [PMID: 28067224 PMCID: PMC5227703 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pavlovian aversive conditioning requires learning of the association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned, aversive stimulus (US) but also involves encoding the time interval between the two stimuli. The neurobiological bases of this time interval learning are unknown. Here, we show that in rats, the dorsal striatum and basal amygdala belong to a common functional network underlying temporal expectancy and learning of a CS-US interval. Importantly, changes in coherence between striatum and amygdala local field potentials (LFPs) were found to couple these structures during interval estimation within the lower range of the theta rhythm (3-6 Hz). Strikingly, we also show that a change to the CS-US time interval results in long-term changes in cortico-striatal synaptic efficacy under the control of the amygdala. Collectively, this study reveals physiological correlates of plasticity mechanisms of interval timing that take place in the striatum and are regulated by the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Dallérac
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Michael Graupner
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Jeroen Knippenberg
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Raquel Chacon Ruiz Martinez
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Teaching and Research Institute, Hospital Sirio Libanes, Rua Professor Daher Cutait, 69, Sao Paulo 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Ferreira Tavares
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Lucille Tallot
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Nicole El Massioui
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Anna Verschueren
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
- École Normale Supérieure, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Sophie Höhn
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Julie Boulanger Bertolus
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
- École Normale Supérieure, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Alex Reyes
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Joseph E. LeDoux
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA
| | - Glenn E. Schafe
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lorenzo Diaz-Mataix
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Valérie Doyère
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
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5
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Sagar V, Atluri VSR, Pilakka-Kanthikeel S, Nair M. Magnetic nanotherapeutics for dysregulated synaptic plasticity during neuroAIDS and drug abuse. Mol Brain 2016; 9:57. [PMID: 27216740 PMCID: PMC4878083 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a neurotropic virus. It induces neurotoxicity and subsequent brain pathologies in different brain cells. Addiction to recreational drugs remarkably affects the initiation of HIV infections and expedites the progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated neuropathogenesis. Symptoms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are noticed in many AIDS patients. At least 50 % of HIV diagnosed cases show one or other kind of neuropathological signs or symptoms during different stages of disease progression. In the same line, mild to severe neurological alterations are seen in at least 80 % autopsies of AIDS patients. Neurological illnesses weaken the connections between neurons causing significant altercations in synaptic plasticity. Synaptic plasticity alterations during HIV infection and recreational drug abuse are mediated by complex cellular phenomena involving changes in gene expression and subsequent loss of dendritic and spine morphology and physiology. New treatment strategies with ability to deliver drugs across blood-brain barrier (BBB) are being intensively investigated. In this context, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based nanoformulations have shown significant potential for target specificity, drug delivery, drug release, and bioavailability of desired amount of drugs in non-invasive brain targeting. MNPs-based potential therapies to promote neuronal plasticity during HIV infection and recreational drug abuse are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sagar
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine/Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Venkata Subba Rao Atluri
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine/Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Sudheesh Pilakka-Kanthikeel
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine/Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine/Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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6
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Lee TW, Tsang VWK, Birch NP. Physiological and pathological roles of tissue plasminogen activator and its inhibitor neuroserpin in the nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:396. [PMID: 26528129 PMCID: PMC4602146 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although its roles in the vascular space are most well-known, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is widely expressed in the developing and adult nervous system, where its activity is believed to be regulated by neuroserpin, a predominantly brain-specific member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors. In the normal physiological state, tPA has been shown to play roles in the development and plasticity of the nervous system. Ischemic damage, however, may lead to excess tPA activity in the brain and this is believed to contribute to neurodegeneration. In this article, we briefly review the physiological and pathological roles of tPA in the nervous system, which includes neuronal migration, axonal growth, synaptic plasticity, neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, as well as a contribution to neurological disease. We summarize tPA's multiple mechanisms of action and also highlight the contributions of the inhibitor neuroserpin to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tet Woo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vicky W K Tsang
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P Birch
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand ; Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Xu Q, Li MD. Nicotine modulates expression of dynamin 1 in rat brain and SH-SY5Y cells. Neurosci Lett 2011; 489:168-71. [PMID: 21159320 PMCID: PMC3025076 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous genetic and proteomic studies demonstrated that dynamin 1 is significantly associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in human smokers and its expression is highly modulated by nicotine in the brains of animals. To provide further molecular evidence for the involvement of dynamin 1 in the etiology of ND, we investigated the regulatory effect of nicotine on the expression of dynamin 1 using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. With quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we found that dynamin 1 mRNA was significantly downregulated, by 30%, 31%, and 38%, in the striatum, hippocampus, and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), respectively, of nicotine-treated rats (P<0.01 for all three regions). Further, dynamin 1 protein was downregulated by nicotine in the ventral tegmental area (VTA: 39.5%; P<0.01), hippocampus (13.4%, P<0.05), MBH (24.6%, P<0.01), and amygdala (15.7%, P<0.05). We also determined the effect of nicotine on human SH-SY5Y cells and found that dynamin 1 mRNA was significantly down-regulated by nicotine after treatment (51.4%; P<0.01), and a consistent decrease in the amount of the protein was also observed (36.6%; P<0.05). Taken together, our findings provide further molecular evidence for the involvement of dynamin 1 in the etiology of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Institute of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA
| | - Ming D. Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA
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8
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Nicotine modulates expression of miR-140*, which targets the 3'-untranslated region of dynamin 1 gene (Dnm1). Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2009; 12:537-46. [PMID: 18845019 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145708009528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine stimulation regulates expression of a diversity of genes, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous RNAs known to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. To test our hypothesis that miRNAs could mediate nicotine's effect on gene expression regulation, we profiled miRNA expression to explore to what extent miRNAs are modulated by nicotine. Using a rodent miRNA microarray and rat PC12 cell model, we revealed that nicotine selectively modulates expression of multiple miRNAs, indicating that the miRNA pathway is one of cellular mechanisms involved in gene expression regulated by nicotine. Specifically, we demonstrated that nicotine increases expression of miR-140*, coordinated with the nicotine-augmented expression of its host gene WWP2. Further, we demonstrated that miR-140* targets the 3'-untranslated region of dynamin 1 gene (Dnm1), by direct base-pairing. This targeting represses gene translation in the luciferase reporter assay and induces messenger RNA degradation in Dnm1 expression analysis. Consequently, our data indicate that nicotine regulates Dnm1 expression via the miRNA pathway. Because dynamin 1 has an essential role in synaptic endocytosis in the central nervous system, nicotine-induced miRNA-mediated dynamin 1 expression regulation may illustrate its importance in neural plasticity, which underlies a molecular mechanism of nicotine addiction.
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9
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Cnops L, Hu TT, Burnat K, Arckens L. Influence of binocular competition on the expression profiles of CRMP2, CRMP4, Dyn I, and Syt I in developing cat visual cortex. Cereb Cortex 2007; 18:1221-31. [PMID: 17951599 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhm157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual cortex is vulnerable to changes in visual input, especially during the critical period when numerous molecules drive the refinement of the circuitry. From a list of potential actors identified in a recent proteomics study, we selected 2 collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMP2/CRMP4) and 2 synaptic proteins, Dynamin I (Dyn I) and Synaptotagmin I (Syt I), for in-depth analysis of their developmental expression profile in cat visual cortex. CRMP2 and CRMP4 levels were high early in life and clearly declined toward adulthood. In contrast, Dyn I expression levels progressively augmented during maturation. Syt I showed low levels at eye opening and in adults, high levels around the peak of the critical period, and maximal levels at juvenile age. We further determined a role for each molecule in ocular dominance plasticity. CRMP2 and Syt I levels decreased in area 17 upon monocular deprivation, whereas CRMP4 and Dyn I levels remained unaffected. In contrast, binocular removal of pattern vision had no influence on CRMP2 and Syt I expression in kitten area 17. This study illustrates that not the loss of quality of vision through visual deprivation, but disruption of normal binocular visual experience is crucial to induce the observed molecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Cnops
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Daniel PB, Lux W, Samson AL, Schleuning WD, Niego B, Weiss TW, Tjärnlund-Wolf A, Medcalf RL. Two conserved regions within the tissue-type plasminogen activator gene promoter mediate regulation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. FEBS J 2007; 274:2411-23. [PMID: 17419735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has recently been identified as a modulator of neuronal plasticity and can initiate conversion of the pro-form of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) into its mature form. BDNF also increases t-PA gene expression implicating t-PA as a downstream effector of BDNF function. Here we demonstrate that BDNF-mediated induction of t-PA mRNA requires an increase in t-PA gene transcription. Reporter constructs harboring 9.5 kb of the human t-PA promoter conferred BDNF-responsiveness in transfected mouse primary cortical neurons. This regulation was recapitulated in HEK 293 cells coexpressing the TrkB neurotrophin receptor. t-PA promoter-deletion analysis revealed the presence of two BDNF-responsive domains, one located between -3.07 and -2.5 kb and the other within the proximal promoter. The upstream region was shown to confer BDNF responsiveness in a TrkB-dependent manner when attached to a heterologous promoter. We also identify homologous regions within the murine and bovine t-PA gene promoters and demonstrate that the equivalent upstream murine sequence functions as a BDNF-responsive enhancer when inserted 5' of the human proximal t-PA promoter. Hence, BDNF-mediated induction of t-PA transcription relies on conserved modular promoter elements including a novel upstream BDNF-responsive domain and the proximal t-PA gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Daniel
- Monash University, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Cnops L, Hu TT, Eysel UT, Arckens L. Effect of binocular retinal lesions on CRMP2 and CRMP4 but not Dyn I and Syt I expression in adult cat area 17. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25:1395-401. [PMID: 17425566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Removal of retinal input from a restricted region of adult cat visual cortex leads to a substantial reorganization of the retinotopy within the sensory-deprived cortical lesion projection zone (LPZ). Still little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this cortical map reorganization. We chose two members of the collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) family, CRMP2 and CRMP4, because of their involvement in neurite growth, and compared gene and protein expression levels between normal control and reorganizing visual cortex upon induction of central retinal lesions. Parallel analysis of Dynamin I (Dyn I) and Synaptotagmin I (Syt I), two molecules implicated in the exocytosis-endocytosis cycle, was performed because changes in neurotransmitter release have been implicated in cortical plasticity. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed a clear time-dependent effect of retinal lesioning on CRMP2 and CRMP4 expression, with maximal impact 2 weeks post-lesion. Altered CRMP levels were not a direct consequence of decreased visual activity in the LPZ as complete surgical removal of retinal input to one hemisphere had no effect on CRMP2 or CRMP4 expression. Thus, CRMP expression is correlated to cortical reorganization following partial deafferentation of adult visual cortex. In contrast, Dyn I and Syt I were not influenced and thereby do not promote exocytosis-endocytosis cycle modifications in adult cat cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Cnops
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Frueh FW, Lesko LJ, Burckart GJ. Progress in the Direct Application of Pharmacogenomics to Patient Care: Sustaining innovation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2007. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2007.15.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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13
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Kim JW, Lee SY, Joo SH, Song MR, Shin CY. Beyond Clot Dissolution; Role of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Central Nervous System. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2007. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2007.15.1.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Shin CY, Kundel M, Wells DG. Rapid, activity-induced increase in tissue plasminogen activator is mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent mRNA translation. J Neurosci 2005; 24:9425-33. [PMID: 15496678 PMCID: PMC6730095 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2457-04.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term synaptic plasticity is both protein synthesis-dependent and synapse-specific. Therefore, the identity of the newly synthesized proteins, their localization, and mechanism of regulation are critical to our understanding of this process. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a secreted protease required for some forms of long-term synaptic plasticity. Here, we show tPA activity is rapidly increased in hippocampal neurons after glutamate stimulation. This increase in tPA activity corresponds to an increase in tPA protein synthesis that results from the translational activation of mRNA present at the time of stimulation. Furthermore, the mRNA encoding tPA is present in dendrites and is rapidly polyadenylated after glutamate stimulation. Both the polyadenylation of tPA mRNA and the subsequent increase in tPA protein is dependent on metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation. A similar mGluR-dependent increase in tPA activity was detected after stimulation of a synaptic fraction isolated from the hippocampus, suggesting tPA synthesis is occurring in the synaptodendritic region. Finally, we demonstrate that tPA mRNA is bound by the mRNA-binding protein CPEB (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein-1), a protein known to regulate mRNA translation via polyadenylation. These results indicate that neurons are capable of synthesizing a secreted protein in the synaptic region, that mGluR activation induces mRNA polyadenylation and translation of specific mRNA, and suggest a model for synaptic plasticity whereby translational regulation of an immediate early gene precedes the increase in gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Y Shin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
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15
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Sawada T, Morinobu S, Tsuji S, Kawano K, Watanabe T, Suenaga T, Takahashi T, Yamawaki S, Nishida A. Reduction in levels of amphiphysin 1 mRNA in the hippocampus of aged rats subjected to repeated variable stress. Neuroscience 2004; 126:461-6. [PMID: 15207364 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various neurobiological studies of aging indicate that elevated levels of circulating glucocorticoids lead to hippocampal vulnerability to stress, though little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying stress vulnerability in the elderly. We have compared the gene expression profiles in the hippocampus of aged (20 months) and adult (3 months) rats in response to repeated variable stress (RVS) for 4 days, using a cDNA array technique and real-time quantitative PCR, to identify putative genes involved in the mechanism of stress vulnerability in the elderly. We found a significant decrease in the levels of amphiphysin 1 mRNA in aged rats subjected to RVS compared with treated and untreated adult rats or to untreated aged rats. Similarly, we found a significant decrease in hippocampal levels of amphiphysin 1 mRNA in aged rats subjected to RVS for 8 days, but not in those subjected to a single VS. These findings suggest that the decrease in the hippocampal levels of amphiphysin 1 mRNA in response to repeated stress may be involved in the stress vulnerability in the elderly, and may lead to the disturbance of learning and memory under stressful conditions in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sawada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
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16
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Horwood JM, Ripley TL, Stephens DN. Evidence for disrupted NMDA receptor function in tissue plasminogen activator knockout mice. Behav Brain Res 2004; 150:127-38. [PMID: 15033286 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2003] [Revised: 07/04/2003] [Accepted: 07/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a serine protease immediate-early gene product expressed in brain areas important in learning and memory, has been shown to cleave the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor leading to a potentiated Ca(2+) influx. Mice lacking tPA (tPA-/- mice) have disrupted late phase-LTP in the hippocampus, possibly as a consequence of reduced Ca(2+) flux through NMDA receptors. In the present experiments, we investigated whether the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine might alter performance in tPA-/- mice in behavioural tasks shown to be sensitive to hippocampal lesions. tPA-/- mice and wild-type controls (WT) showed similar rates of acquisition and performance of a spatial working memory task (eight-arm radial maze). Dizocilpine (0.03-0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), given acutely, disrupted performance by increasing the number of errors equally across both genotypes. At asymptotic performance of a differential reinforcement of low response rate operant task (DRL), acute dizocilpine (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) impaired performance, but no differences between genotypes were observed. However, dizocilpine (0.1 mg/kg), given repeatedly during acquisition of a signalled-DRL15" task, retarded acquisition in tPA-/- but not WT mice. This treatment regime had no effect on locomotor activity in either genotype. tPA-/- mice showed no spatial learning deficits, but were more sensitive to dizocilpine during acquisition (though not expression) of a DRL task. This supports a role for tPA in modification of the NMDA receptor, although absence of tPA does not have consequences for all forms of NMDA-dependent mediated learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Horwood
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
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Romanelli P, Heit G. Patient-controlled deep brain stimulation can overcome analgesic tolerance. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2004; 82:77-9. [PMID: 15305078 DOI: 10.1159/000077404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a technique based on patient-controlled stimulation to restore analgesia after development of tolerance to deep brain stimulation (DBS). A 45-year-old female with neurogenic pain after cerebellar stroke underwent DBS implantation in the right ventralis caudalis (VC) thalamus with excellent stimulus-controlled analgesia for 29 months, followed by development of tolerance and loss of analgesia. Analgesia was restored when a stimulation module that allowed patient-controlled stimulation was implanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantaleo Romanelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5327, USA
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Dann SG, Allison WT, Levin DB, Hawryshyn CW. Identification of a unique transcript down-regulated in the retina of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at smoltification. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 136:849-60. [PMID: 14662307 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Developmental and physiological changes in the retina of salmonid fishes occur during smoltification, a metamorphic event associated with thyroid hormone that prepares salmon for oceanic migration. These changes include loss of ultraviolet-sensitive (UVS) cone photoreceptors, switching of visual pigments, alterations in thyroid hormone regulation, and associated changes in behavior. This model provides an opportunity to study substantial neuronal development within an established retina. Little is known, however, about how higher order neurons are altered or how retinal gene expression changes during this transition. Here, we have used differential display RT-PCR and RACE-PCR to identify a previously uncharacterized gene transcript in Oncorhynchus mykiss under developmental regulation in the retina during smoltification, rtp12.5. This unique cDNA encodes a putative protein 112 amino acids long similar to a hypothetical human open reading frame located on chromosome 14.Q24.2. Differential expression was confirmed by RNA dot blot and in situ hybridization. We also present O. mykiss sep15 cDNA sequence and describe its expression in the vertebrate retina. Considering the expression pattern within retinal tissue observed by in situ hybridization, rtp12.5 may be under TH regulation and involved in neuronal remodeling of the retina during loss of UVS cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Dann
- Department of Biology University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Centonze D, Napolitano M, Saulle E, Gubellini P, Picconi B, Martorana A, Pisani A, Gulino A, Bernardi G, Calabresi P. Tissue plasminogen activator is required for corticostriatal long-term potentiation. Eur J Neurosci 2002; 16:713-21. [PMID: 12270047 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several experimental data indicate that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is involved in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in different brain areas. In the attempt to highlight the role of this serine protease in striatal neuron activity, mice lacking tPA have been used for electrophysiological, immunohistochemical and Western blot experiments. Disruption of tPA gene prevented corticostriatal long-term potentiation, an NMDA-dependent form of synaptic plasticity requiring the stimulation of both dopamine and acetylcholine receptors. Spontaneous and evoked glutamatergic transmission was intact in the striatum of tPA-deficient mice, as was the nigrostriatal dopamine innervation and the expression of dopamine D1 receptors. Conversely, the sensitivity of striatal cholinergic interneurons to dopamine D1 receptor stimulation was lost in these mutants, suggesting that tPA facilitates long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in the striatum by favouring the D1 receptor-mediated excitation of acetylcholine-producing interneurons. The demonstration that tPA ablation interferes with the induction of corticostriatal LTP and with the dopamine receptor-mediated control of cholinergic interneurons might help to explain the altered striatum-dependent learning deficits observed in tPA-deficient mice and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Centonze
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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20
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Abstract
Plasminogen activators are serine proteases induced in the brain by electrical activity leading to synaptic remodelling. They are classified into two distinct subtypes, tissue plasminogen activating factor and urokinase plasminogen activating factor (tPA and uPA, respectively), which are both expressed in brain areas thought to be important in learning and memory. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the primary inhibitor of tPA and uPA activity, and is expressed in corresponding brain areas. Mice lacking tPA show a deficit in the acquisition of a 15 s differential reinforcement of low rate of responding (DRL15") task relative to their wild types (WTs) under certain conditions. The current set of experiments were designed to investigate further the role of tPA and to extend our knowledge to uPA and PAI-1, using mice with the respective genes deleted (uPA -/- and PAI-1 -/- mice) in the DRL15" task. uPA -/- mice showed no disruption of DRL acquisition, but PAI-1 -/- mice showed a deficit similar to that seen in tPA -/- mice. In an attempt to compensate for this deficit, experiments using a fixed number of reinforcers or a signalled-DRL15" schedule, similar to that used in rat lesion studies of DRL, were performed. tPA -/- mice were able to complete the signalled-DRL task as well as their WTs, and, similarly, PAI-1 -/- mice were able to learn the fixed-number-of-reinforcers-DRL15" schedule and the signalled-DRL schedule. These data indicate that uPA deletion does not affect performance of a standard DRL15" task, whereas deletion of PAI-1 has the same behavioural consequences in these tasks as deletion of tPA. Deficits of both genotypes can be attenuated by providing either external information on completion of the delay or by equalizing the number of reinforcers obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Horwood
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
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Kessels MM, Engqvist-Goldstein AE, Drubin DG, Qualmann B. Mammalian Abp1, a signal-responsive F-actin-binding protein, links the actin cytoskeleton to endocytosis via the GTPase dynamin. J Cell Biol 2001; 153:351-66. [PMID: 11309416 PMCID: PMC2169459 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.153.2.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in endocytosis, yet few molecular links to the endocytic machinery have been established. Here we show that the mammalian F-actin-binding protein Abp1 (SH3P7/HIP-55) can functionally link the actin cytoskeleton to dynamin, a GTPase that functions in endocytosis. Abp1 binds directly to dynamin in vitro through its SH3 domain. Coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization studies demonstrated the in vivo relevance of this interaction. In neurons, mammalian Abp1 and dynamin colocalized at actin-rich sites proximal to the cell body during synaptogenesis. In fibroblasts, mAbp1 appeared at dynamin-rich sites of endocytosis upon growth factor stimulation. To test whether Abp1 functions in endocytosis, we overexpressed several Abp1 constructs in Cos-7 cells and assayed receptor-mediated endocytosis. While overexpression of Abp1's actin-binding modules did not interfere with endocytosis, overexpression of the SH3 domain led to a potent block of transferrin uptake. This implicates the Abp1/dynamin interaction in endocytic function. The endocytosis block was rescued by cooverexpression of dynamin. Since the addition of the actin-binding modules of Abp1 to the SH3 domain construct also fully restored endocytosis, Abp1 may support endocytosis by combining its SH3 domain interactions with cytoskeletal functions in response to signaling cascades converging on this linker protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kessels
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, D-39008 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Giannini G, Alesse E, Di Marcotullio L, Zazzeroni F, Gallo R, Zani M, Frati L, Screpanti I, Gulino A. EGF regulates a complex pattern of gene expression and represses smooth muscle differentiation during the neurotypic conversion of the neural-crest-derived TC-1S cell line. Exp Cell Res 2001; 264:353-62. [PMID: 11262192 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
EGF, known to sustain CNS neuronal progenitors, also promotes a neurotypic response in the thymic neural-crest-derived TC-1S cell line. We report here the use of TC-1S cells as a model to identify the genetic programs regulated during the neurotypic response induced by EGF and to isolate 23 EGF-responsive genes. Among them 5 represent novel cDNAs, while 18 are known genes, whose regulation by EGF is associated with the mitogenic or differentiating effects of the growth factor. The repression of smooth muscle alpha-actin and SM22alpha genes by EGF and their increase by TGFbeta suggest that the TC-1S line includes neural crest multipotent cells whose smooth muscle differentiation is repressed upon EGF treatment and stimulated by TGFbeta. Therefore, we identified a complex pattern of EGF-target genes and propose EGF as a novel signal able to recruit postmigratory neural-crest-derived cells along proliferation and cell lineage choice pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University La Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena, 324, Rome, 00161, Italy
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