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Mahmood F, Xu R, Awan MUN, Song Y, Han Q, Xia X, Wei J, Xu J, Peng J, Zhang J. HBV Vaccines: Advances and Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1862. [PMID: 38140265 PMCID: PMC10747071 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem that is closely related to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of acute and chronic HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, and HCC has significantly decreased as a result of the introduction of universal HBV vaccination programs. The first hepatitis B vaccine approved was developed by purifying the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from the plasma of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Subsequently, recombinant DNA technology led to the development of the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Although there are already several licensed vaccines available for HBV infection, continuous research is essential to develop even more effective vaccines. Prophylactic hepatitis B vaccination has been important in the prevention of hepatitis B because it has effectively produced protective immunity against hepatitis B viral infection. Prophylactic vaccines only need to provoke neutralizing antibodies directed against the HBV envelop proteins, whereas therapeutic vaccines are most likely needed to induce a comprehensive T cell response and thus, should include other HBV antigens, such as HBV core and polymerase. The existing vaccines have proven to be highly effective in preventing HBV infection, but ongoing research aims to improve their efficacy, duration of protection, and accessibility. The routine administration of the HBV vaccine is safe and well-tolerated worldwide. The purpose of this type of immunization is to trigger an immunological response in the host, which will halt HBV replication. The clinical efficacy and safety of the HBV vaccine are affected by a number of immunological and clinical factors. However, this success is now in jeopardy due to the breakthrough infections caused by HBV variants with mutations in the S gene, high viral loads, and virus-induced immunosuppression. In this review, we describe various types of available HBV vaccines, along with the recent progress in the ongoing battle to develop new vaccines against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mahmood
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
- Central Laboratory, Liver Disease Research Center and Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, China;
| | - Ruixian Xu
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 176 Qingnian Road, Kunming 650021, China; (M.U.N.A.); (J.X.)
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Qinqin Han
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Jia Wei
- Central Laboratory, Liver Disease Research Center and Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, China;
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 176 Qingnian Road, Kunming 650021, China; (M.U.N.A.); (J.X.)
| | - Juan Peng
- The Obstetrical Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China;
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
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Hu X, Yue X, Wu C, Zhang X. Factors affecting nasal drug delivery and design strategies for intranasal drug delivery. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:328-337. [PMID: 37476944 PMCID: PMC10412955 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal drug delivery system is a non-invasive drug delivery route with the advantages of no first-pass effect, rapid effect and brain targeting. It is a feasible alternative to drug delivery via injection, and a potential drug delivery route for the central nervous system. However, the nasal physiological environment is complex, and the nasal delivery system requires "integration of medicine and device". Its delivery efficiency is affected by many factors such as the features and formulations of drug, delivery devices and nasal cavity physiology. Some strategies have been designed to improve the solubility, stability, membrane permeability and nasal retention time of drugs. These include the use of prodrugs, adding enzyme inhibitors and absorption enhancers to preparations, and new drug carriers, which can eventually improve the efficiency of intranasal drug delivery. This article reviews recent publications and describes the above mentioned aspects and design strategies for nasal intranasal drug delivery systems to provide insights for the development of intranasal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Tianjin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300462, China.
| | - Xiao Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Chavda VP, Jogi G, Shah N, Athalye MN, Bamaniya N, K Vora L, Cláudia Paiva-Santos A. Advanced particulate carrier-mediated technologies for nasal drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Majcher MJ, Babar A, Lofts A, Leung A, Li X, Abu-Hijleh F, Smeets NMB, Mishra RK, Hoare T. In situ-gelling starch nanoparticle (SNP)/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) nanoparticle network hydrogels for the intranasal delivery of an antipsychotic peptide. J Control Release 2020; 330:738-752. [PMID: 33383097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Existing oral or injectable antipsychotic drug delivery strategies typically demonstrate low bioavailability to targeted brain regions, incentivizing the development of alternative delivery strategies. Delivery via the nasal cavity circumvents multiple barriers for reaching the brain but requires drug delivery vehicles with very specific properties to be effective. Herein, we report in situ-gelling and degradable bulk nanoparticle network hydrogels consisting of oxidized starch nanoparticles (SNPs) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) that enable intranasal delivery via spray, high nasal mucosal retention, and functional controlled release of the peptide drug PAOPA, a positive allosteric modulator of dopamine D2 receptor. PAOPA-loaded SNP-CMCh hydrogels can alleviate negative symptoms like behavioural abnormalities associated with schizophrenia (i.e. decreased social interaction time) for up to 72 h in an MK-801-induced pre-clinical rat model of schizophrenia at a low drug dosage (0.5 mg/kg); in comparison, conventional PAOPA administration via the intraperitoneal route requires twice the PAOPA dose to achieve a therapeutic effect that persists for only a few hours. This strategy offers potential for substantially decreasing re-administration frequencies and overall drug doses (and thus side-effects) of a range of potential antipsychotic drugs via a minimally-invasive administration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Majcher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Ali Babar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Andrew Lofts
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Ashlyn Leung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Fahed Abu-Hijleh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Niels M B Smeets
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ram K Mishra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Chaikhumwang P, Kitsongsermthon J, Manopakdee K, Chongcharoen W, Nilubol D, Chanvorachote P, Somparn P, Tantituvanont A. Cationic Polylactic Acid-Based Nanoparticles Improve BSA-FITC Transport Across M Cells and Engulfment by Porcine Alveolar Macrophages. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:134. [PMID: 32415347 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This work described the development of a cationic polylactic acid (PLA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) as an antigen delivery system using dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) to facilitate the engulfment of BSA-FITC by porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/2 cells) and heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB) to enhance the transport of BSA-FITC across M cells. The experimental design methodology was employed to study the influence of PLA, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), DDA, and LTB on the physical properties of the PLA-based NPs. The size of selected cationic PLA NPs comprising 5% PLA, 5% PVA, and 0.6% DDA with or without LTB absorption was range from 367 to 390 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.26, a zeta potential of + 26.00 to + 30.55 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 41.43%. Electron micrographs revealed NPs with spherical shape. The release kinetic of BSA from the NPs followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. The cationic PLA NPs with LTB surface absorption showed 3-fold increase in BSA-FITC transported across M cells compared with the NPs without LTB absorption. The uptake studies demonstrated 2-fold increase in BSA-FITC intensity in 3D4/2 cells with cationic NPs as compared with anionic NPs. Overall, the results suggested that LTB decreased the retention time of BSA-FITC loaded in the cationic PLA NPs within the M cells, thus promoting the transport of BSA-FITC across the M cells, and cationic NPs composed of DDA help facilitate the uptake of BSA-FITC in the 3D4/2 cells. Further studies in pigs with respiratory antigens will provide information on the efficacy of cationic PLA NPs as a nasal antigen carrier system.
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Elicitation of Th1/Th2 related responses in mice by chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Brucella abortus malate dehydrogenase, outer membrane proteins 10 and 19. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 310:151362. [PMID: 31676233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. is the causative agent of brucellosis, one of the worldwide diseases. The pathogen infects humans and animals mainly through the digestive or respiratory tract. Therefore, induction of mucosal immunity is required as the first line of defense. In this study, three Brucella abortus recombinant proteins, malate dehydrogenase (rMdh), outer membrane proteins (rOmp) 10 and 19 were loaded in mucoadhesive chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) and induction of mucosal and systemic immunity were investigated after intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice. These antigens were also coimmunized as cocktail (rCocktail) to evaluate multiple antigen specific vaccine candidates. At 6-weeks post-immunization (wpi), antigen specific total IgG was increased in all of the immunized groups, predominantly IgG1. In addition, spleenocyte from rMdh-, rOmp19-, and rCocktail-immunized groups significantly produced IFN-γ and IL-4 suggesting the induction of a mixed Th1-Th2 response. For mucosal immunity, anti-Mdh IgA from nasal washes and fecal excretions, and anti-Omps IgA from sera, nasal washes, genital secretions and fecal excretions were significantly increased in single antigen immunized groups. In the rCocktail-immunized group, anti-Mdh IgA were significantly increased while anti-Omps IgA was not. Collectively, this study indicates that comprise of B. abortus antigen-loaded CNs elicited the antigen-specific IgA with a Th2-polarized immune responses and combination of the highly immunogenic antigens elicited IgG specific to each type of antigen.
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A Global View to HBV Chronic Infection: Evolving Strategies for Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention in Immunocompetent Individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183307. [PMID: 31505743 PMCID: PMC6766235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a significant public health challenge. Around 250 million people live with chronic HBV infection. With a global approach to this issue, we focus on new perspective in diagnosis, management and prevention of HBV chronic infection. Precise diagnosis of HBV status is crucial to guide patient management. Although available drugs reduce the risk of liver disease progression, they are not able to definitely eradicate HBV, and new therapeutic options are urgently needed. Thus, prevention of HBV infection is still the most effective strategy to achieve the control of the disease. Key aspects of prevention programs include surveillance of viral hepatitis, screening programs and immunization strategies. In spite of the high success rate of licensed HBV vaccines, a need for improved vaccine persists, especially in order to provide coverage of current non-responders.
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Caetano LA, Figueiredo L, Almeida AJ, Gonçalves LMD. BCG-loaded chitosan microparticles: interaction with macrophages and preliminary in vivo studies. J Microencapsul 2017; 34:203-217. [PMID: 28378596 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2017.1316325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel BCG-loaded chitosan vaccine with high association efficiency which can afford efficient interaction with APC and elicit local and Th1-type-specific immune response after intranasal administration. Chitosan-suspended BCG and BCG-loaded chitosan-alginate microparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation. Interaction with APC was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy using rBCG-GFP. Specific immune responses were evaluated following intranasal immunisation of mice. Cellular uptake was approximately two-fold higher for chitosan-suspended BCG. A single dose of BCG-loaded microparticles or chitosan-suspended BCG by intranasal route improved Th1-type response compared with subcutaneous BCG. Chitosan-suspended BCG originated the highest mucosal response in the lungs by intranasal route. These positive results indicate that the proposed approach of whole live BCG microencapsulation in chitosan-alginate for intranasal immunisation was successful in allowing efficient interaction with APC, while improving the cellular immune response, which is of interest for local immunisation against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Aranha Caetano
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal.,b Department of Ciências e Tecnologias Laboratoriais e Saúde Comunitária, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa , Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Lara Figueiredo
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - António J Almeida
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - L M D Gonçalves
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
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9
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Zeng Z, Dai S, Jiao Y, Jiang L, Zhao Y, Wang B, Zong L. Mannosylated protamine as a novel DNA vaccine carrier for effective induction of anti-tumor immune responses. Int J Pharm 2016; 506:394-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Effect of Experimental Parameters on Alginate/Chitosan Microparticles for BCG Encapsulation. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14050090. [PMID: 27187418 PMCID: PMC4882564 DOI: 10.3390/md14050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop novel Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-loaded polymeric microparticles with optimized particle surface characteristics and biocompatibility, so that whole live attenuated bacteria could be further used for pre-exposure vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the intranasal route. BCG was encapsulated in chitosan and alginate microparticles through three different polyionic complexation methods by high speed stirring. For comparison purposes, similar formulations were prepared with high shear homogenization and sonication. Additional optimization studies were conducted with polymers of different quality specifications in a wide range of pH values, and with three different cryoprotectors. Particle morphology, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, surface charge, physicochemical properties and biocompatibility were assessed. Particles exhibited a micrometer size and a spherical morphology. Chitosan addition to BCG shifted the bacilli surface charge from negative zeta potential values to strongly positive ones. Chitosan of low molecular weight produced particle suspensions of lower size distribution and higher stability, allowing efficient BCG encapsulation and biocompatibility. Particle formulation consistency was improved when the availability of functional groups from alginate and chitosan was close to stoichiometric proportion. Thus, the herein described microparticulate system constitutes a promising strategy to deliver BCG vaccine by the intranasal route.
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12
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Li HS, Singh B, Park TE, Hong ZS, Kang SK, Cho CS, Choi YJ. Mannan-decorated thiolated Eudragit microspheres for targeting antigen presenting cells via nasal vaccination. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 80:16-25. [PMID: 26415829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccination of protein as an antigen requires appropriate delivery or adjuvant systems to deliver antigen to mucosal immune cells efficiently and generate valid immune responses. For successful nasal immunization, the obstacles imposed by the normal process of mucociliary clearance which limits residence time of applied antigens and low antigen delivery to antigen presenting cells (APCs) in nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) need to be overcome for the efficient vaccination. Here, we prepared mucoadhesive and mannan-decorated thiolated Eudragit microspheres (Man-TEM) as a nasal vaccine carrier to overcome the limitations. Mucoadhesive thiolated Eudragit (TE) were decorated with mannan for targeting mannose receptors (MR) in antigen presenting cells (APCs) to obtain efficient immune responses. The potential adjuvant ability of Man-TEM for intranasal immunization was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In mechanistic study using APCs in vitro, we obtained that Man-TEM enhanced the receptor-mediated endocytosis by stimulating the MR receptors of APCs. The nasal vaccination of OVA-loaded Man-TEM in mice showed higher levels of serum IgG and mucosal sIgA than the soluble OVA group due to the specific recognition of MR of APCs by the mannan in the Man-TEM. These results suggest that mucoadhesive and Man-TEM may be a promising candidate for nasal vaccine delivery system to elicit systemic and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shan Li
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Zhong-Shan Hong
- Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300-384, China
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 232-916, South Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea; Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300-384, China.
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Herrmann VL, Hartmayer C, Planz O, Groettrup M. Cytotoxic T cell vaccination with PLGA microspheres interferes with influenza A virus replication in the lung and suppresses the infectious disease. J Control Release 2015; 216:121-31. [PMID: 26276509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current influenza virus vaccines aim to elicit antibodies directed toward viral surface glycoproteins, which however are prone to antigenic drift. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can exhibit heterosubtypic immunity against most influenza A viruses. In our study, we encapsulated the highly conserved, immunodominant, HLA-A*0201 restricted epitope from the influenza virus matrix protein M158-66 together with TLR ligands in biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres. Subcutaneous immunization of transgenic mice expressing chimeric HLA-A*0201 molecules with these microspheres induced a strong and sustained CTL response which sufficed to prevent replication of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the influenza A virus (IAV) matrix protein but not the replication of IAV in the lung. However, subcutaneous priming followed by intranasal boosting with M158-66 bearing PLGA microspheres was able to induce vigorous CTL responses both in the lung and spleen of mice which interfered with IAV replication, weight loss, and infection-related death. Taken together, vaccination with well-defined and highly conserved IAV-derived CTL epitopes encapsulated into clinically compatible PLGA microspheres contribute to the control of influenza A virus infections. The promptitude and broad reactivity of the CTL response may help to attenuate pandemic outbreaks of influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Herrmann
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Carmen Hartmayer
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Planz
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
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Moreno-Mendieta SA, Guillén D, Espitia C, Hernández-Pando R, Sanchez S, Rodríguez-Sanoja R. A novel antigen-carrier system: the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acr protein carried by raw starch microparticles. Int J Pharm 2014; 474:241-8. [PMID: 25093695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles have been used as promising carriers for in vivo vaccine delivery. However, the processes for immobilizing peptides or proteins on microparticles usually require the use of undesirable compounds and complex protocols. In this work, we propose a new immobilization and delivery system with raw starch microparticles and a starch binding domain (SBD) tag fusion protein. The heat shock protein alpha crystallin from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was used as model. The immunogenicity of the system was investigated in BALB/c mice inoculated with purified Acr-SBDtag protein (pAcr-SBDtag) and starch immobilized Acr-SBDtag protein (μAcr-SBDtag) by oral and intranasal routes. We demonstrated mucosal immunization with the μAcr-SBDtag protein induced systemic antibodies that were predominantly immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a). An analysis of the cytokines from spleen cells and lung homogenates revealed that loaded microparticles induced the secretion of interferon-γ (INF-γ), suggesting an adjuvant effect from the immobilization. The immune responses induced by immobilized protein were primarily affected by the route of administration. These results demonstrate that the system exhibits the necessary characteristics to improve antigen release and presentation to antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the mucosae. Because no extra adjuvants were used, we posit that the system may be suitable for delivery and presentation to the field of subunit vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Moreno-Mendieta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - D Guillén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - C Espitia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - R Hernández-Pando
- Servicio de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - S Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - R Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
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15
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Pawar D, Jaganathan K. Mucoadhesive glycol chitosan nanoparticles for intranasal delivery of hepatitis B vaccine: enhancement of mucosal and systemic immune response. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:185-94. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.908427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technical University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India and
- Research and Development, Shantha Biotechnics Limited (A Sanofi Company), Medchal, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K.S. Jaganathan
- Research and Development, Shantha Biotechnics Limited (A Sanofi Company), Medchal, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Liu Q, Zhang C, Zheng X, Shao X, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Jiang X. Preparation and evaluation of antigen/N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan conjugates for nasal immunization. Vaccine 2014; 32:2582-90. [PMID: 24681230 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The frequent outbreak of respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza and pulmonary tuberculosis calls for new immunization strategies with high effectiveness. Nasal immunization is one of the most potential methods to prevent the diseases infected through the respiratory tract. In this study, we designed a water-soluble system based on antigen/N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan conjugates for nasal immunization. N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan (TMC) was synthesized by free radical polymerization of chitosan and N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chloride and identified by (1)H NMR and FT-IR. Thiolated ovalbumin (OVA) was covalently conjugated to maleimide modified TMC with high conjugation efficiency. OVA conjugated TMC (OVA-TMC) significantly increased uptake of OVA by Raw 264.7 cells, which was 2.38 times higher than that of OVA/TMC physical mixture (OVA+TMC) at 4h. After nasal administration, OVA-TMC showed higher transport efficiency to superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes than OVA+TMC or OVA alone. Balb/C mice were intranasally given with OVA-TMC three times at 2-week internals to evaluate the immunological effect. The serum IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a levels of the OVA-TMC group were 17.9-87.9 times higher than that of the OVA+TMC group and comparable to that of the intramuscular group. The secretory IgA levels in nasal wash and saliva of the OVA-TMC group were 5.2-7.1 times higher than that of the OVA+TMC group while the secretory IgA levels of the intramuscular alum-precipitated OVA group were not increased. After immunofluorescence staining of nasal cavity, IgA antibody secreting cells were mainly observed in the lamina propria regions and glands of nasal mucosa. OVA-TMC showed little toxicity to the nasal epithelia or cilia of rats after nasal administration for three consecutive days. These results demonstrated that antigen conjugated TMC can induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses after nasal administration and may serve as a convenient, safe and effective vaccine for preventing respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 826 ZhangHeng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 826 ZhangHeng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaoyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 826 ZhangHeng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiayan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 826 ZhangHeng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 826 ZhangHeng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 826 ZhangHeng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 826 ZhangHeng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Köping-Höggård M, Sánchez A, Alonso MJ. Nanoparticles as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 4:185-96. [PMID: 15889992 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.4.2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is considerable excitement within the nanotechnology field with regard to the potential use of nanosystems as carriers for mucosal vaccine delivery. Indeed, many of the vaccines available, including protein antigens and DNA vaccines, are very unstable and need to be protected from degradation in the biologic environment. In addition, their efficacy is limited by their poor capacity to cross biologic barriers and reach the target sites. As a consequence, the design of appropriate antigen carriers that could help overcome these problems has become a significant challenge. The goal of the present article is to review the recent advances in the design of polymeric nanosystems intended to be used as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. More specifically, the authors present nanocarriers that have been made of safe materials, such as biodegradable polyesters and polysaccharides. The information accumulated regarding the in vivo behavior of these nanocarriers indicates that they are able to facilitate the transport of the associated antigen across the nasal epithelium, thus leading to efficient antigen presentation to the immune system. Furthermore, the results suggest that not only the size and surface properties but also the polymer composition and the structural architecture of the nanosystems are critical for the optimization of these antigen carriers. In conclusion, future studies intended to provide increased knowledge regarding these properties and how they relate to the efficiency of the immune responses, will undoubtedly affect the design of new and more effective nasal vaccine delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Köping-Höggård
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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18
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Giri PK, Khuller GK. Is intranasal vaccination a feasible solution for tuberculosis? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 7:1341-56. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.9.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Needle-free, mucosal immunization is a highly desirable strategy for vaccination against many pathogens, especially those entering through the respiratory mucosa, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Unfortunately, mucosal vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) is impeded by a lack of suitable adjuvants and/or delivery platforms that could induce a protective immune response in humans. Here, we report on a novel biotechnological approach for mucosal vaccination against TB that overcomes some of the current limitations. This is achieved by coating protective TB antigens onto the surface of inert bacterial spores, which are then delivered to the respiratory tract. Our data showed that mice immunized nasally with coated spores developed humoral and cellular immune responses and multifunctional T cells and, most importantly, presented significantly reduced bacterial loads in their lungs and spleens following pathogenic challenge. We conclude that this new vaccine delivery platform merits further development as a mucosal vaccine for TB and possibly also other respiratory pathogens.
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Pawar D, Mangal S, Goswami R, Jaganathan KS. Development and characterization of surface modified PLGA nanoparticles for nasal vaccine delivery: effect of mucoadhesive coating on antigen uptake and immune adjuvant activity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:550-9. [PMID: 23831265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of mucoadhesive polymers, i.e., chitosan and glycol chitosan as a mucoadhesive coating material in nasal vaccine delivery was investigated. The Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) encapsulated PLGA, chitosan coated PLGA (C-PLGA), and Glycol chitosan coated PLGA (GC-PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared. The formulations were characterized for particle size, shape, surface charge, and entrapment efficiency. The mucoadhesive ability of coated and non-coated NPs was determined using in vitro mucoadhesion and nasal clearance test. In addition, the systemic uptake and bio-distribution were also evaluated to understand the fate of NPs following nasal delivery. The immuno-adjuvant ability of various formulations was compared by measuring specific antibody titer in serum and secretory. The results indicated that PLGA NPs exhibit negative surface charge, whereas C-PLGA and GC-PLGA NPs exhibited positive surface charge. The GC-PLGA NPs demonstrated lower clearance and better local and systemic uptake compared to chitosan coated and uncoated PLGA NPs. In vivo immunogenicity studies indicated that GC-PLGA NPs could induce significantly higher systemic and mucosal immune response compared to PLGA and C-PLGA NPs. In conclusion, GC-PLGA NPs could be a promising carrier adjuvant for the nasal vaccine delivery for inducing a potent immune response at mucosal surface(s) and systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technical University, Hyderabad, India; Research and Development, Shantha Biotechnics Limited (A Sanofi Company), Hyderabad, India
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Pardeshi CV, Belgamwar VS. Direct nose to brain drug delivery via integrated nerve pathways bypassing the blood-brain barrier: an excellent platform for brain targeting. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:957-72. [PMID: 23586809 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.790887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a stringent barrier for delivery of neurotherapeutics in vivo. An attempt to overcome this barrier is represented by the direct transport of drugs from the nose to the brain along the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. These nerve pathways initiate in the nasal cavity at olfactory neuroepithelium and terminate in the brain. An enormous range of neurotherapeutics, both macromolecules and low molecular weight drugs, can be delivered to the central nervous system (CNS) via this route. AREAS COVERED Present review highlights the literature on the anatomy-physiology of the nasal cavity, pathways and mechanisms of neurotherapeutic transport across nasal epithelium and their biofate and various strategies to enhance direct nose to brain drug delivery. The authors also emphasize a variety of drug molecules and carrier systems delivered via this route for treating CNS disorders. Patents related to direct nose to brain drug delivery systems have also been listed. EXPERT OPINION Direct nose to brain drug delivery system is a practical, safe, non-invasive and convenient form of formulation strategy and could be viewed as an excellent alternative approach to conventional dosage forms. Existence of a direct transport route from the nasal cavity to the brain, bypassing the BBB, would offer an exciting mode of delivering neurotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakantsing Vijaysing Pardeshi
- R C Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Near Karwand Naka, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India.
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Zhao F, Liu S, Zhang X, Yu J, Zeng T, Gu W, Cao X, Chen X, Wu Y. CpG adjuvant enhances the mucosal immunogenicity and efficacy of a Treponema pallidum DNA vaccine in rabbits. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:753-60. [PMID: 23563515 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The protective response against Treponema pallidum (Tp) infection of a DNA vaccine enhanced by an adjuvant CpG ODN was investigated. RESULTS The mucosal adjuvant CpG ODN enhanced the production of higher levels of anti-TpGpd antibodies induced by pcD/Gpd-IL-2 in rabbits. It also resulted in higher levels of secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ, and facilitated T cell proliferation and differentiation (p<0.05). No significant difference about testing index above-mentioned was found in the intranasal immunization group of pcD/Gpd-IL-2 vaccine adjuvanted by CpG ODN when compared with the immunization by pcD/Gpd-IL-2 vaccine intramuscular injection alone (p>0.05). Furthermore, CpG ODN stimulated the production of mucosa-specific anti-sIgA antibodies and resulted in the lowest Tp-positive rate (6.7%) for Tp-infection of skin lesions and the lowest rates (8.3%) of ulceration lesions, thus achieving better protective effects. METHODS New Zealand rabbits were immunized with the eukaryotic vector encoding recombinant pcD/Gpd-IL-2 using intramuscular multi-injection or together with mucosal enhancement via a nasal route. The effect of the mucosal adjuvant CpG ODN was examined. CONCLUSIONS The CpG ODN adjuvant significantly enhances the humoral and cellular immune effects of the immunization by pcD/Gpd-IL-2 with mucosal enhancement via nasal route. It also stimulates strong mucosal immune effects, thus initiating more efficient immune-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijun Zhao
- Pathogenic Biology Institute; University of South China; Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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Panyam J, Labhasetwar V. Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery to cells and tissue. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bowey K, Neufeld RJ. Systemic and mucosal delivery of drugs within polymeric microparticles produced by spray drying. BioDrugs 2011; 24:359-77. [PMID: 21043544 DOI: 10.2165/11539070-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of therapeutic and diagnostic materials into polymeric particles is a means to protect and control or target the release of active substances such as drugs, vaccines, and genetic material. In terms of mucosal delivery, polymeric encapsulation can be used to promote absorption of the active substance, while particles can improve the half-life of drugs administered systemically. Spray drying is an attractive technology used to produce such microparticles, because it combines both the encapsulation and drying steps in a rapid, single-step operation. Even so, spray drying is not classically associated with processes used for drug and therapeutic material encapsulation, since elevated temperatures could potentially denature the active substance. However, a comprehensive review of the literature revealed a number of studies demonstrating that spray drying can be used to produce microparticulate formulations with labile therapeutics. Polymers commonly employed include synthetics such as methacrylic copolymers and polyesters, and natural materials including chitosan and alginate. Drugs and active substances are diverse and included antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, and chemotherapeutics. Regarding the delivery of spray-dried particles, the pulmonary, oral, colonic, and nasal mucosal routes are often investigated because they offer a convenient means of administration, which promotes physician and patient compliance. In addition, spray drying has been widely used to produce polymeric microparticles for systemic delivery in order to control the delivery of drugs, vaccines, or genetic material that may exhibit poor pharmacokinetic profiles or pose toxicity concerns. This review presents a brief introduction to the technology of spray drying and outlines the delivery routes and the applications of spray-dried polymeric microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Bowey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Yu F, Xu QA, Chen W. A targeted fimA DNA vaccine prevents alveolar bone loss in mice after intra-nasal administration. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:334-40. [PMID: 21261672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To construct a dendritic cell (DC)-targeted DNA vaccine against FimA of Porphyromonas gingivalis and evaluate the immunogenicity and protection in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A targeted DNA plasmid pCTLA4-FimA, which encodes the signal peptide and extracellular regions of mouse cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), the hinge and Fc regions of human Igγ1 and FimA of P. gingivalis, was constructed. Mice were immunized with pCTLA4-FimA, the non-targeted DNA plasmid pFimA, which contains only fimA gene, or pCI vector intra-nasally. Serum and saliva antibody responses were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protection against P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis was evaluated by measuring alveolar bone loss in mice. RESULTS Mice immunized with pCTLA4-FimA showed elevated levels of specific serum IgG and salivary IgA antibody responses compared with mice immunized with pFimA (p<0.01). Both pFimA and pCTLA4-FimA immunized groups showed significantly lower alveolar bone loss, with the magnitude protection greater in the latter (p<0.01), compared with the pCI immunized group. CONCLUSIONS The DC-targeted DNA construct pCTLA4-FimA enhanced both systemic and mucosal immunity following intra-nasal immunization. A DNA-based immunization strategy may be an effective way to attenuate periodontitis induced by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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McNeela EA, Lavelle EC. Recent Advances in Microparticle and Nanoparticle Delivery Vehicles for Mucosal Vaccination. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011; 354:75-99. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2011_140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Şenel S. Chitosan-Based Particulate Systems for Non-Invasive Vaccine Delivery. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Progress towards a needle-free hepatitis B vaccine. Pharm Res 2010; 28:986-1012. [PMID: 21088986 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. Vaccination is the most efficient way to prevent hepatitis B. Despite the success of the currently available vaccine, there is a clear need for the development of new generation of HBV vaccines. Needle-free immunization is an attractive approach for mass immunization campaigns, since avoiding the use of needles reduces the risk of needle-borne diseases and prevents needle-stick injuries and pain, thus augmenting patient compliance and eliminating the need for trained medical personnel. Moreover, this kind of immunization was shown to induce good systemic as well as mucosal immunological responses, which is important for the creation of both a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine. In order to produce a better, safer, more efficient and more suitable vaccine, adjuvants have been used. In this article, several adjuvants tested over the years for their potential to help create a needle-free vaccine against HBV are reviewed.
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Slütter B, Bal SM, Que I, Kaijzel E, Löwik C, Bouwstra J, Jiskoot W. Antigen−Adjuvant Nanoconjugates for Nasal Vaccination: An Improvement over the Use of Nanoparticles? Mol Pharm 2010; 7:2207-15. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100210g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Slütter
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M. Bal
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Que
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Kaijzel
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Tiwari B, Agarwal A, Kharya AK, Lariya N, Saraogi G, Agrawal H, Agrawal GP. Immunoglobulin immobilized liposomal constructs for transmucosal vaccination through nasal route. J Liposome Res 2010; 21:181-93. [PMID: 20626315 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2010.498003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the prospective of surface-engineered vesicular carriers for mucosal immunization via the nasal route. IgG antibody was immobilized on the surface of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) antigen-loaded liposomes. The developed formulations were characterized on the basis of physicochemical parameters, such as morphology, particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and zeta potential. Liposomal formulations were then evaluated for in-process antigen stability and storage stability. In vivo studies were conducted to visualize targeting potential, localization pattern, and immunogenicity. In addition, immune response was compared with alum-HBsAg vaccine injected intramuscularly. The serum anti-HBsAg titer, obtained from the postnasal administration of IgG-coupled liposomes, was significantly higher than plain liposomes. Moreover, IgG-coupled liposomes generated both humoral (i.e., systemic and mucosal) and cellular immune responses upon nasal administration, while the alum-adsorbed antigen displayed neither cellular (cytokine level) nor mucosal (IgA) response. The formulation also displayed enhanced transmucosal transport, improved in vitro stability, and effective immunoadjuvant property. To conclude, IgG antibody-coupled liposomes may serve as novel carriers to augment the secretory immune response of antigen encapsulated in the liposomes, apparently by escalating liposome uptake via M cells, thereby rationalizing their use as a carrier adjuvant for nasal subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajesh Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar, India
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Pawar D, Goyal AK, Mangal S, Mishra N, Vaidya B, Tiwari S, Jain AK, Vyas SP. Evaluation of mucoadhesive PLGA microparticles for nasal immunization. AAPS JOURNAL 2010; 12:130-7. [PMID: 20077052 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles were prepared and coated with chitosan and trimethyl chitosan (TMC) to evaluate the effect of coating material for nasal vaccine delivery. The developed formulations were characterized for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and mucin adsorption ability. Plain PLGA microparticles demonstrated negative zeta potential. However, coated microparticles showed higher positive zeta potential. Results indicated that TMC microparticles demonstrated substantially higher mucin adsorption when compared to chitosan-coated microparticles and plain PLGA microparticles. The coated and uncoated microparticles showed deposition in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue under fluorescence microscopy. The coated and uncoated microparticles were then administered intranasally to mice. Immune-adjuvant effect was determined on the basis of specific antibody titer observed in serum and secretions using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was observed that coated particles showed a markedly increased anti-HBsAg titer as compared to plain PLGA microparticles, but the results were more pronounced with the TMC-coated PLGA microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Pawar
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, MP 470 003, India
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Sayin B, Somavarapu S, Li XW, Sesardic D, Senel S, Alpar OH. TMC-MCC (N-trimethyl chitosan-mono-N-carboxymethyl chitosan) nanocomplexes for mucosal delivery of vaccines. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 38:362-9. [PMID: 19733658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, TMC/MCC complex nanoparticles as a delivery system and as an adjuvant were developed and evaluated to obtain systemic and mucosal immune responses against nasally administered tetanus toxoid (TT). Nanoparticles were developed by complexation between the oppositely charged chitosan derivatives, N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC, polycationic) and mono-N-carboxymethyl chitosan (MCC, polyampholytic) without using any crosslinker for mucosal vaccination. The cellular viability was found to be higher with TMC/MCC complex compared to that of MCC and TMC alone. Size, zeta potential and morphology of the nanoparticles were investigated as a function of preparation method. Nanoparticles with high loading efficacy (95%) and positively charged surface were obtained with an average particle size of 283+/-2.5 nm. The structural integrity of the TT in the nanoparticles was confirmed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis. Cellular uptake studies indicated that FITC-BSA loaded nanoparticles were effectively taken up into the mouse Balb/c monocyte macrophages. Mice were nasally immunized with TT loaded TMC/MCC complex nanoparticles and compared to that of TMC and MCC nanoparticles. TMC/MCC complex nanoparticles were shown to induce both the mucosal and systemic immune response indicating that this newly developed system has potential for mucosal administration of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Sayin
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
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Abstract
The prevention of infectious diseases of animals by vaccination has been routinely practiced for decades and has proved to be one of the most cost-effective methods of disease control. However, since the pioneering work of Pasteur in the 1880s, the composition of veterinary vaccines has changed very little from a conceptual perspective and this has, in turn, limited their application in areas such as the control of chronic infectious diseases. New technologies in the areas of vaccine formulation and delivery as well as our increased knowledge of disease pathogenesis and the host responses associated with protection from disease offer promising alternatives for vaccine formulation as well as targets for the prevention of bacterial disease. These new vaccines have the potential to lessen our reliance on antibiotics for disease control, but will only reach their full potential when used in combination with other intervention strategies.
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McCullough KC, Summerfield A. Targeting the porcine immune system--particulate vaccines in the 21st century. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:394-409. [PMID: 18771683 PMCID: PMC7103233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, the propagation of immunological knowledge describing the critical role of dendritic cells (DC) in the induction of efficacious immune responses has promoted research and development of vaccines systematically targeting DC. Based on the promise for the rational design of vaccine platforms, the current review will provide an update on particle-based vaccines of both viral and synthetic origin, giving examples of recombinant virus carriers such as adenoviruses and biodegradable particulate carriers. The viral carriers carry pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), used by the original virus for targeting DC, and are particularly efficient and versatile gene delivery vectors. Efforts in the field of synthetic vaccine carriers are focussing on decorating the particle surface with ligands for DC receptors such as heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan structures, integrins, Siglecs, galectins, C-type lectins and toll-like receptors. The emphasis of this review will be placed on targeting the porcine immune system, but reference will be made to advances with murine and human vaccine delivery systems where information on DC targeting is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C McCullough
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
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Sharma S, Mukkur T, Benson HA, Chen Y. Pharmaceutical Aspects of Intranasal Delivery of Vaccines Using Particulate Systems. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:812-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Andrews GP, Laverty TP, Jones DS. Mucoadhesive polymeric platforms for controlled drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:505-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Coucke D, Schotsaert M, Libert C, Pringels E, Vervaet C, Foreman P, Saelens X, Remon J. Spray-dried powders of starch and crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) as carriers for nasal delivery of inactivated influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2009; 27:1279-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Mono-N-carboxymethyl chitosan (MCC) and N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles for non-invasive vaccine delivery. Int J Pharm 2008; 363:139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Eyles JE, Carpenter ZC, Alpar HO, Williamson ED. Immunological Aspects of Polymer Microsphere Vaccine Delivery Systems. J Drug Target 2008; 11:509-14. [PMID: 15203919 DOI: 10.1080/10611860410001670017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies using dendritic cells have identified that microencapsulated antigens are taken up and processed differently as compared with soluble proteins, and these findings have been reviewed. Similarly, in vivo, it is evident that microencapsulated materials have different properties in terms of uptake and trafficking. Intranasal (IN) instillation of encapsulated protective antigen resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of activated CD4+ and B-cells in the spleens of immunised mice, whereas IN instillation of soluble antigen failed to do so. This corroborates earlier findings concerning the uptake and trafficking of microparticles following bronchopulmonary administration. These data support the tenet that microencapsulation serves to modify the uptake, trafficking and processing of antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Eyles
- Biomedical Sciences, Dstl, Porton Downs, Salisbury, UK.
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Patel GB, Ponce A, Zhou H, Chen W. Safety of Intranasally Administered Archaeal Lipid Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant and Delivery (AMVAD) Vaccine in Mice. Int J Toxicol 2008; 27:329-39. [DOI: 10.1080/10915810802352703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The safety profile of a recently described novel archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery (AMVAD) system capable of eliciting robust antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses was evaluated in female Balb/c mice (10/group) using ovalbumin (OVA) antigen. Mice were intranasally immunized (0, 7, and 21 days) with a vaccine comprising 1 μg OVA (0.05 mg/kg body weight) formulated in 0.04 mg total polar lipids extract (2.17 mg/kg body weight) of Methanobrevibacter smithii constituting the AMVAD system. Control groups were similarly immunized with 10-fold higher AMVAD vaccine dose (0.54 mg OVA and 21.7 mg lipid per kg), saline, 10 μg OVA in saline, or 0.04 or 0.4 mg lipid constituting empty AMVAD (no OVA) in saline, or were naïve mice. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, and body weight were monitored once daily or as appropriate. Half the mice in each group were euthanized at 2 days after the first immunization. Blood was collected for clinical chemistry analyses. Major organs (heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, thymus, and brain) were examined macroscopically and histologically. The remaining mice were euthanized at 29 days and blood and organs collected for analyses as done at 2 days. Feces collected at 27 days, and sera, bile, and nasal lavage at 29 days, were assayed for antibody responses. Based on clinical symptoms, temperature, body weight changes, serum clinical chemistry, and tissue histopathology, there were no overt toxicities associated with OVA/AMVAD or empty AMVAD vaccines. There were no antibodies elicited against the lipids comprising the AMVAD system. These results demonstrate that at 10-fold excess dose of that required for vaccine efficacy, intranasally administered AMVAD vaccine appears to be relatively safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girishchandra B. Patel
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amalia Ponce
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Intradermal vaccine delivery: will new delivery systems transform vaccine administration? Vaccine 2008; 26:3197-208. [PMID: 18486285 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There has been a recent resurgence of interest in intradermal vaccine delivery. The physiological advantages of intradermal vaccine delivery have been known for some time, but the difficulties associated with performing an intradermal injection have historically limited its use. New delivery systems currently in development facilitate convenient intradermal vaccination, unlocking the potential advantages of this delivery route, and potentially transforming vaccine delivery.
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Mohamed F, van der Walle CF. Engineering biodegradable polyester particles with specific drug targeting and drug release properties. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:71-87. [PMID: 17722085 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and nanoparticles remain the focus of intensive research effort directed to the controlled release and in vivo localization of drugs. In recent years engineering approaches have been devised to create novel micro- and nano-particles which provide greater control over the drug release profile and present opportunities for drug targeting at the tissue and cellular levels. This has been possible with better understanding and manipulation of the fabrication and degradation processes, particularly emulsion-solvent extraction, and conjugation of polyesters with ligands or other polymers before or after particle formation. As a result, particle surface and internal porosity have been designed to meet criteria-facilitating passive targeting (e.g., for pulmonary delivery), modification of the drug release profile (e.g., attenuation of the burst release) and active targeting via ligand binding to specific cell receptors. It is now possible to envisage adventurous applications for polyester microparticles beyond their inherent role as biodegradable, controlled drug delivery vehicles. These may include drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of cerebral disease and tumor targeting, and co-delivery of drugs in a pulsatile and/or time-delayed fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahidah Mohamed
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
This review covers recent developments in the area of particle engineering via spray drying. The last decade has seen a shift from empirical formulation efforts to an engineering approach based on a better understanding of particle formation in the spray drying process. Microparticles with nanoscale substructures can now be designed and their functionality has contributed significantly to stability and efficacy of the particulate dosage form. The review provides concepts and a theoretical framework for particle design calculations. It reviews experimental research into parameters that influence particle formation. A classification based on dimensionless numbers is presented that can be used to estimate how excipient properties in combination with process parameters influence the morphology of the engineered particles. A wide range of pharmaceutical application examples—low density particles, composite particles, microencapsulation, and glass stabilization—is discussed, with specific emphasis on the underlying particle formation mechanisms and design concepts.
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Klinman DM. CpG oligonucleotides accelerate and boost the immune response elicited by AVA, the licensed anthrax vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007; 5:365-9. [PMID: 16827620 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.5.3.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune adjuvants, improving the immune response elicited by coadministered vaccines. Combining CpG ODN with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA), the licensed human vaccine, can increase the speed, magnitude and avidity of the resultant anti-anthrax response in mice, rhesus macaques and humans. Adsorbing the CpG ODN onto cationic poly(actide-coglycolides) microparticles further boosts immunity to coadministered AVA. The antibody response induced by CpG ODN plus AVA confers protection against systemic anthrax challenge in multiple animal models. These findings suggest that CpG ODN, alone or in combination with other adjuvants and delivery strategies, may support the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against biothreat pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Klinman
- Building 29A, Room 3D 10, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research/Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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48
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Greer CE, Zhou F, Goodsell A, Legg HS, Tang Z, zur Megede J, Uematsu Y, Polo JM, Vajdy M. Long-term protection in hamsters against human parainfluenza virus type 3 following mucosal or combinations of mucosal and systemic immunizations with chimeric alphavirus-based replicon particles. Scand J Immunol 2007; 66:645-53. [PMID: 17944814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.02019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
No licensed vaccines are available to protect against parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3), a significant health risk for infants. In search of a safe vaccine, we used an alphavirus-based chimeric vector, consisting of Sindbis virus (SIN) structural proteins and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) replicon RNA, expressing the PIV3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein (VEE/SIN-HN). We compared different routes of intramuscular (i.m.), intranasal (i.n.), or combined i.n. and i.m. immunizations with VEE/SIN-HN in hamsters. Six months after the final immunization, all hamsters were protected against live PIV3 i.n. challenge in nasal turbinates and lungs. This protection appeared to correlate with antibodies in serum, nasal turbinates and lungs. This is the first report demonstrating mucosal protection against PIV3 for an extended time following immunizations with an RNA replicon delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Greer
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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Abstract
The development of more advanced and effective vaccines is of great interest in modern medicine. These new-generation vaccines, based on recombinant proteins or DNA, are often less reactogenic and immunogenic than traditional vaccines. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of new and improved adjuvants. Besides many other immunostimulatory components, the bacterial ghost (BG) system is currently under investigation as a potent vaccine delivery system with intrinsic adjuvant properties. BGs are nonliving cell envelope preparations from Gram-negative cells, devoid of cytoplasmic contents, while their cellular morphology and native surface antigenic structures remain preserved. Owing to the particulate nature of BGs and the fact that they contain many well known immune-stimulating compounds, BGs have the potential to enhance immune responses against ghost-delivered target antigens.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Drug Carriers
- Genetic Vectors
- Gram-Negative Bacteria/genetics
- Gram-Negative Bacteria/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/trends
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Riedmann
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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50
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O'Hagan DT, Singh M, Ulmer JB. Microparticle-based technologies for vaccines. Methods 2007; 40:10-9. [PMID: 16997709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles have been effectively used for many years as delivery systems for drugs and therapeutic proteins. Their application to the delivery of vaccines is not as extensive, but is growing. Utility has been demonstrated for the delivery of various types of vaccines (e.g., recombinant proteins, plasmid DNA, and peptides) and other vaccine components (e.g., immune potentiators). With respect to delivery of immune potentiators, synergistic effects are often observed whereby much more potent immune responses are induced with a combination than with either component alone. Hence, the prospects for broad application of microparticle-based delivery systems for vaccines are excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T O'Hagan
- Vaccines Research, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Mail Stop 4.3, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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