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Shahzad N, Alzahrani AR, Aziz Ibrahim IA, Shahid I, Alanazi IM, Falemban AH, Imam MT, Mohsin N, Azlina MFN, Arulselvan P. Therapeutic strategy of biological macromolecules based natural bioactive compounds of diabetes mellitus and future perspectives: A systematic review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24207. [PMID: 38298622 PMCID: PMC10828662 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High blood glucose levels are a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome known as diabetes mellitus. More than 600 million people will have diabetes by 2045 as the global prevalence of the disease continues to rise. Contemporary antidiabetic drugs reduce hyperglycemia and its consequences. However, these drugs come with undesirable side effects, so it's encouraging that research into plant extracts and bioactive substances with antidiabetic characteristics is on the rise. Natural remedies are preferable to conventional anti-diabetic drugs since they are safer for the body, more affordable and have fewer potential adverse effects. Biological macromolecules such as liposomes, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions and metallic nanoparticles are explored in this review. Current drug restrictions have been addressed, and the effectiveness of plant-based antidiabetic therapies has enhanced the merits of these methods. Plant extracts' loading capacity and the carriers' stability are the primary obstacles in developing plant-based nanocarriers. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic drugs are covered, and a brief overview of the amphipathic features of liposomes, phospholipids, and lipid nanocarriers is provided. Metallic nanoparticles' benefits and attendant risks are highlighted to emphasize their efficiency in treating hyperglycemia. Researchers interested in the potential of nanoparticles loaded with plant extracts as antidiabetic therapeutics may find the current helpful review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R. Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Mohsin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
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2
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Immanuel J, Yun S. Vascular Inflammatory Diseases and Endothelial Phenotypes. Cells 2023; 12:1640. [PMID: 37371110 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of endothelial cells control vascular tone, permeability, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which significantly help to maintain a healthy vascular system. Several cardiovascular diseases are characterized by endothelial cell activation or dysfunction triggered by external stimuli such as disturbed flow, hypoxia, growth factors, and cytokines in response to high levels of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, aging, drugs, and smoking. Increasing evidence suggests that uncontrolled proinflammatory signaling and further alteration in endothelial cell phenotypes such as barrier disruption, increased permeability, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and metabolic reprogramming further induce vascular diseases, and multiple studies are focusing on finding the pathways and mechanisms involved in it. This review highlights the main proinflammatory stimuli and their effects on endothelial cell function. In order to provide a rational direction for future research, we also compiled the most recent data regarding the impact of endothelial cell dysfunction on vascular diseases and potential targets that impede the pathogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenita Immanuel
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
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3
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Porterfield JE, Sharma R, Jimenez AS, Sah N, McCracken S, Zhang L, An H, Lee S, Kannan S, Sharma A, Kannan RM. Galactosylated hydroxyl-polyamidoamine dendrimer targets hepatocytes and improves therapeutic outcomes in a severe model of acetaminophen poisoning-induced liver failure. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10486. [PMID: 37206223 PMCID: PMC10189448 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity to hepatocytes caused by various insults including drugs is a common cause of chronic liver failure requiring transplantation. Targeting therapeutics specifically to hepatocytes is often a challenge since they are relatively nonendocytosing unlike the highly phagocytic Kupffer cells in the liver. Approaches that enable targeted intracellular delivery of therapeutics to hepatocytes have significant promise in addressing liver disorders. We synthesized a galactose-conjugated hydroxyl polyamidoamine dendrimer (D4-Gal) that targets hepatocytes efficiently through the asialoglycoprotein receptors in healthy mice and in a mouse model of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver failure. D4-Gal localized specifically in hepatocytes and showed significantly better targeting when compared with the non-Gal functionalized hydroxyl dendrimer. The therapeutic potential of D4-Gal conjugated to N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) was tested in a mouse model of APAP-induced liver failure. A single intravenous dose of a conjugate of D4-Gal and NAC (Gal-d-NAC) improved survival in APAP mice, decreased cellular oxidative injury and areas of necrosis in the liver, even when administered at the delayed time point of 8 h after APAP exposure. Overdose of APAP is the most common cause of acute hepatic injury and liver transplant need in the United States, and is treated with large doses of NAC administered rapidly within 8 h of overdose leading to systemic side effects and poor tolerance. NAC is not effective when treatment is delayed. Our results suggest that D4-Gal is effective in targeting and delivering therapies to hepatocytes and Gal-D-NAC has the potential to salvage and treat liver injury with a broader therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E. Porterfield
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ambar Scarlet Jimenez
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nirnath Sah
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sean McCracken
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Lucia Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Hyoung‐Tae An
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of RadiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Seulki Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of RadiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.BaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Present address:
Department of ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Rangaramanujam M. Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.BaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Shaharyar MA, Bhowmik R, Al-Abbasi FA, AlGhamdi SA, Alghamdi AM, Sarkar A, Kazmi I, Karmakar S. Vaccine Formulation Strategies and Challenges Involved in RNA Delivery for Modulating Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Race from Laboratory to Market. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020241. [PMID: 36851119 PMCID: PMC9963957 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that noncoding RNAs have significant physiological and pathological roles. Modulation of noncoding RNAs may offer therapeutic approaches as per recent findings. Small RNAs, mostly long noncoding RNAs, siRNA, and microRNAs make up noncoding RNAs. Inhibiting or promoting protein breakdown by binding to 3' untranslated regions of target mRNA, microRNAs post-transcriptionally control the pattern of gene expression. Contrarily, long non-coding RNAs perform a wider range of tasks, including serving as molecular scaffolding, decoys, and epigenetic regulators. This article provides instances of long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs that may be a biomarker of CVD (cardiovascular disease). In this paper we highlight various RNA-based vaccine formulation strategies designed to target these biomarkers-that are either currently in the research pipeline or are in the global pharmaceutical market-along with the physiological hurdles that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Adil Shaharyar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.K.); Tel.: +966-543970731 (I.K.); +91-8017136385 (S.K.)
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.K.); Tel.: +966-543970731 (I.K.); +91-8017136385 (S.K.)
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5
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Gritsch L, Bossard C, Jallot E, Jones JR, Lao J. Bioactive glass-based organic/inorganic hybrids: an analysis of the current trends in polymer design and selection. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:519-545. [PMID: 36541433 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glass-based organic/inorganic hybrids are a family of materials holding great promise in the biomedical field. Developed from bioactive glasses following recent advances in sol-gel and polymer chemistry, they can overcome many limitations of traditional composites typically used in bone repair and orthopedics. Thanks to their unique molecular structure, hybrids are often characterized by synergistic properties that go beyond a mere combination of their two components; it is possible to synthesize materials with a wide variety of mechanical and biological properties. The polymeric component, in particular, can be tailored to prepare tough, load-bearing materials, or rubber-like elastomers. It can also be a key factor in the determination of a wide range of interesting biological properties. In addition, polymers can also be used within hybrids as carriers for therapeutic ions (although this is normally the role of silica). This review offers a brief look into the history of hybrids, from the discovery of bioactive glasses to the latest developments, with a particular emphasis on polymer design and chemistry. First the benefits and limitations of hybrids will be discussed and compared with those of alternative approaches (for instance, nanocomposites). Then, key advances in the field will be presented focusing on the polymeric component: its chemistry, its physicochemical and biological advantages, its drawbacks, and selected applications. Comprehensive tables summarizing all the polymers used to date to fabricate sol-gel hybrids for biomedical applications are also provided, to offer a handbook of all the available candidates for hybrid synthesis. In addition to the current trends, open challenges and possible avenues of future development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gritsch
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière (Clermont-Ferrand), France. .,Technogym S.p.A., via Calcinaro 2861, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Cédric Bossard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière (Clermont-Ferrand), France.
| | - Edouard Jallot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière (Clermont-Ferrand), France.
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jonathan Lao
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière (Clermont-Ferrand), France.
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Lai WF, Wong WT. Use of graphene-based materials as carriers of bioactive agents. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:577-588. [PMID: 34849163 PMCID: PMC8609387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene possesses a large specific surface area, a high Young's modulus, high fracture strength, high electrical conductivity, and excellent optical performance. It has been widely studied for biomedical use since its first appearance in the literature. This article offers an overview of the latest advances in the design of graphene-based materials for delivery of bioactive agents. To enhance the translation of these carriers into practical use, the toxicity involved is needed to be examined in future research in more detail. In addition, guidelines for standardizing experimental conditions during the evaluation of the performance of graphene-based materials are required to be established so that candidates showing higher practical potential can be more effectively identified for further development. This can streamline the optimization and use of graphene-based materials in delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
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Arora S, Sharma D, Layek B, Singh J. A Review of Brain-Targeted Nonviral Gene-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4237-4255. [PMID: 34705472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are difficult to treat owing to the complexity of the brain and the presence of a natural blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major progressive and currently incurable neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS, which accounts for 60-80% of cases of dementia. The pathophysiology of AD involves the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Additionally, synaptic loss and imbalance of neuronal signaling molecules are characterized as important markers of AD. Existing treatments of AD help in the management of its symptoms and aim toward the maintenance of cognitive functions, behavior, and attenuation of gradual memory loss. Over the past decade, nonviral gene therapy has attracted increasing interest due to its various advantages over its viral counterparts. Moreover, advancements in nonviral gene technology have led to their increasing contributions in clinical trials. However, brain-targeted nonviral gene delivery vectors come across various extracellular and intracellular barriers, limiting their ability to transfer the therapeutic gene into the target cells. Chief barriers to nonviral gene therapy have been discussed briefly in this review. We have also highlighted the rapid advancement of several nonviral gene therapies for AD, which are broadly categorized into physical and chemical methods. These methods aim to modulate Aβ, beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), apolipoprotein E, or neurotrophic factors' expression in the CNS. Overall, this review discusses challenges and recent advancements of nonviral gene therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
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MacCuaig WM, Fouts BL, McNally MW, Grizzle WE, Chuong P, Samykutty A, Mukherjee P, Li M, Jasinski J, Behkam B, McNally LR. Active Targeting Significantly Outperforms Nanoparticle Size in Facilitating Tumor-Specific Uptake in Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49614-49630. [PMID: 34653338 PMCID: PMC9783196 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are widely studied as theranostic vehicles for cancer; however, clinical translation has been limited due to poor tumor specificity. Features that maximize tumor uptake remain controversial, particularly when using clinically relevant models. We report a systematic study that assesses two major features for the impact on tumor specificity, i.e., active vs passive targeting and nanoparticle size, to evaluate relative influences in vivo. Active targeting via the V7 peptide is superior to passive targeting for uptake by pancreatic tumors, irrespective of nanoparticle size, observed through in vivo imaging. Size has a secondary effect on uptake for actively targeted nanoparticles in which 26 nm nanoparticles outperform larger 45 and 73 nm nanoparticles. Nanoparticle size had no significant effect on uptake for passively targeted nanoparticles. Results highlight the superiority of active targeting over nanoparticle size for tumor uptake. These findings suggest a framework for optimizing similar nonaggregate nanoparticles for theranostic treatment of recalcitrant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. MacCuaig
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Fouts
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Molly W McNally
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - William E. Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Phillip Chuong
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Min Li
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jacek Jasinski
- Conn Center Materials Characterization, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Sharma D, Arora S, Singh J, Layek B. A review of the tortuous path of nonviral gene delivery and recent progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2055-2073. [PMID: 34087309 PMCID: PMC8266766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy encompasses the transfer of exogenous genetic materials into the patient's target cells to treat or prevent diseases. Nevertheless, the transfer of genetic material into desired cells is challenging and often requires specialized tools or delivery systems. For the past 40 years, scientists are mainly pursuing various viruses as gene delivery vectors, and the overall progress has been slow and far from the expectation. As an alternative, nonviral vectors have gained substantial attention due to their several advantages, including superior safety profile, enhanced payload capacity, and stealth abilities. Since nonviral vectors encounter multiple extra- and intra-cellular barriers limiting the transfer of genetic payload into the target cell nucleus, we have discussed these barriers in detail for this review. A direct approach, utilizing physical methods like electroporation, sonoporation, gene gun, eliminate the requirement for a specific carrier for gene delivery. In contrast, chemical methods of gene transfer exploit natural or synthetic compounds as carriers to increase cellular targeting and gene therapy effectiveness. We have also emphasized the recent advancements aimed at enhancing the current nonviral approaches. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on discussing the current evolving state of nonviral gene delivery systems and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
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Ishizawa K, Togami K, Tada H, Chono S. Evaluation of tissue-clearing techniques for intraorgan imaging of distribution of polymeric nanoparticles as drug carriers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:2061-2069. [PMID: 33115275 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1843476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of drug delivery systems using nanocarriers requires intraorgan imaging techniques for evaluating the distribution of nanocarriers. In this study, we evaluated the tissue-clearing techniques for the imaging of polymeric nanoparticles, a nanocarrier, in the liver used as a model of pigment-rich organ in mice. SIGNIFICANCE The intraorgan imaging method of polymeric nanoparticles was examined without sectioning of organ samples for evaluating the delivery efficiency in preclinical studies. METHODS DiI-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and fluorescence-tagged tomato lectin for fluorescence labeling of liver general structures were intravenously administered to mice. Tissue-clearing treatment of the mouse liver was performed using ClearT2, ScaleSQ(0), clearing agent comprising fructose, urea, and glycerol for imaging (FUnGI), clear unobstructed brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis (CUBIC), and modified CUBIC techniques. Intraorgan fluorescence imaging in the liver was performed by confocal laser microscopy. RESULTS ClearT2 treatment exhibited insufficient clearing capability in the mouse liver. Although CUBIC treatment exhibited the best clearing capability, the CUBIC caused DiI leakage. ScaleSQ(0), FUnGI, and modified CUBIC treatments exhibited better clearing capability than ClearT2 technique while preserving the DiI. In the fluorescence imaging, the CUBIC and modified CUBIC exhibited deeper visualization than with the ScaleSQ(0) and FUnGI; however, the CUBIC led to a change in DiI distribution. The modified CUBIC enabled the deepest visualization while preserving the distribution of DiI. CONCLUSION The intraorgan imaging method was established using modified CUBIC technique by the intravenous administration of fluorescence-tagged tomato lectin for evaluating the distribution of polymeric nanoparticles in mouse pigment-rich organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Ishizawa
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Togami
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan.,Creation Research Institute of Life Science in KITA-no-DAICHI, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tada
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumio Chono
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan.,Creation Research Institute of Life Science in KITA-no-DAICHI, Sapporo, Japan
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Hu S, D'Argenio DZ. Predicting monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics following subcutaneous administration via whole-body physiologically-based modeling. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2020; 47:385-409. [PMID: 32500362 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-020-09691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Use of the subcutaneous (SC) route for administering monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to treat chronic conditions has been hindered because of an incomplete understanding of fundamental mechanisms controlling mAb absorption from the SC site, and due to the limited translatability of preclinical studies. In this paper, we report on the development and evaluation of a whole-body physiologically-based model to predict mAb pharmacokinetics following SC administration. The circulatory model is based on the physiological processes governing mAb transport and includes two mAb-specific parameters representing differences in pinocytosis rate and the diffusive/convective transport rates among mAbs. At the SC administration site, two additional parameters are used to represent mAb differences in lymphatic capillary uptake and in pre-systemic clearance. Model development employed clinical intravenous (IV) plasma PK data from 20 mAbs and SC plasma PK data from 12 of these mAbs, as obtained from the literature. The resulting model reliably described both the IV and SC measured plasma concentration data. In addition, a metric based on the positive charge across the mAb's complementarity determining region vicinity was found to positively correlate with the model-based estimates of the mAb-specific parameter governing organ/tissue pinocytosis transport and with estimates of the mAb's SC lymphatic capillary clearance. These two relationships were incorporated into the model and accurately predicted the SC PK profiles of three out of four separate mAbs not included in model development. The whole-body physiologically-based model reported herein, provides a platform to characterize and predict the plasma disposition of monoclonal antibodies following SC administration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Z D'Argenio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Lai WF, Wong WT, Rogach AL. Development of Copper Nanoclusters for In Vitro and In Vivo Theranostic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906872. [PMID: 31975469 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Theranostics refers to the incorporation of therapeutic and diagnostic functions into one material system. An important class of nanomaterials exploited for theranostics is metal nanoclusters (NCs). In contrast to gold and silver NCs, copper is an essential trace element for humans. It can be more easily removed from the body. This, along with the low cost of copper that offers potential large-scale nanotechnology applications, means that copper NCs have attracted great interest in recent years. The latest advances in the design, synthesis, surface engineering, and applications of copper NCs in disease diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment are reviewed. Strategies to control and enhance the emission of copper NCs are considered. With this synopsis of the up-to-date development of copper NCs as theranostic agents, it is hoped that insights and directions for translating current advances from the laboratory to the clinic can be further advanced and accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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Klockow JL, Hettie KS, LaGory EL, Moon EJ, Giaccia AJ, Graves EE, Chin FT. An Activatable NIR Fluorescent Rosol for Selectively Imaging Nitroreductase Activity. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2020; 306:127446. [PMID: 32265579 PMCID: PMC7138224 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.127446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia (pO2 ≤ ~1.5%) is an important characteristic of tumor microenvironments that directly correlates with resistance against first-line therapies and tumor proliferation/infiltration. The ability to accurately identify hypoxic tumor cells/tissue could afford tailored therapeutic regimens for personalized treatment, development of more-effective therapies, and discerning the mechanisms underlying disease progression. Fluorogenic constructs identifying aforesaid cells/tissue operate by targeting the bioreductive activity of primarily nitroreductases (NTRs), but collectively present photophysical and/or physicochemical shortcomings that could limit effectiveness. To overcome these limitations, we present the rational design, development, and evaluation of the first activatable ultracompact xanthene core-based molecular probe (NO 2 -Rosol) for selectively imaging NTR activity that affords an "OFF-ON" near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence response (> 700 nm) alongside a remarkable Stokes shift (> 150 nm) via NTR activity-facilitated modulation to its energetics whose resultant interplay discontinues an intramolecular d-PET fluorescence-quenching mechanism transpiring between directly-linked electronically-uncoupled π-systems comprising its components. DFT calculations guided selection of a suitable fluorogenic scaffold and nitroaromatic moiety candidate that when adjoined could (i) afford such photophysical response upon bioreduction by upregulated NTR activity in hypoxic tumor cells/tissue and (ii) employ a retention mechanism strategy that capitalizes on an inherent physical property of the NIR fluorogenic scaffold for achieving signal amplification. NO 2 -Rosol demonstrated 705 nm NIR fluorescence emission and 157 nm Stokes shift, selectivity for NTR over relevant bioanalytes, and a 28-/12-fold fluorescence enhancement in solution and between cells cultured under different oxic conditions, respectively. In establishing feasibility for NO 2 -Rosol to provide favorable contrast levels in solutio/vitro, we anticipate NO 2 -Rosol doing so in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth S. Hettie
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Corresponding author: Kenneth S. Hettie, Ph.D., 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, , Frederick T. Chin, Ph.D., 3165 Porter Drive, Room 2129, Palo Alto, CA 94304,
| | - Edward L. LaGory
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eui Jung Moon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amato J. Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Edward E. Graves
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Frederick T. Chin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Corresponding author: Kenneth S. Hettie, Ph.D., 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, , Frederick T. Chin, Ph.D., 3165 Porter Drive, Room 2129, Palo Alto, CA 94304,
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Li Q, Sun M, Li G, Qiu L, Huang Z, Gong J, Huang J, Li G, Si L. The sub-chronic impact of mPEG2k-PCLx polymeric nanocarriers on cytochrome P450 enzymes after intravenous administration in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:101-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Boseila AA, Abdel-Reheem AY, Basalious EB. Design of bile-based vesicles (BBVs) for hepatocytes specific delivery of Daclatasvir: Comparison of ex-vivo transenterocytic transport, in-vitro protein adsorption resistance and HepG2 cellular uptake of charged and β-sitosterol decorated vesicles. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219752. [PMID: 31310613 PMCID: PMC6634393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Daclatasvir is a new direct acting antiviral used in treatment of Hepatitis C virus, in an attempt to increase its hepatocytes specificity and uptake. It was encapsulated within bile based vesicles (BBVs) containing egg phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol and sodium deoxycholate fabricated by thin-film hydration method. A D-optimal mixture design was applied to study the effect of formulation variables on vesicular characteristics. The dependent variables picked were the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The optimized bile based vesicles were subjected for further modifications to prepare miniaturized anionic (ABBVs), cationic (CBBVs) and Sito-G decorated BBVs (Sito-GBBVs) to be capable to penetrate liver fenestrae (<200 nm). The aim of the current work is to compare the potential of the ABBVs, CBBVs and Sito-GBBVs loaded with Daclatasvir for stability in simulated biological fluids, ex-vivo intestinal transenterocytic transport, HepG2 cellular uptake and resistance to blood protein adsorption. The miniaturized ABBVs, CBBVs and Sito-GBBVs showed acceptable stability in simulated biological fluids. CBBVs had the highest transenterocytic transport through intestinal membrane. The internalization of CBBVs into HepG2 cells was about 2.1 folds that of ABBVs and 1.45 folds that of Sito-GBBVs. ABBVs and Sito-GBBVs showed superior resistance to opsonization compared to CBBVs which showed significant increase in particle size (p˃0.05) due to protein adsorption. The miniaturized Sito-GBBVs constitute a promising strategy to overcome key biological barriers facing hepatocytes specific delivery of Daclatasvir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A. Boseila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Amal Y. Abdel-Reheem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad B. Basalious
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Brzuzan P, Woźny M, Lewczuk B, Florczyk M, Gomułka P, Budzińska P, Wesołowski M, Dobosz S. In vivo miRNA delivery in whitefish: Synthetic MiR92b-3p uptake and the efficacy of gene expression silencing. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:52-63. [PMID: 30664358 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218824573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The delivery of short snippets of RNA, such as synthetic miRNA agents, is an essential step for achieving RNA-mediated knockdown, which has not been studied in sufficient detail in fish. Our results indicate that a MiR92b-3p mimic may be effectively delivered via intraperitoneal injection to the spleen and the liver of whitefish, and that it likely achieves functionality without causing any apparent toxic effects in the challenged animals. We report the novel finding that the MiR92b-3p mimic reduced the in vivo liver mRNA expression levels of its putative pro-apoptotic targets (p53, cdkn1a, and pcna), and important metabolic genes, e.g. cdo1. This shows that this methodology of MiR92b-3p mimic transfection in vivo may be a useful tool for studies that investigate the molecular pathways that confer pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotypes or those that regulate intracellular metabolism in fish and other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Brzuzan
- 1 Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-709, Poland
| | - Maciej Woźny
- 1 Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-709, Poland
| | - Bogdan Lewczuk
- 2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-713, Poland
| | - Maciej Florczyk
- 1 Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-709, Poland
| | - Piotr Gomułka
- 3 Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Paulina Budzińska
- 1 Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-709, Poland
| | - Michał Wesołowski
- 1 Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-709, Poland
| | - Stefan Dobosz
- 4 Department of the Salmonid Research in Rutki, Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Żukowo 83-330, Poland
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Ye PJ, Huang C, Yang S, Gao P, Li ZP, Tang SY, Xiang Y, Liu YF, Chen YP, He DX, Yu CY. Facile fabrication of a novel hybrid nanoparticles by self-assembling based on pectin-doxorubicin conjugates for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S661-S670. [PMID: 30307317 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1505745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the greatest public health problems worldwide, and chemotherapy remains the major approach for the HCC treatment. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the anthracycline antibiotics but its clinical use is limited due to its severe cardiotoxicity. In this study, novel hybrid nanoparticles by self-assembling based on pectin-doxorubicin conjugates (PDC-NPs) were fabricated for HCC treatment. The stabilized structure of the PDC-NPs was characterized by methylene blue absorption, the size, zeta potential and the morphology, which was investigated by Zetasizer nanoparticle analyzer and transmission electron microscope (TEM), of nanoparticles. The PDC-NPs achieved a sustained and prolonged release ability, which was illustrated with in vitro drug release profiles, anti-cell proliferation study, cellular uptake assay and in vivo pharmacokinetics analysis. Biocompatibility of the PDC-NPs was assessed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption test, hemolysis activity examination and viability evaluation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Importantly, in vivo studies of the PDC-NPs, which were performed in the athymic BALB/c nude mice, demonstrated that the PDC-NPs significantly reduced the lethal side effect of DOX. Additionally, the H&E staining and serum biochemistry study further confirmed the excellent biological security of the PDC-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ju Ye
- a Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang , China.,b Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Can Huang
- a Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Sa Yang
- a Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Pei Gao
- b Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Zhi-Ping Li
- a Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Si-Yue Tang
- a Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Ya Xiang
- a Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- a Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Yu-Ping Chen
- a Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Dong-Xiu He
- a Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- a Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang , China.,b Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
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Preclinical Evaluation of [ 68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377: A Promising Affibody-Based Probe for Noninvasive PET Imaging of EGFR Expression in Tumors. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090141. [PMID: 30231504 PMCID: PMC6162391 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Radionuclide imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in tumors may stratify patients for EGFR-targeting therapies and predict response or resistance to certain treatments. Affibody molecules, which are nonimmunoglobulin scaffold proteins, have a high potential as probes for molecular imaging. In this study, maleimido derivative of desferrioxamine B (DFO) chelator was site-specifically coupled to the C-terminal cysteine of the anti-EGFR affibody molecule ZEGFR:2377, and the DFO-ZEGFR:2377 conjugate was labeled with the generator-produced positron-emitting radionuclide 68Ga. Stability, specificity of binding to EGFR-expressing cells, and processing of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 by cancer cells after binding were evaluated in vitro. In vivo studies were performed in nude mice bearing human EGFR-expressing A431 epidermoid cancer xenografts. The biodistribution of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 was directly compared with the biodistribution of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377. DFO-ZEGFR:2377 was efficiently (isolated yield of 73 ± 3%) and stably labeled with 68Ga. Binding of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 to EGFR-expressing cells in vitro was receptor-specific and proportional to the EGFR expression level. In vivo saturation experiment demonstrated EGFR-specific accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 in A431 xenografts. Compared to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377, [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) higher uptake in tumors and lower uptake in spleen and bones. This resulted in significantly higher tumor-to-organ ratios for [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377. In conclusion, [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 is a promising probe for imaging of EGFR expression.
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Allen RJ, Mathew B, Rice KG. PEG-Peptide Inhibition of Scavenger Receptor Uptake of Nanoparticles by the Liver. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3881-3891. [PMID: 30052459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PEGylated polylysine peptides represent a new class of scavenger receptor inhibitors that may find utility at inhibiting DNA nanoparticle uptake by Kupffer cells in the liver. PEG-peptides inhibit scavenger receptors in the liver by a novel mechanism involving in situ formation of albumin nanoparticles. The present study developed a new in vivo assay used to explore the structure-activity-relationships of PEG-peptides to find potent scavenger receptor inhibitors. Radio-iodinated PEG-peptides were dosed i.v. in mice and shown to saturate liver uptake in a dose-dependent fashion. The inhibition potency (IC50) was dependent on both the length of a polylysine repeat and PEG molecular weight. PEG30kda-Cys-Tyr-Lys25 was confirmed to be a high molecular weight (33.5 kDa) scavenger receptor inhibitor with an IC50 of 18 μM. Incorporation of multiple Leu residues improved potency, allowing a decrease in PEG MW and Lys repeat, resulting in PEG5kda-Cys-Tyr-Lys-(Leu-Lys4)3-Leu-Lys that inhibited scavenger receptors with an IC50 = 20 μM. A further decrease in PEG MW to 2 kDa increased potency further, resulting in a low molecular weight (4403 g/mol) PEG-peptide with an IC50 of 3 μM. Optimized low molecular weight PEG-peptides also demonstrated potency when inhibiting the uptake of radio-iodinated DNA nanoparticles by the liver. This study demonstrates an approach to discover low molecular weight PEG-peptides that serve as potent scavenger receptor inhibitors to block nanoparticle uptake by the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rondine J Allen
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Basil Mathew
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Kevin G Rice
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
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Kim HJ, Yi Y, Kim A, Miyata K. Small Delivery Vehicles of siRNA for Enhanced Cancer Targeting. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2377-2390. [PMID: 29864287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs have been considered to treat various diseases in major organs. However, siRNA drugs developed for cancer therapy are hindered from proceeding to the clinic. To date, various delivery formulations have been developed from cationic lipids, polymers, and/or inorganic nanoparticles for systemic siRNA delivery to solid tumors. Most of these delivery vehicles do not generate small particle sizes and pharmacokinetics required for accumulation in target cancer cells compared with clinically tested anticancer drug-loaded polymeric micelles. This review describes the significance of small, long-circulating vehicles for efficient delivery of siRNA to cancer tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. We summarize recent biological evidence that supports the size effect of delivery vehicles in tumor microenvironments and introduce promising strategies for the construction of small vehicles with sizes of 10-50 nm. We then discuss the feasibility of these delivery vehicles with respect to translation to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Yu Yi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan.,CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanosciecne and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Ahram Kim
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
| | - Kanjiro Miyata
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
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Lai WF, Rogach AL, Wong WT. Chemistry and engineering of cyclodextrins for molecular imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6379-6419. [PMID: 28930330 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are naturally occurring cyclic oligosaccharides bearing a basket-shaped topology with an "inner-outer" amphiphilic character. The abundance of hydroxyl groups enables CDs to be functionalized with multiple targeting ligands and imaging elements. The imaging time, and the payload of different imaging elements, can be tuned by taking advantage of the commercial availability of CDs with different sizes of the cavity. This review aims to offer an outlook of the chemistry and engineering of CDs for the development of molecular probes. Complexation thermodynamics of CDs, and the corresponding implications for probe design, are also presented with examples demonstrating the structural and physiochemical roles played by CDs in the full ambit of molecular imaging. We hope that this review not only offers a synopsis of the current development of CD-based molecular probes, but can also facilitate translation of the incremental advancements from the laboratory to real biomedical applications by illuminating opportunities and challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Lai WF, Rogach AL, Wong WT. Molecular design of upconversion nanoparticles for gene delivery. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7339-7358. [PMID: 29163885 PMCID: PMC5672820 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02956j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their large anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emission spectra and long excited-state lifetimes, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted an increasing amount of research interests, and have shown great potential for enhancing the practical utility of gene therapy, whose versatility has been limited by existing gene delivery technologies that are basically mono-functional in nature. Despite this, up to now in-depth analysis of the development of UCNPs for gene delivery has been scant in the literature, even though there has been an upsurge of reviews on the chemistry of UCNPs and their applications in bioimaging and drug delivery. To fill this gap, this review aims to present the latest advances in the development and applications of UCNPs as gene carriers. Prior to describing the prominent works published in the field, a critical view on the properties, chemistry and molecular design of UCNPs for gene delivery is provided. With a synopsis of the recent advances in UCNP-mediated gene delivery, challenges and opportunities could be illuminated for clinical translation of works in this nascent field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Science Centre , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , China
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong . ;
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP) , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong . ;
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Chung JJ, Fujita Y, Li S, Stevens MM, Kasuga T, Georgiou TK, Jones JR. Biodegradable inorganic-organic hybrids of methacrylate star polymers for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2017; 54:411-418. [PMID: 28285078 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hybrids that are molecular scale co-networks of organic and inorganic components are promising biomaterials, improving the brittleness of bioactive glass and the strength of polymers. Methacrylate polymers have high potential as the organic source for hybrids since they can be produced, through controlled polymerization, with sophisticated polymer architectures that can bond to silicate networks. Previous studies showed the mechanical properties of hybrids can be modified by polymer architecture and molar mass (MM). However, biodegradability is critical if hybrids are to be used as tissue engineering scaffolds, since the templates must be remodelled by host tissue. Degradation by-products have to either completely biodegrade or be excreted by the kidneys. Enzyme, or bio-degradation is preferred to hydrolysis by water uptake as it is expected to give a more controlled degradation rate. Here, branched and star shaped poly(methyl methacrylate-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (poly(MMA-co-TMSPMA)) were synthesized with disulphide based dimethacrylate (DSDMA) as a biodegradable branching agent. Biodegradability was confirmed by exposing the copolymers to glutathione, a tripeptide which is known to cleave disulphide bonds. Cleaved parts of the star polymer from the hybrid system were detected after 2weeks of immersion in glutathione solution, and MM was under threshold of kidney filtration. The presence of the branching agent did not reduce the mechanical properties of the hybrids and bone progenitor cells attached on the hybrids in vitro. Incorporation of the DSDMA branching agent has opened more possibilities to design biodegradable methacrylate polymer based hybrids for regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Bioactive glasses can regenerate bone but are brittle. Hybrids can overcome this problem as intimate interactions between glass and polymer creates synergetic properties. Implants have previously been made with synthetic polymers that degrade by water, however, they degrade catastrophically, causing rapid loss of strength. Polymers that degrade by biological agents may degrade at a more controlled rate, which should give time for tissue repair and transfer of load. Previously, hybrids made with star shaped poly(methyl methacrylate-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (p(MMA-co-TMSPMA)) showed enhanced properties. However, methacrylates are not bio-degradable. Here, star shaped p(MMA-co-TMSPMA) was synthesized with a core that can be cleaved by glutathione, a tripeptide. On exposure to glutathione, the hybrid degraded, producing products with molecular weights below the kidney filtration threshold.
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Lai WF, He ZD. Design and fabrication of hydrogel-based nanoparticulate systems for in vivo drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 243:269-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Pasut G, Scaramuzza S, Schiavon O, Mendichi R, Veronese FM. PEG-epirubicin Conjugates with High Drug Loading. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911505053377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PEG is used as a polymeric carrier for low molecular weight drugs, but limitations arise from the fact that only one or two hydroxyl residues are on each polymer. Therefore, the synthesis of dendrimeric structures, based on amino adipic acid or beta-glutamic acid, as a branching molecule, built on a PEG diol of Mw 10,000Da was investigated. The large polycyclic drug epirubicin molecule was chosen as a model to investigate the influence of structure branching and drug steric hindrance during coupling reactions. Several derivatives with increased numbers of drug molecules linked to each PEG chain were synthesized and their physical, chemical and biological properties were studied. The use of specific amino bicarboxylic acids (amino adipic acid or -glutamic acid), as the branching moiety for the dendrimer synthesis, allowed linking the hindered molecule epirubicin to multibranched PEG. Most drug loaded conjugates only dissolve in water following dissolution in DMSO. This solubility problem was solved by adding a hydrophilic peptide linker between the drug and the polymer. The conjugates, synthesized in good yield and purity, showed better stability than free epirubicin in different pH buffers and in plasma as well as prolonged residence time in blood. Dynamic light scattering investigation showed that these products have a high tendency to aggregate forming stable micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Pasut
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35143, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Scaramuzza
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35143, Padova, Italy
| | - Oddone Schiavon
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35143, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Mendichi
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Veronese
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35143, Padova, Italy,
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Salvage JP, Smith T, Lu T, Sanghera A, Standen G, Tang Y, Lewis AL. Synthesis, characterisation, and in vitro cellular uptake kinetics of nanoprecipitated poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-b-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (MPC-DPA) polymeric nanoparticle micelles for nanomedicine applications. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-016-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Zhang YN, Poon W, Tavares AJ, McGilvray ID, Chan WCW. Nanoparticle-liver interactions: Cellular uptake and hepatobiliary elimination. J Control Release 2016; 240:332-348. [PMID: 26774224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
30-99% of administered nanoparticles will accumulate and sequester in the liver after administration into the body. This results in reduced delivery to the targeted diseased tissue and potentially leads to increased toxicity at the hepatic cellular level. This review article focuses on the inter- and intra-cellular interaction between nanoparticles and hepatic cells, the elimination mechanism of nanoparticles through the hepatobiliary system, and current strategies to manipulate liver sequestration. The ability to solve the "nanoparticle-liver" interaction is critical to the clinical translation of nanotechnology for diagnosing and treating cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Wilson Poon
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Anthony J Tavares
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Ian D McGilvray
- Multi Organ Transport Program, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
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29
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Hashim PK, Okuro K, Sasaki S, Hoashi Y, Aida T. Reductively Cleavable Nanocaplets for siRNA Delivery by Template-Assisted Oxidative Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15608-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Hashim
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1,
Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Hoashi
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1,
Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Riken Center for
Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Hegen H, Auer M, Deisenhammer F. Pharmacokinetic considerations in the treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon-β. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1803-19. [PMID: 26419922 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1094055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interferon-β (IFNβ) is well established as a disease-modifying treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis. Several preparations of the biopharmaceutical are available differing in protein structure, formulation, dose as well as frequency and route of administration. Recently, a pegylated form of IFNβ has been marketed. AREAS COVERED Following a PubMed database search, we provide an overview of what is presently known about the pharmacokinetics (PK) of IFNβ including its absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Also, we discuss the association with clinically relevant issues such as treatment efficacy, adverse events and anti-drug antibodies. EXPERT OPINION IFNβ has a bioavailability of ∼ 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, shows peak serum concentrations within several hours, has a half-life of < 1 day and is eliminated by a renal and hepatic pathway. PK parameters do not substantially differ between the types of IFNβ and routes of administration; only pegylation of IFNβ results in substantially increased and prolonged PK. Although no clinical dose-effect relationship could be established, there is an association of IFNβ dose with magnetic resonance imaging outcome parameters. Furthermore, there is an association of IFNβ serum levels with the occurrence of adverse events and anti-drug antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hegen
- a 1 Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Neurology , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Auer
- a 1 Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Neurology , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Deisenhammer
- b 2 Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Laboratory , Innsbruck, Austria +43 5 12 50 42 42 64 ; +43 5 12 50 42 42 66 ;
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Zhang L, Guo L, Ding J, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Folate-decorated Polysaccharide-doxorubicin Polymer: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity in HeLa Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Lulu Guo
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Jingna Ding
- Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College; Anqing 246052 PR China
| | - Yongming Lu
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
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32
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Estep TN. Pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of plasma removal of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 43:203-15. [PMID: 26024447 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1047501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The circulatory persistence, distribution, and metabolism of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) is a major determinant of their safety and efficacy. In this communication, published data on the pharmacokinetics and routes of plasma elimination of HBOCs are summarized and evaluated. The circulating half-life of HBOCs is dose-dependent in both animals and humans. Half-life also increases with molecular weight in animals, at least up to the MDa range. The functional half-life of HBOCs is diminished by as much as 40% due to oxidation of the heme group relative to the overall rate of removal of hemoglobin (Hb) from plasma. Kidney excretion of HBOCs is greatly diminished compared to that of unmodified Hb, but the liver remains a primary site of catabolism. Both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells have been implicated in receptor-mediated HBOC uptake. Removal also occurs in the spleen and/or bone marrow and probably at dispersed sites in the endothelium as well. HBOCs extravasate into the lymph at a rate inversely proportional to their molecular weight and are taken up by monocyte/macrophage CD163 receptors, both as free Hb and in complexes with haptoglobin (Hp). The interactions with both Hp and the CD163 receptor are altered by Hb modification. However, monocyte/macrophage uptake may not be a quantitatively important route for the removal of clinically relevant doses of HBOCs. The relative contributions of different removal pathways have yet to be comprehensively determined, particularly in humans.
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Salvage JP, Thom C, Lewis AL, Phillips GJ, Lloyd AW. Nanoprecipitation of polymeric nanoparticle micelles based on 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) with 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA), for intracellular delivery applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:150. [PMID: 25773229 PMCID: PMC4359341 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodistribution of nanoparticle-based intracellular delivery systems is mediated primarily by particle size and physicochemical properties. As such, overcoming the rapid removal of these by the reticuloendothelial system remains a significant challenge. To date, a number of copolymer nanoparticle systems based on 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) with 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA), displaying biomimetic and pH responsive properties, have been published, however these have been predominately polymersome based, whilst micelle systems have remained relatively unexplored. This study utilised nanoprecipitation to investigate the effects of solvent and buffer choice upon micelle size and polydispersity, and found using methanol produced monodisperse micelles of circa 70 nm diameter, whilst ethanol produced polydisperse systems with nanoparticles of circa 128 nm diameter. The choice of aqueous buffer, dialysis of the systems, extended storage, and exposure to a wide temperature range (5-70 °C) had no significant effect on micelle size, and the systems were highly resistant to dilution, indicating excellent colloidal stability. Optimisation of the nanoprecipitation process, post precipitation, was investigated, and model drugs successfully loaded whilst maintaining system stability. Subsequent in vitro studies suggested that the micelles were of negligible cellular toxicity, and an apparent cellular uptake was observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy. This paper presents the first report of an optimised nanoprecipitation methodology for the formation of MPC-DPA nanoparticle micelles, and in doing so achieved monodisperse systems with the size and physicochemical characteristics seen as desirable for long circulating therapeutic delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Salvage
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK,
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Lorenzer C, Dirin M, Winkler AM, Baumann V, Winkler J. Going beyond the liver: progress and challenges of targeted delivery of siRNA therapeutics. J Control Release 2015; 203:1-15. [PMID: 25660205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic gene silencing promises significant progress in pharmacotherapy, including considerable expansion of the druggable target space and the possibility for treating orphan diseases. Technological hurdles have complicated the efficient use of therapeutic oligonucleotides, and siRNA agents suffer particularly from insufficient pharmacokinetic properties and poor cellular uptake. Intense development and evolution of delivery systems have resulted in efficient uptake predominantly in liver tissue, in which practically all nanoparticulate and liposomal delivery systems show the highest accumulation. The most efficacious strategies include liposomes and bioconjugations with N-acetylgalactosamine. Both are in early clinical evaluation stages for treatment of liver-associated diseases. Approaches for achieving knockdown in other tissues and tumors have been proven to be more complicated. Selective targeting to tumors may be enabled through careful modulation of physical properties, such as particle size, or by taking advantage of specific targeting ligands. Significant barriers stand between sufficient accumulation in other organs, including endothelial barriers, cellular membranes, and the endosome. The brain, which is shielded by the blood-brain barrier, is of particular interest to facilitate efficient oligonucleotide therapy of neurological diseases. Transcytosis of the blood-brain barrier through receptor-specific docking is investigated to increase accumulation in the central nervous system. In this review, the current clinical status of siRNA therapeutics is summarized, as well as innovative and promising preclinical concepts employing tissue- and tumor-targeted ligands. The requirements and the respective advantages and drawbacks of bioconjugates and ligand-decorated lipid or polymeric particles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Lorenzer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mehrdad Dirin
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Winkler
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Baumann
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: challenges, opportunities, and clinical applications. J Control Release 2014; 200:138-57. [PMID: 25545217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1166] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Currently available therapies are inadequate and spur demand for improved technologies. Rapid growth in nanotechnology towards the development of nanomedicine products holds great promise to improve therapeutic strategies against cancer. Nanomedicine products represent an opportunity to achieve sophisticated targeting strategies and multi-functionality. They can improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of conventional therapeutics and may thus optimize the efficacy of existing anti-cancer compounds. In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art nanoparticles and targeted systems that have been investigated in clinical studies. We emphasize the challenges faced in using nanomedicine products and translating them from a preclinical level to the clinical setting. Additionally, we cover aspects of nanocarrier engineering that may open up new opportunities for nanomedicine products in the clinic.
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36
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Buchy E, Valetti S, Mura S, Mougin J, Troufflard C, Couvreur P, Desmaële D. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Self-Assembling Squalene Conjugates of 3-[(Pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-one Anticancer Agents. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Khargharia S, Baumhover NJ, Crowley ST, Duskey J, Rice KG. The uptake mechanism of PEGylated DNA polyplexes by the liver influences gene expression. Gene Ther 2014; 21:1021-8. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Glycosylation-mediated targeting of carriers. J Control Release 2014; 190:542-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Valetti S, Maione F, Mura S, Stella B, Desmaële D, Noiray M, Vergnaud J, Vauthier C, Cattel L, Giraudo E, Couvreur P. Peptide-functionalized nanoparticles for selective targeting of pancreatic tumor. J Control Release 2014; 192:29-39. [PMID: 24984010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer is hampered by the tumor's physio-pathological complexity. Here we show a targeted nanomedicine using a new ligand, the CKAAKN peptide, which had been identified by phage display, as an efficient homing device within the pancreatic pathological microenvironment. Taking advantage of the squalenoylation platform, the CKAAKN peptide was conjugated to squalene (SQCKAAKN) and then co-nanoprecipitated with the squalenoyl prodrug of gemcitabine (SQdFdC) giving near monodisperse nanoparticles (NPs) for safe intravenous injection. By interacting with a novel target pathway, the Wnt-2, the CKAAKN functionalization enabled nanoparticles: (i) to specifically interact with both tumor cells and angiogenic vessels and (ii) to simultaneously promote pericyte coverage, thus leading to the normalization of the vasculature likely improving the tumor accessibility for therapy. All together, this approach represents a unique targeted nanoparticle design with remarkable selectivity towards pancreatic cancer and multiple mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Valetti
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 8612, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France; Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 9 Via Pietro Giuria, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Maione
- Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km. 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Simona Mura
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 8612, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Stella
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 9 Via Pietro Giuria, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Didier Desmaële
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 8612, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Magali Noiray
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 8612, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Juliette Vergnaud
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 8612, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Christine Vauthier
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 8612, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Luigi Cattel
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 9 Via Pietro Giuria, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 9 Via Pietro Giuria, 10125 Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km. 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 8612, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
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Bertrand N, Wu J, Xu X, Kamaly N, Farokhzad OC. Cancer nanotechnology: the impact of passive and active targeting in the era of modern cancer biology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 66:2-25. [PMID: 24270007 PMCID: PMC4219254 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1864] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanotherapeutics are progressing at a steady rate; research and development in the field has experienced an exponential growth since early 2000's. The path to the commercialization of oncology drugs is long and carries significant risk; however, there is considerable excitement that nanoparticle technologies may contribute to the success of cancer drug development. The pace at which pharmaceutical companies have formed partnerships to use proprietary nanoparticle technologies has considerably accelerated. It is now recognized that by enhancing the efficacy and/or tolerability of new drug candidates, nanotechnology can meaningfully contribute to create differentiated products and improve clinical outcome. This review describes the lessons learned since the commercialization of the first-generation nanomedicines including DOXIL® and Abraxane®. It explores our current understanding of targeted and non-targeted nanoparticles that are under various stages of development, including BIND-014 and MM-398. It highlights the opportunities and challenges faced by nanomedicines in contemporary oncology, where personalized medicine is increasingly the mainstay of cancer therapy. We revisit the fundamental concepts of enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) and explore the mechanisms proposed to enhance preferential "retention" in the tumor, whether using active targeting of nanoparticles, binding of drugs to their tumoral targets or the presence of tumor associated macrophages. The overall objective of this review is to enhance our understanding in the design and development of therapeutic nanoparticles for treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bertrand
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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41
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Dhand C, Prabhakaran MP, Beuerman RW, Lakshminarayanan R, Dwivedi N, Ramakrishna S. Role of size of drug delivery carriers for pulmonary and intravenous administration with emphasis on cancer therapeutics and lung-targeted drug delivery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of a drug delivery system and the fabrication of efficient, successful, and targeted drug carriers are two separate issues that require slightly different design parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Dhand
- Anti-Infectives Research Group
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Molamma P. Prabhakaran
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative
- Faculty of Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
| | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Anti-Infectives Research Group
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS SRP Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders
- Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - R. Lakshminarayanan
- Anti-Infectives Research Group
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS SRP Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders
- Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Neeraj Dwivedi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore117576, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative
- Faculty of Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
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42
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Lin Q, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zheng G. Lipid-based nanoparticles in the systemic delivery of siRNA. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:105-20. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi therapeutics are believed to be the future of personalized medicine and have shown promise in early clinical trials. However, many physiological barriers exist in the systemic delivery of siRNAs to the cytoplasm of targeted cells to perform their function. To overcome these barriers, many siRNA delivery systems have been developed. Among these, lipid-based nanoparticles have great potential owing to their biocompatibility and low toxicity in comparison with inorganic nanoparticles and viral systems. This review discusses the hurdles of systemic siRNA delivery and highlights the recent progress made in lipid-based nanoparticles, which are categorized based on their key lipid components, including cationic lipid, lipoprotein, lipidoid, neutral lipid and anionic lipid-based nanoparticles. It is expected that these lipid nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery systems will have an enabling role for personalized cancer medicine, where siRNA delivery will join forces with genetic profiling of individual patients to achieve the best treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoya Lin
- Ontario Cancer Institute & Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower 5-363, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Ontario Cancer Institute & Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Ontario Cancer Institute & Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Valetti S, Mura S, Stella B, Couvreur P. Rational design for multifunctional non-liposomal lipid-based nanocarriers for cancer management: theory to practice. J Nanobiotechnology 2013; 11 Suppl 1:S6. [PMID: 24564841 PMCID: PMC4029540 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-11-s1-s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines have gained more and more attention in cancer therapy thanks to their ability to enhance the tumour accumulation and the intracellular uptake of drugs while reducing their inactivation and toxicity. In parallel, nanocarriers have been successfully employed as diagnostic tools increasing imaging resolution holding great promises both in preclinical research and in clinical settings. Lipid-based nanocarriers are a class of biocompatible and biodegradable vehicles that provide advanced delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, improving pharmacokinetic profile and safety. One of most promising engineering challenges is the design of innovative and versatile multifunctional targeted nanotechnologies for cancer treatment and diagnosis. This review aims to highlight rational approaches to design multifunctional non liposomal lipid-based nanocarriers providing an update of literature in this field.
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Zhu L, Movassaghian S, Torchilin* VP. Overcoming Biological Barriers with Parenteral Nanomedicines: Physiological and Mechanistic Issues. NANOSTRUCTURED BIOMATERIALS FOR OVERCOMING BIOLOGICAL BARRIERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735292-00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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45
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Insight of key factors influencing tumor targeting characteristics of glycol chitosan-based nanoparticles and In vivo applications. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-012-0176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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46
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Feng L, Mumper RJ. A critical review of lipid-based nanoparticles for taxane delivery. Cancer Lett 2012; 334:157-75. [PMID: 22796606 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nano-based delivery systems have attracted a great deal of attention in the past two decades as a strategy to overcome the low therapeutic index of conventional anticancer drugs and delivery barriers in solid tumors. Myriads of preclinical studies have been focused on developing nano-based formulations to effectively deliver taxanes, one of the most important and most prescribed anticancer drug types in the clinic. Given the hydrophobic property of taxanes, lipid-based NPs, serve as a viable alternative delivery system. This critical review will provide an overview and perspective of the advancement of lipid-based nanoparticles for taxane delivery. Currently available formulations of taxanes and their drawbacks as well as criteria for idea taxane delivery system will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Feng
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Graf JF, Scholz BJ, Zavodszky MI. BioDMET: a physiologically based pharmacokinetic simulation tool for assessing proposed solutions to complex biological problems. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2012; 39:37-54. [PMID: 22161221 PMCID: PMC3258408 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-011-9229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We developed a detailed, whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling tool for calculating the distribution of pharmaceutical agents in the various tissues and organs of a human or animal as a function of time. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) represent the circulation of body fluids through organs and tissues at the macroscopic level, and the biological transport mechanisms and biotransformations within cells and their organelles at the molecular scale. Each major organ in the body is modeled as composed of one or more tissues. Tissues are made up of cells and fluid spaces. The model accounts for the circulation of arterial and venous blood as well as lymph. Since its development was fueled by the need to accurately predict the pharmacokinetic properties of imaging agents, BioDMET is more complex than most PBPK models. The anatomical details of the model are important for the imaging simulation endpoints. Model complexity has also been crucial for quickly adapting the tool to different problems without the need to generate a new model for every problem. When simpler models are preferred, the non-critical compartments can be dynamically collapsed to reduce unnecessary complexity. BioDMET has been used for imaging feasibility calculations in oncology, neurology, cardiology, and diabetes. For this purpose, the time concentration data generated by the model is inputted into a physics-based image simulator to establish imageability criteria. These are then used to define agent and physiology property ranges required for successful imaging. BioDMET has lately been adapted to aid the development of antimicrobial therapeutics. Given a range of built-in features and its inherent flexibility to customization, the model can be used to study a variety of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic problems such as the effects of inter-individual differences and disease-states on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, dosing optimization, and inter-species scaling. While developing a tool to aid imaging agent and drug development, we aimed at accelerating the acceptance and broad use of PBPK modeling by providing a free mechanistic PBPK software that is user friendly, easy to adapt to a wide range of problems even by non-programmers, provided with ready-to-use parameterized models and benchmarking data collected from the peer-reviewed literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Graf
- Computational Biology and Biostatistics Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA
| | - Bernhard J. Scholz
- Pervasive Decisioning Systems Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY USA
| | - Maria I. Zavodszky
- Computational Biology and Biostatistics Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA
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Buyens K, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Demeester J, Peeters L, van Grunsven LA, de Mollerat du Jeu X, Sawant R, Torchilin V, Farkasova K, Ogris M, Sanders NN. Liposome based systems for systemic siRNA delivery: stability in blood sets the requirements for optimal carrier design. J Control Release 2011; 158:362-70. [PMID: 22023849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
siRNA therapeutics are currently regarded as promising candidates to make a leap forward in the search for treatments of various hard to cure diseases. In order to exploit the full potential of siRNA based therapeutics, development of delivery systems that can efficiently guide the siRNA molecules to their target without major side effects will be the key to success. Lipid based delivery systems, originating from earlier research in the fields of gene delivery, are the most studied candidates for siRNA delivery. Here we discuss the requirements that need to be met by these siRNA delivery systems to ensure adequate stability after systemic application and subsequent deposition in the target tissue. The encountered hurdles in the blood stream and the solutions proposed in literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Buyens
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Khonkarn R, Mankhetkorn S, Hennink WE, Okonogi S. PEG-OCL micelles for quercetin solubilization and inhibition of cancer cell growth. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:268-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Danquah MK, Zhang XA, Mahato RI. Extravasation of polymeric nanomedicines across tumor vasculature. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:623-39. [PMID: 21144874 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microvasculature is fraught with numerous physiological barriers which hinder the efficacy of anticancer agents. These barriers include chaotic blood supply, poor tumor vasculature permeability, limited transport across the interstitium due to high interstitial pressure and absence of lymphatic network. Abnormal microvasculature also leads to hypoxia and acidosis which limits effectiveness of chemotherapy. These barriers restrict drug or drug carrier extravasation which hampers tumor regression. Targeting key features of the tumor microenvironment such as tumor microvessels, interstitial hypertension and tumor pH is a promising approach to improving the efficacy of anticancer drugs. This review highlights the current knowledge on the distinct tumor microenvironment generated barriers which limit extravasation of drugs and focuses on modalities for overcoming these barriers using multi-functional polymeric carriers. Special attention is given to utilizing polymeric nanomedicines to facilitate extravasation of anticancer drugs for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19. South Manassas St., Memphis, TN 38103-3308, USA
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