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Hernández-Serda MA, Alarcón-López AY, Vázquez-Valadez VH, Briseño-Lugo P, Martínez-Soriano PA, Leguízamo V, Torres N, González-Terán R, Cárdenas-Granados LA, Sánchez Muñoz F, Rodríguez E, Lerma C, Zúñiga Muñoz AM, Ángeles E, Carbó R. Hypoxic Cardioprotection by New Antihypertensive Compounds in High Salt-Diet Hypertensive Rats: Glucose Transport Participation and Its Possible Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8812. [PMID: 39201496 PMCID: PMC11354541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HP) is a health condition that overloads the heart and increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. In an infarction, the lack of oxygen causes an exclusive use of glycolysis, which becomes a crucial source of ATP for the heart with a higher glucose uptake mediated by glucose transporters (GLUTs). Due to the unpleasant effects of antihypertensives, new drugs need to be researched to treat this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of three novel antihypertensive compounds (LQMs, "Laboratorio de Química Medicinal") synthesized from Changrolin under hypoxic conditions with the participation of two primary cardiac GLUT1 and GLUT4 using a high-salt diet HP model. The model used a diet with 10% salt to increase arterial blood pressure in Wistar rats. In isolated cardiomyocytes from these rats, glucose uptake was measured during hypoxia, evaluating the participation of GLUTs with or without the animals' previous treatment with LQM312, 319, and 345 compounds. In silico calculations were performed to understand the affinity of the compounds for the trafficking of GLUTs. Results: Control cells do shift to glucose uptake exclusively in hypoxia (from 1.84 ± 0.09 µg/g/h to 2.67 ± 0.1 µg/g/h). Meanwhile, HP does not change its glucose uptake (from 2.38 ± 0.24 µg/g/h to 2.33 ± 0.26 µg/g/h), which is associated with cardiomyocyte damage. The new compounds lowered the systolic blood pressure (from 149 to 120 mmHg), but only LQM312 and LQM319 improved the metabolic state of hypoxic cardiomyocytes mediated by GLUT1 and GLUT4. In silico studies suggested that Captopril and LQM312 may mimic the interaction with the AMPK γ-subunit. Therefore, these compounds could activate AMPK, promoting the GLUT4 trafficking signaling pathway. These compounds are proposed to be cardioprotective during hypoxia under HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Hernández-Serda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas FES Cuautitlán, UNAM, Av. 1° de Mayo S/N, Santa María las Torres, Campo Uno, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico; (M.A.H.-S.); (A.Y.A.-L.)
| | - Aldo Y. Alarcón-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas FES Cuautitlán, UNAM, Av. 1° de Mayo S/N, Santa María las Torres, Campo Uno, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico; (M.A.H.-S.); (A.Y.A.-L.)
| | - Víctor H. Vázquez-Valadez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, FES Cuautitlán, UNAM, Av. 1° de Mayo S/N, Santa María las Torres, Campo Uno, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico; (V.H.V.-V.); (P.B.-L.); (V.L.); (N.T.); (R.G.-T.)
- QSAR Analytics SA de CV. Tempano 10, Colonia Atlanta, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Paola Briseño-Lugo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, FES Cuautitlán, UNAM, Av. 1° de Mayo S/N, Santa María las Torres, Campo Uno, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico; (V.H.V.-V.); (P.B.-L.); (V.L.); (N.T.); (R.G.-T.)
| | - Pablo A. Martínez-Soriano
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Teórica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, FESC, UNAM, Av. 1° de Mayo, Col. Sta. María las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico; (P.A.M.-S.); (L.A.C.-G.); (E.Á.)
| | - Viridiana Leguízamo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, FES Cuautitlán, UNAM, Av. 1° de Mayo S/N, Santa María las Torres, Campo Uno, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico; (V.H.V.-V.); (P.B.-L.); (V.L.); (N.T.); (R.G.-T.)
| | - Nalleli Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, FES Cuautitlán, UNAM, Av. 1° de Mayo S/N, Santa María las Torres, Campo Uno, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico; (V.H.V.-V.); (P.B.-L.); (V.L.); (N.T.); (R.G.-T.)
| | - Rodrigo González-Terán
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, FES Cuautitlán, UNAM, Av. 1° de Mayo S/N, Santa María las Torres, Campo Uno, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico; (V.H.V.-V.); (P.B.-L.); (V.L.); (N.T.); (R.G.-T.)
| | - Luis A. Cárdenas-Granados
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Teórica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, FESC, UNAM, Av. 1° de Mayo, Col. Sta. María las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico; (P.A.M.-S.); (L.A.C.-G.); (E.Á.)
| | - Fausto Sánchez Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano #1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Emma Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano #1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Lerma
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano #1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Alejandra María Zúñiga Muñoz
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano #1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Ángeles
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Teórica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, FESC, UNAM, Av. 1° de Mayo, Col. Sta. María las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Estado de México, Mexico; (P.A.M.-S.); (L.A.C.-G.); (E.Á.)
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano #1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
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2
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Ensminger DC, Wheeler ND, Al Makki R, Eads KN, Ashley NT. Contrasting effects of sleep fragmentation and angiotensin-II treatment upon pro-inflammatory responses of mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14763. [PMID: 36042284 PMCID: PMC9427781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered sleep promotes inflammation in brain and peripheral tissues, but the mechanisms that regulate these responses are poorly understood. One hypothesis is that activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) from sleep loss elevates blood pressure to promote vascular sheer stress leading to inflammation. As catecholamines produced from SNS activation can directly regulate inflammation, we pharmacologically altered blood pressure using an alternative approach-manipulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Male C57BL6/J mice were treated with angiotensin or captopril to elevate and reduce blood pressure, respectively and then exposed to 24-h of sleep fragmentation (SF) or allowed to sleep (control). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and as endothelial adhesion gene expression as well as serum glucocorticoids (corticosterone) were measured. RAS manipulation elevated cytokines and endothelial adhesion expression in heart and aorta while SF increased cytokine expression in peripheral tissues, but not brain. However, there were interactive effects of angiotensin-II and SF upon cytokine gene expression in hippocampus and hypothalamus, but not prefrontal cortex. SF, but not RAS manipulation, elevated serum corticosterone concentration. These findings highlight the contrasting effects of RAS manipulation and SF, implying that inflammation from SF is acting on different pathways that are largely independent of RAS manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Ensminger
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas D Wheeler
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Reem Al Makki
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Kristen N Eads
- School of Physician Assistant Studies, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Noah T Ashley
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
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3
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Bhullar S, Shah A, Dhalla N. Mechanisms for the development of heart failure and improvement of cardiac function by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, are well-known for the treatments of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension and acute coronary syndrome. Several of these inhibitors including captopril, enalapril, ramipril, zofenopril and imidapril attenuate vasoconstriction, cardiac hypertrophy and adverse cardiac remodeling, improve clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac dysfunction and decrease mortality. Extensive experimental and clinical research over the past 35 years has revealed that the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors in heart failure are associated with full or partial prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling. Since cardiac function is mainly determined by coordinated activities of different subcellular organelles, including sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and myofibrils, for regulating the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ and myocardial metabolism, there is ample evidence to suggest that adverse cardiac remodelling and cardiac dysfunction in the failing heart are the consequence of subcellular defects. In fact, the improvement of cardiac function by different ACE inhibitors has been demonstrated to be related to the attenuation of abnormalities in subcellular organelles for Ca2+-handling, metabolic alterations, signal transduction defects and gene expression changes in failing cardiomyocytes. Various ACE inhibitors have also been shown to delay the progression of heart failure by reducing the formation of angiotensin II, the development of oxidative stress, the level of inflammatory cytokines and the occurrence of subcellular defects. These observations support the view that ACE inhibitors improve cardiac function in the failing heart by multiple mechanisms including the reduction of oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation and Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes.
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Kumar V, Goyal A, Gupta JK. Role of ACE and ACE-2 in abrogated cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in ovariectomized rat heart. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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5
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Agrawal V, Gupta JK, Qureshi SS, Vishwakarma VK. Role of cardiac renin angiotensin system in ischemia reperfusion injury and preconditioning of heart. Indian Heart J 2016; 68:856-861. [PMID: 27931559 PMCID: PMC5143827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-vascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Ischemia is a state of oxygen deprivation in tissues, whereas reperfusion is restoration of blood flow in ischemic tissues. Myocardial damage of tissue during reperfusion after ischemic insult is known as myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. It induces damage to cardiac muscle via increasing expression of oxygen, sodium and calcium ions which are responsible in the activation of proteases and cell death. Heart renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Angiotensin (1–7) is responsible for vasodilation and angiotensin II for vasoconstriction. Here-in we reviewed how myocardial I/R injury sets in by up-regulation of angiotensin II that leads to increased infarct size, which can be reduced by the use of ACE inhibitors, ACE2 activators and angiotensin II antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
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6
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Aikawa K, Ishibashi K, Sakai T, Takahashi N, Ogawa S, Kawashima Y, Yamaguchi O. Effect of the Renin-Angiotensin System on the Obstructed Bladder. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2015; 4 Suppl 1:81-6. [PMID: 26676705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-5672.2011.00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction are well-known bladder responses to outlet obstruction (i.e. urodynamic overload). Cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are also caused by hemodynamic overload, and many basic and clinical studies suggest that the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a crucial role in load-induced cardiac pathogenesis. The similarity of the response of the heart and the bladder to overload suggests that angiotensin II (AngII) may have a similar regulatory role in pathological remodeling, such as muscle growth and collagen production of the obstructed bladder. Previous in vitro studies show that angiotensin I is converted to AngII by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) or chymase, which exists in the human bladder. In addition, many studies using contractile responses to AngII, autoradiography, radioreceptor assay and mRNA expression demonstrate the presence of AngII receptor in the bladder from various animals and the human. Recent evidence indicates that AngII is released from bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in response to a repetitive stretch stimulus, and subsequently activates AT1 in an autocrine fashion. This AT1 activation has been shown to mediate heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor gene expression and to increase the DNA synthesis rate of bladder SMCs. Consistent with this in vitro study, previous studies and our preliminary data suggest the usefulness of AT1 antagonists or ACE inhibitor in bladder outlet obstruction of the rabbit and rat. Taken together, the local RAS contributes to structural and functional alterations in the bladder after obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Aikawa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takio Sakai
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Norio Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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7
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Walsh KR, Kuwabara JT, Shim JW, Wainford RD. Norepinephrine-evoked salt-sensitive hypertension requires impaired renal sodium chloride cotransporter activity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 310:R115-24. [PMID: 26608659 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00514.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated a role of norepinephrine (NE) in the activation of the sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) to drive the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. However, the interaction between NE and increased salt intake on blood pressure remains to be fully elucidated. This study examined the impact of a continuous NE infusion on sodium homeostasis and blood pressure in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats challenged with a normal (NS; 0.6% NaCl) or high-salt (HS; 8% NaCl) diet for 14 days. Naïve and saline-infused Sprague-Dawley rats remained normotensive when placed on HS and exhibited dietary sodium-evoked suppression of peak natriuresis to hydrochlorothiazide. NE infusion resulted in the development of hypertension, which was exacerbated by HS, demonstrating the development of the salt sensitivity of blood pressure [MAP (mmHg) NE+NS: 151 ± 3 vs. NE+HS: 172 ± 4; P < 0.05]. In these salt-sensitive animals, increased NE prevented dietary sodium-evoked suppression of peak natriuresis to hydrochlorothiazide, suggesting impaired NCC activity contributes to the development of salt sensitivity [peak natriuresis to hydrochlorothiazide (μeq/min) Naïve+NS: 9.4 ± 0.2 vs. Naïve+HS: 7 ± 0.1; P < 0.05; NE+NS: 11.1 ± 1.1; NE+HS: 10.8 ± 0.4). NE infusion did not alter NCC expression in animals maintained on NS; however, dietary sodium-evoked suppression of NCC expression was prevented in animals challenged with NE. Chronic NCC antagonism abolished the salt-sensitive component of NE-mediated hypertension, while chronic ANG II type 1 receptor antagonism significantly attenuated NE-evoked hypertension without restoring NCC function. These data demonstrate that increased levels of NE prevent dietary sodium-evoked suppression of the NCC, via an ANG II-independent mechanism, to stimulate the development of salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Walsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill T Kuwabara
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joon W Shim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard D Wainford
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Castro-Moreno P, Pardo JP, Hernández-Muñoz R, López-Guerrero JJ, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Pastelín-Hernández G, Ibarra-Barajas M, Villalobos-Molina R. Captopril avoids hypertension, the increase in plasma angiotensin II but increases angiotensin 1-7 and angiotensin II-induced perfusion pressure in isolated kidney in SHR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:61-9. [DOI: 10.1111/aap.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. P. Pardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City; Mexico
| | - R. Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo; Instituto de Fisiología Celular; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City; Mexico
| | - J. J. López-Guerrero
- Unidad de Biomedicina; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla; Mexico
| | - L. Del Valle-Mondragón
- Departamento de Farmacología; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”; Mexico City; Mexico
| | - G. Pastelín-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”; Mexico City; Mexico
| | - M. Ibarra-Barajas
- Unidad de Biomedicina; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla; Mexico
| | - R. Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla; Mexico
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9
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Capelari DN, Sánchez SI, Ortega HH, Ciuffo GM, Fuentes LB. Effects of maternal captopril treatment during late pregnancy on neonatal lung development in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 177:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Safari F, Hajizadeh S, Shekarforoush S, Bayat G, Foadoddini M, Khoshbaten A. Influence of ramiprilat and losartan on ischemia reperfusion injury in rat hearts. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 13:29-35. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320311426025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothesis/introduction: Our aim was to investigate whether a non-hypotensive dose of ramiprilat and losartan has myocardial protective effects during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in vivo. Materials and methods: Three groups of rats were given 10 mg/kg per day of losartan for one (L-1W), four (L-4W) or 10 (L-10W) weeks. Another three groups were given 50 µg/kg per day of ramiprilat for one (R-1W), four (R-4W) or 10 (R-10W) weeks. The animals underwent 30 min of left anterior descending artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion for 120 min. Results: Myocardial infarct size (IS) was reduced in R-1W (28.4 ± 6.3%, p < 0.001), R-4W (27.8 ± 7.4, p < 0.001), L-4W (31.8 ± 6%, p < 0.05) and L-10W (25.3 ± 5.7, p < 0.001) groups compared with a saline group (48.3 ± 7.8%). A significant reduction in the number of ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) was noted in groups R-1W (209 ± 41, p < 0.01), R-4W (176 ± 39, p < 0.01), L-4W (215 ± 52, p < 0.05) and L-10W (191 ± 61, p < 0.01 vs. saline 329 ± 48). The incidence of irreversible ventricular fibrillation (VF) and mortality were decreased significantly only in L-10W group. There were no significant decreases in episodes of VT, the incidence of irreversible VF and mortality in all of the groups treated with ramiprilat. Conclusion: These data indicate that losartan and ramiprilat protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury independently of their hemodynamic effects but in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Deptartment of Physiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sohrab Hajizadeh
- Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Bayat
- Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Foadoddini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Khoshbaten
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Huang BS, Ahmad M, Tan J, Leenen FHH. Chronic central versus systemic blockade of AT(1) receptors and cardiac dysfunction in rats post-myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H968-75. [PMID: 19617416 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00317.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In rats, both central and systemic ANG II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor blockade attenuate sympathetic hyperactivity, but central blockade more effectively attenuates left ventricular (LV) dysfunction post-myocardial infarction (MI). In protocol I, we examined whether functional effects on cardiac load may play a role and different cardiac effects disappear after withdrawal of the blockade. Wistar rats were infused for 4 wk post-MI intracerebroventricularly (1 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) or injected subcutaneously daily (100 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) with losartan. LV dimensions and function were assessed at 4 wk and at 6 wk post-MI, i.e., 2 wk after discontinuing treatments. At 4 and 6 wk post-MI, LV dimensions were increased and ejection fraction was decreased. Intracerebroventricular but not subcutaneous losartan significantly improved these parameters. At 6 wk, LV peak systolic pressure (LVPSP) and maximal or minimal first derivative of change in pressure over time (dP/dt(max/min)) were decreased and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was increased. All four indexes were improved by previous intracerebroventricular losartan, whereas subcutaneous losartan improved LVEDP only. In protocol II, we evaluated effects of oral instead of subcutaneous administration of losartan for 4 wk post-MI. Losartan ( approximately 200 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) either via drinking water or by gavage similarly decreased AT(1) receptor binding densities in brain nuclei and improved LVEDP but further decreased LVPSP and dP/dt(max). These results indicate that effects on cardiac load by peripheral AT(1) receptor blockade or the pharmacokinetic profile of subcutaneous versus oral dosing do not contribute to the different cardiac effects of central versus systemic AT(1) receptor blockade post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing S Huang
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7
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12
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Villalobos-Molina R, Vázquez-Cuevas FG, López-Guerrero JJ, Figueroa-García MC, Gallardo-Ortiz IA, Ibarra M, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Gonzalez FJ, Elizondo G. Vascular alpha-1D-adrenoceptors are overexpressed in aorta of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor null mouse: role of increased angiotensin II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 28:61-7. [PMID: 18598287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2008.00418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
1 The hypothesis that alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors may mediate the pro-hypertensive actions of angiotensin II (Ang II) was tested in isolated aorta (alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor bearing tissue) of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor null mouse (AhR(-/-)), which shows increased levels of Ang II, cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension. 2 The effect of captopril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) on both blood pressure and aortic alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor expression and function in mice were determined. 3 Basal blood pressure was higher in AhR(-/-) mice, while captopril therapy decreased it to wild-type (WT) values. 4 Aortas of adult WT and AhR(-/-) mice were stimulated by phenylephrine or noradrenaline to induce contraction; the maximal effect was higher in AhR(-/-) mice, without a significant change in pEC(50). 5 PA(2) values for the selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist BMY 7378 (8-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazynil]ethyl]-8-azaspiro [4.5]decane-7,9-dione) were 9.19 and 8.94 for WT and AhR(-/-), respectively; while Schild slopes were not different from 1. 6 PCR experiments showed c. 77% increase in AhR(-/-)alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors cDNA compared with WT mice; while western blot analysis demonstrated c. 88% increase in alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor protein in AhR(-/-) mice. 7 Captopril therapy decreased alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor-induced contraction and protein in AhR(-/-) mice to WT levels. 8 These data support the hypothesis that under conditions where Ang II is elevated, vascular alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors are increased, and further suggest that both Ang II and vascular alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors could be related in the onset of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México
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Tabbi-Anneni I, Buchanan J, Cooksey RC, Abel ED. Captopril normalizes insulin signaling and insulin-regulated substrate metabolism in obese (ob/ob) mouse hearts. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4043-50. [PMID: 18450963 PMCID: PMC2488224 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system would restore insulin signaling and normalize substrate use in hearts from obese ob/ob mice. Mice were treated for 4 wk with Captopril (4 mg/kg x d). Circulating levels of free fatty acids, triglycerides, and insulin were measured and glucose tolerance tests performed. Rates of palmitate oxidation and glycolysis, oxygen consumption, and cardiac power were determined in isolated working hearts in the presence and absence of insulin, along with levels of phosphorylation of Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Captopril treatment did not correct the hyperinsulinemia or impaired glucose tolerance in ob/ob mice. Rates of fatty acid oxidation were increased and glycolysis decreased in ob/ob hearts, and insulin did not modulate substrate use in hearts of ob/ob mice and did not increase Akt phosphorylation. Captopril restored the ability of insulin to regulate fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis in hearts of ob/ob mice, possibly by increasing Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, AMPK phosphorylation, which was increased in hearts of ob/ob mice, was normalized by Captopril treatment, suggesting that in addition to restoring insulin sensitivity, Captopril treatment improved myocardial energetics. Thus, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors restore the responsiveness of ob/ob mouse hearts to insulin and normalizes AMPK activity independently of effects on systemic metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Tabbi-Anneni
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Huang BS, Ahmad M, Tan J, Leenen FHH. Sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac dysfunction post-MI: Different impact of specific CNS versus general AT1 receptor blockade. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 43:479-86. [PMID: 17714732 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In rats, blockade of the brain renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system prevents sympathetic hyperactivity and markedly attenuates LV dysfunction post-MI. We evaluated whether peripheral administration of an AT(1) receptor blocker has similar effects. In the first experiment, Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously (sc) daily with losartan at a regular or high dose (15 or 100 mg/kg/day) starting 2 days post-MI. At 4 weeks, sympathetic reactivity to air stress was enhanced, baroreflex function was impaired and cardiac function clearly decreased. Increased AT(1) receptor binding densities post-MI were decreased by losartan towards (regular dose) or well below (high dose) levels of sham rats. Losartan at the high dose prevented sympathetic hyperactivity and baroreflex impairment, and lowered LVEDP but further decreased LVPSP and dP/dt(max). In the second experiment, as of 2 days post-MI, losartan (1 mg/kg/day), spironolactone (10 microg/kg/day) or vehicle was infused intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v), or losartan (100 mg/kg/day) was injected sc for 4 weeks. LV dysfunction and increased fibrosis and cardiomyocyte diameter were clearly present at 4 weeks. Icv losartan or spironolactone improved or normalized LV diastolic and systolic function, LV dimensions, fibrosis and myocyte diameter. In contrast, although sc losartan similarly improved fibrosis and LVEDP, again it did not improve LV systolic function. These data indicate that specific central and general AT(1) receptor blockade can similarly improve sympathetic hyperactivity, cardiac fibrosis and LVEDP, but only central blockade improves LV systolic function, possibly due to differences in the extent of blockade of AT(1) receptors in cardiac myocytes and/or peripheral sympathetic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing S Huang
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, H360, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7
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Hwang GS, Oh KS, Koo HN, Seo HW, You KH, Lee BH. Effects of KR-31378, a novel ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator, on hypertrophy of H9c2 cells and on cardiac dysfunction in rats with congestive heart failure. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 540:131-8. [PMID: 16729997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of (2S, 3S, 4R)-N"-cyano-N-(6-amino-3, 4-dihydro-2-dimethoxymethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4yl)-N'-benzylguanidine (KR-31378), a novel mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator, on hypertrophy of H9c2 cells and on cardiac dysfunction in rats with congestive heart failure. In rat heart-derived H9c2 cells treated with hypertrophic agonists, such as angiotensin II, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, and urotensin II, cell size was significantly increased by 27-47%. The increases in cell size induced by the hypertrophic agonists were inhibited by treatment of KR-31378 in a concentration-dependent manner. This was confirmed by the results showing that KR-31378 inhibited the angiotensin II-induced increase in cell protein content. The effect of KR-31378 on the angiotensin II-induced increase in cell size was reversed by mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blockers, 5-hydroxydecanoate or glibenclamide. In rats with congestive heart failure, induced by permanent coronary artery occlusion for 8 weeks, KR-31378 significantly reversed the cardiac dysfunction (increase in ratios of stroke volume or cardiac output to body weight) induced by myocardial infarction without reducing infarct size. In addition, KR-31378 significantly inhibited atrial hypertrophy (decrease in ratio of right atrium to body weight) and decreased the serum pro-atrial natriuretic peptide level, a biochemical marker of heart failure. These results suggest that KR-31378 suppresses hypertrophy induced by hypertrophic agonists in H9c2 cells and improves cardiac dysfunction in rats with congestive heart failure induced by myocardial infarction, and that the effects may be mediated by the activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum Shil Hwang
- Medicinal Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, #100, Jangdong, Yuseong, Daejon, 305-343, South Korea
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