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Liu C, Rotaru K, Wang Z, Li K, Cui LB, Li J, Wei X, Liu X, Albertella L, Ren L. Examining network structure of impulsivity and depression in adolescents and young adults: A two-sample study. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:54-61. [PMID: 38914162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression ranks as one of the top five contributors to ill health in youth, the most formative period in life. Extensive research has highlighted the significant role of impulsivity in understanding depression. However, there has been limited exploration into how each dimension of impulsivity uniquely affect depressive symptoms, especially across crucial developmental stages like adolescence and young adulthood. METHODS This study investigates the unique relationships between impulsivity (assessed by the short UPPS-P scale) and depression (assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9) via network analysis. We analysed data from a total of 2296 participants, comprising 858 adolescents aged 14-17 years and 1438 young adults aged 18-25 years, to estimate both a combined network and age-group specific networks. Key features of the networks, including their structure, global connectivity, and bridge nodes, were compared. RESULTS The results indicated that age differentially impacts individual depression symptoms, both directly and indirectly, via impulsivity dimensions. The comparison test revealed consistent network structures between the two age groups, with several robust pathways, such as lack of perseverance to concentration difficulties, sensation seeking to suicidal ideation, and negative urgency to feelings of worthlessness. Negative urgency and lack of perseverance were identified as bridge nodes across the two networks. LIMITATIONS The study employed a cross-sectional design, which limits the ability to estimate causal or temporal relationships. CONCLUSIONS The current findings highlight the significance of tailoring intervention strategies to individual symptom profiles and assessing negative urgency and lack of perseverance as potential early targets for depression among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Monash Business School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China; Military Mental Health Services & Research Centre, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Deperrois R, Ouhmad N, Combalbert N. Impulsivity, emotional disorders and cognitive distortions in the general population: highlighting general interaction profiles. Cogn Process 2024; 25:467-475. [PMID: 38719978 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive distortions, defined as erroneous information-processing, are involved in the emergence and maintenance of various mental and emotional disorders, including anxiety and depression. On the other hand, several studies highlight the existence of links between these states and the dimensions of impulsivity. We therefore studied the links between cognitive distortions, anxiety and depressive symptomatology, and impulsivity. Two hundred and forty adults (aged 18-60 years, 101 men, 139 women) completed the French version of the Impulsive Behavior Scale, the Cognitive Distortions Scale for Adults and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The results obtained highlight the existence of a cognitive distortion specific profile regarding the urgency dimension. Negative maximization, disqualification of the positive, negative-focused dichotomous reasoning, positive arbitrary focus, and neutral omission in favour of the negative are thus the distortions most associated with the level of urgency of subjects. The results also show, a moderating effect of the level of urgency on the interaction between anxiety and negative focused dichotomous reasoning. As well as on the interaction between depression and positive minimization, and between depression and positive maximization. The discussion of the results focuses on the interpretation of the data regarding the anxiety-depressive states in general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Deperrois
- EA 2114, PAVeA, Université de Tours, 3 Rue Des Tanneurs, BP 4103, 37041, Tours Cedex 01, France.
| | - N Ouhmad
- EA 2114, PAVeA, Université de Tours, 3 Rue Des Tanneurs, BP 4103, 37041, Tours Cedex 01, France
| | - N Combalbert
- EA 2114, PAVeA, Université de Tours, 3 Rue Des Tanneurs, BP 4103, 37041, Tours Cedex 01, France
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3
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Lane HL, Kremyar AJ, Ben-Porath YS, Sellbom M. Examining the Criterion and Incremental Validity of the MMPI-3 Impulsivity Scale. Assessment 2024:10731911241260209. [PMID: 39054869 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241260209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) includes a new Impulsivity (IMP) scale designed to assess for poor impulse-control and non-planful behavior, which was added to broaden the utility of the instrument. The current study aimed to examine the criterion and incremental validity of the IMP scale. A university student sample (n = 1,440) and a community sample oversampled for externalizing tendencies (n = 231) were used for this purpose, and IMP scores were compared to scores on various well-validated criterion measures of impulsivity and externalizing psychopathology. To examine the scale's incremental validity, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether IMP adds to other MMPI-3 Specific Problem (SP) scales in the prediction of relevant criteria. The IMP scale primarily showed meaningful correlations with the Negative Urgency and Positive Urgency on the UPPS-P. Significant correlations were also observed with the cognitive, behavioral, disinhibition, and lifestyle domains of various psychopathy measures, as well as measures of antisocial personality disorder and substance use. The IMP scale scores accounted for incremental variance in most of the directly relevant criterion measures above and beyond scores of other MMPI-3 SP scales. Several important caveats, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Fisher-Fox L, Prestigiacomo CJ, Cyders MA. Urgency Theory in the context of broader emotion theories: a conceptual review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1403639. [PMID: 39035607 PMCID: PMC11257906 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1403639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Negative and positive urgency are two closely related personality traits that reflect the tendency for an individual to engage in maladaptive risk-taking in response to extreme negative and positive emotions, respectively. However, other prominent emotion theories describe how emotions contribute to adaptive, rather than maladaptive, decision-making. This conceptual review considers how Urgency Theory can be integrated with these broader existing emotion theories. We proceed as follows: a) briefly define what is meant by emotions in science and summarize basic human neuroscience underlying emotions; b) briefly describe select theories and research linking emotions to adaptive decision-making, including brain correlates of this effect; c) review Urgency Theory, including contrasting evidence that emotions lead to maladaptive outcomes and brain correlates of this effect; d) discuss how urgency can be integrated into theories that view emotions as both adaptive and maladaptive for decision-making; and e) propose future directions to advance research in this field. We identified four, not mutually exclusive, viable options to integrate Urgency Theory into existing theories: urgency as model-free emotion regulation, urgency as being driven by incidental emotions, urgency as a reflexive response to emotions, or urgency as an individual difference factor. We conclude that although all four options are viable, individual difference and model-free emotion regulation have the most empirical support to date. Importantly, the other two options are less well-researched. Direct tests comparing these integrations is necessary to determine the most accurate way to integrate urgency with existing emotion theories. We believe that this research can identify mechanisms underlying urgency and help inform future intervention and prevention development to reduce negative effects of urgency across numerous maladaptive behaviors and clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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5
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Oesterle DW, Eckhardt CI, Parrott DJ. Impulsivity and Reactive-Proactive Aggression as Mechanisms of Alcohol-Related Sexual Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration among Romantic Partners. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1761-1770. [PMID: 37614061 PMCID: PMC10538412 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2247074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sexual intimate partner violence (S-IPV) commonly occurs within the contexts of committed romantic relationshops. Prior research has demonstrated the existence of a robust link between alcohol use and S-IPV. Despite this, few research studies have explored the etiological underpinnings of alcohol-related S-IPV perpetration, specifically. The present study examines the role of several key factors (i.e., problematic drinking, negative and positive urgency, proactive and reactive aggression) on S-IPV perpetration. Methods: Participants were 337 heavy drinking men and women in intimate relatinships who reported perpetrating some form of IPV toward their current partner within the past-year. A moderated-mediation model was used to determine how the key study variables interacted to predict S-IPV perpetration. Results: Results indicated that problematic drinking was positively correlated with both negative urgency and positive uregency. Findings also revealed that negative urgency, positive urgency, proactive aggression, and reactive aggression were all positively related to S-IPV perpetration. The indirect relationship between problematic drinking and S-IPV perpetration was mediated by positive urgency. Additionally, a significant main effect of proactive aggression on S-IPV perpetration was also detected. Conclusions: These findings suggest that impulsivity, specifically positive urgency, and proactive aggression may be under-appreciated constructs within the existing sexual aggression literature, and future research examining these variables as mechanisms explaining the association between the alcohol and S-IPV is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Oesterle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Smith MS, South SC. Risky Sexual Behaviors as a Transaction of Individual Differences and Situational Context. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2539-2560. [PMID: 37103633 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) incur large societal and personal costs. Despite widespread prevention efforts, RSBs and associated consequences (e.g., sexually transmitted infections) continue to rise. A proliferation of research has emerged on situational (e.g., alcohol use) and individual difference (e.g., impulsivity) factors to explain this rise, but these approaches assume an unrealistically static mechanism underlying RSB. Because this prior research has resulted in few compelling effects, we sought to innovate by examining the interaction of situation and individual differences in explaining RSBs. A large sample (N = 105) completed baseline reports of psychopathology and 30 daily diary reports of RSBs and associated contexts. These data were submitted to multilevel models including cross-level interactions to test a person-by-situation conceptualization of RSBs. Results suggested that RSBs are most strongly predicted from interactions of person- and situation-level factors in both protective and facilitative directions. These interactions outnumbered main effects and commonly included partner commitment as a central mechanism. These results point to theoretical and clinical gaps in preventing RSB and urge a departure from prior ways of conceptualizing sexual risk as a static outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Shea Smith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Gröndal M, Ask K, Winblad S. The distinction between irritability and anger and their associations with impulsivity and subjective wellbeing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10398. [PMID: 37369760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritability, anger, and impulsivity have important associations with psychological well-being. However, studying the internal relationships between such emotional constructs is challenging, largely because of the lack of precise operational definitions and extensively validated measurement tools. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between the above emotional constructs and how they relate to satisfaction with life and perceived negative impact on different life domains. Participants (N = 471) completed a self-report questionnaire online. Correlational analyses showed that higher levels of irritability and trait anger were associated with lower life satisfaction. Impulsivity displayed complex relationships with life satisfaction, with some aspects (sensation seeking) showing a positive relationship and others (urgency, lack of perseverance) showing a negative relationship. A two-factor Confirmatory Factor Analysis treating irritability and anger as separate constructs showed a better fit compared with a one-factor model, indicating that irritability and anger should be treated as separate constructs. An exploratory moderation analysis showed that higher irritability predicted increased anger only for participants scoring average to high on urgency (a facet of impulsivity). Our findings increase the understanding of the relationship between these dispositional constructs and supports the conceptualization of irritability and anger as related but distinct constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gröndal
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karl Ask
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Winblad
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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O'Connell M. Assessing Patterns of Anti-Social and Risky Behaviour in the Millennium Cohort Study-What Are the Roles of SES (Socio-Economic Status), Cognitive Ability and Personality? Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13010046. [PMID: 36661618 PMCID: PMC9854860 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from the Millennium Cohort Study (UK) were examined to assess the correlates of anti-social and risky behaviour among adolescents. Over 10,000 seventeen-year-olds were asked about their participation in anti-social or risky behaviours. For SES (socio-economic status), the survey's details around household income, and the educational attainment and occupational status of respondents' parents were used. A latent measure was extracted from assessments of cognitive ability. Personality measures-the 'Big Five'-were included, as was a composite measure of hyperactivity. SES and cognitive ability were very weakly associated with anti-social and risky behaviour, while personality measures, and hyperactivity were more strongly linked. Hyperactivity, Agreeableness and Extraversion were the most important measures linked to a measure of anti-social and risky activities (ASRA) and its subscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O'Connell
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Wang T, Chen WF, Wang X, Fan X. Smartphone use increases the likelihood of making short-sighted financial decisions. JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/18344909221147782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Contextualizing in the digitalization of personal finance (e.g., mobile banking), the present research explores how financial decisions made on smartphones (vs. laptops or tablets) are more likely to be shortsighted, manifesting in being unwilling to save for retirement, referring to recent information while making financial decisions, and opting for instant but smaller rewards. We trace the effect to smartphones’ affordance of ubiquity, an attribute that allows users to satisfy various needs with considerable flexibility of time and space and prompts users to seek instant gratifications. We also rule out potential alternative factors that might account for this effect, including haptic gratification, direct-touch effect, task difficulty, thinking style, concentration, and the hedonic usage of the devices by users. Furthermore, we demonstrate that prompting users to deliberate on their decisions successfully attenuates the effect. Implications for the development of interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Wang
- School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Fen Chen
- School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | - Xue Wang
- Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiucheng Fan
- School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Groskurth K, Nießen D, Rammstedt B, Lechner CM. The impulsive behavior short scale-8 (I-8): A comprehensive validation of the English-language adaptation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273801. [PMID: 36067178 PMCID: PMC9447926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Impulsive Behavior Short Scale-8 (I-8) measures the psychological construct of impulsivity with four subscales comprising two items each (completion time < 1 min). The aim of the present study was threefold: (1) to assess the psychometric properties (objectivity, reliability, and validity) of the English-language I-8; (2) to compare these psychometric properties with those of the original German-language source version of the scale; and (3) to test the cross-national comparability of the scale via measurement invariance tests. For this purpose, we used heterogeneous quota samples from the UK and Germany. Our results indicate that I-8 is a reliable and valid short scale with highly comparable psychometric properties across both language versions. In addition, I-8 showed a highly similar correlational pattern with various extraneous variables across the two nations. Furthermore, partial scalar invariance and full invariance of residual variances held, allowing the comparison of latent means and observed (co)variances across nations. I-8 lends itself as a measure of impulsive behavior especially in surveys in which assessment time is limited, such as in large-scale cross-national surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Désirée Nießen
- GESIS–Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
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11
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Johnson SL, Robison M, Anvar S, Swerdlow BA, Timpano KR. Emotion-related impulsivity and rumination: Unique and conjoint effects on suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury across two samples. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:642-654. [PMID: 35257404 PMCID: PMC9378431 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rumination and emotion-related impulsivity predict suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Because rumination and emotion-related impulsivity, though, are highly correlated, we consider their unique vs. conjoint influence on suicidal ideation and self-harm. METHOD Across two samples of adults (N's = 171 and 191), we examined how rumination and emotion-related impulsivity relate to suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and NSSI. We assess the more general process of repetitive negative thinking and the more specific process of suicide-related rumination. Participants completed the Three-Factor Impulsivity Index and the self-report Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Those in sample 1 completed the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire and the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, and those in Sample 2 completed the Suicide Rumination Scale. RESULTS Emotion-related impulsivity and both forms of rumination showed robust bivariate correlations with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and NSSI. Neither rumination or impulsivity related to suicide attempts controlling for ideation or to NSSI. In multivariable analyses, emotion-related impulsivity but not general rumination was tied to suicidal ideation. In contrast, suicide-related rumination was more directly tied to suicidal ideation than was impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide support for a more nuanced approach to the forms of impulsivity and rumination related to suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Morgan Robison
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sarah Anvar
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Swerdlow
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kiara R. Timpano
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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12
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Flores J, Brake CA, Hood CO, Badour CL. Posttraumatic stress and risky sex in trauma-exposed college students: the role of personality dispositions toward impulsive behavior. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1711-1723. [PMID: 33048640 PMCID: PMC8086839 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1819289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to risky sexual behavior (RSB). However, little is known regarding the role of impulsivity in this relation among college students. Participants: The present study examined the moderating role of impulsivity dispositions on the relation between PTSD symptoms and past-year RSB in a sample of 221 trauma-exposed undergraduate students (77.4% female). Results: Two separate negative binomial regression models examined each impulsivity disposition's unique moderating effect on the association between PTSD symptoms and high risk/casual sex. In the high risk model, significant interactions were found for the urgency dispositions, (lack of) premeditation and (lack of) perseverance, though the pattern of these relations differed across these dispositions. Only positive main effects for negative urgency and (lack of) premeditation emerged in the casual sex model. Conclusions: The present study expands on the limited literature on the role of impulsivity in the relation between PTSD and RSB in trauma-exposed college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Flores
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Corresponding Authors: Jessica Flores, M.S. . Christal L. Badour, Ph.D.
| | - C. Alex Brake
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Caitlyn O. Hood
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christal L. Badour
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Corresponding Authors: Jessica Flores, M.S. . Christal L. Badour, Ph.D.
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13
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Chen Y, Ide JS, Li CS, Chaudhary S, Le TM, Wang W, Zhornitsky S, Zhang S, Li CR. Gray matter volumetric correlates of dimensional impulsivity traits in children: Sex differences and heritability. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2634-2652. [PMID: 35212098 PMCID: PMC9057091 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research investigated the cerebral volumetric correlates of impulsivity largely in moderate-sized samples and few have examined the distinct correlates of dimensions of impulsivity, sex differences, or heritability of the correlates. Here, we performed voxel-based morphometry analysis of data (n = 11,474; 5,452 girls, 9-10 years) curated from the Adolescent Brain Cognition Development project. In a linear regression with all five UPPS-P subscores as regressors and age in months, total intracranial volume, study site, and scanner model as covariates, higher levels of lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking were correlated with larger cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes (GMVs). In contrast, higher positive urgency was correlated with smaller GMVs in many of the same regions. The dimensional impulsivity traits also involved distinct volumetric correlates, with, for instance, sensation seeking and positive urgency specifically implicating bilateral caudate head/mid-cingulate cortex and bilateral lateral orbitofrontal cortex/left precentral gyrus, respectively. Boys relative to girls scored higher in all impulsivity dimensions. Girls relative to boys showed significantly stronger positive and negative correlations between sensation seeking and insula, putamen, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) GMVs and between positive urgency and cingulate cortex, insula, and IFG GMVs, respectively. With a subsample of twins, the dimensional impulsivity traits were weakly to moderately heritable in both girls and boys, and the GMV correlates were highly heritable in girls and boys combined. These findings collectively suggest shared and nonshared as well as sex differences in the cerebral volumetric bases of dimensional impulsivity traits and may facilitate research of externalizing psychopathology in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jaime S. Ide
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Clara S. Li
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of Statistical and Data SciencesSmith CollegeNorthamptonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Thang M. Le
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Chiang‐Shan R. Li
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Inter‐department Neuroscience ProgramYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Wu Tsai InstituteYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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14
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Gómez-Leal R, Megías-Robles A, Gutiérrez-Cobo MJ, Cabello R, Fernández-Berrocal P. Personal Risk and Protective Factors Involved in Aggressive Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP1489-NP1515. [PMID: 32529937 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520926322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of aggression plays a prominent role in psychology and public health, because of the important adverse consequences of such behavior for victims, aggressors, and society in general. The General Aggression Model (GAM) provides a general conceptual framework for understanding the aggressive as a result of three stages: (a) inputs: personal and situational factors; (b) present internal states: affect, cognition, and arousal; and (c) outcomes: decision processes with a (non)aggressive result. The main objective of this research was to study the personal protective and risk factors most strongly associated with aggressive behavior acting at the first stage of the GAM model. A total of 282 young adult participants took part in this study. Participants were assessed for aggression levels and a set of the most relevant variables that have been associated with aggressive behavior in the previous literature. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that levels of aggression were mainly associated (73.2% of the explained variance) with the following protective factors: the ability to manage emotions as a component of emotional intelligence (EI), and perspective-taking and personal distress as components of empathy, and with the following risk factors: negative and positive urgency as a component of impulsivity, fantasy as a component of empathy, negative affect, and expressive suppression of emotions. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior and provide greater empirical value to the current theoretical models. In addition, this research can help to inform the design of more successful programs for the prevention, control, and treatment of aggressive behavior. Limitations and future lines of research are discussed.
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Keidel K, Ettinger U, Murawski C, Polner B. The network structure of impulsive personality and temporal discounting. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Minhas M, Cooper A, Sousa S, Costello MJ, MacKillop J. Characterizing Clinical Heterogeneity in a Large Inpatient Addiction Treatment Sample: Confirmatory Latent Profile Analysis and Differential Levels of Craving and Impulsivity. SUBSTANCE ABUSE: RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2022; 16:11782218221126977. [DOI: 10.1177/11782218221126977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) have highly heterogeneous presentations and identifying more homogeneous subgroups may foster more personalized treatment. This study used SUD and other psychiatric indicators to characterize latent subgroups of patients in a large inpatient addiction treatment program. The resulting subgroups were then analyzed with respect to differences on clinically informative motivational mechanisms. Methods: Patients (n = 803) were assessed for severity of SUD (ie, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder), post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and major depressive disorder. Confirmatory latent profile analysis (CLPA) was used to identify latent subgroups, hypothesizing 4 subgroups. Subgroups were then characterized with respect to multiple indicators of impulsivity (ie, delay discounting and impulsive personality traits via the UPPS-P) and craving. Results: The CLPA confirmed the hypothesized 4-profile solution according to all indicators (eg, entropy = 0.90, all posterior probabilities ⩾.92). Profile 1 (n = 229 [32.2%], 24.9% female, median age in range of 45-49) reflected individuals with high alcohol severity and low psychiatric severity (HAlc/LPsy). Profile 2 (n = 193 [27.1%], 29.3% female, median age in range of 35-39) reflected individuals with high drug and psychiatric severity (HDrug/HPsy). Profile 3 (n = 160 [22.5%], 37.6% female, median age in range of 45-49) reflected individuals with high alcohol severity and psychiatric severity (HAlc/HPsy). Profile 4 (n = 130 [18.3%], 19.4% female, median age in range of 35-39) reflected individuals with high drug severity and low psychiatric severity (HDrug/LPsy). Both high comorbid psychiatric severity subgroups exhibited significantly higher craving and facets of impulsivity. Conclusions: The results provide further evidence of 4 latent subgroups among inpatients receiving addiction treatment, varying by alcohol versus other drugs and low versus high psychiatric comorbidity. Furthermore, they reveal the highest craving and impulsivity in the high psychiatric comorbidity groups, suggesting targets for more intensive clinical intervention in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Minhas
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Sousa
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Purpose in life, urgency, and the propensity to engage in risky and self-destructive behaviors. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sullivan D, Barkley-Levenson EE. Risky sexual behavior in young adults: The contribution of impulsivity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sharpe BM, Simms LJ, Wright AGC. Impulsivity, Affect, and Stress in Daily Life: Examining a Cascade Model of Urgency. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:494-512. [PMID: 32039650 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using multilevel structural equation modeling, the authors examined within- and between-person predictors of daily impulsivity, with a particular focus on testing a cascade model of affect and daily stress in a 100-day daily diary study of 101 psychiatric patients with personality disorder diagnoses. On average (i.e., fixed effect), within-person increases in daily stress were associated with increased daily impulsivity, both independently and as accounted for by positive associations with increased negative and positive affect. Higher Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) Impulsivity scores were associated with amplified within-person links between impulsivity and daily stress and negative affect, but not the links between daily stress and either positive or negative affect. The results of this cascade model are consistent with the hypothesized links between daily affect and stress and daily impulsivity while providing further evidence for the validity of the PID-5 Impulsivity scale and its ability to predict daily impulsivity above and beyond fluctuations in affect and stress.
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Hildebrandt MK, Dieterich R, Endrass T. Disentangling substance use and related problems: urgency predicts substance-related problems beyond the degree of use. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:242. [PMID: 33962614 PMCID: PMC8103599 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders are reliably associated with high impulsivity and sensation seeking. Importantly, both precede problematic substance use, implicating them as risk factors. Individuals with substance use disorders show variable degrees of substance use (combined quantity and frequency) and substance-related problems and differ in both aspects from healthy controls. Dimensional research has indicated differential associations of impulsivity-related traits as well as sensation seeking with the degree of substance use and substance-related problems. The current study aimed to clarify whether impulsivity-related traits and sensation seeking predict substance-related problems above and beyond the degree of substance use and are thus specifically linked to problems, the dimension that characterizes substance use disorders. METHOD We assessed impulsivity-related traits and sensation seeking using self-report, as well as delay discounting, a behavioral indicator of impulsivity, in a sample of 258 substance-using adults. RESULTS Sensation seeking and impulsivity-related traits significantly predicted the degree of substance use, with sensation seeking explaining the largest portion of variance. In contrast, self-reported impulsivity, in particular when experiencing negative emotions (urgency), but not sensation seeking or delay discounting, predicted substance-related problems when controlling for the degree of substance use. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that urgency, but not sensation seeking, may be specifically linked to substance-related problems and thus especially relevant for substance use disorders. Taken together, this study underlines the necessity to assess and control for the degree of substance use in risk factor research concerning substance-related problems. Thus, it may inform future research improving targeted prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin K. Hildebrandt
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Raoul Dieterich
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tanja Endrass
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Khan R, Murtaza G, Neveu JP, Newman A. Reciprocal relationship between workplace incivility and deviant silence—The moderating role of moral attentiveness. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Khan
- School of Management Sciences Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Management Kedge Business School Marseille France
| | - Jean Pierre Neveu
- Institut d'Administration des Entreprises Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour Bayonne France
| | - Alexander Newman
- Department of Management Deakin University Burwood VIC Australia
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Martin S, Graziani P, Del-Monte J. Comparing impulsivity in borderline personality, schizophrenia and obsessional-compulsive disorders: Who is ahead? J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1732-1744. [PMID: 33822353 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impulsivity impacts life domains and in a psychiatric context is often associated with disorders severity and stigmatization. Borderline personality disorder's (BPD), Schizophrenic disorder's (SZD), and obsessional compulsive disorder's (OCD) impulsivity issues relate to worse prognosis. This study aims to compare these disorders assessing their proneness to impulsivity and urgency. METHODS We recruited 90 patients among them OCD (n = 25), SZD (n = 23), and BPD (n = 50), and 24 healthy control participants (HC). We assessed the diagnosis according and measured the impulsivity level. RESULTS Our results showed that BPD was significantly more impulsive than HC, SZD, and OCD. HC, SZD, and OCD being equivalent on their global Urgency-Premeditation-Perseverance-Sensation seeking scores. For urgency, BPD was also superior to others, OCD was superior to HC, but SZD and HC were equivalent. The urgency was correlated to SZD's scale for SZD, no link appeared between borderline personality questionnaire and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale's score. CONCLUSION These results question the existent literature relating impulsivity and SZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Martin
- Psychosocial Laboratory, Aix-Marseille and Nîmes Universities, Nîmes, France.,Nîmes University, Nîmes, France
| | - Pierluigi Graziani
- Psychosocial Laboratory, Aix-Marseille and Nîmes Universities, Nîmes, France
| | - Jonathan Del-Monte
- Psychosocial Laboratory, Aix-Marseille and Nîmes Universities, Nîmes, France
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A Preliminary Exploration of Behaviours Associated with Negative Urgency in Individuals High and Low in Chronic Worry. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2021.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhile chronic worry is typically associated with cautious and harm-avoidant behaviours, there is evidence that people high in chronic worry are characterised by negative urgency (NU), that is, the propensity to act rashly when experiencing negative affect. The present study was a preliminary examination of how rash action and impulsive decision-making manifest for chronic worriers compared to individuals low in worry. In total, 93 participants who endorsed high and low worry and NU responded to open-ended questions about their experience of NU on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Themes were identified using a data-driven approach. Participants high in chronic worry endorsed significantly greater NU compared to those low in worry. However, the types of NU behaviours were similar across participants, with a majority of responses involving initiating interpersonal conflict. Other themes included spending money, excessive eating, alcohol use, and aggressive behaviours. The manifestations of NU were largely consistent with those described in the model of NU. Although individuals higher in chronic worry engaged in NU behaviours to a greater extent, the types of behaviours were similar to those reported by people lower in worry. More research is needed to understand the characteristics of NU-motivated behaviour in individuals high in chronic worry.
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Glowacz F, Courtain A. Perpetration of Dating Violence Among Belgian Youth: Impulsivity, Verbal Skills, and Empathy as Risk and Protective Factors? VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2021; 36:110-131. [PMID: 33443227 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-19-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dating violence (DV) is a serious social problem among adolescents and emerging adults, both boys and girls are victims and perpetrators. The current study aimed to investigate correlates of DV perpetration among Belgian youths. We examined facets of empathy and verbal skills as protective factors, and facets of impulsivity as risk factors for psychological and physical DV perpetration. Eight hundred and thirteen adolescents and emerging adults (71.7% females, mean age = 18.9) completed self-administered questionnaires investigating their physical and psychological DV perpetration, empathy, verbal skills, and impulsivity. Findings show that male and female respondents have different patterns of correlations between the studied variables. Facets of empathy and verbal skills hinder DV perpetration, whereas facets of impulsivity foster it. The impact of the different facets can vary across regression models, gender of the perpetrator, and forms of DV. The present study contributes to a better understanding of DV by examining facets of empathy, verbal skills, and impulsivity. Prevention programs are encouraged to target specific facets of these variables among adolescents and emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Glowacz
- Department of Psychology, ARCH Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Audrey Courtain
- Department of Psychology, ARCH Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Whiteside SP, Lynam DR, Miller JD, Reynolds SK. Validation of the UPPS impulsive behaviour scale: a four‐factor model of impulsivity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The current study attempts to clarify the multi‐faceted nature of impulsivity through the use of the four‐factor UPPS Impulsive Behaviour scale. In order to build the nomological network surrounding this scale, the UPPS was administered to individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD), pathological gamblers (PG), alcohol abusers (divided into two groups based on the presence of antisocial features), and a control group. Several of the UPPS scales (e.g. Urgency, lack of Premeditation, and Sensation Seeking) differentiated the BPD, PG, and alcohol abusers with antisocial features from a group of non‐antisocial alcohol abusers and a control group. Overall, the UPPS scales accounted for between 7% (pathological gambling) and 64% (borderline personality disorder features) of the overall variance in the psychopathology measures. Individual UPPS scales also made unique contributions to several of these disorders, which may provide insight into which of these personality traits may predispose individuals to behave in maladaptive or problematic ways. The results provide support for the differentiation of impulsivity‐related constructs into the current four‐factor model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Armiya'u AY, Ogunwale A, Bamidele LI, Adole O, Umar MU. Comparison of impulsivity, aggression and suicidality between prisoners in Nigeria who have committed homicide and those who have not. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2020; 30:240-255. [PMID: 32715530 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of prisoners, the nature of their offending and any related characteristics have been conducted in rich Western countries. In Nigeria, prison conditions differ in many important respects, key among them that prisoners share large communal spaces much of the time-up to 50 men sleeping in the same space as well as spending the day together. Our aim was to compare levels of impulsivity, aggression and suicide-related behaviours between prisoners in one prison in Nigeria who had committed a homicide and those who had not, allowing for socio-demographic factors. A case-control study design was employed with 102 homicide and an equal number of non-homicide offenders. Each participant was interviewed using the Abbreviated Barratt Impulsiveness Scale for impulsivity, the Modified Overt Aggression Scale for aggression, the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Module C) for suicide-related behaviours, and a questionnaire for ascertaining socio-demographic characteristics. On bivariate analysis, motor impulsivity was higher among homicide offenders (p = .014) while non-planning was higher among non-homicide offenders (p = .006), but this relationship was affected by demographic variables. Physical aggression levels did not distinguish the two groups, but homicide offenders were less likely to record property-directed and auto-aggressive behaviours (p < .05). By contrast, on average, scores for suicide-related behaviours were lower among the homicide offenders (p = .001), with non-homicide offenders showing a mean score in the high-risk category (13.25; SD, 1.25). As motor impulsivity significantly differentiated the groups, this may be an important measure to add to any risk assessment battery when there are concerns about homicidal behaviours. In this sample, history of interpersonal aggression did not distinguish the groups. People with indications of self-harm or suicide-related behaviours may be at less risk of violence to others, but care should be taken in interpreting this finding as it is not entirely consistent with other findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adegboyega Ogunwale
- Forensic Unit, Department of Clinical Services, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Lubuola Issa Bamidele
- Forensic Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Oloche Adole
- Behavioural Medicine Center, 44 Nigerian Army Reference Hospitals, Kaduna, Nigeria
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Hollerbach P, Habermeyer E, Nitschke J, Sünkel Z, Mokros A. Construct Validity of the German Version of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) is among the most well-established instruments for the assessment of psychopathy. The PCL-R is a 20-item observer rating instrument based on file review and a semi-structured interview. The current study aimed to investigate the validity of the German adaptation of the PCL-R, its factor structure, construct validity, and association with socially desirable responding in a sample of male offenders ( N = 118). A parcel model with four facets and two factors yielded excellent model fit. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed based on correlational analyses, a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix, and a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) including measures of psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), global personality dimensions, alexithymia, and impulsivity. The MTMM matrix as well as substantial associations with self-reported psychopathic traits and observer ratings of ASPD indicated convergent validity. Correlational analyses revealed that Factor 1 of the PCL-R was associated with low neuroticism, whereas Factor 2 was associated with impulsivity as well as with low agreeableness and conscientiousness. The PCL-R total score and Factor 2 were negatively correlated with impression management. Overall, the current findings support the validity of the German adaptation of the PCL-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hollerbach
- Forensic Psychiatry Hospital, Asklepios Clinic North – Ochsenzoll, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elmar Habermeyer
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andreas Mokros
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen (University of Hagen), Hagen, Germany
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Espiridion ED, Kerbel SA. A Systematic Literature Review of the Association Between Somatic Symptom Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder. Cureus 2020; 12:e9318. [PMID: 32850196 PMCID: PMC7444747 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Long J, Liu Y, Liu T, Billieux J. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese SUPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Age. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:529949. [PMID: 33329077 PMCID: PMC7710909 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.529949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Impulsivity is widely recognized as a risk factor for a variety of mental disorders and problematic behaviors. The Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P) is an extensively used instrument to measure impulsivity in research and clinical settings. The current study primarily aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the SUPPS-P (C-SUPPS-P) among Chinese adolescents and emerging adults, and then to test its measurement invariance across gender and age. Methods: Data were collected from three vocational high schools and six colleges in Changsha, China. A total of 2,551 participants (20.1% male and 22.6% adolescents) completed the C-SUPPS-P and scales assessing addictive and problematic smartphone use, as well as emotional symptoms (anxiety, stress, depression). Four alternative models were examined and compared by using confirmatory factor analysis to determine the best factor structure of the C-SUPPS-P. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were used to test measurement invariance across gender and age. Results: A theory-driven five-factor structure consistent with the original scale was identified. All of the subscales had good internal consistency. The correlations observed with the other scales supported the construct validity of the C-SUPPS-P. Full measurement invariance was established across gender and age, and significant gender and age differences according to impulsivity facets were identified. Conclusions: The C-SUPPS-P presents a consistent factor structure, as well as reliability and validity that are equivalent to those of the original scale. The full measurement invariance shown across gender and age allows for intergroup comparisons. Overall, the C-SUPPS-P is a promising instrument to measure various impulsivity traits in Chinese adolescents and emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yueheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Martin S, Del-Monte J, Graziani P. Impulsivity issues in borderline personality disorder and it's links with insight: the role of urgency. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02564. [PMID: 31667405 PMCID: PMC6812187 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Impulsivity plays a major role in a wide range of disorders including Borderline Personality Disorder. Another crucial clinical dimension is insight. This clinical dimension is linked with symptomatology and treatment issue. The present study aims to investigate the impact of positive and negative urgency on insight in Borderline Personality Disorder. Methods We recruited eighty-one women with Borderline Personality Disorder and assessed insight level and impulsivity scores using the Beck Cognitive insight scale and the UPPS-short form scale. Results Our results showed interesting links between positive urgency and insight quality. Conclusion Negative emotions play a fundamental role for the insight quality, but positive emotions are surprisingly related to clinical insight. We discuss the possible therapeutical impact of this results on treatment adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Martin
- Laboratory of Social Psychology (LPS), University of Aix-Marseille & Nîmes, France
| | - Jonathan Del-Monte
- Laboratory of Social Psychology (LPS), University of Aix-Marseille & Nîmes, France
| | - Pierluigi Graziani
- Laboratory of Social Psychology (LPS), University of Aix-Marseille & Nîmes, France
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Flaudias V, Maurage P, Izaute M, de Chazeron I, Brousse G, Chakroun-Baggioni N. Craving Mediates the Relation Between Impulsivity and Alcohol Consumption Among University Students. Am J Addict 2019; 28:489-496. [PMID: 31423682 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The relationship between impulsivity and craving in severe alcohol use disorders is well established, but the presence and characteristics of this link in University students are still to be established. The present study aims to better understand the relationship between impulsivity and craving in university students and to determine the influence of these variables on alcohol consumption characteristics. METHODS A large sample of university students (N = 1055, mean age: 20.9 years; 713 women) completed an online questionnaire to evaluate alcohol use, impulsivity, and craving. RESULTS Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the compulsive dimensions of craving (P < .001), sensation seeking (P < .001), and lack of premeditation (P < .001) constitute strong predictors of current consumption. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the threshold level above which craving intensity can identify specific high-risk populations. A mediation analysis showed that craving has a partial mediator effect on the impact of impulsivity on alcohol consumption for this population (37,8%, P < .001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The sensation seeking and lack of premeditation dimensions of impulsivity, coupled with compulsive craving, are efficient predictors of excessive alcohol consumption for university students. The partial mediator effect of craving is important in terms of characterizing the relationship between impulsivity and alcohol consumption. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Our study centrally shows that the interaction between elevated levels of impulsivity and craving constitute a crucial risk factor for alcohol consumption in university students, and should thus constitute a target for primary prevention programs (Am J Addict 2019;00:00-00).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie Izaute
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ingrid de Chazeron
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nadia Chakroun-Baggioni
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Prat Q, Andueza J, Echávarri B, Camerino O, Fernandes T, Castañer M. A Mixed Methods Design to Detect Adolescent and Young Adults' Impulsiveness on Decision-Making and Motor Performance. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1072. [PMID: 31178778 PMCID: PMC6543009 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsiveness in adolescents and young adults is an important aspect of psychological research. However, there still is lack of research that relates impulsiveness and motor performance in those. Thus, we aim to detect the levels of impulsiveness related to motor skills, motor laterality, spatial orientation, and individual interaction on the decision-making of adolescents and young adults across three staggered workouts. The study had 71 participants (53 males and 18 females), ranging in age from 17 to 24 years old (Mage = 18.5 years; SD = 1.72) and classified as non-impulsiveness (n = 47), impulsiveness (n = 17), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 7). A Mixed Methods research was conducted throughout four research tools (a) The Observational System of Motor Skills (OSMOS) was used to observe and detect the movement sequences patterns; (b) The Spanish version of Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) was administered to obtain the impulsiveness profiles; (c) The Precision and Agility Tapping over Hoops (PATHoops) was carried out to observe the decision-making and temporal-spatial over movement effectiveness; (d) Motor Laterality Inventory (MOTORLAT) was applied to obtain the laterality profiles related to motor skills performance. This Mixed Methods approach has obtained useful results for impulsiveness in motor situations as the results from the different tools converge to established three clear profiles of impulsiveness. Participants with ADHD showed lack of interpersonal interaction, non-resolute decision-making, and lesser richness of motor skills patterns than non-impulsiveness and impulsiveness subjects. Additionally, impulsiveness participants also showed rich motor patterns, dyadic interactions, good decision making in spatial orientation tasks, and more versatile laterality in the lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queralt Prat
- INEFC (National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Andueza
- INEFC (National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | - Tiago Fernandes
- Faculty of Sport, Center for Research, Training, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Castañer
- INEFC (National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,IRBLLEIDA (Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Bouguettaya A, Moulding R, King RM, Harrold G. The relationships between socially prescribed perfectionism, in-group affect, negative urgency, and disordered eating in women. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:369-376. [PMID: 31006891 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) is often considered as a key risk factor for disordered eating (DE). However, current conceptualizations of SPP largely assume that this perfectionism pressure is non-specific (i.e., a global pressure), despite research indicating that for females experiencing DE, female-dominated groups impose this pressure (as a perceived norm). Furthermore, this relationship may be mediated by a negative reaction to this pressure, in the form of impulsivity (or negative urgency). To date, no research has investigated whether the relationship between SPP and DE is mediated by negative urgency, nor has there been research clarifying how in-group identification relates to DE, independent of SPP and negative urgency. To address these gaps, we assessed these variables in 147 female dieters (Mage = 25.12 years, SD = 3.08) using a cross-sectional design. Consistent with our hypotheses, negative urgency fully mediated the link between female-based SPP and disordered eating, while female-based in-group affect (identification) was predictive of disordered eating (although the latter relationship was not sustained in a multiple regression model). These findings suggest that the SPP from other women may relate to DE through increasing negative urgency, and that the link between in-group (female) affect and DE may be better explained by SPP's link to DE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ross M King
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia
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Peters EM, Bowen R, Balbuena L. Mood Instability and Trait Anxiety as Distinct Components of Eysenckian Neuroticism With Differential Relations to Impulsivity and Risk Taking. J Pers Assess 2019; 102:337-347. [PMID: 30907661 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2019.1569528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the results of 2 studies that investigated mood instability in the Eysenck neuroticism scales and its relationship to trait impulsivity and risk taking. In Study 1 we examined the relationship between a mood instability factor in the Eysenck Personality Inventory and impulsivity (i.e., rapid unplanned behavior) in a general population sample of 6,066 adults. The mood instability factor was positively correlated with impulsivity. The remaining factors, largely reflecting trait anxiety, were also positively correlated with impulsivity, although these correlations disappeared when mood instability was included in the same regression model. In Study 2 we factor analyzed the short form of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire to isolate mood instability and trait anxiety factors and explore their associations with risk taking in a general population sample of 394,170 adults 40 to 69 years old. The mood instability factor was positively associated with risk taking, whereas the association for the trait anxiety factor was negative. Taken together, the results suggest that mood instability and trait anxiety are separable components of Eysenckian neuroticism and that mood instability is the main component that is positively associated with trait impulsivity and risk taking. Further research is needed to clarify the factor structure of Eysenckian neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyn M Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Rudy Bowen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Lloyd Balbuena
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Paschek N, Müller N, Heistermann M, Ostner J, Schülke O. Subtypes of aggression and their relation to anxiety in Barbary macaques. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:120-128. [PMID: 30318602 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human aggression can be differentiated into reactive aggression (RA), displayed in face of a real or perceived threat and associated with high levels of anxiety, and proactive aggression (PA), displayed to achieve a certain goal and linked to lower anxiety levels. To study the origins of these aggression subtypes and their relation to anxiety, we tested if both subtypes can be distinguished in a nonhuman primate species, characterized their occurrence within the study group, and examined the link between aggression subtype and anxiety. Data were collected on 29 individuals of a semi-free ranging group of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) at Affenberg Salem, Germany, via focal animal (303 hr) and event sampling (1,222 agonistic events). Using a priori definitions, each aggressive event was classified as either reactive or proactive. We found both aggression types in our study population as well as individual differences in the proportion at which they occurred. The predominant use of one subtype of aggression was linked to the individual's dominance rank, age and sex, but not related to standard behavioral and physiological measures of anxiety. Our results suggest that reactive and proactive subtypes of aggression also exist in Barbary macaques, indicating a deeper evolutionary history of these aggression types observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Paschek
- Department of Behavioural Ecology; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
| | - Nadine Müller
- Department of Behavioural Ecology; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory; German Primate Center; Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Germany
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department of Behavioural Ecology; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
- Primate Social Evolution Research Group; German Primate Center; Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department of Behavioural Ecology; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
- Primate Social Evolution Research Group; German Primate Center; Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
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Subramani OS, Parrott DJ, Latzman RD, Washburn DA. Breaking the link: Distraction from emotional cues reduces the association between trait disinhibition and reactive physical aggression. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:151-160. [PMID: 30515840 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research has implicated biased attention allocation toward emotional cues as a proximal mechanism in the association between trait disinhibition and physical aggression. The current study tested this putative cognitive mechanism by incentivizing a shift of attention from a provoking stimulus to a neutral stimulus during a laboratory aggression paradigm. Participants were 119 undergraduate men. They completed a questionnaire that assessed trait disinhibition, were randomly assigned to a distraction or no-distraction control condition, and completed a shock-based aggression task in which they received low and high provocation from a fictitious opponent. A significant positive association between trait disinhibition and physical aggression was found among non-distracted participants exposed to high, but not low, provocation. Distraction from provoking cues significantly attenuated this association. This study is among the first to provide experimental evidence of (a) the positive relation between trait disinhibition and laboratory-based physical aggression, and (b) a potential method for attenuating this association.
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Bottesi G, Carraro E, Martignon A, Cerea S, Ghisi M. “I’m Uncertain: What Should I Do?”: an Investigation of Behavioral Responses to Everyday Life Uncertain Situations. Int J Cogn Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-019-00040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ferreira-Garcia R, Gitahy Falcão Faria C, Nardi AE, da Rocha Freire RC. Negative Affect Mediates Impulsivity in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychopathology 2019; 52:327-333. [PMID: 31968352 DOI: 10.1159/000503395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although anxiety and impulsivity are intuitively thought to be inversely correlated, increased impulsivity has been associated both with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) diagnosis and GAD symptoms in non-clinical samples. The emotional dysregulation model of GAD posits that patients experience more frequent and intense negative emotions while having poor regulatory control over emotional states and greater negative reactivity to their emotions. We hypothesized that poor regulatory control in the presence of negative emotions might explain the increased impulsivity found in GAD patients. In this study, we examined if negative affect mediates the relationship between GAD and impulsivity. METHODS Thirty-four GAD patients and 35 healthy controls were included, and evaluated with measurements of impulsivity, negative and positive emotions, the severity of worrying and GAD symptoms, depression, and 5-factor personality traits. RESULTS Global impulsivity scores and the attentional facet of impulsivity were higher in the patient group when compared to the controls. Negative affect was correlated with global impulsivity in the patient group only and explained impulsivity in our regression model while worrying and depressive symptoms did not. An indirect relationship was found between diagnosis and impulsivity through negative affect. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the cardinal symptom of GAD - worrying - was not independently related to impulsivity in our sample. Increased impulsivity in GAD seems to be mediated by the increased presence of negative emotions, as it is common in mood and impulse-control disorders, indicating an unspecific shared vulnerability factor to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ferreira-Garcia
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
| | | | - Antonio Egídio Nardi
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Christophe da Rocha Freire
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Krause-Utz A, Erol E, Brousianou AV, Cackowski S, Paret C, Ende G, Elzinga B. Self-reported impulsivity in women with borderline personality disorder: the role of childhood maltreatment severity and emotion regulation difficulties. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2019; 6:6. [PMID: 30873282 PMCID: PMC6399941 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-019-0101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment, such as severe emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and neglect, has been linked to impulse control problems and dysfunctional emotional coping. In borderline personality disorder (BPD), a history of childhood maltreatment may worsen difficulties in emotion regulation, which may in turn give rise to impulsive behaviours. The aim of this self-report study was to investigate associations between childhood maltreatment severity, emotion regulation difficulties, and impulsivity in women with BPD compared to healthy and clinical controls. METHODS Sixty-one female patients with BPD, 57 clinical controls (CC, women with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Substance Use Disorder, without BPD), and 60 female healthy controls (HC) completed self-report scales on childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ), difficulties in emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS), and impulsivity (UPPS Impulsive Behaviour Scale). A conditional process analysis was performed to investigate whether emotion dysregulation statistically mediated the effect of childhood maltreatment severity on impulsivity depending on group (BPD vs. CC vs. HC). RESULTS Childhood maltreatment, particularly emotional maltreatment, was positively associated with impulsivity and emotion regulation difficulties across all groups. Difficulties in emotion regulation statistically mediated the effect of childhood maltreatment on impulsivity in BPD, but not in the other groups. CONCLUSION In the context of current conceptualizations of BPD and previous research, findings suggest that problems with emotion regulation may be related to a history of childhood maltreatment, which may in turn enhance impulsivity. Targeting emotion dysregulation in psychotherapy and discussing it in relation to childhood maltreatment can help decreasing impulsive behaviors in individuals with BPD. Given the correlational design of our study which does not allow causal conclusions, future studies have to employ prospective, experimental designs and include larger sample sizes to corroborate associations between childhood maltreatment, emotion dysregulation, and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Krause-Utz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ezgi Erol
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands.,3Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.,4Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Athina V Brousianou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Cackowski
- 4Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,5Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychtherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Paret
- 4Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,5Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychtherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ende
- 4Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,6Department Neuoimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernet Elzinga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
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Dugré JR, Giguére CÉ, Percie du Sert O, Potvin S, Dumais A. The Psychometric Properties of a Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale Among Psychiatric Patients Evaluated in an Emergency Setting. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:139. [PMID: 30967798 PMCID: PMC6442540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct that has an important role for the understanding of diverse psychopathologies and problematic behaviors. The UPPS-P impulsive behavior scale, measuring five distinct facets of impulsivity, has been subject to several studies. No study has investigated the clinical utility of this questionnaire amongst an unstable psychiatric population. The aim of the current study is to examine the psychometric properties of the short version of this scale in a psychiatric emergency unit. Method: The S-UPPS-P was administered to 1,097 psychiatric patients in an emergency setting, where a subgroup of 148 participants completed a follow-up. The internal consistency, the construct validity, the test-retest reliability, and correlations with a substance misuse measure were examined. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported a five-factor solution. Results indicated good psychometric properties across psychiatric diagnoses and gender. The S-UPPS-P was partially invariant across sexes. The authors have found differences on the loading of one item and on the thresholds of two items from lack of premeditation and positive urgency subscales. Conclusion: This validation study showed that the UPPS-P conserved good psychometric properties in an unstable psychiatric sample, indicating that the instrument can be utilized in such settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Roger Dugré
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles-Édouard Giguére
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Percie du Sert
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephane Potvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Institut National de Psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Van Doren N, Tharp JA, Johnson SL, Staudenmaier PJ, Anderson C, Freeman MA. Perseverance of effort is related to lower depressive symptoms via authentic pride and perceived power. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Philippot P, Bouvard M, Baeyens C, Dethier V. Case conceptualization from a process-based and modular perspective: Rationale and application to mood and anxiety disorders. Clin Psychol Psychother 2018; 26:175-190. [PMID: 30338874 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the theoretical, clinical, and practical arguments supporting a process-based transdiagnostic approach to psychotherapy. A working definition of "psychological process" is provided, as well as a tri-dimensional categorization of psychological processes potentially involved in psychopathology. Guidelines are proposed to select psychological interventions based on the active psychopathological processes evidenced in a given case. We also provide a rationale to organize treatment as a set of modules, each addressing a specific psychopathological process. Next, we review the main processes that may be active in mood and anxiety disorders, and that are accessible to clinicians in regular practice. For each process, we propose a validated assessment questionnaire. Finally, we offer a free-access web-based instrument that allows clients to fill in these questionnaires via an internet survey, and that provides therapists with a tool to easily decode and interpret the questionnaire results and to present them to the clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Philippot
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie Expérimentale, Université catholique of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Martine Bouvard
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Céline Baeyens
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LIP/PC2S, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Dethier
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie Expérimentale, Université catholique of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Bernecker K, Job V, Hofmann W. Experience, Resistance, and Enactment of Desires: Differential Relationships With Trait Measures Predicting Self-Control. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rothen S, Briefer JF, Deleuze J, Karila L, Andreassen CS, Achab S, Thorens G, Khazaal Y, Zullino D, Billieux J. Disentangling the role of users' preferences and impulsivity traits in problematic Facebook use. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201971. [PMID: 30183698 PMCID: PMC6124717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of social network sites (SNSs) has grown dramatically. Numerous studies have shown that SNS users may suffer from excessive use, associated with addictive-like symptoms. With a focus on the popular SNS Facebook (FB), our aims in the current study were twofold: First, to explore the heterogeneity of FB usage and determine which kind of FB activity predicts problematic usage; second, to test whether specific impulsivity facets predict problematic use of FB. To this end, a sample of FB users (N = 676) completed an online survey assessing usage preferences (e.g., types of activities performed), symptoms of problematic FB use and impulsivity traits. Results indicated that specific usage preferences (updating one’s status, gaming via FB, and using notifications) and impulsive traits (positive and negative urgency, lack of perseverance) are associated to problematic FB use. This study underscores that labels such as FB “addiction” are misleading and that focusing on the actual activities performed on SNSs is crucial when considering dysfunctional usage. Furthermore, this study clarified the role of impulsivity in problematic FB use by building on a theoretically driven model of impulsivity that assumes its multidimensional nature. The current findings have identifiable theoretical and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Rothen
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Briefer
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jory Deleuze
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laurent Karila
- Service d'Addictologie, Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, AP-HP, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1000, Villejuif France
| | | | - Sophia Achab
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Thorens
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Zullino
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joel Billieux
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab (ACB-Lab), Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- * E-mail:
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Lim SY, Kim SJ. Validation of a short Korean version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2018; 10:e12318. [PMID: 29687631 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present study was to validate a Korean version of the short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P). METHODS This study included 724 undergraduate students who completed the following questionnaires: the Korean UPPS-P, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and Canadian Problem Gambling Index. RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis supported a 5-factor interrelated model. The internal consistency coefficients for the 5 factors of the short Korean UPPS-P were acceptable (.65-.78 across the subscales), and the subscales of the short Korean UPPS-P were strongly correlated with the long UPPS-P subscales. External validity was demonstrated by associations between the subfactors of impulsivity and various psychopathologies, including depression, anxiety, binge eating, alcohol abuse, and gambling. DISCUSSION The present results indicate that the short Korean version of the UPPS-P may be a useful and reliable alternative to the original long-form UPPS-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seog Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Bousardt AMC, Noorthoorn EO, Hoogendoorn AW, Nijman HLI, Hummelen JW. On the Link Between Emotionally Driven Impulsivity and Aggression: Evidence From a Validation Study on the Dutch UPPS-P. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:2329-2344. [PMID: 28569075 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x17711879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The UPPS-P seems to be a promising instrument for measuring different domains of impulsivity in forensic psychiatric patients. Validation studies of the instrument however, have been conducted only in student groups. In this validation study, three groups completed the Dutch UPPS-P: healthy student ( N = 94) and community ( N = 134) samples and a forensic psychiatric sample ( N = 73). The five-factor structure reported previously could only be substantiated in a confirmatory factor analysis over the combined groups but not in the subsamples. Subgroup sample sizes might be too small to allow such complex analyses. Internal consistency, as assessed by Cronbach's alpha, was high on most subscale and sample combinations. In explaining aggression, especially the initial subscale negative urgency (NU) was related to elevated scores on self-reported aggression in the healthy samples (student and community). The current study is the second study that found a relationship between self-reported NU and aggression highlighting the importance of addressing this behavioural domain in aggression management therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M C Bousardt
- 1 Forensic Psychiatric Ward de Boog, Warnsveld, GGNet, The Netherlands
| | - E O Noorthoorn
- 1 Forensic Psychiatric Ward de Boog, Warnsveld, GGNet, The Netherlands
- 2 Stichting Benchmark GGZ, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - J W Hummelen
- 1 Forensic Psychiatric Ward de Boog, Warnsveld, GGNet, The Netherlands
- 5 University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Berdoulat E, Rochaix D, Poulet C, Harrati S, Vavassori D. Étude des liens entre conduite automobile agressive et transgressive et impulsivité : compréhension empirique et clinique à l’aide du modèle UPPS de l’impulsivité. PRAT PSYCHOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Major Depressive Disorder and Emotion-Related Impulsivity: Are Both Related to Cognitive Inhibition? COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-017-9885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brikmanis K, Petersen A, Doran N. Do personality traits related to affect regulation predict other tobacco product use among young adult non-daily smokers? Addict Behav 2017; 75:79-84. [PMID: 28711748 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding factors that influence non-cigarette tobacco use is important given these products' prevalence and health risks. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that personality traits related to affect regulation would be associated with greater frequency of other tobacco product (OTP) use in a sample of young adult non-daily smokers. METHODS Participants (n=518, 51% male) aged 18-24 were non-daily cigarette smokers recruited from the community for a longitudinal study of tobacco use. Personality characteristics (impulsivity, anhedonia, and negative affectivity) were measured at baseline, and participants reported recent tobacco use at baseline and 3, 6, and 9months later. Assessments were conducted online or via mobile phone. RESULTS Across the 4 assessments, 33-52% of participants reported recent OTP use, with frequency of use decreasing over time. Longitudinal negative binomial regression models indicated that greater sensation seeking and lack of premeditation were associated with more frequent OTP use (ps<0.05). These effects were consistent over time. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that young adult non-daily cigarette smokers with greater propensity for immediately rewarding behaviors may use OTPs more frequently. Young, non-daily cigarette smokers with high levels of sensation seeking and/or lack of premeditation may be at increased risk for harms related to OTP use and may benefit from prevention and cessation strategies that specifically address affect.
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Claréus B, Daukantaitė D, Wångby-Lundh M, Lundh LG. Validation of a Swedish version of the short UPPS-P impulsive behavior scale among young adults. Addict Behav Rep 2017; 6:118-122. [PMID: 29450246 PMCID: PMC5800581 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The UPPS-P model of impulsivity proposes that impulsivity comprises five distinct facets-negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking. The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale has been used to measure these facets. The purpose of the current study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the 20-item UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P). The sample comprised 343 Swedish young adults (Mage = 24.21, SD = 2.01; 27% men, 2% other or undisclosed gender identity) who answered a questionnaire including the SUPPS-P; Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21); and questions regarding their alcohol consumption and substance use. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 5-factor, inter-correlated model, where each subscale of the SUPPS-P constitutes one latent variable. The convergent validity was established by replicating previously found correlations between the different impulsivity facets and depression, anxiety, frequency of alcohol consumption, and substance use. The internal consistency was acceptable for all the SUPPS-P subscales (Cronbach's α = 0.65-0.78, McDonald's ω = 0.65-0.79), except lack of perseverance (Cronbach's α = 0.60, McDonald's ω = 0.61). Thus, while the Swedish version of the SUPPS-P is suitable for assessing impulsivity in Swedish young adult samples, further research is needed to improve the psychometric properties of the lack of perseverance subscale.
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