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Shalabi S, Belayachi A, Larrivée B. Involvement of neuronal factors in tumor angiogenesis and the shaping of the cancer microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1284629. [PMID: 38375479 PMCID: PMC10875004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1284629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that nerves within the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in regulating angiogenesis. Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released by nerves can interact with nearby blood vessels and tumor cells, influencing their behavior and modulating the angiogenic response. Moreover, nerve-derived signals may activate signaling pathways that enhance the production of pro-angiogenic factors within the tumor microenvironment, further supporting blood vessel growth around tumors. The intricate network of communication between neural constituents and the vascular system accentuates the potential of therapeutically targeting neural-mediated pathways as an innovative strategy to modulate tumor angiogenesis and, consequently, neoplastic proliferation. Hereby, we review studies that evaluate the precise molecular interplay and the potential clinical ramifications of manipulating neural elements for the purpose of anti-angiogenic therapeutics within the scope of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Shalabi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ali Belayachi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Larrivée
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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Abualsaud N, Caprio L, Galli S, Krawczyk E, Alamri L, Zhu S, Gallicano GI, Kitlinska J. Neuropeptide Y/Y5 Receptor Pathway Stimulates Neuroblastoma Cell Motility Through RhoA Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:627090. [PMID: 33681186 PMCID: PMC7928066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.627090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated in the regulation of cellular motility under various physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer dissemination. Yet, the exact signaling pathways leading to these effects remain unknown. In a pediatric malignancy, neuroblastoma (NB), high NPY release from tumor tissue associates with metastatic disease. Here, we have shown that NPY stimulates NB cell motility and invasiveness and acts as a chemotactic factor for NB cells. We have also identified the Y5 receptor (Y5R) as the main NPY receptor mediating these actions. In NB tissues and cell cultures, Y5R is highly expressed in migratory cells and accumulates in regions of high RhoA activity and dynamic cytoskeleton remodeling. Y5R stimulation activates RhoA and results in Y5R/RhoA-GTP interactions, as shown by pull-down and proximity ligation assays, respectively. This is the first demonstration of the role for the NPY/Y5R axis in RhoA activation and the subsequent cytoskeleton remodeling facilitating cell movement. These findings implicate Y5R as a target in anti-metastatic therapies for NB and other cancers expressing this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran Abualsaud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,Cell Therapy and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lindsay Caprio
- Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Susana Galli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lamia Alamri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Shiya Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - G Ian Gallicano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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3
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Wu JQ, Jiang N, Yu B. Mechanisms of action of neuropeptide Y on stem cells and its potential applications in orthopaedic disorders. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:986-1000. [PMID: 33033559 PMCID: PMC7524693 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading causes of disability and result in reduced quality of life. The neuro-osteogenic network is one of the most promising fields in orthopaedic research. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has been reported to be involved in the regulations of bone metabolism and homeostasis, which also provide feedback to the central NPY system via NPY receptors. Currently, potential roles of peripheral NPY in bone metabolism remain unclear. Growing evidence suggests that NPY can regulate biological actions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes via a local autocrine or paracrine manner by different NPY receptors. The regulative activities of NPY may be achieved through the plasticity of NPY receptors, and interactions among the targeted cells as well. In general, NPY can influence proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, mobilization, and cytokine secretion of different types of cells, and play crucial roles in the development of bone delayed/non-union, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Further basic research should clarify detailed mechanisms of action of NPY on stem cells, and clinical investigations are also necessary to comprehensively evaluate potential applications of NPY and its receptor-targeted drugs in management of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Huadu District People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510800, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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4
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Wu WQ, Peng S, Wan XQ, Lin S, Li LY, Song ZY. Physical exercise inhibits atherosclerosis development by regulating the expression of neuropeptide Y in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Life Sci 2019; 237:116896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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Nowosielski Y, Haas G, Seifarth C, Wohlfarter W, Tasan R, Verius M, Troger J, Bechrakis N. The involvement of NK1 and Y2 receptor in the development of laser-induced CNVs in C57Bl/6N mice. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:87-95. [PMID: 30076797 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE to explore whether the NK1 and Y2 receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of laser-induced CNV (choroidal neovascularization) in C57Bl/6N mice. METHODS CNV was induced by laser damage of Bruch's membrane and the CNV volume was determined by OCT and/or flatmount preparation. First, the development of the CNV volume over time was evaluated. Second, the CNV development in NK1- and Y2 KO mice was analyzed. Third, the effect on the development as well as the regression of CNV by intravitreal injections of the NK1 antagonist SR140333 and the Y2 antagonist BIIEO246 separately and each in combination with Eylea®, was investigated. Furthermore, flatmount CNV volume measurements were correlated to volumes obtained by the in vivo OCT technique. RESULTS CNV volume peak was observed at day 4 after laser treatment. Compared to wild type mice, NK1 and Y2 KO mice showed significantly smaller CNV volumes. Eylea® and the Y2 antagonist significantly reduced the volume of the developing CNV. In contrast to Eylea® there was no effect of either antagonist on the regression of CNV, additionally no additive effect upon combined Eylea®/antagonist treatment was observed. There was a strong positive correlation between CNV volumes obtained by OCT and flatmount. CONCLUSION NK1 and Y2 receptors mediate the development of laser-induced CNVs in mice. They seem to play an important role at the developmental stage of CNVs, whereas VEGF via VEGF receptor may be an important mediator throughout the CNV existence. In vivo OCT correlates with flatmount CNV volume, representing a useful tool for in vivo evaluations of CNV over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Nowosielski
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Austria.
| | - Gertrud Haas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Austria
| | - Christof Seifarth
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Austria
| | - Werner Wohlfarter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Austria
| | - Ramon Tasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter Mayr Straße 1a, Austria
| | - Michael Verius
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Austria
| | - Nikolaos Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Essen University Hospital, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Icli
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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7
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Marrella A, Lee TY, Lee DH, Karuthedom S, Syla D, Chawla A, Khademhosseini A, Jang HL. Engineering vascularized and innervated bone biomaterials for improved skeletal tissue regeneration. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2018; 21:362-376. [PMID: 30100812 PMCID: PMC6082025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels and nerve fibers are distributed throughout the entirety of skeletal tissue, and play important roles during bone development and fracture healing by supplying oxygen, nutrients, and cells. However, despite the successful development of bone mimetic materials that can replace damaged bone from a structural point of view, most of the available bone biomaterials often do not induce sufficient formation of blood vessels and nerves. In part, this is due to the difficulty of integrating and regulating multiple tissue types within artificial materials, which causes a gap between native skeletal tissue. Therefore, understanding the anatomy and underlying interaction mechanisms of blood vessels and nerve fibers in skeletal tissue is important to develop biomaterials that can recapitulate its complex microenvironment. In this perspective, we highlight the structure and osteogenic functions of the vascular and nervous system in bone, in a coupled manner. In addition, we discuss important design criteria for engineering vascularized, innervated, and neurovascularized bone implant materials, as well as recent advances in the development of such biomaterials. We expect that bone implant materials with neurovascularized networks can more accurately mimic native skeletal tissue and improve the regeneration of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marrella
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. USA
| | - Tae Yong Lee
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. USA
| | - Sobha Karuthedom
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. USA
| | - Denata Syla
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. USA
| | - Aditya Chawla
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hae Lin Jang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Clark DL, McCormick JL, Velleman SG. Effect of incubation temperature on neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y receptors in turkey and chicken satellite cells. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 219-220:58-66. [PMID: 29505887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an appetite stimulating peptide released from the central nervous system and impacts the function of many different cell types. A recent transcriptome study showed that NPY expression was altered when turkey breast muscle satellite cells were incubated at low or high temperatures, suggesting NPY may mediate temperature effects on satellite cells. However, to date minimal information exists describing the expression and function of NPY in satellite cells. The objective of this study was to determine how temperature impacts NPY and NPY receptor gene expression in satellite cells isolated from turkeys and chickens with differing genetic lineages. Two broiler and two turkey breast muscle satellite cell lines were incubated at 35, 38 or 41 °C during proliferation and differentiation. In both turkey lines, NPY, and receptors NPY2R and NPY5R expression increased at elevated temperatures after 72 h of proliferation. During differentiation NPY and NPY5R expression increased in both turkey lines with higher temperatures, whereas NPY2R was minimally affected by temperature. In contrast, in both chicken cell lines there were few significant differences for NPY and NPY receptor expression across temperature during proliferation. During differentiation, the temperature effect was different in the two chicken cell lines. In the BPM8 chicken line, there were few differences in NPY and NPY receptors across temperature; whereas elevated temperatures increased NPY, NPY2R, and NPY5R expression in the 708 line. The differences between turkey and chicken lines suggest NPY has species specific satellite cell functions in response to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Clark
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, United States.
| | - Janet L McCormick
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Sandra G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
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9
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Waldmann J, Fendrich V, Reichert M, Hecker A, Bartsch DK, Padberg W, Holler JP. Expression of neuropeptide Y and its receptors Y1 and Y2 in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive pancreatic cancer in a transgenic mouse model and human samples of pancreatic cancer. J Surg Res 2018; 223:230-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Neuropeptides, Inflammation, and Diabetic Wound Healing: Lessons from Experimental Models and Human Subjects. CONTEMPORARY DIABETES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89869-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Ali I, Bhargava S. Neuropeptide Y in the brain of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis tadpoles responds to hypoxic stress. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 251:38-45. [PMID: 27663883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has emerged as a novel peptide to antagonize various physiological consequences of stress within a mammalian brain. Hypoxia induced neuropeptide Y release in mammalian systems is well established. However, the possible role of NPY in regulating the effects of oxygen variation in lower vertebrates has not been investigated. We have studied the distribution and neuro-anatomical expression of NPY in the brain of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis tadpoles, exposed to normal and reduced oxygen levels using immunohistochemistry. Animals exposed to hypoxia (<2mg/ml) exhibited a significant amplification of NPY-immunoreactivity throughout the brain. Increased NPY-ir perikarya appeared in all the sub-divisions of pallium, septum and preoptic area of telencephalon; suprachiasmatic nucleus, central and lateral thalamus, infundibulum and habenular regions of diencephalon; and nucleus cerebella and medulla of rhombencephalon. Most of these regions form the stress and anxiety regulating centers of a vertebrate brain and some of the parallel regions also respond to respiratory reflexes in mammals. Hence, our results suggest NPY induced modulation of hypoxia in Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ali
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shobha Bhargava
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India.
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Troger J, Theurl M, Kirchmair R, Pasqua T, Tota B, Angelone T, Cerra MC, Nowosielski Y, Mätzler R, Troger J, Gayen JR, Trudeau V, Corti A, Helle KB. Granin-derived peptides. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 154:37-61. [PMID: 28442394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The granin family comprises altogether 7 different proteins originating from the diffuse neuroendocrine system and elements of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The family is dominated by three uniquely acidic members, namely chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB) and secretogranin II (SgII). Since the late 1980s it has become evident that these proteins are proteolytically processed, intragranularly and/or extracellularly into a range of biologically active peptides; a number of them with regulatory properties of physiological and/or pathophysiological significance. The aim of this comprehensive overview is to provide an up-to-date insight into the distribution and properties of the well established granin-derived peptides and their putative roles in homeostatic regulations. Hence, focus is directed to peptides derived from the three main granins, e.g. to the chromogranin A derived vasostatins, betagranins, pancreastatin and catestatins, the chromogranin B-derived secretolytin and the secretogranin II-derived secretoneurin (SN). In addition, the distribution and properties of the chromogranin A-derived peptides prochromacin, chromofungin, WE14, parastatin, GE-25 and serpinins, the CgB-peptide PE-11 and the SgII-peptides EM66 and manserin will also be commented on. Finally, the opposing effects of the CgA-derived vasostatin-I and catestatin and the SgII-derived peptide SN on the integrity of the vasculature, myocardial contractility, angiogenesis in wound healing, inflammatory conditions and tumors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Markus Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Bruno Tota
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria C Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Yvonne Nowosielski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphaela Mätzler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jasmin Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Vance Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelo Corti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Karen B Helle
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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13
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Mikulášková B, Maletínská L, Zicha J, Kuneš J. The role of food intake regulating peptides in cardiovascular regulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:78-92. [PMID: 27450151 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor that worsens cardiovascular events leading to higher morbidity and mortality. However, the exact mechanisms of relation between obesity and cardiovascular events are unclear. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that pharmacological therapy for obesity has great potential to improve some cardiovascular problems. Therefore, it is important to determine the common mechanisms regulating both food intake and blood pressure. Several hormones produced by peripheral tissues work together with neuropeptides involved in the regulation of both food intake and blood pressure. Anorexigenic (food intake lowering) hormones such as leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin cooperate with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated peptide as well as prolactin-releasing peptide. Curiously their collective actions result in increased sympathetic activity, especially in the kidney, which could be one of the factors responsible for the blood pressure increases seen in obesity. On the other hand, orexigenic (food intake enhancing) peptides, especially ghrelin released from the stomach and acting in the brain, cooperates with orexins, neuropeptide Y, melanin-concentrating hormone and galanin, which leads to decreased sympathetic activity and blood pressure. This paradox should be intensively studied in the future. Moreover, it is important to know that the hypothalamus together with the brainstem seem to be major structures in the regulation of food intake and blood pressure. Thus, the above mentioned regions might be essential brain components in the transmission of peripheral signals to the central effects. In this short review, we summarize the current information on cardiovascular effects of food intake regulating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mikulášková
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Zicha
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Kuneš
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic.
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14
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Alasvand M, Javanmard SH, Rashidi B, Khazaei M. Myocardial capillary density after neuropeptide Y antagonist administration in normal and high-fat diet C57BL6 mice. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:165. [PMID: 27995104 PMCID: PMC5137228 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.190998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36 amino acid peptide, has several effects on cardiovascular system. It is demonstrated that the angiogenic activity of NPY is similar to fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of systemic administration of antagonist of NPY receptor (BIIE0742) on coronary angiogenesis in normal and diet-induced obese animals. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male mice were received high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 14 weeks. Then, each group was randomized to the treatment of antagonist of NPY receptor (BIIE0246) or saline as following: ND+ BIIE0246 (100 μl/kg; i.p.), ND+ saline, HFD+ BIIE0246, HFD+ saline. After 14 days, blood samples were taken, and myocardial tissue (left ventricle) from all experimental groups was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Serum VEGF concentration and VEGF: Soluble VEGF receptor (sVEGFR)-1 ratio in obese animals was higher than normal group. Administration of BIIE0246 significantly reduced serum VEGF and VEGF: sVEGFR-1 ratio and increased serum sVEGFR-1 concentrations in obese animals (P < 0.05). In normal animals, BIIE0246 increased serum sVEGFR-1 level and decreased VEGF: sVEGFR-1 ratio. Serum nitrite did not alter after administration of BIIE0246 in both groups (P > 0.05). Myocardial capillary density expressed as the number of CD31 positive cells/mm2 was reduced after NPY antagonist treatment in obese and normal animals (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Administration of NPY antagonist impairs myocardial capillary density, reduces angiogenic factors and elevates anti-angiogenic factors, and there are no differences between obese and normal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Alasvand
- Department of Physiology, Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Neurogenic Inflammatory Research Center and Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Galli S, Naranjo A, Van Ryn C, Tilan JU, Trinh E, Yang C, Tsuei J, Hong SH, Wang H, Izycka-Swieszewska E, Lee YC, Rodriguez OC, Albanese C, Kitlinska J. Neuropeptide Y as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Neuroblastoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3040-3053. [PMID: 27743558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric malignant neoplasm of sympathoadrenal origin. Challenges in its management include stratification of this heterogeneous disease and a lack of both adequate treatments for high-risk patients and noninvasive biomarkers of disease progression. Our previous studies have identified neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic neurotransmitter expressed in NB, as a potential therapeutic target for these tumors by virtue of its Y5 receptor (Y5R)-mediated chemoresistance and Y2 receptor (Y2R)-mediated proliferative and angiogenic activities. The goal of this study was to determine the clinical relevance and utility of these findings. Expression of NPY and its receptors was evaluated in corresponding samples of tumor RNA, tissues, and sera from 87 patients with neuroblastic tumors and in tumor tissues from the TH-MYCN NB mouse model. Elevated serum NPY levels correlated with an adverse clinical presentation, poor survival, metastasis, and relapse, whereas strong Y5R immunoreactivity was a marker of angioinvasive tumor cells. In NB tissues from TH-MYCN mice, high immunoreactivity of both NPY and Y5R marked angioinvasive NB cells. Y2R was uniformly expressed in undifferentiated tumor cells, which supports its previously reported role in NB cell proliferation. Our findings validate NPY as a therapeutic target for advanced NB and implicate the NPY/Y5R axis in disease dissemination. The correlation between elevated systemic NPY and NB progression identifies serum NPY as a novel NB biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Galli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Arlene Naranjo
- Department of Biostatistics, Children's Oncology Group Statistics & Data Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Collin Van Ryn
- Department of Biostatistics, Children's Oncology Group Statistics & Data Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jason U Tilan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Emily Trinh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jessica Tsuei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sung-Hyeok Hong
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Hongkun Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ewa Izycka-Swieszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Olga C Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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16
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Saraf R, Mahmood F, Amir R, Matyal R. Neuropeptide Y is an angiogenic factor in cardiovascular regeneration. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 776:64-70. [PMID: 26875634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In diabetic cardiomyopathy, there is altered angiogenic signaling and increased oxidative stress. As a result, anti-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways are activated. These disrupt cellular metabolism and cause fibrosis and apoptosis, leading to pathological remodeling. The autonomic nervous system and neurotransmitters play an important role in angiogenesis. Therapies that promote angiogenesis may be able to relieve the pathology in these disease states. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most abundantly produced and expressed neuropeptide in the central and peripheral nervous systems in mammals and plays an important role in promoting angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte remodeling. It produces effects through G-protein-coupled Y receptors that are widely distributed and also present on the myocardium. Some of these receptors are also involved in diseased states of the heart. NPY has been implicated as a potent growth factor, causing cell proliferation in multiple systems while the NPY3-36 fragment is selective in stimulating angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte remodeling. Current research is focusing on developing a drug delivery mechanism for NPY to prolong therapy without having significant systemic consequences. This could be a promising innovation in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabya Saraf
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Feroze Mahmood
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rabia Amir
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robina Matyal
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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17
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Tilan J, Kitlinska J. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in tumor growth and progression: Lessons learned from pediatric oncology. Neuropeptides 2016; 55:55-66. [PMID: 26549645 PMCID: PMC4755837 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a sympathetic neurotransmitter with pleiotropic actions, many of which are highly relevant to tumor biology. Consequently, the peptide has been implicated as a factor regulating the growth of a variety of tumors. Among them, two pediatric malignancies with high endogenous NPY synthesis and release - neuroblastoma and Ewing sarcoma - became excellent models to investigate the role of NPY in tumor growth and progression. The stimulatory effect on tumor cell proliferation, survival, and migration, as well as angiogenesis in these tumors, is mediated by two NPY receptors, Y2R and Y5R, which are expressed in either a constitutive or inducible manner. Of particular importance are interactions of the NPY system with the tumor microenvironment, as hypoxic conditions commonly occurring in solid tumors strongly activate the NPY/Y2R/Y5R axis. This activation is triggered by hypoxia-induced up-regulation of Y2R/Y5R expression and stimulation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which converts NPY to a selective Y2R/Y5R agonist, NPY(3-36). While previous studies focused mainly on the effects of NPY on tumor growth and vascularization, they also provided insight into the potential role of the peptide in tumor progression into a metastatic and chemoresistant phenotype. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of NPY in neuroblastoma and Ewing sarcoma and its interactions with the tumor microenvironment in the context of findings in other malignancies, as well as discusses future directions and potential clinical implications of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tilan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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18
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Paiva SPC, Veloso CA, Campos FFC, Carneiro MM, Tilan JU, Wang H, Umans JG, Zukowska Z, Kitlinska J. Elevated levels of neuropeptide Y in preeclampsia: A pilot study implicating a role for stress in pathogenesis of the disease. Neuropeptides 2016; 55:127-35. [PMID: 26431933 PMCID: PMC4755897 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if preeclampsia (PE) is associated with dysregulation of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system. METHODS The study enrolled 114 subjects either with normal pregnancy (NP) or with PE. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was collected from patients using a standard sphygmomanometer. The PE patients were divided into two groups based on the gestational age (GA) at delivery - placental PE (PLPE, GA <34 weeks) or maternal PE (MTPE, GA ≥34 weeks). NPY was measured in platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet poor plasma (PPP) and in the serum of NP and PE patients utilizing radioimmunoassay. Serum levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) were measured in NP and PE subjects by ELISA. RESULTS SBP was higher in PE compared to NP. Circulating NPY in serum and PRP, as well as NPY content per 100,000 platelets, but not its concentrations in PPP, were elevated in PE, as compared to NP. The highest NPY concentrations were observed in sera and PRP of patients with MTPE. PE patients had also elevated levels of sFlt-1, as compared to NP, although no difference between PLPE and MTPL groups were observed. There was no increase in P1GF in PE patients. CONCLUSION Systemic NPY is elevated in PE patients, as compared to NP. This increase is observed in blood fractions containing platelets, suggesting accumulation of the peptide in these cells. NPY concentrations are particularly high in patients with MTPE, underlying differences in etiology between PLPE and MTPE. Our study implicates NPY as a potential target in antihypertensive therapies for PE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P C Paiva
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte UNIBH, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais UFMG, Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Clara A Veloso
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte UNIBH, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F C Campos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte UNIBH, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia M Carneiro
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais UFMG, Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Jason U Tilan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hongkun Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jason G Umans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zofia Zukowska
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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19
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Hong SH, Tilan JU, Galli S, Izycka-Swieszewska E, Polk T, Horton M, Mahajan A, Christian D, Jenkins S, Acree R, Connors K, Ledo P, Lu C, Lee YC, Rodriguez O, Toretsky JA, Albanese C, Kitlinska J. High neuropeptide Y release associates with Ewing sarcoma bone dissemination - in vivo model of site-specific metastases. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7151-65. [PMID: 25714031 PMCID: PMC4466675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) develops in bones or soft tissues of children and adolescents. The presence of bone metastases is one of the most adverse prognostic factors, yet the mechanisms governing their formation remain unclear. As a transcriptional target of EWS-FLI1, the fusion protein driving ES transformation, neuropeptide Y (NPY) is highly expressed and released from ES tumors. Hypoxia up-regulates NPY and activates its pro-metastatic functions. To test the impact of NPY on ES metastatic pattern, ES cell lines, SK-ES1 and TC71, with high and low peptide release, respectively, were used in an orthotopic xenograft model. ES cells were injected into gastrocnemius muscles of SCID/beige mice, the primary tumors excised, and mice monitored for the presence of metastases. SK-ES1 xenografts resulted in thoracic extra-osseous metastases (67%) and dissemination to bone (50%) and brain (25%), while TC71 tumors metastasized to the lungs (70%). Bone dissemination in SK-ES1 xenografts associated with increased NPY expression in bone metastases and its accumulation in bone invasion areas. The genetic silencing of NPY in SK-ES1 cells reduced bone degradation. Our study supports the role for NPY in ES bone invasion and provides new models for identifying pathways driving ES metastases to specific niches and testing anti-metastatic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyeok Hong
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jason U Tilan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Susana Galli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Taylor Polk
- Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Meredith Horton
- Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Akanksha Mahajan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - David Christian
- Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Shari Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Rachel Acree
- Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Katherine Connors
- Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Phuong Ledo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Congyi Lu
- McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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20
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Geloso MC, Corvino V, Di Maria V, Marchese E, Michetti F. Cellular targets for neuropeptide Y-mediated control of adult neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:85. [PMID: 25852477 PMCID: PMC4360818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are emerging as key regulators of stem cell niche activities in health and disease, both inside and outside the central nervous system (CNS). Among them, neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides both in the nervous system and in non-neural districts, has become the focus of much attention for its involvement in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions, including the modulation of different stem cell activities. In particular, a pro-neurogenic role of NPY has been evidenced in the neurogenic niche, where a direct effect on neural progenitors has been demonstrated, while different cellular types, including astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells, also appear to be responsive to the peptide. The marked modulation of the NPY system during several pathological conditions that affect neurogenesis, including stress, seizures and neurodegeneration, further highlights the relevance of this peptide in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. In view of the considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms controlling neural cell fate, this review aims to summarize and discuss current data on NPY signaling in the different cellular components of the neurogenic niche in order to elucidate the complexity of the mechanisms underlying the modulatory properties of this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
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21
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Hypoxia shifts activity of neuropeptide Y in Ewing sarcoma from growth-inhibitory to growth-promoting effects. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2487-501. [PMID: 24318733 PMCID: PMC3926843 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive malignancy driven by an oncogenic fusion protein, EWS-FLI1. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), and two of its receptors, Y1R and Y5R are up-regulated by EWS-FLI1 and abundantly expressed in ES cells. Paradoxically, NPY acting via Y1R and Y5R stimulates ES cell death. Here, we demonstrate that these growth-inhibitory actions of NPY are counteracted by hypoxia, which converts the peptide to a growth-promoting factor. In ES cells, hypoxia induces another NPY receptor, Y2R, and increases expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), an enzyme that cleaves NPY to a shorter form, NPY3-36. This truncated peptide no longer binds to Y1R and, therefore, does not stimulate ES cell death. Instead, NPY3-36 acts as a selective Y2R/Y5R agonist. The hypoxia-induced increase in DPPIV activity is most evident in a population of ES cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, rich in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Consequently, NPY, acting via Y2R/Y5Rs, preferentially stimulates proliferation and migration of hypoxic ALDHhigh cells. Hypoxia also enhances the angiogenic potential of ES by inducing Y2Rs in endothelial cells and increasing the release of its ligand, NPY3-36, from ES cells. In summary, hypoxia acts as a molecular switch shifting NPY activity away from Y1R/Y5R-mediated cell death and activating the Y2R/Y5R/DPPIV/NPY3-36 axis, which stimulates ES CSCs and promotes angiogenesis. Hypoxia-driven actions of the peptide such as these may contribute to ES progression. Due to the receptor-specific and multifaceted nature of NPY actions, these findings may inform novel therapeutic approaches to ES.
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22
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Medeiros PJ, Jackson DN. Neuropeptide Y Y5-receptor activation on breast cancer cells acts as a paracrine system that stimulates VEGF expression and secretion to promote angiogenesis. Peptides 2013; 48:106-13. [PMID: 23932937 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating data implicate a pathological role for sympathetic neurotransmitters like neuropeptide Y (NPY) in breast cancer progression. Our group and others reported that NPY promotes proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells, however the angiogenic potential of NPY in breast cancer is unknown. Herein we sought to determine if NPY promotes angiogenesis in vitro by increasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and release from 4T1 breast cancer cells. Western blot analysis revealed that NPY treatment caused a 52 ± 14% increase in VEGF expression in the 4T1 cells compared to non-treated controls. Using selective NPY Y-receptor agonists (Y1R, Y2R and Y5R) we observed an increase in VEGF expression only when cells were treated with Y5R agonist. Congruently, using selective Y1R, Y2R, or Y5R antagonists, NPY-induced increases in VEGF expression in 4T1 cells were attenuated only under Y5R antagonism. Endothelial tube formation assays were conducted using conditioned media (CM) from NPY treated 4T1 cells. Concentration-dependent increases in number of branch points and complete endothelial networks were observed in HUVEC exposed to NPY CM. CM from Y5R agonist treated 4T1 cells caused similar increases in number of branch points and complete endothelial networks. VEGF concentration was quantified in CM (ELISA) from agonist experiments; we observed a 2-fold and 2.5-fold increase in VEGF release from NPY and Y5R agonist treated 4T1 cells respectively. Overall these data highlight a novel mechanism by which NPY may promote breast cancer progression, and further implicate a pathological role of the NPY Y5R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Medeiros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Schmid E, Nogalo M, Bechrakis NE, Fischer-Colbrie R, Tasan R, Sperk G, Theurl M, Beer AGE, Kirchmair R, Herzog H, Troger J. Secretoneurin, substance P and neuropeptide Y in the oxygen-induced retinopathy in C57Bl/6N mice. Peptides 2012; 37:252-7. [PMID: 22884536 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the proangiogenic neuropeptides secretoneurin (SN), substance P (SP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) contribute to the development of abnormal neovascularization in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model in mice. By exposing litters of C57Bl/6N mice to 75% oxygen from postnatal day 7 (P7) until postnatal day 11 (P11) and then returning them to normoxic conditions, retinal ischemia and subsequent neovascularization on the retinal surface were induced. Retinae were dissected on P9, P11, P12-P14, P16 and P20, and the concentrations of SN, SP, NPY and VEGF determined by radioimmunoassay or ELISA. The levels of SN and SP increased in controls from P9 until P16 and from P9 until P14, respectively, whereas the levels of NPY were high at P9 and decreased thereafter until P20, suggesting that NPY may participate in the development of the retina. However, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and the NPY-Y2 receptor were not detectable in the immature retina indicating that NPY is not involved in the physiological vascularization in the retina. Compared to controls, OIR had no effect on the levels of SN, whereas levels of both SP and NPY slightly decreased during hyperoxia. Normalization of the levels of SP, and to a more pronounced extent of NPY, was significantly delayed during relative hypoxia. This clearly indicates that these three neuropeptides are not involved in the pathogenesis of neovascularization in OIR. Moreover, since there were no differences in the expression of two vessel markers in the retina of NPY knockout mice versus controls at P14, NPY is also not involved in the delayed development of the intermediate and deep vascular plexus in the retina in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Schmid
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Neuropeptide Y improves myocardial perfusion and function in a swine model of hypercholesterolemia and chronic myocardial ischemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:891-8. [PMID: 22982235 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologically induced angiogenesis could be a promising option in clinical situations with diffuse inoperable coronary artery disease e.g. metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. The failure of focused cytokine, stem cell and gene therapies to achieve both perfusion and functional improvement in clinical trials suggests a more centralized control mechanism. Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) is one such natural neurotransmitter that is known to exert a multifaceted role during neo-angiogenesis and can possibly act as the central control. To date, the ability to harness the 'master switch' nature of NPY in a specific experimental model of metabolic syndrome and chronic myocardial ischemia has not been conclusively demonstrated. We hypothesized that infiltration of NPY into an area of chronic ischemia in a metabolic syndrome swine model would induce angiogenesis and improve myocardial perfusion and function. An osmotic pump was inserted three weeks after surgical induction of focal myocardial ischemia. We delivered either NPY or placebo for five weeks, after which the myocardial tissue was harvested for analysis. Assessments of myocardial perfusion and function were performed at each stage of the experiment. Local infiltration of NPY significantly improved collateral vessel formation, blood flow and myocardial function. We believe activation of NPY receptors may be a potential target therapy for patients with diffuse coronary artery disease.
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25
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Gilaberte Y, Roca MJ, Garcia-Prats MD, Coscojuela C, Arbues MD, Vera-Alvarez JJ. Neuropeptide Y expression in cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 66:e201-8. [PMID: 21620518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely found in the nervous system and has a role in numerous physiologic processes. In addition, NPY receptors are expressed in neuroendocrine tumors, breast cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, and some types of sarcomas. Different neuropeptides, particularly α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of melanoma. OBJECTIVE We sought to analyze the expression of NPY in cutaneous melanoma, its association with clinical and histologic features, and its correlation with α-MSH. METHODS This was an observational study of the immunohistochemical expression of NPY and α-MSH in tissue samples of cutaneous melanomas, different types of melanocytic nevi, and melanoma metastases diagnosed from 2004 to 2008 in San Jorge Hospital, Huesca, Spain. RESULTS A total of 184 lesions were studied: 49 primary cutaneous melanomas, 12 melanoma metastases (9 cutaneous and 3 lymphatic), and 123 melanocytic nevi. Immunostaining revealed that levels of NPY and α-MSH were significantly higher in melanomas than in melanocytic nevi (P < .001). Melanoma metastases were negative for both neuropeptides. Nodular melanomas showed the highest median percentage of NPY positive cells (75% [20-95]) followed by superficial spreading melanoma (25% [2-92]), whereas lentigo maligna were negative (0% [0-0]). Significant, direct associations between NPY expression and vertical growth (P = .0141) and presence of metastasis (P = .0196) were observed. NPY and α-MSH were positively correlated in cutaneous melanoma (0.49, P < .001). LIMITATIONS The sample size of melanomas was not very large. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that NPY is significantly expressed in melanomas, especially the nodular type, being associated with invasiveness independently of proliferative markers such as thickness, ulceration, and mitotic index.
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Li L, Najafi AH, Kitlinska JB, Neville R, Laredo J, Epstein SE, Burnett MS, Zukowska Z. Of mice and men: neuropeptide Y and its receptors are associated with atherosclerotic lesion burden and vulnerability. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2011; 4:351-62. [PMID: 21468772 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-011-9271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic and platelet-derived vascular mitogen and angiogenic factor, has been implicated in atherosclerosis in animal and human genetic studies. Here we evaluate its association with human and murine atherosclerosis, and assess the role of platelet-derived NPY in lesion vulnerability. NPY immunoreactivity (NPY-ir) was measured in the platelet-poor and platelet-rich (PRP) plasmas, and NPY receptors (mitogenic Y1R and angiogenic Y2 and Y5Rs), CD26/DPPIV (a protease forming Y2/Y5-selective agonist), CD31-positive vascularity, and lesion morphology assessed by histo- and immunocyto-chemistry-in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and healthy volunteers, and in lard-fed ApoE-/- mice. NPY and NPY-R immunostaining was greater in lesions from PAD patients compared to normal vessels of healthy volunteers (p < 0.001), and localized to smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and adventitial/neovascular endothelial cells. CD26/DPPIV staining co-localized with CD31-positive endothelial cells only in atherosclerotic lesions. NPY-ir in PRP (but not plasma) and vascular immunostaining was higher (p < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively) in men (not women) with PAD compared to healthy subjects. A similar gender specificity was observed in mice. PRP NPY-ir levels correlated with lesion area (p = 0.03), necrotic core area, and the necrotic core-to-lesion area ratio (p < 0.01) in male, but not female, mice. Also males with neovascularized lesions had higher PRP NPY-ir levels than those lacking lesion microvessels (p < 0.05). NPY and its Rs are up-regulated in human and murine atherosclerotic lesions suggesting pathogenic role. DPPIV expression by microvascular endothelium in atherosclerotic tissue may shift NPY's affinity toward angiogenic Y2/Y5Rs, and thus enhance angiogenesis and lesion vulnerability. Remarkably, plaque neovascularization was associated with increased NPY-ir in PRP in males but not females, suggesting that platelet NPY may be a novel mediator/marker of lesion vulnerability particularly in males, for reasons that remain to be determined. Both animal and human data suggest that NPY is an important contributor to, and platelet NPY-ir a marker of, atherosclerotic lesion burden and vulnerability but only in males, perhaps due to androgen-dependent up-regulation of NPY, previously shown in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Pankajakshan D, Jia G, Pipinos I, Tyndall SH, Agrawal DK. Neuropeptide Y receptors in carotid plaques of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients: effect of inflammatory cytokines. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 90:280-6. [PMID: 21352822 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cytokines released by the immune cells at the site of plaque milieu induce smooth muscle cell apoptosis to promote plaque instability. But, neuropeptide Y (NPY), a pleotropic factor, may modulate the effects of cytokines in atherosclerotic plaques of patients with carotid stenosis. Our aim was to investigate the relative expression of NPY-Y1, NPY-Y2 and NPY-Y5 receptors on carotid plaque vascular smooth muscle cells (pVSMCs) of symptomatic (S) and asymptomatic (AS) patients and examine the effect of inflammatory cytokines on the expression of NPY receptors, that may attenuate plaque rupture. METHODS AND RESULTS In healthy carotid artery, there were significantly increased immunopositivity and increased mRNA transcripts of NPY-Y1 and NPY-Y5 receptors in thin sections and isolated VSMCs, respectively, compared to S and AS plaques. However, the NPY-Y2 expression was higher in S and AS pVSMCs than controls. Stimulation of the cells with TNF-α, IL-12 or IFN-γ (50 ng/ml) decreased mRNA transcripts of NPY-Y1 and NPY-Y5 and increased NPY-Y2 mRNAs in VSMCs of healthy carotid artery. The effect of the cytokines on mRNA transcripts of NPY-Y5 and NPY-Y2 in pVSMCs of S and AS patients was similar to healthy VSMCs, but with variable effect on NPY-Y1. CONCLUSION Increased expression of NPY-Y2 receptors in symptomatic pVSMCs than in healthy and asymptomatic subjects suggests a potential role of NPY-Y2 in plaque instability. This is further supported by the pronounced effect of atheroma-associated cytokines to increase NPY-Y2 mRNA transcripts in pVSMCs of patients with carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Pankajakshan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 gene polymorphism interacts with plasma neuropeptide Y levels in predicting left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients. J Hypertens 2010; 28:1745-51. [PMID: 20543711 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833bd21b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a sympathetic neurotransmitter that acts on multiple receptors involved in cardiovascular remodelling and angiogenesis. Plasma levels of NPY are increased in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and are independently related to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and incident cardiovascular events in these patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between NPY receptor Y2 gene polymorphism and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) as well as the interaction between this polymorphism and plasma NPY in determining LVH in 189 ESRD patients. RESULTS LVMI was significantly higher (+12%, P = 0.03) in patients carrying the C allele than in those without C allele and was linearly associated with plasma NPY (P = 0.01). Interaction analysis showed a significant NPY-LVMI relationship in patients with the C allele, both at univariate (r = 0.27, P = 0.001) and multivariate (r = 0.21, P = 0.01) analyses, whereas no such relationship existed in patients without this allele. In fully adjusted analyses, a 10 pmol/l increase in plasma NPY entailed a 4.9 g/m increase in LVMI in patients with C allele, whereas the same change in NPY levels did not modify the NPY-LVMI link in patients without such allele (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION NPY receptor Y2 polymorphism is independently associated with LVMI and interacts with plasma levels of NPY in explaining the variability of LVH in ESRD. These results offer a genetic basis to the hypothesis that NPY is causally implicated in the pathogenetic pathway leading to LVH in ESRD patients.
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Abe K, Kuo L, Zukowska Z. Neuropeptide Y is a mediator of chronic vascular and metabolic maladaptations to stress and hypernutrition. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:1179-84. [PMID: 20881322 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.009136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a central neuromodulator and peripheral sympathetic neurotransmitter that also has important regulatory roles in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, immune and metabolic functions during stress. Focusing on the peripheral actions of the peptide in rodent models, we summarize recent studies from our laboratory demonstrating that stress-induced release of NPY mediates accelerated atherosclerosis/restenosis, obesity and metabolic-like syndrome, particularly when combined with a high fat, high sugar diet. In this review, we propose mechanisms of NPY's actions, its receptors and cellular substrates that increase the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases when chronic stress is associated with pre-existing vascular injury and/or states of hypernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Abe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Long H, Ahmed M, Ackermann P, Stark A, Li J. Neuropeptide Y innervation during fracture healing and remodeling. A study of angulated tibial fractures in the rat. Acta Orthop 2010; 81:639-46. [PMID: 20860441 PMCID: PMC3214756 DOI: 10.3109/17453674.2010.504609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Autonomic neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in local bone remodeling via the central nervous system. However, the role of peripheral neuronal NPY in fracture healing is not known. We investigated the relationship between bone healing and side-specific occurrence of NPY in angular and straight fractures. METHODS Tibial fractures in Sprague-Dawley rats were fixed with intramedullary pins in straight alignment and anterior angulation. The samples were analyzed by radiography, histology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) between 3 and 56 days postfracture. RESULTS In the angular fractures, radiography and histology showed a 3.5-fold increase in callus thickness on the concave side compared to the convex side at day 21, whereas a 0.2-fold reduction in callus thickness was seen on the convex side between days 21 and 56. IHC showed regenerating NPY fibers in the callus and woven bone in both fractures at day 7. In angular fractures, a 5-fold increase in NPY fibers was observed on the concave side compared to the convex side at 7 days, whereas a 6-fold increase in NPY fibers was seen on the convex side between 21 and 56 days; only a 0.1-fold increase in NPY fibers was seen on the concave side during the same time period. In straight fractures, similar bony and neuronal changes were observed on both sides. INTERPRETATION The increase in NPY innervation on the convex side appears to correlate with the loss of callus thickness on the same side in angular fractures. Our results highlight the probable function of the peripheral NPY system in local bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Long
- Section of Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, StockholmSweden
| | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Section of Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, StockholmSweden
| | - Paul Ackermann
- Section of Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, StockholmSweden
| | - André Stark
- Section of Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, StockholmSweden
| | - Jian Li
- Section of Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, StockholmSweden
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Takasawa W, Ohnuma K, Hatano R, Endo Y, Dang NH, Morimoto C. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 regulates microvascular endothelial growth induced by inflammatory cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:7-12. [PMID: 20828536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CD26/DPP-4 is abundantly expressed on capillary of inflamed lesion as well as effector T cells. Recently, CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition has been used as a novel oral therapeutic approach for patients with type 2 diabetes. While accumulating data indicate that vascular inflammation is a key feature of both micro- and macro-vascular complications in diabetes, the direct role of CD26/DPP-4 in endothelial biology is to be elucidated. We herein showed that proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1 reduce expression of CD26 on microvascular endothelial cells, and that genetical or pharmacological inhibition of CD26/DPP-4 enhances endothelial growth both in vitro and in vivo. With DPP-4 inhibitors being used widely in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, our data strongly suggest that DPP-4 inhibition plays a pivotal role in endothelial growth and may have a potential role in the recovery of local circulation following diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Takasawa
- Division of Clinical Immunology, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Abstract
Neuroblastomas are pediatric tumors which develop from sympathetic precursors and express neuronal proteins, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY). NPY is a sympathetic neurotransmitter acting via multiple receptors (Y1-Y5R). Both NPY and Y2Rs are commonly expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines and tissues. The peptide secreted from neuroblastomas stimulates tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Since both processes are Y2R-mediated, the goal of this study was to assess Y2R as a potential therapeutic target for neuroblastoma. In vitro, Y2R antagonist (BIIE0246) prevented activation of p44/42 MAPK induced by endogenous NPY, which resulted in decreased proliferation and induction of Bim-mediated apoptosis. Similar growth-inhibitory effects were achieved with NPY siRNA and Y2R siRNA. In vivo, Y2R antagonist significantly inhibited growth of SK-N-BE(2) and SK-N-AS xenografts, which was associated with decreased activation of p44/42 MAPK, as well as reduced proliferation (Ki67) and increased apoptosis (TUNEL). The Y2R antagonist also exerted an anti-angiogenic effect. In vitro, it reduced the proliferation of endothelial cells induced by neuroblastoma-conditioned media. Consequently, the Y2R antagonist-treated xenografts had decreased vascularization and a high degree of focal fibrosis. In human neuroblastoma tissues, the expression of Y2R was observed in both tumor and endothelial cells, while NPY was predominantly expressed in neuroblastoma cells. In summary, Y2R is a promising new target for neuroblastoma therapy affecting both cancer cells and tumor vasculature.
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Tilan J, Kitlinska J. Sympathetic Neurotransmitters and Tumor Angiogenesis-Link between Stress and Cancer Progression. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:539706. [PMID: 20508839 PMCID: PMC2874925 DOI: 10.1155/2010/539706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence supports a longstanding hypothesis that chronic stress can influence tumor growth and progression. It has been shown that sympathetic neurotransmitters, such as catecholamines and neuropeptides, can affect both cancer cell growth and tumor vascularization. Depending on neurotransmitter and type of tumor, these effects can be both stimulatory and inhibitory. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) are potent stimulators of vascularization, acting both by inducing the release of angiogenic factors from tumor cells and directly on endothelial cell (EC) functions. As a result, activation of the adrenergic system increases growth of various types of tumors and has been shown to mediate stress-induced augmentation of tumor progression. Dopamine (DA), on the other hand, interferes with VEGF signaling in endothelial cells, blocks its angiogenic functions and inhibits tumor growth. Another sympathetic neurotransmitter coreleased with NE, neuropeptide Y (NPY), directly stimulates angiogenesis. However, proangiogenic actions of NPY can be altered by its direct effect on tumor cell proliferation and survival. In consequence, NPY can either stimulate or inhibit tumor growth, depending on tumor type. Hence, sympathetic neurotransmitters are powerful modulators of tumor growth and can become new targets in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tilan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Georgetown University, Basic Science Building 231A, 3900 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Georgetown University, Basic Science Building 231A, 3900 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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In vitro and in vivo characterization of JNJ-31020028 (N-(4-{4-[2-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridin-3-ylbenzamide), a selective brain penetrant small molecule antagonist of the neuropeptide Y Y(2) receptor. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 208:265-77. [PMID: 19953226 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The lack of potent, selective, brain penetrant Y(2) receptor antagonists has hampered in vivo functional studies of this receptor. OBJECTIVE Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo characterization of JNJ-31020028 (N-(4-{4-[2-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridin-3-ylbenzamide), a novel Y(2) receptor antagonist. METHODS The affinity of JNJ-31020028 was determined by inhibition of the PYY binding to human Y(2) receptors in KAN-Ts cells and rat Y(2) receptors in rat hippocampus. The functional activity was determined by inhibition of PYY-stimulated calcium responses in KAN-Ts cells expressing a chimeric G protein Gqi5 and in the rat vas deferens (a prototypical Y(2) bioassay). Ex vivo receptor occupancy was revealed by receptor autoradiography. JNJ-31020028 was tested in vivo with microdialysis, in anxiety models, and on corticosterone release. RESULTS JNJ-31020028 bound with high affinity (pIC(50) = 8.07 +/- 0.05, human, and pIC(50) = 8.22 +/- 0.06, rat) and was >100-fold selective versus human Y(1), Y(4), and Y(5) receptors. JNJ-31020028 was demonstrated to be an antagonist (pK(B) = 8.04 +/- 0.13) in functional assays. JNJ-31020028 occupied Y(2) receptor binding sites (approximately 90% at 10 mg/kg) after subcutaneous administration in rats. JNJ-31020028 increased norepinephrine release in the hypothalamus, consistent with the colocalization of norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y. In a variety of anxiety models, JNJ-31020028 was found to be ineffective, although it did block stress-induced elevations in plasma corticosterone, without altering basal levels, and normalized food intake in stressed animals without affecting basal food intake. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Y(2) receptors may not be critical for acute behaviors in rodents but may serve modulatory roles that can only be elucidated under specific situational conditions.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Much has been documented in recent years on the possible involvement of angiogenesis in osteoarthritis. An understanding of the various regulatory mechanisms controlling blood vessel growth in the joint should lead to novel therapeutics, which selectively inhibit undesirable angiogenesis. Here, we summarize recent findings on the roles of angiogenesis in osteoarthritis and place this evidence in the context of previous literature in order to help explain pain and disease progression. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammation and angiogenesis are closely associated in osteoarthritis, modulating functions of chondrocytes, contributing towards abnormal tissue growth and perfusion, ossification and endochondral bone development, leading to radiographic changes observed in the joint. Innervation accompanies vascularization and inflammation, hypoxia and mechanical overload are all thought to contribute in sensitizing these new nerves leading to increased pain. Articular cartilage provides a unique environment in which blood vessel growth is regulated by endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors and matrix constituents, as well as by growth factors produced by chondrocytes, subchondral bone and synovium. MRI and ultrasound enable the in-vivo visualization of abnormal vascularity in synovium and subchondral bone that have not been apparent with conventional radiography. As a result of these new findings, the widely accepted notion that osteoarthritis is primarily a disease of the cartilage is being challenged. SUMMARY Molecular mechanisms and consequences of angiogenesis in osteoarthritis are slowly being elucidated. Studies, both in humans and animal models, support the notion that inhibiting angiogenesis will provide effective therapeutic strategies for treating osteoarthritis. Better techniques that can more precisely visualize the vascular changes of the whole joint can further enhance our understanding of osteoarthritis, and can provide proof of concept and early evidence of efficacy in trials of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Parker SL, Parker MS, Estes AM, Wong YY, Sah R, Sweatman T, Park EA, Balasubramaniam A, Sallee FR. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptors are largely dimeric in the kidney, but monomeric in the forebrain. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2008; 28:245-63. [PMID: 18569526 DOI: 10.1080/10799890802084341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y(NPY) Y2 receptors are detected largely as dimers in the clonal expressions in CHO cells and in particulates from rabbit kidney cortex. However, in two areas of the forebrain (rat or rabbit piriform cortex and hypothalamus), these receptors are found mainly as monomers. Evidence is presented that this difference relates to large levels of G proteins containing the Gi alpha -subunit in the forebrain areas. The predominant monomeric status of these Y2 receptors should also be physiologically linked to large synaptic inputs of the agonist NPY. The rabbit kidney and the human CHO cell-expressed Y2 dimers are converted by agonists to monomers in vitro at a similar rate in the presence of divalent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.
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An illustration of the potential for mapping MRI/MRS parameters with genetic over-expression profiles in human prostate cancer. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 21:411-21. [PMID: 18752015 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-008-0133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR spectroscopy can probe a variety of physiological (e.g. blood vessel permeability) and metabolic characteristics of prostate cancer. However, little is known about the changes in gene expression that underlie the spectral and imaging features observed in prostate cancer. Tumor induced changes in vascular permeability and angiogenesis are thought to contribute to patterns of dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI images of prostate cancer even though the genetic basis of tumor vasculogenesis is complex and the specific mechanisms underlying these DCEMRI features have not yet been determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to identify the changes in gene expression that correspond to MRS and DCEMRI patterns in human prostate cancers, we have utilized tissue print micropeel techniques to generate "whole mount" molecular maps of radical prostatectomy specimens that correspond to pre-surgical MRI/MRS studies. These molecular maps include RNA expression profiles from both Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qrt-PCR) analysis, as well as immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS Using these methods on patients with prostate cancer, we found robust over-expression of choline kinase a in the majority of primary tumors. We also observed overexpression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), a newly identified angiogenic factor, in a subset of prostate cancers, visualized on DCEMRI. CONCLUSION These studies set the stage for establishing MRI/MRS parameters as validated biomarkers for human prostate cancer.
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Abstract
We briefly survey the current knowledge and concepts regarding structure and function of the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor and its agonists, especially as related to pharmacology of the receptor and its roles in pathological processes. Specific structural features are considered that could be responsible for the known compartmentalization and participation of the receptor in cell and tissue organization. This is further discussed in relation to changes of levels of the Y2 receptor in pathological conditions (especially in epilepsy and drug abuse), to endocytosis and recycling, and to participation in wound healing, retinopathy and angiogenesis. Properties of the receptor and of Y2 agonists are considered and reviewed in connection to the negative regulation of transmitter release, feeding, mood and social behavior. The possible involvement of the Y2 receptor in diabetes, carcinogenesis and bone formation is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Callanan EY, Lee EW, Tilan JU, Winaver J, Haramati A, Mulroney SE, Zukowska Z. Renal and cardiac neuropeptide Y and NPY receptors in a rat model of congestive heart failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F1811-7. [PMID: 17804485 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00191.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is coreleased with norepinephrine and stimulates vasoconstriction, vascular and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via Y1 receptors (R) and angiogenesis via Y2R. Although circulating NPY is elevated in heart failure, NPY's role remains unclear. Activation of the NPY system was determined in Wistar rats with the aortocaval (A-V) fistula model of high-output heart failure. Plasma NPY levels were elevated in A-V fistula animals (115.7 +/- 15.3 vs. 63.1 +/- 17.4 pM in sham, P < 0.04). Animals either compensated [urinary Na(+) excretion returning to normal with moderate disease (COMP)] or remained decompensated with severe cardiac and renal failure (urinary Na(+) excretion <0.5 meq/day), increased heart weight, decreased mean arterial pressure and renal blood flow (RBF), and death within 5-7 days (DECOMP). Cardiac and renal tissue NPY decreased with heart failure, proportionate to the severity of renal complications. Cardiac and renal Y1R mRNA expression also decreased (1.5-fold, P < 0.005) in rats with heart failure. In contrast, Y2R expression increased up to 72-fold in the heart and 5.7-fold in the kidney (P < 0.001) proportionate to severity of heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy. Changes in receptor expression were confirmed since the Y1R agonist, [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY, had no effect on RBF, whereas the Y2R agonist (13-36)-NPY increased RBF to compensate for disease. Thus, in this model of heart failure, cardiac and renal NPY Y1 receptors decrease and Y2 receptors increase, suggesting an increased effect of NPY on the receptors involved in cardiac remodeling and angiogenesis, and highlighting an important regulatory role of NPY in congestive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean Y Callanan
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown Univ. Medical Center, Box 571460, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Salo P, Bray R, Seerattan R, Reno C, McDougall J, Hart DA. Neuropeptides regulate expression of matrix molecule, growth factor and inflammatory mediator mRNA in explants of normal and healing medial collateral ligament. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 142:1-6. [PMID: 17292490 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Revised: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Denervation degrades normal ligament properties and impairs ligament healing. This suggests that secreted neuromediators, such as neuropeptides, could be modulating cell metabolism in ligament and scar tissue. To test this hypothesis we investigated the effect of exogenous substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the mRNA levels for proteins associated with inflammation, angiogenesis, and matrix production in tissue-cultured specimens of normal and injured medial collateral ligament. SP and NPY induced increased mRNA levels for several inflammatory mediators in the 2-week post-injury specimens. All three neuropeptides induced decreases in mRNA levels for healing-associated growth factors and matrix molecules, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and collagen types I and III. The results indicate that neuropeptides strongly influence the metabolic activity of cells in healing ligament, particularly at early time points after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Salo
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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41
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Ribatti D, Conconi MT, Nussdorfer GG. Nonclassic Endogenous Novel Regulators of Angiogenesis. Pharmacol Rev 2007; 59:185-205. [PMID: 17540906 DOI: 10.1124/pr.59.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process through which new blood vessels arise from preexisting ones, is regulated by several "classic" factors, among which the most studied are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In recent years, investigations showed that, in addition to the classic factors, numerous endogenous peptides play a relevant regulatory role in angiogenesis. Such regulatory peptides, each of which exerts well-known specific biological activities, are present, along with their receptors, in the blood vessels and may take part in the control of the "angiogenic switch." An in vivo and in vitro proangiogenic effect has been demonstrated for erythropoietin, angiotensin II (ANG-II), endothelins (ETs), adrenomedullin (AM), proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), urotensin-II, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, neuropeptide-Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), and substance P. There is evidence that the angiogenic action of some of these peptides is at least partly mediated by their stimulating effect on VEGF (ANG-II, ETs, PAMP, resistin, VIP and PACAP) and/or FGF-2 systems (PAMP and leptin). AM raises the expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, but VEGF blockade does not affect the proangiogenic action of AM. Other endogenous peptides have been reported to exert an in vivo and in vitro antiangiogenic action. These include somatostatin and natriuretic peptides, which suppress the VEGF system, and ghrelin, that antagonizes FGF-2 effects. Investigations on "nonclassic" regulators of angiogenesis could open new perspectives in the therapy of diseases coupled to dysregulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Kuo LE, Abe K, Zukowska Z. Stress, NPY and vascular remodeling: Implications for stress-related diseases. Peptides 2007; 28:435-40. [PMID: 17241699 PMCID: PMC1868452 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has long been known to be involved in stress, centrally as an anxiolytic neuromodulator, and peripherally as a sympathetic nerve- and in some species, platelet-derived vasoconstrictor. The peptide is also a vascular mitogen, via Y1/Y5, and is angiogenic via Y2/Y5 receptors. Arterial injury activates platelet NPY and vascular Y1 receptors, inducing medial hypertrophy and neointima formation. Exogenous NPY, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, forming an Y2/Y5-selective agonist) and chronic stress augment these effects and occlude vessels with atherosclerotic-like lesions, containing thrombus and lipid-laden macrophages. Y1 antagonist blocks stress-induced vasoconstriction and post-angioplasty occlusions, and hence may be therapeutic in angina and atherosclerosis/restenosis. Conversely, tissue ischemia activates neuronal and platelet-derived NPY, Y2/Y5 and DPPIV, which stimulate angiogenesis/arteriogenesis. NPY-Y2-DPPIV agonists may be beneficial for ischemic revascularization and wound healing, whereas antagonists may be therapeutic in retinopathy, tumors, and obesity. Since stress is an underestimated risk factor in many of these conditions, NPY-based drugs may offer new treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E Kuo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stress Physiology and Research Center (SPaRC), Georgetown University Medical Center, United States
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43
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Kitlinska J. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in neuroblastoma: effect on growth and vascularization. Peptides 2007; 28:405-12. [PMID: 17229489 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastomas are pediatric tumors of sympathetic origin, expressing neuronal markers, such as NPY and its receptors. Due to this, neuroblastomas are often associated with elevated plasma levels of NPY, which correlates with poor clinical outcome of the disease. This clinical data corroborates the recent discovery of growth-promoting actions of NPY in neuroblastomas. The peptide has been shown to stimulate proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in an autocrine manner and induce tumor vascularization. Since both processes are mediated by the same Y2 and Y5 receptors, targeting this pathway may be a potential bidirectional therapy for these children's tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Basic Science Building Rm. 234, Washington, DC 20057, United States.
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44
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Cruze CA, Su F, Limberg BJ, Deutsch AJ, Stoffolano PJ, Dai HJ, Buchanan DD, Yang HT, Terjung RL, Spruell RD, Mittelstadt SW, Rosenbaum JS. The Y2 receptor mediates increases in collateral-dependent blood flow in a model of peripheral arterial insufficiency. Peptides 2007; 28:269-80. [PMID: 17194505 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have utilized a rat model of peripheral artery disease (PAD) to examine whether the known angiogenic activity of the Y(2) receptor would translate into a meaningful increase in collateral blood flow. The maximal increase in collateral blood flow capacity of approximately 60% (p<0.001) was obtained with a 10microg/kgday (IA infusion, 14 days) of either PYY or PYY(3-36) and did not differ from that obtained with a maximally angiogenic dose of VEGF(165). Pharmacodynamic modeling based upon single dose pharmacokinetic plasma profiles of both agonists suggests that E(max) is reached when the Y(2) receptor is occupied by >or=50%. Furthermore, for PYY(3-36), occupancy of the Y(2) receptor is sufficient to promote a significant benefit in collateral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Cruze
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040-9317, USA
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45
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Ruscica M, Dozio E, Motta M, Magni P. Role of neuropeptide Y and its receptors in the progression of endocrine-related cancer. Peptides 2007; 28:426-34. [PMID: 17204352 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides, in addition to its many physiological actions, has also been involved in the modulation of tumor progression, with specific reference to endocrine-related cancers such as neuroendocrine tumors, breast and prostate cancers. These have been found either to express NPY receptors, or to secrete NPY-related peptides, or both. The study of the role of the NPY family of peptides in the biology of endocrine-related tumors, specifically concerning cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastatization, may help to clarify some aspects of tumor pathophysiology, as well as to indicate novel diagnostic markers and therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Ruscica
- Center for Endocrinological Oncology, Istituto di Endocrinologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
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46
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Kitlinska J, Kuo L, Abe K, Pons J, Yu M, Li L, Tilan J, Toretsky J, Zukowska Z. Role of neuropeptide Y and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in regulation of Ewing's sarcoma growth. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2006; 575:223-9. [PMID: 16700526 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-32824-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Hedenberg-Magnusson B, Brodda Jansen G, Ernberg M, Kopp S. Effects of isometric contraction on intramuscular level of neuropeptide Y and local pain perception. Acta Odontol Scand 2006; 64:360-7. [PMID: 17123913 DOI: 10.1080/00016350600856034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) is reported to increase in ischemic conditions and may thus be involved in chronic myalgia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isometric contraction on intramuscular levels of NPY in relation to local pain development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Intramuscular microdialysis was performed in the masseter and trapezius muscles to determine NPY levels before, during, and after isometric contraction in 16 healthy females. Pain intensity was assessed simultaneously with VAS. Repeated measures ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS The level of NPY in the trapezius muscle was increased during and after contraction, while there was no change in the masseter muscle. The level of NPY before contraction was higher in the masseter muscle than in the trapezius muscle, and the levels in the two muscles were correlated before and during contraction. Low-level pain in both muscles after probe insertion increased significantly during contraction, but the pain was not correlated to the NPY level. CONCLUSIONS Pain is developed in the trapezius and masseter muscles during repeated isometric contraction. The NPY level is increased in the trapezius muscle but is not associated with the pain development.
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Movafagh S, Hobson JP, Spiegel S, Kleinman HK, Zukowska Z. Neuropeptide Y induces migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells bimodally via Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors. FASEB J 2006; 20:1924-6. [PMID: 16891622 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4770fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously we discovered that NPY induces ischemic angiogenesis by activating Y2 and Y5 receptors. The receptors that mediate specific steps of the complex process of angiogenesis are unknown. Here, we studied in vitro NPY receptors subtypes involved in migration, proliferation, and differentiation of human endothelial cells. In cells that expressed Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors, NPY bimodally stimulated migration and proliferation with a 2-fold increase at 10(-12) M and 10(-8) M (high- and low-affinity peaks, respectively). Preincubation of cells with NPY up-regulated the Y5 receptor and markedly enhanced endothelial cell migration and proliferation. NPY-induced endothelial cell migration was mimicked by agonists and fully blocked by antagonists for any specific NPY receptors (Y1, Y2, or Y5), while proliferation was blocked by any two antagonists (Y1+Y2, Y1+Y5, or Y2+Y5), and capillary tube formation on Matrigel was blocked by all three (Y1+Y2+Y5). Thus, NPY-induced angiogenesis requires participation of Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptor subtypes, with the Y5 receptor acting as an enhancer. We propose that these receptors form heteromeric complexes, and the Y1/Y2/Y5 receptor oligomer may be the uncloned Y3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Movafagh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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49
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Kitlinska J. Neuropeptide Y in neural crest-derived tumors: effect on growth and vascularization. Cancer Lett 2006; 245:293-302. [PMID: 16513255 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 01/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a sympathetic neurotransmitter recently found to be a potent growth and angiogenic factor. The peptide and its receptors are abundant in neural crest-derived tumors, such as sympathetic neuroblastomas and pheochromocytomas, as well as parasympathetic Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. NPY regulates their growth directly, by an autocrine activation of tumor cell proliferation or apoptosis, and indirectly, by its angiogenic activity. The overall effect of the peptide on tumor growth depends on a balance between these processes and the type of receptors expressed in the tumor cells. Thus, NPY and its receptors may become targets for the treatment of neural tumors, directed against both tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue/pathology
- Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Neural Crest/metabolism
- Neural Crest/pathology
- Neuroblastoma/metabolism
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Neuroblastoma/physiopathology
- Neuropeptide Y/biosynthesis
- Neuropeptide Y/physiology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown Universitty Medical Center, Basic Science Building Rm. 234, Washington, DC 20057.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullamari Pesonen
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4B, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
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