1
|
Chiu YS, Wu KJ, Yu SJ, Wu KL, Wang YS, Lin J, Chu CY, Chen S, Chen H, Hsu SC, Wang Y, Chen YH. Peptide immunization against the C-terminal of alpha-synuclein reduces locomotor activity in mice overexpressing alpha-synuclein. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291927. [PMID: 37733672 PMCID: PMC10513202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) in the remaining nigra dopaminergic neurons is a common neuropathological feature found in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Antibody-based immunotherapy has been considered a potential approach for PD treatment. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of active immunization against αSyn in a mouse model of PD. Adult mice were immunized with or without a synthetic peptide containing the C-terminal residues of human αSyn and activation epitopes, followed by an intranigral injection of adeno-associated virus vectors for overexpressing human αSyn. Upon the peptide injection, αSyn-specific antibodies were raised, accompanied by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and motor deficits. Furthermore, the induction of neuroinflammation was postulated by the elevation of astroglial and microglial markers in the immunized mice. Instead of lessening αSyn toxicity, this peptide vaccine caused an increase in the pathogenic species of αSyn. Our data demonstrated the potential adverse effects of active immunization to raise antibodies against the C-terminal fragment of αSyn. This drawback highlights the need for further investigation to weigh the pros and cons of immunotherapy in PD. Applying the αSyn C-terminal peptide vaccine for PD treatment should be cautiously exercised. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay among immune intervention, αSyn accumulation, and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sung Chiu
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jen Wu
- National Health Research Institutes, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Zhunan, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Seong-Jin Yu
- National Health Research Institutes, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lieh Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering of I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Wang
- National Health Research Institutes, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Chu
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- National Health Research Institutes, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Chen
- National Health Research Institutes, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Immunology Research and Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yun Wang
- National Health Research Institutes, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- National Health Research Institutes, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Zhunan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kelly SH, Votaw NL, Cossette BJ, Wu Y, Shetty S, Shores LS, Issah LA, Collier JH. A sublingual nanofiber vaccine to prevent urinary tract infections. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq4120. [PMID: 36417519 PMCID: PMC9683704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major public health problem affecting millions of individuals each year. Recurrent UTIs are managed by long-term antibiotic use, making the alarming rise of antibiotic resistance a substantial threat to future UTI treatment. Extended antibiotic regimens may also have adverse effects on the microbiome. Here, we report the use of a supramolecular vaccine to provide long-term protection against uropathogenic Escherichia coli, which cause 80% of uncomplicated UTIs. We designed mucus-penetrating peptide-polymer nanofibers to enable sublingual (under the tongue) vaccine delivery and elicit antibody responses systemically and in the urogenital tract. In a mouse model of UTI, we demonstrate equivalent efficacy to high-dose oral antibiotics but with significantly less perturbation of the gut microbiome. We also formulate our vaccine as a rapid-dissolving sublingual tablet that raises response in mice and rabbits. Our approach represents a promising alternative to antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of UTIs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Design and development of a self-assembling protein nanoparticle displaying PfHAP2 antigenic determinants recognized by natural acquired antibodies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274275. [PMID: 36094917 PMCID: PMC9467374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds In order to move towards the elimination and eradication of malaria in the world, the development of vaccines is inevitable. Many modern vaccines are based on recombinant technology; however, they may not provide a fully protective, long-lasting immune response. One of the strategies to improve recombinant vaccines is designing the nanovaccines such as self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SAPNs). Hence, the presentation of epitopes in a repeat array and correct conformation should be considered. P. falciparum generative cell-specific 1 (PfGCS1) is a main transmission-blocking vaccine candidate with two highly conserved fragments, HAP2-GCS1 and cd loop, inducing partial malaria transmission inhibitory antibodies. Therefore, to design an effective malaria vaccine, we used cd loop and HAP2-GCS1 fragments at the amino and carboxy terminuses of the SAPN-forming amino acid sequence, respectively. Methodology/Principal findings The SAPN monomer (PfGCS1-SAPN) sequence was designed, and the three-dimensional (3D) structure was predicted. The result of this prediction ensured the presence of antigens on the SAPN surface. Then the accuracy of the predicted 3D structure and its stability were confirmed by 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The designed SAPN substructure sequence was synthesized, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli. With a gradual decrease in urea concentration in dialysis solutions, the purified proteins progressed to the final desired structure of the SAPN, which then was confirmed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) tests. According to the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), antigenic determinants were presented on the SAPN surface and interacted with antibodies in the serum of malaria patients. Conclusions/Significance Our results show that the SAPN formed by PfGCS1-SAPN has produced the correct shape and size, and the antigenic determinants are presented on the surface of the SAPN, which indicates that the designed SAPN has great potential to be used in the future as a malaria vaccine.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fragoso-Saavedra M, Ramírez-Estudillo C, Peláez-González DL, Ramos-Flores JO, Torres-Franco G, Núñez-Muñoz L, Marcelino-Pérez G, Segura-Covarrubias MG, González-González R, Ruiz-Medrano R, Xoconostle-Cázares B, Gayosso-Vázquez A, Reyes-Maya S, Ramírez-Andoney V, Alonso-Morales RA, Vega-López MA. Combined Subcutaneous-Intranasal Immunization With Epitope-Based Antigens Elicits Binding and Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Serum and Mucosae Against PRRSV-2 and SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:848054. [PMID: 35432364 PMCID: PMC9008747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New vaccine design approaches, platforms, and immunization strategies might foster antiviral mucosal effector and memory responses to reduce asymptomatic infection and transmission in vaccinated individuals. Here, we investigated a combined parenteral and mucosal immunization scheme to induce local and serum antibody responses, employing the epitope-based antigens 3BT and NG19m. These antigens target the important emerging and re-emerging viruses PRRSV-2 and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. We assessed two versions of the 3BT protein, which contains conserved epitopes from the GP5 envelope protein of PRRSV-2: soluble and expressed by the recombinant baculovirus BacDual-3BT. On the other hand, NG19m, comprising the receptor-binding motif of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, was evaluated as a soluble recombinant protein only. Vietnamese mini-pigs were immunized employing different inoculation routes: subcutaneous, intranasal, or a combination of both (s.c.-i.n.). Animals produced antigen-binding and neut1ralizing antibodies in serum and mucosal fluids, with varying patterns of concentration and activity, depending on the antigen and the immunization schedule. Soluble 3BT was a potent immunogen to elicit binding and neutralizing antibodies in serum, nasal mucus, and vaginal swabs. The vectored immunogen BacDual-3BT induced binding antibodies in serum and mucosae, but PRRSV-2 neutralizing activity was found in nasal mucus exclusively when administered intranasally. NG19m promoted serum and mucosal binding antibodies, which showed differing neutralizing activity. Only serum samples from subcutaneously immunized animals inhibited RBD-ACE2 interaction, while mini-pigs inoculated intranasally or via the combined s.c.-i.n. scheme produced subtle neutralizing humoral responses in the upper and lower respiratory mucosae. Our results show that intranasal immunization, alone or combined with subcutaneous delivery of epitope-based antigens, generates local and systemic binding and neutralizing antibodies. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the capability of the induced responses to prevent infection and reduce transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fragoso-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de las Mucosas, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carmen Ramírez-Estudillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de las Mucosas, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diana L Peláez-González
- Unidad de Producción y Experimentación de Animales de Laboratorio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge O Ramos-Flores
- Unidad de Producción y Experimentación de Animales de Laboratorio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Torres-Franco
- Unidad de Producción y Experimentación de Animales de Laboratorio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leandro Núñez-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Marcelino-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María G Segura-Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-González
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Medrano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Amanda Gayosso-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Silvia Reyes-Maya
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vianey Ramírez-Andoney
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio A Alonso-Morales
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco A Vega-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de las Mucosas, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahmoud A, Toth I, Stephenson R. Developing an Effective Glycan‐Based Vaccine for
Streptococcus Pyogenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Mahmoud
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Woolloongabba Australia
- School of Pharmacy The Universitry of Queensland St Lucia Australia
- Institue for Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
| | - Rachel Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahmoud A, Toth I, Stephenson R. Developing an Effective Glycan-based Vaccine for Streptococcus Pyogenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115342. [PMID: 34935243 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a primary infective agent that causes approximately 700 million human infections each year, resulting in more than 500,000 deaths. Carbohydrate-based vaccines are proven to be one of the most promising subunit vaccine candidates, as the bacterial glycan pattern(s) are different from mammalian cells and show increased pathogen serotype conservancy than the protein components. In this review we highlight reverse vaccinology for use in the development of subunit vaccines against S. pyogenes, and report reproducible methods of carbohydrate antigen production, in addition to the structure-immunogenicity correlation between group A carbohydrate epitopes and alternative vaccine antigen carrier systems. We also report recent advances used to overcome hurdles in carbohydrate-based vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Mahmoud
- The University of Queensland - Saint Lucia Campus: The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland - Saint Lucia Campus: The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - Rachel Stephenson
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 4068, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Se Thoe E, Fauzi A, Tang YQ, Chamyuang S, Chia AYY. A review on advances of treatment modalities for Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2021; 276:119129. [PMID: 33515559 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease which is mainly characterized by progressive impairment in cognition, emotion, language and memory in older population. Considering the impact of AD, formulations of pharmaceutical drugs and cholinesterase inhibitors have been widely propagated, receiving endorsement by FDA as a form of AD treatment. However, these medications were gradually discovered to be ineffective in removing the root of AD pathogenesis but merely targeting the symptoms so as to improve a patient's cognitive outcome. Hence, a search for better disease-modifying alternatives is put into motion. Having a clear understanding of the neuroprotective mechanisms and diverse properties undertaken by specific genes, antibodies and nanoparticles is central towards designing novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we provide a brief introduction on the background of Alzheimer's disease, the biology of blood-brain barrier, along with the potentials and drawbacks associated with current therapeutic treatment avenues pertaining to gene therapy, immunotherapy and nanotherapy for better diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewen Se Thoe
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ayesha Fauzi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Quan Tang
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sunita Chamyuang
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chaing Rai 57100, Thailand; Microbial Products and Innovation Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chaing Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Adeline Yoke Yin Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dai Y, Chen H, Zhuang S, Feng X, Fang Y, Tang H, Dai R, Tang L, Liu J, Ma T, Zhong G. Immunodominant regions prediction of nucleocapsid protein for SARS-CoV-2 early diagnosis: a bioinformatics and immunoinformatics study. Pathog Glob Health 2020; 114:463-470. [PMID: 33198594 PMCID: PMC7678408 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1838190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is sweeping the world and posing serious health problems. Rapid and accurate detection along with timely isolation is the key to control the epidemic. Nucleic acid test and antibody-detection have been applied in the diagnosis of COVID-19, while both have their limitations. Comparatively, direct detection of viral antigens in clinical specimens is highly valuable for the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. The nucleocapsid (N) protein is one of the predominantly expressed proteins with high immunogenicity during the early stages of infection. Here, we applied multiple bioinformatics servers to forecast the potential immunodominant regions derived from the N protein of SARS-CoV-2. Since the high homology of N protein between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, we attempted to leverage existing SARS-CoV immunological studies to develop SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic antibodies. Finally, N229-269, N349-399, and N405-419 were predicted to be the potential immunodominant regions, which contain both predicted linear B-cell epitopes and murine MHC class II binding epitopes. These three regions exhibited good surface accessibility and hydrophilicity. All were forecasted to be non-allergen and non-toxic. The final construct was built based on the bioinformatics analysis, which could help to develop an antigen-capture system for the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongzhi Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi Zhuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojing Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyuan Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haoneng Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruchun Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingli Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Tianmin Ma
- Asian International Collaboration, Waitemata District Health Board, New Zealand, Level 1 , Auckland, 15 Shea Terrace, 0622, New Zealand
| | - Guangming Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio,TX, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsai TH, Chang CY, Wang FI. A Highly Conserved Epitope (RNNQIPQDF) of Porcine teschovirus Induced a Group-Specific Antiserum: A Bioinformatics-Predicted Model with Pan-PTV Potential. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111225. [PMID: 33138189 PMCID: PMC7693897 DOI: 10.3390/v12111225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine teschovirus (PTV) is an OIE-listed pathogen with 13 known PTV serotypes. Heterologous PTV serotypes frequently co-circulate and co-infect with another swine pathogen, causing various symptoms in all age groups, thus highlighting the need for a pan-PTV diagnostic tool. Here, a recombinant protein composed of a highly conserved “RNNQIPQDF” epitope on the GH loop of VP1, predicted in silico, and a tandem repeat of this epitope carrying the pan DR (PADRE) and Toxin B epitopes was constructed to serve as a PTV detection tool. This recombinant GST-PADRE-(RNNQIPQDF)n-Toxin B protein was used as an immunogen, which effectively raised non-neutralizing or undetectable neutralizing antibodies against PTV in mice. The raised antiserum was reactive against all the PTV serotypes (PTV–1–7) tested, but not against members of the closely related genera Sapelovirus and Cardiovirus, and the unrelated virus controls. This potential pan-PTV diagnostic reagent may be used to differentiate naturally infected animals from vaccinated animals that have antibodies against a subunit vaccine that does not contain this epitope or to screen for PTV before further subtyping. To our knowledge, this is the first report that utilized in silico PTV epitope prediction to find a reagent broadly reactive to various PTV serotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Yi Chang
- OIE Reference Expert for CSF, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, No. 376, Chung Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (F.-I.W.); Fax: +886-2-2366-1475 (F.-I.W.)
| | - Fun-In Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (F.-I.W.); Fax: +886-2-2366-1475 (F.-I.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Almazán C, Šimo L, Fourniol L, Rakotobe S, Borneres J, Cote M, Peltier S, Mayé J, Versillé N, Richardson J, Bonnet SI. Multiple Antigenic Peptide-Based Vaccines Targeting Ixodes ricinus Neuropeptides Induce a Specific Antibody Response but Do Not Impact Tick Infestation. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110900. [PMID: 33126686 PMCID: PMC7693490 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic peptide vaccines were designed to target the neuropeptides innervating Ixodes ricinus salivary glands and hindgut and they were tested for their capacity to afford protective immunity against nymphs or larvae and Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected nymph infestation, in mice and sheep, respectively. In both models, the assembly of SIFamide (SIFa) or myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) neuropeptides into multiple antigenic peptide constructs (MAPs) elicited a robust IgG antibody response following immunization. Nevertheless, no observable detrimental impact on nymphs was evidenced in mice, and, unfortunately, the number of engorged nymphs on sheep was insufficient for firm conclusions to be drawn, including for bacterial transmission. Regarding larvae, while vaccination of the sheep did not globally diminish tick feeding success or development, analyses of animals at the individual level revealed a negative correlation between anti-SIFa and MIP antibody levels and larva-to-nymph molting success for both antigens. Our results provide a proof of principle and precedent for the use of MAPs for the induction of immunity against tick peptide molecules. Although the present study did not provide the expected level of protection, it inaugurates a new strategy for protection against ticks based on the immunological targeting of key components of their nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Almazán
- UMR BIPAR 0956, INRAE, National Veterinary School of Alfort, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.A.); (L.Š.); (L.F.); (S.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Ladislav Šimo
- UMR BIPAR 0956, INRAE, National Veterinary School of Alfort, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.A.); (L.Š.); (L.F.); (S.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Lisa Fourniol
- UMR BIPAR 0956, INRAE, National Veterinary School of Alfort, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.A.); (L.Š.); (L.F.); (S.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Sabine Rakotobe
- UMR BIPAR 0956, INRAE, National Veterinary School of Alfort, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.A.); (L.Š.); (L.F.); (S.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Jérémie Borneres
- SEPPIC Paris La Défense, 92250 La Garenne Colombes, France; (J.B.); (S.P.); (J.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Martine Cote
- UMR BIPAR 0956, INRAE, National Veterinary School of Alfort, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.A.); (L.Š.); (L.F.); (S.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Sandy Peltier
- SEPPIC Paris La Défense, 92250 La Garenne Colombes, France; (J.B.); (S.P.); (J.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Jennifer Mayé
- SEPPIC Paris La Défense, 92250 La Garenne Colombes, France; (J.B.); (S.P.); (J.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Nicolas Versillé
- SEPPIC Paris La Défense, 92250 La Garenne Colombes, France; (J.B.); (S.P.); (J.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- UMR Virologie 1161, INRAE, National Veterinary School of Alfort, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Sarah I. Bonnet
- UMR BIPAR 0956, INRAE, National Veterinary School of Alfort, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.A.); (L.Š.); (L.F.); (S.R.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Y, Tang K, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Cheng L, Zhang F, Zhuang R, Jin B, Zhang Y. Protective CD8 + T-cell response against Hantaan virus infection induced by immunization with designed linear multi-epitope peptides in HLA-A2.1/K b transgenic mice. Virol J 2020; 17:146. [PMID: 33028368 PMCID: PMC7538842 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An effective vaccine that prevents disease caused by hantaviruses is a global public health priority, but up to now, no vaccine has been approved for worldwide use. Therefore, novel vaccines with high prophylaxis efficacy are urgently needed. Methods Herein, we designed and synthesized Hantaan virus (HTNV) linear multi-epitope peptide consisting of HLA-A*02-restricted HTNV cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitope and pan HLA-DR-binding epitope (PADRE), and evaluated the immunogenicity, as well as effectiveness, of multi-epitope peptides in HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice with interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay, cytotoxic mediator detection, proliferation assay and HTNV-challenge test. Results The results showed that a much higher frequency of specific IFN-γ-secreting CTLs, high levels of granzyme B production, and a strong proliferation capacity of specific CTLs were observed in splenocytes of mice immunized with multi-epitope peptide than in those of a single CTL epitope. Moreover, pre-immunization of multi-epitope peptide could reduce the levels of HTNV RNA loads in the liver, spleen and kidneys of mice, indicating that specific CTL responses induced by multi-epitope peptide could reduce HTNV RNA loads in vivo. Conclusions This study may provide an important foundation for the development of novel peptide vaccines for HTNV prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Linfeng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sulczewski FB, Martino LA, Almeida BDS, Zaneti AB, Ferreira NS, Amorim KNDS, Yamamoto MM, Apostolico JDS, Rosa DS, Boscardin SB. Conventional type 1 dendritic cells induce T H 1, T H 1-like follicular helper T cells and regulatory T cells after antigen boost via DEC205 receptor. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1895-1911. [PMID: 32673408 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are specialized in antigen presentation. In the mouse spleen, cDCs are classified in cDC1s and cDC2s, and express DEC205 and DCIR2 endocytic receptors, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) αDEC205 (αDEC) and αDCIR2 have been fused to different antigens to deliver them to cDC1s or cDC2s. We immunized mice with αDEC and αDCIR2 fused to an antigen using Poly(I:C) as adjuvant. The initial immune response was analyzed from days 3 to 6 after the immunization. We also studied the influence of a booster dose. Our results showed that antigen targeting to cDC1s promoted a pro-inflammatory TH 1 cell response. Antigen targeting to cDC2s induced TFH cells, GCs, and plasma cell differentiation. After boost, antigen targeting to cDC1s improved the TH 1 cell response and induced TH 1-like TFH cells that led to an increase in specific antibody titers and IgG class switch. Additionally, a population of regulatory T cells was also observed. Antigen targeting to cDC2s did not improve the specific antibody response after boost. Our results add new information on the immune response induced after the administration of a booster dose with αDEC and αDCIR2 fusion mAbs. These results may be useful for vaccine design using recombinant mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Alves Martino
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca da Silva Almeida
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Baruel Zaneti
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Soares Ferreira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Massao Yamamoto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza Apostolico
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigaçao em Imunologia (iii), INCT, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigaçao em Imunologia (iii), INCT, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hsieh AH, Kuo CF, Chou IJ, Tseng WY, Chen YF, Yu KH, Luo SF. Human cytomegalovirus pp65 peptide-induced autoantibodies cross-reacts with TAF9 protein and induces lupus-like autoimmunity in BALB/c mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9662. [PMID: 32541894 PMCID: PMC7295797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been linked to the triggering of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We proposed that B cell epitope region of HCMV phosphoprotein 65 (HCMVpp65)422-439 mimics an endogenous antigen and initiates lupus-like autoimmunity. Amino acid homology between HCMVpp65422-439 and TAF9134-144 (TATA-box binding protein associated factor 9, TAF9) was investigated using a similarity search in NCBI protein BLAST program (BLASTP). A murine model was used to confirm their antigenicity and ability to induce lupus-like symptoms. HCMVpp65422-439 induced immune responses with the presence of specific antibodies against HCMVpp65422-439 and TAF9134-144, as well as anti-nuclear and anti-double-stranded (ds)DNA antibodies that are characteristic of SLE. In addition, the majority of HCMVpp65422-439 and TAF9134-144 immunized mice developed proteinuria, and their renal pathology revealed glomerulonephritis with typical abnormalities, such as mesangial hypercellularity and immune complex deposition. Immunoglobulin eluted from the glomeruli of HCMVpp65422-439 immunized mice showed cross-reactivity with TAF9134-144 and dsDNA. Increased anti-TAF9 antibody activity was also observed in the sera from SLE patients compared with healthy people and disease controls. Molecular mimicry between HCMVpp65 peptide and host protein has the potential to drive lupus-like autoimmunity. This proof-of-concept study highlights the mechanisms underlying the link between HCMV infection and the induction of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Ho Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - I-Jun Chou
- Division of Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Tseng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Kennedy Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yen-Fu Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hui Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Fen Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fan C, Long R, You Y, Wang J, Yang X, Huang S, Sheng Y, Peng X, Liu H, Wang Z, Liu K. A novel PADRE-Kv1.3 vaccine effectively induces therapeutic antibodies and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. Clin Immunol 2018; 193:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
15
|
Abstract
AIM Peptide-based vaccines are designed to carry the minimum required antigen to trigger the desired immune responses; however, they are usually poorly immunogenic and require appropriate delivery system. RESULTS Peptides, B-cell epitope (J14) derived from group A streptococcus M-protein and universal T-helper (PADRE) epitope, were conjugated to a variety of linear and branched polyacrylates. All produced conjugates formed submicron-sized particles and induced a high level of IgG titres in mice after subcutaneous immunization. These polymer-peptide conjugates demonstrated high opsonization capacity against group A streptococcus clinical isolates. CONCLUSION We have successfully demonstrated that submicron-sized polymer-peptide conjugates were capable of inducing strong humoral immune responses after single immunization.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The question of whether human tumors express antigens that can be recognized by the immune system has been answered with a resounding YES. Most were identified through spontaneous antitumor humoral and cellular immune responses found in cancer patients and include peptides, glycopeptides, phosphopeptides, viral peptides, and peptides resulting from common mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, or common gene fusion events. Many have been extensively tested as candidates for anticancer vaccines. More recently, attention has been focused on the potentially large number of unique tumor antigens, mutated neoantigens, that are the predicted products of the numerous mutations revealed by exome sequencing of primary tumors. Only a few have been confirmed as targets of spontaneous immunity and immunosurveillance, and even fewer have been tested in preclinical and clinical settings. The field has been divided for a long time on the relative importance of shared versus mutated antigens in tumor surveillance and as candidates for vaccines. This question will eventually need to be answered in a head to head comparison in well-designed clinical trials. One advantage that shared antigens have over mutated antigens is their potential to be used in vaccines for primary cancer prevention. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 347-54. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaba SA, Karch CP, Seth L, Ferlez KM, Storme CK, Pesavento DM, Laughlin PY, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Burkhard P, Lanar DE. Self-assembling protein nanoparticles with built-in flagellin domains increases protective efficacy of a Plasmodium falciparum based vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:906-914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
18
|
Antonialli R, Sulczewski FB, Amorim KNDS, Almeida BDS, Ferreira NS, Yamamoto MM, Soares IS, Ferreira LCDS, Rosa DS, Boscardin SB. CpG Oligodeoxinucleotides and Flagellin Modulate the Immune Response to Antigens Targeted to CD8α + and CD8α - Conventional Dendritic Cell Subsets. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1727. [PMID: 29255470 PMCID: PMC5723008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells essential for the induction of adaptive immune responses. Their unprecedented ability to present antigens to T cells has made them excellent targets for vaccine development. In the last years, a new technology based on antigen delivery directly to different DC subsets through the use of hybrid monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to DC surface receptors fused to antigens of interest opened new perspectives for the induction of robust immune responses. Normally, the hybrid mAbs are administered with adjuvants that induce DC maturation. In this work, we targeted an antigen to the CD8α+ or the CD8α− DC subsets in the presence of CpG oligodeoxinucleotides (ODN) or bacterial flagellin, using hybrid αDEC205 or αDCIR2 mAbs, respectively. We also accessed the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 5 and 9 signaling in the induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Wild-type and TLR5 or TLR9 knockout mice were immunized with two doses of the hybrid αDEC205 or αDCIR2 mAbs, as well as with an isotype control, together with CpG ODN 1826 or flagellin. A chimeric antigen containing the Plasmodium vivax 19 kDa portion of the merozoite surface protein (MSP119) linked to the Pan-allelic DR epitope was fused to each mAb. Specific CD4+ T cell proliferation, cytokine, and antibody production were analyzed. We found that CpG ODN 1826 or flagellin were able to induce CD4+ T cell proliferation, CD4+ T cells producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and specific antibodies when the antigen was targeted to the CD8α+ DC subset. On the other hand, antigen targeting to CD8α− DC subset promoted specific antibody responses and proliferation, but no detectable pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses. Also, specific antibody responses after antigen targeting to CD8α+ or CD8α− DCs were reduced in the absence of TLR9 or TLR5 signaling, while CD4+ T cell proliferation was mainly affected after antigen targeting to CD8α+ DCs and in the absence of TLR9 signaling. These results extend our understanding of the modulation of specific immune responses induced by antigen targeting to DCs in the presence of different adjuvants. Such knowledge may be useful for the optimization of DC-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Antonialli
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bianca da Silva Almeida
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Soares Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Massao Yamamoto
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene Silva Soares
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Baybutt TR, Aka AA, Snook AE. The Heat-Stable Enterotoxin Receptor, Guanylyl Cyclase C, as a Pharmacological Target in Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: A Bench-to-Bedside Current Report. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9090282. [PMID: 28914772 PMCID: PMC5618215 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is becoming a routine treatment modality in the oncology clinic, in spite of the fact that it is a relatively nascent field. The challenge in developing effective immunotherapeutics is the identification of target molecules that promote anti-tumor efficacy across the patient population while sparing healthy tissue from damaging autoimmunity. The intestinally restricted receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) is a target that has been investigated for the treatment of colorectal cancer and numerous animal, and clinical studies have demonstrated both efficacy and safety. Here, we describe the current state of GUCY2C-directed cancer immunotherapy and the future directions of this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R Baybutt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Allison A Aka
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Karch CP, Doll TAPF, Paulillo SM, Nebie I, Lanar DE, Corradin G, Burkhard P. The use of a P. falciparum specific coiled-coil domain to construct a self-assembling protein nanoparticle vaccine to prevent malaria. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:62. [PMID: 28877692 PMCID: PMC5588597 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The parasitic disease malaria remains a major global public health concern and no truly effective vaccine exists. One approach to the development of a malaria vaccine is to target the asexual blood stage that results in clinical symptoms. Most attempts have failed. New antigens such as P27A and P27 have emerged as potential new vaccine candidates. Multiple studies have demonstrated that antigens are more immunogenic and are better correlated with protection when presented on particulate delivery systems. One such particulate delivery system is the self-assembling protein nanoparticle (SAPN) that relies on coiled-coil domains of proteins to form stable nanoparticles. In the past we have used de novo designed amino acid domains to drive the formation of the coiled-coil scaffolds which present the antigenic epitopes on the particle surface. Results Here we use naturally occurring domains found in the tex1 protein to form the coiled-coil scaffolding of the nanoparticle. Thus, by engineering P27A and a new extended form of the coiled-coil domain P27 onto the N and C terminus of the SAPN protein monomer we have developed a particulate delivery system that effectively displays both antigens on a single particle that uses malaria tex1 sequences to form the nanoparticle scaffold. These particles are immunogenic in a murine model and induce immune responses similar to the ones observed in seropositive individuals in malaria endemic regions. Conclusions We demonstrate that our P27/P27A-SAPNs induce an immune response akin to the one in seropositive individuals in Burkina Faso. Since P27 is highly conserved among different Plasmodium species, these novel SAPNs may even provide cross-protection between Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax the two major human malaria pathogens. As the SAPNs are also easy to manufacture and store they can be delivered to the population in need without complication thus providing a low cost malaria vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Karch
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA
| | - Tais A P F Doll
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA
| | | | - Issa Nebie
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, 01 BP 2208, Ouagadougou, West Africa, Burkina Faso
| | - David E Lanar
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, USMMRP-WRAIR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Giampietro Corradin
- Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Burkhard
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA. .,Alpha-O Peptides AG, 4125, Riehen, Switzerland. .,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
El Bissati K, Zhou Y, Paulillo SM, Raman SK, Karch CP, Roberts CW, Lanar DE, Reed S, Fox C, Carter D, Alexander J, Sette A, Sidney J, Lorenzi H, Begeman IJ, Burkhard P, McLeod R. Protein nanovaccine confers robust immunity against Toxoplasma. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:24. [PMID: 29263879 PMCID: PMC5627305 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed and produced a self-assembling protein nanoparticle. This self-assembling protein nanoparticle contains five CD8+ HLA-A03-11 supertypes-restricted epitopes from antigens expressed during Toxoplasma gondii's lifecycle, the universal CD4+ T cell epitope PADRE, and flagellin as a scaffold and TLR5 agonist. These CD8+ T cell epitopes were separated by N/KAAA spacers and optimized for proteasomal cleavage. Self-assembling protein nanoparticle adjuvanted with TLR4 ligand-emulsion GLA-SE were evaluated for their efficacy in inducing IFN-γ responses and protection of HLA-A*1101 transgenic mice against T. gondii. Immunization, using self-assembling protein nanoparticle-GLA-SE, activated CD8+ T cells to produce IFN-γ. Self-assembling protein nanoparticle-GLA-SE also protected HLA-A*1101 transgenic mice against subsequent challenge with Type II parasites. Hence, combining CD8+ T cell-eliciting peptides and PADRE into a multi-epitope protein that forms a nanoparticle, administered with GLA-SE, leads to efficient presentation by major histocompatibility complex Class I and II molecules. Furthermore, these results suggest that activation of TLR4 and TLR5 could be useful for development of vaccines that elicit T cells to prevent toxoplasmosis in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal El Bissati
- Departments of OVS, The University of Chicago, 5841S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Departments of OVS, The University of Chicago, 5841S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | | | - Christopher P. Karch
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Craig W. Roberts
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE UK
| | - David E. Lanar
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Steve Reed
- Infectious Diseases Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E #400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Chris Fox
- Infectious Diseases Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E #400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Darrick Carter
- Infectious Diseases Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E #400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Jeff Alexander
- PaxVax, 3985-A Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Cir, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Cir, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Hernan Lorenzi
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9714 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Ian J. Begeman
- Departments of OVS, The University of Chicago, 5841S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Peter Burkhard
- Alpha-O Peptides AG, Lörracherstrasse 50, 4125 Riehen, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Rima McLeod
- Departments of OVS, The University of Chicago, 5841S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), The University of Chicago, 5841S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Snook AE, Baybutt TR, Hyslop T, Waldman SA. Preclinical Evaluation of a Replication-Deficient Recombinant Adenovirus Serotype 5 Vaccine Expressing Guanylate Cyclase C and the PADRE T-helper Epitope. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2017; 27:238-250. [PMID: 27903079 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2016.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for improved therapeutics for colorectal cancer, the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Adjuvant chemotherapy only marginally improves survival in some patients and has no benefit in others, underscoring the clinical opportunity for novel immunotherapeutic approaches to improve survival in colorectal cancer. In that context, guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) is an established biomarker and therapeutic target for metastatic colorectal cancer with immunological characteristics that promote durable antitumor efficacy without autoimmunity. Preliminary studies established non-replicating human type 5 adenovirus (Ad5) expressing GUCY2C as safe and effective to induce GUCY2C-specific immune responses and antitumor immunity in mice. This study characterized the biodistribution, immunogenicity, and safety of a vector expressing GUCY2C fused with the human CD4+ T helper cell epitope PADRE (Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE) to advance this vaccine into clinical trials in colorectal cancer patients. Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE levels were highest in the injection site and distributed in vivo primarily to draining lymph nodes, the liver, spleen and, unexpectedly, to the bone marrow. Immune responses following Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE administration were characterized by PADRE-specific CD4+ T-cell and GUCY2C-specific B-cell and CD8+ T-cell responses, producing antitumor immunity targeting GUCY2C-expressing colorectal cancer metastases in the lungs, without acute or chronic autoimmune or other toxicities. Collectively, these data support Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE as a safe and effective vaccination strategy in preclinical models and position Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE for Phase I clinical testing in colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Snook
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Trevor R Baybutt
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Terry Hyslop
- 2 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Scott A Waldman
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang L, Qiu W, Crooke S, Li Y, Abid A, Xu B, Finn M, Lin F. Development of Autologous C5 Vaccine Nanoparticles to Reduce Intravascular Hemolysis in Vivo. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:539-547. [PMID: 28045484 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is emerging as a new target for treating many diseases. For example, Eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against complement component 5 (C5), has been approved for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) in which patient erythrocytes are lysed by complement. In this study, we developed vaccines to elicit autologous anti-C5 antibody production in mice for complement inhibition. Immunization of mice with a conservative C5 xenoprotein raised high titers of IgG's against the xenogenous C5, but these antibodies did not reduce C5 activity in the blood. In contrast, an autologous mouse C5 vaccine containing multiple predicted epitopes together with a tolerance-breaking peptide was found to induce anti-C5 autoantibody production in vivo, resulting in decreased hemolytic activity in the blood. We further validated a peptide epitope within this C5 vaccine and created recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying this epitope fused with the tolerance breaking peptide. Immunizing mice with these novel nanoparticles elicited strong humoral responses against recombinant mouse C5, reduced hemolytic activity, and protected the mice from complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis in a model of PNH. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that autologous C5-based vaccines could be an effective alternative or supplement for treating complement-mediated diseases such as PNH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhang
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stephen Crooke
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Areeba Abid
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - M.G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
A phase 1, randomized, controlled dose-escalation study of EP-1300 polyepitope DNA vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria administered via electroporation. Vaccine 2016; 34:5571-5578. [PMID: 27697302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is one of the leading infectious causes of childhood mortality in Africa. EP-1300 is a polyepitope plasmid DNA vaccine expressing 38 cytotoxic T cell epitopes and 16 helper T cell epitopes derived from P. falciparum antigens expressed predominantly in the liver phase of the parasite's life cycle. We performed a phase 1 randomized, placebo-controlled, dose escalation clinical trial of the EP-1300 DNA vaccine administered via electroporation using the TriGrid Delivery System device (Ichor Medical Systems). Although the delivery of the EP-1300 DNA vaccine via electroporation was safe, tolerability was less than that usually observed with standard needle and syringe intramuscular administration. This was primarily due to acute local discomfort at the administration site during electroporation. Despite the use of electroporation, the vaccine was poorly immunogenic. The reasons for the poor immunogenicity of this polyepitope DNA vaccine remain uncertain. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01169077.
Collapse
|
25
|
Karch CP, Li J, Kulangara C, Paulillo SM, Raman SK, Emadi S, Tan A, Helal ZH, Fan Q, Khan MI, Burkhard P. Vaccination with self-adjuvanted protein nanoparticles provides protection against lethal influenza challenge. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:241-251. [PMID: 27593488 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines should be improved by the addition of universal influenza vaccine antigens in order to protect against multiple virus strains. We used our self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SAPNs) to display the two conserved influenza antigens M2e and Helix C in their native oligomerization states. To further improve the immunogenicity of the SAPNs, we designed and incorporated the TLR5 agonist flagellin into the SAPNs to generate self-adjuvanted SAPNs. We demonstrate that addition of flagellin does not affect the ability of SAPNs to self-assemble and that they are able to stimulate TLR5 in a dose-dependent manner. Chickens vaccinated with the self-adjuvanted SAPNs induce significantly higher levels of antibodies than those with unadjuvanted SAPNs and show higher cross-neutralizing activity compared to a commercial inactivated virus vaccine. Upon immunization with self-adjuvanted SAPNs, mice were completely protected against a lethal challenge. Thus, we have generated a self-adjuvanted SAPN with a great potential as a universal influenza vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Karch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sharareh Emadi
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Anmin Tan
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Zeinab H Helal
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alazhar-University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mazhar I Khan
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Peter Burkhard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Alpha-O Peptides AG, Riehen, Switzerland; Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Marciani DJ. A retrospective analysis of the Alzheimer's disease vaccine progress - The critical need for new development strategies. J Neurochem 2016; 137:687-700. [PMID: 26990863 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The promising results obtained with aducanumab and solanezumab against Alzheimer's disease (AD) strengthen the vaccine approach to prevent AD, despite of the many clinical setbacks. It has been problematic to use conjugated peptides with Th1/Th2 adjuvants to induce immune responses against conformational epitopes formed by Aβ oligomers, which is critical to induce protective antibodies. Hence, vaccination should mimic natural immunity by using whole or if possible conjugated antigens, but biasing the response to Th2 with anti-inflammatory adjuvants. Also, selection of the carrier and cross-linking agents is important to prevent suppression of the immune response against the antigen. That certain compounds having phosphorylcholine or fucose induce a sole Th2 immunity would allow antigens with T-cell epitopes without inflammatory autoimmune reactions to be used. Another immunization method is DNA vaccines combined with antigenic ones, which favors the clonal selection and expansion of high affinity antibodies needed for immune protection, but this also requires Th2 immunity. Since AD transgenic mouse models have limited value for immunogen selection as shown by the clinical studies, screening may require the use of validated antibodies and biophysical methods to identify the antigens that would be most likely recognized by the human immune system and thus capable to stimulate a protective antibody response. To induce an anti-Alzheimer's disease protective immunity and prevent possible damage triggered by antigens having B-cell epitopes-only, whole antigens might be used; while inducing Th2 immunity with sole anti-inflammatory fucose-based adjuvants. This approach would avert a damaging systemic inflammatory immunity and the suppression of immunoresponse against the antigen because of carrier and cross-linkers; immune requirements that extend to DNA vaccines.
Collapse
|
27
|
Jorquera PA, Oakley KE, Powell TJ, Palath N, Boyd JG, Tripp RA. Layer-By-Layer Nanoparticle Vaccines Carrying the G Protein CX3C Motif Protect against RSV Infection and Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:829-49. [PMID: 26473935 PMCID: PMC4693221 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the single most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in young children; however no effective treatment or vaccine is currently available. Previous studies have shown that therapeutic treatment with a monoclonal antibody (clone 131-2G) specific to the RSV G glycoprotein CX3C motif, mediates virus clearance and decreases leukocyte trafficking to the lungs of RSV-infected mice. In this study, we show that vaccination with layer-by-layer nanoparticles (LbL-NP) carrying the G protein CX3C motif induces blocking antibodies that prevent the interaction of the RSV G protein with the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) and protect mice against RSV replication and disease pathogenesis. Peptides with mutations in the CX3C motif induced antibodies with diminished capacity to block G protein-CX3CR1 binding. Passive transfer of these anti-G protein antibodies to mice infected with RSV improved virus clearance and decreased immune cell trafficking to the lungs. These data suggest that vaccination with LbL-NP loaded with the CX3C motif of the RSV G protein can prevent manifestations of RSV disease by preventing the interaction between the G protein and CX3CR1 and recruitment of immune cells to the airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Jorquera
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 111 Carlton Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Katie E Oakley
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 111 Carlton Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Thomas J Powell
- Artificial Cell Technologies Inc., 5 Science Park, Suite 13, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Naveen Palath
- Artificial Cell Technologies Inc., 5 Science Park, Suite 13, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - James G Boyd
- Artificial Cell Technologies Inc., 5 Science Park, Suite 13, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 111 Carlton Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Galaine J, Borg C, Godet Y, Adotévi O. Interest of Tumor-Specific CD4 T Helper 1 Cells for Therapeutic Anticancer Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:490-502. [PMID: 26350591 PMCID: PMC4586463 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, immunotherapy represents one promising approach for cancer treatment. Recently, spectacular results of cancer immunotherapy clinical trials have confirmed the crucial role of immune system in cancer regression. Therapeutic cancer vaccine represents one widely used immunotherapy strategy to stimulate tumor specific T cell responses but clinical impact remains disappointing in targeting CD8 T cells. Although CD8 T cells have been initially considered to be the main protagonists, it is now clear that CD4 T cells also play a critical role in antitumor response. In this article, we discuss the role of tumor antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses and how we can target these cells to improve cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Galaine
- INSERM UMR1098, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
- Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
| | - Christophe Borg
- INSERM UMR1098, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
- Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
| | - Yann Godet
- INSERM UMR1098, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
- Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
| | - Olivier Adotévi
- INSERM UMR1098, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
- Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon cedex F25020, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Designation of a novel DKK1 multiepitope DNA vaccine and inhibition of bone loss in collagen-induced arthritic mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:765490. [PMID: 26075259 PMCID: PMC4436448 DOI: 10.1155/2015/765490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a secretory inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling, plays a critical role in certain bone loss diseases. Studies have shown that serum levels of DKK1 are significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and are correlated with the severity of the disease, which indicates the possibility that bone erosion in RA may be inhibited by neutralizing the biological activity of DKK1. In this study, we selected a panel of twelve peptides using the software DNASTAR 7.1 and screened high affinity and immunogenicity epitopes in vitro and in vivo assays. Furthermore, we optimized four B cell epitopes to design a novel DKK1 multiepitope DNA vaccine and evaluated its bone protective effects in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of RA. High level expression of the designed vaccine was measured in supernatant of COS7 cells. In addition, intramuscular immunization of BALB/c mice with this vaccine was also highly expressed and sufficient to induce the production of long-term IgG, which neutralized natural DKK1 in vivo. Importantly, this vaccine significantly attenuated bone erosion in CIA mice compared with positive control mice. These results provide evidence for the development of a DNA vaccine targeted against DKK1 to attenuate bone erosion.
Collapse
|
30
|
Immunogenic Display of Purified Chemically Cross-Linked HIV-1 Spikes. J Virol 2015; 89:6725-45. [PMID: 25878116 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03738-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) spikes are prime vaccine candidates, at least in principle, but suffer from instability, molecular heterogeneity and a low copy number on virions. We anticipated that chemical cross-linking of HIV-1 would allow purification and molecular characterization of trimeric Env spikes, as well as high copy number immunization. Broadly neutralizing antibodies bound tightly to all major quaternary epitopes on cross-linked spikes. Covalent cross-linking of the trimer also stabilized broadly neutralizing epitopes, although surprisingly some individual epitopes were still somewhat sensitive to heat or reducing agent. Immunodepletion using non-neutralizing antibodies to gp120 and gp41 was an effective method for removing non-native-like Env. Cross-linked spikes, purified via an engineered C-terminal tag, were shown by negative stain EM to have well-ordered, trilobed structure. An immunization was performed comparing a boost with Env spikes on virions to spikes cross-linked and captured onto nanoparticles, each following a gp160 DNA prime. Although differences in neutralization did not reach statistical significance, cross-linked Env spikes elicited a more diverse and sporadically neutralizing antibody response against Tier 1b and 2 isolates when displayed on nanoparticles, despite attenuated binding titers to gp120 and V3 crown peptides. Our study demonstrates display of cross-linked trimeric Env spikes on nanoparticles, while showing a level of control over antigenicity, purity and density of virion-associated Env, which may have relevance for Env based vaccine strategies for HIV-1. IMPORTANCE The envelope spike (Env) is the target of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies, which a successful vaccine will need to elicit. However, native Env on virions is innately labile, as well as heterogeneously and sparsely displayed. We therefore stabilized Env spikes using a chemical cross-linker and removed non-native Env by immunodepletion with non-neutralizing antibodies. Fixed native spikes were recognized by all classes of known broadly neutralizing antibodies but not by non-neutralizing antibodies and displayed on nanoparticles in high copy number. An immunization experiment in rabbits revealed that cross-linking Env reduced its overall immunogenicity; however, high-copy display on nanoparticles enabled boosting of antibodies that sporadically neutralized some relatively resistant HIV-1 isolates, albeit at a low titer. This study describes the purification of stable and antigenically correct Env spikes from virions that can be used as immunogens.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bolchi A, Canali E, Santoni A, Spagnoli G, Viarisio D, Accardi R, Tommasino M, Müller M, Ottonello S. Thioredoxin-Displayed Multipeptide Immunogens. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1348:137-51. [PMID: 26424270 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2999-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fusion to carrier proteins is an effective strategy for stabilizing and providing immunogenicity to peptide epitopes. This is commonly achieved by cross-linking of chemically synthesized peptides to carrier proteins. An alternative approach is internal grafting of selected peptide epitopes to a scaffold protein via double stranded-oligonucleotide insertion or gene synthesis, followed by recombinant expression of the resulting chimeric polypeptide. The scaffold protein should confer immunogenicity to the stabilized and structurally constrained peptide, but also afford easy production of the antigen in recombinant form. A macromolecular scaffold that meets the above criteria is the redox protein thioredoxin, especially bacterial thioredoxin. Here we describe our current methodology for internal grafting of selected peptide epitopes to thioredoxin as tandemly arranged multipeptide repeats ("Thioredoxin Displayed Multipeptide Immunogens"), bacterial expression and purification of the recombinant thioredoxin-multipeptide fusion proteins and their use as antigens for the production of anti-peptide antibodies for prophylactic vaccine as well as diagnostic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Bolchi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Canali
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Santoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gloria Spagnoli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Rosita Accardi
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Simone Ottonello
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, Parma, 43124, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Percival-Alwyn JL, England E, Kemp B, Rapley L, Davis NHE, McCarthy GR, Majithiya JB, Corkill DJ, Welsted S, Minton K, Cohen ES, Robinson MJ, Dobson C, Wilkinson TCI, Vaughan TJ, Groves MAT, Tigue NJ. Generation of potent mouse monoclonal antibodies to self-proteins using T-cell epitope "tags". MAbs 2015; 7:129-37. [PMID: 25523454 PMCID: PMC4622073 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.985489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization of mice or rats with a "non-self" protein is a commonly used method to obtain monoclonal antibodies, and relies on the immune system's ability to recognize the immunogen as foreign. Immunization of an antigen with 100% identity to the endogenous protein, however, will not elicit a robust immune response. To develop antibodies to mouse proteins, we focused on the potential for breaking such immune tolerance by genetically fusing two independent T-cell epitope-containing sequences (from tetanus toxin (TT) and diphtheria toxin fragment A (DTA)) to a mouse protein, mouse ST2 (mST2). Wild-type CD1 mice were immunized with three mST2 tagged proteins (Fc, TT and DTA) and the specific serum response was determined. Only in mice immunized with the T-cell epitope-containing antigens were specific mST2 serum responses detected; hybridomas generated from these mice secreted highly sequence-diverse IgGs that were capable of binding mST2 and inhibiting the interaction of mST2 with its ligand, mouse interleukin (IL)-33 (mIL-33). Of the hundreds of antibodies profiled, we identified five potent antibodies that were able to inhibit IL-33 induced IL-6 release in a mast cell assay; notably one such antibody was sufficiently potent to suppress IL-5 release and eosinophilia infiltration in an Alternaria alternata challenge mouse model of asthma. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that T-cell epitope-containing tags have the ability to break tolerance in wild-type mice to 100% conserved proteins, and it provides a compelling argument for the broader use of this approach to generate antibodies against any mouse protein or conserved ortholog.
Collapse
Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cells
- Antibody generation
- CDR, complementarity determining region
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- DMEM, dulbecco's modified eagles' medium
- DTA, diphtheria toxin
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HTRF, homogenous time-resolved fluorescence
- IL, interleukin
- ILC2, type 2 innate lymphoid cells
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- PADRE, pan HLA-DR-binding T cell epitope
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- T-cell epitopes
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TT, tetanus tosxin
- VH, variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain
- VL, variable region of immunoglobulin light chain
- diphtheria toxin
- hybridoma
- immunological tolerance
- mST2, mouse ST2
- mouse ST2
- tetanus toxin
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity
- Asthma/drug therapy
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/pathology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Diphtheria Toxin/chemistry
- Diphtheria Toxin/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Rats
- Receptors, Interleukin/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Tetanus Toxin/chemistry
- Tetanus Toxin/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth England
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Benjamin Kemp
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Laura Rapley
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Nicola HE Davis
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Grant R McCarthy
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Jayesh B Majithiya
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Dominic J Corkill
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Sarah Welsted
- Department of Biological Sciences; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Kevin Minton
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - E Suzanne Cohen
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Matthew J Robinson
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Claire Dobson
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Trevor CI Wilkinson
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Tristan J Vaughan
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Maria AT Groves
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| | - Natalie J Tigue
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering; MedImmune Ltd.; Abington, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pompano RR, Chen J, Verbus EA, Han H, Fridman A, McNeely T, Collier JH, Chong AS. Titrating T-cell epitopes within self-assembled vaccines optimizes CD4+ helper T cell and antibody outputs. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1898-908. [PMID: 24923735 PMCID: PMC4227912 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epitope content plays a critical role in determining T-cell and antibody responses to vaccines, biomaterials, and protein therapeutics, but its effects are nonlinear and difficult to isolate. Here, molecular self-assembly is used to build a vaccine with precise control over epitope content, in order to finely tune the magnitude and phenotype of T helper and antibody responses. Self-adjuvanting peptide nanofibers are formed by co-assembling a high-affinity universal CD4+ T-cell epitope (PADRE) and a B-cell epitope from Staphylococcus aureus at specifiable concentrations. Increasing the PADRE concentration from micromolar to millimolar elicited bell-shaped dose-responses that are unique to different T-cell populations. Notably, the epitope ratios that maximize T follicular helper and antibody responses differed by an order of magnitude from those that maximized Th1 or Th2 responses. Thus, modular materials assembly provides a means of controlling epitope content and efficiently skewing the adaptive immune response in the absence of exogenous adjuvant; this approach may contribute to the development of improved vaccines and immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Emily A. Verbus
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Huifang Han
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | | | - Joel H. Collier
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Immunotargeting and eradication of orthotopic melanoma using a chemokine-enhanced DNA vaccine. Gene Ther 2013; 20:939-48. [PMID: 23552473 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines are attractive candidates for tumor immunotherapy. However, the potential of DNA vaccines in treating established malignant lesions has yet to be demonstrated. Here we demonstrate that transient alteration of either intratumoral or intradermal (ID) chemotactic gradients provide a favorable milieu for DNA vaccine-mediated activation of tumor-specific immune response in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Specifically, we show that priming of established B16 ID melanoma lesions via forced intratumoral expression of CCL21 boosted DNA vaccination-dependent systemic cytotoxic immune response leading to the regression of tumor nodules. In this setting, application of CCL20 was not effective likely due to the engagement of the regulatory T cells. However, priming of the skin at DNA vaccine administration sites outside the tumor bed with both CCL20 and CCL21 chemokines along with structural modifications of the DNA vaccine significantly improved vaccine efficacy. This optimized ID vaccination regimen led to the inhibition of distant established melanomas and prolonged tumor-free survival of mice observed in 60% of vaccinated animals with complete tumor remission in 30%. These effects were mediated by extranodal priming and activation of T cells at vaccine administration sites and progressive accumulation of systemic antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) on successive vaccinations. These results underscore the potential of chemokine-enhanced DNA vaccination to mount therapeutic immune response against established tumors.
Collapse
|
35
|
Adotévi O, Dosset M, Galaine J, Beziaud L, Godet Y, Borg C. Targeting antitumor CD4 helper T cells with universal tumor-reactive helper peptides derived from telomerase for cancer vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1073-7. [PMID: 23357860 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current cancer immunotherapies predominantly rely on CD8(+) T cells to fight against tumors. However accumulative evidence showed that proinflammatory CD4(+) helper T cells are critical determinants of effective antitumor immunity. The utilization of universal tumor-reactive helper peptides from telomerase represents a powerful approach to the fully use of CD4(+) T cell-based immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Adotévi
- INSERM; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1098; Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang de Bourgogne Franche-Comté; UMR1098; Besançon cedex, France; Université de Franche-Comté; UMR1098 ; SFR IBCT; Besançon, France; CHRU de Besançon ; Service d'Oncologie; Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yuan H, Qian H, Liu S, Zhang X, Li S, Wang W, Li Z, Jia J, Zhao W. Therapeutic role of a vaccine targeting RANKL and TNF-α on collagen-induced arthritis. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8177-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
37
|
DNA and modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccines encoding multiple cytotoxic and helper T-lymphocyte epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are safe but weakly immunogenic in HIV-1-uninfected, vaccinia virus-naive adults. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:649-58. [PMID: 22398243 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00038-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated a DNA plasmid-vectored vaccine and a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine (MVA-mBN32), each encoding cytotoxic and helper T-lymphocyte epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in 36 HIV-1-uninfected adults using a heterologous prime-boost schedule. HIV-1-specific cellular immune responses, measured as interleukin-2 and/or gamma interferon production, were induced in 1 (4%) of 28 subjects after the first MVA-mBN32 immunization and in 3 (12%) of 25 subjects after the second MVA-mBN32 immunization. Among these responders, polyfunctional T-cell responses, including the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and perforin, were detected. Vaccinia virus-specific antibodies were induced to the MVA vector in 27 (93%) of 29 and 26 (93%) of 28 subjects after the first and second immunizations with MVA-mBN32. These peptide-based vaccines were safe but were ineffective at inducing HIV-1-specific immune responses and induced much weaker responses than MVA vaccines expressing the entire open reading frames of HIV-1 proteins.
Collapse
|
38
|
Recent advances in developing synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapies. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:545-84. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can often be distinguished from healthy cells by the expression of unique carbohydrate sequences decorating the cell surface as a result of aberrant glycosyltransferase activity occurring within the cell; these unusual carbohydrates can be used as valuable immunological targets in modern vaccine designs to raise carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Many tumor antigens (e.g., GM2, Ley, globo H, sialyl Tn and TF) have been identified to date in a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone evoke poor immunogenicity, owing to their lack of ability in inducing T-cell-dependent immune responses. In order to enhance their immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immune responses, carbohydrates are often chemically modified to link to an immunogenic protein or peptide fragment for eliciting T-cell-dependent responses. This review will present a summary of efforts and advancements made to date on creating carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines, and will include novel approaches to overcoming the poor immunogenicity of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
Collapse
|
39
|
Properties of antibodies to a synthetic peptide representing an epitope shared by receptors of the type I cytokine family. Clin Exp Med 2012; 13:49-57. [PMID: 22294256 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous works from our laboratory demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody (MAb) called R7B4 is directed to an epitope shared by various receptors corresponding to the type I cytokine receptor family, containing the common motif WSXWS or the homologous F(Y)GEFS. Later a consensus peptide significantly recognized by the MAb was identified and synthesized (sequence HGYWSEWSPE). In the present work, an homologous of the consensus sequence (HHGYWSEWSPE) was conjugated to PADRE adjuvant to produce Ab that could simulate theMAb activity, that is, acting as hormone and/or cytokine antagonists. The covalently conjugated peptide-PADRE was a better immunogen than the consensus peptide alone according to the reactivity of sera from C57BL/6 immunized mice and, besides, no Ab to PADRE were detected. Furthermore, Ab to consensus peptide elicited after peptide-PADRE inoculation into mice behaved as immunomodulatory agents, since they improved the humoral response to a foreign antigen (in this case ovalbumin). In addition, the Ab inhibited the in vitro proliferation of various cell lines, mainly cells derived from human and mouse breast cancer. Thus, immunization with the conjugate peptide-PADRE prepared under the experimental conditions described herein originated immunomodulatory Ab that, in the future, could be tested in some pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hughes HR, Crill WD, Davis BS, Chang GJJ. A West Nile virus CD4 T cell epitope improves the immunogenicity of dengue virus serotype 2 vaccines. Virology 2012; 424:129-37. [PMID: 22244913 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV), are among the most prevalent human disease-causing arboviruses world-wide. As they continue to expand their geographic range, multivalent flavivirus vaccines may become an important public health tool. Here we describe the immune kinetics of WNV DNA vaccination and the identification of a CD4 epitope that increases heterologous flavivirus vaccine immunogenicity. Lethal WNV challenge two days post-vaccination resulted in 90% protection with complete protection by four days, and was temporally associated with a rapid influx of activated CD4 T cells. CD4 T cells from WNV vaccinated mice could be stimulated from epitopic regions in the envelope protein transmembrane domain. Incorporation of this WNV epitope into DENV-2 DNA and virus-like particle vaccines significantly increased neutralizing antibody titers. Incorporating such potent epitopes into multivalent flavivirus vaccines could improve their immunogenicity and may help alleviate concerns of imbalanced immunity in multivalent vaccine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Hughes
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Slingluff CL. The present and future of peptide vaccines for cancer: single or multiple, long or short, alone or in combination? Cancer J 2011; 17:343-50. [PMID: 21952285 PMCID: PMC3204371 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0b013e318233e5b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptide vaccines incorporate one or more short or long amino acid sequences as tumor antigens, combined with a vaccine adjuvant. Thus, they fall broadly into the category of defined antigen vaccines, along with vaccines using protein, protein subunits, DNA, or RNA. They remain one of the most immunogenic approaches, based on measures of T-cell response in the blood or in draining lymph nodes. However, existing peptide vaccines have had limited success at inducing clinical tumor regressions, despite reliable induction of T-cell responses. Several new developments offer promise for improving peptide vaccines, including use of long peptides, optimization of adjuvants including toll-like receptor agonists, and combination with systemic therapies that may reduce tumor-associated immune dysfunction, such as blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. To apply these new approaches optimally, it will be critical to study their effects in the context of defined antigens, for which peptide vaccines are optimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig L Slingluff
- Human Immune Therapy Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Aparicio JL, Peña C, Retegui LA. Autoimmune hepatitis-like disease in C57BL/6 mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus A59. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1591-8. [PMID: 21635973 PMCID: PMC7106302 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mouse hepatitis virus A59 (MHV A59) induces autoantibodies (autoAb) to fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), a soluble cytosolic enzyme present in the liver and kidneys, in various mouse strains. The aim of this work was to amplify and diversify the autoimmune response restricted to FAH through the use of the exogenous adjuvant called PADRE. Accordingly, C57BL/6 mice were chosen, because these animals respond to PADRE better than other mouse strains. Results presented herein indicate that, surprisingly, C57BL/6 mice developed signs of autoimmune hepatitis-like disease (AIH), including transient hypergammaglobulinemia, elevated transaminases, autoAb directed against different liver proteins and hepatic cellular infiltrates, indicating that a new model of experimental AIH could be generated by a viral inoculation. Furthermore, PADRE administration amplified the MHV effect, extending the duration of hypergammaglobulinemia and increasing the binding of autoAb as well as the degree of hepatic infiltrates. However, the adjuvant did not expand the time of the symptoms. Additionally, since plasmatic uric acid and high-mobility group box protein 1 (HGMB1) concentrations augmented in MHV- and/or PADRE-treated mice, it is suggested that both alarmins were probably involved in the spreading of the immune response induced by the viral infection and the adjuvant administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L Aparicio
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Schellinger JG, Danan-Leon LM, Hoch JA, Kassa A, Srivastava I, Davis D, Gervay-Hague J. Synthesis of a trimeric gp120 epitope mimic conjugated to a T-helper peptide to improve antigenicity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3230-3. [PMID: 21341746 DOI: 10.1021/ja1083915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A fully synthetic trivalent mimotope of gp120 conjugated to pan allelic HLA DR binding epitope was prepared using solid-phase peptide synthesis and optimized copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The methodology efficiently provides chemically uniform heteromultimeric peptide constructs with enhanced binding, avidity, and specificity toward an established HIV-neutralizing human antibody, MAb b12. The versatile synthetic strategy serves as a powerful platform for the development of synthetic peptides as potential HIV-1 vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan G Schellinger
- Chemistry Department, Campus Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
In silico identification of novel protective VSG antigens expressed by Trypanosoma brucei and an effort for designing a highly immunogenic DNA vaccine using IL-12 as adjuvant. Microb Pathog 2011; 51:77-87. [PMID: 21349321 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis continues to be a major health problem, with more adults dying from this disease world-wide. As the sequence diversity of Trypanosoma brucei is extreme, with VSGs having 15-25% identity with most other VSGs, hence it displays a huge diversity of adaptations and host specificities. Therefore the need for an improved vaccine has become an international priority. The highly conserved and specific epitopes acting as both CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell epitopes (FLINKKPAL and FTALCTLAA) were predicted from large bunch of VSGs of T. brucei. Besides, some other potential epitopes with very high affinity for MHC I and II molecules were also determined while taking consideration on the most common HLA in the general population which accounts for major ethnicities. The vaccine candidates were found to be effective even for non-african populations as predicted by population coverage analysis. Hence the migrating travelers acting as a spread means of the infection can probably also be treated successfully after injection of such a multiepitopic vaccine. Exploiting the immunoinformatics approaches, we designed a potential vaccine by using the consensus epitopic sequence of 388 VSG proteins of T. brucei and performed in silico cloning of multiepitopic antigenic DNA sequence in pBI-CMV1 vector. Moreover, various techniques like codon adaptation, CpG optimization, removal of self recognized epitopes, use of adjuvant and co-injection with plasmids expressing immune-stimulatory molecules were implemented to enhance the immunogenicity of the proposed in silico vaccine.
Collapse
|
45
|
In silico proteomic characterization of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) for the mapping of high affinity antigenic determinants against breast cancer. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1349-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
46
|
Gupta SK, Srivastava M, Akhoon BA, Smita S, Schmitz U, Wolkenhauer O, Vera J, Gupta SK. Identification of immunogenic consensus T-cell epitopes in globally distributed influenza-A H1N1 neuraminidase. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 11:308-19. [PMID: 21094280 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antigenic drift is the ability of the swine influenza virus to undergo continuous and progressive changes in response to the host immune system. These changes dictate influenza vaccine updates annually to ensure inclusion of antigens of the most current strains. The identification of those peptides that stimulate T-cell responses, termed T-cell epitopes, is essential for the development of successful vaccines. In this study, the highly conserved and specific epitopes from neuraminidase of globally distributed H1N1 strains were predicted so that these potential vaccine candidates may escape with antigenic drift. A total of nine novel CD8(+) T-cell epitopes for MHC class-I and eight novel CD4(+) T-cell epitopes for MHC class-II alleles were proposed as novel epitope based vaccine candidates. Additionally, the epitope FSYKYGNGV was identified as a highly conserved, immunogenic and potential vaccine candidate, capable for generating both CD8(+) and CD4(+) responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shishir K Gupta
- Society for Biological Research & Rural Development, Lucknow, UP, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sabarth N, Chamberlain L, Brett S, Tite J, Craigen J. Induction of homologous rather than heterologous antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses is critical for functional CD8 T cell responses in mice transgenic for a foreign antigen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:4590-601. [PMID: 20861346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of a successful cancer vaccine requires the ability to break immunological tolerance to self-Ags expressed on tumor cells. The transgenic rat insulin promoter (RIP) OVA(LOW) mouse model has been reported to be hyporesponsive for both OVA-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. The experiments described in the current study show that this hyporesponsiveness can be overcome by inclusion of GM-CSF and the TLR7 agonist imiquimod as adjuvants in a DNA immunization regimen with OVA-encoding plasmids. High frequencies of OVA-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells, including a response to a CD4 T cell epitope seen only in the RIP OVA(LOW) mice, were generated by this regimen. These responses were associated with the development of autoimmunity and increased protection to tumor challenge in the RIP OVA(LOW) mice. Heterologous CD4 T cell help has been shown to improve functional CD8 T cell responses, and we confirmed that inclusion of the CD4 T cell epitope pan HLA-DR-binding epitope improved CD8 T cell responses compared with self-Ag alone. Addition of GM-CSF and imiquimod, however, resulted in dominance of the pan HLA-DR-binding epitope-specific response over the OVA-specific CD4 T cell responses, decreased OVA-specific CD8 T cell numbers and function in tolerant RIP OVA(LOW) mice, and failure to induce diabetes. The results of this study suggest that the use of heterologous help needs to be evaluated carefully in the context of specific immunization regimes and that a preferable approach may be adjuvantization of DNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sabarth
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medical Research Centre, Biopharm Research and Development, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cribbs DH. Abeta DNA vaccination for Alzheimer's disease: focus on disease prevention. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2010; 9:207-16. [PMID: 20205639 DOI: 10.2174/187152710791012080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that the development of a safe and effective anti-amyloid-beta (Abeta) immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) will require therapeutic levels of anti-Abeta antibodies, while avoiding proinflammatory adjuvants and autoreactive T cells which may increase the incidence of adverse events in the elderly population targeted to receive immunotherapy. The first active immunization clinical trial with AN1792 in AD patients was halted when a subset of patients developed meningoencephalitis. The first passive immunotherapy trial with bapineuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the end terminus of Abeta, also encountered some dose dependent adverse events during the Phase II portion of the study, vasogenic edema in 12 cases, which were significantly over represented in ApoE4 carriers. The proposed remedy is to treat future patients with lower doses, particularly in the ApoE4 carriers. Currently there are at least five ongoing anti-Abeta immunotherapy clinical trials. Three of the clinical trials use humanized monoclonal antibodies, which are expensive and require repeated dosing to maintain therapeutic levels of the antibodies in the patient. However in the event of an adverse response to the passive therapy antibody delivery can simply be halted, which may provide a resolution to the problem. Because at this point we cannot readily identify individuals in the preclinical or prodromal stages of AD pathogenesis, passive immunotherapy is reserved for those that already have clinical symptoms. Unfortunately those individuals have by that point accumulated substantial neuropathology in affected regions of the brain. Moreover, if Abeta pathology drives tau pathology as reported in several transgenic animal models, and once established if tau pathology can become self propagating, then early intervention with anti-Abeta immunotherapy may be critical for favorable clinical outcomes. On the other hand, active immunization has several significant advantages, including lower cost and the typical immunization protocol should be much less intrusive to the patient relative to passive therapy, in the advent of Abeta-antibody immune complex-induced adverse events the patients will have to receive immuno-supperssive therapy for an extended period until the anti Abeta antibody levels drop naturally as the effects of the vaccine decays over time. Obviously, improvements in vaccine design are needed to improve both the safety, as well as the efficacy of anti-Abeta immunotherapy. The focus of this review is on the advantages of DNA vaccination for anti-Abeta immunotherapy, and the major hurdles, such as immunosenescence, selection of appropriate molecular adjuvants, universal T cell epitopes, and possibly a polyepitope design based on utilizing existing memory T cells in the general population that were generated in response to childhood or seasonal vaccines, as well as various infections. Ultimately, we believe that the further refinement of our AD DNA epitope vaccines, possibly combined with a prime boost regime will facilitate translation to human clinical trials in either very early AD, or preferably in preclinical stage individuals identified by validated AD biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, 92697-4540, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kellokoski E, Kummu O, Serpi R, Lehenkari P, Ukkola O, Kesäniemi YA, Hörkkö S. Ghrelin vaccination decreases plasma MCP-1 level in LDLR(-/-)-mice. Peptides 2009; 30:2292-300. [PMID: 19751783 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a novel peptide hormone having growth hormone releasing activity and many endocrine and metabolic functions. In rats and pigs, ghrelin immunizations have recently been shown to induce an antibody response against ghrelin simultaneously with a decrease in body weight gain. Our aim was to test the role of ghrelin immunization on atherosclerosis and weight gain in mice. LDLR(-/-)-mice (n=36) were immunized with ghrelin-PADRE, PADRE alone and PBS and then placed on a high fat diet for 22 weeks. Weight gain and food intake were followed throughout the study. Acylated and total ghrelin, cytokines and MCP-1 were analyzed from plasma using commercial kits. Stomach ghrelin was assessed using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Atherosclerosis was determined from aorta and cross-sections at the end of study. Mice immunized with ghrelin-PADRE developed high plasma IgG titers to ghrelin simultaneously with a significant increase in plasma acylated and total ghrelin levels. Plasma MCP-1 levels decreased in mice immunized with ghrelin-PADRE compared to mice immunized with PADRE and PBS. There were no differences in atherosclerosis determined from aorta and cross-sections as well as in body weights and food intake in LDLR(-/-)-mice between the different immunization groups. Our data indicates that ghrelin-PADRE vaccination induces a strong exclusive IgG response to ghrelin and increases plasma acylated and total ghrelin levels in mice. Ghrelin vaccination decreases plasma MCP-1 levels even though no effects on developing signs of atherosclerosis or weight gain in mice were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eija Kellokoski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|