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van der Kraan PM, van Caam AP, Blaney Davidson EN, van den Bosch MH, van de Loo FA. Growth factors that drive aggrecan synthesis in healthy articular cartilage. Role for transforming growth factor-β? OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2024; 6:100459. [PMID: 38486843 PMCID: PMC10938168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Articular cartilage makes smooth movement possible and destruction of this tissue leads to loss of joint function. An important biomolecule that determines this function is the large aggregating proteoglycan of cartilage, aggrecan. Aggrecan has a relatively short half-life in cartilage and therefore continuous production of this molecule is essential. Methods In this narrative review we discuss what is the role of growth factors in driving the synthesis of aggrecan in articular cartilage. A literature search has been done using the search items; cartilage, aggrecan, explant, Transforming Growth factor-β (TGF-β), Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF), Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) and the generic term "growth factors". Focus has been on studies using healthy cartilage and models of cartilage regeneration have been excluded. Results In healthy adult articular cartilage IGF is the main factor that drives aggrecan synthesis and maintains adequate levels of production. BMP's and TGF-β have a very limited role but appear to be more important during chondrogenesis and cartilage development. The major role of TGF-β is not stimulation of aggrecan synthesis but maintenance of the differentiated articular cartilage chondrocyte phenotype. Conclusion TGF-β is a factor that is generally considered as an important factor in stimulating aggrecan synthesis in cartilage but its role in this might be very restrained in healthy, adult articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjan P.M. van Caam
- Radboudumc, Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda N. Blaney Davidson
- Radboudumc, Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn H.J. van den Bosch
- Radboudumc, Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fons A.J. van de Loo
- Radboudumc, Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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van der Kraan PM. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β in osteoarthritis. Discrepancy with reduced TGFβ signaling in normal joints. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Bayındır Ş, Yılmaz Asan C, Demirbaş AE, Keti DB, Kütük N. Evaluation of aggrecan and adipokine levels in temporomandibular joint synovial fluid. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2021; 50:432-438. [PMID: 35491326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect various mediators in synovial fluid (SF) on the pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and to evaluate the relationship between clinical and radiological features of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases. Patients who had received SF sample during arthrocentesis because of TMD were included in this study. Clinical and radiological records were evaluated retrospectively. Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method was used for analysis of aggrecan, adiponectin, resistin, apelin, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in SFs. 59 joints of 41 patients were included in the study. Anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) was detected in 22 joints, anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) was detected in 29 joints and osteoarthritis (OA) in 8. In OA group, PGE2 level was significantly higher than the other groups (p = 0.029). Aggrecan and PGE2 levels were statistically higher in joints with localized pain (p = 0.030, p = 0.029). The aggrecan level was statistically significant higher in patients who had degenerative changes in radiological examinations (p = 0.044). Resistin was correlated with PGE2 and aggrecan (p = 0.011), and apelin showed positive correlation with VEGF (p˂0.001). The detection of aggrecan and adipokines in SF may be a precursor of degenerative joint disease and it should be taken into account that the presence of localized pain in the joint area may be an early sign of degenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Bayındır
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Canay Yılmaz Asan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emin Demirbaş
- Department Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Barlak Keti
- Department of Biochemistry, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nükhet Kütük
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bezmialem University, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
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Yamashita-Futani Y, Jokaji R, Ooi K, Kobayashi K, Kanakis I, Liu K, Kawashiri S, Bou-Gharios G, Nakamura H. Metalloelastase-12 is involved in the temporomandibular joint inflammatory response as well as cartilage degradation by aggrecanases in STR/Ort mice. Biomed Rep 2021; 14:51. [PMID: 33859822 PMCID: PMC8042671 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is characterised by clinical symptoms involving both the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Disc internal derangement and osteoarthritis (OA) are the most common forms of TMJD. Currently, the molecular process associated with degenerative changes in the TMJ is unclear. Our previous study showed that elastin-digested peptides act on human TMJ synovial cells and lead to upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and metalloelastase-12 (MMP-12; an elastin-degrading enzyme) in vitro. However, there is limited information regarding the involvement of elastin-degradation by MMP-12 in the processes of inflammatory responses and cartilage degradation in vivo. STR/Ort mice were used as a model of TMJ OA in the present study. Significant articular cartilage degeneration was observed starting at 20 weeks of age in the STR/Ort mice and this progressed gradually until 40 weeks, compared with the age-matched CBA mice. Immunostaining analysis showed that MMP-12 and IL-6 were expressed in the chondrocytes in the superficial zones of the cartilage. Immunostaining also showed that aggrecanases [a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS-5] were expressed in the chondrocytes in the superficial zones of the cartilage. These findings suggest that an inflammatory and degradative process was initiated in the TMJ. Harmful mechanical stimuli, particularly pressure, may cause damage to the elastin fibres in the most elastin-rich superficial layer of the articular cartilage. Elastin-digested peptides are then generated as endogenous warning signals and they initiate a pro-inflammatory cascade. This leads to upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and MMP-12, which further trigger tissue damage resulting in elevated levels of elastin-digested peptides. IL-6 increases expression of the aggrecanases ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, following cartilage degradation. This leads to the establishment of a positive feedback loop and may result in chronic inflammation and cartilage degradation of the TMJ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamashita-Futani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Rei Jokaji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Shuichi Kawashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ryukyu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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Zwiri A, Al-Hatamleh MAI, W. Ahmad WMA, Ahmed Asif J, Khoo SP, Husein A, Ab-Ghani Z, Kassim NK. Biomarkers for Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Status and Future Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E303. [PMID: 32429070 PMCID: PMC7277983 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted in the previous years with an objective to determine the ideal biomarker or set of biomarkers in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). It was recorded that tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-6, and IL-1 were the most common biomarkers of TMDs. As of recently, although the research on TMDs biomarkers still aims to find more diagnostic agents, no recent study employs the biomarker as a targeting point of pharmacotherapy to suppress the inflammatory responses. This article represents an explicit review on the biomarkers of TMDs that have been discovered so far and provides possible future directions towards further research on these biomarkers. The potential implementation of the interactions of TNF with its receptor 2 (TNFR2) in the inflammatory process has been interpreted, and thus, this review presents a new hypothesis towards suppression of the inflammatory response using TNFR2-agonist. Subsequently, this hypothesis could be explored as a potential pain elimination approach in patients with TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalwhab Zwiri
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Muhamad Amir W. Ahmad
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Jawaad Ahmed Asif
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Adam Husein
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zuryati Ab-Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Karyatee Kassim
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Allas L, Rochoux Q, Leclercq S, Boumédiene K, Baugé C. Development of a simple osteoarthritis model useful to predict in vitro the anti-hypertrophic action of drugs. J Transl Med 2020; 100:64-71. [PMID: 31409892 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage degradation, inflammation, and hypertrophy. Therapies are mainly symptomatic and aim to manage pain. Consequently, medical community is waiting for new treatments able to reduce OA process. This study aims to develop an in vitro simple OA model useful to predict drug ability to reduce cartilage hypertrophy. Human primary OA chondrocytes were incubated with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Hypertrophy was evaluated by Runx2, type X collagen, MMP13, and VEGF expression. Cartilage anabolism was investigated by Sox9, aggrecan, type II collagen, and glycosaminoglycan expression. In chondrocytes, TGF-β1 increased expression of hypertrophic genes and activated canonical WNT pathway, while it decreased dramatically cartilage anabolism, suggesting that this treatment could mimic some OA features in vitro. Additionally, EZH2 inhibition, that has been previously reported to decrease cartilage hypertrophy and reduce OA development in vivo, attenuated COL10A1 and MMP13 upregulation and SOX9 downregulation induced by TGF-β1 treatment. Similarly, pterosin B (an inhibitor of Sik3), and DMOG (a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase which mimicks hypoxia), repressed the expression of hypertrophy markers in TGF-β stimulated chondrocytes. In conclusion, we established an innovative OA model in vitro. This cheap and simple model will be useful to quickly screen new drugs with potential anti-arthritic effects, in complementary to current inflammatory models, and should permit to accelerate development of efficient treatments against OA able to reduce cartilage hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyess Allas
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451, BioConnecT, Caen, France
| | - Quitterie Rochoux
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451, BioConnecT, Caen, France.,CHU, Service de Rhumatologie, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Leclercq
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451, BioConnecT, Caen, France.,Clinique Saint-Martin, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Caen, France
| | | | - Catherine Baugé
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451, BioConnecT, Caen, France.
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7
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Neumann S, Lauenstein-Bosse S. Evaluation of transforming growth factor beta 1 in dogs with osteoarthritis. Open Vet J 2018; 8:386-392. [PMID: 30538928 PMCID: PMC6243209 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common problem in daily veterinary practice with insufficient knowledge about disease mechanism. Because fibrosis is a part of the alteration in the effected joints, we investigated the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) as an important regulation molecule of tissue fibrosis. We chose Osteoarthritis following a cruciate ligament rupture (CLR) because it is a common model of osteoarthritis. A total of 13 healthy dogs and 38 dogs suffering from CLR were included in this prospective study. The concentration of TGF-β1 was measured in synovial fluid using the “Quantikine Human TGF-β1 Immunoassay” (Fa. R & D Systems, Minneapolis, USA). There was a significant difference in the TGF-β1 concentration of the synovial fluid of healthy compared to affected patients (p < 0.001). The synovial TGF-β1 concentration also correlated significantly (p = 0.0147) with the synovial viscosity of the affected patients. No significant correlations could be observed to duration of disease, severity of lameness and degree of joint swelling, but also to joint capsule sickness, osteophyte development and degeneration of joint cartilage. The results of our study show an increased TGF-β1 concentration in knees affected with osteoarthritis as consequence of CLR. So we can conclude that TGF-β1 takes part at the osteoarthritic remodelling process, but different phases of the remodelling process cannot be distinguished by the measurement of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Neumann
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Lauenstein-Bosse
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Bouloux GF. The Use of Synovial Fluid Analysis for Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2018; 30:251-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu G, Zhang L, Zhou X, Zhang BL, Guo GX, Xu P, Wang GY, Fu SJ. Selection and Investigation of a Primate Model of Spontaneous Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis, the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca Fascicularis). Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4516-4527. [PMID: 29961076 PMCID: PMC6057266 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify a primate model of degenerative knee osteoarthritis (KOA) that may be more relevant for research studies on degenerative KOA in humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen specific-pathogen-free (SPF) male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were divided into group A (n=8), an old group (22.0-25.3 years of age), and group B (n=8), a young group (3.0-5.2 years of age). For each primate, the behavior was observed, knee circumference was measured, knee joint X-rays were performed, and peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC) counts were measured, and the Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) system was used for the classification of osteoarthritis. An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was performed on knee joint fluid to measure levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)13. Changes in articular cartilage were evaluated using the Brittberg score and the Mankin histopathology grading score, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to measure the expression of the NOTCH3, JAG1, and ACAN genes in knee cartilage specimens, and the findings in the two groups of primates were compared. RESULTS Seven old aged primates in group A were compared with group B, and showed significant differences in WBC count, synovial fluid IL-1β, TGF-β1, and MMP13 levels, expression levels of the NOTCH3, JAG1, and ACAN genes in knee cartilage specimens, and in the Brittberg and Mankin scores (all, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) might be a model for age-related degenerative KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Zhou
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Bao L Zhang
- College of Nursing, Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Guang X Guo
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Xu
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Guo Y Wang
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Shi J Fu
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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van der Kraan PM. Differential Role of Transforming Growth Factor-beta in an Osteoarthritic or a Healthy Joint. J Bone Metab 2018; 25:65-72. [PMID: 29900155 PMCID: PMC5995759 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine that plays an important role in both normal joints and joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease. However, the role of this pleiotropic cytokine in a normal healthy joint is very different from its role in an OA joint. In a normal synovial joint, active TGF-β is only present after joint loading and only for a short period. In contrast, permanent and high levels of active TGF-β are detected in OA joints. Due to this difference in levels and exposure period of joint cells to active TGF-β, the function of TGF-β is strikingly different in normal and OA joints. The consequences of this difference in TGF-β levels on joint homeostasis and pathological changes in OA joints are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. van der Kraan
- Department of Rheumatology, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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11
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Ernberg M. The role of molecular pain biomarkers in temporomandibular joint internal derangement. J Oral Rehabil 2017; 44:481-491. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ernberg
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- The Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
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da Costa GDFA, Souza RDC, de Araújo GM, Gurgel BCDV, Barbosa GAS, Calderon PDS. Does TGF-β play a role in degenerative temporomandibular joint diseases? A systematic review. Cranio 2016; 35:228-232. [PMID: 27326853 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2016.1193961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the literature for evidence investigating the role of TGF-β in temporomandibular joint disease with osteoarthritis. METHOD An electronic and manual search was carried out on the databases, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, and EMBASE, from 1975 to December 2015 by two independent evaluators to identify clinical and laboratory trials in English. RESULTS The search produced 693 records. Following a process of selection based on certain criteria, eight articles were included. DISCUSSION This systematic review suggests that TGF-β administration alone does not result in joint regeneration; other factors may be involved, such as TGF-β receptor expression ,and TGF-β receptor mutations that do not allow a correct transduction, resulting in TGF-β deficiency. The anabolism induced by this growth factor is also able to neutralize the catabolic processes that are elevated in osteoarthritis. Therefore, further studies are essential to determine how the concentration of TGF-β in the temporomandibular joints acts as a potential marker for the development of degenerative conditions.
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Cytokine profile in the synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders: A systematic review. Cytokine 2016; 77:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Assessment of temporomandibular joint disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 788:207-11. [PMID: 23835980 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6627-3_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders consists of clinical (Reaserch Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, RDC/TMD) and additional (computer tomography, CT or magnetic resonance imaging, and MRI) examinations. Due to the growing knowledge of pathologic changes within the TMJ, the researches become more aware of the difficulty in detection the early symptoms of disorders using conventional examination. Therefore, it is now expected that the collected samples of synovial fluid, serum, or urine samples could enable easier identification of inflammatory process course, and degenerative cartilage changes state.
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Kim YK, Kim SG, Kim BS, Lee JY, Yun PY, Bae JH, Oh JS, Ahn JM, Kim JS, Lee SY. Analysis of the cytokine profiles of the synovial fluid in a normal temporomandibular joint: preliminary study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 40:e337-41. [PMID: 22425498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the cytokine profiles of the synovial fluid from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) spaces of normal individuals and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. Thirty-four patients with planned orthognathic surgery did not present abnormalities of the TMJ on magnetic resonance images and radiographs and did not show the symptoms identified by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC-TMD); as a result, they were assigned to the control group. Twenty-two patients who sought treatment for TMD during the same period were assigned to the TMD group. Synovial fluid was collected from superior TMJ spaces, and cytokine expression was analysed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Significant differences were tested using Fisher's exact test (p<0.05). Granulocyte Macrophage Colony stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), interferon (INF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected in the TMD group, whereas no cytokines were detected in the control group. The most prevalent cytokines in the TMD group were IL-1β, IL-6 and GM-CSF. IL-4 and IL-5 were not detected in either the TMD group or in the control group. None of the cytokines that were detected in patients with TMD were found in the articular spaces of normal individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Republic of Korea
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Sanders AE, Maixner W, Nackley AG, Diatchenko L, By K, Miller VE, Slade GD. Excess risk of temporomandibular disorder associated with cigarette smoking in young adults. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2012; 13:21-31. [PMID: 22036516 PMCID: PMC3249502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Evidence suggests that the effect of cigarette smoking on chronic pain is stronger in younger than older adults. This case-control study investigated whether age modified an effect of smoking on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in 299 females aged 18 to 60 years. It also investigated the extent to which this relationship was explained by psychological profile, inflammatory response, and allergy. Cases were defined using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders based on clinical examination. Psychological profile was evaluated using standardized instruments. Inflammatory response was evaluated with 11 cytokines isolated in plasma. History of allergy conditions was self-reported. Odds ratios (ORs) for the effect of smoking were calculated using binary logistic regression. Stratified analyses and the likelihood ratio test examined effect modification by smoking. Compared with nonsmokers, ever smokers aged <30 years had higher odds of TMD (OR = 4.14, 95% CI: 1.57, 11.35) than older adults (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: .55, 2.78) (P (effect modification) = .038). Adjustment for psychological profile, cytokines, and history of allergy-like conditions attenuated the effect by 45% to statistical nonsignificance. The main finding was reproduced with secondary analyses of 2 nationally representative surveys of adults conducted in the US and Australia. PERSPECTIVE This study showed that smoking was associated with TMD risk in females, but only in young adulthood. It replicated this finding in 2 nationally representative surveys of females in the US and Australia. Findings may alert clinicians to recognize that smoking is a concern for TMD in younger female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Sanders
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7450, USA.
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Effect of intra-articular administration of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist on cartilage repair in temporomandibular joint. J Craniofac Surg 2011; 22:711-4. [PMID: 21415641 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e31820873c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) plays a central role in cartilage deterioration in osteoarthritis (OA). Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a natural receptor antagonist and blocks the effects of IL-1. In this study, partial disk perforation was performed bilaterally to induce an osteoarthritic joint in rabbit temporomandibular joint. Fifty micrograms of recombinant human IL-1Ra was injected into the right joint, and the contralateral joint received vehicle injection 4 weeks postoperatively. Animals were killed at different intervals. Histology and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed for comparison. The vehicle-treated joint had typical OA-related cartilage degradation, whereas the lesions in cartilage of the IL-1Ra-treated joint were less severe than the control joint. At 12 weeks, a higher expression of aggrecan and collagen type II and a lower expression of aggrecanase were observed in the treated joint than in the control joint. At 24 weeks after injection, the expression of aggrecan and collagen type II was also higher in the treated joint than in the control joint. However, no difference in either aggrecanase or tumor necrosis factor α was found between 2 groups at 24 weeks. Our results suggest that intra-articular administration of IL-1Ra into the temporomandibular joint may be a good alternative for the treatment of cartilage degeneration in OA. There was also evidence confirming that supplemented IL-1Ra functions by modifying the signal transduction mechanisms specific to IL-1.
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Kaneyama K, Segami N, Yoshimura H, Honjo M, Demura N. Increased levels of soluble cytokine receptors in the synovial fluid of temporomandibular joint disorders in relation to joint effusion on magnetic resonance images. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 68:1088-93. [PMID: 20149511 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to clarify the significance of joint effusion (JE) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in comparison to various soluble cytokine receptors in the synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging of 55 TMJs of 55 patients with TMD was performed, and synovial fluid samples were obtained on the same day. The grade of JE was evaluated on a scale from 0 to 3, with grade 0 indicating the absence of JE and grades 1 to 3 indicating the presence of JE. Correlations were measured between JE and the concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II, interleukin (IL) 6 soluble receptor, IL-1 soluble receptor type II, and IL-1 receptor antagonist and protein in the synovial fluid samples. RESULTS The mean concentrations of cytokine receptors in the synovial fluid were significantly higher in the 30 joints with JE than in the 25 joints without JE. There were no correlations between the JE grade and the level of any mediators. CONCLUSION Increased levels of cytokine receptors are likely to influence the expression of JE and may play important roles in the pathogenesis of TMD. These results also suggest that JE may reflect synovial inflammation of the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiseki Kaneyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
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Temporomandibular joint pain and synovial fluid analysis: a review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67:2497-504. [PMID: 19837323 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of temporomandibular joint pain is not well understood. A significant amount of research has been conducted to evaluate synovial fluid in these patients and in healthy controls. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the synovial fluid have shown a significant difference between these groups. A multitude of inflammatory mediators and degradation products have been identified. The concentration of these products has been shown to correlate with several clinical parameters including pain, chronicity, severity of degenerative change, and response to treatment. A common inflammatory pathway would appear to be involved in most patients. At the present time, synovial fluid analysis does not have the sensitivity or specificity to allow specific diagnoses and targeted treatment. Continued research with the specific aim of establishing more appropriate therapeutic modalities based on the biochemical pathways is warranted.
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Hamada Y, Holmlund AB, Kondoh T, Nakaoka K, Sekiya H, Shiobara N, Gotoh A, Kumagai K, Suzuki R, Seto K. Severity of arthroscopically observed pathology and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the synovial fluid before and after visually guided temporomandibular joint irrigation correlated with the clinical outcome in patients with chronic closed lock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 106:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
As the article in the current issue by Shinoda and colleagues shows, during the last two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the understanding of basic biology behind chronic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, inflammation and destruction. The involvement and contribution of cytokines to TMJ pain and inflammation must now be considered as established, evident and fundamental. Based on the present knowledge, it is now possible to design and investigate novel therapeutic strategies. These new and very encouraging approaches include manipulation of cytokine function, immune reactivity and the behaviour of inflammatory cells while maintaining the integrity of the affected tissue.
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Hamada Y, Kondoh T, Holmlund AB, Sakota K, Nomura Y, Seto K. Cytokine and Clinical Predictors for Treatment Outcome of Visually Guided Temporomandibular Joint Irrigation in Patients With Chronic Closed Lock. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2007.06.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Matsumoto K, Honda K, Ohshima M, Yamaguchi Y, Nakajima I, Micke P, Otsuka K. Cytokine profile in synovial fluid from patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: a preliminary study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2007; 35:432-41. [PMID: 17082335 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/77288976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) comprise a group of chronic painful conditions of mastication in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Although the association between TMD and internal derangement of the TMJ is well documented, the functional relevance is still unclear. Increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators have been identified in the synovial fluid of affected patients with TMD, suggesting an underlying degenerative or inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to generate a comprehensive cytokine expression profile in TMD. METHODS 15 samples from patients with internal derangement of TMJ were analysed using a novel cytokine array that enables the analysis of 79 different cytokines simultaneously. RESULTS Cytokine levels were correlated with the presence of joint effusion (JE) determined by MRI. In the majority of synovial fluid samples, angiogenin (Ang), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-9, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8, inducible protein (IP)-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, osteoprotegerin (OPG), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-beta and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detectable. Furthermore, the expression levels of Ang, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), FGF-4, FGF-9, IGFBP-2, IL-8, MIP-1beta, OPG, pulmonary and activation-regulated protein (PARC), TGF-beta2, TIMP-2 and VEGF were significantly associated with the presence of JE; among these, nine cytokines (Ang, BDNF, FGF-4, FGF-9, IGFBP-2, MIP-1beta, PARC, TGF-beta2 and TIMP-2) were hitherto not described in TMD. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed previous reports of elevated cytokine levels in TMD. Additionally, we identified previously undescribed cytokines that were upregulated and correlated significantly with the presence of JE. We were able to identify novel cytokines that have hitherto not been described in TMD. Strategies targeting the identified cytokines may represent a novel therapy option in TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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Inflammatory cytokines correlated with clinical outcome of temporomandibular joint irrigation in patients with chronic closed lock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 102:596-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aida Y, Maeno M, Suzuki N, Namba A, Motohashi M, Matsumoto M, Makimura M, Matsumura H. The effect of IL-1β on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in human chondrocytes. Life Sci 2006; 79:764-71. [PMID: 16616208 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines released at sites of inflammation and infection can alter the normal processes of cartilage turnover, resulting in pathologic destruction or formation. Interleukin (IL)-1beta plays a central role in the pathophysiology of cartilage damage and degradation in arthritis. In the present study, we examined the effect of IL-1beta on the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and their receptors in human chondrocytes. The cells were cultured either with or without 100 U/ml of IL-1beta for up to 28 days. The level of expression of the cytokines and their receptors was estimated by determining mRNA levels using real-time PCR or by determining protein levels using ELISA. The expression of IL-1beta, IL-8, and TNF-alpha markedly increased in the presence of IL-1beta after day 14 of culture. The expression of IL-6 and IL-11 increased greatly in the presence of IL-1beta on day 1 and after day 14 of culture. The expression of IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-11, and TNF-alpha receptors significantly decreased in the presence of IL-1beta after day 14 of culture, whereas the expression of IL-6 receptor significantly increased. The expression of these cytokines, except for IL-6, decreased with the addition of human IL-1 receptor antagonist. These results suggest that IL-1beta promotes the resolution system of cartilage matrix turnover through an increase in inflammatory cytokine production by chondrocytes and that it also may promote the autocrine action of IL-6 through an increase in IL-6 receptor expression in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Aida
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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Kaneyama K, Segami N, Sun W, Sato J, Fujimura K. Levels of soluble cytokine factors in temporomandibular joint effusions seen on magnetic resonance images. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 99:411-8. [PMID: 15772591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the correlations between joint effusion (JE) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the levels of various cytokine receptors, cytokine antagonists, and protein in the synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). STUDY DESIGN Fifty-five TMJs of 55 patients with TMD were scanned by MRI, and synovial fluid samples were obtained on the same day. The grade of JE was evaluated on a scale of 0 to 3: Grades 0 and 1 indicated absence, and grades 2 and 3 indicated the presence of JE. Correlations were evaluated between JE and the concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II, respectively), IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6sR), IL-1 soluble receptor type II, and IL-1 receptor antagonist and protein in the synovial fluid of patients with TMD. RESULTS The concentrations of sTNFR-I and protein in the group with JE (18 joints) were significantly higher than in the group without JE (37 joints). In addition, there were significant positive correlations between the grade of JE and the levels of sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II, and protein. CONCLUSIONS sTNFRs and protein may play important roles in the pathogenesis of TMD. These mediators seem to influence the expression of JE, which may reflect synovial inflammation of the TMJ.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Arthralgia/metabolism
- Arthralgia/therapy
- Case-Control Studies
- Etanercept
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
- Joint Dislocations/metabolism
- Joint Dislocations/pathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Paracentesis
- Proteins/analysis
- Proteins/metabolism
- Range of Motion, Articular
- Receptors, Interleukin/analysis
- Receptors, Interleukin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/analysis
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/analysis
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/analysis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Sialoglycoproteins/analysis
- Sialoglycoproteins/metabolism
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Synovial Fluid/chemistry
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/metabolism
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/pathology
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/therapy
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiseki Kaneyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan.
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Kaneyama K, Segami N, Sun W, Sato J, Fujimura K. Analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II, interleukin-6 soluble receptor, interleukin-1 soluble receptor type II, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and protein in the synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 99:276-84. [PMID: 15716832 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the levels of various cytokines, cytokine receptors, and cytokine antagonists in the synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and to determine the correlations among these expression levels. STUDY DESIGN Synovial fluid was obtained from 55 patients with TMD and from 5 asymptomatic healthy volunteers as controls. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II), IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6sR), IL-1 soluble receptor type II, and IL-1 receptor antagonist were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, sTNFR-I, and sTNFR-II were significantly higher in the synovial fluid of patients than in controls (P < .05). TNF-alpha level was positively correlated with those of IL-6, sTNFR-I, and sTNFR-II. In particular, there was a highly significant positive correlation between sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II. CONCLUSION TNF and sTNFRs in the synovial fluid of patients with TMD may be important in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiseki Kaneyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa-Ken, Japan.
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Tanimoto K, Suzuki A, Ohno S, Honda K, Tanaka N, Doi T, Yoneno K, Ohno-Nakahara M, Nakatani Y, Ueki M, Tanne K. Effects of TGF-beta on hyaluronan anabolism in fibroblasts derived from the synovial membrane of the rabbit temporomandibular joint. J Dent Res 2004; 83:40-4. [PMID: 14691111 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) synthesis in the synovial membrane is affected by various chemical mediators. It is hypothesized that transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) would be a mediator to modulate HA synthesis in cultured synovial membrane fibroblasts of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Fibroblasts were extracted from the TMJ synovial membrane of four-week-old Japanese white rabbits. The amount of HA and expression levels of HA synthase (HAS) mRNAs induced by TGF-beta 1 treatment were analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography and real-time polymerase chain-reaction, respectively. Both medium and large amounts of HA were enhanced by the stimulation of TGF-beta 1. HAS2 mRNA expression was enhanced 13-fold after six-hour stimulation with TGF-beta 1 (10 ng/mL), whereas HAS3 mRNA expression was not changed significantly. These results suggest that TGF-beta 1 enhances the expression of HAS2 mRNA in the TMJ synovial membrane fibroblasts and may contribute to the production of high-molecular-weight HA in the joint fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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Discussion. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Eliav E, Teich S, Nitzan D, El Raziq DA, Nahlieli O, Tal M, Gracely RH, Benoliel R. Facial arthralgia and myalgia: can they be differentiated by trigeminal sensory assessment? Pain 2003; 104:481-490. [PMID: 12927620 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heat and electrical detection thresholds were assessed in 72 patients suffering from painful temporomandibular disorder. Employing widely accepted criteria, 44 patients were classified as suffering from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthralgia (i.e. pain originating from the TMJ) and 28 from myalgia (i.e. pain originating from the muscles of mastication). Electrical stimulation was employed to assess thresholds in large myelinated nerve fibers (Abeta) and heat application to assess thresholds in unmyelinated nerve fibers (C). The sensory tests were performed bilaterally in three trigeminal nerve sites: the auriculotemporal nerve territory (AUT), buccal nerve territory (BUC) and the mental nerve territory (MNT). In addition, 22 healthy asymptomatic controls were examined. A subset of ten arthralgia patients underwent arthrocentesis and electrical detection thresholds were additionally assessed following the procedure. Electrical detection threshold ratios were calculated by dividing the affected side by the control side, thus reduced ratios indicate hypersensitivity of the affected side. In control patients, ratios obtained at all sites did not vary significantly from the expected value of 'one' (mean with 95% confidence intervals; AUT, 1:0.95-1.06; BUC, 1.01:0.93-1.11; MNT, 0.97:0.88-1.05, all areas one sample analysis P>0.05). In arthralgia patients mean ratios (+/-SEM) obtained for the AUT territory (0.63+/-0.03) were significantly lower compared to ratios for the MNT (1.02+/-0.03) and BUC (0.96+/-0.04) territories (repeated measures analysis of variance (RANOVA), P<0.0001) and compared to the AUT ratios in myalgia (1.27+/-0.09) and control subjects (1+/-0.06, ANOVA, P<0.0001). In the myalgia group the electrical detection threshold ratios in the AUT territory were significantly elevated compared to the AUT ratios in control subjects (Dunnett test, P<0.05), but only approached statistical significance compared to the MNT (1.07+/-0.04) and BUC (1.11+/-0.06) territories (RANOVA, F(2,27)=3.12, P=0.052). There were no significant differences between and within the groups for electrical detection threshold ratios in the BUC and MNT nerve territories, and for the heat detection thresholds in all tested sites. Following arthrocentesis, mean electrical detection threshold ratios in the AUT territory were significantly elevated from 0.64+/-0.06 to 0.99+/-0.04 indicating resolution of the hypersensitivity (paired t-test, P=0.001). In conclusion, large myelinated fiber hypersensitivity is found in the skin overlying TMJs with clinical pain and pathology but is not found in controls. In patients with muscle-related facial pain there was significant elevation of the electrical detection threshold in the AUT region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Eliav
- Department of Oral Diagnosis Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel Private practice, Tel Aviv, Israel Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel Pain and Neurosensory Mechanisms Branch, NICDR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hirose J, Ryan LM, Masuda I. Up-regulated expression of cartilage intermediate-layer protein and ANK in articular hyaline cartilage from patients with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2002; 46:3218-29. [PMID: 12483726 DOI: 10.1002/art.10632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excess accumulation of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (ePPi) in aged human cartilage is crucial in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal formation in cartilage matrix. Two sources of ePPi are ePPi-generating ectoenzymes (NTPPPH) and extracellular transport of intracellular PPi by ANK. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of NTPPPH and ANK in ePPi elaboration, by investigating expression of NTPPPH enzymes (cartilage intermediate-layer protein [CILP] and plasma cell membrane glycoprotein 1 [PC-1]) and ANK in human chondrocytes from osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage containing CPPD crystals and without crystals. METHODS Chondrocytes were harvested from knee cartilage at the time of arthroplasty (OA with CPPD crystals [CPPD], n = 8; OA without crystals [OA], n = 10). Normal adult human chondrocytes (n = 1) were used as a control. Chondrocytes were cultured with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), which stimulates ePPi elaboration, and/or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which inhibits ePPi elaboration. NTPPPH and ePPi were measured in the media at 48 hours. Media CILP, PC-1, and ANK were determined by dot-immunoblot analysis. Chondrocyte messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to study expression of mRNA for CILP, PC-1, and ANK. NTPPPH and ANK mRNA and protein were also studied in fresh frozen cartilage. RESULTS Basal ePPi elaboration and NTPPPH activity in conditioned media from CPPD chondrocytes were elevated compared with normal chondrocytes, and tended to be higher compared with OA chondrocytes. Basal expression of mRNA for CILP (chondrocytes) and ANK (cartilage) was higher in both CPPD chondrocytes and CPPD cartilage extract than in OA or normal samples. PC-1 mRNA was less abundant in CPPD chondrocytes and cartilage extract than in OA chondrocytes and extract, although the difference was not significant. CILP, PC-1, and ANK protein levels were similar in CPPD, OA, and normal chondrocytes or cartilage extracts. Both CILP and ANK mRNA expression and ePPi elaboration were stimulated by TGFbeta1 and inhibited by IGF-1 in chondrocytes from all sources. CONCLUSION CILP and ANK mRNA expression correlates with chondrocyte ePPi accumulation around CPPD and OA chondrocytes, and all respond similarly to growth factor stimulation. These findings suggest that up-regulated CILP and ANK expression contributes to higher ePPi accumulation from CPPD crystal-forming cartilage.
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Kaneyama K, Segami N, Nishimura M, Suzuki T, Sato J. Importance of proinflammatory cytokines in synovial fluid from 121 joints with temporomandibular disorders. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(02)00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kuwabara M, Takuma T, Scott PG, Dodd CM, Mizoguchi I. Biochemical and immunohistochemical studies of the protein expression and localization of decorin and biglycan in the temporomandibular joint disc of growing rats. Arch Oral Biol 2002; 47:473-80. [PMID: 12102764 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(02)00021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the growth-related changes in extracellular matrix components, biochemical/immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine the protein expression and localization of two small leucine-rich proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, in the temporomandibular joint discs of growing rats. Western blotting showed that the protein expression of decorin increased with age, but that of biglycan gradually decreased. An immunohistochemical study showed that staining for decorin was weak and homogeneously distributed in the discs from birth to 2 weeks. Regional differences in staining for decorin became prominent at 4, 8 and 16 weeks; decorin was more abundant in the peripheral area (the periphery of the band and the attachment) than in the central area (the intermediate zone and central area of the posterior band). In contrast, staining for biglycan was evenly distributed throughout the disc until 4 weeks, and after that became rather intense in the anterior and posterior bands. These results demonstrate that there are growth-related changes and regional differences in the expression of biglycan and decorin in the temporomandibular joint discs of growing rats, which probably reflect changes in the biomechanical environment caused by the development of orofacial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Kuwabara
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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Nishimura M, Segami N, Kaneyama K, Suzuki T, Miyamaru M. Proinflammatory cytokines and arthroscopic findings of patients with internal derangement and osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002; 40:68-71. [PMID: 11883975 DOI: 10.1054/bjom.2001.0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the correlations between the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in synovial fluid and the degree of synovitis on the one hand, and the degree of degeneration of articular cartilage on the other hand, in patients with internal derangement and osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint. We measured the concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6 and IL-8 in synovial fluid and the degree of arthroscopic synovitis and degeneration of articular cartilage in 37 joints with internal derangement and osteoarthritis. The correlations between the concentration of each cytokine and the score of each arthroscopic feature were analysed statistically. The detection rates of IL-1beta,TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 were 57%, 78%, 89% and 70%, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the IL-6 concentration and the synovitis score (P = 0.02). Measurement of IL-6 in synovial fluid might be useful as an indicator of the extent of synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.
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