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Anekwe CV, Ahn YJ, Bajaj SS, Stanford FC. Pharmacotherapy causing weight gain and metabolic alteration in those with obesity and obesity-related conditions: A review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1533:145-155. [PMID: 38385953 PMCID: PMC11057385 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to summarize pharmacological interventions that may affect adiposity and metabolic equilibrium in individuals with obesity. Pharmacological therapy is frequently used to treat medical conditions that are both directly related to obesity (such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes) and indirectly related to obesity (such as asthma, insomnia, and type 1 diabetes). This pharmacological therapy may result in weight gain and alterations in the metabolic profile. Many medication classes are implicated in the pharmacologic causes of weight gain, including antipsychotics, glucocorticoids, beta-adrenergic blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, insulin, neuropathic agents, sleep agents, and steroids. This article describes the mechanisms of action and pathways of pharmacological interventions causing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika V. Anekwe
- Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Weight Center, Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology-Metabolism Unit, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoon Ji Ahn
- Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Weight Center, Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology-Metabolism Unit, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Weight Center, Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology-Neuroendocrine Unit and Department of Pediatrics-Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard (NORCH), Boston, MA, USA
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Suthar SK, Alam MM, Lee J, Monga J, Joseph A, Lee SY. Bioinformatic Analyses of Canonical Pathways of TSPOAP1 and its Roles in Human Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:667947. [PMID: 34212002 PMCID: PMC8239723 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.667947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TSPO-associated protein 1 (TSPOAP1) is a cytoplasmic protein and is closely associated with its mitochondrial transmembrane protein partner translocator protein (TSPO). To decipher the canonical signalling pathways of TSPOAP1, its role in human diseases and disorders, and relationship with TSPO; expression analyses of TSPOAP1- and TSPO-associated human genes were performed by Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). In the expression analysis, necroptosis and sirtuin signalling pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammasome were the top canonical pathways for both TSPOAP1 and TSPO, confirming the close relationship between these two proteins. A distribution analysis of common proteins in all the canonical pathways predicted for TSPOAP1 revealed that tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1), T-cell receptor (TCR), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK or PRKDC), and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) were the major interaction partners of TSPOAP1, highlighting the role of TSPOAP1 in inflammation, particularly neuroinflammation. An analysis of the overlap between TSPO and TSPOAP1 Homo sapiens genes and top-ranked canonical pathways indicated that TSPO and TSPOAP1 interact via voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDAC1/2/3). A heat map analysis indicated that TSPOAP1 has critical roles in inflammatory, neuroinflammatory, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases and disorders, and cancer. Taken together, this information improves our understanding of the mechanism of action and biological functions of TSPOAP1 as well as its relationship with TSPO; furthermore, these results could provide new directions for in-depth functional studies of TSPOAP1 aimed at unmasking its detailed functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | - Jihye Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jitender Monga
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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Izumida T, Nakamura Y, Sato Y, Ishikawa S. The Association between Sleeping Pill Use and Metabolic Syndrome in an Apparently Healthy Population in Japan: JMS-II Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2020; 32:145-150. [PMID: 33162423 PMCID: PMC8824657 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleeping pills are widely used for sleep disorders and insomnia. This population-based study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of sleeping pills and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic components in an apparently healthy Japanese cohort. Methods We examined baseline cross-sectional data from the JMS-II Cohort Study. The criteria for MetS and its components were based on The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Sleep habits including the sleep duration of the subjects and the frequency of sleeping pill use were obtained using The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. For different sleep durations, the association between sleeping pill use and MetS was assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression models to quantify this association. Results Our study included 6,153 individuals (mean age, 63.8 [standard deviation 11.2] years), and 3,348 (54.4%) among them were women. The association between sleep duration and MetS was an inverted J-shaped curve among sleeping pill users and a J-shaped curve among non-users. After adjustment for various confounders, less than 6 h of sleep among sleeping pill users was associated with increased rates of MetS (<6 h, OR 3.08; 95% CI, 1.29–7.34]). The frequency of sleeping pill use in individuals with short sleep duration showed a positive association with the prevalence of MetS and its components. Conclusions Sleeping pill users with a short sleep duration had a 3-fold higher chance of having MetS than non-users with a short sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Izumida
- Division of Community Medicine, Kanawaza Medical University Himi Municipal Hospital
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | | | - Shizukiyo Ishikawa
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University
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Hypermethylation of the TSPOAP1-AS1 Promoter May Be Associated with Obesity in Overweight/Obese Korean Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093307. [PMID: 32392798 PMCID: PMC7246878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major chronic disease associated with the risk of serious cardiovascular or endocrinal diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and stroke. Considerable interest has been directed towards the potential effects of epigenetic variations in obesity. In this study, we evaluated DNA methylation level at the promoter region of the gene encoding TSPO-associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1 (TSPOAP1-AS1) in 80 overweight/obese subjects (body mass index (BMI) > 25) and 104 non-obese subjects who participated in the SOPI-Stroke study in Korea. DNA methylation was measured using bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BSAS). A general linear model or relative correlation was used to determine the effects of DNA methylation on obesity and obese phenotypes. Notably, the mean level of DNA methylation was significantly higher in the overweight/obese group than in the non-obese group (18.62% vs. 17.18%). Further analyses revealed significant positive correlations of the BMI, the serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with the DNA methylation level (p = 0.0493, p = 0.003, and p = 0.0094, respectively). The study findings suggest an association between DNA methylation at the TSPOAP1-AS1 promoter and overweight/obesity. Accordingly, methylation in this promoter region might be a potential predictor of obesity.
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Evaluation of the Anxiolytic Effect of Vitex agnus-castus on Female Mice and Possible Role of Estrogen Receptors. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.63570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lan H, Chen M, Flowers JB, Yandell BS, Stapleton DS, Mata CM, Mui ETK, Flowers MT, Schueler KL, Manly KF, Williams RW, Kendziorski C, Attie AD. Combined expression trait correlations and expression quantitative trait locus mapping. PLoS Genet 2006; 2:e6. [PMID: 16424919 PMCID: PMC1331977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated regulation of gene expression levels across a series of experimental conditions provides valuable information about the functions of correlated transcripts. The consideration of gene expression correlation over a time or tissue dimension has proved valuable in predicting gene function. Here, we consider correlations over a genetic dimension. In addition to identifying coregulated genes, the genetic dimension also supplies us with information about the genomic locations of putative regulatory loci. We calculated correlations among approximately 45,000 expression traits derived from 60 individuals in an F2 sample segregating for obesity and diabetes. By combining the correlation results with linkage mapping information, we were able to identify regulatory networks, make functional predictions for uncharacterized genes, and characterize novel members of known pathways. We found evidence of coordinate regulation of 174 G protein–coupled receptor protein signaling pathway expression traits. Of the 174 traits, 50 had their major LOD peak within 10 cM of a locus on Chromosome 2, and 81 others had a secondary peak in this region. We also characterized a Riken cDNA clone that showed strong correlation with stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression. Experimental validation confirmed that this clone is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. We conclude that trait correlation combined with linkage mapping can reveal regulatory networks that would otherwise be missed if we studied only mRNA traits with statistically significant linkages in this small cross. The combined analysis is more sensitive compared with linkage mapping alone. In order to annotate gene function and identify potential members of regulatory networks, the authors explore correlation of expression profiles across a genetic dimension, namely genotypes segregating in a panel of 60 F2 mice derived from a cross used to explore diabetes in obese mice. They first identified 6,016 seed transcripts for which they observe that the gene expression is linked to a particular region of the genome. Then they searched for transcripts whose expression is highly correlated with the seed transcripts and tested for enrichment of common biological functions among the lists of correlated transcripts. They found and explored the properties of 1,341 sets of transcripts that share a particular “gene ontology” term. Thirty-eight seeds in the G protein–coupled receptor protein signaling pathway were correlated with 174 transcripts, all of which are also annotated as G protein–coupled receptor protein signaling pathway and 131 of which share a regulatory locus on Chromosome 2. The authors note many of these findings would have been missed by simple expression quantitative trait loci analysis without the correlation step. The approach was used to identify a common set of genes involved in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jessica B Flowers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brian S Yandell
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Donnie S Stapleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christine M Mata
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric Ton-Keen Mui
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew T Flowers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kenneth F Manly
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert W Williams
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Chiu CS, Brickley S, Jensen K, Southwell A, Mckinney S, Cull-Candy S, Mody I, Lester HA. GABA transporter deficiency causes tremor, ataxia, nervousness, and increased GABA-induced tonic conductance in cerebellum. J Neurosci 2005; 25:3234-45. [PMID: 15788781 PMCID: PMC6725086 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3364-04.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA transporter subtype 1 (GAT1) knock-out (KO) mice display normal reproduction and life span but have reduced body weight (female, -10%; male, -20%) and higher body temperature fluctuations in the 0.2-1.5/h frequency range. Mouse GAT1 (mGAT1) KO mice exhibit motor disorders, including gait abnormality, constant 25-32 Hz tremor, which is aggravated by flunitrazepam, reduced rotarod performance, and reduced locomotor activity in the home cage. Open-field tests show delayed exploratory activity, reduced rearing, and reduced visits to the central area, with no change in the total distance traveled. The mGAT1 KO mice display no difference in acoustic startle response but exhibit a deficiency in prepulse inhibition. These open-field and prepulse inhibition results suggest that the mGAT1 KO mice display mild anxiety or nervousness. The compromised GABA uptake in mGAT1 KO mice results in an increased GABA(A) receptor-mediated tonic conductance in both cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells. The reduced rate of GABA clearance from the synaptic cleft is probably responsible for the slower decay of spontaneous IPSCs in cerebellar granule cells. There is little or no compensatory change in other proteins or structures related to GABA transmission in the mGAT1 KO mice, including GAT1-independent GABA uptake, number of GABAergic interneurons, and GABA(A)-, vesicular GABA transporter-, GAD65-, and GAT3-immunoreactive structures in cerebellum or hippocampus. Therefore, the excessive extracellular GABA present in mGAT1 KO mice results in behaviors that partially phenocopy the clinical side effects of tiagabine, suggesting that these side effects are inherent to a therapeutic strategy that targets the widely expressed GAT1 transporter system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sung Chiu
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abstract
Naturally occurring estrogen-like molecules in plants (phytoestrogens), present via soy, in animal diets, exert many of the biological responses evoked by physiological estrogens. This study characterized the effects of dietary phytoestrogens on the expression of body weight, consummatory behavior, and anxiety (as expressed in the elevated plus-maze). Phytoestrogens produced anxiolytic effects in both male and female Long-Evans rats. Additionally, phytoestrogens decreased body weight but increased consumption of food and/or water.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Lund
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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