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Madrigal-Santillán E, Portillo-Reyes J, Morales-González JA, Garcia-Melo LF, Serra-Pérez E, Vidović K, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Álvarez-González I, Madrigal-Bujaidar E. Evaluation of the Antigenotoxic Potential of Two Types of Chayote ( Sechium edule) Juices. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2132. [PMID: 39124250 PMCID: PMC11314257 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz is a perennial herbaceous climbing plant with tendrils and tuberous roots belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Its fruits ("chayote"), stems, roots, and leaves are edible and are commonly ingested by humans. It has shown medicinal properties attributed to its bioactive compounds (vitamins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, triterpenoids, polyphenolic compounds, phytosterols, and cucurbitacins), which together have been associated with the control and prevention of chronic and infectious diseases, highlighting its antibacterial, anti-cardiovascular/antihypertensive, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, and antioxidant activities. The objective of the study was to determine the antigenotoxic potential of two types of fresh chayote juice (filtered (FChJ) and unfiltered (UFChJ)) against DNA damage produced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) using an in vivo mouse peripheral blood micronucleus assay (MN). The juices were consumed freely for 2 weeks. A negative control, a control group of each juice, a positive batch [B[a]P], and two combined batches (B[a]P plus FChJ or UFChJ) were included. Blood smears were stained and observed under a microscope to quantify the number of micronucleated normochromic erythrocytes (MNNEs). The results indicate: (a) B[a]P increased the frequency of MNNEs and reduced the rate of PEs; and (b) no juice produced toxic effects or induced MN. On the contrary, both juices were genoprotective. However, the most significant effect was presented by UFChJ at the end of the experiment (70%). It is suggested that UFChJ has a greater amount of fiber and/or phytochemicals that favor the therapeutic effect. Possibly, the genoprotection is also related to its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (J.P.-R.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Jacqueline Portillo-Reyes
- Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (J.P.-R.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (J.P.-R.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Luis F. Garcia-Melo
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología e Ingeniería Molecular, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico;
| | - Estrella Serra-Pérez
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Kristijan Vidović
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico;
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico; (I.Á.-G.); (E.M.-B.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico; (I.Á.-G.); (E.M.-B.)
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Elbouzidi A, Taibi M, Ouassou H, Ouahhoud S, Ou-Yahia D, Loukili EH, Aherkou M, Mansouri F, Bencheikh N, Laaraj S, Bellaouchi R, Saalaoui E, Elfazazi K, Berrichi A, Abid M, Addi M. Exploring the Multi-Faceted Potential of Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua var. Rahma) Leaves from Morocco: A Comprehensive Analysis of Polyphenols Profile, Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Lines, and Genotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:840. [PMID: 37375787 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The botanical species Ceratonia siliqua L., commonly referred to as the Carob tree, and locally as "L'Kharrûb", holds significance as an agro-sylvo-pastoral species, and is traditionally utilized in Morocco for treating a variety of ailments. This current investigation aims to ascertain the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of C. siliqua leaves (CSEE). Initially, we analyzed the chemical composition of CSEE through high-performance liquid chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD). Subsequently, we conducted various assessments, including DPPH scavenging capacity, β-carotene bleaching assay, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity assays to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extract. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of CSEE against five bacterial strains (two gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis; and three gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Escherichia vekanda, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi (Candida albicans, and Geotrichum candidum). Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of CSEE on three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-436) and assessed the potential genotoxicity of the extract using the comet assay. Through HPLC-DAD analysis, we determined that phenolic acids and flavonoids were the primary constituents of the CSEE extract. The results of the DPPH test indicated a potent scavenging capacity of the extract with an IC50 of 302.78 ± 7.55 µg/mL, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 260.24 ± 6.45 µg/mL. Similarly, the β-carotene test demonstrated an IC50 of 352.06 ± 12.16 µg/mL, signifying the extract's potential to inhibit oxidative damage. The ABTS assay revealed IC50 values of 48.13 ± 3.66 TE µmol/mL, indicating a strong ability of CSEE to scavenge ABTS radicals, and the TAC assay demonstrated an IC50 value of 165 ± 7.66 µg AAE/mg. The results suggest that the CSEE extract had potent antioxidant activity. Regarding its antimicrobial activity, the CSEE extract was effective against all five tested bacterial strains, indicating its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. However, it only showed moderate activity against the two tested fungal strains, suggesting it may not be as effective against fungi. The CSEE exhibited a noteworthy dose-dependent inhibitory activity against all the tested tumor cell lines in vitro. The extract did not induce DNA damage at the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL, as assessed by the comet assay. However, the 100 µg/mL concentration of CSEE resulted in a significant genotoxic effect compared to the negative control. A computational analysis was conducted to determine the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the constituent molecules present in the extract. The Prediction of Activity Spectra of Substances (PASS) test was employed to forecast the potential biological activities of these molecules. Additionally, the toxicity of the molecules was evaluated using the Protox II webserver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Taibi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Centre de l'Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Hayat Ouassou
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Sabir Ouahhoud
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Douâae Ou-Yahia
- Centre de l'Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Centre de l'Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Aherkou
- Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed Vth University, N.U, Rabat B.P 8007, Morocco
- Centre Mohammed VI For Research and Innovation (CM6), Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat B.P 6212, Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Bencheikh
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Salah Laaraj
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Reda Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Ennouamane Saalaoui
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Kaoutar Elfazazi
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Abdelbasset Berrichi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Malika Abid
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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Darvish Damavandi R, Shidfar F, Najafi M, Janani L, Masoodi M, Heshmati J, Ziaei S. Effect of portulaca oleracea (purslane) extract on inflammatory factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Centella asiatica-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:5S-22S. [PMID: 36812692 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231158272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 9 Centella asiatica-derived ingredients, which reportedly function primarily as skin conditioning agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients. The Panel concluded that Centella Asiatica Extract, Centella Asiatica Callus Culture, Centella Asiatica Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract, Centella Asiatica Leaf Cell Culture Extract, Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract, Centella Asiatica Leaf Water, Centella Asiatica Meristem Cell Culture, Centella Asiatica Meristem Cell Culture Extract, and Centella Asiatica Root Extract are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-sensitizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
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Rivera-Martínez AR, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Cadena-Iñiguez J, Soto-Cruz I, Monroy-García A, Gómez-García G, Ledesma-Martínez E, Weiss-Steider B, Santiago-Osorio E. Fruit Extract of Sechium chinantlense (Lira & F. Chiang) Induces Apoptosis in the Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cell Line. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030667. [PMID: 36771372 PMCID: PMC9920575 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sechium edule (Cucurbitaceae) is a commercial species of chayote and is just one of several species in the genus Sechium, whose extracts inhibit proliferation in tumor cell lines. The capacity of the wild species Sechium chinantlense (SCH) as an antitumor agent is unknown, as is the mechanism of action. In the present study, HeLa cervical cancer and HaCaT normal cell lines were treated with SCH and cell proliferation was inhibited in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner similar to the effect of the antineoplastic agent cisplatin (Cis). Additionally, SCH arrested cell cycle progression but only in HeLa cells and induced apoptosis, as shown by phosphatidylserine translocation and caspase-3 activation, while Cis did so in both cell lines. Exploration of the mechanism of action of SCH in HeLa cells suggests that apoptosis was mediated by the intrinsic signaling pathway since there was no activation of caspase-8, but there was a release of cytochrome-c. These findings suggest that the SCH extract has the potential to selectively kill tumor cells by promoting apoptosis, without harming nontumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rocío Rivera-Martínez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City CP 09230, Mexico
| | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City CP 09230, Mexico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City CP 56410, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cadena-Iñiguez
- Innovation in Natural Resource Management, Postgraduate College, Campus San Luis Potosí, Salinas de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí CP 78622, Mexico
| | - Isabel Soto-Cruz
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City CP 09230, Mexico
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Immunology and Cancer Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Gómez-García
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City CP 09230, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City CP 09230, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City CP 09230, Mexico
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City CP 09230, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Antioxidant Activity, Metal Chelating Ability and DNA Protective Effect of the Hydroethanolic Extracts of Crocus sativus Stigmas, Tepals and Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050932. [PMID: 35624796 PMCID: PMC9137568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the antioxidant activity, metal chelating ability and genoprotective effect of the hydroethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus stigmas (STG), tepals (TPL) and leaves (LV). We evaluated the antioxidant and metal (Fe2+ and Cu2+) chelating activities of the stigmas, tepals and leaves of C. sativus. Similarly, we examined the genotoxic and DNA protective effect of these parts on rat leukocytes by comet assay. The results showed that TPL contains the best polyphenol content (64.66 µg GA eq/mg extract). The highest radical scavenging activity is shown by the TPL (DPPH radical scavenging activity: IC50 = 80.73 µg/mL). The same extracts gave a better ferric reducing power at a dose of 50 µg/mL, and better protective activity against β-carotene degradation (39.31% of oxidized β-carotene at a 100 µg/mL dose). In addition, they showed a good chelating ability of Fe2+ (48.7% at a 500 µg/mL dose) and Cu2+ (85.02% at a dose of 500 µg/mL). Thus, the antioxidant activity and metal chelating ability in the C. sativus plant is important, and it varies according to the part and dose used. In addition, pretreatment with STG, TPL and LV significantly (p < 0.001) protected rat leukocytes against the elevation of percent DNA in the tail, tail length and tail moment in streptozotocin- and alloxan-induced DNA damage. These results suggest that C. sativus by-products contain natural antioxidant, metal chelating and DNA protective compounds, which are capable of reducing the risk of cancer and other diseases associated with daily exposure to genotoxic xenobiotics.
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Darvish Damavandi R, Shidfar F, Najafi M, Janani L, Masoodi M, Akbari-Fakhrabadi M, Dehnad A. Effect of Portulaca Oleracea (purslane) extract on liver enzymes, lipid profile, and glycemic status in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3145-3156. [PMID: 33880813 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is the richest green leafy vegetable source of omega-3, especially alpha linolenic acid (ALA). Experimental studies have shown beneficial effects of purslane extract on liver enzymes. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of purslane hydroalcohoic extract in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In a randomized double-blinded clinical trial, 74 patients were randomly assigned to receive either 300 mg purslane extract or placebo capsules for 12 weeks. Compared with baseline, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (-9 [-17, 0.50] mg/dl; p = .007), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (-4 [-10, -0.50] mg/dl; p = .001), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) (-6.21 ± 9.85 mg/dL; p < .001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-8 [-11, -1.50] mg/dl; p < .001) insulin resistance (-0.95 ± 2.23; p = .020), triglyceride (-20 [-67.50, 3.50] mg/dl; p = .010), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (-5 [-12, -1] mg/dl; p < .001) decreased significantly in the purslane group. At the end of study, no significant changes were observed in liver steatosis grade, insulin, liver enzymes, total bilirubin, lipid profile, and blood pressure between the two groups. The findings of our study show that purslane extract at the dose of 300 mg/day for 12 weeks has no significant effects on liver enzymes, lipid profile, and glycemic indices in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Colorectal Research Center, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Masoodi
- Colorectal Research Center, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari-Fakhrabadi
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Dehnad
- School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Department of Medical Education, Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Porzani SJ, Lima ST, Metcalf JS, Nowruzi B. In Vivo and In Vitro Toxicity Testing of Cyanobacterial Toxins: A Mini-Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 258:109-150. [PMID: 34622370 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are increasing and becoming a worldwide concern as many bloom-forming cyanobacterial species can produce toxic metabolites named cyanotoxins. These include microcystins, saxitoxins, anatoxins, nodularins, and cylindrospermopsins, which can adversely affect humans, animals, and the environment. Different methods to assess these classes of compounds in vitro and in vivo include biological, biochemical, molecular, and physicochemical techniques. Furthermore, toxic effects not attributable to known cyanotoxins can be observed when assessing bloom material. In order to determine exposures to cyanotoxins and to monitor compliance with drinking and bathing water guidelines, it is necessary to have reliable and effective methods for the analysis of these compounds. Many relatively simple low-cost methods can be employed to rapidly evaluate the potential hazard. The main objective of this mini-review is to describe the assessment of toxic cyanobacterial samples using in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Newly emerging cyanotoxins, the toxicity of analogs, or the interaction of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins with other toxicants, among others, still requires bioassay assessment. This review focuses on some biological and biochemical assays (MTT assay, Immunohistochemistry, Micronucleus Assay, Artemia salina assay, Daphnia magna test, Radionuclide recovery, Neutral red cytotoxicity and Comet assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Annexin V-FITC assay and Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay (PPIA)) for the detection and measurement of cyanotoxins including microcystins, cylindrospermopsins, anatoxin-a, saxitoxins, and nodularins. Although most bioassay analyses often confirm the presence of cyanotoxins at low concentrations, such bioassays can be used to determine whether some strains or blooms of cyanobacteria may produce other, as yet unknown toxic metabolites. This review also aims to identify research needs and data gaps concerning the toxicity assessment of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh J Porzani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stella T Lima
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Bahareh Nowruzi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Geck MS, Cristians S, Berger-González M, Casu L, Heinrich M, Leonti M. Traditional Herbal Medicine in Mesoamerica: Toward Its Evidence Base for Improving Universal Health Coverage. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1160. [PMID: 32848768 PMCID: PMC7411306 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of health care in Mesoamerica is influenced by its rich cultural diversity and characterized by social inequalities. Especially indigenous and rural communities confront diverse barriers to accessing formal health services, leading to often conflicting plurimedical systems. Fostering integrative medicine is a fundamental pillar for achieving universal health coverage (UHC) for marginalized populations. Recent developments toward health sovereignty in the region are concerned with assessing the role of traditional medicines, and particularly herbal medicines, to foster accessible and culturally pertinent healthcare provision models. In Mesoamerica, as in most regions of the world, a wealth of information on traditional and complementary medicine has been recorded. Yet these data are often scattered, making it difficult for policy makers to regulate and integrate traditionally used botanical products into primary health care. This critical review is based on a quantitative analysis of 28 survey papers focusing on the traditional use of botanical drugs in Mesoamerica used for the compilation of the "Mesoamerican Medicinal Plant Database" (MAMPDB), which includes a total of 12,537 use-records for 2188 plant taxa. Our approach presents a fundamental step toward UHC by presenting a pharmacological and toxicological review of the cross-culturally salient plant taxa and associated botanical drugs used in traditional medicine in Mesoamerica. Especially for native herbal drugs, data about safety and effectiveness are limited. Commonly used cross-culturally salient botanical drugs, which are considered safe but for which data on effectiveness is lacking constitute ideal candidates for treatment outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S. Geck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Biovision – Foundation for Ecological Development, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sol Cristians
- Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Berger-González
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Heath, Swiss TPH, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Casu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Alba TM, Pelegrin CMGD, Sobottka AM. Ethnobotany, ecology, pharmacology, and chemistry of Anredera cordifolia (Basellaceae): a review. RODRIGUÉSIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The potential of a plant with medicinal and nutritional properties, Anredera cordifolia, is reviewed. Its common names include “Bertalha” and “folha gorda” and it is popularly used for wound healing and against fungal infections and other types of infection. Its pharmacological properties have been widely investigated and acknowledged, especially with regard to its antibacterial activity, which improves the healing of wounds infected by Staphylococcus aureus, and to its antifungal activity against Candida albicans. It is an unconventional food plant, with leaves and aerial tubers used as food prepared in varied ways. It is also considered an invasive plant in several countries and thus classified as a weed. Its characteristics of a Brazilian native plant, with proven medicinal properties and unconventional use as food, underlie our study on its ecology and botanical classification, as well as the pharmacological assays and screening of chemical constituents.
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Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Dias MI, Vasilakoglou IB, Petrotos K, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Nutritional Value, Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Properties of Common Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) in Relation to Harvesting Stage and Plant Part. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080293. [PMID: 31398846 PMCID: PMC6720689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) is a widespread weed, which is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value with particular reference to the content in omega-3 fatty acids. In the present study, the nutritional value and chemical composition of purslane plants in relation to plant part and harvesting stage were evaluated. Plants were harvested at three growth stages (29, 43 and 52 days after sowing (DAS)), while the edible aerial parts were separated into stems and leaves. Leaves contained higher amounts of macronutrients than stems, especially at 52 DAS. α-tocopherol was the main isoform, which increased at 52 DAS, as well total tocopherols (values were in the ranges of 197–327 μg/100 g fresh weight (fw) and 302–481 μg/100 g fw, for α-tocopherol and total tocopherols, respectively). Glucose and fructose were the main free sugars in stems and leaves, respectively, whereas stems contained higher amounts of total sugars (values were ranged between 0.83 g and 1.28 g/100 g fw). Oxalic and total organic acid content was higher in leaves, especially at the last harvesting stage (52 DAS; 8.6 g and 30.3 g/100 g fw for oxalic acid and total organic acids, respectively). Regarding the fatty acid content, stems contained mainly palmitic (20.2–21.8%) and linoleic acid (23.02–27.11%), while leaves were abundant in α-linolenic acid (35.4–54.92%). Oleracein A and C were the major oleracein derivatives in leaves, regardless of the harvesting stage (values were in the ranges of 8.2–103.0 mg and 21.2–143 mg/100 g dried weight (dw) for oleraceins A and C, respectively). Cytotoxicity assays showed no hepatotoxicity, with GI50 values being higher than 400 μg/mL for all the harvesting stages and plant parts. In conclusion, early harvesting and the separation of plant parts could increase the nutritional value of the final product through increasing the content of valuable compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids, phenolic compounds and oleracein derivatives, while at the same time, the contents of anti-nutritional compounds such as oxalic acid are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece.
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ioannis B Vasilakoglou
- Department of Crop Production-Agrotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Crop Production-Agrotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Vieira EF, Pinho O, Ferreira IM, Delerue-Matos C. Chayote (Sechium edule): A review of nutritional composition, bioactivities and potential applications. Food Chem 2019; 275:557-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Razak MFA. Mutagenic Potential of Medicinal Polyherbal Preparations. JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES AND MEDICINES 2019; 07:10-19. [DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2019.711002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Andeden EE, Ozturk S, Aslim B. Antiproliferative, neurotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of toxic cyanobacterial extracts. Interdiscip Toxicol 2018; 11:267-274. [PMID: 31762678 PMCID: PMC6853012 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2018-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the rich resource of various secondary metabolites including toxins with broad pharmaceutical significance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antiproliferative, neurotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of cyanobacterial extracts containing Microcystin-LR (MCLR) in vitro. ELISA analysis results showed that MCLR contents of five cyanobacterial extracts were 2.07 ng/mL, 1.43 ng/mL, 1.41 ng/mL, 1.27 ng/mL, and 1.12 ng/mL for Leptolyngbya sp. SB1, Phormidium sp. SB4, Oscillatoria earlei SB5, Phormidium sp. SB2, Uncultured cyanobacterium, respectively. Phormidium sp. SB4 and Phormidium sp. SB2 extracts had the lowest neurotoxicity (86% and 79% cell viability, respectively) and Oscillatoria earlei SB5 extracts had the highest neurotoxicity (47% cell viability) on PC12 cell at 1000 µg/ml extract concentration. Leptolyngbya sp. SB1 and Phormidium sp. SB2 showed the highest antiproliferative effect (92% and 77% cell death) on HT29 cell. On the other hand, all concentrations of five toxic cyanobacterial extracts induced DNA damage between 3.0% and 1.3% of tail intensity and did not cause any direct mutagenic effect at the 1000 µg/plate cyanobacterial extracts. These results suggest that cyanobacteria-derived MCLR is a promising candidate for development of effective agents against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Ersoy Andeden
- Molecular biology and genetics, Life sciences, Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Sahlan Ozturk
- Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Architecture, Life sciences, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Belma Aslim
- Biology, Faculty of Science, Life sciences, Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
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Xiu F, Li X, Zhang W, He F, Ying X, Stien D. A new alkaloid from Portulaca oleracea L. and its antiacetylcholinesterase activity. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2583-2590. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1460833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xiu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan He
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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Iranshahy M, Javadi B, Iranshahi M, Jahanbakhsh SP, Mahyari S, Hassani FV, Karimi G. A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Portulaca oleracea L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 205:158-172. [PMID: 28495602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Portulaca oleracea L. is a widespread medicinal plant that is used not only as an edible plant, but also as a traditional medicine for alleviating a wide spectrum of diseases. It is a well-known plant in the European Traditional Medicine. PA is mentioned by Dioscorides (40-90 CE), with the name of "andrachne". AIM OF THE REVIEW In this study, we provide detailed information on botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological uses, pharmacokinetics and safety of P. oleracea. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive search on electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, conference papers, local herbal encyclopedias, articles, books (in English, French, Arabic, Persian, etc.) and also a number of unpublished handwritten manuscripts was done to find articles have been published between 1956 and 2015 on pharmacology and phytochemistry of P. oleracea. RESULTS P. oleracea has been addressed in De Materia Medica as an astringent, and a remedy for headaches, inflammation of the eyes and other organs, burning of the stomach, erysipela, disorders of the bladder, numbness of the teeth, excessive sexual desire, burning fevers, worms, dysentery, hemorrhoids, eruptions of blood, and bites. Phytochemical investigations revealed that this plant a wide range of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and organic acids. The most important pharmacological activities are renoprotective activities and effects on metabolism. P. oleracea could successfully decrease blood glucose and lipid profile of patients with metabolic syndrome. The safety of P. oleracea has been reported in many clinical trials. CONCLUSION Modern pharmacological studies have now proven many traditional uses of P. oleracea, including anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic, renoprotective and hepatoprotective effects. In addition, in many clinical trials P. oleracea showed no adverse effects and constipation was reported as the most frequent adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Iranshahy
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Pardis Jahanbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Mahyari
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vahdati Hassani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Andrade AF, Alves JM, Corrêa MB, Cunha WR, Veneziani RCS, Tavares DC. In vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity assessment of Solanum lycocarpum hydroalcoholic extract. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2786-2790. [PMID: 27159582 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1175022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. (Solanaceae), popularly known as 'fruta-do-lobo' (wolf fruit), 'lobeira' and 'jurubebão', is commonly used by native people of Central Brazil in powder form or as a hydroalcoholic extract for the management of diabetes and obesity and to decrease cholesterol levels. OBJECTIVE The present study determines the possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of hydroalcoholic extract of the S. lycocarpum fruits (SL). MATERIALS AND METHODS The clonogenic efficiency assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity. Three concentrations of SL (16, 32 and 64 μg/mL) were used for the evaluation of its genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential on V79 cells using the micronucleus and comet assays. In the antigenotoxicity assays, the cells were treated simultaneously with SL and the alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate (MMS, 44 μg/mL for the micronucleus assay and 22 μg/mL for the comet assay) as an inducer of micronuclei and DNA damage. RESULTS The results showed that SL was cytotoxic at concentrations up to 64 μg/mL. No significant differences in the rate of chromosome or DNA damage were observed between cultures treated with SL and the control group. In addition, the frequencies of micronuclei and DNA damage induced by MMS were significantly reduced after treatment with SL. The damage reduction percentage ranged from 68.1% to 79.2% and 12.1% to 16.5% for micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION SL exerted no genotoxic effect and exhibited chemopreventive activity against both genomic and chromosome damage induced by MMS.
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Li CY, Meng YH, Ying ZM, Xu N, Hao D, Gao MZ, Zhang WJ, Xu L, Gao YC, Ying XX. Three Novel Alkaloids from Portulaca oleracea L. and Their Anti-inflammatory Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5837-5844. [PMID: 27396870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three novel carbon skeleton alkaloids, named oleracimine (1), oleracimine A (2), and oleracone A (3), with one novel azulene carbon skeleton compound, oleracone B (4), and one known compound, β-carboline (5), were first isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. The structures were determined using spectroscopic methods, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques. In addition, oleracimine (1) was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that oleracimine (1) remarkably inhibited nitric oxide production and could dose-dependently decrease the secretions of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 in cell culture supernatants as well as the mRNA of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Han Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Ming Ying
- School of the First Clinic, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhe Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Xiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
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Huang W, Wang Y, Zhu H, Wu Y, Xie X, Wang D. [Solasonine-induced Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cell Line H446 and Its Mechanism]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2016; 18:416-21. [PMID: 26182866 PMCID: PMC6000244 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.07.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 肺癌的发病率和病死率都急剧上升,小细胞肺癌首选化疗而不能手术,而中医药副作用小,有研究表明中药澳洲茄碱具有抗肿瘤活性作用。本研究旨在探讨澳洲茄碱对肺癌细胞株H446凋亡作用的影响。 方法 用CCK8试剂盒筛选药物作用的合适浓度和时间,以药物浓度为0 μmol/L、3.4 μmol/L、6.8 μmol/L、13.6 μmol/L分4组,作用于H446细胞24 h后,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态的变化,DAPI核染观察细胞核变化,流式细胞术检测药物对细胞凋亡的影响,Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白BCL2、BAX、CASP3表达的变化。 结果 澳洲茄碱可降低H446细胞的存活率,抑制其增殖,具有剂量相关性,存活率可降低至16.77%(P < 0.001),最高凋亡率为44.62%(P < 0.001);H446有明显的细胞凋亡形态学变化;Western blot显示凋亡相关蛋白BAX、CASP3表达上调(P < 0.05),凋亡抑制基因蛋白BCL2表达下调(P < 0.05)。 结论 澳洲茄碱可抑制H446细胞的增殖,上调促凋亡相关蛋白表达,下调抑凋亡蛋白表达,从而促进细胞的凋亡。
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
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Akin D, Durak Y, Uysal A, Gunes E, Aladag MO. Assessment of antimutagenic action of Celtis glabrata Steven ex Planch. (Cannabaceae) extracts against base pair exchange and frame shift mutations on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains by Ames test. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 39:312-21. [PMID: 26739110 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Celtis glabrata is used in Turkey for the treatment of various health disorders. OBJECTIVE The acetone, chloroform, ethanol, and methanol extracts of C. glabrata leaf, fruit, and seed were investigated to evaluate their antimutagenic activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS The antimutagenicity of these extracts was determined by Ames test against mutagens (4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), and sodium azide (SA)). The extracts were used at concentrations between 5 and 0.005 mg/plate. RESULTS The ethanol extracts of leaves exhibited strong antimutagenicity (70%) against 2-AF with S9 at 5 mg/plate on TA98. But methanol (61%, 53%) and acetone (53%, 52%) also revealed strong inhibition rates at concentrations of ≥ 0.5 mg/plate. Among the extracts, the highest activity (96%) was obtained from acetone extract against SA without S9, followed by chloroform extract (91%) at a dose of 5 mg/plate on TA100 with S9. Ethanol (without S9) and chloroform (with S9) extracts showed strong antimutagenicity at all doses. Exception of chloroform and acetone (without S9), all fruit extracts (with/without S9) manifested strong antimutagenicity at doses of ≥ 0.5 mg/plate on TA98 strain. Ethanol extracts revealed 68% inhibition against 2-AF on TA98. Acetone and ethanol extracts manifested 84% and 82% inhibition against SA on TA100, respectively. All the extracts of seeds revealed strong inhibition against 2-AF at ≥ 0.5 mg/plate doses on TA98, but acetone extract showed excellent antimutagenicity (94%). Moreover, the chloroform (74, 73, 63, 54%), acetone (74, 72, 70, 65%) and methanol (74, 67, 63, 61%) extracts of seeds revealed strong antimutagenic activity on TA100 against SA with S9. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This plant may be natural source of antimutagenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Akin
- a Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Durak
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey , and
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- c Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medicinal Laboratory , Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Erdogan Gunes
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey , and
| | - Mustafa Onur Aladag
- c Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medicinal Laboratory , Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
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Koa EY, Kim D, Roh SW, Yoonc WJ, Jeon YJ, Ahn G, Kim KN. Evaluation on antioxidant properties of sixteen plant species from Jeju Island in Korea. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:133-45. [PMID: 26417356 PMCID: PMC4553887 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant properties of 80 % ethanol extracts of 16 species of plants from Jeju Island in Korea were evaluated using various antioxidant assays, including the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-pricrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, superoxide scavenging, xanthine oxidase inhibition and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. Among the 16 plant extracts tested, CN-13 showed strong antioxidant properties in the DPPH radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging tests. The CN-13 ethanol extract was thus selected to be used for further experiments, and was separated into various fractions using four different organic solvents (n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and butanol). The ethyl acetate fraction of CN-13 extract evidenced strong DPPH radical scavenging properties as compared to the other fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction also strongly inhibited DNA-damage induced by hydrogen peroxide-oxidative damage in a mouse lymphoma (L5178Y-R) cell line. Moreover, a correlation between the total phenolic content of the extract, and its antioxidant property was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Yi Koa
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea ; Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekyung Kim
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Woon Roh
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Jong Yoonc
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju, 699-943, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
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In vivo assessment of genotoxic, antigenotoxic and anticarcinogenic activities of Solanum lycocarpum fruits glycoalkaloidic extract. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111999. [PMID: 25405606 PMCID: PMC4236050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Solanum lycocarpum, known as wolf-fruit, are used in folk medicine, and because of that we have evaluated both the genotoxic potential of its glycoalkaloidic extract (SL) and its influence on the genotoxicity induced by methyl methanesulfonate. Furthermore, the potential blocking effect of SL intake in the initial stage of colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats was investigated in a short-term (4-week) bioassay using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as biomarker. The genotoxic potential was evaluated using the Swiss mice peripheral blood micronucleus test. The animals were treated with different doses of SL (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days, and the peripheral blood samples were collected at 48 h, 7 days and 14 days after starting the treatment. For antigenotoxicity assessment, MMS was administered on the 14th day, and after 24 h the harvesting of bone marrow and liver cells was performed, for the micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. In the ACF assay, male Wistar rats were given four subcutaneous injections of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 40 mg/kg b.w.), twice a week, during two weeks to induce ACF. The treatment with SL (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg b.w.) was given for four weeks during and after carcinogen treatment to investigate the potential beneficial effects of SL on DMH-induced ACF. The results demonstrated that SL was not genotoxic in the mouse micronucleus test. In animals treated with SL and MMS, the frequencies of micronucleus and extensions of DNA damage were significantly reduced in comparison with the animals receiving only MMS. Regarding the ACF assay, SL significantly reduced the frequency of ACF induced by DMH.
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Souza LF, de Barros IBI, Mancini E, Martino LD, Scandolera E, Feo VD. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Anredera cordifolia Grown in Brazil. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis (Basellaceae), grown in Brazil, was studied by means of GC and GC-MS analysis. In all, 19 compounds were identified, accounting for 91.6% of the total oil; hydrocarbons were the main constituents (67.7%). The essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro potential phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radicle growth of Raphanus sativus L., Sinapis arvensis L., and Phalaris canariensis L. seeds. At 1.25 μg/mL and 0.625 μg/mL, the oil significantly promoted the germination of S. arvensis. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was assayed against ten bacterial strains. The essential oil showed a weak inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucéia Fátima Souza
- Department of Agronomy, University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia Porto Alegre - RS, 91501–970, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Bergman Inchausti de Barros
- Department of Agronomy, University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia Porto Alegre - RS, 91501–970, Brazil
| | - Emilia Mancini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Elia Scandolera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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Chen H, Qi X. Study on the effect of polysaccharides from Solanum nigrum Linne on cellular immune function in tumour-bearing mice. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2013; 10:41-6. [PMID: 24146499 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-tumour effect of polysaccharides from Solanum nigrum Linne, and its relationship with the immune function of tumour-bearing organisms. MTT assay was used to observe the effect of different doses of polysaccharides from Solanum nigrum Linne on proliferation of lymphocytes in tumour-bearing mice. ELISA assay was also used to detect the levels of IL-2 in mice, and a laser scanning confocal microscope was used to detect the effect of polysaccharides from Solanum nigrum Linne on intralymphocytic free calcium ion concentration in tumour-bearing mice. Different doses of polysaccharides from Solanum nigrum Linne significantly inhibited the growth of mouse H22 solid tumours, improved the survival time of tumour-bearing mice, increased the proliferation of lymphocytes, elevated the levels of IL-2, and increased the concentration of calcium ions in the lymphocytes. Polysaccharides from Solanum nigrum Linne have certain anti-tumour effect, which is related with the cellular immune function that regulates the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Chen
- Department of Galactophore, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China
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Munari CC, de Oliveira PF, de Souza Lima IM, de Paula Lima Martins S, de Carvalho da Costa J, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. Evaluation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Solanum lycocarpum fruits glicoalkaloid extract in V79 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3696-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Uddin MK, Juraimi AS, Ali ME, Ismail MR. Evaluation of antioxidant properties and mineral composition of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) at different growth stages. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10257-10267. [PMID: 22949859 PMCID: PMC3431857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to appraise the changes in mineral content and antioxidant attributes of Portulaca oleracea over different growth stages. The antioxidant activity was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The iodine titration method was used to determine the ascorbic acid content (AAC). DPPH scavenging (IC(50)) capacity ranged from 1.30 ± 0.04 to 1.71 ± 0.04 mg/mL, while the ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity (AEAC) values were 229.5 ± 7.9 to 319.3 ± 8.7 mg AA/100 g, total phenol content (TPC) varied from 174.5 ± 8.5 to 348.5 ± 7.9 mg GAE/100 g. AAC 60.5 ± 2.1 to 86.5 ± 3.9 mg/100 g and FRAP 1.8 ± 0.1 to 4.3 ± 0.1 mg GAE/g. There was good correlation between the results of TPC and AEAC, and between IC(50) and FRAP assays (r(2) > 0.9). The concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Fe and Zn increased with plant maturity. Calcium (Ca) was negatively correlated with sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl), but positively correlated with magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Portulaca olerecea cultivars could be used as a source of minerals and antioxidants, especially for functional food and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Kamal Uddin
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 09800, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +60-8946-8967; Fax: +60-8946-8968
| | - Abdul Shukor Juraimi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 09800, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Md. Eaqub Ali
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Mohd Razi Ismail
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 09800, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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Induction of apoptosis by ethanolic extract of Corchorus olitorius leaf in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells via a mitochondria-dependent pathway. Molecules 2012; 17:9348-60. [PMID: 22864242 PMCID: PMC6268878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Corchorus olitorius L.,is a culinary and medicinal herb, widely used as a vegetable in several countries in Asia. Many studies have shown that C. olitorius contains several antioxidants and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities in various in vitro and in vivo settings. Recently, C. olitorius has been approved for its antitumor activity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of C. olitorius (ECO) on the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and gain some insights into the underlying mechanisms of its action. We found that HepG2 cells, treated with ECO for 24 h at a concentration higher than 12.5 μg/mL, displayed a strong reduction in cell viability, whereas normal FL83B hepatocytes were not affected. DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation were evidenced by the increased subG1 population of ECO-treated HepG2 cells. ECO triggered the activation of procaspases-3 and -9 and caused the cleavage of downstream substrate, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), followed by down-regulation of the inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD) signaling. Moreover, the increased release of cytochrome c from mitochondria with decreased membrane potential demonstrated the apoptosis induced through the caspases cascade. Our findings indicated that ECO might be effective against hepatocellular carcinoma through induction of apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent pathway.
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Tomimori K, Nakama S, Kimura R, Tamaki K, Ishikawa C, Mori N. Antitumor activity and macrophage nitric oxide producing action of medicinal herb, Crassocephalum crepidioides. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:78. [PMID: 22720874 PMCID: PMC3407475 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Crassocephalum crepidioides, a plant distributed in Okinawa Islands, is known in folk medicine; however, its anticancer activity has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of C. crepidioides on murine Sarcoma 180 (S-180) and related molecular mechanisms. Methods The antitumor effect of C. crepidioides was evaluated in S-180-cell-bearing mice. Cell growth was assessed using a colorimetric assay. Nitrite and nitrate levels were measured by colorimetry. The expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in murine RAW264.7 macrophages was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Activation of iNOS promoter was detected by reporter gene. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The role of NF-κB signaling was analyzed using inhibitors of NF-κB and dominant-negative mutants, and Western blot analysis. Results C. crepidioides extract delayed tumor growth in S-180-bearing mice. However, it did not inhibit S-180 cell growth in vitro. Supernatant of cultured C. crepidioides-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages was cytotoxic to S-180 cells. This cytotoxicity was associated with nitric oxide (NO) production. NF-κB signaling pathway was crucial for the transcriptional activation of iNOS gene. Isochlorogenic acid, a component of C. crepidioides, induced NF-κB activation and iNOS expression. Conclusions The results highlight the oncolytic and immunopotentiation properties of C. crepidioides mediated through NF-κB-induced release of NO from macrophages.
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Su BL, Zeng R, Chen JY, Chen CY, Guo JH, Huang CG. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of various solvent extracts from Impatiens balsamina L. stems. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C614-9. [PMID: 22582943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as the quantity of phenolic substances of Impatiens balsamina L. stem extracts obtained with various solvent were determined in this study. All of the extracts possessed moderate antioxidant potential in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Antimicrobial activity was estimated using the cylinder-plate and agar dilution methods against four bacterial and six fungal strains. The extracts showed good antimicrobial activity especially antifungal activity against all of the tested microorganisms. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 2.88 to 13.63 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried extract and 0.98 to 7.87 mg quercetin equivalents/g dried extract, respectively. The results presented here indicate that the I. balsamina stem extracts have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and are therefore a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for the food and pharmaceutical industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Our work indicates that the I. balsamina stem may be a good candidate as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. It can be applied in food industry for preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Li Su
- College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural Univ, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
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Behravan J, Mosafa F, Soudmand N, Taghiabadi E, Razavi BM, Karimi G. Protective Effects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Portulaca oleracea L. Aerial Parts on H2O2- Induced DNA Damage in Lymphocytes by Comet Assay. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2011; 4:193-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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El-Sayed MIK. Effects of Portulaca oleracea L. seeds in treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients as adjunctive and alternative therapy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:643-651. [PMID: 21718775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: To investigate antidiabetic activity of purslane seeds on type-2 diabetic subjects and to provide scientific basis for the clinical use of Portulaca oleracea (PO). MATERIALS AND METHODS A thirty subject with type-2 diabetes divided into two groups, to receive 5 g of PO seeds twice daily while in the second group, their participants receive 1,500 mg of metformin/day. All participants were requested to report the effects of treatments on diabetic manifestations, their weights, body mass index (BMI), adverse effects, fasting and post-prandial blood glucose during treatment schedule. Blood samples from participants before and after treatment were taken for serum separation, which are used for measurement of serum lipids, liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, albumin, and insulin. RESULTS It showed a significant decrease in serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (T(C)), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL(C)), liver alanine-, aspartate- and gamma glutamyl transaminase (ALT, AST, and GGT), total and direct bilirubin, fasting and post-prandial blood glucose, insulin, body weight and BMI while a significant increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL(C)) and albumin but non-significant change of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in PO seeds treated subjects. Metformin (M) group has the same results of PO group except in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL(C)), LDL(C), and ALP levels had a different pattern. CONCLUSIONS PO seeds could be effective and safe as adjuvant therapy for Type-2 diabetic subjects. These results demonstrated that PO seeds possessed notable hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and insulin resistance reducer effects; possibly due to its contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-I Kotb El-Sayed
- Department of Organic Chemistry (Pharmaceutical Biochemistry), Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Madbah, Sana, Yemen. mohamed
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Wang L, Gao G, Bai Y, Luo W, Lin C, Jia Q. Fingerprint quality detection of Solanum nigrum using high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:595-601. [PMID: 21554001 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.535171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Solanum nigrum Linn. (Solanaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used for cancer therapy. It is urgent to develop a novel quality standard to validly detect its quality. OBJECTIVE To control its quality, a novel, accurate, and valid fingerprint method was developed by high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) in the current case. We could evaluate the quality of different batches and assure the stability of herbs' quality in subsequent research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HPLC-ELSD fingerprints have been developed through analyzing 41 batches of raw herbs collected from different areas in different harvesting time. RESULTS We have determined the optimum extraction and detection conditions in the process of establishing herb fingerprint. And, we could establish reference fingerprint to control such herb quality. Also, we could determine optimum collecting location and harvesting time according to the fingerprint. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It is the first time a new method has been established to control the quality of S. nigrum through HPLC-ELSD. We developed combining similarity evaluation to identify and distinguish raw materials efficiently from different sources. For S. nigrum the most influenced factor on herb quality was the collecting location, and the next was the harvesting time. So, in order to get the consistent raw materials, the collecting location and the harvesting time should be fixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Pushp P, Sharma N, Joseph GS, Singh RP. Antioxidant activity and detection of (-)epicatechin in the methanolic extract of stem of Tinospora cordifolia. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2011; 50:567-72. [PMID: 24425954 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tinospora cordifolia is known for its various medicinal and pharmacological properties. In this study, the antioxidant profile of the stem extract of T. cordifolia has been determined using various in vitro methods. An attempt was also made to identify phenolic compounds in T. cordifolia stem extract using silica gel column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The detection of (-) epicatechin has been reported for the first time in T. cordifolia stem extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preshita Pushp
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR), Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR), Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - G S Joseph
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR), Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - R P Singh
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR), Mysore, 570 020 India
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Wang L, Bang CY, Choung SY. Anti-Obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects of Boussingaultia gracilis Miers var. pseudobaselloides Bailey in Obese Rats. J Med Food 2011; 14:17-25. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Young Bang
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee SH, Lee SH, Jheong WH, Kim TS, Kim YH. Evaluation of mutagenic activity in the Nakdong river and advanced drinking water treatment processes. Mol Cell Toxicol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-010-0039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Siriwatanametanon N, Fiebich BL, Efferth T, Prieto JM, Heinrich M. Traditionally used Thai medicinal plants: in vitro anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:196-207. [PMID: 20435130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY In order to assess traditional Thai claims about the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and to select plants for future phytochemical research, nine plant species with anti-inflammatory uses were selected from Thai textbooks and assessed for their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant activities. METHODS Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitory effects in stably transfected HeLa cells were determined by luciferase assay, and effects on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in primary monocytes were assessed by ELISA. Cytotoxic activities were examined against HeLa cells, human leukaemia CCRF-CEM cells and the multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 subline using the MTT and XTT tests. However, a redox status has been linked with both inflammation and cancer, antioxidant effects were also assessed using the DPPH, lipid-peroxidation, and Folin-Ciocalteau methods. RESULTS Among all the nine species, Gynura pseudochina var. hispida and Oroxylum indicum showed the most promising NF-kappaB inhibitory effects with the lowest IC(50) values (41.96 and 47.45 microg/ml, respectively). Muehlenbeckia platyclada did not inhibit the NF-kappaB activation but effectively inhibited the release of IL-6, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha with IC(50) values ranging between 0.28 and 8.67 microg/ml. Pouzolzia indica was the most cytotoxic against CCRF-CEM cells and the multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells (9.75% and 10.48% viability, at 10 microg/ml, respectively). Rhinacanthus nasutus was the most potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (IC(50) 3.63 microg/ml) and showed specific cytotoxicity against the multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells (18.72% viability at 10 microg/ml, p<0.0001 when compared to its cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cells). Moreover, Oroxylum indicum showed a high level of antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid-peroxidation (IC(50) 0.08 microg/ml). CONCLUSIONS This study provides in vitro evidence for the use of the Thai plants, most importantly Gynura pseudochina var. hispida, Oroxylum indicum and Muehlenbeckia platyclada as Thai anti-inflammatory remedies and these plants are now a priority for further phytochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisarat Siriwatanametanon
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Kreander K, Galkin A, Vuorela S, Tammela P, Laitinen L, Heinonen M, Vuorela P. In-vitro mutagenic potential and effect on permeability of co-administered drugs across Caco-2 cell monolayers of Rubus idaeus and its fortified fractions. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 58:1545-52. [PMID: 17132218 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.11.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigated the mutagenic, anti-mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of acetone extract of raspberry, Rubus idaeus L. (v. Ottawa) Rosaceae, and the isolated and characterized ellagitannin and anthocyanin fractions thereof, suitable for food applications. The studied raspberry extract and fractions did not show any mutagenic effects determined in the miniaturized Ames test and were not cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells at the used concentrations. However, the anti-mutagenic properties were changed (i.e. decreased mutagenicity of 2-nitrofluorene in strain TA98, and slightly increased mutagenicity of 2-aminoanthracene in strain TA100) with metabolic activation. Further, their influence on the permeability of co-administered common drugs (ketoprofen, paracetamol, metoprolol and verapamil) across Caco-2 monolayers was evaluated. The apical-to-basolateral permeability of highly permeable verapamil was mostly affected (decreased) during co-administration of the raspberry extract or the ellagitannin fraction. Ketoprofen permeability was decreased by the ellagitannin fraction. Consumption of food rich in phytochemicals, as demonstrated here with chemically characterized raspberry extract and fractions, with well-absorbing drugs would seem to affect the permeability of some of these drugs depending on the components. Thus their effects on the absorption of drugs in-vivo cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Kreander
- Drug Discovery and Development Technology Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Naringin dietary supplementation at 0.15% rates does not provide protection against sub-clinical acidosis and does not affect the responses of fattening lambs to road transportation. Animal 2010; 4:958-64. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Karuna R, Reddy SS, Baskar R, Saralakumari D. Antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2009; 41:64-7. [PMID: 20336219 PMCID: PMC2841234 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.51342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased levels of oxidative stress may be implicated in the etiology of many pathological conditions. Protective antioxidant action imparted by many plant extracts and plant products make them promising therapeutic drugs for free radical induced pathologies. In this study we assessed the antioxidant potential of Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae). MATERIALS AND METHODS EXPERIMENTAL RATS WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS: Control and Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) treated. Treated rats received P. amarus aqueous extract (PAAEt) at a dose of 200 mg/kg body wt/day for 8 weeks. After the treatment period of 8 weeks lipid peroxidation (LPO), vitamin C, uric acid and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated in plasma and antioxidant enzymes: Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also assayed. Genotoxicity of PAAEt was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) of lymphocytes under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The protective role of PAAEt against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), streptozotocin (STZ) and nitric oxide generating system induced lymphocyte DNA damage was also assessed by SCGE. RESULTS PAAEt treated rats showed a significant decrease in plasma LPO and a significant increase in plasma vitamin C, uric acid, GSH levels and GPx, CAT and SOD activities. SCGE experiment reveals that PAAEt was devoid of genotoxicity and had a significant protective effect against H(2)O(2), STZ and nitric oxide (NO) induced lymphocyte DNA damage. CONCLUSION The results suggest the non-toxic nature of PAAEt and consumption of PAAEt can be linked to improved antioxidant status and reduction in the risk of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Karuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur - 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S. Sreenivasa Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur - 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R. Baskar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur - 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - D. Saralakumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur - 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Gnanamani A, Sudha M, Deepa G, Sudha M, Deivanai K, Sadulla S. Haematological and biochemical effects of polyphenolics in animal models. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 72:1321-1326. [PMID: 18511106 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2007] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols of natural and synthetic origin are exploited in tanning sector to convert putrescible skin/hide to non-putrescible leather. However, only 30-40% of the inputs have been taken up for processing, the remaining is released as unspent. The existing conventional wastewater treatment systems are inefficient in removing or degrading these unspent polyphenols and thus detrimental to ecosystem. The present study demonstrates the evaluation of impact of both synthetic and natural polyphenols on biochemical and haematological properties of blood and serum in animal models. The results reveal that concentrations of polyphenols play a major role. At higher concentrations, irrespective of their nature, there was a marked change in the lipid profile (81% reduction), followed by insignificant change in glucose levels, RBC and WBC counts and other haematological parameters. At lower concentrations, no significant changes in the above said properties were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Gnanamani
- Microbiology Division, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Labieniec M, Gabryelak T. Antioxidative and oxidative changes in the digestive gland cells of freshwater mussels Unio tumidus caused by selected phenolic compounds in the presence of H2O2 or Cu2+ ions. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:146-56. [PMID: 17084585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research on biomarkers as early bioindicators of perturbation in populations and individuals has received increasing interest during recent decades. These ecotoxicity studies allow us to measure the impact of environmental stressors and to monitor and evaluate the degradation or restoration of systems. In the present study we used bivalve molluscs (mussels), which are sensitive biomarkers of aquatic ecosystem pollution, to assess the effects of three polyphenols: tannic acid, ellagic acid and gallic acid. These compounds were used in the 1-60 microM concentration range, alone and in the presence of H(2)O(2) (40 and 100 microM) or Cu(2+) ions (50 microM). The fluorescence probe dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidation of DCFH-DA to the fluorescent DCF (dichlorofluorescein) by the phenolic compounds was investigated spectrofluorimetrically. The results showed that the polyphenols tested can act as antioxidants against the ROS present in the digestive gland cells, but their activity is decreased after incubation with hydrogen peroxide or copper ions. SH-groups were determined spectrophotometrically using Ellman's reagent. The results showed that oxidative modification of proteins increased in a concentration-dependent manner in cells incubated with polyphenols (above 15 microM) alone. Incubation of the cells with phenolic acids and H(2)O(2) or Cu(2+) ions revealed that the phenolic acids had prooxidant properties in all concentrations used except for 1 microM tannic and ellagic acid and 40 microM H(2)O(2). DNA fragmentation was estimated by a fluorescence method using Hoechst 33258/propidium iodine binding. The data showed that the phenolic acids alone and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide or copper ions can induce apoptosis and necrosis. The methods used and results obtained indicate that the polyphenols selected can act not only as antioxidants but also as prooxidants in digestive gland cells of Unio tumidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Labieniec
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of General Biophysics, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Kim KN, Heo SJ, Song CB, Lee J, Heo MS, Yeo IK, Kang KA, Hyun JW, Jeon YJ. Protective effect of Ecklonia cava enzymatic extracts on hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zakaria Z, Sulaiman M, Arifah A, Jais AM, Somchit M, Kirisnaven K, Punnitharr D, Safarul M, Fatimah C, Johari R. The Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Activities of Corchorus olitorius in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2006.139.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zakaria ZA, Safarul M, Valsala R, Sulaiman MR, Fatimah CA, Somchit MN, Mat Jais AM. The influences of temperature and naloxone on the antinociceptive activity of Corchorus olitorius L. in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2005; 372:55-62. [PMID: 16133487 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-005-1089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 07/31/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of preliminary studies was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive (pain relief) activity of the aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius L. leaves (COAE) and to determine the influence of temperature and opioid receptors on COAE activity using the abdominal constriction and hot plate tests in mice. COAE, at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, showed both peripheral and central antinociception that are non-concentration- and concentration-dependent respectively. The peripheral activity was clearly observed at a concentration of 25% and diminished at a concentration of 100%, while the central activity was observed at all the concentrations of COAE used. Furthermore, the insignificant results obtained indicated that this peripheral activity (at concentrations of 25 and 50%) was comparable to that of morphine (0.8 mg/kg). Pre-heating COAE at a temperature of 80 degrees C and 100 degrees C, or 60 degrees C and 80 degrees C was found to enhance its peripheral and central antinociception respectively. Pre-treatment with naloxone (10 mg/kg), a general opioid receptor antagonist, for 5 min, followed by COAE, was found to completely block its peripheral, but not central, antinociceptive activity. Based on this observation, we conclude that the antinociceptive activity exhibited by C. olitorius is enhanced by the increase in temperature and may be mediated peripherally, but not centrally, at least in part, via an opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Zakaria
- School of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Universiti Industri Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Abstract
Thirteen representative phytogeographical sites in the southern part of Jordan was surveyed to recognize the folk toxic plant wealth by calculating of FL, RPL, and ROP values. One hundred and twenty-five toxic species were recorded in the area of study belonging to 56 plant families that were mentioned by three informants or more, 53 toxic species (42.4%) were popular, since they were cited by more than half of the maximum number of informants which is 30; therefore have Rank-Order Priority (ROP) value 50 or more, while 72 species (57.6%) were unpopular, since they were cited by less than half of the maximum number of informants; therefore have ROP value less than 50. Eighty species (63.5%) have known toxicity in neighboring countries while 46 species (36.5%) have not such known toxicity. Major toxic effects cited by popular species have exhibited major symptoms ranging from skin irritation, gastric and abdominal disturbances, abortion, sterility, neuralgic pains including hysteria, and fatigue. The studied area has been shown a high level of toxic species diversity, since it is dominated by at least four phytogeographical elements, which requires certain ecological awareness to protect and reserve the wild and endemic species from further threats to enhance the sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Al-Qura'n
- Department of Biology, Mu'tah University, P.O. Box 26, Karak, Jordan.
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Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. (SNL) has been used in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory activity. We previously isolated glycoprotein from SNL and observed that it decreased viable HT-29 cell numbers at a low concentration (60 microg/mL). This study investigated the apoptotic signal pathway triggered by glycoprotein isolated from SNL in HT-29 cells. Treatment of HT-29 cells with SNL glycoprotein (60 microg/mL) for 4 hours resulted in a cytotoxic effect of more than 60%, compared with the control. To explain the apoptotic effects of SNL glycoprotein, we investigated its effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated protein kinase C (PKC) alpha activity and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor (NF) kappaB in HT-29 cells, using western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Results from these experiments showed that SNL glycoprotein has remarkable inhibitory effects on the activities of TPA (100 nM)-stimulated PKCalpha and NF-kappaB in HT-29 cells. They also substantiated that PKCalpha is a part of the TPA-activated upstream signal pathway of NF-kappaB, since NF-kappaB activity was inhibited by staurosporine (a PKC inhibitor) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (an NF-kappaB inhibitor) in a western blot analysis. Furthermore, to verify the triggering of apoptosis by the SNL glycoprotein, we performed DNA fragmentation, nuclear staining, and protein expression assays of apoptotic-related proteins. The amount of DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell numbers increased in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with SNL glycoprotein. Apoptosis-related protein assays demonstrated that SNL glycoprotein-induced apoptosis is associated with the regulation of bcl-2 and Bax expression. Taken together, the results of this study showed that the activation of PKCalpha, NF-kappaB, and Bax expression by SNL glycoprotein is possibly involved in the apoptotic process. Consequently, these results indicate that SNL glycoprotein causes HT-29 cell death through apoptosis by its ability to modulate anti-apoptotic signals. We suggest that SNL glycoprotein is a natural anti-cancer agent due to its potential to induce apoptosis in HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Taek Lim
- #521 Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong Dong, Kwangju, Korea.
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Aniya Y, Koyama T, Miyagi C, Miyahira M, Inomata C, Kinoshita S, Ichiba T. Free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective actions of the medicinal herb, Crassocephalum crepidioides from the Okinawa Islands. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:19-23. [PMID: 15635156 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Free radical scavenging and protective actions against chemically induced hepatotoxicity of Crassocephalum crepidioides were investigated. A water extract of C. crepidioides strongly scavenged superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and also stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Galactosamine (GalN, 400 mg/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 microg/kg) induced hepatotoxicity of rats as seen by an elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and of lipid peroxidation in liver homogenates was significantly depressed when the herbal extract was given intraperitoneally 1 and 15 h before GalN and LPS treatment. Similarly, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury as evidenced by an increase in AST and ALT activities in serum was also inhibited by the extract pretreatment. Isochlorogenic acids, quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were identified as active components of C. crepidioides with strong free radical scavenging action. These results demonstrate that C. crepidioides is a potent antioxidant and protective against GalN plus LPS- or CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Aniya
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
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Heo KS, Lee SJ, Ko JH, Lim K, Lim KT. Glycoprotein isolated from Solanum nigrum L. inhibits the DNA-binding activities of NF-κB and AP-1, and increases the production of nitric oxide in TPA-stimulated MCF-7 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2004; 18:755-63. [PMID: 15465640 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. (SNL) has been used in traditional folk medicine to treat numerous cancers. We isolated a glycoprotein (150 kDa) from SNL and tested its effect on the modulation of transcriptional factors (NF-kappa B and AP-1) and iNO production in TPA induced-MCF-7 cells, which are part of the human breast cancer cell line, without estrogen receptors. However, the mechanism of SNL glycoprotein in pharmacological and biochemical actions in cancer cells has not been studied. To test the effect of SNL glycoprotein on the DNA-binding activities of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), and nitric oxide (NO) production, these experiments were carried out using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), western blot analysis, and the Griess method. Results in this experiment showed that SNL glycoprotein inhibits 12-O-Tetra decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA; 100 nM)-induced DNA-binding activities of NF-kappaB and AP-1, and enhances NO production in MCF-7 cells. That is, our results indicated that SNL glycoprotein has the capacity to modulate the TPA-induced DNA-binding activities of transcription factors and NO production, which play a critical role with respect to cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. Therefore, SNL glycoprotein might be one of the agents that blocks TPA-mediated signal responses in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Heo
- 521 Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory and Biodefensive Substances Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong Dong, Bukgu, Kwangju 500757, South Korea
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